标题：标准溶液
简介
standard solution
援引美国加联数据库定义已知准确浓度的溶液。在滴定分析中常用作滴定剂。在其他的分析方法中用标准溶液绘制工作曲线或作计算标准。
配制方法
配制方法有两种，一种是直接法，即准确称量基准物质，溶解后定容至一定体积；另一种是标定法，即先配制成近似需要的浓度，再用基准物质或用标准溶液来进行标定。
已知准确浓度的溶液，在容量分析中用作滴定剂，以滴定被测物质。 
如果试剂符合基准物质的要求 (组成与化学式相符、纯度高、稳定)，可以直接配制标准溶液，即准确称出适量的基准物质，溶解后配制在一定体积的容量瓶内。可由下式计算应称取的基准物质的重量W：W=ΜV·基准物质的摩尔质量。式中Μ和V分别为所需配制的溶液的摩尔浓度和体积。利用上式可计算出标准溶液的浓度。
如果试剂不符合基准物质的要求，则先配成近似于所需浓度的溶液，然后再用基准物质准确地测定其浓度，这个过程称为溶液的标定。
详细说明
已知准确浓度的溶液,在容量分析中用作滴定剂,以滴定被测物质。 
如果试剂符合基准物质的要求 (组成与化学式相符、纯度高、稳定)，可以直接配制标准溶液,即准确称出适量的基准物质，溶解后配制在一定体积的容量瓶内。可由下式计算应称取的基准物质的重量W： W=ΜV·基准物质的摩尔质量
式中Μ和V分别为所需配制的溶液的摩尔浓度和体积。利用上式可计算出标准溶液的浓度,例如称取1.480克基准物质重铬酸钾，在250毫升容量瓶内配成溶液,重铬酸钾溶液的摩尔浓度为：（图1）  图1如果试剂不符合基准物质的要求，则先配成近似于所需浓度的溶液，然后再用基准物质准确地测定其浓度，这个过程称为溶液的标定。例如氢氧化钠容易吸收二氧化碳和水，难以提纯，为了配制氢氧化钠标准溶液，只需粗略称出氢氧化钠的重量，把它溶解在蒸馏水中，稀释至所需体积，然后用邻苯二甲酸氢钾为基准物质标定氢氧化钠溶液。例如称出0.4985克邻苯二甲酸氢钾，标定时消耗 24.02毫升氢氧化钠溶液。已知邻苯二甲酸氢钾的摩尔质量为204.2,则氢氧化钠溶液的摩尔浓度为：（图2）  图2标准溶液研制单位标准溶液有进口标准溶液和国内标准溶液之分，国内的标准溶液有钢铁研究总院（北京纳克分析仪器有限公司），国家标物中心；国外进口的有美国标准局（NIST）和美国加联等单位。        其中以美国标准局（NIST）的标准溶液权威性最高，国内标准溶液应与之进行比对溯源后，方可使用国内无机元素标准溶液一览表编号元素符号浓度规格介质GSBG62001-90锂Li1000ppm50mL10%HClGSBG62002-90铍Be1000ppm50mL10%HNO3GSBG62003-90硼B1000ppm50mLH2OGSBG62004-90钠Na1000ppm50mLH2OGSBG62005-90镁Mg1000ppm50mL5%HClGSBG62006-90铝Al1000ppm50mL10%HClGSBG62007-90硅Si500ppm50mL1%Na2CO3GSBG62008-90磷P1000ppm50mLH2OGSBG62009-90磷P1000ppm50mLH2OGSBG62010-90硫S1000ppm50mLH2OGSBG62011-90钾K1000ppm50mLH2OGSBG62012-90钙Ca1000ppm50mL5%HClGSBG62013-90钪Sc1000ppm50mL10%HNO3GSBG62014-90钛Ti1000ppm50mL10%H2SO4GSBG62015-90钒V1000ppm50mL10%H2SO4GSBG62016-90钒V1000ppm50mL10%HClGSBG62017-90铬Cr1000ppm50mL10%HClGSBG62018-90锰Mn1000ppm50mL5%H2SO4GSBG62019-90锰Mn1000ppm50mL10%HNO3GSBG62020-90铁Fe1000ppm50mL10%HClGSBG62021-90钴Co1000ppm50mL5%HNO3GSBG62022-90镍Ni1000ppm50mL5%HNO3GSBG62023-90铜Cu1000ppm50mL5%H2SO4GSBG62024-90铜Cu1000ppm50mL10%HClGSBG62025-90锌Zn1000ppm50mL10%HCl
WELL-GROUP混标
美国加联提供单标和混标标准溶液，介质都是水质、硝酸、盐酸等
Element元素Source, Purity, MatrixCat. No.编号Aluminum(铝)Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HClWPS-10001-1
WPS-10001-2Antimony(锑)Sb metal, 99.999%, 10%HCl
Sb metal, 99.999%, 5% HNO3+Trace HFWPS-10002-2
WPS-10002-3Arsenic(砷)As metal, 99.999%,2% HNO3
As metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl
As2O3 as As,99.999%, 2%HCL
As metal as As,99.999%, 2%NaOHWPS-10003-1
WPS-10003-2
WPS-10003-6
WPS-10003-7Barium(钡)BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 
BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-10004-1
WPS-10004-2Beryllium(铍)Be metal, 99.5%, 2%HNO3
Be metal 99.5%, 2%HClWPS-10005-1
WPS-10005-2Bismuth(铋)Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3
Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HClWPS-10006-1
WPS-10006-2Boron(硼)H3BO3, 99.99%, H2OWPS-10007-4Cadmium(镉)Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3
Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HClWPS-10008-1 WPS-10008-2Calcium(钙)CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HNO3
CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HClWPS-10009-1
WPS-10009-2Carbon(碳)Na2C2O4, 99.9+%, H2OWPS-100071-4Cerium(铈)CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100010-1
WPS-100010-2Cesium(锶)Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3
Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HClWPS-100011-1
WPS-100011-2Chromium(铬)Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl
Cr metal as Cr+3,99.999%, 2%HCl
K2Cr2o as Cr,99.998%, H2OWPS-100012-1
WPS-100012-2
WPS-100012-6
WPS-100012-7Cobalt(钴)Co metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3
Co metal, 99.998%, 2%HClWPS-100013-1
WPS-100013-2Copper(铜)Cu metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Cu metal, 99.999%, 2%HClWPS-100014-1
WPS-100014-2Dysprosium(镝)Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100015-1
WPS-100015-2Erbium(铒)Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100016-1
WPS-100016-2Europium(铕)Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100017-1
WPS-100017-2Gadolinium(钆)Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100018-1
WPS-100018-2Gallium(镓)Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HClWPS-100019-1
WPS-100019-2Germanium(锗)(NH4)2 GeF5, 99.99%, 1% HNO3
Ge metal, 99.999%, 5% Oxalic AcidWPS-100020-1
WPS-100020-5Gold(金)Au metal, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100021-2Hafnium(铪)Hf metal, 99.9%, 2% HNO3 +0.5%HFWPS-100022-3Holmium(钬)Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100023-1
WPS-100023-2Indium(铟)In metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
In metal, 99.999%, 2% HClWPS-100024-1
WPS-100024-2Iridium(铱)(NH4) 3IrCl6, 99.998%,10%HCl,100mLWPS-100025-2Iron(铁)Fe metal, 99.999,2% HNO3
Fe metal, 99.999,2% HClWPS-100026-1
WPS-100026-2Lanthanum(镧)La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HClWPS-100027-1
WPS-100027-2Lead(铅)Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HNO3
Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HClWPS-100028-1
WPS-100028-2Lithium(锂)Li2CO3, 99.995%, 2% HNO3
LiCl, 99.999%, 1% HCl
Li2CO3, 99.5%, 1% HNO3WPS-100029-1
WPS-100029-2
WPS-100029-6lLutetium(镥)Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HNO3
Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100030-1
WPS-100030-2Magnesium(镁)Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HNO3
Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100031-1
WPS-100031-2Manganese(锰)Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100032-1
WPS-100032-2Mercury(汞)Hg metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3WPS-100033-1Molybdenum(钼)Mo metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl
Mo metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3+HF
(NH4) 2 MoO4, 99.999%, H2OWPS-100034-2
WPS-100034-3
WPS-100034-4Neodymium(钕)Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100035-1
WPS-100035-2Nickel(镍)Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HClWPS-100036-1
WPS-100036-2Niobium(铌)Nb metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HFWPS-100037-3Osmium(锇)(NH4) 2 OsCl6, 99.996%, 10%HCl, 100mLWPS-100070-2Palladium(钯)Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3
Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HClWPS-100038-1
WPS-100038-2Phosphorus(磷)(NH4) H2PO4, 99.95%, 0.05%, HNO3WPS-100039-1Platinum(铂)Pt metal, 99.99%, 5%HClWPS-100040-2Potassium(钾)KNO3, 99.999%, 1% HNO3
KCl, 99.99%, 1%HClWPS-100041-1
WPS-100041-2Praseodymium(镨)Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100042-1
WPS-100042-2Rhenium(铼)Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100043-1
WPS-100043-2Rhodium(铑)(NH4) 3 RhCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mLWPS-100044-2Rubidium(铷)RbNO3, 99.95%, 2% HNO3
RbCl, 99.95%, 2%HClWPS-100045-1
WPS-100045-2Ruthenium(钌)(NH4) 2RuCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mLWPS-100046-2Samarium(钐)Sm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Sm2O3, 99.99%,2% HClWPS-100047-1
WPS-100047-2Scandium(钪)Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100048-1
WPS-100048-2Selenium(硒)Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100049-1
WPS-100049-2Silicon(硅)Na2SiO3, 99.99%, H2O
(NH4) 2SiF6, 99.99%H2OWPS-100050-4
WPS-100050-4FSilver(银)Ag metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3WPS-100051-1Sodium(钠)NaNO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3
NaCl, 99.98%, 1%HClWPS-100052-1
WPS-100052-2StrontiumSrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
SrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100053-1
WPS-100053-2Sulfur(硫)H2SO4, 99.999%, H2OWPS-100054-5Tantalum(钽)Ta metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HFWPS-100055-3Tellurium(碲)Te metal, 99.99%, 2%HCl
Te metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.2%HFWPS-100056-2
WPS-100056-3Terbium(铽)Tb4O7, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Tb4O7, 99.99%,2% HClWPS-100057-1
WPS-100057-2Thallium(铊)Ti metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3WPS-100058-1Thorium(钍)ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100059-1
WPS-100059-2Thulium(铥)Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100060-1
WPS-100060-2Tin(锡)Sn metal, 99.998%, 20%HCl
Sn metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HFWPS-100061-2
WPS-100061-3Titanium(钛)Ti metal, 99.99%, 20%HCl
Ti metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.1%HFWPS-100062-2
WPS-100062-3Tungsten(钨)W metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3+0.5%HFWPS-100063-3UraniumU3O8, 99.968%, 2% HNO3WPS-100064-1Vanadium(钒)NH2VO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3
NH4VO3, 99.99%, 2% HClWPS-100065-1
WPS-100065-2Ytterbium(镱)Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3
Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HClWPS-100066-1
WPS-100066-2Yttrium(钇)Y2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3
Y2O3, 99.99,2% HClWPS-100067-1
WPS-100067-2Zinc(锌)Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3
Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HClWPS-100068-1
WPS-100068-2Zirconium(锆)Zr metal, 99.84%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HFWPS-100069-3