标题：标准电极电势表
电极电势的产生 — 双电层理论
德国化学家能斯特（H．W．Nernst）提出了双电层理论（electron double layer theory）解释电极电势的产生的原因。当金属放入溶液中时，一方面金属晶体中处于热运动的金属离子在极性水分子的作用下，离开金属表面进入溶液。金属性质越活泼，这种趋势就越大；另一方面溶液中的金属离子，由于受到金属表面电子的吸引，而在金属表面沉积，溶液中金属离子的浓度越大，这种趋势也越大。在一定浓度的溶液中达到平衡后，在金属和溶液两相界面上形成了一个带相反电荷的双电层(electron double layer)，双电层的厚度虽然很小(一般约为0.2-20纳米数量级), 但却在金属和溶液之间产生了电势差。通常人们就把产生在金属和盐溶液之间的双电层间的电势差称为金属的电极电势（electrode potential），并以此描述电极得失电子能力的相对强弱。电极电势以符号E Mn+/ Mn表示, 单位为V(伏)。 如锌的电极电势以EZn2+/ Zn 表示, 铜的电极电势以ECu2+/Cu 表示。 
电极电势的大小主要取决于电极的本性，并受温度、介质和离子浓度等因素的影响。
公式
任何温度下标准氢电极的标准电极电势值都为0，但其他电极电势值会受到温度影响。以Ni/NiO电极为例，它可以用作高温伪参比电极，在0-400°C时的电极电势大致符合以下公式：
E°(T)=-0.0003T+0.1414，T为温度
电极电势表
1 在酸性溶液中 (298K)
电对 方程式 Eq/V 
Li(I)－(0) Li++e－=Li －3.0401 
Cs(I)－(0) Cs++e－=Cs －3.026 
Rb(I)－(0) Rb++e－=Rb －2.98 
K(I)－(0) K++e－=K －2.931 
Ba(II)－(0) Ba2++2e－=Ba －2.912 
Sr(II)－(0) Sr2++2e－=Sr －2.89 
Ca(II)－(0) Ca2++2e－=Ca －2.868 
Na(I)－(0) Na++e－=Na －2.71 
La(III)－(0) La3++3e－=La －2.379 
Mg(II)－(0) Mg2++2e－=Mg －2.372 
Ce(III)－(0) Ce3++3e－=Ce －2.336 
H(0)－(－I) H2(g)+2e－=2H－ －2.23 
Al(III)－(0) AlF63－+3e－=Al+6F－ －2.069 
Th(IV)－(0) Th4++4e－=Th －1.899 
Be(II)－(0) Be2++2e－=Be －1.847 
U(III)－(0) U3++3e－=U －1.798 
Hf(IV)－(0) HfO2++2H++4e－=Hf+H2O －1.724 
Al(III)－(0) Al3++3e－=Al －1.662 
Ti(II)－(0) Ti2++2e－=Ti －1.630 
Zr(IV)－(0) ZrO2+4H++4e－=Zr+2H2O －1.553 
Si(IV)－(0) [SiF6]2－+4e－=Si+6F－ －1.24 
Mn(II)－(0) Mn2++2e－=Mn －1.185 
Cr(II)－(0) Cr2++2e－=Cr －0.913 
Ti(III)－(II) Ti3++e－=Ti2+ －0.9 
B(III)－(0) H3BO3+3H++3e－=B+3H2O －0.8698 
*Ti(IV)－(0) TiO2+4H++4e－=Ti+2H2O －0.86 
Te(0)－(－II) Te+2H++2e－=H2Te －0.793 
Zn(II)－(0) Zn2++2e－=Zn －0.7618 
Ta(V)－(0) Ta2O5+10H++10e－=2Ta+5H2O －0.750 
Cr(III)－(0) Cr3++3e－=Cr －0.744 
Nb(V)－(0) Nb2O5+l0H++10e－=2Nb+5H2O －0.644 
As(0)－(－III) As+3H++3e－=AsH3 －0.608 
U(IV)－(III) U4++e－=U3+ －0.607 
Ga(III)－(0) Ga3++3e－=Ga －0.549 
P(I)－(0) H3PO2+H++e－=P+2H2O －0.508 
P(III)－(I) H3PO3+2H++2e－=H3PO2+H2O －0.499 
*C(IV)－(III) 2CO2+2H++2e－=H2C2O4 －0.49 
Fe(II)－(0) Fe2++2e－=Fe －0.447 
Cr(III)－(II) Cr3++e－=Cr2+ －0.407 
Cd(II)－(0) Cd2++2e－=Cd －0.4030 
Se(0)－(－II) Se+2H++2e－=H2Se(aq) －0.399 
Pb(II)－(0) PbI2+2e－=Pb+2I－ －0.365 
Eu(III)－(II) Eu3++e－=Eu2+ －0.36 
Pb(II)－(0) PbSO4+2e－=Pb+SO42－ －0.3588 
In(III)－(0) In3++3e－=In －0.3382 
Tl(I)－(0) Tl++e－=Tl －0.336 
Co(II)－(0) Co2++2e－=Co －0.28 
P(V)－(III) H3PO4+2H++2e－=H3PO3+H2O －0.276 
Pb(II)－(0) PbCl2+2e－=Pb+2Cl－ －0.2675 
Ni (II)－(0) Ni2++2e－=Ni －0.257 
V(III)－(II) V3++e－=V2+ －0.255 
Ge(IV)－(0) H2GeO3+4H++4e－=Ge+3H2O －0.182 
Ag(I)－(0) AgI+e－=Ag+I－ －0.15224 
Sn(II)－(0) Sn2++2e－=Sn －0.1375 
Pb(II)－(0) Pb2++2e－=Pb －0.1262 
*C(IV)－(II) CO2(g)+2H++2e－=CO+H2O －0.12 
P(0)－(－III) P(white)+3H++3e－=PH3(g) －0.063 
Hg(I)－(0) Hg2I2+2e－=2Hg+2I－ －0.0405 
Fe(III)－(0) Fe3++3e－=Fe －0.037 
H(I)－(0) 2H++2e－=H2 0.0000 
Ag(I)－(0) AgBr+e－=Ag+Br－ 0.07133 
S(II.V)－(II) S4O62－+2e－=2S2O32－ 0.08 
*Ti(IV)－(III) TiO2++2H++e－=Ti3++H2O 0.1 
S(0)－(－II) S+2H++2e－=H2S(aq) 0.142 
Sn(IV)－(II) Sn4++2e－=Sn2+ 0.151 
Sb(III)－(0) Sb2O3+6H++6e－=2Sb+3H2O 0.152 
Cu(II)－(I) Cu2++e－=Cu+ 0.153 
Bi(III)－(0) BiOCl+2H++3e－=Bi+Cl－+H2O 0.1583 
S(VI)－(IV) SO42－+4H++2e－=H2SO3+H2O 0.172 
Sb(III)－(0) SbO++2H++3e－=Sb+H2O 0.212 
Ag(I)－(0) AgCl+e－=Ag+Cl－ 0.22233 
As(III)－(0) HAsO2+3H++3e－=As+2H2O 0.248 
Hg(I)－(0) Hg2Cl2+2e－=2Hg+2Cl－(饱和KCl) 0.26808 
Bi(III)－(0) BiO++2H++3e－=Bi+H2O 0.320 
U(VI)－(IV) UO22++4H++2e－=U4++2H2O 0.327 
C(IV)－(III) 2HCNO+2H++2e－=(CN)2+2H2O 0.330 
V(IV)－(III) VO2++2H++e－=V3++H2O 0.337 
Cu(II)－(0) Cu2++2e－=Cu 0.3419 
Re(VII)－(0) ReO4－+8H++7e－=Re+4H2O 0.368 
Ag(I)－(0) Ag2CrO4+2e－=2Ag+CrO42－ 0.4470 
S(IV)－(0) H2SO3+4H++4e－=S+3H2O 0.449 
Cu(I)－(0) Cu++e－=Cu 0.521 
I(0)－(－I) I2+2e－=2I－ 0.5355 
I(0)－(－I) I3－+2e－=3I－ 0.536 
As(V)－(III) H3AsO4+2H++2e－=HAsO2+2H2O 0.560 
Sb(V)－(III) Sb2O5+6H++4e－=2SbO++3H2O 0.581 
Te(IV)－(0) TeO2+4H++4e－=Te+2H2O 0.593 
U(V)－(IV) UO2++4H++e－=U4++2H2O 0.612 
**Hg(II)－(I) 2HgCl2+2e－=Hg2Cl2+2Cl－ 0.63 
Pt(IV)－(II) [PtCl6]2－+2e－=[PtCl4]2－+2Cl－ 0.68 
O(0)－(－I) O2+2H++2e－=H2O2 0.695 
Pt(II)－(0) [PtCl4]2－+2e－=Pt+4Cl－ 0.755 
*Se(IV)－(0) H2SeO3+4H++4e－=Se+3H2O 0.74 
Fe(III)－(II) Fe3++e－=Fe2+ 0.771 
Hg(I)－(0) Hg22++2e－=2Hg 0.7973 
Ag(I)－(0) Ag++e－=Ag 0.7996 
Os(VIII)－(0) OsO4+8H++8e－=Os+4H2O 0.8 
N(V)－(IV) 2NO3－+4H++2e－=N2O4+2H2O 0.803 
Hg(II)－(0) Hg2++2e－=Hg 0.851 
Si(IV)－(0) (quartz)SiO2+4H++4e－=Si+2H2O 0.857 
Cu(II)－(I) Cu2++I－+e－=CuI 0.86 
N(III)－(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e－=H2N2O2+2H2O 0.86 
Hg(II)－(I) 2Hg2++2e－=Hg22+ 0.920 
N(V)－(III) NO3－+3H++2e－=HNO2+H2O 0.934 
Pd(II)－(0) Pd2++2e－=Pd 0.951 
N(V)－(II) NO3－+4H++3e－=NO+2H2O 0.957 
N(III)－(II) HNO2+H++e－=NO+H2O 0.983 
I(I)－(－I) HIO+H++2e－=I－+H2O 0.987 
V(V)－(IV) VO2++2H++e－=VO2++H2O 0.991 
V(V)－(IV) V(OH)4++2H++e－=VO2++3H2O 1.00 
Au(III)－(0) [AuCl4]－+3e－=Au+4Cl－ 1.002 
Te(VI)－(IV) H6TeO6+2H++2e－=TeO2+4H2O 1.02 
N(IV)－(II) N2O4+4H++4e－=2NO+2H2O 1.035 
N(IV)－(III) N2O4+2H++2e－=2HNO2 1.065 
I(V)－(－I) IO3－+6H++6e－=I－+3H2O 1.085 
Br(0)－(－I) Br2(aq)+2e－=2Br－ 1.0873 
Se(VI)－(IV) SeO42－+4H++2e－=H2SeO3+H2O 1.151 
Cl(V)－(IV) ClO3－+2H++e－=ClO2+H2O 1.152 
Pt(II)－(0) Pt2++2e－=Pt 1.18 
Cl(VII)－(V) ClO4－+2H++2e－=ClO3－+H2O 1.189 
I(V)－(0) 2IO3－+12H++10e－=I2+6H2O 1.195 
Cl(V)－(III) ClO3－+3H++2e－=HClO2+H2O 1.214 
Mn(IV)－(II) MnO2+4H++2e－=Mn2++2H2O 1.224 
O(0)－(－II) O2+4H++4e－=2H2O 1.229 
Tl(III)－(I) T13++2e－=Tl+ 1.252 
Cl(IV)－(III) ClO2+H++e－=HClO2 1.277 
N(III)－(I) 2HNO2+4H++4e－=N2O+3H2O 1.297 
**Cr(VI)－(III) Cr2O72－+14H++6e－=2Cr3++7H2O 1.33 
Br(I)－(－I) HBrO+H++2e－=Br－+H2O 1.331 
Cr(VI)－(III) HCrO4－+7H++3e－=Cr3++4H2O 1.350 
Cl(0)－(－I) Cl2(g)+2e－=2Cl－ 1.35827 
Cl(VII)－(－I) ClO4－+8H++8e－=Cl－+4H2O 1.389 
Cl(VII)－(0) ClO4－+8H++7e－=1/2Cl2+4H2O 1.39 
Au(III)－(I) Au3++2e－=Au+ 1.401 
Br(V)－(－I) BrO3－+6H++6e－=Br－+3H2O 1.423 
I(I)－(0) 2HIO+2H++2e－=I2+2H2O 1.439 
Cl(V)－(－I) ClO3－+6H++6e－=Cl－+3H2O 1.451 
Pb(IV)－(II) PbO2+4H++2e－=Pb2++2H2O 1.455 
Cl(V)－(0) ClO3－+6H++5e－=1/2Cl2+3H2O 1.47 
Cl(I)－(－I) HClO+H++2e－=Cl－+H2O 1.482 
Br(V)－(0) BrO3－+6H++5e－=l/2Br2+3H2O 1.482 
Au(III)－(0) Au3++3e－=Au 1.498 
Mn(VII)－(II) MnO4－+8H++5e－=Mn2++4H2O 1.507 
Mn(III)－(II) Mn3++e－=Mn2+ 1.5415 
Cl(III)－(－I) HClO2+3H++4e－=Cl－+2H2O 1.570 
Br(I)－(0) HBrO+H++e－=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O 1.574 
N(II)－(I) 2NO+2H++2e－=N2O+H2O 1.591 
I(VII)－(V) H5IO6+H++2e－=IO3－+3H2O 1.601 
Cl(I)－(0) HClO+H++e－=1/2Cl2+H2O 1.611 
Cl(III)－(I) HClO2+2H++2e－=HClO+H2O 1.645 
Ni(IV)－(II) NiO2+4H++2e－=Ni2++2H2O 1.678 
Mn(VII)－(IV) MnO4－+4H++3e－=MnO2+2H2O 1.679 
Pb(IV)－(II) PbO2+SO42－+4H++2e－=PbSO4+2H2O 1.6913 
Au(I)－(0) Au++e－=Au 1.692 
Ce(IV)－(III) Ce4++e－=Ce3+ 1.72 
N(I)－(0) N2O+2H++2e－=N2+H2O 1.766 
O(－I)－(－II) H2O2+2H++2e－=2H2O 1.776 
Co(III)－(II) Co3++e－=Co2+(2mol·L－1 H2SO4) 1.83 
Ag(II)－(I) Ag2++e－=Ag+ 1.980 
S(VII)－(VI) S2O82－+2e－=2SO42－ 2.010 
O(0)－(－II) O3+2H++2e－=O2+H2O 2.076 
O(II)－(－II) F2O+2H++4e－=H2O+2F－ 2.153 
Fe(VI)－(III) FeO42－+8H++3e－=Fe3++4H2O 2.20 
O(0)－(－II) O(g)+2H++2e－=H2O 2.421 
F(0)－(－I) F2+2e－=2F－ 2.866 
F2+2H++2e－=2HF 3.053 
2 在碱性溶液中 (298K)
电对 方程式 Eq/V 
Ca(II)－(0) Ca(OH)2+2e－=Ca+2OH－ －3.02 
Ba(II)－(0) Ba(OH)2+2e－=Ba+2OH－ －2.99 
La(III)－(0) La(OH)3+3e－=La+3OH－ －2.90 
Sr(II)－(0) Sr(OH)2·8H2O+2e－=Sr+2OH－+8H2O －2.88 
Mg(II)－(0) Mg(OH)2+2e－=Mg+2OH－ －2.690 
Be(II)－(0) Be2O32－+3H2O+4e－=2Be+6OH－ －2.63 
Hf(IV)－(0) HfO(OH)2+H2O+4e－=Hf+4OH－ －2.50 
Zr(IV)－(0) H2ZrO3+H2O+4e－=Zr+4OH－ －2.36 
Al(III)－(0) H2AlO3－+H2O+3e－=Al+OH－ －2.33 
P(I)－(0) H2PO2－+e－=P+2OH－ －1.82 
B(III)－(0) H2BO3－+H2O+3e－=B+4OH－ －1.79 
P(III)－(0) HPO32－+2H2O+3e－=P+5OH－ －1.71 
Si(IV)－(0) SiO32－+3H2O+4e－=Si+6OH－ －1.697 
P(III)－(I) HPO32－+2H2O+2e－=H2PO2－+3OH－ －1.65 
Mn(II)－(0) Mn(OH)2+2e－=Mn+2OH－ －1.56 
Cr(III)－(0) Cr(OH)3+3e－=Cr+3OH－ －1.48 
*Zn(II)－(0) [Zn(CN)4]2－+2e－=Zn+4CN－ －1.26 
Zn(II)－(0) Zn(OH)2+2e－=Zn+2OH－ －1.249 
Ga(III)－(0) H2GaO3－+H2O+2e－=Ga+4OH－ －1.219 
Zn(II)－(0) ZnO22－+2H2O+2e－=Zn+4OH－ －1.215 
Cr(III)－(0) CrO2－+2H2O+3e－=Cr+4OH－ －1.2 
Te(0)－(－I) Te+2e－=Te2－ －1.143 
P(V)－(III) PO43－+2H2O+2e－=HPO32－+3OH－ －1.05 
*Zn(II)－(0) [Zn(NH3)4]2++2e－=Zn+4NH3 －1.04 
*W(VI)－(0) WO42－+4H2O+6e－=W+8OH－ －1.01 
*Ge(IV)－(0) HGeO3－+2H2O+4e－=Ge+5OH－ －1.0 
Sn(IV)－(II) [Sn(OH)6]2－+2e－=HSnO2－+H2O+3OH－ －0.93 
S(VI)－(IV) SO42－+H2O+2e－=SO32－+2OH－ －0.93 
Se(0)－(－II) Se+2e－=Se2－ －0.924 
Sn(II)－(0) HSnO2－+H2O+2e－=Sn+3OH－ －0.909 
P(0)－(－III) P+3H2O+3e－=PH3(g)+3OH－ －0.87 
N(V)－(IV) 2NO3－+2H2O+2e－=N2O4+4OH－ －0.85 
H(I)－(0) 2H2O+2e－=H2+2OH－ －0.8277 
Cd(II)－(0) Cd(OH)2+2e－=Cd(Hg)+2OH－ －0.809 
Co(II)－(0) Co(OH)2+2e－=Co+2OH－ －0.73 
Ni(II)－(0) Ni(OH)2+2e－=Ni+2OH－ －0.72 
As(V)－(III) AsO43－+2H2O+2e－=AsO2－+4OH－ －0.71 
Ag(I)－(0) Ag2S+2e－=2Ag+S2－ －0.691 
As(III)－(0) AsO2－+2H2O+3e－=As+4OH－ －0.68 
Sb(III)－(0) SbO2－+2H2O+3e－=Sb+4OH－ －0.66 
*Re(VII)－(IV) ReO4－+2H2O+3e－=ReO2+4OH－ －0.59 
*Sb(V)－(III) SbO3－+H2O+2e－=SbO2－+2OH－ －0.59 
Re(VII)－(0) ReO4－+4H2O+7e－=Re+8OH－ －0.584 
*S(IV)－(II) 2SO32－+3H2O+4e－=S2O32－+6OH－ －0.58 
Te(IV)－(0) TeO32－+3H2O+4e－=Te+6OH－ －0.57 
Fe(III)－(II) Fe(OH)3+e－=Fe(OH)2+OH－ －0.56 
S(0)－(－II) S+2e－=S2－ －0.47627 
Bi(III)－(0) Bi2O3+3H2O+6e－=2Bi+6OH－ －0.46 
N(III)－(II) NO2－+H2O+e－=NO+2OH－ －0.46 
*Co(II)－C(0) [Co(NH3)6]2++2e－=Co+6NH3 －0.422 
Se(IV)－(0) SeO32－+3H2O+4e－=Se+6OH－ －0.366 
Cu(I)－(0) Cu2O+H2O+2e－=2Cu+2OH－ －0.360 
Tl(I)－(0) Tl(OH)+e－=Tl+OH－ －0.34 
*Ag(I)－(0) [Ag(CN)2]－+e－=Ag+2CN－ －0.31 
Cu(II)－(0) Cu(OH)2+2e－=Cu+2OH－ －0.222 
Cr(VI)－(III) CrO42－+4H2O+3e－=Cr(OH)3+5OH－ －0.13 
*Cu(I)－(0) [Cu(NH3)2]++e－=Cu+2NH3 －0.12 
O(0)－(－I) O2+H2O+2e－=HO2－+OH－ －0.076 
Ag(I)－(0) AgCN+e－=Ag+CN－ －0.017 
N(V)－(III) NO3－+H2O+2e－=NO2－+2OH－ 0.01 
Se(VI)－(IV) SeO42－+H2O+2e－=SeO32－+2OH－ 0.05 
Pd(II)－(0) Pd(OH)2+2e－=Pd+2OH－ 0.07 
S(II,V)－(II) S4O62－+2e－=2S2O32－ 0.08 
Hg(II)－(0) HgO+H2O+2e－=Hg+2OH－ 0.0977 
Co(III)－(II) [Co(NH3)6]3++e－=[Co(NH3)6]2+ 0.108 
Pt(II)－(0) Pt(OH)2+2e－=Pt+2OH－ 0.14 
Co(III)－(II) Co(OH)3+e－=Co(OH)2+OH－ 0.17 
Pb(IV)－(II) PbO2+H2O+2e－=PbO+2OH－ 0.247 
I(V)－(－I) IO3－+3H2O+6e－=I－+6OH－ 0.26 
Cl(V)－(III) ClO3－+H2O+2e－=ClO2－+2OH－ 0.33 
Ag(I)－(0) Ag2O+H2O+2e－=2Ag+2OH－ 0.342 
Fe(III)－(II) [Fe(CN)6]3－+e－=[Fe(CN)6]4－ 0.358 
Cl(VII)－(V) ClO4－+H2O+2e－=ClO3－+2OH－ 0.36 
*Ag(I)－(0) [Ag(NH3)2]++e－=Ag+2NH3 0.373 
O(0)－(－II) O2+2H2O+4e－=4OH－ 0.401 
I(I)－(－I) IO－+H2O+2e－=I－+2OH－ 0.485 
*Ni(IV)－(II) NiO2+2H2O+2e－=Ni(OH)2+2OH－ 0.490 
Mn(VII)－(VI) MnO4－+e－=MnO42－ 0.558 
Mn(VII)－(IV) MnO4－+2H2O+3e－=MnO2+4OH－ 0.595 
Mn(VI)－(IV) MnO42－+2H2O+2e－=MnO2+4OH－ 0.60 
Ag(II)－(I) 2AgO+H2O+2e－=Ag2O+2OH－ 0.607 
Br(V)－(－I) BrO3－+3H2O+6e－=Br－+6OH－ 0.61 
Cl(V)－(－I) ClO3－+3H2O+6e－=Cl－+6OH－ 0.62 
Cl(III)－(I) ClO2－+H2O+2e－=ClO－+2OH－ 0.66 
I(VII)－(V) H3IO62－+2e－=IO3－+3OH－ 0.7 
Cl(III)－(－I) ClO2－+2H2O+4e－=Cl－+4OH－ 0.76 
Br(I)－(－I) BrO－+H2O+2e－=Br－+2OH－ 0.761 
Cl(I)－(－I) ClO－+H2O+2e－=Cl－+2OH－ 0.841 
*Cl(IV)－(III) ClO2(g)+e－=ClO2－ 0.95 
O(0)－(－II) O3+H2O+2e－=O2+2OH－ 1.24 
标准电极电势表
半反应E° (V) 来源 
& -9 
Zz 9 
N  N2(g) + H+ + e− HN3(aq) -3.09 [6] 
Li+ + e− Li(s) -3.0401 [5] 
N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH2OH(aq) + 2 OH− -3.04 [6] 
Cs+ + e− Cs(s) -3.026 [5] 
Rb+ + e− Rb(s) -2.98 [4] 
K+ + e− K(s) -2.931 [5] 
Ba2+ + 2 e− Ba(s) -2.912 [5] 
La(OH)3(s) + 3 e− La(s) + 3OH− -2.90 [5] 
Sr2+ + 2 e− Sr(s) -2.899 [5] 
Ca2+ + 2 e− Ca(s) -2.868 [5] 
Eu2+ + 2 e− Eu(s) -2.812 [5] 
Ra2+ + 2 e− Ra(s) -2.8 [5] 
Na+ + e− Na(s) -2.71 [5][9] 
La3+ + 3 e− La(s) -2.379 [5] 
Y3+ + 3 e− Y(s) -2.372 [5] 
Mg2+ + 2 e− Mg(s) -2.372 [5] 
ZrO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4 e− Zr(s) + 4OH− -2.36 [5] 
Al(OH)4− + 3 e− Al(s) + 4 OH− -2.33 
Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e− Al(s) + 3OH− -2.31 
H2(g) + 2 e− 2 H− -2.25 
Ac3+ + 3 e− Ac(s) -2.20 
Be2+ + 2 e− Be(s) -1.85 
U3+ + 3 e− U(s) -1.66 [7] 
Al3+ + 3 e− Al(s) -1.66 [9] 
Ti2+ + 2 e− Ti(s) -1.63 [9] 
ZrO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Zr(s) + 2 H2O -1.553 [5] 
Zr4+ + 4 e− Zr(s) -1.45 [5] 
TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti(s) + H2O -1.31 
Ti2O3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 TiO(s) + H2O -1.23 
Ti3+ + 3 e− Ti(s) -1.21 
Te(s) + 2 e− Te2− -1.143 [2] 
V2+ + 2 e− V(s) -1.13 [2] 
Nb3+ + 3 e− Nb(s) -1.099 
Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SnH4(g) -1.07 
Mn2+ + 2 e− Mn(s) -1.029 [9] 
SiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Si(s) + 2 H2O -0.91 
B(OH)3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− B(s) + 3 H2O -0.89 
TiO2+ + 2 H+ + 4 e− Ti(s) + H2O -0.86 
Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− BiH3 -0.8 
H2 H2O + 2 e− H2(g) + 2 OH− -0.8277 [5] 
Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(Hg) -0.7628 [5] 
Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(s) -0.7618 [5] 
Ta2O5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e− 2 Ta(s) + 5 H2O -0.75 
Cr3+ + 3 e− Cr(s) -0.74 
Au[Au(CN)2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 CN− -0.60 
Ta3+ + 3 e− Ta(s) -0.6 
PbO(s) + H2O + 2 e− Pb(s) + 2 OH− -0.58 
Ti2 TiO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti2O3(s) + H2O -0.56 
Ga3+ + 3 e− Ga(s) -0.53 
U4+ + e− U3+ -0.52 [7] 
P H3PO2(aq) + H+ + e− P(白磷[10]) + 2 H2O -0.508 [5] 
P H3PO3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO2(aq) + H2O -0.499 [5] 
P H3PO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− P(红磷)[10] + 3H2O -0.454 [5] 
Fe2+ + 2 e− Fe(s) -0.44 [9] 
C2 CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HOOCCOOH(aq) -0.43 
Cr3+ + e− Cr2+ -0.42 
Cd2+ + 2 e− Cd(s) -0.40 [9] 
GeO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− GeO(s) + H2O -0.37 
Cu2O(s) + H2O + 2 e− 2 Cu(s) + 2 OH− -0.360 [5] 
PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(s) + SO42− -0.3588 [5] 
PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(Hg) + SO42− -0.3505 [5] 
Eu3+ + e− Eu2+ -0.35 [7] 
In3+ + 3 e− In(s) 0.34 [2] 
Tl+ + e− Tl(s) -0.34 [2] 
Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− GeH4(g) -0.29 
Co2+ + 2 e− Co(s) -0.28 [5] 
P H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO3(aq) + H2O -0.276 [5] 
V3+ + e− V2+ 0.26 [9] 
Ni2+ + 2 e− Ni(s) -0.25 
As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− AsH3(g) -0.23 [2] 
MoO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Mo(s) + 2 H2O -0.15 
Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SiH4(g) -0.14 
Sn2+ + 2 e− Sn(s) -0.13 
O2(g) + H+ + e− HO2·(aq) -0.13 
Pb2+ + 2 e− Pb(s) -0.13 [9] 
WO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− W(s) + 2 H2O -0.12 
P(红磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) -0.111 [5] 
C CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCOOH(aq) -0.11 
Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2Se(g) -0.11 
C CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CO(g) + H2O -0.11 
SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Sn(s) + H2O -0.10 
SnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− SnO(s) + H2O -0.09 
WO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− W(s) + 3 H2O -0.09 [2] 
P(白磷) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) -0.063 [5] 
C HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HCHO(aq) + H2O -0.03 
H 2 H+ + 2 e− H2(g) ≡ 0 
S4O62− + 2 e− 2 S2O32− +0.08 
Fe3O4(s) + 8 H+ + 8 e− 3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O +0.085 [8] 
N2(g) + 2 H2O + 6H+ + 6 e− 2 NH4OH(aq) +0.092 
HgO(s) + H2O + 2 e− Hg(l) + 2 OH− +0.0977 
Cu(NH3)42+ + e− Cu(NH3)2+ + 2 NH3 +0.10 [2] 
Ru(NH3)63+ + e− Ru(NH3)62+ +0.10 [7] 
N2H4(aq) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH4+ + 4 OH− +0.11 [6] 
Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− Mo(s) + 4 H2O +0.11 
Ge4+ + 4 e− Ge(s) +0.12 
C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− CH4(g) +0.13 [2] 
C HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH3OH(aq) +0.13 
S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2S(g) +0.14 
Sn4+ + 2 e− Sn2+ +0.15 
Cu2+ + e− Cu+ +0.159 [2] 
S HSO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O +0.16 
UO22+ + e− UO2+ +0.163 [7] 
S SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 2 H2O +0.17 
TiO2+ + 2 H+ + e− Ti3+ + H2O +0.19 
Bi3+ + 2e− Bi+ +0.2 
SbO+ + 2 H+ + 3 e− Sb(s) + H2O +0.20 
As H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− As(s) + 3 H2O +0.24 
GeO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ge(s) + H2O +0.26 
UO2+ + 4 H+ + e− U4+ + 2 H2O +0.273 [7] 
Re3+ + 3 e− Re(s) +0.300 
Bi3+ + 3 e− Bi(s) +0.32 
VO2+ + 2 H+ + e− V3+ + H2O +0.34 
Cu2+ + 2 e− Cu(s) +0.340 [2] 
Fe [Fe(CN)6]3− + e− [Fe(CN)6]4− +0.36 
O2(g) + 2 H2O + 4 e− 4 OH−(aq) +0.40 [9] 
Mo H2MoO4 + 6 H+ + 3 e− Mo3+ + 2 H2O +0.43 
Bi+ + e− Bi(s) +0.50 
C CH3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CH4(g) + H2O +0.50 
S SO2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− S(s) + 2 H2O +0.50 
Cu+ + e− Cu(s) +0.520 [2] 
C CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− C(s) + H2O +0.52 
I2(s) + 2 e− 2 I− +0.54 [9] 
I3− + 2 e− 3 I− +0.53 [9] 
Au [AuI4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 I− +0.56 
As H3AsO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3AsO3(aq) + H2O +0.56 
Au [AuI2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 I− +0.58 
MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 4 OH− +0.59 
S2O32 − + 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 S(s) + 3 H2O +0.60 
Mo H2MoO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− MoO2(s) + 2 H2O +0.65 
O2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H2O2(aq) +0.70 
Tl3+ + 3 e− Tl(s) +0.72 
PtCl62− + 2 e− PtCl42− + 2 Cl− +0.726 [7] 
Se H2SeO3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Se(s) + 3 H2O +0.74 
PtCl42− + 2 e− Pt(s) + 4 Cl− +0.758 [7] 
Fe3+ + e− Fe2+ +0.77 
Ag+ + e− Ag(s) +0.7996 [5] 
Hg22+ + 2 e− 2 Hg(l) +0.80 
N NO3−(aq) + 2 H+ + e− NO2(g) + H2O +0.80 
Au [AuBr4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 Br− +0.85 
Hg2+ + 2 e− Hg(l) +0.85 
MnO4− + H+ + e− HMnO4− +0.90 
Hg 2 Hg2+ + 2 e− Hg22+ +0.91 [2] 
Pd2+ + 2 e− Pd(s) +0.915 [7] 
Au [AuCl4]− + 3 e− Au(s) + 4 Cl− +0.93 
MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + e− Mn3+ + 2 H2O +0.95 
Au [AuBr2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 Br− +0.96 
Br2(l) + 2 e− 2 Br− +1.07 
Br2(aq) + 2 e− 2 Br− +1.09 [9] 
I IO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HIO(aq) + 2 H2O +1.13 
Au [AuCl2]− + e− Au(s) + 2 Cl− +1.15 
Se HSeO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− H2SeO3(aq) + H2O +1.15 
Ag2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 Ag(s) + H2O +1.17 
ClO3− + 2 H+ + e− ClO2(g) + H2O +1.18 
Pt2+ + 2 e− Pt(s) +1.188 [7] 
ClO2(g) + H+ + e− HClO2(aq) +1.19 
I 2 IO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− I2(s) + 6 H2O +1.20 
ClO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− ClO3− + H2O +1.20 
O2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e− 2 H2O +1.23 [9] 
MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Mn2+ + 2H2O +1.23 
Tl3+ + 2 e− Tl+ +1.25 
Cl2(g) + 2 e− 2 Cl− +1.36 [9] 
Cr2O7− − + 14 H+ + 6 e− 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O +1.33 
CoO2(s) + 4 H+ + e− Co3+ + 2 H2O +1.42 
N 2 NH3OH+ + H+ + 2 e− N2H5+ + 2 H2O +1.42 [6] 
I 2 HIO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− I2(s) + 2 H2O +1.44 
Ce4+ + e− Ce3+ +1.44 
BrO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− HBrO(aq) + 2 H2O +1.45 
PbO β-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.460 [2] 
PbO α-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.468 [2] 
Br 2 BrO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Br2(l) + 6 H2O +1.48 
Cl 2ClO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Cl2(g) + 6 H2O +1.49 
MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e− Mn2+ + 4 H2O +1.51 
O HO2· + H+ + e− H2O2(aq) +1.51 
Au3+ + 3 e− Au(s) +1.52 
NiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Ni2+ + 2 OH− +1.59 
Cl 2 HClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Cl2(g) + 2 H2O +1.63 
Ag2O3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e− 2 Ag+ + 3 H2O +1.67 
Cl HClO2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− HClO(aq) + H2O +1.67 
Pb4+ + 2 e− Pb2+ +1.69 [2] 
MnO4− + 4 H+ + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O +1.70 
O H2O2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 H2O +1.78 
AgO(s) + 2 H+ + e− Ag+ + H2O +1.77 
Co3+ + e− Co2+ +1.82 
Au+ + e− Au(s) +1.83 [2] 
BrO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− BrO3− + H2O +1.85 
Ag2+ + e− Ag+ +1.98 [2] 
S2O82− + 2 e− 2 SO42− +2.07 
O3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− O2(g) + H2O +2.075 [7] 
Mn HMnO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O +2.09 
F2(g) + 2 e− 2 F− +2.87 [2][9] 
F2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 HF(aq) +3.05 [2]
来源：
【1】^ Milazzo, G., Caroli, S., and Sharma, V. K. (1978). Tables of Standard Electrode Potentials (Wiley, Chichester). 
【2】^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York). 
【3】^ Bratsch, S. G. (1989). Journal of Physical Chemistry Reference Data Vol. 18, pp. 1–21. 
【4】^ 4.0 4.1 Van&yacute;sek, Petr (2006). "Electrochemical Series," in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 87th Edition (Chemical Rubber Company). 
【5】^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 Van&yacute;sek, Petr (2007). “Electrochemical Series”, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 88th Edition (Chemical Rubber Company). 
【6】^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Edition, Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
【7】^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001). Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc). 
【8】^ 8.0 8.1 Marcel Pourbaix (1966). Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions (NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels). 
【9】`` 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 Peter Atkins (1997). Physical Chemistry, 6th edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, New York). 
【10】^ 10.0 10.1 由−0.454和(2×−0.499 + −0.508) ÷ 3 = −0.502推算出。