标题：全球气候变化中的紫外线辐射：观测、模拟及其对生态系统的影响
图书信息
出版社: 清华大学出版社; 第1版 (2009年11月1日)
外文书名: UV Radiation in Global Climate Change:Measurements,Modeling and Effects on Ecosystems
丛书名: UV radiation in global climate changemeasurements,modeling and effects on ecosystems
精装: 544页
正文语种: 英语
开本: 16
ISBN: 9787302203605
条形码: 9787302203605
尺寸: 23.6 x 16 x 3.2 cm
重量: 1.2 Kg
作者简介
编者：高炜 (美国)施默尔特(Schmoldt.D.L) (美国)斯拉瑟(Slusser.J.R)
内容简介
《全球气候变化中的紫外线辐射:观测、模拟及其对生态系统的影响》主要内容简介：大量研究指出紫外线（UV）辐射对生物有机体有害，并且危害人类健康。对地表UV-B辐射强度增加的研究极大地促进了地基和空基相关观测项目的发展；人们还需要进一步对UV辐射的观测、建模和影响进行深入研究。《全球气候变化中的紫外线辐射:观测、模拟及其对生态系统的影响》各章描述了过去30年来世界范围内与UV辐射相关的研究工作，涉及的领域有：①UV辐射的当前与预测水平及其对生态系统、人类健康、经济与社会的影响；②UV辐射观测仪器的最新发展，地基和空基观测仪器定标进展情况以及观测方法，建模与有关应用；⑧全球气候变化对紫外线辐射的影响。
对于涉及全球气候变化、气象学、气候学、环境科学、生物学和农林科学的大专院校高年级本科生、研究生和教师，《全球气候变化中的紫外线辐射:观测、模拟及其对生态系统的影响》是一本很有价值的参考书。相关领域的科学家、决策者和普通公众亦能受益于此书。
目录
List of Contributors
1 A Climatology of UV Radiation, 1979- 2000, 65S - 65N
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Method
1.3 Results
1.3.1 Satellite-Derived UV Climatologies
1.3.2 Comparison with Ground-Based Measurements
1.3.3 Discussion of Uncertanties
1.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
2 Balancing the Risks and Benefits of Ultraviolet Radiation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Long Term Changes in UVEry
2.3 Geographical Variability in UVEry
2.4 Peak UV
2.4.1 Peak UV Index
2.4.2 Peak UV Daily Dose
2.5 Comparing Weighting Functions for Erythema and Vitamin D
2.6 Seasonal and Diurnal Variation of UVE~y and UVvitD
2.7 Global Climatologies of UVE~y and UVvitD
2.8 Relationship Between UVvitD and UVEry
2.9 Production of Vitamin D from Sunlight
2.10 Calculation of Optimal Times for Exposure to Sunlight
2.11 An Inconsistency
2.12 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
3 Climatology of Ultraviolet Radiation at High Latitudes Derived from Measurements of the National Science Foundation's Ultraviolet Spec-tral Irradiance Monitoring Network
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Data Analysis
3.2.1 Data
3.2.2 Establishment of Climatologies
3.2.3 Estimates of Historical UV Indices
3.3 UV Index Climatology
3.3.1 South Pole
3.3.2 McMurdo Station
3.3.3 Palmer Station
3.3.4 Ushuaia
3.3.5 San Diego
3.3.6 Barrow
3.4 Climatology ofUV-A Irradiance
3.5 Comparison of Radiation Levels at Network Sites
3.6 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
4 UV Solar Radiation in Polar Regions: Consequences for the Environment and Human Health
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Networks and Databanks
4.3 Impact of Solar UV on the Environment
4.3.1 Effect of the Environment on Solar UV
4.4 Impact of Solar UV on Human Health
4.4.1 Information and Protection Programs
4.4.2 Dosimetry, UV Modeling, and Instruments
4.5 Concluding Remarks
References
5 Changes in Ultraviolet and Visible Solar Irradiance 1979 to 2008
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Instrumentation
5.3 Detection of Long-Term Change
5.3.1 Radiation Amplification Factor
5.3.2 Different Definitions of RAF
5.3.3 Estimating UV Trends: Discussion
5.3.4 Reduction ofUV Irradiance by Clouds and Aerosols
5.3.5 Stokes Derivation of Cr=(1-R)/(1-Rc)
5.3.6 UV Absorption
5.3.7 Estimating Zonal Average UV Change
5.3.8 Estimating UV Trends: Satellites
5.3.9 Estimating UV Trends: Ground-Based
5.4 UV in the Polar Regions
5.5 Human Exposure to UV
5.6 UV Index and Units
5.7 Action Spectra and Irradiance Trends
5.8 UV Summary
Appendix 5.1 Calculating RAF(0 )
Acknowledgements
References
6 The Brewer Spectrophotometer
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History
6.3 The Instrument
6.3. I The Fore-Optics
6.3.2 The Spectrometer
6.3.3 The Photomultiplier Housing
6.3.4 Support Electronics
6.3.5 The Control Computer
6.4 Corrections Applied to Data
6.4.1 Dark Count
6.4.2 Dead Time
6.4.3 Stray Light
6.4.4 Temperature Response
6.4.5 Neutral Density Filters
6.4.6 Cosine Response
6.4.7 Intemal Polarization
6.5 Measurement of Total Ozone
6.5.1 Measurement Technique
6.5.2 Calibration
6.6 Measurement of Spectral UV Radiation
6.7 Measurement of Other Atmospheric Variables
6.7.1 Vertical Profile of Ozone
6.7.2 Atmospheric SO2
6.7.3 Atmospheric NOz
6.7.4 Aerosol Optical Depth
6.7.5 Effective Temperature of Atmospheric Ozone
6.8 The Brewer Spectrophotometer as a Powerful Research Tool
6.9 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
7 Techniques for Solar Dosimetry in Different Environments
7.1 Introduction
7.2 UV Dosimetry and Minimization Strategies
7.3 Miniaturization of Polysulphone Dosimeters
7.4 Measurements on Plants
7.5 Long-Term UV Dosimeters
7.6 Vitamin D Effective UV Dosimetry
7.7 Discussion and Conclusions
References
8 An Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring and Research Program for Agriculture
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Introduction to the USDA UVMRP (Purpose and History)
8.3 Monitoring Network
8.3.1 Sites and Coverage
8.3.2 Data Products Provided by UVMRP
8.4 Data Collection and Processing
8.4.1 UV-MFRSR Data Processing
8.4.2 Erythemally Weighted UV Irradiance
8.4.3 Langley Analysis
8.4.4 Data Processing for Other Measurements
8.5 Derived Products
8.5.1 Optical Depth
8.5.2 Daily Column Ozone
8.5.3 Synthetic Spectrum Data
8.6 Database Design and Website Interface
8.6.1 The Data
8.7 UVMRP's Role in UV-B Agricultural Effects Studies
8.7.1 Mississippi State University
8.7.2 Purdue University
8.7.3 Utah State University
8.7.4 University of Maryland
8.7.5 Washington State University
8.7.6 University of Illinois——Chicago
8.7.7 Highlights of Other Collaborations
8.8 Modeling of Agricultural Sustainability
8.9 Future Considerations
8.10 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
9 Radiative Transfer in the Coupled Atmosphere-Snow-Ice-Ocean(CASlO) System: Review of Modeling Capabilities
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Radiative Transfer Modeling
……
10 Comparative Analysis of UV-B Exposure Between Nimbus 7/TOMS Satellite Estimates and Ground-Based Measurements 
10.1 Introduction 
10.2 Materials and Methods 
10.3 Results and Discussion 
10.4 Conclusions 
Acknowledgements 
References 
11 Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Interaction with Air Pollution 
11.1 Introduction 
11.2 Optics of the Atmosphere 
11.3 Models and Measurements 
11.4 Summary 
References 
12 Urban Forest Influences on Exposure to UV Radiation and Potential Consequences for Human Health 
12.1 Introduction 
12.2 Effects of Solar UV on Human Health and Epidemiology 
12.3 UV Climatology 
12.4 Urban Structural Influences 
12.5 Public Health Information 
12.6 Conclusions 
Acknowledgements 
References 
13 Solar UV-B Radiation and Global Dimming: Effects on Plant Growth and UV-Shielding 
13.1 Introduction 
13.2 Methods 
13.3 Results 
13.4 Discussion 
13.5 Concluding Remarks 
Acknowledgements 
References 
14 Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation and lts Interactions with Climate Change Factors on Agricultural Crop Growth and Yield 
14.1 Introduction 
14.2 Abiotic Stress Factors and Crop Yield 
14.3 Crop Responses to UV-B and Other Climate Change Factors 
14.4 Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Cultivar Screening Tools 
14.5 Climate Change and Aerobiology and Public Health 
14.6 Concluding Remarks 
Acknowledgements 
References 
15 Assessment of DNA Damage as a Tool to Measure UV-B Tolerance in Soybean Lines Differing in Foliar Flavonoid Composition 
15.1 Introduction 
15.2 Materials and Methods 
15.3 Results and Discussion 
15.4 Conclusions 
Acknowledgements 
References 
16 Physiological Impacts of Short-Term UV Irradiance Exposures on Cultivars of Glycine Max 
16.1 Introduction 
16.2 Materials and Methods 
16.3 Results and Discussion 
16.4 Summary and Conclusions 
Acknowledgements 
References 
17 UV-Effects on Young Seedlings of Soybean: Effects in Early Development and Long-Term Effects 
17.1 Introduction 
17.2 Results and Discussion 
17.3 Conclusions 
17.4 Methods 
Acknowledgements 
References 
18 Characteristics of UV-B Radiation Tolerance in Broadleaf Trees in Southern USA 
18 1 Introduction 
18.2 Methodology 
18.3 Results and Discussion 
18.4 Conclusions 
Acknowledgements 
References 
Index