标题：时态语态
一般现在时
1.     表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和often, always, usually, sometimes, every day, once a week等时间状语连用。
（1）He takes a walk after supper every day.
（2）My mother works at the same company as my father.
2.     表示主语的性格，能力
（1）She has great concern for others.
（2）Mary speaks both English and French very well.
3.     表示客观事实或普遍真理
（1）Light travels faster than sound
（2）    Japanlies to the east of China.
4.     表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作。
（1）The plane takes off at 10a.m.
（2）When does the train leave for Shanghai?
5.     在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
（1）I can’t leave unless my boss agrees.
(2) When you see her, just tell her that I am all right.
(3) I’ll come to help you if I am free tomorrow.
(4) When they leave school, they will go back to the country.
现在进行时
构成：am\is\are doing
1.     表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事
（1）What are you doing, young man.
（2）It’s snowing outside.
2.     表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事
(1)She is learning English at college.
(2)John is losing hair
3.     动作动词的进行时与always,forever等连用，表示重复的动作，这种动作可能使人感到厌倦或不合情理，有时表示赞赏满意。
(1)She’s always scolding me.
(2)She’s always working hard.
4.     表示动作的未完性，暂时性。
(1)I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
(2)Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
5.     表示按计划安排要做的事
(1) I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum.
6.     表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。
-         Is this raincoat yours?
-         No, mine is hanging there behind the door.
现在完成时
1.     表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点是现在。常与不确定的时间状语连用，如yet, recently, lately.
（1）In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.
（2）We have had too much rain this year.
2.     表示一个从过去某个时间开始延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示一段时间的状语连用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time, till now，in the past\ last few years.
He has worked here for over twenty years.
3.     It\ This is the first time that …和This is the best (worst, most interesting )+n. + that…结构的从句要求用现在完成时。
(1)This is the first time thatI have heard her sing.
(2)It’s the best film thatI have ever seen.
4.     句中有since构成的时间状语或引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态。
Where have you been since I last saw you?
5.     在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
(1)I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
(2)I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
现在完成进行时态
（1）表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。
I’ve been waiting for an hour but she still hasn’t come.
（2）表示动作刚刚结束（有时指出现结果）
My clothes are wet, I’ve been walking in the rain.
（3）表示动作的重复性。（指断断续续，而非一直不停）
She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.
注意：现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别
（1）现在完成时强调的是某个动作刚刚完成，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性。
I have thought it over.
I have been thinking it over.
(2) 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复性，现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Have you been meeting him recently? 你经常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently? 你最近见了他了吗？
练习：
1. Such plants never ________ here in winter.
A. have grown     B. are growing    C. grow     D. are grown
2. These kinds of shoes _______ well.
A. don’t sell      B. are not sold    C. won’t be sold    D. were not sold
3. Now he ________ a book about a hero. I don’t suppose he will finish it soon.
A. writes         B. wrote           C. has written        D. is writing
4. I don’t know if she ______ to the meeting. If she _______, please let me know.
A. comes; will     
B. is coming; comes 
C. will come; is      
D. would come; would
5. I ________ the bad cold for a week and still can’t get rid of it.
A. have had       B. had caught       C. have caught      D. caught
6. Prices ______ sharply in the past few years.
A. have raised     B. rose        C. have been risen   D. have risen
7. They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made      B. have become    C. have been     D. have turned
8.-- ______leave at the end of this month.
--I don’t think you should do that until _____another job. 
A. I’m going to; you’d found     B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find             D. I’ll; you’d find
9. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _____at the garage.
A.   will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
10. It ______ for two days. The roads will be blocked if it _______ soon.
A. snowed; won’t          B. has been snowing; doesn’t stop
C. has snowed; won’t stop   D. snow; doesn’t stop
11. They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far.
A. won’t hear from         B. didn’t hear from
C. haven’t heard from      D. don’t hear from
12. Ladies and gentleman, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_____.
A. takes off  B. is taking off   C. has taken off    D. took off
13. My friend, who ____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. has served     B. served          C. is serving    D. had served
14. In recent years many football clubs ________ as business to make a profit.
A. have run       B. have been run    C. had been run   D. will run
15. Teenagers _______ their health because they play computer games too much.
A. have damaged   B. are damaging     C. damaged      D. will damage
16. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
A. saw           B. see              C. had seen       D. have seen
17. –Do you have any problems if you ________ this job?
- Well, I’m thinking about the salary…
A. offer       B. will offer      C. are offered      D. will be offered
18. -Do you think we should accept that offer?
- Yes, we should, for we _________ such bad luck up till now, and time _______ out.
A. have had; is running         B. had; is running
C. have; has been run           D. have had; has been run
19. I like these English songs and they _______ many times on the radio.
A. taught        B. have taught
C. are taught      D. have been taught
20. –What’s that noise?
_Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine________.
A. was tested    B. will be tested   C. is being tested    D. has been tested
21. – I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
- I think so. He _______ for it for months.
A. is preparing     B. was preparing    C. had been preparing   D. has been preparing
22. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _____off at 18:20.
A. takes   B. will be taken   C. took    D. has taken
23. By the time he realizes he ________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A. walks       B. walked       C. has walked        D. had walked
24. The coffee is wonderful ! It doesn’t taste like anything I ___ before.
A. was having   B. have   C. have ever had    D. had ever had
25. I got caught in the rain and my suit _____________.
A. has ruined     B. had ruined   C. has been ruined    D. had been ruined
26. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ________ in science and technology.
A. had discovered     B. had been discovered    C. has discovered    D. has been discovered
CADBA  DCBCB  CBABB  DCADC  DACCC  D
一般过去时
1.     表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
（1）The foreign guests visited Nanjing last spring.
2.     表示过去的习惯动作
When she was in the city, she often went to the Central Supermarket.
3.     表示某种感情色彩
You asked for it 你这是自找的
I told you so. 我早就告诉过你
4. 一般过去时在表示时间或条件等状语从句中代替过去将来时。
We wouldn’t leave until she came back.
4.     语境中的一般过去时往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已不再这样。
(1)-Come in. Peter. I want to show you something.
- Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.
(2) Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it.
5. –Have you known Dr Jackson for a long time?
- Yes, since she ________ the Chinese Society.
A. has joined     B. joins    C. had joined      D. joined
6. –Have you read a book called Waiting for Anya?
_ Who _______ it?
A. writes        B. has written    C. wrote     D. had written
7. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I am afraid I __________ half of it.
A. was missing   B. had missed    C. will miss  D. missed
8. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.
A. returned      B. returns        C. was returning    D. had returned
9. I _______ you not to move my dictionary- now I can’t find it.
A. asked        B. ask           C. was asking       D. had asked
10. –Thank goodness, you’re here! What ________ you?
A. keeps        B. is keeping      C. had kept         D. kept
11. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A. begin        B. began         C. have begun       D. had begun
12. I _______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time!
A. had fallen asleep   B. have fallen asleep   C. fell asleep   D. fall asleep
13. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness ________.
A. has grown        B. is growing         C. grew        D. had grown
14. – Nancy is not coming tonight.
- But she _______.
A. promises         B. promised          C. will promise   D. had promised
15. – I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
_ Oh, how nice! Do oyu know when she ______?
A. was leaving       B. had left            C. has left      D. left
16. – You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
- I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying     B. don’t say           C. won’t say    D. didn’t say
17. Pardon? I _____ quite catch you.
A. didn’t           B. couldn’t            C. don’t        D. can’t
18. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it.
A. doesn’t mention   B. hadn’t mentioned    C. didn’t mention  D. hasn’t mentioned
19. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _________ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed             B. is killed           C. was killed      D. was killing
20. The brother _______ home until 10 o’clock last night.
A. came             B. didn’t come        C. doesn’t come    D. comes