answers
dict | title
stringlengths 16
40
| context
stringlengths 1
1.96k
| question
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stringlengths 1
5
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"10.39%"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA02474F | Under dim light conditions, the best TiO1.1Se0.9/CC electrode rendered its cell an η of 10.00% at 0.5 sun and the best η of 10.39% at 0.1 sun. | What is the value of η? | 21755 |
{
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"8 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2003.11.014 | The Jsc of the DSSC before acetic acid treatment was 8 mA/cm2 which increased largely to 13.5 mA/cm2 after acetic acid treatment. | What is the value of Jsc? | 5883 |
{
"answer_start": [
126
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1039/C1RA00215E | The counter electrode was prepared by depositing a platinum (Pt) precursor solution (Plastisol from Solaronix) on the cleaned FTO coated glass substrate. | What is substrate? | 31345 |
{
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"0.23cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.physe.2019.03.001 | This parafilm comes with a hole of an area of 0.23cm2, acting as an active area. | What is the value of active area? | 800 |
{
"answer_start": [
52
],
"text": [
"600"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.082 | SATS microspheres have an average diameter of about 600nm while the sizes of SnO2 hollow spheres are about 250nm. | What is SnO2? | 31758 |
{
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"71.9%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.053 | The DSSCs prepared from honeycomb Ti substrates exhibited much higher short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF) of 11.6 mA/cm2, 0.777 V, and 71.9%, respectively, than the bare Ti device with 10.8 mA/cm2, 0.750 V, and 65.7%, respectively. | What is the value of FF? | 29361 |
{
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"6.71%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA05988G | Based on this strategy, PCEs of CH3NH3PbI3-based PSCs were improved from 6.71% to 10.62% (i.e., 58% enhancement). | What is the value of PCE? | 22615 |
{
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"6.44%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.renene.2018.12.062 | The higher surface and wide visible light absorption region allows us to determine that the Ag0.10-TiO2 nanoparticles-based DSSC gave the best η of 6.44%. | What is the value of η? | 13119 |
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"6.2%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA02032D | In the case of N719, the cell showed a slightly higher performance with Jsc = 14.6 mA cm−2, Voc = 637 mV, FF = 0.67 and η = 6.2%.The measured incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra of the T133 through T136 and N719 based cells are shown in Fig. | What is the value of η? | 1092 |
{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"13.72 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.028 | As shown in , spin-coated device using 2-M and CHP based precursor showed similar performance to conventional DMF based system as follows: Voc of 0.90V, Jsc of 13.72 mA/cm2, FF of 74.69%, PCE of 9.24%. | What is the value of Jsc? | 9245 |
{
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"0.92%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.04.036 | As shown in , Device A with Electrolyte A exhibits a PCE of 0.92%, corresponding to a Voc of 0.763 V, a Jsc of 3.23 mA cm−2 and a FF of 0.375. | What is the value of PCE? | 5600 |
{
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"4.77%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.100 | For the Mn2 + doped MWCNT-PANI CE, the DSSCs generated a Voc of 652 mV, a Jsc of 11.88 mA cm− 2, a FF of 0.62 and a moderate PCE of 4.77%. | What is the value of PCE? | 15272 |
{
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"74.64%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA05008E | This downward shifting in the VBM position might affect the enhancement of both the Jsc (from 18.73 to 20.84 mA cm−2) and the FF (from 65.73% to 74.64%) according to a recent study by Wang et al. | What is the value of FF? | 3952 |
{
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"8.21%"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA01383C | On the other hand, sample 6 + CNT shows a high PCE of 8.21% with an AVT of 24.0%. | What is the value of PCE? | 16746 |
{
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"8 h"
]
} | 10.1039/C5CP04716A | 4(a)] the dye sensitization time has been fixed at 8 h and 12 h for cell testing. | What is the value of time? | 16388 |
{
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"16.4%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.018 | We have achieved ∼25% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of η=16.4% for BP nanosheets+Spiro-OMeTAD as an HTM as compared to spiro-OMeTAD (η=13.1%). | What is the value of η? | 34122 |
{
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"64%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.03.041 | The devices exhibited a reverse scan performance with PCE of 11.84%, a Jsc of 16.83mAcm−2, a Voc of 1.10V and an FF of 64%. | What is the value of FF? | 91 |
{
"answer_start": [
72
],
"text": [
"13.2mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cap.2013.12.003 | In comparison, the DSSC made using the TiO2 NPs had Jsc and η values of 13.2mAcm−2 and 4.7%, respectively, for the same photoanode thickness (∼13μm). | What is the value of Jsc? | 10816 |
{
"answer_start": [
147
],
"text": [
"4.57%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.141 | Similarly, higher PCEs were obtained by device fabricated with FS-16/E1 (6.55%) and FS-18/E1 (5.22%) than that with FS-16/E2 (5.80%) and FS-18/E2 (4.57%). | What is the value of PCE? | 21099 |
{
"answer_start": [
274
],
"text": [
"935 mV"
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA05774K | The cells based on X1 showed a Jsc of 5.8 mA cm−2, a Voc of 680 mV and a PCE of 2.3%, while the corresponding devices containing X11 showed a Voc of 580 mV and a Jsc of 4.7 mA cm−2, resulting in a lower PCE, 1.7%.The devices based on Spiro-OMeTAD displayed the highest Voc (935 mV) in combination with the LEG4 dye, and the highest Jsc (12.4 mA) in combination with the MKA253 dye. | What is the value of Voc? | 9897 |
{
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"715 mV"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TC01195G | Interestingly, when grafting two thiophene substituents onto quinoxaline segment, the Voc of IQ12 was rebounded to 715 mV, which was even higher than that of IQ9 (697 mV), and only slightly lower than that of IQ11 (720 mV). | What is the value of Voc? | 28457 |
{
"answer_start": [
295
],
"text": [
"68%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.04.059 | The open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), fill-factor (FF) and PCE of DSSCs based on SnO2@SWCNTs@RGO are 0.70V, 14.0mAcm−2, 62.5%, and 6.1% respectively, the photovoltaic characteristic of DSSCs based on Pt CEs which are comparable; Voc=0.77V, Jsc=12.1mAcm−2, FF=68% and PCE=6.2%. | What is the value of FF? | 9273 |
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"CH3NH3PbI3−xClx"
]
} | 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.067 | This resulted in the conversion to a brown perovskite of chemical formula of CH3NH3PbI3−xClx (see single spin coating scheme, a). | What is perovskite? | 33169 |
{
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"4.75%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.11.094 | The Jsc, IPCE, and η reached their maximum values with 0.05 M HCl treatment corresponding to 11.1 mA/cm2, 48.0% (at 350 nm) and 4.75%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 6637 |
{
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"15.21%"
]
} | 10.1039/C9TC02362C | When the film was optimized, the PCE of the CsPbI2.4Br0.6-TBAB based PSC was improved to 15.21%, with a Voc of 1.20 V, a Jsc of 17.50 mA cm−2, and a FF of 72.75%. | What is the value of PCE? | 3474 |
{
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Electrolyte-C"
]
} | 10.1039/C2JM16850B | Upon the addition of NBB, the Voc of Electrolyte-C was improved from 0.605 to 0.634 V. | What material has Voc of 0.634 V? | 35798 |
{
"answer_start": [
312
],
"text": [
"0.494 V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.04.025 | The photovoltaic parameters obtained from the photocurrent density–voltage curves, including open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and conversion efficiency (η) are summarized in , it can be seen that the DSC with a bare FTO glass as a counter electrode has a Voc of 0.494 V, a Jsc of 4.11 mA cm−2, and a FF of 0.1, leading to a very poor conversion efficiency of 0.22%. | What is the value of Voc? | 15571 |
{
"answer_start": [
247
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.067 | Considering the band alignment of each layer, the energy level diagram of our devices is displayed in c, where the hole transport path is from PSK to PbS/Spiro and then to the gold electrode, and the electrons move from PSK to bl-TiO2 and then to FTO substrate. | What is substrate? | 503 |
{
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"0.95V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.03.028 | The short circuit current density (JSC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), and PCE of the reference cell are 15.53mA/cm2, 0.95V, 0.61, and 8.98%, respectively. | What is the value of VOC? | 7724 |
{
"answer_start": [
254
],
"text": [
"9"
]
} | 10.1039/C2EE22870J | The resulting device showed panchromatic spectral features in the IPCE action spectrum in the region 400–700 nm attaining efficiencies of 75–80%; the spectrum is extended to the near-IR region attaining 40–45% in 700–800 nm region, giving JSC/mA cm−2 = 19.28, VOC/mV = 753, FF = 0.719, and η = 10.4% under standard AM 1.5 G one-sun irradiation. | What material has η of 10.4%? | 37114 |
{
"answer_start": [
179
],
"text": [
"14.9%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA06987H | The obtained PCE was higher than the corresponding commercial and as-synthesized para-methoxy-substituted spiro-OMeTAD-based devices (HTM Sp01, PCE = 15.2%) and (HTM Sp01a, PCE = 14.9%), owing to the low series resistance (RS) and high cell shunt resistance (RSh) obtained by using HTM Sp03 and that contribute to an increased FF value. | What is the value of PCE? | 7782 |
{
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"7.46%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4TA00959B | The power conversion efficiencies (η %) of Pt, ECN:TiO2 (1:1) and Pt added ECN:TiO2 (1:1) based cells were 7.57%, 7.25% and 7.46%, respectively. | What is the value of η? | 23248 |
{
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"19.42 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.08.024 | On contrast, the device with a 20 nm PbPc HTL has a JSC, VOC, FF, and PCE of 19.42 mA/cm2, 0.79 V, 0.63, and 9.66%, respectively. | What is the value of JSC? | 2638 |
{
"answer_start": [
227
],
"text": [
"0.25 cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.04.096 | Finally, to test the accuracy of the suggested simulation method in this work, the simulation results were compared with the experimental performance of a DSC according to the TiO2 thickness.Single cells with an active area of 0.25 cm2 were fabricated to extract the voltage and current coefficient according to the TiO2 thickness and to obtain the standard current–voltage (I–V) characteristics for the simulation of DSCs. | What is the value of active area? | 15266 |
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"TaC"
]
} | 10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.01.001 | The enhancement of the catalytic ability of the prepared TaC–MC toward the I3−/I− and T2/T− redox couples was also characterized by CV, EIS, and Tafel polarization tests, and the readers can obtain the detailed analysis in the supporting information (, for the Co3+/2+ redox couple, the DSCs using TaC–MC CEs has a PCE of 9.28% with Voc=847 mV, Jsc=16.11 mA cm−2, and FF=0.68, while the device using TaC CE shows a PCE of 8.67%. | What material has PCE of 8.67%? | 35489 |
{
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"∼12"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2012.05.005 | The thickness of the TiO2 film (∼12 μm) was controlled by the adhesive scotch tape. | What is TiO2? | 3329 |
{
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"FTO"
]
} | 10.1039/C1JM10675A | Because we used the same FTO substrate, counterelectrode and polymer electrolyte, the differences in Rs, R1 and Ws values is negligible. | What is substrate? | 29090 |
{
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"0.61V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.044 | The DSSC device based on S2 dye showed the best photovoltaic performance among S1–S4 dyes: a maximum monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 76%, a short circuit current (JSC) of 12.27mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.61V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.63, and an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 4.73%. | What is the value of VOC? | 27714 |
{
"answer_start": [
46
],
"text": [
"1.96%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102609 | When the anodizing time is 7h, η increases to 1.96%.In recent years, the efficiency of preparing undoped and unmodified TiO2 nanotubes as photoanodes for DSSC is shown in . | What is the value of η? | 21270 |
{
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"7.56%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.12.031 | It could be seen that the Pt CE based DSSCs had a PCE of 7.56%, where Jsc was 14.90 mAcm−2, Voc was 779mV, and FF was 0.65; while the PCE of the synthesized PEDOT CE based device was only 6.77%, where Jsc was 13.79mAcm−2, Voc was 775 mV, FF was 0.63. | What is the value of PCE? | 21201 |
{
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"73.2%"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TA06752F | In comparison, the PCE of a device with CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x:V2Ox (0 wt%) is only 14.02% under the same preparation conditions, with a VOC of 0.95 V, a JSC of 20.17 mA cm−2, and a FF of 73.2%. | What is the value of FF? | 23894 |
{
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"25 mm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.04.028 | The electrolyte was introduced into the cells through one of the two small holes drilled on the counter-electrodes to produce DSSCs with a 25 mm2 active area.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using a VG Multilab ESCA 2000 (ThermoVG Scientific) instrument with Mg Kα radiation. | What is the value of active area? | 12267 |
{
"answer_start": [
49
],
"text": [
"12.3mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.12.007 | N749 showed JSC, VOC, fill factor (ff), and η as, 12.3mAcm−2, 710mV, 0.70, and 6.1%, respectively. | What is the value of JSC? | 20550 |
{
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1039/C1EE01646F | Then a dye-coated TiO2 film electrode is prepared by immersing the TiO2 film in a 3 × 10−4 M ethanol solution of N719 dye (Bu4N)2[Ru(dcbpyH)2(NCS)2] (Bu4N = tetrabutylammonium and dcbpy = dicarboxylbipyridine) (Solaronix Co., Ltd., Switzerland) for 15 h. | What is ? | 6961 |
{
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"1.02%"
]
} | 10.1039/C7TC04952H | PV devices with an inverted structure of ITO/Bi2S3/PbS/Au showed an inferior PCE (1.02%) but a superior FF of 51% (Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 22579 |
{
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"15.9%"
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA01681C | Devices with the TPA-2,7-FLTPA-TPA HTM yielded the highest efficiency of up to 17.1%, while the PCE of TPA-3,6-FLTPA-TPA based devices is found to be around 13.9% and the reference ones with the TaTm HTM displayed a PCE of 15.9%. | What is the value of PCE? | 9941 |
{
"answer_start": [
178
],
"text": [
"0.18 cm2"
]
} | 10.1039/C6SE00051G | Finally, a 100 nm thick silver top electrode was evaporated under high vacuum through a shadow mask to define two independent devices per substrate, presenting an active area of 0.18 cm2 each.Current density–voltage characteristics were measured under simulated solar emission provided by an AM1.5 G-filtered 1600 W Newport solar simulator. | What is the value of active area? | 27246 |
{
"answer_start": [
355
],
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.spmi.2016.09.020 | The planar perovskite solar cell based on the 596nm-thick CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx thin film gave the best PCE of 12.13% with Jsc of 19.12mAcm−2, Voc of 0.96V and FF of 0.66 and the average PCE of 11.90±0.49% with Jsc of 18.23±1.93mAcm−2, Voc of 0.98±0.04V and FF of 0.66±0.10at the relative humidity of 50–54% under the illumination of simulated AM 1.5 sunlight (100mWcm−2). | What is the value of illumination? | 25570 |
{
"answer_start": [
202
],
"text": [
"1.07 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C5EE03229F | The solar cell device fabricated using the perovskite thin film deposited with 1.0 wt% MAI-capped PbS nanoparticles demonstrated a PCE of 17.40%, the highest among the fabricated devices, with a Voc of 1.07 V, a Jsc of 21.12 mA cm−2, and an FF of 0.77. | What is the value of Voc? | 5878 |
{
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"SnO2"
]
} | 10.1039/C5EE02194D | In addition to the TiO2-based EEL, researchers have developed other low-T processable EELs such as ZnO nanoparticles, CdSe nanocrystals, SnO2, WOx, and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM).The first reported p–i–n type PHJ PrSCs (Section 3.1) achieved a PCE = 3.9% with the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3/PCBM/BCP/Al structure (Fig. | What is ITO? | 24518 |
{
"answer_start": [
43
],
"text": [
"14.1%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA00168H | The best-performing device showed a PCE of 14.1%, JSC of 19.7 mA cm−2, VOC of 1.05 V, and FF of 0.69. | What is the value of PCE? | 1613 |
{
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"0.739V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.070 | Reference DSSCs composed of platinized FTO CE, showed optimized photovoltaic performance with VOC (0.739V), JSC (15.415mAcm−2), FF (81.039%) and efficiency of 9.23%. | What is the value of VOC? | 24732 |
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"15.337mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.070 | Therefore, SCF-MWCNT coated FTO glass CEs showed higher VOC (0.772V), JSC (15.337mAcm−2), and FF (76.16%) with efficiency of 8.44%. | What is the value of JSC? | 10114 |
{
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"9.03mAcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.106 | When the concentration of TiCl4 solution was 0.2M, the Jsc and η increased with the treatment time increasing from 12 to 36h, the Jsc and η reached the maximum values 9.03mAcm−2 and 4.14±0.07% respectively. | What is the value of Jsc? | 28543 |
{
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"71.13%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apt.2019.07.023 | The Cell-P25 obtained Jsc of 10.19mAcm−2, Voc of 0.828V, FF of 71.13% and PCE of 6.00%. | What is the value of FF? | 29325 |
{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"0.38%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jechem.2015.10.016 | The bipyridylporphyrin ruthenium A7 exhibited the best cell performance among bipyridylporphyrin dye synthesized with Jsc, 1.33mA/cm2, Voc 0.45V, FF 0.64 and η 0.38% due to the higher Jsc, which may stem from the structure of A7 that had only one porphyrin unit. | What is the value of η? | 28453 |
{
"answer_start": [
63
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.004 | Pt-sputtering CE was prepared according to a reference A 12 μm TiO2 film was employed as a photoanode, and its fabrication was described in our precious study in detail Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Sirion FEG) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100F) were used to investigate the morphology of NiCo2S4 CE. | What is photoanode? | 34006 |
{
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"7.98±0.05%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.041 | DSSC with BCNTs as the electrocatalyst of the CE gave higher η values (7.17±0.11%), compared to that for the CE with pristine CNT (5.98±0.20%) and even achieved ∼90% performance of the cell with a Pt CE (7.98±0.05%), in which the BCNTs with 0.40at% boron doping level achieved the best performance, due to its higher electrocatalytic ability, lower charge transfer resistance, and better electronic conductivity. | What is the value of η? | 22506 |
{
"answer_start": [
358
],
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2016.12.027 | Compared to LP-6, the more significant molecular twist of LP-5 will decrease the effective conjugation length and weaken the charge transfer interaction, which explains the relatively blue-shifted absorption spectra of LP-5.LP-4, LP-5 and LP-6 were used to fabricate solar cells using an iodine electrolyte and measured under illumination condition (AM 1.5G 100mWcm−2). | What is the value of illumination? | 15539 |
{
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"0.92 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TA09845B | 7a, the control PVSC (prepared from the pristine PbI2 film) shows poor performance with Voc = 0.92 V, Jsc = 10.63 mA cm−2, FF = 0.46, and PCE = 4.52% (PCEavg = 3.86 ± 0.49%). | What is the value of Voc? | 7773 |
{
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"0.86%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA05644B | 4c presents the J–V behaviour of DSSC sensitized by the immersing method, where a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.44 mA cm−2 and η of 0.86% are demonstrated (see Table 1) with an immersing time of 40 minutes.Unlike the case of 6 μm thick ZnO electrodes, 10 μm thick ZnO electrodes sensitized by electrophoresis method show comparable photovoltaic performance with the standard immersing method. | What is the value of η? | 30752 |
{
"answer_start": [
186
],
"text": [
"11.0%"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA08772D | For the dark-blue mirror-like perovskite film-based device, a FF of 0.571 and PCE of 12.5% can be observed using the forward mode, while the forward scan yields a FF of 0.542 and PCE of 11.0% for the dark-brown perovskite solar cell. | What is the value of PCE? | 28962 |
{
"answer_start": [
23
],
"text": [
"Ag"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.051 | Finally, a 50 nm thick Ag electrode was thermally evaporated on the top of the HTM, affording a complete PSC device.The UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra of BChls-1, 2, and 3 in two forms, namely, as solids obtained by spin-coating on solid substrates (i.e., glass and FTO/cm-TiO2/me-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 substrates) and as monomers dissolved in THF, respectively, were recorded by using a Shimadzu UV-3100 spectrophotometer. | What is electrode? | 27093 |
{
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"1.23"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TC04381G | The films obtained through this method exhibited long-range electronic transport and the resulting solar cells exhibited PCEs up to 10.77% and a large open-circuit voltage of 1.23 V (Fig. | What is ? | 32835 |
{
"answer_start": [
86
],
"text": [
"15.4%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4EE00942H | Following these two tracks, fabulous JSC (>20 mA cm−1), VOC (>1 V) together with PCE (15.4%–15.9%) values have been achieved and the position of organometal halide perovskite in the field of photovoltaic industry has been consolidated (Fig. | What is the value of PCE? | 26038 |
{
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"5.2%"
]
} | 10.1039/C7NJ02847D | Further, we have fabricated a planar hetero-junction PSC device by employing GO/PEDOT:PSS as a hole transport layer; to our surprise, the PCE achieved an improvement of 5.2% compared to that of the other two devices (Table 1). | What is the value of PCE? | 32460 |
{
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"0.96 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR06362K | When the MAI solution concentration is at 6 mg ml−1, a photovoltage Voc of 0.96 V and photocurrent density Jsc of 18.3 mA cm−2 are measured from the device. | What is the value of Voc? | 32023 |
{
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"0.78V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144010 | It clearly shows a slight difference in the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of Pt CE (5.39mA.cm−2) and NiO@NiS@G CE (4.86mA.cm−2), but there is no much difference in open-circuit voltage (Voc) of Pt CE (0.78V), and NiO@NiS@G CE (0.76V) In this report, NiO@NiS and NiO@NiS@G nanocomposite were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. | What is the value of Voc? | 29479 |
{
"answer_start": [
145
],
"text": [
"0.02%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.149 | Nevertheless, the DSC based on the Co(OH)2 NSAs CE shows a much lower Jsc (1.12 mA cm−2), FF (0.10) and Voc (0.54), thus resulting in a low η of 0.02%. | What is the value of η? | 12404 |
{
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"0.75 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C4CP00298A | Device 4 applying PCBM (its LUMO level of −3.9 eV is higher than that of C60, −4.5 eV) as the acceptor and ITO-1 as the positive electrode exhibits a VOC of 0.75 V, a JSC of 4.8 mA cm−2, and a FF of 0.59, corresponding to a PCE of 2.12% under standard AM 1.5 simulated solar irradiation. | What is the value of VOC? | 25706 |
{
"answer_start": [
216
],
"text": [
"17.07%"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA10510C | A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.45% was obtained in organic-scaffold MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells (OPSCs), outperforming standard reference devices based on a TiO2 mesoporous scaffold (maximum PCE = 17.07%). | What is the value of PCE? | 18145 |
{
"answer_start": [
187
],
"text": [
"5"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.04.006 | Fabricated devices for the PoPD/MWNT composites prepared in 0.1 g/L MWNTs showed a photoresponse with an open-circuit voltage VOC of 479 mV and a short-circuit current density (ISC) of 0.572 mA/cm2 with the overall conversion efficiency of 0.13%, higher than those of the cell with only PoPD (i.e., ISC= 0.275 mA/cm2, VOC= 462 mV, FF = 0.35, η= 0.04%). | What material has VOC of 479 mV? | 34458 |
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"1.08 V"
]
} | 10.1039/C5NR06362K | The Voc value increases to 1.06 V and 1.08 V when the PbI2 films were dipped into higher concentration solutions of MAI, because of slower surface charge recombination.To further investigate the structures of perovskite embedded within the mesoporous film in mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, cross-sectional films of the MAPbI3/TiO2 nanocomposite were prepared via FIB liftout and imaged by TEM. | What is the value of Voc? | 30466 |
{
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"0.71V"
]
} | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.060 | Obviously, the performance of DSSC fabricated with PC CE demonstrates low FF and poor cell efficiency, compared with that using Pt/FTO CE (Jsc=15.02mA/cm2, Voc=0.71V, FF=0.68, η=7.28%). | What is the value of Voc? | 30556 |
{
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"0.9%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.008 | Unfortunately, the experimental 0.9% efficiency of the novel copper redox couple was far away from that obtained with control iodine-based cells (η = 1.7%), being mainly negatively affected by the lower photocurrent (Jsc=2.4 and 3.8 mA cm–2, respectively). | What is the value of η? | 33297 |
{
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"11.87±0.67%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.06.009 | The PSCs without an insulating layer exhibit an average Voc of 0.971±0.031V, Jsc of 20.60±1.67mAcm−2, FF of 0.593±0.037, and PCE of 11.87±0.67%. | What is the value of PCE? | 16306 |
{
"answer_start": [
55
],
"text": [
"Ag"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA08744A | The resulting PCEs are 11.4% and 8.3% for devices with Ag and hc-PEDOT:PSS electrodes, respectively (Table 1).To unravel the mystery of the PCBM:PEI mixture, we investigated the properties of the PCBM:PEI film from two types of devices (the device structures are shown in the insets of Fig. | What material has PCE of 11.4%? | 37087 |
{
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"13"
]
} | 10.1039/C0EE00406E | On the other hand, for optimized cell efficiencies, devices were made using 13 µm thick films consisting of a 9 µm layer of 20 nm TiO2nanoparticles (Dyesol© paste) and a 4 µm layer of 400 nm TiO2 particles (scatter layer). | What is TiO2? | 24235 |
{
"answer_start": [
297
],
"text": [
"100mWcm−2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2018.03.016 | The morphologies of the PbI2 and CH3NH3PbI3 films were investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM, HITACHI S-3000N, Japan) operated at 10kV.The current density-voltage (J-V) curves were measured using a Keithley 2400 Source Meter under the standard 1 sun AM 1.5G simulated irradiation (100mWcm−2) from a Newport 91160A 300W Solar Simulator (Class A) in a nitrogen-filled glove box. | What is the value of Solar? | 16795 |
{
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"11.7%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.01.002 | The devices achieve an average PCE of 11.7% (maximum PCE of 12.5%) with a Voc of 0.99V, a current-density (Jsc) of 16.1mAcm−2 and fill factor (FF) of 74%. | What is the value of PCE? | 24679 |
{
"answer_start": [
54
],
"text": [
"1 Sun"
]
} | 10.1039/C0EE00519C | The difference in VOC is even more pronounced under 0.1 Sun illumination (ca. | What is the value of illumination? | 24978 |
{
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"0.16 cm2"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA06889D | The photoactive area of 0.16 cm2 was defined by a black metal mask slightly larger than the active area to cut off stray light. | What is the value of active area? | 29234 |
{
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"83.06%"
]
} | 10.1039/C9TA01151J | A champion PCE as high as 10.03% was achieved for the P1Z1-tailored CsPbBr3 PSC with a Jsc of 7.652 mA cm−2, a Voc of 1.578 V, and a FF of 83.06%, and the PCE was much higher than the efficiency of inorganic CsPbBr3 PSCs with and without an intermediate energy level layer as reported in the recent literature. | What is the value of FF? | 21176 |
{
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"5.1%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solener.2014.10.008 | When irradiated with light at 100 mW cm−2, the DSSC containing the Flemion-based gel electrolyte with 0.6 M DMPII and 0.5 M TBP exhibited an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 4.1%, while η of the acetonitrile-based DSSC was 5.1%. | What is the value of η? | 31427 |
{
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"9.4%"
]
} | 10.1039/C4CS00309H | After structural optimization, Ito and co-workers developed an indoline organic dye, D205 (see Table 3), achieving an IPCE in the visible region of over 80% and η = 9.4%. | What is the value of η? | 10421 |
{
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"7.11%"
]
} | 10.1039/C8TA07180B | As a result, the DSSCs employing the B/T(4)PD photoanode achieve higher PCEs, which are 7.29% with the B/T(4)P+D photoanode and 7.11% with the B/T(4)P−D photoanode, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 5697 |
{
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"66%"
]
} | 10.1039/C9NJ02074H | The pure perovskite devices represented acceptable cell parameters including short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 17.90 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 66%, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.94 V and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.10%. | What is the value of FF? | 12174 |
{
"answer_start": [
248
],
"text": [
"0.45"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2014.10.018 | The dye impregnation process was performed in glass vials covered by an Al foil in order to keep dark conditions and to avoid contamination, for different time intervals between 30 min and 5 h.Iodine-free liquid electrolyte was prepared dissolving 0.45 M sodium iodide (NaI) and 0.55 M 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) in acetonitrile To produce the gel-polymer electrolyte, the previously prepared liquid solution was mixed with Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (PEO, Mn= 400,000 Da, 20 wt%). | What is liquid? | 11093 |
{
"answer_start": [
207
],
"text": [
"18.4%"
]
} | 10.1039/C6TC05081F | The device containing 75:25 PCBM:PNDI-2T exhibited slightly better efficiency (1.11 V Voc, 20.8 mA cm−2Jsc, 77.7% FF, and 17.9% η under forward scan conditions and 1.11 V Voc, 20.9 mA cm−2Jsc, 79.3% FF, and 18.4% η under reverse scan conditions; average η of 30 sample = 16.59 ± 1.13%). | What is the value of η? | 28277 |
{
"answer_start": [
170
],
"text": [
"Au"
]
} | 10.1039/C5CP01534K | Here, the total thickness of the device was observed to be about 450–500 nm, including a 300 nm-thick SnO2 MSC layer, 100–150 nm-thick spiro-OMeTAD layer and 50 nm-thick Au electrode.The SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/hole-transport layer (HTL)/Au and TiO2–SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTL/Au devices were examined under a simulated air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) solar irradiation and the active area of the electrode was set at 7 mm2. | What is electrode? | 12593 |
{
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"59.9%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.187 | After treating in SnCl4 solution, PCE of cl-SnO2 cell is substantially improved from 12.23% to 15.07% (23.2% increment), which is mainly due to significant increase in FF from 59.9% to 65.8%. | What is the value of FF? | 17002 |
{
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"ZnO"
]
} | 10.1039/C4RA17063F | Further adding the third layer, the DSSC based on the tri-layered ZnO photoanode (cell 3) exhibits the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency (3.21%) with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 536 mV, a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 10.0 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 59.6%. | What material has Voc of 536 mV? | 34750 |
{
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"5.27 mA/cm2"
]
} | 10.1016/j.physb.2017.07.065 | As the additive is increased the proportion of 3 vol%, the Voc is maintained at 0.94 V but the Jsc sharply decreases to 5.27 mA/cm2, the FF reduces to 56.3%, resulting in the final PCE of 2.79%.We demonstrated that the additive DIO has an important role for improving the quality of perovskite thin films. | What is the value of Jsc? | 7730 |
{
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"iodide/triiodide"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.08.014 | We also can see that all the HOMO levels of four dyes are more positive than the iodide/triiodide redox couple (∼0.42 V vs. | What is redox couple? | 27052 |
{
"answer_start": [
131
],
"text": [
"11.5%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.orgel.2016.08.009 | Accordingly, the optimized device with 50% MACl additive exhibits an average PCE of 13.9% in comparison with the reference device (11.5%). | What is the value of PCE? | 28598 |
{
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"10.07%"
]
} | 10.1039/C3TA15134D | For the cell (device E) with the KW2 dye the corresponding device parameters (JSC, VOC, FF, and PCE) were 18.90 mA cm−2, 0.725 V, 0.74, and 10.07%, respectively. | What is the value of PCE? | 26440 |
{
"answer_start": [
188
],
"text": [
"7.59%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.09.014 | These results indicate that FF values could be affected by the shape of photosensitizer.D1, SH-11, SH-12, SH-13, SH-14, and N719 dyes' η values were 5.51%, 5.57%, 3.85%, 5.29%, 6.01%, and 7.59%, respectively, under AM 1.5G irradiation (100mWcm−2) (). | What is the value of η? | 1439 |
{
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"60 s"
]
} | 10.1039/C5TA08262E | However, when the MAI loading time is increased to 60 s, the size of the crystal is significantly increased with the largest lateral dimension more than 1 μm. | What is the value of time? | 6325 |
{
"answer_start": [
68
],
"text": [
"TiO2"
]
} | 10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00564-0 | In a number of experiments, it is also shown that a flexible porous TiO2 film can be established by a press nip at a speed of 1 m/s which means a tremendous improvement of production efficiency if such a processing step could be integrated in a continuous production line for DNSC cells.The press technique opens up possibilities to control the film consolidation process. | What is ? | 33631 |
{
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"11.4%"
]
} | 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.05.004 | The sample modified by 10 mM Sr2+ manifests the best performance with an average PCE of 11.4% and a short-circuit current density up to 17.1 mA cm−2. | What is the value of PCE? | 24497 |