标题：乞沙比克猎犬
起源
探究切萨皮克湾寻猎犬起源于英格兰，但关于它的发展没有完全和可靠的记载。但这儿所描述的它的育种起源可能是正确的，并且到目前来说，这种描述也是被大多数人所接受的。 
  乞沙比克猎犬(图1)1807年，一艘英国双桅横帆船在美国马里兰州海岸失事，船员和货物被美国船“conton”号救起，同时也救出两头纽芬兰幼犬：一头较脏的红色小公犬叫“水手”，一头黑色的小母犬叫“conton”，这是被营救后所起的名字，并将它们作为礼物送给了一位对失事船员非常友好的绅士。虽然我们不知道“水手”和“conton”这两头犬是否曾经在一起交配过，但当时用来狩猎的许多平常的犬与它们进行杂交繁殖。逐渐地，其他远亲犬种也被用来与它们进行杂交繁殖。所有这些犬中，英国的猎獭犬被声称是最有影响的犬种之一。但是，如此杂交完全可能产生不同的结果，因为切萨皮克湾寻猎犬没有表现出追踪的猎犬能力。如果当时一些繁育方法被有目的地采用了，那么可能是平毛猎犬卷毛寻回犬进行了最重要的远亲杂交繁育。
到AKC在1884年成立时，一个明确的切萨皮克湾寻猎犬种类已经形成，并以在狂暴冷冰的切萨皮克湾海水中的杰出表现而闻名。这些犬经常被要求在一天内从海湾水中猎取100～200只水鸭。一个名为Anthony Bliss的人在他的养犬历史中注意到，这种类型的犬和现在的切萨皮克湾寻猎犬之间有几点不同。其一，这种犬被发现只有一种颜色——暗褐色，渐变成一种淡红的莎草色(在美国中西部流行的一种晦暗的草色)。还有头部更倾向于楔形物状，而且被毛更长更厚。  乞沙比克猎犬(图2)今天，在1918年成立的美国切萨皮克湾寻猎犬俱乐部的领导下，这一犬种活跃在AKC比赛的所有领域中。这个俱乐部在1932年举行了第一次获许可狩猎犬的删试，最近几年这一活动已逐渐在展示比赛、服从和追踪测试中变得重要。至今，切萨皮克湾寻猎犬仍然是一种不平常的水猎犬，而且是某些俱乐部争论的议题。工作犬俱乐部(wD)或优秀犬俱乐部(WDX)已为通过陆地和水中猎取检验的该犬种颁发了证书。
整体外貌
切萨皮克湾寻猎犬在陆地和水中具有同样的狩猎技能，它的发展是因为经常沿着切萨皮克海湾在非常不利的气候和水下捕猎水禽。在复杂艰辛的捕猎期间，时常需打破坚冰进行作业。这期间它们必须面对风浪和长时间在冰冷的水中游水。这就要求切萨皮克湾寻猎犬能较容易、高效率发挥这种需要耐力的狩猎功能。该犬种的头骨宽而圆，颔部长而直，适合衔起较大的猎物：双层的被毛由短、粗糙、呈波浪形的外层被毛和质密、纤细，似羊毛的内层被毛组成。内层被毛含有丰富的自然油脂，极适合在冰冷、恶劣的气候条件下狩猎。该犬种体格强壮，具有平稳且充满力量的体形结构；合适的体积；中等长度的体长和腿长；深而宽的胸部；自由活动的双肩。犬的整体结构特征没有任何脆弱的趋势，尤其后部，这种体形结构会减少犬的体力浪费在其灵活性和耐力上。这种犬的大小和其他重要部分决不过分。因为这正是一头能力型猎犬应具有的积极品质。
区别
这一犬种区别于其他犬种的特征有：双眼清澈透明，黄色或淡黄色；后躯等高或稍高于双肩，双层的被毛只分布在双肩、颈部、背部和腰部。切萨皮克湾寻猎犬的价值在于其色彩鲜明，性情愉快，聪明，非常优秀的感官和有保护愿望的特性。  乞沙比克猎犬(图3)作为一头猎犬或伙伴，过分害羞或富有攻击性，对这一犬种来说，都是不符合要求的。
标准
体高公犬一般为58.4～66.0厘米；母犬一般为53.3～61.0厘米。体积过大或过小的犬在展示比赛中都处于不利地位。比例——体高(从肩胛骨上缘到地面)应稍短于它的体长(从胸骨到臀部后高点)。胸深至少应延伸到肘部。肩到肘部和肘部到地面的长度应是相等的。体重——公犬应为29.48～36.29千克，母犬应为24.95～31.75千克。头部切萨皮克湾寻猎犬具有聪颖的表情。眼睛——中等大小，非常清晰明澈，黄色或淡黄色，视角宽广。耳朵——较小，适合地位于头上，松弛下垂。头骨——宽而圆，中等大小，微平顶。鼻子——中等长短。口鼻部——近似等长于头骨，逐渐变细、变尖，但不尖锐。嘴唇——薄，但不下垂。咬合——上下齿呈完美的剪式咬合，但对一个平面式咬台也是可以接受的。咬合不整是不符合标准的。颈部，背中线和躯干  乞沙比克猎犬(图4)颈部——中等长度，肌肉强健发达，到双肩逐渐变细。背中线——显示出后躯等高或双肩稍高；背部——短，接合紧凑，充满力量。胸部——强壮，深而宽，肋骨呈圆桶状。躯干——中等长度，既不下塌也不呈弧形，由于肋腹适当上缩，从下面看躯干接近于凹陷。尾巴——中等长度，在尾根部适当放粗，呈直形或稍曲，但不弯向背部或扭向一边。前躯不会给人一种脆弱的感觉。双肩——有适当倾斜，可以自由活动，有充足的力量，无任何活动限制。前肢——呈中等长度，而且笔直，显示出完好的骨骼和肌肉。系部稍弯曲，中等长度。前肢的狼爪可以去掉。脚部——大小适中，似野兔形，有蹼，脚趾紧凑似圆形。后躯后躯尤其需要强壮而有力，以便游水时驱动有力。后肢——中等长度，呈直形，并显示出完好的骨髂和肌肉。膝关节——呈合适的角度。从跗关节到地面的距离应是中等长度。当从犬体前或体后观察犬时，后肢看起来是直的。如果有狼爪必须去掉。后肢上附有狼爪是不符合标准的。  乞沙比克猎犬(图5)被毛 
被毛厚而短，长度不应超过3.8厘米，有致密纤细的羊毛样下层被毛。面部和四肢毛发短而直，只有双肩、颈部、背部和腰部毛发呈卷曲状态。后躯背部和尾部有适度的毛发是容许的。切萨皮克湾寻猎犬被毛的质地是非常重要的，因为这种犬需要在各种不利的天气条件下，如冰雪里捕捉猎物。粗糙的外层被毛和下层被毛中的油脂，在阻止冷水到达皮肤及干燥体表水分方面具有极重要的意义。切萨皮克湾寻猎犬的被毛在抵抗水方面与鸭子羽毛的作用是一样的，当该种犬离开水并抖动时，它的被毛不会沾有水。
全身被毛卷曲或有卷曲的趋势都是不符合标准的。尾部和四肢上的毛发超过4.5厘米长也是不符合标准的。颜色切萨皮克湾寻猎犬的被毛颜色尽可能与它生活的环境相似。褐色、莎草色或枯草色都是可以接受的，自我保护色是受人喜爱的。一种颜色并不是一定就受人喜爱，胸部、腹部、脚趾或脚背上白色斑点是允许的，而且斑点越小越好。纯颜色的犬是受人喜爱的。专家判定犬在静止中或在表演场被毛的颜色和质地将会被重点考虑。光荣的伤疤在展示比赛上不会受到不利影响。
不符合标准的颜色：黑颜色，除了胸部、脚部、脚趾或脚背外，身体任何部位上出现白颜色都不符合标准的。步态步态平稳、自由，给人一种精力充沛、充满力量的印象。当我们从旁边观察时，有一个合适的体形，前躯活动无限制，后部有足够的驱动力，具有灵活的膝关节和跗关节。从前面观察，不应有肘部向外的迹象。从后部观察不应有母牛似的跗关节迹象。当奔跑的速度不断增加时，四足应趋于一条中线上。性情  乞沙比克猎犬(图6)切萨皮克湾寻猎犬性情聪明、快乐，并带有智慧的表情。勇敢，乐于工作，机警，喜欢水。性情在选种和育种上是主要考虑的方面。失格条件缺乏种犬的特征。
牙齿超过或低于标准值。
后肢上有狼爪。
全身毛发卷曲或有卷曲的趋势。
尾部或四肢上毛发超过4.5厘米。
黑颜色。
除了胸部，腹部、趾部或脚部外，身体其他部位有白颜色。
对被毛和平衡性的要求，超过其他任何标准。切萨皮克湾寻猎犬应该有合适的比例，一个犬种应具有特征性的被毛和良好的协调性。与其他某些犬种相比，既有自己的优点，也有自己的不足。评分标准得分点 满分
头部(包括嘴唇，耳朵和眼睛) 16
颈部 4
双肩和躯干 12
后躯和膝关节 12
肘部、四肢和脚 12
颜色 4
臀部和尾部 10
被毛和质地 18
一般形态 12
总计 100
近似尺度标准(厘米)
头长，鼻到枕骨部 24.1～25.4
耳周长 50.8～53.3
眼下口鼻部长 25.4～26.7
耳长 11.4—12.7
两眼之间宽 6.4—7.0
近肩部脖颈的周长 50.8～55.9
肋腹部周长 61.0～63.5
枕骨部到尾根部的长 86.4～88.9
肩下前臂的周长 25.4～26.7
大腿部周长 48.3—50.8
两耳根之间长 12.7—15.2
枕骨到肩胛骨上缘长 22.9～24.1
双肘间宽 63.5～66.0 
1993年11月9日批准
1993午12月31日生效
英文介绍
General Appearance
Equally proficient on land and in the water, the Chesapeake Bay Retriever was developed along the Chesapeake Bay to hunt waterfowl under the most adverse weather and water conditions, often having to break ice during the course of many strenuous multiple retrieves. Frequently the Chesapeake must face wind, tide and long cold swims in its work. The breeds characteristics are specifically suited to enable the Chesapeake to function with ease, efficiency and endurance. In head, the Chesapeakes skull is broad and round with a medium stop. The jaws should be of sufficient length and strength to carry large game birds with an easy, tender hold. The double coat consists of a short, harsh, wavy outer coat and a dense, fine, wooly undercoat containing an abundance of natural oil and is ideally suited for the icy rugged conditions of weather the Chesapeake often works in. In body, the Chesapeake is a strong, well-balanced, powerfully built animal of moderate size and medium length in body and leg, deep and wide in chest, the shoulders built with full liberty of movement, and with no tendency to weakness in any feature, particularly the rear. The power though, should not be at the expense of agility or stamina. Size and substance should not be excessive as this is a working retriever of an active nature.
Distinctive features include eyes that are very clear, of yellowish or amber hue, hindquarters as high or a trifle higher than the shoulders, and a double coat which tends to wave on shoulders, neck, back and loins only.
The Chesapeake is valued for its bright and happy disposition, intelligence, quiet good sense, and affectionate protective nature. Extreme shyness or extreme aggressive tendencies are not desirable in the breed either as a gun dog or companion.
Disqualifications: Specimens that are lacking in breed characteristics should be disqualified.
Size, Proportion, Substance 
Height--Males should measure 23 to 26 inches; females should measure 21 to 24 inches. Oversized or undersized animals are to be severely penalized. Proportion--Height from the top of the shoulder blades to the ground should be slightly less than the body length from the breastbone to the point of buttocks. Depth of body should extend at least to the elbow. Shoulder to elbow and elbow to ground should be equal. Weight--Males should weigh 65 to 80 pounds; females should weigh 55 to 70 pounds. 
Head 
The Chesapeake Bay Retriever should have an intelligent expression. Eyes are to be medium large, very clear, of yellowish or amber color and wide apart. Ears are to be small, set well up on the head, hanging loosely, and of medium leather. Skull is broad and round with a medium stop. Nose is medium short. Muzzle is approximately the same length as the skull, tapered, pointed but not sharp. Lips are thin, not pendulous. Bite--Scissors is preferred, but a level bite is acceptable.
Disqualifications: Either undershot or overshot bites are to be disqualified.
Neck, Topline, Body 
Neck should be of medium length with a strong muscular appearance, tapering to the shoulders. Topline should show the hindquarters to be as high as or a trifle higher than the shoulders. Back should be short, well coupled and powerful. Chest should be strong, deep and wide. Rib cage barrel round and deep. Body is of medium length, neither cobby nor roached, but rather approaching hollowness from underneath as the flanks should be well tucked up. Tail of medium length; medium heavy at the base. The tail should be straight or slightly curved and should not curl over back or side kink. 
Forequarters 
There should be no tendency to weakness in the forequarters. Shoulders should be sloping with full liberty of action, plenty of power and without any restrictions of movement. Legs should be medium in length and straight, showing good bone and muscle. Pasterns slightly bent and of medium length. The front legs should appear straight when viewed from front or rear. Dewclaws on the forelegs may be removed. Well webbed hare feet should be of good size with toes well-rounded and close.
Hindquarters 
Good hindquarters are essential. They should show fully as much power as the forequarters. There should be no tendency to weakness in the hindquarters. Hindquarters should be especially powerful to supply the driving power for swimming. Legs should be medium length and straight, showing good bone and muscle. Stifles should be well angulated. The distance from hock to ground should be of medium length. The hind legs should look straight when viewed from the front or rear. Dewclaws, if any, must be removed from the hind legs.
Disqualifications: Dewclaws on the hind legs are a disqualification.
Coat 
Coat should be thick and short, nowhere over 1&frac12; inches long, with a dense fine wooly undercoat. Hair on the face and legs should be very short and straight with a tendency to wave on the shoulders, neck, back and loins only. Moderate feathering on rear of hindquarters and tail is permissible. 
The texture of the Chesapeakes coat is very important, as the Chesapeake is used for hunting under all sorts of adverse weather conditions, often working in ice and snow. The oil in the harsh outer coat and wooly undercoat is of extreme value in preventing the cold water from reaching the Chesapeakes skin and aids in quick drying. A Chesapeakes coat should resist the water in the same way that a ducks feathers do. When the Chesapeake leaves the water and shakes, the coat should not hold water at all, being merely moist. 
Disqualifications: A coat that is curly or has a tendency to curl all over the body must be disqualified. Feathering on the tail or legs over 1&frac34; inches long must be disqualified.
Color
The color of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever must be as nearly that of its working surroundings as possible. Any color of brown, sedge or deadgrass is acceptable, self-colored Chesapeakes being preferred. One color is not to be preferred over another. A white spot on the breast, belly, toes, or back of the feet (immediately above the large pad) is permissible, but the smaller the spot the better, solid colored preferred. The color of the coat and its texture must be given every consideration when judging on the bench or in the ring. Honorable scars are not to be penalized.
Disqualifications: Black colored; white on any part of the body except breast, belly, toes, or back of feet must be disqualified
Gait 
The gait should be smooth, free and effortless, giving the impression of great power and strength. When viewed from the side, there should be good reach with no restrictions of movement in the front and plenty of drive in the rear, with good flexion of the stifle and hock joints. Coming at you, there should be no sign of elbows being out. When the Chesapeake is moving away from you, there should be no sign of cowhockness from the rear. As speed increases, the feet tend to converge toward a center line of gravity.
Temperament 
The Chesapeake Bay Retriever should show a bright and happy disposition with an intelligent expression. Courage, willingness to work, alertness, nose, intelligence, love of water, general quality and, most of all, disposition should be given primary consideration in the selection and breeding of the Chesapeake Bay Retriever.
Disqualifications:
Specimens lacking in breed characteristics. 
Teeth overshot or undershot. 
Dewclaws on the hind legs. 
Coat curly or with a tendency to curl all over the body. 
Feathering on the tail or legs over 1&frac34; inches long.
Black colored.
White on any part of the body except breast, belly, toes, or back of feet. 
The question of coat and general type of balance takes precedence over any scoring table which could be drawn up. The Chesapeake should be well proportioned, an animal with a good coat and well balanced in other points being preferable to one excelling in some but weak in others. 
Positive Scale of Points 
Head, including lips, ears and eyes 16 
Neck 4 
Shoulders and body 12 
Hindquarters and stifles 12 
Elbows, legs and feet 12 
Color 4
Stern and tail 10 
Coat and texture 18 
General conformation 12 
Total 100 
Approximate Measurements Inches
Length head, nose to occiput 9&frac12; to 10 
Girth at ears 20 to 21 
Muzzle below eyes 10 to 10&frac12; 
Length of ears 4&frac12; to 5 
Width between eyes 2&frac12; to 2&frac34; 
Girth neck close to shoulder 20 to 22 
Girth at flank 24 to 25 
Length from occiput to tail base 34 to 35 
Girth forearms at shoulders 10 to 10&frac12; 
Girth upper thigh 19 to 20 
From root to root of ear, over skull 5 to 6 
Occiput to top shoulder blades 9 to 9&frac12; 
From elbow to elbow over the shoulders 25 to 26 
Approved November 9, 1993
Effective December 31, 1993