标题：ISO/IEC 8859
引言
ASCII收录了空格及94个“可印刷字符”，足以给英语使用。但是，其他使用拉丁字母的语言(主要是欧洲国家的语言)，都有一定数量的附加符号字母，故可以使用ASCII及控制字符以外的区域来储存及表示。
除了使用拉丁字母的语言外，使用西里尔字母的东欧语言、希腊语、泰语、现代阿拉伯语、希伯来语等，都可以使用这个形式来储存及表示。
各种ISO 8859字符集
ISO/IEC 8859-1 (Latin-1) - 西欧语言 
ISO/IEC 8859-2 (Latin-2) - 中欧语言 
ISO/IEC 8859-3 (Latin-3) - 南欧语言。世界语也可用此字符集显示。 
ISO/IEC 8859-4 (Latin-4) - 北欧语言 
ISO/IEC 8859-5 (Cyrillic) - 斯拉夫语言 
ISO/IEC 8859-6 (Arabic) - 阿拉伯语 
ISO/IEC 8859-7 (Greek) - 希腊语 
ISO/IEC 8859-8 (Hebrew) - 希伯来语(视觉顺序) 
ISO 8859-8-I - 希伯来语(逻辑顺序) 
ISO/IEC 8859-9 (Latin-5 或 Turkish) - 它把Latin-1的冰岛语字母换走，加入土耳其语字母。 
ISO/IEC 8859-10 (Latin-6 或 Nordic) - 北日耳曼语支，用来代替Latin-4。 
ISO/IEC 8859-11 (Thai) - 泰语，从泰国的 TIS620 标准字集演化而来。 
ISO/IEC 8859-13 (Latin-7 或 Baltic Rim) - 波罗的语族 
ISO/IEC 8859-14 (Latin-8 或 Celtic) - 凯尔特语族 
ISO/IEC 8859-15 (Latin-9) - 西欧语言，加入Latin-1欠缺的芬兰语字母和大写法语重音字母，以及欧元(?符号。 
ISO/IEC 8859-16 (Latin-10) - 东南欧语言。主要供罗马尼亚语使用，并加入欧元符号。 
由于英语没有任何重音字母(不计外来词)，故可使用以上十五个字集中的任何一个来表示。
至于德语方面，因它除了 A-Z, a-z 外，只用 &Auml;, &Ouml;, &Uuml;, &auml;, &ouml;, &szlig;, ü 七个字母，而所有拉丁字集(1-4, 9-10, 13-16)均有此七个字母，故德语可使用以上十个字集中的任何一个来表示。
此系列中没有-12号的原因是，此计划原本要设计成一个包含塞尔特语族字符集的“Latin-7”，但后来塞尔特语族变成了ISO 8859-14 / Latin-8。亦有一说谓-12号本来是预留给印度天城体梵文的，但后来却搁置了。
基本结构
每个字集定义最多96个字母或符号，在0xA0-0xFF根据不同字符集放入不同的字符。
ISO/IEC 8859十五个字符集的比较 Bin Oct Dec Hex 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 
10100000 240 160 A0 NBSP 
10100001 241 161 A1 &iexcl; Ą Ħ Ą Ё ‘ &iexcl; Ą ก ” Ḃ &iexcl; Ą 
10100010 242 162 A2 &cent; ˘ ˘ ĸ Ђ ’ &cent; &cent; Ē ข &cent; ḃ &cent; ą 
10100011 243 163 A3 &pound; Ł &pound; Ŗ Ѓ &pound; &pound; &pound; Ģ ฃ &pound; &pound; &pound; Ł 
10100100 244 164 A4 ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ Є ¤ ?¤ ¤ Ī ค ¤ Ċ ??
10100101 245 165 A5 &yen; Ľ Ĩ Ѕ ₯ &yen; &yen; Ĩ ฅ „ ċ &yen; „ 
10100110 246 166 A6 &brvbar; Ś Ĥ Ļ І &brvbar; &brvbar; &brvbar; Ķ ฆ &brvbar; Ḋ Š Š 
10100111 247 167 A7 § § § § Ї § § § § ง § § § § 
10101000 250 168 A8 ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ Ј ¨ ¨ ¨ Ļ จ &Oslash; Ẁ š š 
10101001 251 169 A9 © Š İ Š Љ © © © Đ ฉ © © © © 
10101010 252 170 AA &ordf; Ş Ş Ē Њ ͺ × &ordf; Š ช Ŗ Ẃ &ordf; Ș 
10101011 253 171 AB &laquo; Ť Ğ Ģ Ћ &laquo; &laquo; &laquo; Ŧ ซ &laquo; ḋ &laquo; &laquo; 
10101100 254 172 AC &not; Ź Ĵ Ŧ Ќ ، &not; &not; &not; Ž ฌ &not; Ỳ &not; Ź 
10101101 255 173 AD &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; ญ &shy; &shy; &shy; &shy; 
10101110 256 174 AE ® Ž Ž Ў ® ® Ū ฎ ® ® ® ź 
10101111 257 175 AF &macr; Ż Ż &macr; Џ ― &macr; &macr; Ŋ ฏ &AElig; Ÿ &macr; Ż 
10110000 260 176 B0 ° ° ° ° А ° ° ° ° ฐ ° Ḟ ° ° 
10110001 261 177 B1 ± ą ħ ą Б ± ± ± ą ฑ ± ḟ ± ± 
10110010 262 178 B2 &sup2; ˛ &sup2; ˛ В &sup2; &sup2; &sup2; ē ฒ &sup2; Ġ &sup2; Č 
10110011 263 179 B3 &sup3; ł &sup3; ŗ Г &sup3; &sup3; &sup3; ģ ณ &sup3; ġ &sup3; ł 
10110100 264 180 B4 &acute; &acute; &acute; &acute; Д ΄ &acute; &acute; ī ด “ Ṁ Ž Ž 
10110101 265 181 B5 &micro; ľ &micro; ĩ Е ΅ &micro; &micro; ĩ ต &micro; ṁ &micro; ” 
10110110 266 182 B6 &para; ś ĥ ļ Ж Ά &para; &para; ķ ถ &para; &para; &para; &para; 
10110111 267 183 B7 · ˇ · ˇ З · · · · ท · Ṗ · · 
10111000 270 184 B8 &cedil; &cedil; &cedil; &cedil; И Έ &cedil; &cedil; ļ ธ &oslash; ẁ ž ž 
10111001 271 185 B9 &sup1; š ı š Й Ή &sup1; &sup1; đ น &sup1; ṗ &sup1; č 
10111010 272 186 BA &ordm; ş ş ē К Ί ÷ &ordm; š บ ŗ ẃ &ordm; ș 
10111011 273 187 BB &raquo; ť ğ ģ Л ؛ &raquo; &raquo; &raquo; ŧ ป &raquo; Ṡ &raquo; &raquo; 
10111100 274 188 BC &frac14; ź ĵ ŧ М Ό &frac14; &frac14; ž ผ &frac14; ỳ Œ Œ 
10111101 275 189 BD &frac12; ˝ &frac12; Ŋ Н &frac12; &frac12; &frac12; ― ฝ &frac12; Ẅ œ œ 
10111110 276 190 BE &frac34; ž ž О Ύ &frac34; &frac34; ū พ &frac34; ẅ Ÿ Ÿ 
10111111 277 191 BF &iquest; ż ż ŋ П ؟ Ώ &iquest; ŋ ฟ &aelig; ṡ &iquest; ż 
11000000 300 192 C0 &Agrave; Ŕ &Agrave; Ā Р ΐ &Agrave; Ā ภ Ą &Agrave; &Agrave; &Agrave; 
11000001 301 193 C1 &Aacute; &Aacute; &Aacute; &Aacute; С ء Α &Aacute; &Aacute; ม Į &Aacute; &Aacute; &Aacute; 
11000010 302 194 C2 &Acirc; &Acirc; &Acirc; &Acirc; Т آ Β &Acirc; &Acirc; ย Ā &Acirc; &Acirc; &Acirc; 
11000011 303 195 C3 &Atilde; Ă &Atilde; У أ Γ &Atilde; &Atilde; ร Ć &Atilde; &Atilde; Ă 
11000100 304 196 C4 &Auml; &Auml; &Auml; &Auml; Ф ؤ Δ &Auml; &Auml; ฤ &Auml; &Auml; &Auml; &Auml; 
11000101 305 197 C5 &Aring; Ĺ Ċ &Aring; Х إ Ε &Aring; &Aring; ล &Aring; &Aring; &Aring; Ć 
11000110 306 198 C6 &AElig; Ć Ĉ &AElig; Ц ئ Ζ &AElig; &AElig; ฦ Ę &AElig; &AElig; &AElig; 
11000111 307 199 C7 &Ccedil; &Ccedil; &Ccedil; Į Ч ا Η &Ccedil; Į ว Ē &Ccedil; &Ccedil; &Ccedil; 
11001000 310 200 C8 &Egrave; Č &Egrave; Č Ш ب Θ &Egrave; Č ศ Č &Egrave; &Egrave; &Egrave; 
11001001 311 201 C9 &Eacute; &Eacute; &Eacute; &Eacute; Щ ة Ι &Eacute; &Eacute; ษ &Eacute; &Eacute; &Eacute; &Eacute; 
11001010 312 202 CA &Ecirc; Ę &Ecirc; Ę Ъ ت Κ &Ecirc; Ę ส Ź &Ecirc; &Ecirc; &Ecirc; 
11001011 313 203 CB &Euml; &Euml; &Euml; &Euml; Ы ث Λ &Euml; &Euml; ห Ė &Euml; &Euml; &Euml; 
11001100 314 204 CC &Igrave; Ě &Igrave; Ė Ь ج Μ &Igrave; Ė ฬ Ģ &Igrave; &Igrave; &Igrave; 
11001101 315 205 CD &Iacute; &Iacute; &Iacute; &Iacute; Э ح Ν &Iacute; &Iacute; อ Ķ &Iacute; &Iacute; &Iacute; 
11001110 316 206 CE &Icirc; &Icirc; &Icirc; &Icirc; Ю خ Ξ &Icirc; &Icirc; ฮ Ī &Icirc; &Icirc; &Icirc; 
11001111 317 207 CF &Iuml; Ď &Iuml; Ī Я د Ο &Iuml; &Iuml; ฯ Ļ &Iuml; &Iuml; &Iuml; 
11010000 320 208 D0 &ETH; Đ Đ а ذ Π Ğ &ETH; ะ Š Ŵ &ETH; Đ 
11010001 321 209 D1 &Ntilde; Ń &Ntilde; Ņ б ر Ρ &Ntilde; Ņ ั Ń &Ntilde; &Ntilde; Ń 
11010010 322 210 D2 &Ograve; Ň &Ograve; Ō в ز &Ograve; Ō า Ņ &Ograve; &Ograve; &Ograve; 
11010011 323 211 D3 &Oacute; &Oacute; &Oacute; Ķ г س Σ &Oacute; &Oacute; ำ &Oacute; &Oacute; &Oacute; &Oacute; 
11010100 324 212 D4 &Ocirc; &Ocirc; &Ocirc; &Ocirc; д ش Τ &Ocirc; &Ocirc; ิ Ō &Ocirc; &Ocirc; &Ocirc; 
11010101 325 213 D5 &Otilde; Ő Ġ &Otilde; е ص Υ &Otilde; &Otilde; ี &Otilde; &Otilde; &Otilde; Ő 
11010110 326 214 D6 &Ouml; &Ouml; &Ouml; &Ouml; ж ض Φ &Ouml; &Ouml; ึ &Ouml; &Ouml; &Ouml; &Ouml; 
11010111 327 215 D7 × × × × з ط Χ × Ũ ื × Ṫ × Ś 
11011000 330 216 D8 &Oslash; Ř Ĝ &Oslash; и ظ Ψ &Oslash; &Oslash; ุ Ų &Oslash; &Oslash; Ű 
11011001 331 217 D9 &Ugrave; Ů &Ugrave; Ų й ع Ω &Ugrave; Ų ู Ł &Ugrave; &Ugrave; &Ugrave; 
11011010 332 218 DA &Uacute; &Uacute; &Uacute; &Uacute; к غ Ϊ &Uacute; &Uacute; ฺ Ś &Uacute; &Uacute; &Uacute; 
11011011 333 219 DB &Ucirc; Ű &Ucirc; &Ucirc; л Ϋ &Ucirc; &Ucirc; Ū &Ucirc; &Ucirc; &Ucirc; 
11011100 334 220 DC &Uuml; &Uuml; &Uuml; &Uuml; м ά &Uuml; &Uuml; &Uuml; &Uuml; &Uuml; &Uuml; 
11011101 335 221 DD &Yacute; &Yacute; Ŭ Ũ н έ İ &Yacute; Ż &Yacute; &Yacute; Ę 
11011110 336 222 DE &THORN; Ţ Ŝ Ū о ή Ş &THORN; Ž Ŷ &THORN; Ț 
11011111 337 223 DF &szlig; &szlig; &szlig; &szlig; п ί ‗ &szlig; &szlig; ฿ &szlig; &szlig; &szlig; &szlig; 
11100000 340 224 E0 à ŕ à ā р ـ ΰ א à ā เ ą à à à 
11100001 341 225 E1 á á á á с ف α ב á á แ į á á á 
11100010 342 226 E2 &acirc; &acirc; &acirc; &acirc; т ق β ג &acirc; &acirc; โ ā &acirc; &acirc; &acirc; 
11100011 343 227 E3 &atilde; ă &atilde; у ك γ ד &atilde; &atilde; ใ ć &atilde; &atilde; ă 
11100100 344 228 E4 &auml; &auml; &auml; &auml; ф ل δ ה &auml; &auml; ไ &auml; &auml; &auml; &auml; 
11100101 345 229 E5 &aring; ĺ ċ &aring; х م ε ו &aring; &aring; ๅ &aring; &aring; &aring; ć 
11100110 346 230 E6 &aelig; ć ĉ &aelig; ц ن ζ ז &aelig; &aelig; ๆ ę &aelig; &aelig; &aelig; 
11100111 347 231 E7 &ccedil; &ccedil; &ccedil; į ч ه η ח &ccedil; į ็ ē &ccedil; &ccedil; &ccedil; 
11101000 350 232 E8 è č è č ш و θ ט è č ่ č è è è 
11101001 351 233 E9 é é é é щ ى ι י é é ้ é é é é 
11101010 352 234 EA ê ę ê ę ъ ي κ ך ê ę ๊ ź ê ê ê 
11101011 353 235 EB &euml; &euml; &euml; &euml; ы ً λ כ &euml; &euml; ๋ ė &euml; &euml; &euml; 
11101100 354 236 EC ì ě ì ė ь ٌ μ ל ì ė ์ ģ ì ì ì 
11101101 355 237 ED í í í í э ٍ ν ם í í ํ ķ í í í 
11101110 356 238 EE &icirc; &icirc; &icirc; &icirc; ю َ ξ מ &icirc; &icirc; ๎ ī &icirc; &icirc; &icirc; 
11101111 357 239 EF &iuml; ď &iuml; ī я ُ ο ן &iuml; &iuml; ๏ ļ &iuml; &iuml; &iuml; 
11110000 360 240 F0 &eth; đ đ № ِ π נ ğ &eth; ๐ š ŵ &eth; đ 
11110001 361 241 F1 &ntilde; ń &ntilde; ņ ё ّ ρ ס &ntilde; ņ ๑ ń &ntilde; &ntilde; ń 
11110010 362 242 F2 ò ň ò ō ђ ْ ς ע ò ō ๒ ņ ò ò ò 
11110011 363 243 F3 ó ó ó ķ ѓ σ ף ó ó ๓ ó ó ó ó 
11110100 364 244 F4 &ocirc; &ocirc; &ocirc; &ocirc; є τ פ &ocirc; &ocirc; ๔ ō &ocirc; &ocirc; &ocirc; 
11110101 365 245 F5 &otilde; ő ġ &otilde; ѕ υ ץ &otilde; &otilde; ๕ &otilde; &otilde; &otilde; ő 
11110110 366 246 F6 &ouml; &ouml; &ouml; &ouml; і φ צ &ouml; &ouml; ๖ &ouml; &ouml; &ouml; &ouml; 
11110111 367 247 F7 ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ї χ ק ÷ ũ ๗ ÷ ṫ ÷ ś 
11111000 370 248 F8 &oslash; ř ĝ &oslash; ј ψ ר &oslash; &oslash; ๘ ų &oslash; &oslash; ű 
11111001 371 249 F9 ù ů ù ų љ ω ש ù ų ๙ ł ù ù ù 
11111010 372 250 FA ú ú ú ú њ ϊ ת ú ú ๚ ś ú ú ú 
11111011 373 251 FB &ucirc; ű &ucirc; &ucirc; ћ ϋ &ucirc; &ucirc; ๛ ū &ucirc; &ucirc; &ucirc; 
11111100 374 252 FC ü ü ü ü ќ ό ü ü ü ü ü ü 
11111101 375 253 FD &yacute; &yacute; ŭ ũ § ύ LRM ı &yacute; ż &yacute; &yacute; ę 
11111110 376 254 FE &thorn; ţ ŝ ū ў ώ RLM ş &thorn; ž ŷ &thorn; ț 
11111111 377 255 FF &yuml; ˙ ˙ ˙ џ &yuml; ĸ ’ &yuml; &yuml; &yuml; 
在0xA0的位置是“不换行空格”(no-break space)。
在0xAD的位置，大部分都放入了“选择性连字号”(soft hyphen, 即只在一个文字在它的中间换行时才出现的连字号)，若你使用的浏览器支援选择性连字号，上表将不会有任何显示。
黄色的是ISO/IEC 8859-7:2003版本及ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999版本新增的符号。LRM是“左至右记号”(left-to-right mark, U+200E)、RLM是“右至左记号”(right-to-left mark, U+200F)。
绿色的是该字集未有定义该位置。
0x00-0x1F、0x7F、0x80-0x9F在此字符集中未有定义。(控制字符是由ISO/IEC 6429定义)。
ISO 8859与ISO-8859的关系
在ISO/IEC 8859-n之中，国际标准化组织只替每个字符集定义了最多96个字符(0xA0-0xFF)。
ISO-8859-n(在ISO与8859之间加上一连字号)则是由IANA根据ISO/IEC 8859-n所定义的编码表。它除了ISO/IEC 8859-n的字符外，还包括ASCII(0x20-0x7E)字符及65个控制字符(0x00-0x1F及0x7E-0x9F)。
类似ISO 8859的编码
ISO 8859-12这个号码本来是预留给印度天城体梵文的，但最终未有定义。印度有它自己的编码－ISCII。
JIS X 0201是日语片假名的字符集标准。它能与ISO 8859兼容。
VISCII是越南语在本土以外的侨民最常用的字符集标准。但因越南语有超过一百个重音字母，故它不兼容在ISO 8859。越南国家标准另外有一个符合ISO8859标准的字符集，但字符需要组合，像泰文一样。
ISO 6438是非洲字母的字符集，但甚少被采纳。
发展状况
The ISO/IEC 8859 standard was maintained by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 2, Working Group 3 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3). In June 2004, WG 3 disbanded, and maintenance duties were transferred to SC 2. The standard is not currently being updated, as the Subcommittee's only remaining Working Group, WG 2, is concentrating on development of ISO/IEC 10646.
参见
由国际标准化组织出版的ISO/IEC 8859标准，可从以下网址获取 (需要付费) ISO catalogue site 及 ANSI eStandards Store. 
部分由ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3出版的部分ISO/IEC 8859最后审核草案(PDF版本)，可从WG 3网站获取： 
ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1 (draft dated February 12, 1998, published April 15, 1998) 
ISO/IEC 8859-4:1998 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 4: Latin alphabet No. 4 (draft dated February 12, 1998, published July 1, 1998) 
ISO/IEC 8859-7:1999 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 7: Latin/Greek alphabet (draft dated June 10, 1999; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-7:2003, published October 10, 2003) 
ISO/IEC 8859-10:1998 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 10: Latin alphabet No. 6 (draft dated February 12, 1998, published July 15, 1998) 
ISO/IEC 8859-11:1999 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 11: Latin/Thai character set (draft dated June 22, 1999; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-11:2001, published Dec 15, 2001) 
ISO/IEC 8859-13:1998 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 13: Latin alphabet No. 7 (draft dated April 15, 1998, published October 15, 1998) 
ISO/IEC 8859-15:1998 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 15: Latin alphabet No. 9 (draft dated August 1, 1997; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-15:1999, published March 15, 1999) 
ISO/IEC 8859-16:2000 - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets, Part 16: Latin alphabet No. 10 (draft dated November 15, 1999; superseded by ISO/IEC 8859-16:2001, published July 15, 2001) 
ECMA standards, which in intent correspond exactly to the ISO/IEC 8859 character set standards, can be found at: 
Standard ECMA-94: 8-Bit Single Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabets No. 1 to No. 4 2nd edition (June 1986) 
Standard ECMA-113: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Cyrillic Alphabet 3rd edition (December 1999) 
Standard ECMA-114: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Arabic Alphabet 2nd edition (December 2000) 
Standard ECMA-118: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Greek Alphabet (December 1986) 
Standard ECMA-121: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet 2nd edition (December 2000) 
Standard ECMA-128: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets - Latin Alphabet No. 5 2nd edition (December 1999) 
Standard ECMA-144: 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Character Sets - Latin Alphabet No. 6 3rd edition (December 2000)
《中华人民共和国国家标准》制定了5个标准以对应ISO/IEC 8859的字符集 
GB/T 15273.1-1994 信息处理 八位单字节编码图形字符集 第一部分：拉丁字母一 
GB/T 15273.2-1995 信息处理 八位单字节编码图形字符集 第二部分：拉丁字母二 
GB/T 15273.3-1995 信息处理 八位单字节编码图形字符集 第三部分：拉丁字母三 
GB/T 15273.4-1995 信息处理 八位单字节编码图形字符集 第四部分：拉丁字母四 
GB/T 15273.7-1996 信息处理 八位单字节编码图形字符集 第七部分：拉丁/希腊字母