标题：着生捕虫堇
Abstract
This paper describes and illustrates a new  species of Pinguicula L. from the central region of Cuba: Pinguicula lithophytica C.  Panfet-Valdés & P. Temple. The new species is included in the section Agnata, subgenus Isoloba, with morphological relationship to Pinguicula jackii Barnhart. This  is only the second species of Pinguicula to have been found in the Macizo mountains of  the Escambray, in Cienfuegos Province, growing on calcareous rock at an  altitude exceeding 600 metres above sea level.
Introduction
A previous reference to this species exists  within the original description of P. jackii Barnhart (Barnhart, 1931). The author made  reference to “two species” that were found in Santa Clara Province, Cuba, one  of which was P. jackii and  the other of which he described as “probably merely the long-known P. albida of Wright, but with the  white corollas sometimes showing a narrow margin of color”. There is no  evidence that P. albida,  typically a lowland species, does or can live at the relatively high (for the  Caribbean) altitude at which P. jackii is found, P. albida requiring  high day and night temperatures and high humidity at all times during the  annual’s short life.
Between 1995 and 1997 various expeditions  were mounted into different regions of Cuba to study the carnivorous plants of  that country (Temple & Panfet-Valdés 1998). Prior to the expeditions, the  herbarium of the National Botanic Gardens in Havana was searched for evidence  of herbarium vouchers referencing material of Pinguicula, as well as other carnivorous genera, but few records were found,  in particular very few for P. jackii. None of the few herbarium vouchers that were found for P. jackii were recent. Therefore,  one motive for mounting the expeditions was to relocate Pinguicula jackii. While  searching areas likely to support P. jackii, we were surprised to encounter a Pinguicula that did not correspond  to the characteristics of P. jackii and which we considered to be a new species (see Figures 2, 3). This  is probably the same species that Barnhart referred to but which he never  described and for which herbarium vouchers are not known to exist.
This new species is remarkable for the  presence of glandular hairs on the underside of the leaves (see Back Cover), a  feature shared with few other Pinguicula species.
Pinguicula lithophytica C. Panfet-Valdés & P. Temple, spec. nov.
Herba annua vel biennis. Rhizoma simplex  brevis radicibus adventitiis filiformibus. Folia 7-12, rosulam basalem 10-14 cm  diametro in solo adpressam formantia, carnosa, 5-7 cm longa, 3-4 cm lata,  pallida flavoviridia, obovata, ad apicem obtusa vel rotundata, cuneata basi,  pagina superiore pilis glanduliferis sessilis vel stipitatis dense tecta,  pagina inferiore pilis glanduliferis stipitatis parce tecta, margine  integerrimo, involuto. Scapi 1-3, erecti, 3-14 cm alti, pallidi flavo-virides,  pilis glanduliferis stipitatis tecti, flore solitario. Flos 1-1.5 cm longus  (calcari incluso), pallidus flavo-virens, bilabiatus. Calyx 0.2-0.4 cm longus,  lobis oblongatis, ad apicem obtusis, pilis glanduliferis stipitatis tectis non  nisi extus. Corolla 2 cm diametro, campanulata, alba sed inter bases loborum et  calcaris lutea, lineis longitudinalibus brunneis ad calcarem evanidis, palato  carens; labio inferiore profunde trilobo, lobi suborbiculari vel spathulato  rotundato ad apicem, inferiore medio lobo majore quam duo aequalibus lobis  lateralibus; lobi duo superiores quam lobi duo inferiores laterales grandiores,  suborbiculares vel late obovati, faux tubusque corollae interior pilis  cylindricis pluricellulis dense tecti pilis claviformis cylindricis basi  conicis amplitudine numeroque versus calcar decrescentibus mixtis, calcar  trichomatibus capitatis cellulus basalibus elongates. Calcar 0.5 cm longum, cylindricum,  descendens, complanatum plus minusve dorso-ventraliter, bifidum plus minusve,  ad apicem rotundum, pilis glanduliferis stipitatis ad apicem dispersis, pagina  scapum adversa pilis carens, tubo corollae angulum obtusum (ad 110°-120°)  faciens. Stamina curva, duobus filamentis complanatis. Ovarium ovoideum. Stigma  bilabiata, inferiore labio quam superiore labio majore, crenata. Capsula  ovoidea. Semina numerosa.
Perennial herb, rhizome short, with filiform adventitious roots; leaves 7-12,  fleshy, 5-7 × 3-4 cm, pale green-yellowish, obovate, obtuse  with rounded apex, base cuneate, upper surface densely covered with sessile and  stalked glandular hairs, lower surface sparsely covered with stalked glandular  hairs, margin entire, involute, forming a basal rosette of 10-14 cm diameter,  lying flat on the ground. Scapes 1-3, erect, 3-14 cm tall, pale  green-yellowish, covered with stalked hairy glands, one-flowered. Flower 1-1.5  cm long (spur included), pale green-yellowish, two lipped. Calyx 0.2-0.4cm  long, lobes oblong, apex obtuse, covered with stalked glandular hairs only on  the outer face. Corolla 2 cm diameter, bell-like, white, yellow between lobe bases  and spur, with longitudinal brown lines fading toward the spur, without a  palate; deeply trilobed inferior lip, suborbicular to spatulate, rounded at  apex, lower central lobe larger than the two equal lateral lobes; bilobed upper  lip, upper two lobes larger than the lower two lateral lobes, suborbicular to  widely obovate, throat and internal half of corolla tube densely covered with  cylindrical pluricellular hairs, mixed with claviform cylindrical hairs with  conical base that diminish in size and decrease in numbers towards the spur. Spur  0.5 cm long, descendent, cylindrical, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened,  slightly bifid, apex rounded, forming an obtuse angle (110-120°) with relation  to the tube of the corolla, with dispersed stalked glandular hairs towards the  apex, hairs absent on the face opposing the scape, with capitate trichomas the  basal cells of which are elongated. Stamens, curved, with two flattened  filaments. Ovary ovoid. Stigma bilabial, inferior lip greater than the superior  one, crenate. Capsule ovoid. Seeds numerous.
1Pinguicula  lithophytica is described as a short lived perennial.  However, further studies will be necessary to determine if the plant is such or  an annual/biennual.Holotype: Cuba. Cienfuegos. San Blas, El  Sopapo, Los Tornos. C. Panfet, P. Temple, J. Gutiérrez. No.  71790. (HAJB). 28 February 1995.
Taxonomy: In accordance with Casper (1966),  this species belongs in the section Homophyllum, of the subgenus Pinguicula. According to a phylogenetic restructuring by Cieslak et al. (2005), the new species would be assigned  to section Agnata,  subgenus Isoloba. Pinguicula lithophytica C. Panfet  & P. Temple is closely related to but is not a variety of P. jackii Barnhart as  demonstrated by the features that are compared in Table 1.
Distribution: Endemic. Central Cuba, located  in the province of Cienfuegos, in the Macizo Mountains of the Escambray (see  Figure 1).
Habitat: Generally growing on almost vertical  slopes of calcareous rock that are the remains of elevated Karst formations, very  degraded and eroded by seeping water, that had been semi-deciduous forest, with  a northwest aspect, at an altitude of 725 metres above sea level.
Conservation concerns: The only known  population of the plant occurs in an area that is surrounded by coffee  cultivation and that has suffered much change as a result of human activity. 
Etymology: This species has been given the  name Pinguicula lithophytica because it grows on calcareous rock.
Acknowledgments: Cristina M. Panfet-Valdés’  contribution to this work was supported by Kew Latin America Research  Fellowships KLARF (Programme), Andrew W. Mellon Latin America Botanical  Fellowship (RBG Kew, UK), 2005. Paul Temple’s contribution to this work was  assisted by the National Botanical Garden of Cuba and in particular by the  Director, Doctor Angela Leiva Sanchez and her staff, especially for their  assistance in enabling expeditions within Cuba. No plant material was removed  and no wild locations were visited without all appropriate permissions, that  were obtained by the National Botanical Garden of Cuba. All visits to wild locations  were supervised by members of the National Botanical Garden of Cuba and, where necessary,  by other officials. Both authors wish to also express their thanks to Barry  Rice and to the referee of this paper for their assistance with its  publication.