标题：奥斯陆协议
协议简介
奥斯陆协议Oslo Accords
       指1993年8月20日以色列总理拉宾和巴勒斯坦解放组织主席阿拉法特在挪威首都奥斯陆秘密会面后达成的和平协议。9月13日，双方于美国白宫草坪签署了《临时自治安排原则宣言》，被认为是以巴和平进程中的里程碑。但在协议签署后两年，拉宾遭以色列极端分子剌杀，其后巴勒斯坦极端势力亦连续发动针对以色列的袭击事件，街头冲突逐渐演变成双方武装对抗，奥斯陆协议的执行遭无限期搁置。
1993年9月,《奥斯陆协议》的签订更让人们以为和平近在咫尺。 然而两年后,一声枪响,以色列总理拉宾的遇刺打破了和平的梦想。
奥斯陆协议的简要内容（英文）
Israel-Palestine Liberation Organization Agreement : 1993
The Government of the State of Israel and the Palestinian team representing the Palestinian people agree that it is time to put an end to decades of confrontation and conflict, recognize their mutual legitimate and political rights, and strive to live in peaceful coexistence and mutual dignity and security to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement and historic reconciliation through the agreed political process. Accordingly, the two sides agree to the following principles.
Article 1 AIM OF THE NEGOTIATIONS
The aim of the Israeli Palestinian negotiations within the current Middle East peace process is, among other things, to establish a Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority, the elected Council, (the "Council") for the Palestinian people in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, for a transitional period not exceeding five years, leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338.
It is understood that the interim arrangements are an integral part of the whole peace process and that the negotiations on the permanent status will lead to implementation of Security Council Resolution 242 and 338.
Article II FRAMEWORK FOR THE INTERIM PERIOD
The agreed framework for the interim period is set in this declaration of principles.
Article III ELECTIONS
1. In order that the Palestinian people in the West Bank and Gaza Strip may govern themselves according to democratic principles, direct, free and general political elections will be held for the Council under agreed supervision and international observation, while Palestinian police will insure public order.
2. An agreement will be concluded on the exact mode and conditions of the elections in accordance with the protocol attached as Annex I, with the goal of holding the elections not later than nine months after the entry into force of this Declaration of Principles.
3. The elections will constitute a significant interim preparatory step toward the realization of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people and their just requirements.
Article IV JURISDICTION
Jurisdiction of the Council will cover West Bank and Gaza territory, except for issues that will be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations. The two sides view the West Bank and Gaza Strip as a single territorial unit, whose integrity will be preserved during the interim period.
Article V TRANSITIONAL PERIOD AND PERMANENT STATUS NEGOTIATIONS
1. The five-year transitional period will begin upon the withdrawal from the Gaza strip and Jericho area.
2. Permanent status negotiations will commence as soon as possible, but not later than the beginning of the third year of the interim period between the Government of Israel and the Palestinian people representatives.
3. It is understood that these negotiations shall cover remaining issues, including: Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, security arrangements, border, relations and cooperation with their neighbors, and other issues of common interest.
4. The two parties agreed that the outcome of the permanent status negotiations should not be prejudiced or preempted by agreements reached for the interim period.
Article VI PREPARATORY TRANSFER OF POWERS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Upon the entry into force of this Declaration of Principles and withdrawal from the Gaza and Jericho area, a transfer of authority from Israeli military government and its Civil Administration to the authorized Palestinians for this task, as detailed herein, will commence. This transfer of authority will be of preparatory nature until the inauguration of the Council.
2. Immediately after the entry into force of this Declaration of Principles and the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and the Jericho area, with the view of promoting economic development in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, authority will be transferred to the Palestinians on the following spheres: education and culture, health, social welfare, direct taxation, and tourism, the Palestinian side will commence in building the Palestinian police, as agreed upon. Pending the inauguration of the Council, the two parties may negotiate the transfer of additional powers and responsibilities, as agreed upon.
Article VII INTERIM AGREEMENT
1. The Israeli and Palestinian delegations will negotiate an agreement on the interim period (the "Interim Agreement").
2. The Interim Agreement shall specify, among other things, the structure of the Council, the number of its members, and the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the Israeli military government and its Civil Administration to the Council. The Interim Agreement shall also specify the Council's executive authority, legislative authority in accordance with Article IX below, and the independent Palestinian judicial organs.
3. The Interim Agreement shall include arrangements, to be implemented upon the inauguration of the Council, for the assumption by the Council of all of the powers and responsibilities transferred previously in accordance with Article VI above.
4. In order to enable the Council to promote economic growth, upon its inauguration, the Council will establish, among other things, a Palestinian Electricity Authority, a Gaza Sea Port Authority, a Palestinian Development Bank, a Palestinian Export Promotion Board, a Palestinian Environmental Authority, a Palestinian Land Authority and a Palestinian Water Administration Authority, and any other authorities agreed upon, in accordance with the Interim Agreement that will specify their powers and responsibilities.
5. After the inauguration of the Council, the Civil Administration will be dissolved, and the Israeli military government will be withdrawn.
Article VIII PUBLIC ORDER AND SECURITY
In order to guarantee public order and internal security for the Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the Council will establish a strong police force, while Israel will continue to carry the responsibility for defending against external threats, as well as the responsibility for overall security of Israelis for the purpose of safeguarding their internal security and public order.
Article IX LAWS AND MILITARY ORDERS
1. The Council will be empowered to legislate, in accordance with the Interim Agreement, within all authorities transferred to it.
2. Both parties will review jointly laws and military orders presently in force in remaining spheres.
Article X JOINT ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN LIAISON COMMITTEE
In order to provide for a smooth implementation of this Declaration of Principles and any subsequent agreements pertaining to the interim period, upon the entry into force of this Declaration of Principles, a Joint Israeli-Palestinian Liaison Committee will be established in order to deal with issues requiring coordination, other issues of common interest, and disputes.
Article XI ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN COOPERATION IN ECONOMIC FIELDS
Recognizing the mutual benefit of cooperation in promoting the development of the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and Israel, upon the entry into force of this Declaration of Principles, an Israeli- Palestinian Economic Cooperation Committee will be established in order to develop and implement in a cooperative manner the programs identified in the protocols attached as Annex III and Annex IV.
Article XII LIAISON AND COOPERATION WITH JORDAN AND EGYPT
The two parties will invite the Governments of Jordan and Egypt to participate in establishing further liaison and cooperation arrangements between the Government of Israel and the Palestinian representatives on one hand, and the Governments of Jordan and Egypt, on the other hand, to promote cooperation between them. These arrangements will include the constitution of a Continuing Committee that will decide by agreement on the modalities of admission of persons displaced from the West Bank and Gaza Strip in 1967, together with necessary measures to prevent disruption and disorder. Other matters of common concern will be dealt with by the Committee.
Article XIII REDEPLOYMENT OF ISRAELI FORCES
1. After the entry into force of this Declaration of Principles, and not later than the eve of elections for the Council, a redeployment of Israeli military forces in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip will take place, in addition to withdrawal of Israeli forces carried out in accordance with Article XIV.
2. In redeploying its military forces, Israel will be guided by the principle that its military forces should be redeployed outside populated areas.
3. Further redeployments to specified location will be gradually implemented commensurate with the assumption of responsibility for public order and internal security by the Palestinian police force pursuant to Article VIII above.
Article XIV ISRAELI WITHDRAWAL FROM THE GAZA STRIP AND JERICHO AREA
Israel will withdraw from the Gaza Strip and Jericho area, as detailed in the protocol attached as Annex II.
Article XV RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES
1. Disputes arising out of the application or interpretation of the Declaration of Principles, or any subsequent agreements pertaining to the interim period, shall be resolved by negotiations through the Joint Liaison Committee to be tablished pursuant to Article X above.
2. Disputes which cannot be settled by negotiations may be solved by a mechanism of conciliation to be agreed upon by the parties.
3. The parties may agree to submit to arbitration disputes lating to the interim period, which cannot be settled through reconciliation. To this end, upon the agreement of both parties, the parties will establish an Arbitration Committee.
Article XVI ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN COOPERATION CONCERNING REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Both parties view the multilateral working groups as an appropriate instrument for promoting a "Marshall Plan," the for the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as indicated in the protocol attached as Annex IV.
Article XVII MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
1. This Declaration of Principles will enter into force one month after its signing.
2. All protocols annexed to this Declaration of Principles and Agreed Minutes pertaining thereto shall be regarded as an integral part hereof.
背景
谈话导致协议是起初 和以后 . 主要建筑师在计划之后是 Johan J□en Holst (挪威外交部长), Terje R□拉尔森 并且 Mona Juul. 交涉被承担了在总秘密。
协议的原则
实质上, 撤退以色列军队从 和 和自治的巴勒斯坦人在那些区域之内通过创作 巴勒斯坦当局. 巴勒斯坦规则会持续期间永久状态会谈判的一个五年暂时的期间在(起点不更晚比1996 5月) 。 永久问题譬如 , 难民、以色列解决在区域, 安全和疆界从协议故意地被排除了和被确定了依照没被预断。 暂时的自治将被授予在阶段之内。 
直到一份最后的状态协议被做了, 约旦河西岸和加沙会被划分成三个区域: 
区域A - 巴勒斯坦当局的完全控制。 
区域B - 巴勒斯坦民用控制, 以色列军事控制。 
区域C - 充分的以色列控制。 
与原则一起二个小组签字 互相承认信件 - 以色列政府认可了PLO 作为巴勒斯坦人的合法的代表当PLO 认可了以色列的权利存在并且放弃了恐怖主义、暴力和它的欲望为以色列的破坏。
协议的文章
协议包含了17 篇文章, 4 附录, 和同意分钟。 下列是一个简要的总结根据实际协议:文章1: 交涉的目标以色列巴勒斯坦交涉的目标在之内 中东和平进程 是建立巴勒斯坦暂时的自已政府当局, 当选委员会, 为巴勒斯坦人在 和 , 一个过渡周期不超出五年, 导致永久解决根据 和 联合国安全理事会决议338, 整体和平进程的整体部分。文章2: 框架为暂时的期间协议框架为暂时的期间被指出了在原则声明。文章3: 巴勒斯坦竞选为了巴勒斯坦人应该治理自己根据民主原则, 直接, 任意和一般政治竞选会举行为委员会在同意的监督和国际观察下, 当巴勒斯坦警察会保证公共秩序。文章4: 巴勒斯坦理事会的司法巴勒斯坦委员会的司法会包括西岸和加沙地带, 除了会谈判在永久状态交涉的问题。 双方观看了西岸和加沙地带作为一个唯一领土单位, 正直将被保存在暂时的期间。文章5: 转折和永久状态五年过渡周期从撤退会开始从加沙地带和 区域。 永久状态交涉尽快会开始在以色列和巴勒斯坦代表之间。 它被了解, 交涉应该包括残余的问题, 有: , 难民、解决、安全安排、疆界、与其它邻居的联系和合作, 和其它共同利益的问题。文章6: 力量调动在原则声明和撤退从加沙地带和Jericho 地区的生效, 当局调动从 政府和它的民用管理对授权巴勒斯坦人将开始在以下球形: 教育和文化、健康、社会保障、直接征税, 和旅游业。文章7: 未来临时协定以色列和巴勒斯坦代表团将谈判一个协议在暂时的期间(以著名 临时协定) 哪些会指定委员会、调动力量和责任从以色列军事政府和它的民用管理的结构对将建立, 尤其, 巴勒斯坦电当局、加沙 海港当局、巴勒斯坦开发银行、巴勒斯坦促进出口委员会、巴勒斯坦环境当局、巴勒斯坦土地当局和巴勒斯坦水管理当局的委员会, 并且任何其它当局同意, 与将指定他们的力量和责任的临时协定符合。 
在委员会的就职典礼以后, 民用管理将被溶化, 并且以色列军事政府将被撤出。文章8: 公共秩序委员会会建立强的警察, 当以色列将继续运载对保卫的责任反对外部危机, 并且对以色列人整体安全的责任为保障他们的内部安全和公共秩序的目的。文章9: 法律和军事命令委员会会被授权立法, 与临时协定符合, 在所有当局之内转移到它。 两个党目前联合会回顾法律和军事命令生效在残余的球形。文章10: 连络委员会一个联合以色列巴勒斯坦连络委员会会建立为了应付问题要求协调, 其它共同利益的问题, 和争执。文章11: 经济合作以色列巴勒斯坦经济合作委员会将建立为了显现出并且实施以节目辨认在协议的合作方式。文章12: 约旦和埃及政府 和 会被邀请参加建立更加进一步的连络和合作安排在以色列和巴勒斯坦代表, 一方面, 和约旦和埃及的政府之间, 另一方面, 促进合作在他们之间。文章13: 以色列变更部署以色列军事力量的变更部署在约旦河西岸和加沙地带会发生。文章14: 以色列撤退以色列从加沙地带和Jericho 地区会让步。文章15: 解决争端争执将由交涉解决通过联合连络委员会建立。 争执哪些无法由交涉安定可以由缓和机制解决由党同意。文章16: 地区项目以色列人和巴勒斯坦人观看多边工作团体作为为促进的一台适当的仪器"", 地区项目和其它节目, 包括特别节目为西岸和加沙地带。文章17: 其它provisisions原则声明会生效一个月在它签字以后。 所有协议被吞并对原则声明和同意的分钟附属对它, 应该被看待作为它一部分。
协议的附录
附录1: 竞选的条件竞选竞选协议、系统, 规则和章程关于竞选活动, 包括同意的安排为组织大众传播媒体, 和准许广播和电视台的可能性。附录2: 以色列人军队撤退关于撤退的一个协议以色列军事力量从加沙地带和Jericho 地区。 这个协议将包括全面安排申请在加沙地带和Jericho 地区随后对以色列撤退。 
上述协议将包括, 尤其: 
安排为当局光滑和平安的调动从以色列军事政府和它的民用管理对巴勒斯坦代表。 
结构、巴勒斯坦当局的力量和责任在这些区域, 除了: 外在安全、解决、以色列人, 外交关系, 和其他相互同意事态。 
安排为内部安全和公共秩序的做法由巴勒斯坦警察包括警察从国外吸收了当地和拿着约旦护照和巴勒斯坦文件由埃及发布) 。 那些将参加巴勒斯坦警察来从国外应该被训练作为警察和警察。 
临时国际或外国存在, 依照同意。 
一个联合巴勒斯坦以色列协调和合作委员会的创立为相互安全purposes 。 
安排为一个安全段落为人和运输在加沙地带和Jericho 地区之间。 
安排为协调在两个党之间关于段落:  加沙- 埃及; 并且Jericho - 约旦。附录3: 经济合作双方同意建立以色列巴勒斯坦继续的委员会为经济合作, 集中, 尤其, 于以下: 
合作在水的领域。 
合作在电领域。 
合作在能量领域。 
合作在财务领域。 
合作在运输和通信领域。 
合作在通商贸易领域。 
合作在产业领域。 
合作, 和章程, 劳资关系和 
合作在社会保障问题。 
一个环境保护计划。 
合作在通信和媒介领域。附录4: 区域发展双方将合作就多边和平努力的状况在促进一个发展方案为区域, 包括约旦河西岸和加沙地带, 被创始 G-7.
协议的同意的分钟
周详A: 一般理解
所有力量和责任转移到巴勒斯坦人通过原则声明在委员会的就职典礼之前将是依于同样原则附属对文章IV, 依照开始在同意的分钟内如下。 
分钟B: 具体理解
文章IV: 委员会的司法
它将被了解那: 委员会的司法会包括约旦河西岸和加沙地带疆土, 除了会谈判在永久状态交涉的问题: 耶路撒冷、解决、军事地点, 和以色列人。 委员会的司法会申请关于同意的力量、责任、球形和当局转移到它。 
文章VI (2): 转移的当局
它同意, 当局调动会是如下: 巴勒斯坦人会通知以色列人s 会承担力量、权限和责任会转移到巴勒斯坦人根据原则声明在以下领域授权巴勒斯坦人的名字: 教育和文化、健康、社会保障、直接征税、旅游业, 和任何其它当局同意。 
文章VII (2): 合作
临时协定并且会包括安排为协调和合作。 
文章VII (5): 以色列的力量
撤退军事政府不会防止以色列行使力量和责任没转移到委员会。 
文章VIII: 警察
它被了解, 临时协定会包括安排为合作和协调。 它并且同意, 力量和责任调动到巴勒斯坦警察会被完成以被逐步采用的方式。 
文章X: 选定官员
它同意, 以色列和巴勒斯坦代表团会交换个体的名字由他们选定作为会做出决定由协议联合以色列巴勒斯坦连络委员会的成员。 
附录II: 以色列的继续的责任
它被了解, 随后对以色列撤退, 以色列会继续负责对外在安全, 并且为内部安全和解决和以色列人公共秩序。