标题：事务处理概念与技术(英文版)
内容简介
《事务处理概念与技术(英文版)》重点放在事务处理的基本概念上，主要阐述事务概念是如何用于解决分布式系统问题的，以及利用这些概念如何能够在有限的资金和风险范围内建立高性能、高可用性的应用系统。全书重点讲述了事务处理基础、容错基础知识、面向事务的计算、并发控制、恢复、事务型文件系统、系统概览等7个主题，介绍了事务的ACID特性、并发的理论和实践、事务管理和恢复技术等方面的内容，最后还介绍了一个非常重要的资源管理器的实现。
作者简介
JimGray，（1944-2007）计算机科学大师，因在数据库和事务处理研究和实现方面的开创性贡献而获得1998年图灵奖。美国科学院、工程院两院院士，ACM和IEEE两会会士：他25岁成为加州大学伯克利分校计算机科学学院第一位博士。在IBM工作期间参与和主持了IMS、SystemR、SQUDS、DB2等项目的开发。后任职于微软研究院．主要关注应用数据库技术来处理各学科的海量信息。2007年1月独自驾船出海后失踪。
编辑推荐
事务处理广泛应用于数据库和操作系统等领域，对构建高性能、并发、分布式的可靠现代计算机系统至关重要。《事务处理概念与技术(英文版)》是被誉为“事务处理圣经”的经典名著，由图灵奖得主JimGray和世界数据库权威AndreasReuter合著，是两位大师数十年学术研究和实践经验的结晶。
《事务处理概念与技术(英文版)》的组织和叙述方法独树一帜，作者将事务作为统一的概念框架．由此出发，笔锋所至，纵横开阖，引导读者从系统实现者的角度．全面深入地审视了计算机系统的方方面面．不仅阐述理论，而且针对各种实际问题，详细解释出现的原因，讲述大量已经在成功的商业和研究项目中经过验证、行之有效的事务处理实现技术，并提供了丰富的C语言代码。书中处处闪烁着作者对计算机系统的渊博学识和真知灼见，无论你是程序员、架构师、数据库管理员，还是科研人员和高校师生，都将从《事务处理概念与技术(英文版)》中获益匪浅。
目录
Contents
PARTONE——TheBasicsofTransactionProcessing
1　INTRODUCTION　3
1.1　HistoricalPerspective　3
1.2　WhatIsaTransacUonProcessingSystem？　5
1.2.1　TheEndUser'sViewofaTransactionProcessingSystem　8
1.2.2　TheAdministrator/Operator'sViewofaTPSystem　9
1.2.3　ApplicationDesigner'sViewofaTPSystem　12
1.2.4　TheResourceManager'sViewofaTPSystem　18
1.2.5　TPSystemCoreServices　21
1.3ATransactionProcessingSystemFeatureList　22　
1.3.1　ApplicationDevelopmentFeatures　22
1.3.2　RepositoryFeatures　23
1.3.3　TPMonitorFeatures　26
1.3.4　DataCommunicationsFeatures　29
1.3.5　DatabaseFeatures　33
1.3.6　OperationsFeatures　39
1.3.7　EducationandTestingFeatures　40
1.3.8　FeatureSummary　41
1.4　Summary　42
1.5　HistoricalNotes　43
Exercises　44
Answers　46
2　BASICCOMPUTERSCIENCETERMINOLOGY　47
2.1　Introduction　47
2.1.1　Units　47
2.2　BasicHardware　48
2.2.1　Memories　49
2.2.2　Processors　57
2.2.3　CommunicationsHardware　58
2.2.4　HardwareArchitectures　59
2.3　BasicSoftware——AddressSpaces,Processes,Sessions　62
2.3.1　AddressSpaces　62
2.3.2　Processes,ProtectionDomains,andThreads　63
2.3.3　MessagesandSessions　66
2.4　GenericSystemIssues　67
2.4.1　ClientsandServers　67
2.4.2　Naming　69
2.4.3　Authentication　70
2.4.4　Authorization　71
2.4.5　SchedulingandPerformance　72
2.4.6　Summary　74
2.5　Files　74
2.5.1　FileOperations　74
2.5.2　FileOrganizations　75
2.5.3　DistributedFiles　77
2.5.4　SQL　78
2.6　SoftwarePerformance　78
2.7　TransactionProcessingStandards　80
2.7.1　PortabilityversusInteroperabilityStandards　80
2.7.2　APIsandFAPs　80
2.7.3　LU6.2,adefactoStandard　82
2.7.4　OSI-TPwithX/OpenDTP,adejureStandard　83
2.8　Summary　85
Exercises　86
Answers　88
PARTTWO——TheBasicsofFaultTolerance
3　FAULTTOLERANCE　93
3.1　Introduction　93
3.1.1　ACrashCourseinSimpleProbability　93
3.1.2　AnExternalViewofFaultTolerance　95
3.2　Definitions　98
3.2.1　Fault,Failure,Availability,Reliability　98
3.2.2　TaxonomyofFaultAvoidanceandFaultTolerance　99
3.2.3　Repair,Failfast,Modularity,RecursiveDesign　100
3.3　EmpiricalStudies　100　
3.3.1　OutagesAreRareEvents　100
3.3.2　StudiesofConventionalSystems　101
3.3.3　AStudyofaFault-TolerantSystem　103
3.4　TypicalModuleFailureRates　105
3.5　HardwareApproachestoFaultTolerance　109
3.5.1　TheBasicN-PlexIdea:HowtoBuildFailfastModules　109
3.5.2　FailfastversusFailvoteVotersinanN-Plex　109
3.5.3　N-PlexplusRepairResultsinHighAvailability　112
3.5.4　TheVoter'sProblem　113
3.5.5　Summary　115
3.6　SoftwareIstheProblem　115
3.6.1　N-VersionProgrammingandSoftwareFaultTolerance　116
3.6.2　TransactionsandSoftwareFaultTolerance　117
3.6.3　Summary　119
3.7　FaultModelandSoftwareFaultMasking　119
3.7.1　AnOverviewoftheModel　120
3.7.2　BuildingHighlyAvailableStorage　122
3.7.3　HighlyAvailableProcesses　128
3.7.4　ReliableMessagesviaSessionsandProcessPairs　138
3.7.5　SummaryoftheProcess-Message-StorageModel　147
3.8　GeneralPrinciples　148
3.9　ACautionaryTale——SystemDelusion　149
3.10　Summary　150
3.11　HistoricalNotes　151
Exercises　152
Answers　155
PARTTHREE——Transaction-OrientedComputing
4　TRANSACTIONMODELS　159
4.1　Introduction　159
4.1.1　AboutthisChapter　160
4.2　AtomicActionsandFlatTransactions　160
4.2.1　DiskWritesasAtomicActions　161
4.2.2　AClassificationofActionTypes　163
4.2.3　FlatTransactions　165
4.2.4　LimitationsofFlatTransactions　171
4.3　SpheresofControl　174
4.3.1　DefinitionofSpheresofControl　174
4.3.2　DynamicBehaviorofSpheresofControl　176
4.3.3　Summary　180
4.4　ANotationforExplainingTransactionModels　180
4.4.1　WhatIsRequiredtoDescribeTransactionModels?　181
4.4.2　ElementsoftheNotation　183
4.4.3　DefiningTransactionModelsbyaSetofSimpleRules　184
4.5　FlatTransactionswithSavepoints　187
4.5.1　AboutSavepoints　187
4.5.2　DevelopingtheRulesfortheSavepointModel　189
4.5.3　PersistentSavepoints　190
4.6　ChainedTransactions　192
4.7　NestedTransactions　195
4.7.1　DefinitionoftheNestingStructure　195
4.7.2　UsingNestedTransactions　198
4.7.3　EmulatingNestedTransactionsbySavepoints　200
4.8　DistributedTransactions　202
4.9　Multi-LevelTransactions　203
4.9.1　TheRoleofaCompensatingTransaction　204
4.9.2　TheUseofMulti-LevelTransactions　206
4.10　OpenNestedTransactions　210
4.11　Long-LivedTransactions　210
4.11.1　TransactionProcessingContext　212
4.11.2　TheMini-Batch　215
4.11.3　Sagas　217
4.12　Exotics　219
4.13　Summary　221
4.14　HistoricalNotes　222
Exercises　225
5　TRANSACTIONPROCESSINGMONITORS——AnOverview　239
5.1　Introduction　239
5.2　TheRoleofTPMonitorsinTransactionSystems　239
5.2.1　TheTransaction-orientedComputingStyle　241
5.2.2　TheTransactionProcessingServices　249
5.2.3　TPSystemProcessStructure　252
5.2.4　Summary　258
5.3　TheStructureofaTPMonitor　259
5.3.1　TheTPMonitorComponents　260
5.3.2　ComponentsoftheTransactionServices　263
5.3.3　TPMonitorSupportfortheResourceManagerInterfaces　266
5.4　TransactionalRemoteProcedureCalls:TheBasicIdea　267
5.4.1　WhoParticipatesinRemoteProcedureCalls?　267
5.4.2　AddressSpaceStructureRequiredforRPCHandling　268
5.43　TheDynamicsofRemoteProcedureCalls　270
5.4.4　Summary　273
5.5　ExamplesoftheTransaction-OrientedProgrammingStyle　274
5.5.1　TheBasicProcessingLoop　275
5.5.2　AttachingResourceManagerstoTransactions:TheSimpleCases　276
5.5.3　AttachingResourceManagerstoTransactions:TheSophisticatedCase　282
5.5.4　UsingPersistentSavepoints　284
5.6　TerminologicalWrap-Up　285
5.7　HistoricalNotes　286
Exercises　288
Answers　289
6　TRANSACTIONPROCESSINGMONITORS　293
6.1　Introduction　293
6.2　TransactionalRemoteProcedureCalls　295
6.2.1　TheResourceManagerInterface　297
6.2.2　WhattheResourceManagerHastoDoinSupportofTransactions　299
6.2.3　InterfacesbetweenResourceManagersandtheTPMonitor　301
6.2.4　ResourceManagerCallsversusResourceManagerSessions　304
6.2.5　Summary　312
6.3　FunctionalPrinciplesoftheTPMonitor　312
6.3.1　TheCentralDataStructuresoftheTPOS　313
6.3.2　DataStructuresOwnedbytheTPMonitor　318
6.3.3　AGuidedTourAlongtheTRPCPath　324
6.3.4　AbortsRacingTRPCs　331
6.3.5　Summary　332
6.4　ManagingRequestandResponseQueues　333
6.4.1　Short-TermQueuesforMappingResourceManagerInvocations　335
6.4.2　DurableRequestQueuesforAsynchronousTransactionProcessing　336
6.4.3　Summary　347
6.5　OtherTasksoftheTPMonitor　347
6.5.1　LoadBalancing　347
6.5.2　AuthenticationandAuthorization　354
6.5.3　RestartProcessing　360
6.6　Summary　362
6.7　HistoricalNotes　364
Exercises　366
Answers　368
PARTFOUR——ConcurrencyControl
7　ISOLATIONCONCEPTS　375
7.1　Overview　375
7.2　IntroductiontoIsolation　375
7.3　TheDependencyModelofIsolation　378
7.3.1　StaticversusDynamicAllocation　378
7.3.2　TransactionDependencies　379
7.3.3　TheThreeBadDependencies　380
7.3.4　TheCaseforaFormalModelofIsolation　381
7.4　Isolation:TheApplicationProgrammer'sView　382
7.5　IsolationTheorems　383
7.5.1　ActionsandTransactions　383
7.5.2　Well-FormedandTwo-PhasedTransactions　385
7.5.3　TransactionHistories　385
7.5.4　LegalHistoriesandLockCompatibility　386
7.5.5　Versions,Dependencies,andtheDependencyGraph　387
7.5.6　EquivalentandIsolatedHistories:BEFORE,AFTER,andWormholes　388
7.5.7　WormholesAreNotIsolated　389
7.5.8　SummaryofDefinitions　390
7.5.9　SummaryoftheIsolationTheorems　396
7.6　DegreesofIsolation　397
7.6.1　DegreesofIsolationTheorem　398
7.6.2　SQLandDegreesofIsolation　398
7.6.3　ProsandConsofLowDegreesofIsolation　400
7.6.4　ExoticSQLIsolation——Read-PastandNotifyLocks　402
7.7　PhantomsandPredicateLocks　403
7.7.1　TheProblemwithPredicateLocks　405
7.8　GranularLocks　406
7.8.1　TreeLockingandIntentLockModes　406
7.8.2　UpdateModeLocks　409
7.8.3　GranularLockingSummary　410
7.8.4　Key-RangeLocking　411
7.8.5　DynamicKey-RangeLocks:Previous-KeyandNext-KeyLocking　412
7.8.6　Key-RangeLocksNeedDAGLocking　414
7.8.7　TheDAGLockingProtocol　415
7.8.8　FormalDefinitionofGranularLocksonaDAG　417
7.9　LockingHeuristics　419
7.10　NestedTransactionLocking　421
7.11　SchedulingandDeadlock　422
7.11.1　TheConvoyPhenomenon　423
7.11.2　DeadlockAvoidanceversusToleration　424
7.11.3　TheWait-forGraphandaDeadlockDetector　425
7.11.4　DistributedDeadlock　426
7.11.5　ProbabilityofDeadlock　428
7.12　Exotics　429
7.12.1　FieldCalls　430
7.12.2　EscrowLockingandOtherFieldCallRefinements　432
7.12.3　OptimisticandTimestampLocking　434
7.12.4　TimeDomainAddressing　435
7.13　Summary　437
7.14　HistoricalNotes　438
Exercises　440
Answers　442
8　LOCKIMPLEMENTATION　449
8.1　Introduction　449
8.1.1　AboutThisChapter　449
8.1.2　TheNeedforParallelismwithintheLockManager　449
8.1.3　TheResourceManagerandLockManagerAddressSpace　450
8.2　AtomicMachineInstructions　452
8.3　Semaphores　454
8.3.1　ExclusiveSemaphores　454
8.3.2　Crabbing:TraversingSharedDataStructures　456
8.3.3　SharedSemaphores　458
8.3.4　AllocatingSharedStorage　461
8.3.5　SemaphoresandExceptions　462
8.4　LockManager　464
8.4.1　LockNames　464
8.4.2　LockQueuesandScheduling　465
8.4.3　LockDurationandLockCounts　467
8.4.4　LockManagerInterfaceandDataStructures　469
8.4.5　LockManagerInternalLogic　471
8.4.6　LockEscalationandGenericUnlock,NotifyLocks　477
8.4.7　TransactionSavepoints,Commit,andRollback　478
8.4.8　LockingatSystemRestart　479
8.4.9　PhoenixTransactions　480
8.4.10　LockManagerConfigurationandComplexity　481
8.4.11　LockManagerSummary　481
8.5　DeadlockDetection　481
8.6　LockingforParallelandParallelNestedTransactions　483
8.7　Summary　484
8.8　HistoricalNotes　485
Exercises　485
Answers　488
PARTFIVE——Recovery
9　LOGMANAGER　493
9.1　Introduction　493
9.1.1　UsesoftheLog　493
9.1.2　LogManagerOverview　494
9.1.3　TheLogManager'sRelationshiptoOtherServices　495
9.1.4　WhyHaveaLogManager?　496
9.2　LogTables　496
9.2.1　MappingtheLogTableontoFiles　497
9.2.2　LogSequenceNumbers　499
9.3　PublicInterfacetotheLog　500
9.3.1　AuthorizationtoAccesstheLogTable　500
9.3.2　ReadingtheLogTable　500
9.3.3　WritingtheLogTable　502
9.3.4　Summary　503
9.4　ImplementationDetailsofLogReadsandWrites　504
9.4.1　ReadingtheLog　504
9.4.2　LogAnchor　505
9.4.3　TransactionRelatedAnchors　505
9.4.4　LogInsert　506
9.4.5　AllocateandFlushLogDaemons　507
9.4.6　CarefulWrites:SerialorPing-Pong　508
9.4.7　GroupCommit,Batching,Boxcarring　509
9.4.8　WADSWrites　510
9.4.9　MultipleLogsperTransactionManager　511
9.4.10　Summary　511
9.5　LogRestartLogic　511
9.5.1　SavingtheTransactionManagerAnchor　512
9.5.2　PreparingforRestart:CarefulWritesoftheLogAnchor　512
9.5.3　FindingtheAnchorandLogEndatRestart　513
9.6　ArchivingtheLog　514
9.6.1　HowMuchoftheLogTableShouldBeOnline?　514
9.6.2　Low-WaterMarksforRollback,Restart,Archive　515
9.6.3　DynamicLogs:CopyAsideversusCopyForward　516
9.6.4　ArchivingtheLogWithoutImpactingConcurrentTransactions　517
9.6.5　ElectronicVaultingandChangeAccumulation　518
9.6.6　DealingwithLogManager-ArchiveCircularity　519
9.7　LogginginaClient-ServerArchitecture　519
9.8　Summary　520
9.9　HistoricalNotes　521
Exercises　521
Answers　523
10　TRANSACTIONMANAGERCONCEPTS　529
10.1　Introduction　529
10.2　TransactionManagerInterfaces　529
10.2.1　TheApplicationInterfacetoTransactions　531
10.2.2　TheResourceManagerInterfacetoTransactions　534
10.2.3　TransactionManagerFunctions　536
10.3　TransactionalResourceManagerConcepts　538
10.3.1　TheDO-UNDO-REDOProtocol　538
10.3.2　TheLogTableandLogRecords　540
10.3.3　CommunicationSessionRecovery　541
10.3.4　ValueLogging　545
10.3.5　LogicalLogging　546
10.3.6　PhysiologicalLogging　548
10.3.7　PhysiologicalLoggingRules:FIX,WAL,andForce-Log-at-commit　550
10.3.8　CompensationLogRecords　558
10.3.9　IdempotenceofPhysiologicalREDO　560
10.3.10　Summary　561
10.4　Two-PhaseCommit:MakingComputationsAtomic　562
10.4.1　Two-PhaseCommitinaCentralizedSystem　563
10.4.2　DistributedTransactionsandTwo-PhaseCommit　567
10.5　Summary　573
10.6　HistoricalNotes　574
Exercises　576
Answers　578
11　TRANSACTIONMANAGERSTRUCTURE　585
11.1　Introduction　585
11.2　NormalProcessing　585
11.2.1　TransactionIdentifiers　586
11.2.2　TransactionManagerDataStructures　586
11.2.3　MyTrid(),Status_Transaction(),Leave_Transaction(),Resume_Transaction()　590
11.2.4　SavepointLogRecords　591
11.2.5　BeginWork()592
11.2.6　LocalCommiLWork().　593
11.2.7　RemoteCommit_Work():Prepare()andCommit()　596
11.2.8　Save_Work()andRead_Context()　599
11.2.9　Rollback_Work()　601
11.3　Checkpoint　604
11.3.1　SharpCheckpoints　605
11.3.2　FuzzyCheckpoints　606
11.3.3　TransactionManagerCheckpoint　607
11.4　SystemRestart　609
11.4.1　TransactionStatesatRestart　610
11.4.2　TransactionManagerRestartLogic　610
11.4.3　ResourceManagerRestartLogic,Identify()　613
11.4.4　SummaryoftheRestartDesign　616
11.4.5　IndependentResourceManagers　616
11.4.6　TheTwo-CheckpointApproach:ADifferentStrategy　616
11.4.7　WhyRestartWorks　618
11.4.8　DistributedTransactionResolution:Two-PhaseCommitatRestart　620
11.4.9　AcceleratingRestart　620
11.4.10　OtherRestartIssues　621
11.5　ResourceManagerFailureandRestart　622
11.6　ArchiveRecovery　622
11.7　ConfiguringtheTransactionManager　624
11.7.1　TransactionManagerSizeandComplexity　624
11.8　Summary　624
Exercises　625
Answers　626
12　ADVANCEDTRANSACTIONMANAGERTOPICS　631
12.1　Introduction　631
12.2　HeterogeneousCommitCoordinators　631
12.2.1　ClosedversusOpenTransactionManagers　632
12.2.2　InteroperatingwithaClosedTransactionManager　632
12.2.3　WritingaGatewaytoanOpenTransactionManager　635
12.2.4　SummaryofTransactionGateways　638
12.3　HighlyAvailable(Non-Blocking)CommitCoordinators　638
12.3.1　HeuristicDecisionsResolveBlockedTransactionCommit　640
12.4　Transfer-of-Commit　641
12.5　0ptimizationsofTwo-PhaseCommit　643
12.5.1　Read-OnlyCommitOptimization　644
12.5.2　LazyCommitOptimization　645
12.5.3　LinearCommitOptimization　645
12.6　DisasterRecoveryataRemoteSite　646
12.6.1　SystemPairTakeover　648
12.6.2　SessionSwitchingatTakeover　649
12.6.3　ConfigurationOptions:1-Safe,2-Safe,andVerySafe　651
12.6.4　Catch-upAfterFailure　652
12.6.5　SummaryofSystemPairDesigns　653
12.7　Summary　654
12.8　HistoricalNotes　654
Exercises　655
Answers　656
PARTSIX——TransactionalFileSystem:ASampleResourceManager
13　FILEANDBUFFERMANAGEMENT　661
13.1　Introduction　661
13.2　TheFileSystemasaBasisforTransactionalDurableStorage　662
13.2.1　ExternalStorageversusMainMemory　662
13.2.2　TheExternalStorageModelUsedinthisBook　668
13.2.3　LevelsofAbstractioninaTransactionalFileandDatabaseManager　671
13.3　MediaandFileManagement　673
13.3.1　ObjectsandOperationsoftheBasicFileSystem　673
13.3.2　ManagingDiskSpace　677
13.3.3　CatalogManagementforLow-LevelFileSystems　686
13.4　BufferManagement　688
13.4.1　FunctionalPrinciplesoftheDatabaseBuffer　689
13.4.2　ImplementationIssuesofaBufferManager　697
13.4.3　LoggingandRecoveryfromtheBuffer'sPerspective　708
13.4.4　OptimizingBufferManagerPerformance　714
13.5　Exotics　723
13.5.1　SideFiles　724
13.5.2　Single-LevelStorage　732
13.6　Summary　738
13.7　HistoricalNotes　739
Exercises　741
Answers　744
14　THETUPLE-ORIENTEDFILESYSTEM　751
14.1　Introduction　751
14.2　MappingTuplesintoPages　752
14.2.1　InternalOrganizationofPages　752
14.2.2　FreeSpaceAdministrationinaFile　757
14.2.3　TupleIdentification　760
14.3　PhysicalTupleManagement　768
14.3.1　PhysicalRepresentationofAttributeValues　769
14.3.2　PhysicalRepresentationofShortTuples　772
14.3.3　SpecialAspectsofRepresentingAttributeValuesinTuples　784
14.3.4　PhysicalRepresentationofLongTuples　786
14.3.5　PhysicalRepresentationofComplexTuplesandVeryLongAttributes　791
14.4　FileOrganization　794
14.4.1　AdministrativeOperations　795
14.4.2　AnAbstractViewonDifferentFileOrganizationsviaScans　799
14.4.3　Entry-sequencedFiles　806
14.4.4System-SequencedFiles　811
14.4.5　RelativeFiles　814
14.4.6Key-SequencedFilesandHashFiles　817
14.4.7　Summary　818
14.5　Exotics　819
14.5.1ClusterFiles　819
14.5.2PartitionedFiles　820
14.5.3　UsingTransactionstoMaintaintheFileSystem　821
14.5.4　TheTuple-OrientedFileSysteminCurrentDatabaseSystems　822
14.6　Summary　823
Exercises　824
Answers　825
15　ACCESSPATHS　　831
15.1　Introduction　831
15.2　OverviewofTechniquestoImplementAssociativeAccessPaths　833
15.2.1　Summary　835
15.3　AssociativeAccessByHashing　835
15.3.1　FoldingtheKeyValueintoaNumericalDataType　836
15.3.2　CriteriaforaGoodHashFunction　838
15.3.3　OverflowHandlinginHashFiles　845
15.3.4　LocalAdministrationofPagesinaHashFile　848
15.3.5　SummaryofAssociativeAccessBasedonHashing　848
15.4　B-Trees　851
15.4.1　B-Trees:TheBasicIdea　851
15.4.2　PerformanceAspectsofB-Trees　861
15.4.3　SynchronizationonB-Trees:ThePage-OrientedView　867
15.4.4　SynchronizationonB-Trees:TheTuple-OrientedView　868
15.4.5　RecoveringOperationsonB-Trees　872
15.5　SampleImplementationofSomeOperationsonB-Trees　876
15.5.1　DeclarationsofDataStructuresAssumedinAllPrograms　876
15.52　ImplementationoftheroadkoyOperationonaB-Tree　878
15.5.3　Key-RangeLockinginaB-Tree　880
15.5.4　ImplementationoftheInsertOperationforaB-Tree:TheSimpleCase　882
15.5.5　ImplementingB-TreeInsert:TheSplitCase　884
15.5.6　Summary　886
15.6　Exotics　886
15.6.1　ExtendibleHashing　887
15.6.2　TheGridFile　892
15.6.3　HoleyBrickB-Trees　897
15.7　Summary　904
15.8　HistoricalNotes　905
Exercises　909
Answers　911
PARTSEVEN——SystemSurveys
16　SURVEYOFTPSYSTEMS　917
16.1　Introduction　917
16.2　IMS　917
16.2.1　HardwareandOperatingSystemEnvironment　918
16.2.2　WorkflowModel　920
16.2.3　ProgramIsolation　923
16.2.4　MainStorageDatabasesandFieldCalls　923
16.2.5　DataSharing　924
16.2.6　ImprovedAvailabilityandDuplexedSystems　925
16.2.7　DB2　927
16.2.8　RecentEvolutionofIMS　928
16.3　CICSandLU6.2　928
16.3.1　CICSOverview　928
16.3.2　CICSServices　930
16.3.3　CICSWorkflow　931
16.3.4　CICSDistributedTransactionProcessing　932
16.3.5　LU6.2　934
16.4　Guardian90　937
16.4.1　Guardian:TheOperatingSystemandHardware　938
16.4.2　Pathway,TerminalContext,andServerClassManagement　939
16.4.3　TransactionManagement　941
16.4.4　OtherInterestingFeatures　947
16.5　DECdta　947
16.5.1　ACMS'sThree-BallWorkflowModelofTransactionProcessing　948
16.5.2　ACMSServices　951
16.5.3　ACMSSummary　952
16.5.4　VMSTransactionManagementSupport　954
16.5.5　SummaryofDECdta　958
16.5.6　ReliableTransactionRouter(RTR)　959
16.6　X/OpenDTP,OSI-TP,CCR　960
16.6.1　TheLocalCase　962
16.6.2　TheDistributedCase:ServicesandServers　964
16.6.3　Summary　964
16.7　OtherSystems　965
16.7.1　UniversalTransactionManager(UTM)　965
16.7.2　ADABASTPF966
16.7.3　Encina　968
16.7.4　Tuxedo　970
16.8　Summary　972
PARTEIGHT——Addenda
17　REFERENCES　975
18　DATASTRUCTURESANDINTERFACES　993
19　GLOSSARY　1003
INDEX　1047
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