Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The US government considers veterans to have been exposed to Agent Orange if they served in Vietnam while the carcinogen was in use, and these veterans are often deemed at high risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we assess whether presumed Agent Orange exposure is independently associated with increased risk of any metastatic or fatal PCa in a diverse Veteran cohort still alive in the modern era (at least 2011), when accounting for race/ethnicity, family history, and genetic risk. Participants in the Million Veteran Program (MVP; enrollment began in 2011) who were on active duty during the Vietnam War era (August 1964-April 1975) were included (n = 301,470). Agent Orange exposure was determined using the US government definition. Genetic risk was assessed via a validated polygenic hazard score. Associations with age at diagnosis of any PCa, metastatic PCa, and death from PCa were assessed via Cox proportional hazards models. On univariable analysis, exposure to Agent Orange was not associated with increased PCa (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.04, p = 0.06), metastatic PCa (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91-1.05, p = 0.55), or fatal PCa (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79-1.09, p = 0.41). When accounting for race/ethnicity and family history, Agent Orange exposure was independently associated with slightly increased risk of PCa (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.09, <10-6) but not with metastatic PCa (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.98-1.15, p = 0.10) or PCa death (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.83-1.23, p = 0.09). Similar results were found when accounting for genetic risk. Agent Orange exposure history may not improve modern PCa risk stratification.
The US Military-Baylor Graduate Program in Nutrition (GPN) has a 10% 7-year attrition rate representing wasted military resources. Evidence-based selection criteria for dietetics masters of science (MS) programs do not exist, nor does descriptive information of successful students. Identify GPN student characteristics predicting program success in the didactic and internship phases. Retrospective study using demographic, academic, and nonacademic data extracted from existing files. There were 72 GPN students enrolled from 2006 to 2013 in San Antonio, TX. Categorization by optimal performance (no course grade <3.0, no internship rotation delays, first attempt pass registered dietitian nutritionist examination) and GPN completion. The average GPN student was female (65%), in the US Army (94%), and single (64%), with a mean age of 26 years. Mean Quantitative, Verbal Reasoning, and Analytical Writing Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores were 149, 153, and 4.2 points, respectively. Odds of GPN failure increased 1.3 times with each year increase in age at GPN program start (95% CI=1.089 to 1.612; P=0.005). Odds of attaining optimal performance decreased 4.5 times with each additional year increase between GRE completion and GPN start (95% CI=1.623 to 16.236; P=0.005) and 0.157 times with each grade point average point decrease in Biochemistry (95% CI=0.49 to 0.430; P=0.002). Modification of selection criteria based on time between GRE and GPN start and undergraduate Biochemistry grades could improve GPN success. However, identification and mitigation of potential student weaknesses is a more realistic approach to promote student success. Intentional development of students with optimal characteristics will strengthen the dietetics profession during the transition to an MS degree requirement.
The usage of digital information and communication technologies in European healthcare is growing. Unlike numerous technological possibilities, the present use of these technologies and perspectives towards them in relation to otolaryngology care have so far been of less interest. This study evaluates the utilisation of and attitudes towards digital information and communication technologies in cross-sectoral otolaryngology care among German patients. A structured interview-based study was conducted at the outpatient facility of a tertiary hospital in Germany. It focused on chief complaints, current use of digital technologies, estimated benefits of increased digital technology use in otolaryngology care, and sociodemographic data. The detailed statistical analysis employed Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 208 otolaryngology patients completed the interview. Digital communication technologies exhibited a high penetration rate (91.8%) and were regularly used in daily life (78.7%) and for health reasons (73.3%). Younger age (p ≤ 0.003) and higher education levels (p ≤ 0.008) were significantly correlated with the increased digital communication technology use. The overall potential of eHealth technologies was rated significantly higher by younger patients (p ≤ 0.001). The patients' chief complaints showed no significant influence on the current and potential use of these technologies for cross-sectoral otolaryngology care. Regardless of their chief complaints, German otolaryngology patients regularly use digital information and communication technologies for health reasons and express interest in their further use for cross-sectoral care. To enhance digital patient communication in otolaryngology, attention should be given to treatment quality, usability, data security and availability and financial remuneration for service providers.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is expected to increase significantly in the upcoming years. Advancements in AI technology have the potential to revolutionize health care, from aiding in the diagnosis of certain diseases to helping with treatment decisions. Current literature suggests the integration of the subject of AI in medicine as part of the medical curriculum to prepare medical students for the opportunities and challenges related to the use of the technology within the clinical context. We aimed to explore the relevant knowledge and understanding of the subject of AI in medicine and specify curricula teaching content within medical education. For this research, we conducted 12 guideline-based expert interviews. Experts were defined as individuals who have been engaged in full-time academic research, development, or teaching in the field of AI in medicine for at least 5 years. As part of the data analysis, we recorded, transcribed, and analyzed the interviews using qualitative content analysis. We used the software QCAmap and inductive category formation to analyze the data. The qualitative content analysis led to the formation of three main categories ("Knowledge," "Interpretation," and "Application") with a total of 9 associated subcategories. The experts interviewed cited knowledge and an understanding of the fundamentals of AI, statistics, ethics, and privacy and regulation as necessary basic knowledge that should be part of medical education. The analysis also showed that medical students need to be able to interpret as well as critically reflect on the results provided by AI, taking into account the associated risks and data basis. To enable the application of AI in medicine, medical education should promote the acquisition of practical skills, including the need for basic technological skills, as well as the development of confidence in the technology and one's related competencies. The analyzed expert interviews' results suggest that medical curricula should include the topic of AI in medicine to develop the knowledge, understanding, and confidence needed to use AI in the clinical context. The results further imply an imminent need for standardization of the definition of AI as the foundation to identify, define, and teach respective content on AI within medical curricula.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine not only directly impacts the medical profession but is also increasingly associated with various potential ethical aspects. In addition, the expanding use of AI and AI-based applications such as ChatGPT demands a corresponding shift in medical education to adequately prepare future practitioners for the effective use of these tools and address the associated ethical challenges they present. This study aims to explore how medical students from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland perceive the use of AI in medicine and the teaching of AI and AI ethics in medical education in accordance with their use of AI-based chat applications, such as ChatGPT. This cross-sectional study, conducted from June 15 to July 15, 2023, surveyed medical students across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland using a web-based survey. This study aimed to assess students' perceptions of AI in medicine and the integration of AI and AI ethics into medical education. The survey, which included 53 items across 6 sections, was developed and pretested. Data analysis used descriptive statistics (median, mode, IQR, total number, and percentages) and either the chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests, as appropriate. Surveying 487 medical students across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland revealed limited formal education on AI or AI ethics within medical curricula, although 38.8% (189/487) had prior experience with AI-based chat applications, such as ChatGPT. Despite varied prior exposures, 71.7% (349/487) anticipated a positive impact of AI on medicine. There was widespread consensus (385/487, 74.9%) on the need for AI and AI ethics instruction in medical education, although the current offerings were deemed inadequate. Regarding the AI ethics education content, all proposed topics were rated as highly relevant. This study revealed a pronounced discrepancy between the use of AI-based (chat) applications, such as ChatGPT, among medical students in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and the teaching of AI in medical education. To adequately prepare future medical professionals, there is an urgent need to integrate the teaching of AI and AI ethics into the medical curricula.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI), which can emulate human intelligence and enhance clinical results, has grown in healthcare decision-making due to the digitalization effects and the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the scope of applications of AI tools in the decision-making process in healthcare service delivery networks. This study used a qualitative method to conduct a systematic review of the existing reviews. Review articles published between 2000 and 2024 in English-language were searched in PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases. The CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) Checklist for Systematic Reviews was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. Based on the eligibility criteria, the final articles were selected and the data extraction was done independently by 2 authors. Finally, the thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data extracted from the selected articles. Of the 14 219 identified records, 18 review articles were eligible and included in the analysis, which covered the findings of 669 other articles. The quality assessment score of all reviewed articles was high. And, the thematic analysis of the data identified 3 main themes including clinical decision-making, organizational decision-making, and shared decision-making; which originated from 8 subthemes. This study revealed that AI tools have been applied in various aspects of healthcare decision-making. The use of AI can improve the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of healthcare services by providing accurate, timely, and personalized information to support decision-making. Further research is needed to explore the best practices and standards for implementing AI in healthcare decision-making.
The use of bibliometrics, based on statistical and mathematical tools, makes it possible to measure the contributions of researchers to science. This is a widely used tool to assess scientific production in several areas of knowledge. Such methodology analyzes publication trends, author networks, structures of co-citation, journals and even the scientific contribution of renowned scholars in science. The precursor of bibliometrics, Eugene Garfield, who proposes the retrieval of information from the indexing of citations, was the object of a scientometric review aimed at assessing his impact on science. Given such relevance, this article presents the academic contribution of Jürgen Habermas based on a preliminary scientometric review of his studies. Jürgen Habermas is regarded not only as an active scholar in the social and political process, but also as a productive, controversial and influential contemporary author. The correct understanding of his works is a great challenge, as the bases of his thinking are so broad that they allow an interface between different approaches. We elaborated a design of his scientific work with the advancement to a connection between his main ideas through the use of bibliometric software. Bibliometrics, of the scientometric type, allows the understanding of how recognized patterns in citations can develop information relevant to the scientific field. The results confirm the multidisciplinary contribution of Habermas's studies and highlight his main fields of research and works, which serve as a foundation for clearly understanding and applying his concepts.
The use of blended learning (BL) pedagogy has become inevitable due to contemporary technological innovations in the nursing education sector. As of late, the need to use BL pedagogy has resulted by the sudden occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, several nurse educators still experience uncertainties in using BL due to technological, psychological, infrastructure and equipment readiness barriers. To report the attitudes of nurse educators towards the use of BL pedagogy as a new norm of teaching and learning in public nursing education institutions (NEIs) in the Gauteng Province (GP), South Africa, during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study was conducted in five Gauteng public NEIs. A descriptive non-experimental quantitative design was conducted with 144 nurse educators. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) was used to analyse data with the help of a biostatistician. Technologically, only 50% (N = 72) found BL easy to use while 48% (n = 69) were ready and willing to use the BL Psychologically, more than half, that is, 65% (n = 94) lacked the confidence to use BL pedagogy. About 55% (n = 79) reported having inadequate BL infrastructure, while 32% (n = 46) seemed to be satisfied with the availability of effective equipment to support BL pedagogy. Based on the results, it is apparent that nurse educators in Gauteng are not technologically and psychologically ready, since the infrastructure and equipment to support the BL are not adequately provided. The study emphasised the purpose of performing regular assessments to establish the overall readiness of nurse educators to successfully implement the BL pedagogy.
the use of blood transfusions leads to increased hospital costs and an increased risk of medical complications and death. Therefore, it is necessary to study the incidence of major bleeding events and the factors associated with these outcomes in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). observational, longitudinal and prospective study, carried out at the High Specialty Medical Unit of Traumatology and Orthopedics of Lomas Verdes of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, in the Joint Replacement Service, in the period from March 1, 2020 to July 1, 2020. the incidence of major bleeding in patients undergoing primary THA was 84.8%, when considering two criteria: a decrease in hemoglobin 2 g/dl and the need for transfusion 2 units of red blood cells. This figure increased to 87.1% when also including trans-surgical bleeding at its 75th percentile, equivalent to 500 ml. Transfusion of at least one unit of red blood cells during surgery was performed in 68% of patients. Trans-surgical bleeding reached a maximum of 1,900 ml, with a 75th percentile of 500 ml. Unlike other studies, in our institution, female gender did not prove to be a significant risk factor for major bleeding. it is advisable to analyze the procedures and particularities of THA surgery that may be associated with a lower risk of bleeding in older patients.
The use of both sexes or genders should be considered in experimental design, analysis, and reporting. Since there is no requirement to double the sample size or to have sufficient power to study sex differences, challenges for the statistical analysis can arise. In this article, we focus on the topics of statistical power and ways to increase this power. We also discuss the choice of an appropriate design and statistical method and include a separate section on equivalence tests needed to show the absence of a relevant difference.
The use of central venous catheters as hemodialysis vascular access is a major contributor to high bloodstream infection rate. In our dialysis unit in Shenzhen Guangdong Province China, we have developed and used our own dialysis catheter care protocol since May 2013 with good results. In this study, we would like to share our experience with the other units. We have undertaken a 5-year retrospective analysis to determine our tunneled dialysis catheter-related blood stream infection rate by adding the number of infections divided by total number of catheter days × 1000. The results were compared with another study carried out in Henan Province China. Demographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using t-test and χ2 test respectively. Between 2017 and 2021, a total of 216 tunneled dialysis catheters were managed by following our own dialysis access pathway and catheter care protocol. The tunneled dialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection rate was 0.0229 per 1000 catheter days in the 5-year period. Comparing with other published studies in China, our unit has achieved a very low rate of tunneled dialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection which has been sustained over time. This paper explores how our protocol and implementation might have contributed to the results.
The use of composite outcome measures (COM) in clinical trials is increasing. Whilst their use is associated with benefits, several limitations have been highlighted and there is limited literature exploring their use within critical care. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the use of COM in high-impact critical care trials, and compare study parameters (including sample size, statistical significance, and consistency of effect estimates) in trials using composite versus non-composite outcomes. A systematic review of 16 high-impact journals was conducted. Randomised controlled trials published between 2012 and 2022 reporting a patient important outcome and involving critical care patients, were included. 8271 trials were screened, and 194 included. 39.1% of all trials used a COM and this increased over time. Of those using a COM, only 52.6% explicitly described the outcome as composite. The median number of components was 2 (IQR 2-3). Trials using a COM recruited fewer participants (409 (198.8-851.5) vs 584 (300-1566, p = 0.004), and their use was not associated with increased rates of statistical significance (19.7% vs 17.8%, p = 0.380). Predicted effect sizes were overestimated in all but 6 trials. For studies using a COM the effect estimates were consistent across all components in 43.4% of trials. 93% of COM included components that were not patient important. COM are increasingly used in critical care trials; however effect estimates are frequently inconsistent across COM components confounding outcome interpretations. The use of COM was associated with smaller sample sizes, and no increased likelihood of statistically significant results. Many of the limitations inherent to the use of COM are relevant to critical care research.
The use of digital technologies for health care has been the focus of social studies, which have concentrated on the digital divide between individuals who use technology and those who do not-with the latter often being considered as individuals with shortcomings. In Denmark, 91% of the population have computers and 97 out of 100 families have internet access, indicating that lack of access to technology is not the primary reason for nonuse. Although previous studies have primarily focused on participants' perspectives of using internet-based treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), no study has investigated individuals' reasons to prefer face-to-face treatment over blended face-to-face and internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (bCBT) for AUD among treatment-seeking populations. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the nonuse of bCBT among patients with AUD. Specifically, this study aims to explore patients' reasons for choosing not to receive treatment via this format. This study was conducted among Danish patients with AUD who were enrolled in the study "Blending internet treatment into conventional face-to-face treatment for alcohol use disorder (Blend-A)" but had not used bCBT. The participant group consisted of 11 patients with AUD: 3 women and 8 men. The age range of the participants was 29-78 years (mean 59 years). Individual semistructured interviews were conducted using cell phones to gather participants' reasons for not choosing bCBT. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Five authors performed the analysis in 3 steps: (1) two authors read the transcripts and coded themes from their immediate impression of the material, (2) one author provided feedback, which was used to group overlapping themes together or create new themes that better reflected the content, and (3) the remaining two authors provided feedback on the analysis to improve its structure, readability, and relevance to the research aim. We found that the participants had various reasons for choosing face-to-face treatment over bCBT; these reasons were more related to personal matters and lesser to digital health literacy. We identified 4 themes related to personal matters for choosing face-to-face treatment over bCBT: (1) patients' need for attending sessions in person, (2) preference for verbal communication, (3) desire for immediate feedback, and (4) feeling more empowered and motivated with face-to-face sessions. This study provides valuable insight into participants' perspectives on blended therapy for AUD and highlights the importance of considering personal factors when designing digital health interventions. Our study indicates that most of the participants choose not to use bCBT for AUD because they perceive such treatment formats as impersonal. Instead, they prefer direct communication with the therapist, including the ability to express and comprehend facial expressions and body language. RR2-10.1186/s12888-021-03122-4.