标题：母其文
人物经历
1999年毕业于北京大学，获影像医学博士学位；随后为法国波尔多大学放射学博士后、美国威斯康星医学院药物性磁共振功能成像博士后、美国南卡罗纳州医科大学脑刺激功能成像博士后。先后师从于著名药理功能性磁共振成像专家斯坦博士及脑刺激功能成像专家乔治博士(著名放射学家、神经学家和精神学家)、Bohning博士和摩根博士（著名物理学家）；2003年从南卡罗纳州医科大学博士后毕业后，他留在南卡罗纳州医科大学脑刺激实验室、高级影像中心担任研究员，从事功能磁共振成像、扩散、灌注、波谱及结构方面的研究。随着事业的发展，他成为该大学博士及博士后指导老师，现为该中心首席科学家、北京大学客座教授。
母其文通过了美国医学执照基础医学考试 （USMLE Step 1）和临床医学考试(USMLE Step 2 CK)；曾获教育部提名国家科技进步二等奖、中华医学科技进步二等奖等国家级、部省级及市厅级奖励5项。参编专著3部，含英文两部。发表论文50余篇, 包括Biological Psychiatry 等国内外专业核心期刊。部分论文单篇国际上引用达70余次，总引用超过300次。美国神经成像、美国生物精神学、实用放射学、西部医学等杂志邀请审稿专家或编委。现为南充市中心医院院长助理兼影像科主任。
母其文完成多项解剖结构性、功能性磁共振成像项目研究, 包括： （1）2004 年首次用磁共振功能成像检测到不同脉冲宽度迷走神经刺激的急性颅内效应；(2) 2005年用功能性磁共振技术首次发现工作记忆的基线活动水平可以预测睡眠剥夺的易感性；(3) 2007年首次用功能性磁共振成像发现多巴胺协同剂增强了精神分裂症前额叶的血流灌注。
母其文为南充市中心医院带来的经颅磁刺激技术(TMS)项目，在国外已用于多种神经精神疾病的治疗与研究，并被美国FDA批准临床使用，目前北京、上海等地陆续引进并用于临床治疗研究。[1] 但交互式经颅磁刺激磁共振功能成像技术项目（Interleaved Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation functional MagneticResonance Imaging ，TMS-fMRI），一种将经颅磁刺激与磁共振功能成像交互整合起来并用磁共振功能成像来实时检测经颅磁刺激过程中的急性颅脑反应的技术，目前仅在美国、英国、德国等为数不多发达国家研究机构开展。母其文回国后，南充中心医院投入巨资在亚洲成立“脑功能康复与开发成像研究所”。 2011年6月，母其文等在南充成功开展交互式经颅磁刺激磁共振功能成像技术项目，在国内率先用交互式经颅磁刺激磁共振功能成像技术检测到首例人脑经颅磁刺激过程中脑功能活动的改变[2]。
研究兴趣：1. CT和磁共振成像新技术研究应用；2.功能性磁共振成像；3.药理功能性磁共振成像；4.基于体素的形态学测量；5.磁共振弥散成像；6.磁共振灌注成像；7.磁共振波谱；8.早老性痴呆早期结构功能标志；9.经颅脑磁刺激磁共振成像；10.迷走神经刺激成像；11.脑深部刺激成像；12.抑郁症脑功能成像；13.毒品成瘾脑功能成像；14.睡眠障碍对人体认知功能的改变；15.动物研究。
研究特长：1.功能性磁共振成像：设计、数据分析，熟悉最为流行的三大数据处理软件（SPM,AFNI,FSL)；2.药理功能性磁共振成像：设计、数据分析；3.基于体素的形态学测量：分段技术；4.弥散成像：设计、数据分析；5.灌注成像：设计、数据分析；6.磁共振波谱：设计、数据分析；7.经颅脑磁刺激磁共振成像：设计、数据分析；8.迷走神经刺激磁共振成像：设计、数据分析；9.抑郁症脑功能成像：设计、数据分析；10.毒品成瘾功能成像：设计、数据分析。
附：TMS是Barker 等学者于1985年首先创立，是一种利用脉冲电磁场和交变电磁场产生的感应电流作用于大脑中枢神经系统，改变大脑皮层神经细胞的膜电位，影响脑内代谢和神经电位活动，从而引起一系列生理功能反应的一种大脑皮层刺激方法，具有无痛、无损伤、无X线辐射等优点。随着计算机技术的发展，重复经颅磁刺激技术（Repeated TMS，rTMS）在认知神经科学、临床神经精神疾病及康复领域获得越来越多的认可。2004年加拿大批准TMS进入临床应用；2008年美国药品与食物管理局（FDA）批准TMS临床使用治疗药物难治性抑郁症。该技术将被广泛应用于认知科学、神经病学、精神病学、康复医学、小儿脑损伤等临床治疗与研究。TMS-fMRI能让科研人员、临床医务工作者在脑功能刺激成像过程中直接“看”到人脑神经网络协调活动改变，并试图以此调节治疗参数达到最佳治疗效果，同时为人类探索和发挥脑认知功能开辟了新的途径。
Mu Q AJNR 20-207,1999.doc(608.50K)
1. Mu Q, Xie J, Wen Z, Weng Y, Shuyun Z. A quantitative MR study of the hippocampal formation, the amygdala, and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in healthy subjects 40 to 90 years of age. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Feb;20(2):207-11.
Cited 80 times
Record 1 of 79Title: More is less: Emotion induced prefrontal cortex activity habituates in agingAuthor(s): Roalf, DR (Roalf, David R.); Pruis, TA (Pruis, Trisha A.); Stevens, AA (Stevens, Alexander A.); Janowsky, JS (Janowsky, Jeri S.)Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 32 Issue: 9 Pages: 1634-1650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.10.007 Published: SEP 2011 Abstract: Several recent studies have documented age-related changes in brain activity-less amygdala activity and higher prefrontal activity in response to emotional stimuli. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined whether aging also affects the maintenance of activity to emotional stimuli and whether maintenance differs by the valence (negative, neutral and positive) of the pictures. Younger participants had a larger volume of activity in the amygdala but less in the prefrontal cortex than the old. The old showed more habituation to highly arousing negative but not positive or neutral stimuli in prefrontal cortex as compared to younger participants. Thus prefrontal cortex activity indexes emotion in the elderly, but not the young. Amplified prefrontal activity suggests elderly increase cognitive control for negative, highly arousing emotional stimuli, but it is not maintained. Taken together, age-related increases in prefrontal activity and reduced amygdala activity may underlie observed affective changes in aging. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.ISSN: 0197-4580Record 2 of 79Title: Binocular Rivalry: A Window Into Emotional Processing in AgingAuthor(s): Bannerman, RL (Bannerman, Rachel L.); Regener, P (Regener, Paula); Sahraie, A (Sahraie, Arash)Source: PSYCHOLOGY AND AGING Volume: 26 Issue: 2 Pages: 372-380 DOI: 10.1037/a0022029 Published: JUN 2011 Abstract: Previous binocular rivalry studies with younger adults have shown that emotional stimuli dominate perception over neutral stimuli. Here we investigated the effects of age on patterns of emotional dominance during binocular rivalry. Participants performed a face/house rivalry task where the emotion of the face (happy, angry, neutral) and orientation (upright, inverted) of the face and house stimuli were varied systematically. Age differences were found with younger adults showing a general emotionality effect (happy and angry faces were more dominant than neutral faces) and older adults showing inhibition of anger (neutral faces were more dominant than angry faces) and positivity effects (happy faces were more dominant than both angry and neutral faces). Age differences in dominance patterns were reflected by slower rivalry rates for both happy and angry compared to neutral face/house pairs in younger adults, and slower rivalry rates for happy compared to both angry and neutral face/house pairs in older adults. Importantly, these patterns of emotional dominance and slower rivalry rates for emotional-face/house pairs disappeared when the stimuli were inverted. This suggests that emotional valence, and not low-level image features, were responsible for the emotional bias in both age groups. Given that binocular rivalry has a limited role for voluntary control, the findings imply that anger suppression and positivity effects in older adults may extend to more automatic tasks.ISSN: 0882-7974Record 3 of 79Title: Quantization and analysis of hippocampal morphometric changes due to dementia of Alzheimer type using metric distances based on large deformation diffeomorphic metric mappingAuthor(s): Ceyhan, E (Ceyhan, Elvan); Beg, MF (Beg, Mirza Faisal); Ceritoglu, C (Ceritoglu, Can); Wang, L (Wang, Lei); Morris, JC (Morris, John C.); Csernansky, JG (Csernansky, John G.); Miller, MI (Miller, Michael I.); Ratnanather, JT (Ratnanather, J. Tilak)Source: COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS Volume: 35 Issue: 4 Pages: 275-293 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2011.01.005 Published: JUN 2011 Abstract: The metric distance obtained from the large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) algorithm is used to quantize changes in morphometry of brain structures due to neuropsychiatric diseases. For illustrative purposes we consider changes in hippocampal morphometry (shape and size) due to very mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). LDDMM, which was previously used to calculate dense one-to-one correspondence vector fields between hippocampal shapes, measures the morphometric differences with respect to a template hippocampus by assigning metric distances on the space of anatomical images thereby allowing for direct comparison of morphometric differences. We characterize what information the metric distances provide in terms of size and shape given the hippocampal, brain and intracranial volumes. We demonstrate that metric distance is a measure of morphometry (i.e., shape and size) but mostly a measure of shape, while volume is mostly a measure of size. Moreover, we show how metric distances can be used in cross-sectional, longitudinal analysis, as well as left-right asymmetry comparisons, and provide how the metric distances can serve as a discriminative tool using logistic regression. Thus, we show that metric distances with respect to a template computed via LDDMM can be a powerful tool in detecting differences in shape. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.ISSN: 0895-6111
Record 4 of 79
Title: Consistent neuroanatomical age-related volume differences across multiple samples
Author(s): Walhovd, KB (Walhovd, Kristine B.); Westlye, LT (Westlye, Lars T.); Amlien, I (Amlien, Inge); Espeseth, T (Espeseth, Thomas); Reinvang, I (Reinvang, Ivar); Raz, N (Raz, Naftali); Agartz, I (Agartz, Ingrid); Salat, DH (Salat, David H.); Greve, DN (Greve, Doug N.); Fischl, B (Fischl, Bruce); Dale, AM (Dale, Anders M.); Fjell, AM (Fjell, Anders M.)
Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 32 Issue: 5 Pages: 916-932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.05.013 Published: MAY 2011 
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the principal method for studying structural age-related brain changes in vivo. However, previous research has yielded inconsistent results, precluding understanding of structural changes of the aging brain. This inconsistency is due to methodological differences and/or different aging patterns across samples. To overcome these problems, we tested age effects on 17 different neuroanatomical structures and total brain volume across five samples, of which one was split to further investigate consistency (883 participants). Widespread age-related volume differences were seen consistently across samples. In four of the five samples, all structures, except the brainstem, showed age-related volume differences. The strongest and most consistent effects were found for cerebral cortex, pallidum, putamen and accumbens volume. Total brain volume, cerebral white matter, caudate, hippocampus and the ventricles consistently showed non-linear age functions. Healthy aging appears associated with more widespread and consistent age-related neuroanatomical volume differences than previously believed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0197-4580
Record 5 of 79
Title:Normal aging and imaging correlations
Author(s): Schuster, L Schuster, L (Schuster, L.); Essig, M (Essig, M.); Schroder, J (Schroeder, J.)
Source: RADIOLOGE Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Pages: 266-272 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-010-2093-7 Published: APR 2011 
Abstract: Age-related structural, functional and biochemical changes of the brain can be visualized by neuroimaging methods. Physiological aging of the brain has to be clearly distinguished from pathological alterations of the brain for reliable and early diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases. Concerning the speed of the cerebral aging process, significant inter-individual differences can be observed. In general, aging is associated with a decline of cognitive functions. Simultaneously, a decay of the average brain volume, especially in the frontal lobe accompanies the process of aging. Correspondingly, a strong susceptibility for age-related degeneration has been observed in the fronto-striato-thalamic network. Due to increasing age the white matter is affected by a progressive loss of fiber integrity mirrored in a significant decay of the fractionated anisotropy (FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Age-related degeneration of the white matter further leads to a growing number of T2 hyperintense white-matter lesions. Aging also influences the cerebral perfusion pattern leading to a perceptible decay of the global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood volume (CBV). During life, iron accumulates in the brain, predominantly in the globus pallidus and in the substantia nigra. By 1H-MR spectroscopy, a decrease of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) as a correlate for reduced neuronal metabolism is found in the brain of elderly individuals.
ISSN: 0033-832X
Record 6 of 79
Title: Regional heterogeneity in limbic maturational changes: Evidence from integrating cortical thickness, volumetric and diffusion tensor imaging measures
Author(s): Grieve, SM (Grieve, Stuart M.); Korgaonkar, MS (Korgaonkar, Mayuresh S.); Clark, CR (Clark, C. Richard); Williams, LM (Williams, Leanne M.)
Source: NEUROIMAGE Volume: 55 Issue: 3 Pages: 868-879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.087 Published: APR 1 2011 
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of structural brain development have suggested that the limbic system is relatively preserved in comparison to other brain regions with healthy aging. The goal of this study was to systematically investigate age-related changes of the limbic system using measures of cortical thickness, volumetric and diffusion characteristics. We also investigated if the "relative preservation" concept is consistent across the individual sub-regions of the limbic system. T1 weighted structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging data from 476 healthy participants from the Brain Resource International Database was used for this study. Age-related changes in grey matter (GM)/white matter (WM) volume, cortical thickness, diffusional characteristics for the pericortical WM and for the fiber tracts associated with the limbic regions were quantified. A regional variability in the aging patterns across the limbic system was present. Four important patterns of age-related changes were highlighted for the limbic sub-regions: 1. early maturation of GM with late loss in the hippocampus and amygdala; 2. an extreme pattern of GM preservation in the entorhinal cortex; 3. a flat pattern of reduced GM loss in the anterior cingulate and the parahippocampus and; 4. accelerated GM loss in the isthmus and posterior cingulate. The GM volumetric data and cortical thickness measures proved to be internally consistent, while the diffusional measures provided complementary data that seem consistent with the GM trends identified. This heterogeneity can be hypothesized to be associated with age-related changes of cognitive function specialized for that region and direct connections to the other brain regions sub-serving these functions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 1053-8119
Record 7 of 79
Title: Age-related gray matter volume changes in the brain during non-elderly adulthood
Author(s): Terribilli, D (Terribilli, Debora); Schaufelberger, MS (Schaufelberger, Maristela S.); Duran, FLS (Duran, Fabio L. S.); Zanetti, MV (Zanetti, Marcus V.); Curiati, PK (Curiati, Pedro K.); Menezes, PR (Menezes, Paulo R.); Scazufca, M (Scazufca, Marcia); Amaro, E (Amaro, Edson, Jr.); Leite, CC (Leite, Claudia C.); Busatto, GF (Busatto, Geraldo F.)
Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 32 Issue: 2 Pages: 354-368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.02.008 Published: FEB 2011 
Abstract: Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies described consistent age-related gray matter (GM) reductions in the fronto-parietal neocortex, insula and cerebellum in elderly subjects, but not as frequently in limbic/paralimbic structures. However, it is unclear whether such features are already present during earlier stages of adulthood, and if age-related GM changes may follow non-linear patterns at such age range. This voxel-based morphometry study investigated the relationship between GM volumes and age specifically during non-elderly life (18-50 years) in 89 healthy individuals (48 males and 41 females). Voxelwise analyses showed significant (p < 0.05, corrected) negative correlations in the right prefrontal cortex and left cerebellum, and positive correlations (indicating lack of GM loss) in the medial temporal region, cingulate gyrus, insula and temporal neocortex. Analyses using ROI masks showed that age-related dorsolateral prefrontal volume decrements followed non-linear patterns, and were less prominent in females compared to males at this age range. These findings further support for the notion of a heterogeneous and asynchronous pattern of age-related brain morphometric changes, with region-specific non-linear features. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0197-4580
Record 8 of 79
Title: Age-Related Changes of Elements and Relationships Among Elements in Human Hippocampus, Dentate Gyrus, and Fornix
Author(s): Tohno, Y (Tohno, Yoshiyuki); Tohno, S (Tohno, Setsuko); Ongkana, N (Ongkana, Nutcharin); Suwannahoy, P (Suwannahoy, Patipath); Azuma, C (Azuma, Cho); Minami, T (Minami, Takeshi); Mahakkanukrauh, P (Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk)
Source: BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH Volume: 138 Issue: 1-3 Pages: 42-52 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8605-5 Published: WIN 2010 
Abstract: To elucidate compositional changes of the limbic system with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and fomix and the relationships among elements by direct chemical analysis. After ordinary dissections at NaraMedicalUniversity were finished, the hippocampi, dentate gyri, and fomices were resected from identical cerebra of the subjects which consisted of 23 men and 23 women, ranging in age from 70 to 101 years. After ashing with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The average contents of P, Zn, and Na were significantly less in both the hippocampi and dentate gyri compared with the fomices. It was found that the Ca and Mg contents increased significantly in the hippocampus with aging; the P content increased significantly in the dentate gyrus with aging, whereas the Na content decreased in the dentate gyrus with aging; and the Mg content increased significantly in the fornix with aging. Regarding the relationships among elements, a significant direct correlation between Ca and Fe contents and an extremely significant inverse correlation between P and Zn contents were found in both the hippocampi and dentate gyri. In addition, a significant direct correlation between P and Mg contents was found in both the hippocampi and fornices. Pearson's correlation was used to examine whether there were elements with significant correlation among the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, fomix, and mammillary body. Significant correlations were found in five elements of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Fe except for S and Na among the hippocampus, dentate gyms, and mammillary body with one exception. Regarding the fomix, significant correlations were found in two elements of P and Fe between the fornix and hippocampus, dentate gyms, or mammillary body.
ISSN: 0163-4984
Record 9 of 79
Title: Age-Related Changes in the Integration of Gaze Direction and Facial Expressions of Emotion
Author(s): Slessor, G (Slessor, Gillian); Phillips, LH (Phillips, Louise H.); Bull, R (Bull, Rebecca)
Source: EMOTION Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 555-562 DOI: 10.1037/a0019152 Published: AUG 2010 
Abstract: Gaze direction influences younger adults' perception of emotional expressions, with direct gaze enhancing the perception of anger and joy, while averted gaze enhances the perception of fear. Age-related declines in emotion recognition and eye-gaze processing have been reported, indicating that there may be age-related changes in the ability to integrate these facial cues. As there is evidence of a positivity bias with age, age-related difficulties integrating these cues may be greatest for negative emotions. The present research investigated age differences in the extent to which gaze direction influenced explicit perception (e.g., anger, fear and joy; Study 1) and social judgments (e.g., of approachability; Study 2) of emotion faces. Gaze direction did not influence the perception of fear in either age group. In both studies, age differences were found in the extent to which gaze direction influenced judgments of angry and joyful faces, with older adults showing less integration of gaze and emotion cues than younger adults. Age differences were greatest when interpreting angry expressions. Implications of these findings for older adults' social functioning are discussed.
ISSN: 1528-3542
Record 10 of 79
Title: Volumetry of the human amygdala - An anatomical study
Author(s): Brabec, J (Brabec, Jiri); Rulseh, A (Rulseh, Aaron); Hoyt, B (Hoyt, Brian); Vizek, M (Vizek, Martin); Horinek, D (Horinek, Daniel); Hort, J (Hort, Jakub); Petrovicky, P (Petrovicky, Pavel)
Source: PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING Volume: 182 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-72 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.11.005 Published: APR 30 2010 
Abstract: A striking feature of the studies that have addressed the measurement of the amygdala is the wide range of volumes encountered, with reports of volumes ranging from 1 to almost 4 cm(3). Another striking feature is the number of discrepancies in the landmarks adopted for manual tracing in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal of our study was to assess the anatomical volume of the amygdala on the basis of its cytoarchitecture while comparing the differences in age and sex. This study was performed on 21 normal male brains (mean age of 56.8 years) and 9 normal female brains (mean age of 61.2 years). The volume of the amygdala was measured by planimetry of Nissl-stained serial sections using ImageJ software. To address the complexity of the amygdala, we elected to use two types of amygdalar measurement that differ mainly in the definition of anterior pole boundaries. The average size of the classic amygdala was 1.24 cm(3) (S.D. = 0.14), while the average size of the amygdala with wider borders was 1.63 cm(3) (S.D. = 0.2). No interhemispheric or intersexual differences were observed for either type of amygdalar measurement. Neither sex revealed any statistically important relationship between volume of the amygdala and age. Our study was concerned exclusively with the anatomical volume of the amygdala rather than the MM volume. Nevertheless, our results may have important implications for MM studies because as of yet there is no gold standard for manual volumetry of the amygdala. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0925-4927
Record 11 of 79
Title: Emotional target cues eliminate age differences in prospective memory
Author(s): Altgassen, M (Altgassen, Mareike); Phillips, LH (Phillips, Louise H.); Henry, JD (Henry, Julie D.); Rendell, PG (Rendell, Peter G.); Kliegel, M (Kliegel, Matthias)
Source: QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Volume: 63 Issue: 6 Pages: 1057-1064 Article Number: DOI: 10.1080/17470211003770920 Published: 2010 
Abstract: Cue saliency is known to influence prospective memory performance, whereby perceptually or conceptually distinct cues facilitate remembering and attenuate adult age-related deficits. The present study investigated whether similar benefits for older adults are also seen for emotional valence. A total of 41 older and 41 younger adults performed a prospective memory task in which the emotional valence of the prospective memory cues was manipulated. Emotionally valenced cues increased prospective memory performance across both groups. Age deficits were only observed when neutral (but not positive or negative) prospective cues were presented. Findings are consistent with predictions that salient cues facilitate participants' prospective memory performance and reduce age-related differences, while extending the concept of saliency to include emotional valence.
ISSN: 1747-0218
Record 12 of 79
Title: Social and Emotional Aging
Author(s): Charles, ST (Charles, Susan T.); Carstensen, LL (Carstensen, Laura L.)
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY Volume: 61 Pages: 383-409 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100448 Published: 2010 
Abstract: The past several decades have witnessed unidimensional decline models of aging give way to life-span developmental models that consider how specific processes and strategies facilitate adaptive aging. In part, this shift was provoked by the stark contrast between findings that clearly demonstrate decreased biological, physiological, and cognitive capacity and those suggesting that people are generally satisfied in old age and experience relatively high levels of emotional well-being. In recent years, this supposed "paradox" of aging has been reconciled through careful theoretical analysis and empirical investigation. Viewing aging as adaptation sheds light on resilience, well-being, and emotional distress across adulthood.
ISSN: 0066-4308
Record 13 of 79
Title: Aging and the Perception of Emotion: Processing Vocal Expressions Alone and With Faces
Author(s): Ryan, M (Ryan, Melissa); Murray, J (Murray, Janice); Ruffman, T (Ruffman, Ted)
Source: EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-22 Article Number: DOI: 10.1080/03610730903418372 Published: 2010 
Abstract: This study investigated whether the difficulties older adults experience when recognizing specific emotions from facial expressions also occur with vocal expressions of emotion presented in isolation or in combination with facial expressions. When matching vocal expressions of six emotions to emotion labels, older adults showed worse performance on sadness and anger. When matching vocal expressions to facial expressions, older adults showed worse performance on sadness, anger, happiness, and fear. Older adults' poorer performance when matching faces to voices was independent of declines in fluid ability. Results are interpreted with reference to the neuropsychology of emotion recognition and the aging brain.
ISSN: 0361-073X
Record 14 of 79
Title: Hormone therapy does not modify emotion-induced brain activity in older women
Author(s): Pruis, TA (Pruis, T. A.); Roalf, DR (Roalf, D. R.); Janowsky, JS (Janowsky, J. S.)
Source: HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR Volume: 56 Issue: 5 Pages: 539-547 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.09.008 Published: NOV 2009 
Abstract: Sex hormones have actions in brain regions important for emotion, including the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Previous studies have shown that cyclic sex hormones and hormone therapy after menopause modify responses to emotional events. Thus, this study examined whether hormone therapy modified emotion-induced brain activity in older women. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), behavioral ratings (valence and arousal), and recognition memory were used to assess responses to emotionally laden scenes in older women currently using hormone therapy (HT) and women not currently using hormone therapy (NONE). We hypothesized that hormones would affect the amount or persistence of emotion-induced brain activity in the amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPK). However. hormone therapy did not affect brain activity with the exception that NONE women showed a modest increase over time in amygdala activity to positive scenes. Hormone therapy did not affect behavioral ratings or memory for emotional scenes. The results were similar when women were regrouped based on whether they had ever used hormone therapy versus had never used hormone therapy. These results suggest that hormone therapy does not modify emotion-induced brain activity, or its persistence, in older women. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0018-506X
Record 15 of 79
Title: Age differences in perception and awareness of emotion
Author(s):Neiss, MB (Neiss, Michelle B.); Leigland, LA (Leigland, Lindsey A.); Carlson, NE (Carlson, Nichole E.); Janowsky, JS (Janowsky, Jeri S.)
Source: NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Volume: 30 Issue: 8 Pages: 1305-1313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.007 Published: AUG 2009 
Abstract: We investigated the effects of age and gender on emotional perception and physiology using electrodermal skin conductance response (SCR) and examined whether SCR is related to subjective perceptions of emotional pictures. Older adults found pictures to be more positive and arousing than younger participants. Older women rated pictures more extremely at both ends of the valence continuum: they rated positive pictures more positively and negative pictures more negatively. Elders were less likely to show measurable SCRs. However, magnitude of SCRs when a response occurred did not differ between young and old. Subjective ratings of emotion correlated with physiological responses in younger participants, but they were unrelated in older participants. Thus, in older adults the perception of emotional events was disconnected from the physiological state induced by emotion. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 0197-4580
年薪门事件
起因2010年7月7日，在成都举行的“海外高层次人才天府行”签约仪式上，南充市中心医院和美国“海归”博士母其文成功签约。去年8月25日，母其文在接受当地《南充日报》记者采访时说，他放弃45万美元年薪来到南充，是为了把美国的经颅磁刺激技术(TMS)项目用于南充医疗临床研究。
南充“海归”博士母其文接受相关记者独家采访时说：
“不是年薪，是浓浓的亲情，是祖国的巨变吸引我回来”
“不想陷于无聊的口舌之争，我得把更多的精力用于工作，我还有很多事情要做，否则就违背了回国的初衷”
“如果有政府机构向我核实，可以出示聘用信以证实我的年薪”
打击2011年2月16日下午，方舟子在微博公布母其文“年薪45万美元”的聘书照片，“MarkS.George博士已证实，该聘书是母博士伪造的，为了回国招摇。George自己年薪也就11万美元。”
“有留美经历的人都知道，在美国大学拿45万美元年薪属于天方夜谭。”方舟子称，对母其文的质疑是有根据的，聘请母其文的美国南卡罗纳州医科大学是一所州立大学，教学员工属于政府雇员，根据法律规定，工资必须在政府网站公开。他查询后发现，年薪超过5万美元的雇员名单中并没有母其文的名字。
2011年02月19日下午，华西都市报记者电话联系到方舟子，方舟子说：“现在一些‘海归’利用很多人不懂国外的实际情况，夸大自己在国外的收入，以此作为炫耀的资本。”
反击母其文：确有美国教授出价45万年薪聘我，我有教授亲笔签字的邀请信，信上注明工作职位及45万年薪。
在美国南卡罗纳州医科大学官网上，可以查到母其文，是精神医学与行为科学部的高级研究员、首席科学家、放射学家和博导。在放射科，他是一名兼职助理教授。
事件升级
之后，有网民将这篇报道提供给了“打假斗士”方舟子。2011年2月初，网民“Fred”在“新语丝”网站发文，直指母其文得益于“千人人才计划”，虽然师从脑刺激功能成像先驱乔治博士(MarkS.George)，但并非该中心首席科学家，非教授或副教授，也非博士指导老师，“年薪也没有45万，5万差不多。”
回应母其文接受华西都市报记者采访时说：“回到祖国后，确有美国教授出价45万年薪聘我，但我放弃了。我有教授亲笔签字的邀请信，信上注明了我的工作职位及‘45万年薪’。”
反驳“医生执业都要有上岗证，打假为啥没得咧？”母其文表示，此次“年薪”风波给他带来很大的影响，“各项各业都需要‘打假’，但需要准确的‘打假’，胡打，乱打，造成的影响和伤害又该谁来负责呢？有关部门是不是该出台相关法规，规范‘打假’的民间行为！”
“不是年薪，是浓浓的亲情，是祖国的巨变吸引我回来。”昨日上午，身处“年薪门”舆论漩涡中的美国“海归”博士、南充市中心医院院长助理、影像科主任母其文，接受华西都市报记者面对面的独家采访，称不想陷于无聊的口舌之争，只想踏踏实实做事，为更多的病人服务。
只为交互经颅磁刺激磁共振成像在中国开展
海归母其文成功签约南充市中心医院后，曾向媒体称“放弃45万美元年薪回南充，是为了把美国的经颅磁刺激技术(TMS)项目用于南充医疗临床研究”。他的这番话，遭到了网友和“打假斗士”方舟子的质疑。
记者来到南充市中心医院了解情况时，恰逢母其文出差。医院出示了母其文签约时的身份证明，包括一张护照复印件和3份从南卡罗纳州医科大学官网上下载的工作职位及相关个人信息。
面对质疑，母其文在网上贴出脑刺激功能成像先驱乔治博士给他的信，并称：“确实不想给他人看，但是不得已。”
方舟子则表示，“母博士的上司Mark　S.　George博士已证实，该聘用信是母博士伪造的，为了回国招摇。”
母其文表示他不在乎别人怎么说。作为一位科学工作者，他相信事实。他说，如果有政府机构向他核实，他将可以出示聘用信原件并希望通过政府机构出面以科学程序来澄清它不是“伪造”的。目前母其文要做的不为别的，只为经颅磁刺激磁共振成像技术项目在中国开展，为更多的病人服务。
南充市中心医院党委副书记王安果介绍，医院当初和母其文签约时，看重的是他的技术和未来对医院的帮助，不管母其文在美国有多少年薪、房产，医院不会对此做任何评价及参考。
“母其文1988年分配到医院工作，工作了8年，然后考取北京医科大学博士，后来又到法国美国深造。医院对他个人本身就很了解，回来后，他的技术也确实给医院提供了不少帮助，我觉得网友和媒体应该关注他是否对医院和病患提供了切实的帮助，而不是在美国年薪有多少。”南充市中心医院人事科科长钟立明说。
2011年6月，母其文等在南充成功开展交互式经颅磁刺激磁共振功能成像技术项目，在国内率先用交互式经颅磁刺激磁共振功能成像技术检测到首例人脑经颅磁刺激过程中脑功能活动的改变。
关于海归
“我是地地道道的南充人”
“我是地地道道的南充人，父母都在蓬安老家。”尽管海外闯荡11年，母其文仍说一口四川话。
1988年从重庆医科大学医学系毕业，分配到南充地区医院(今南充市中心医院)放射科，8年后，母其文考入北京医科大学(后为北京大学医学部)影像医学博士研究生。1999年，获得博士学位。2000年8月，母其文到法国波尔多大学，做放射学博士后研究。
2002年2月，母其文到美国威斯康星医学院，师从斯坦博士，进行功能性磁共振成像研究，后到美国南卡罗纳州医科大学，师从乔治博士，从事脑功能刺激成像研究。
去年7月7日，在成都举行的“海外高层次人才天府行”签约仪式上，南充市中心医院和母其文成功签约。
“我的妻子和儿子都在美国，我咋可能在美国混不走了呢？”针对网上的说法，母其文觉得很好笑。
2007年，南充市中心医院70周年院庆，母其文作为杰出代表，应邀请参加，那是母其文出国后第一次回国，只呆了一周多时间，“给我最大的感觉是祖国变化太大了，国内许多大城市发展相当不错，人民生活水平也有了很大提高。”母其文回忆他出国时，北京大街上最多的还是自行车，小车少，高档小车几乎没有，“那时有个BB机就洋盘得很！”
回到美国后，母其文向妻子说起想回国发展。母其文说，那时读大学基本上没用家里一分钱，全是祖国培养了我，我学有所成后，该回来为祖国服务。”
坚定母其文回国是去年春节的一次讲学，他受邀为医院放射科医生讲课，医院放射科一台磁共振扫描仪触动了母其文。“和我在美国南卡罗纳州医科大学的机器完全一样，可惜由于技术原因，很多功能都没有开发应用！”像波谱、功能成像等技术根本就没开发，而这些技术对病情诊断很管用，“太浪费了！”
母其文介绍，有一次，母亲胃痛，到南充市中心医院就诊，院长李光明亲自安排医生诊治，同时打电话到美国，叫母其文安心工作，不要担心母亲的身体。
“我的父母年事已高，都在南充。南充市中心医院我工作了8年，在这儿口碑也很好，我觉得回到这里不会有太复杂的人际关系，可以安安心心搞科研，为病人服务。”独自回国的母其文现在住在父母家里，“他们年纪太大，我也好尽一份孝心！”
年薪与身份
2010年8月25日，母其文在接受当地记者采访时说，他放弃45万美元年薪来到南充，是为了把美国的经颅磁刺激技术(TMS)项目用于南充医疗临床研究。
今年春节后，网上却突然对母其文“年薪45万美元”一说提出质疑，甚至对其在美国的身份也表示异议。
方舟子发博质疑
伴随网友的质疑，方舟子在微博上将此事升级，他发微博强调母其文“放弃45万美元年薪”一说有假，“有留美经历的人都知道，在美国大学拿45万美元年薪属于天方夜谭。”方舟子称，对母其文的质疑是有根据的，聘请母其文的美国南卡罗纳州医科大学是一所州立大学，教学员工属于政府雇员，根据法律规定，工资必须在政府网站公开。他查询后发现，年薪超过5万美元的雇员名单中并没有母其文的名字。
华西都市报记者电话联系到方舟子，“现在一些‘海归’利用很多人不懂国外的实际情况，夸大自己在国外的收入，以此作为炫耀的资本。”
我有年薪聘用信
母其文表示，年薪和收入属于个人隐私，别人怎么说，他不在意。当初接受记者采访时，没有意识到这是个人隐私问题，就随口说出来了，但说得是有依据。“回到祖国后，确有美国教授出价45万年薪聘我，但我放弃了。我有教授亲笔签字的邀请信，信上注明了我的工作职位及‘45万年薪’。现在有人质疑，这是我的个人隐私，我也没必要把这些隐私问题向公众和民间组织公布出来。否则，就陷于无聊的口舌之争，我得把更多的精力用于工作，我还有很多事情要做，否则就违背了回国的初衷。如果有政府机构向我核实，可以出示以证实我的年薪。”
到底是什么身份？
母其文回国前，到底是什么身份？昨日上午，华西都市报记者进入美国南卡罗纳州医科大学官方网站，通过“工作人员”查询，依然可以查到母其文，他在学校两个部门工作，在精神医学与行为科学部的职位是高级研究员、首席科学家、放射学家和博导。在放射科是一名兼职助理教授。“学校官方网站不可能有假嘛，居然也有人怀疑我的身份！我觉得挺有意思。”
院方表态
医院考察5个月才聘用
去年2月，母其文就回到南充市中心医院工作，职务是院长助理、影像科主任。
虽然他曾在该院工作多年，又有海外工作经历，为慎重起见，医院还是对他进行了为期5个月的考察。
在此期间，母其文带领他的团队进行了多项CT、磁共振成像新技术开发。李光明介绍，母其文是一名务实的科学家，天天在科室里呆到晚上12点。“他不仅带来先进的CT、磁共振成像新技术，而且他带动了医院务实的科研作风。”
美国年薪不作任何参考
“来南充市中心医院，我只说了自己的经历和科研成果，根本就没说到在美国的年薪。”母其文说，自己不可能故意放大自己在美国的年薪，在国内获取更多的利益。
南充市中心医院党委副书记王安果介绍，医院像母其文这样的实行年薪的专家共有7名，有从德国回来的，有从美国回来的，但中国有自己的国情，“我们不知道他在美国的年薪，那不是我们的参考依据。”据介绍，医院和母其文签订了为期5年的合同，“我们有考核目标，完成任务才会拿到全额的年薪，就是拿完，也远远低于他在美国的收入。”
医院关心的是他的能力
母其文一边看CT片，一边说，前段时间的热议，已经严重影响到他的工作。院长李光明安慰他，“有人关注你，说明你有影响，那就让别人去关注吧，做自己该做的事吧！”
李光明说：“医院关心的是母其文的背景，科研水平，工作能力以及对病人的态度，他在美国的年薪对我们没得任何参考意义！”
“母其文是从我们医院出去的，我们相信其人格魅力和从医水平。”李光明介绍，从母其文回到医院后，CT、磁共振技术已有很大突破，为许多疑难杂症的诊断提供了影像学依据。[3]