Problem: p02365
Buggy submission (Python3, verdict: Wrong Answer):
from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import chain

nv, ne, r = map(int, input().split())

in_edges = defaultdict(set)
out_edges = defaultdict(set)
while ne:
    s, t, w = map(int, input().split())
    in_edges[t].add((w, s))
    out_edges[s].add((w, t))
    ne -= 1


def chu_liu_edmond(vertices):
    global in_edges, out_edges, nv, r

    total_cost = 0
    prev_v = {v: None for v in vertices}
    next_vs = {v: set() for v in vertices}

    for t in vertices:
        if t == r:
            continue
        min_in_w, min_in_s = min(in_edges[t])
        total_cost += min_in_w
        prev_v[t] = min_in_s
        next_vs[min_in_s].add(t)

    visited = {r}
    queue = set(next_vs[r])
    while queue:
        t = queue.pop()
        visited.add(t)
        queue.update(next_vs[t])

    cycles = []
    for i in vertices:
        if i in visited:
            continue

        cycle_vertices = set()
        while i not in visited:
            visited.add(i)
            cycle_vertices.add(i)
            i = prev_v[i]

        
        if i not in cycle_vertices:
            continue

        
        cycle_vertices, j = {i}, prev_v[i]
        while j != i:
            cycle_vertices.add(j)
            j = prev_v[j]

        cycles.append(cycle_vertices)

    if not cycles:
        return total_cost

    for cycle in cycles:
        vertices.difference_update(cycle)
        vertices.add(nv)

        for v in cycle:
            for w, t in out_edges[v]:
                if t in vertices:
                    out_edges[nv].add((w, t))
                    in_edges[t].remove((w, v))
                    in_edges[t].add((w, nv))
            for w, s in in_edges[v]:
                if s in vertices:
                    new_w = w + min(in_edges[v])[0]
                    in_edges[nv].add((new_w, s))
                    out_edges[s].remove((w, v))
                    out_edges[s].add((new_w, nv))
            del in_edges[v]
            del out_edges[v]

        nv += 1

    return chu_liu_edmond(vertices)


print(chu_liu_edmond(set(range(nv))))

Failing test case input:
6 10 0
0 2 7
0 0 0
0 3 5
1 4 0
2 1 6
1 3 2
3 1 3
4 0 2
1 5 8
2 3 3

Expected output:
21


Actual output:
20


Fixed submission (verdict: Accepted):
from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import chain

nv, ne, r = map(int, input().split())

in_edges = defaultdict(set)
out_edges = defaultdict(set)
while ne:
    s, t, w = map(int, input().split())
    in_edges[t].add((w, s))
    out_edges[s].add((w, t))
    ne -= 1


def chu_liu_edmond(vertices, cycle_cost):
    global in_edges, out_edges, nv, r

    total_cost = cycle_cost
    prev_v = {v: None for v in vertices}
    next_vs = {v: set() for v in vertices}

    for t in vertices:
        if t == r:
            continue
        min_in_w, min_in_s = min(in_edges[t])
        total_cost += min_in_w
        prev_v[t] = min_in_s
        next_vs[min_in_s].add(t)

    visited = {r}
    queue = set(next_vs[r])
    while queue:
        t = queue.pop()
        visited.add(t)
        queue.update(next_vs[t])

    cycles = []
    for i in vertices:
        if i in visited:
            continue

        cycle_vertices = set()
        while i not in visited:
            visited.add(i)
            cycle_vertices.add(i)
            i = prev_v[i]

        
        if i not in cycle_vertices:
            continue

        
        cycle_vertices, j = {i}, prev_v[i]
        while j != i:
            cycle_vertices.add(j)
            j = prev_v[j]

        cycles.append(cycle_vertices)

    if not cycles:
        return total_cost

    for cycle in cycles:
        vertices.difference_update(cycle)
        vertices.add(nv)

        for v in cycle:
            prev_e_cost = min(in_edges[v])[0]
            cycle_cost += prev_e_cost
            for w, t in out_edges[v]:
                if t in vertices:
                    out_edges[nv].add((w, t))
                    in_edges[t].remove((w, v))
                    in_edges[t].add((w, nv))
            for w, s in in_edges[v]:
                if s in vertices:
                    new_w = w - prev_e_cost
                    in_edges[nv].add((new_w, s))
                    out_edges[s].remove((w, v))
                    out_edges[s].add((new_w, nv))
            del in_edges[v]
            del out_edges[v]

        nv += 1

    return chu_liu_edmond(vertices, cycle_cost)


print(chu_liu_edmond(set(range(nv)), 0))