Maitrī

(Pali: ) – bu sanskritcha va palicha soʻz boʻlib, xayrixohlik, sevgi va mehribonlik }}, doʻstlik, samimiylik, yaxshi niyat va boshqalarga kuchli qiziqish kabi maʼnolarni anglatadi. Bu – toʻrt ilohiy holatning birinchisi va Teravada budda maktablaridagi oʻnta dan biridir.

Mehribonlik ni rivojlantirish – buddaviy meditatsiyaning mashhur shakllaridan biri hisoblanadi. Bu meditatsiya toʻrt oʻlchovsiz xolat tarkibiga kiradi. koʻpincha „rahm-shafqat meditatsiyasi“ sifatida Osiyo mamlakatlarida amaliyotga tatbiq etiladi; bu yerda rohiblar uni xalq uchun ovoz chiqarib, xonish shaklida bajaradilar.

ning rahm-shafqat va universallikdagi mehribonlik tushunchasi Metta Suttada keng yoritilgan boʻlib, u Hind dinlaridan – yaʼni Hinduzm va Jaynizmda ham uchraydi: sanskritda maitri va palicha metta shaklida.

Baʼzi kichik hajmdagi tadqiqotlar sevgi va xayrixohlik meditatsiyasining bemorlarga foydasi boʻlishi mumkinligini koʻrsatgan. Biroq, ilmiy sharhlarda bu tadqiqotlarning sifat va namunalar hajmi tanqid ostiga olingan.

 Etimologiyasi va maʼnosi 
 – bu palicha soʻz boʻlib, sanskrit tilidagi soʻzidan olingan, u esa oʻz navbatida soʻzidan kelib chiqqan. Monier Monier-Williamsning soʻzlariga koʻra, mitra soʻzi „doʻst“ degan maʼnoni anglatadi. Bu atama Shatapatha Brahmana, ayrim Upanishadlar va Vedanga ida, jumladan Pāṇinining Aṣṭādhyāyī asarida (5.4.36) ham uchraydi. Bu tushuncha buddaviylik matnlarida muhim gʻoya va amaliyot sifatida tez-tez tilga olinadi.

Buswell, Lopez hamda Harvey atamasini „mehribonlik“ yoki „xayrixohlik“ deb tarjima qiladilar. Buddaviy eʼtiqodga koʻra, bu – (ilohiy holat) boʻlib, oʻzida cheksiz xayrixohlikni mujassam etadi. U yomon niyatga qarshi meditatsion holatga olib boradi. Bu holat orqali inson salbiy ruhiy kechinmalarga bogʻlanishni tark etib, barcha mavjudotlarga nisbatan xayrixohlikni oʻzida rivojlantiradi.

ning „uzoq dushmani“ – bu nafrat yoki yomon niyat boʻlib, u unga qarama-qarshidir. „Yaqin dushmani“ esa (yaʼni koʻrinishidan oʻxshash, ammo aslida mohiyatan zid) – bu ochkoʻzlikdir: bunda inson maʼlum fazilatlarni yaxshi koʻradi, lekin notoʻgʻri sabablar bilan yaxshi koʻradi.

 

 

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