标题：鱼藤酮
基本信息
中文名称： 鱼藤酮
英文名称： rotenone
中文名称2： 毒鱼藤
英文名称2： tubatoxin
化学名：[2R -( 2a α,6a α,12a α)-1,2,12a-四氢-8,9-二甲氧基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)[1]苯并吡喃[3,4-b]糠酰[2,3-h][1]苯并吡喃-6(6aH)-酮  CAS No.： 83-79-4
分子式： C23H22O6
分子量： 394.45
外观与性状： 无色斜方片状结晶。
熔点(℃)： 165~166
沸点(℃)： 210(0.067kPa)
相对密度(水=1)： 1.27(20℃)
溶解性： 不溶于水，溶于醇、丙酮、氯仿、四氯化碳、乙醚等。
主要用途： 用作农用杀虫剂，也可防治人畜体外寄生虫及用于生化研究。
杀虫机理
鱼藤酮广泛地存在于植物的根皮部，在毒理学上是一种专属性很强的物质，对昆虫尤其是菜粉蝶幼虫、小菜蛾和蚜虫具有强烈的触杀和胃毒两种作用。早期的研究表明鱼藤酮的作用机制主要是影响昆虫的呼吸作用，主要是与NADH 脱氢酶与辅酶 Q之间的某一成分发生作用。鱼藤酮使害虫细胞的电子传递链受到抑制，从而降低生物体内的 ATP水平最终使害虫得不到能量供应，然后行动迟滞、麻痹而缓慢死亡。
许多生物细胞中的线粒体、NADH 脱氢酶、丁二酸、甘露醇以及其它物质对鱼藤酮都存在一定的敏感性。Setayria cervi 线粒体中从 NADPH 到NADH这一过程的电子传递可被鱼藤酮高度抑制，并且丝虫寄生物 Setaria digitata 线粒体颗粒中的反丁烯二酸还原酶系统的活性对鱼藤酮敏感。鱼藤酮和水杨氧肟酸可抑制 Trypanosoma brucei brucei 线粒体内膜的电动势 EMT ，从而间接地影响 NADH脱氢酶的活性;鱼藤酮还可抑制 Trypanosoma brucei brucei 线粒体呼吸链中的NADH到细胞色素C和 NADH到辅酶Q还原酶的活性，抑制率高达 80%～ 90%。
防治对象
蚜虫、黄条跳甲、蓟马、黄守瓜、猿叶虫、菜青虫等。
产品特点
1、专属性强，杀虫迅速；对昆虫、尤其是蚜虫、蓟马和跳甲有很强的杀除作用，对菜粉蝶幼虫、小菜蛾等幼虫有强烈的触杀和胃毒作用。
2、持效期长；鱼藤酮的杀虫持效期长，在10天左右。
3、见光易分解，残留极少；在叶子外表的药液见光极易分解，不会污染环境，施药间隔期3天。
4、对环境、人畜安全。鱼藤酮除对水生动物有害外，对其他人畜安全，不会污染环境。
防治对象：蚜虫、黄条跳甲、蓟马、黄守瓜、猿叶虫、菜青虫等。
作用机理
鱼藤酮的进入人体的作用机理是线粒体呼吸链，导致人体出现呼吸困难和惊厥等呼吸体统障碍
备注
健康危害： 误服会中毒。对眼睛、皮肤有刺激作用。急性中毒可出现恶心、呕吐、胃痛、腹泻、惊厥、震颤。对肝、肾有损害作用。
燃爆危险： 本品可燃，有毒，具刺激性。
危险特性： 与明火或灼热的物体接触时能产生剧毒的光气。　　
使用技术
鱼藤酮主要用于喷雾，从害虫迅速发生初期或卵孵化盛期开始用药，喷药应均匀、周到。一般每667平方米使用2.5%乳油100-150毫升，或7.5%乳油33—50毫升，对水30～45升喷雾。　　
注意事项
鱼藤酮不能与碱性药剂混用。本剂对家畜、鱼类和家蚕高毒，施药时要避免药液飘移到附近水池及桑树卜．红水廖A中易分解，应随配随用；应贮存于阴凉、黑暗处，避免高温、曝光，远离火源。十字花科蔬菜的安全采收间隔期为3天。[1]
物质毒性
编号毒性类型测试方法测试对象使用剂量毒性作用1acute Oral Human 143 mg/kg 1.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - other changes2acute Unreported Human - man 294 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value3acute Oral Rodent - rat 60 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value4acute Inhalation Rodent - rat 500 mg/m3/30M 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value5acute Administration onto the skin Rodent - rat >940 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value6acute Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 1600 ug/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold2.行为毒性Behavioral - coma3.心脏毒性Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP7acute Intravenous Rodent - rat 200 ug/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold2.行为毒性Behavioral - coma3.心脏毒性Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP8acute Unreported Rodent - rat 132 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value9acute Oral Rodent - mouse 2800 ug/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value10acute Intraperitoneal Rodent - mouse 2650 ug/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value11acute Oral Mammal - dog 300 mg/kg 1.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach2.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting12acute Intravenous Mammal - dog 650 ug/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - ataxia2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation3.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting13acute Intravenous Mammal - cat 650 ug/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - ataxia2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation3.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting14acute Oral Rodent - rabbit 1600 mg/kg 1.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach2.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea15acute Administration onto the skin Rodent - rabbit >1 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value16acute Subcutaneous Rodent - rabbit 20 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value17acute Intravenous Rodent - rabbit 350 ug/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - ataxia2.行为毒性Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation18acute Intramuscular Rodent - rabbit 5 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value19acute Oral Mammal - pig 3700 ug/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - ataxia2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression3.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting20acute Oral Rodent - guinea pig 100 mg/kg 1.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema2.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach21acute Intraperitoneal Rodent - guinea pig 10 mg/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold2.行为毒性Behavioral - ataxia3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression22acute Intravenous Bird - pigeon 1 mg/kg 1.行为毒性Behavioral - ataxia2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation3.胃肠道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting23acute Oral Bird - duck >2 mg/kg 1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value24acute Oral Amphibian - frog 4 mg/kg 1.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea25MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 1505 mg/kg/14D-C 1.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death26MutipleDose Oral Rodent - rat 5460 mg/kg/13W-C 1.肝毒性Liver - changes in liver weight2.血液毒性Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death27MutipleDose Oral Rodent - mouse 54600 mg/kg/13W-C 1.肝毒性Liver - changes in liver weight2.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death28MutipleDose Oral Rodent - hamster 180 mg/kg/9D-C 1.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema2.营养和代谢系统毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain3.慢性病相关毒性Related to Chronic Data - death29SkinEyeIrrition Administration into the eye Rodent - rabbit 1% 1.Mild30Mutation Human Lymphocyte 250 ug/L 31Mutation Rodent - rat Liver 15 umol/L 32Mutation Rodent - mouse Cells - not otherwise specified 1 mg/L 33Mutation Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte 250 ug/L 34Mutation Rodent - hamster Ovary 600 ug/L 35Mutation Rodent - hamster Lung 50 ug/L 36Tumorigenic Oral Rodent - rat 3245 mg/kg/2Y-C 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria2.内分泌毒性Endocrine - tumors37Tumorigenic Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 71 mg/kg/42D-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria2.皮肤和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - tumors38Tumorigenic Intraperitoneal Rodent - rat 68 mg/kg/40D-I 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria2.皮肤和附件毒性Skin and Appendages - tumors39Tumorigenic Oral Rodent - rat 3285 mg/kg/2Y-C 1.致癌性Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria2.内分泌毒性Endocrine - thyroid tumors40Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 100 mg/kg,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)2.生殖毒性Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)41Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 50 mg/kg,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system42Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 2960 ug/kg,female 6-9 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina43Reproductive Oral Rodent - rat 98 mg/kg,female 6-15 day(s) after conception 1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)[2-27]