标题：鸫科
外形特征
鸫科(20张)鸫科是遍布世界性的小到中型雀形目鸟类，有较强的鸟喙，尾巴通常是中长形，羽色不同，一般较暗，灰色、棕色到黑色，也有颜色鲜艳的一些物种。嘴短健，上嘴前端有缺刻或小钩，善于鸣叫。其中乌鸫和红胸鸲分别是瑞典和英国的国鸟，而新疆歌鸲则是熟知的夜莺，旋鸫和黄褐森鸫，还包括诗歌中提到的蓝知更鸟和乌鸫。地鸫于1828年最后一次出现于皮尔（Peel）岛、小笠原群岛，今已灭绝。鸫（Turdus ulietensis）自1774年在靠近塔西提岛的赖阿特阿（Raiatea）岛、社会群岛发现以来，从此再没有见过，今已灭绝。鸫科包括许多种极优秀的鸣禽，专食蠕虫或昆虫的幼体或食水果 。[1]

生活习性
鸫科（分布图）(2张)主要栖息于森林、冻原、荒漠、农田等各类生境中，树栖或地栖性，善飞行，亦善地面奔跑，飞行力强弱不一，鸣声多样，有的悦耳动听。鸫是比椋鸟稍大一些的鸣禽，为著名的食虫鸟类，它们虽也吃一些浆果和植物种子，但主要以昆虫为食，其中有鞘翅目、直翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目、异翅目、同翅目等昆虫及幼虫，兼食蜘蛛、蜈蚣、小蛙等。在迁徙及越冬季节，常集成大群在林间活动，尤其喜欢在草丛中穿行觅食枯枝落叶层内所隐藏的害虫。成群的鸫类对消灭田间害虫地老虎、玉米螟幼虫等有突出的贡献。营巢于树上、地上、岩石洞穴或灌丛中。巢呈杯状，主要由杂草、苔藓、地衣等材料构成。每窝产卵多地4-6枚。[1]

保护级别
全部列入《世界自然保护联盟》（IUCN）ver 3.1：2009年鸟类红色名录。[2]鸫科(5张)
中国物种全部列入中国国家林业局2000年8月1日发布的《国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物名录》。[1]

该科种类
（60属，341种）[3]

中文名称拉丁学名1.乔洛鸲鸫Alethe choloensis2.红冠鸲鸫Alethe diademata3.白胸鸲鸫 Alethe fuelleborni4.褐胸鸲鸫Alethe poliocephala5.红喉鸲鸫Alethe poliophrys6.小地鸲Amalocichla incerta7.大地鸲Amalocichla sclateriana8.纹喉鵖Arcanator orostruthus9.锈腹短翅鸫Brachypteryx hyperythra10.白喉短翅鸫Brachypteryx leucophrys11.白眉短翅鸫Brachypteryx montana 12.蓝短翅鸫Brachypteryx montana13.栗背短翅鸫Brachypteryx stellata14.卡塔鸫Cataponera turdoides15.橙腹夜鸫Catharus aurantiirostris16.比氏夜鸫Catharus bicknelli17.斑夜鸫Catharus dryas18.红顶夜鸫Catharus frantzii19.灰背夜鸫Catharus fuscater20.棕夜鸫Catharus fuscescens21.黑嘴夜鸫Catharus gracilirostris22.隐夜鸫Catharus guttatus23.黑头夜鸫Catharus mexicanus24.灰颊夜鸫Catharus minimus25.茶色夜鸫Catharus occidentalis26.斯氏夜鸫Catharus ustulatus27.乌岩鵖Cercomela dubia28.红尾岩鵖Cercomela familiaris29.褐岩鵖Cercomela fusca30.黑尾岩鵖Cercomela melanura31.施氏岩鵖Cercomela schlegelii32.褐尾岩鵖Cercomela scotocerca33.镰翅岩鵖Cercomela sinuata34.山岩鵖Cercomela sordida35.特拉岩鵖Cercomela tractrac36.须薮鸲Cercotrichas barbata37.卡如薮鸲Cercotrichas coryphaeus38.棕薮鸲Cercotrichas galactotes39.褐背薮鸲Cercotrichas hartlaubi40.白眉薮鸲Cercotrichas leucophrys41.林薮鸲Cercotrichas leucosticta42.非洲薮鸲Cercotrichas minor43.沙薮鸲Cercotrichas paena44.黑薮鸲Cercotrichas podobe45.东须薮鸲Cercotrichas qaudrivirgata46.褐薮鸲Cercotrichas signata47.橙胸岩鸫Chaetops aurantius48.棕岩鸫Chaetops frenatus49.白顶溪鸲Chaimarrornis leucocephalus50.食果鸫Chlamydochaera jefferyi51.晨鸫Cichladusa arquata52.斑晨鸫Cichladusa guttata53.红尾晨鸫Cichladusa ruficauda54.林鸫Cichlherminia lherminieri55.棕褐孤鸫Cichlopsis leucogenys56.蓝地鸲Cinclidium diana57.蓝额地鸲Cinclidium frontale58.白尾地鸲Cinclidium leucurum59.灰旋木嘲鸫Cinclocerthia gutturalis60.红尾旋木嘲鸫Cinclocerthia ruficauda61.彩鹑鸫Cinclosoma ajax62.栗胸鹑鸫Cinclosoma castaneothorax63.栗鹑鸫Cinclosoma castanotus64.桂红鹑鸫Cinclosoma cinnamomeum65.斑鹑鸫Cinclosoma punctatum66.马来宽嘴鸫Cochoa azurea67.苏门答腊宽嘴鸫Cochoa beccarii68.紫宽嘴鸫Cochoa purpurea69.绿宽嘴鸫Cochoa viridis70.马岛鹊鸲Copsychus albospecularis71.黑鹊鸲Copsychus cebuensis72.白眉鹊鸲Copsychus luzoniensis73.白腰鹊鸲Copsychus malabaricus74.白臀鹊鸲Copsychus niger75.鹊鸲Copsychus saularis76.塞舌尔鹊鸲Copsychus sechellarum77.白顶鹊鸲Copsychus stricklandii78.白顶歌鵖Cossypha albicapilla79.绿胁歌鵖Cossypha anomala80.阿氏歌鵖Cossypha archeri81.黄喉歌鵖Cossypha caffra82.蓝肩歌鵖Cossypha cyanocampter83.南非歌鵖Cossypha dichroa84.白头歌鵖Cossypha heinrichi85.白眉歌鵖Cossypha heuglini86.白喉歌鵖Cossypha humeralis87.高山歌鵖Cossypha isabellae88.红顶歌鵖Cossypha natalensis89.白冠歌鵖Cossypha niveicapilla90.灰翅歌鵖Cossypha polioptera91.白腹歌鵖Cossypha roberti92.卢氏歌鵖Cossypha semirufa93.栗腰薮鸲Drymodes brunneopygia94.纹眉薮鸲Drymodes superciliaris95.灰嘲鸫Dumetella carolinensis96.黑背燕尾Enicurus immaculatus97.白额燕尾Enicurus leschenaulti98.斑背燕尾Enicurus maculatus99.栗枕燕尾Enicurus ruficapillus100.灰背燕尾Enicurus schistaceus101.小燕尾Enicurus scouleri102.姬燕尾Enicurus velatus103.黑孤鸫Entomodestes coracinus104.白耳孤鸫Entomodestes leucotis105.日本歌鸲Erithacus akahige106.琉球歌鸲Erithacus komadori107.欧亚鸲Erithacus rubecula108.白眉长颈鸫Eupetes macrocerus109.短翅鸲Hodgsonius phaenicuroides110.棕林鸫Hylocichla mustelina111.蓝顶鹛鸫Ifrita kowaldi112.白喉鸲Irania gutteralis113.杂色鸫Ixoreus naevius114.栗腹歌鸲Luscinia brunnea115.红喉歌鸲Luscinia calliope116.蓝歌鸲Luscinia cyane117.欧歌鸲Luscinia luscinia118.新疆歌鸲Luscinia megarhynchos119.黑喉歌鸲Luscinia obscura120.金胸歌鸲Luscinia pectardens121.白尾歌鸲Luscinia pectoralis122.棕头歌鸲Luscinia ruficeps123.红尾歌鸲Luscinia sibilans124.蓝喉歌鸲Luscinia svecicus125.斑喉鵖Modulatrix stictigula126.安哥拉矶鸫Monticola angolensis127.短趾矶鸫Monticola brevipes128.蓝头矶鸫Monticola cinclorhynchus129.哨声矶鸫Monticola explorator130.白喉矶鸫Monticola gularis131.栗腹矶鸫Monticola rufiventris132.小矶鸫Monticola rufocinereus133.南非矶鸫Monticola rupestris134.白背矶鸫Monticola saxatilis135.蓝矶鸫Monticola solitarius136.多色孤鸫Myadestes coloratus137.古巴孤鸫Myadestes elisabeth138.棕喉孤鸫Myadestes genibarbis139.拉奈孤鸫Myadestes lanaiensis140.黑脸孤鸫Myadestes melanops141.考岛孤鸫Myadestes myadestinus142.夏威夷鸫Myadestes obscurus143.褐背孤鸫Myadestes occidentalis144.小考岛鸫Myadestes palmeri145.拉美孤鸫Myadestes ralloides146.坦氏孤鸫Myadestes townsendi147.灰孤鸫Myadestes unicolor148.斯里兰卡啸鸫Myophonus blighi149.紫啸鸫Myophonus caeruleus150.巽他啸鸫Myophonus glaucinus151.马拉啸鸫Myophonus horsfieldii152.台湾紫啸鸫Myophonus insularis153.辉亮啸鸫Myophonus melanurus154.马来啸鸫Myophonus robinsoni155.蚁鵖Myrmecocichla aethiops156.白额蚁鵖Myrmecocichla albifrons157.阿氏蚁鵖Myrmecocichla arnotti158.南方蚁鵖Myrmecocichla formicivora159.卢氏蚁鵖Myrmecocichla melaena160.暗色蚁鵖Myrmecocichla nigra161.刚果蚁鵖Myrmecocichla tholloni162.拟鹟鸲Namibornis herero163.芬氏蚁鸫Neocossyphus finschii164.棕蚁鸫Neocossyphus fraseri165.白尾蚁鸫Neocossyphus poensis166.红尾蚁鸫Neocossyphus rufus167.特里斯坦鸫Nesocichla eremita168.休姆氏鵖Oenanthe alboniger169.黄纹石鵖Oenanthe bifasciata170.红胸鵖Oenanthe bottae171.塞浦路斯鵖Oenanthe cypriaca172.漠鵖Oenanthe deserti173.芬氏鵖Oenanthe finschii174.休氏鵖Oenanthe heuglini175.白顶鵖Oenanthe hispanica176.沙鵖Oenanthe isabellina177.白冠黑鵖Oenanthe leucopyga178.白尾黑鵖Oenanthe leucura179.悲鵖Oenanthe lugens180.红腰鵖Oenanthe moesta181.冠鵖Oenanthe monacha182.山鵖Oenanthe monticola183.穗鵖Oenanthe oenanthe184.索马里鵖Oenanthe phillipsi185.东方斑鵖Oenanthe picata186.冕鵖Oenanthe pileata187.斑鵖Oenanthe pleschanka188.红尾鵖Oenanthe xanthoprymna189.贺兰山红尾鸲Phoenicurus alaschanicus190.北红尾鸲Phoenicurus auroreus191.蓝头红尾鸲Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus192.红腹红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythrogaster193.红背红尾鸲Phoenicurus erythronotus194.蓝额红尾鸲Phoenicurus frontalis195.黑喉红尾鸲Phoenicurus hodgsoni196.摩氏红尾鸲Phoenicurus moussieri197.赭红尾鸲Phoenicurus ochruros198.红尾鸲Phoenicurus phoenicurus199.白喉红尾鸲Phoenicurus schisticeps200.暗色石鵖Pinarornis plumosus201.黄腿鸫Platycichla flavipes202.淡眼鸫Platycichla leucops203.白点鸲Pogonocichla stellata204.法氏鸲鸫Pseudocossyphus bensoni205.马岛鸲鸫Pseudocossyphus imerinus206.岩鸲鸫Pseudocossyphus sharpei207.非洲地鸫Psophocichla litsipsirupa208.吕宋水鸲Rhyacornis bicolor209.红尾水鸲Rhyacornis fuliginosus210.阿芝鸫Ridgwayia pinicola211.白斑黑石鵖Saxicola caprata212.卡岛石鵖Saxicola dacotiae213.灰林鵖Saxicola ferrea214.帝汶林鵖Saxicola gutturalis215.白喉石鵖Saxicola insignis216.黑白林鵖Saxicola jerdoni217.白尾石鵖Saxicola leucura218.大嘴石鵖Saxicola macrorhyncha219.草原石鵖Saxicola rubetra220.印度洋石鵖Saxicola tectes221.黑喉石鵖Saxicola torquata222.印度鸲Saxicoloides fulicata223.杰氏阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia aequatorialis224.伯氏阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia bocagei225.须阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia cyornithopsis226.加贝阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia gabela227.东非阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia gunningi228.坦桑阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia lowei229.尤山阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia montana230.沙氏阿卡拉鸲Sheppardia sharpei231.山蓝鸲Sialia currucoides232.西蓝鸲Sialia mexicana233.东蓝鸲Sialia sialis234.林鸲Stiphrornis erythrothorax235.斯氏鸲Swynnertonia swynnertoni236.金色林鸲Tarsiger chrysaeus237.红胁蓝尾鸲Tarsiger cyanurus238.棕腹林鸲Tarsiger hyperythrus239.白眉林鸲Tarsiger indicus240.台湾林鸲Tarsiger johnstoniae241.桂红蚁鵖Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris242.白翅蚁鵖Thamnolaea semirufa243.橙尾鹊鸲Trichixos pyrropygus244.南美白颈鸫Turdus albicollis245.白颈鸫Turdus albocinctus246.淡腹鸫Turdus amaurochalinus247.白喉鸫Turdus assimilis248.白颏鸫Turdus aurantius249.科摩罗鸫Turdus bewsheri250.灰翅鸫Turdus boulboul251.乌灰鸫Turdus cardis252.伊岛鸫Turdus celaenops253.芝古鸫Turdus chiguanco254.赤胸鸫Turdus chrysolaus255.黑胸鸫Turdus dissimilis256.南美鸫Turdus falcklandii257.褐头鸫Turdus feae258.栗腹鸫Turdus fulviventris259.淡臀鸫Turdus fumigatus260.大棕鸫Turdus fuscater261.褐背鸫Turdus grayi262.纯色鸫Turdus haplochrous263.豪氏鸫Turdus hauxwelli264.灰背鸫Turdus hortulorum265.黑嘴鸫Turdus ignobillis266.白眉歌鸫Turdus iliacus267.美洲黑鸫Turdus infuscatus268.白眼鸫Turdus jamaicensis269.棕背鸫Turdus kessleri270.罗氏鸫Turdus lawrencii271.淡胸鸫Turdus leucomelas272.利邦鸫Turdus libonyanus273.厄瓜多尔鸫Turdus maculirostris274.马拉鸫Turdus maranonicus275.也门鸫Turdus menachensis276.乌鸫Turdus merula277.旅鸫Turdus migratorius278.宝兴歌鸫Turdus mupinensis279.斑鸫Turdus naumanni280.乌鸲鸫Turdus nigrescens281.安第斯灰鸫Turdus nigriceps282.裸眼鸫Turdus nudigenis283.白眉鸫Turdus obscurus284.白臀鸫Turdus obsoletus285.绿棕鸫Turdus olivaceofuscus286.橄榄鸫Turdus olivaceus287.黑冠鸫Turdus olivater288.白腹鸫Turdus pallidus289.非洲鸫Turdus pelios290.欧歌鸫Turdus philomelos291.田鸫Turdus pilaris292.美洲山鸫Turdus plebejus293.红腿鸫Turdus plumbeus294.岛鸫Turdus poliocephalus295.铅背鸫Turdus reevei296.灰头鸫Turdus rubrocanus297.赤颈鸫Turdus ruficollis298.中美棕颈鸫Turdus rufitorques299.棕腹鸫Turdus rufiventris300.棕背鸲鸫Turdus rufopalliatus301.辉背鸫Turdus serranus302.石鸫Turdus subalaris303.伊岛鸫Turdus swalesi304.非洲裸眼鸫Turdus tephronotus305.环颈鸫Turdus torquatus306.蒂氏鸫Turdus unicolor307.槲鸫Turdus viscivorus308.穴鵖Xenocopsychus ansorgei309.巽他地鸫Zoothera andromedae310.黑耳地鸫Zoothera cameronensis311.灰地鸫Zoothera cinerea312.橙头地鸫Zoothera citrina313.科氏地鸫Zoothera crossleyi314.虎斑地鸫Zoothera dauma315.长尾地鸫Zoothera dixoni316.栗背地鸫Zoothera dohertyi317.摩鹿加地鸫Zoothera dumasi318.红背地鸫Zoothera erythronota319.埃氏地鸫Zoothera everetti320.橙色地鸫Zoothera gurneyi321.斑地鸫Zoothera guttata322.黄尾地鸫Zoothera heinei323.赫氏地鸫Zoothera horsfieldi324.栗顶地鸫Zoothera interpres325.绿尾地鸫Zoothera lunulata326.黄胸地鸫Zoothera machiki327.阿迈地鸫Zoothera major328.圣岛地鸫Zoothera margaretae329.长嘴地鸫Zoothera marginata330.光背地鸫Zoothera mollissima331.大长嘴地鸫Zoothera monticola332.澳氏地鸫Zoothera oberlaenderi333.橙斑地鸫Zoothera peronii334.埃塞地鸫Zoothera piaggiae335.灰色地鸫Zoothera princei336.青背地鸫Zoothera schistacea337.白眉地鸫Zoothera sibirica338.斑翅地鸫Zoothera spiloptera339.新不列颠地鸫Zoothera talaseae340.基伍地鸫Zoothera tanganjicae341.杂色地鸫Zoothera wardii