标题：罗伯特·比尔
罗伯特·比尔
警察的鼻祖"罗伯特比尔"的贡献
罗伯特·比尔创立英国伦敦大都市警察，即苏格兰场（1829年创立。罗伯特·比尔《建警十二条》）
  
九项警务原则”价值思考
罗伯特.比尔在建警之初提出了"九项警务原则"用于指导警察行为和警务工作,这些原则中所倡导的行为包含了基本的警察理念,比如服务的思想,对于警察权力的观点等。这些原则历经一百多年的洗礼之后,对于今天的警务活动仍然具有借鉴意义。
警察的鼻祖"罗伯特比尔"
现代警察 创始人 英国 罗伯特-比尔 爱尔兰皇家警察
1829年罗伯特·比尔建立伦敦大都市警察，就是第一次警务革命，这是警察从无到有的革命。罗伯特·比尔建警时制定了一个金科玉律12条，是咱们所有当警察的必须要知道的12条，现在是“5条禁令”，那个时候,170年前有12条。其中：
第6条，礼貌是警察的根本保障。
第7条，以形象赢得尊重。
第9条，每个警察都要挂牌服务。大家看看，摸摸你胸前那个牌，今天整明白了，谁给挂的牌？罗伯特·比尔。这个牌是干什么？便于群众监督的。
第10条，警察首脑机关必须接近人民群众。大家要是到欧洲去看看，世界上每一个警察局它的一楼都是向公众开放的，老百姓进警察局就像趟平地一样的，随便进，第一楼都给开放，为什么？老祖宗给立下的规矩。
比尔提出了组建新式警察的12条原则：
1.警察应以军队为榜样，建成一支稳定的行之有效的队伍。
2.警察必须在政府的控制之下。
3.减少犯罪证明警察的效率与效益。
4.发布犯罪统计是警察的基本工作。
5.以时间和地域科学分配警力。
6.制怒、宁静、有礼是警察质量的根本保障。
7.以形象赢得尊重。
8.招募、训练适当人选是执法之本。
9.公众安全需要每个警察挂牌服务。
10.警察首脑机关必须接近公众。
11.警察需先见习，后上岗。
12.以警察掌握的犯罪记录作为分配警力的依据。
罗伯特·比尔简介
The police are the public and the public are the police(警察就是公众，公众就是警察); the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence
Peels Nine Principles of Policing(九条原则)
The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. 
The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions. 
Police must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public. 
The degree of co-operation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force. 
Police seek and to preserve public favour, not by pandering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustices of the substance of individual laws; by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing; by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humour; and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life. 
Police use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient to obtain public cooperation to an extent necessary to secure observance of law or to restore order; and to use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective. 
Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence. 
Police must recognize always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions, and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the state, and of authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty. 
The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it. 
These nine principles were set forth by Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the British Police in 1822 and were taken from A Short History of the British Police, (London: Oxford University Press, 1948).