Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Introduction Bone marrow is involved in various haematological and non-haematological conditions in the paediatric age group. To understand and analyse the underlying etiology, bone marrow examination, including both bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy, forms an important diagnostic tool. It helps to differentiate proliferative disorders of the myeloid and lymphoid series, find out their prognosis based on severity, and assess their status before therapy is started. It also aids in staging and in the detection of infiltration of the marrow by foreign cells. The spectrum of disorders affecting the marrow in children ranges from common disorders like nutritional deficiency anaemia to serious conditions like leukaemia. Their line of management, severity, and prognosis differ from the bone marrow lesions found in adults. The present study was done to demonstrate the utility of bone marrow examination in the paediatric age group, to demonstrate its contribution to the final diagnosis of the patient, and to list and study the various lesions encountered in this age group in a tertiary care teaching hospital and for better understanding of clinicopathological features and microscopy, suggesting variation with or convergence with literature. Material and methods This was an observational study with a combination of retrospective and prospective studies, carried out over a period of six years, from January 2014 to December 2019. All bone marrow aspiration and biopsy samples received in the surgical pathology department of our tertiary healthcare centre during the study period of patients between zero and 18 years of age were included. Samples obtained at autopsy and samples where the tissue was diluted or the marrow was inadequate were excluded from the study. Detailed histomorphology was studied in all cases, and the data obtained was recorded in an excel sheet. The descriptive statistics were expressed in terms of numbers and percentages. The study was ethically approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of our hospital before the commencement of the study. Results The maximum number of marrows were performed in the age group of 12-18 years, followed by six to 12 years. The most common indication for performing bone marrow examination was 'evaluation of cytopenias', followed by 'suspected/to rule out haematological malignancy'. A male predominance was found. Overall and amongst neoplastic lesions, acute leukaemia was the commonest diagnosis in the bone marrow. Infections were the second most common lesion overall and the commonest non-neoplastic lesion encountered. Conclusion The spectrum of lesions requiring bone marrow examination in the paediatric age group is of varied etiologies. Bone marrow examination in children is useful in understanding the pathogenesis, establishing a tissue diagnosis, ruling out haematological malignancies and other causes of cytopenias, planning further lines of investigations and management, and knowing the response to therapy and prognosis.
Introduction Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women globally, contributing significantly to cancer-related deaths. In Saudi Arabia, it ranks as the second most common cancer among women. Studies have highlighted a lack of awareness about breast cancer, negatively impacting breast self-examination practices. The Eastern Province has particularly high incidence rates. Knowledge of risk and protective factors can aid in prevention and early detection. While some studies show good awareness, this research aims to assess women's knowledge and attitudes about breast cancer risk factors and warning signs in the Eastern Province. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province from June to October 2023 to assess breast cancer awareness among adult females. Data were collected via an online survey. Data were cleaned in MS Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Results Our study assessed breast cancer awareness in 697 participants in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province. Most were aged 20-24 years (30.3%), married (49.2%), and Saudi nationals (97.6%), with higher education (59.4%). Significantly, 69.2% received education on breast cancer risk factors/signs. Some had personal breast cancer diagnoses (5.0%), and 31.7% had affected family members. Participants showed good awareness of various risk factors and warning signs. Significant associations were found between nationality, personal breast cancer diagnosis, and knowledge and attitudes about risk factors. Age, marital status, occupation, education on breast cancer, and personal breast cancer diagnosis influenced knowledge and attitudes about warning signs. Conclusion Our study findings indicate generally good awareness of breast cancer risk factors and warning signs among participants. Age, marital status, occupation, education on breast cancer, and personal breast cancer diagnosis influenced knowledge and attitudes about risk factors and warning signs. Educational efforts should target lesser-known risk factors to enhance prevention and early detection.
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are an important cause of mortality in Pakistan. Developing nations like Pakistan with poor literacy rates and the majority of the population living in rural areas seem to be insufficient in their knowledge of symptoms. A study indicated that about half of the cardiac deaths occur within one hour of onset of symptoms, thus it is necessary to have adequate knowledge of symptoms to identify the sufferer and to pursue medical services as early as possible. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge of ischemic heart disease (IHD) symptoms in the population and to investigate the relationship of age, gender, socio-economic status, education, and occupation with knowledge. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan over a period of four months from May 2018 to August 2018. The study population comprised of people visiting the hospital. Individuals aged 18 and above were included while medical professionals were excluded. An interviewer-assisted semi-structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. After taking consent, 225 participants were asked about their demographic profile and to enlist as many symptoms of IHD as possible. Reference was made to the seven typical symptoms of IHD as recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), v23.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY) was used for the analysis. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA test were applied; p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of the seven symptoms endorsed by WHO, chest pain was most frequently identified (42%), followed by pain in the arm (23%), diaphoresis (19%), weakness and fainting (16%), dyspnea (15%), paleness (8%), and sickness and vomiting (5%). Mean score, out of seven symptoms, was 1.28 ± 1.19. Among the total participants, 34% could not enlist any symptom. Participants with higher education, skilled workers, and those having relatives who suffered from IHD showed significantly higher knowledge about IHD symptoms. Conclusions The study showed a paucity of knowledge about IHD symptoms among the participants. Hence it provides grounds for future awareness campaigns to educate the masses.
Introduction Central venous access devices (CVADs) are indispensable in the management of pediatric cancer patients, offering vital access to treatment. Yet, complications related to CVADs, such as infections, thrombosis, and dislocations, pose significant risks, potentially leading to prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, or even mortality. To address these challenges, our hospital established a pediatric CVAD surveillance and rounding team to improve the management and care of pediatric patients with CVADs. Materials and methods This single-center retrospective study evaluated the impact of the pediatric CVAD surveillance and rounding team on the management of pediatric oncology patients with CVADs at Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan. We included pediatric cancer patients under 18 years of age who underwent CVAD placement from January 2018 to December 2022. The team conducted weekly rounds focusing on a comprehensive checklist to ensure optimal CVAD care. We compared the incidence of catheter-related complications before and after the establishment of the rounding team using the Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. Results The study encompassed 28 patients before and 39 after the implementation of the surveillance rounds. Significant reductions were observed in the number of dislocations (from 28.6% to 0%, p = 0.001) and local infections (from 17.9% to 2.6%, p = 0.04). While the decreases in thrombosis, catheter breakage/rupture, and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) did not reach statistical significance, they suggest a favorable trend toward enhanced management of CVADs. Conclusions The establishment of a pediatric CVAD surveillance and rounding team significantly reduced the incidence of dislocations and local infections among pediatric cancer patients with CVADs. This multidisciplinary team approach highlights the importance of continuous surveillance, teamwork, and education in enhancing the quality of CVAD care, contributing to safer patient outcomes and emphasizing the need for continuous improvement in pediatric CVAD management.
Introduction Child abuse and neglect (CAN) affects many countries, including Saudi Arabia (SA). CAN in SA is more commonly detected in hospitals. Therefore, healthcare professionals must identify and report the cases. This study aims to assess knowledge and perceptions toward CAN among training physicians. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted through a self-administrated structured questionnaire and involved 123 residents and fellows who deal with children in Jeddah, SA. The participants were recruited using convenient sampling methods. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results We found that approximately 78% would report their findings to the legal authority, document them, and assess their consistency with parents and the child's explanation. However, only 41.5% of the participants would report CAN to the proper authority. Most participants believed that CAN should be redefined according to Saudi culture and religious standards. In contrast, 68.9% of the participants believed that CAN cases are under-reported in SA. The main barrier to not reporting is the fear of consequences (63.4%). About 77% of the participants agreed to the need for further training. Identifying the CAN indicators was higher among those who handled a CAN case previously (median = 66.67, p = 0.023). Conclusions In conclusion, the study showed that appropriate undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum training should be developed to strengthen future healthcare practitioners in dealing with CAN cases to protect children's welfare.
Introduction Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric disorder, of acute onset, present at any age, but more common in older adults, and very common in clinical practice. It combines mental and behavioral symptoms with a fluctuating course, with worsening of the condition in the afternoon and at night, with important repercussions on increased mortality, greater risk of cognitive impairment, and hospitalization costs. Delirium's impact extends to patients, families, and healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for public awareness and education in Saudi Arabia. Methodology It is a cross-sectional conducted in Saudi Arabia that aims to assess knowledge, risk factors, and attitudes regarding delirium among all Saudi and non-Saudi residents aged 18 and older. A 36 self-administered questionnaire, standardized Nordic, was used. Data were cleaned in Microsft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). This study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from May 2023 till March 2024. Results Our study involved 1,470 participants from Saudi Arabia, primarily females (79.1%), Saudi nationals (89.9%), and unmarried individuals (65.4%). Most participants were aged 18-24 (59.5%) and held bachelor's degrees (57.3%). Commonly recognized delirium risk factors included increasing age (63.3%), dementia (58.2%), and longer ICU stays (48.7%). The participants showed moderate knowledge of delirium symptoms and consequences. Attitudes varied, with many agreeing that delirium requires intervention (30.7%) but fewer considering it preventable (17.1%). Sociodemographic factors, including gender and age, significantly influenced knowledge and attitudes, while education levels did not. Conclusion Our study found that gender and age influenced knowledge and attitudes, highlighting the importance of targeted education. Future research should further investigate the effectiveness of such interventions in enhancing knowledge and awareness and promoting preventive actions.
Introduction Dental school admissions in Pakistan traditionally rely on Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC), University of Health Sciences (UHS), and National Testing Service (NTS) scores, with limited research available on their predictive validity for dental school performance. This study aims to investigate the correlation between a student's first-year dental school performance and their HSSC, UHS, and NTS scores. Methods A total of 282 records, spanning the years 2016 to 2020, were obtained from a single private dental institution. The data included HSSC, UHS, and/or NTS scores, with the first professional examination results as the dependent variable. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 25.0, Armonk, NY), encompassing descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results Pearson's coefficients revealed weak to moderate positive correlations between the first professional examination and HSSC (r=0.209, p<.01), UHS (r=0.344, p<.01), and NTS (r=0.350, p<.01), all statistically significant at p < 0.01. Multiple regression analysis indicated that UHS scores contributed the highest explanatory power (R² = 0.146) in predicting first professional examination results. Conclusion A positive correlation between HSSC, UHS, and NTS scores with dental students' performance in the first professional examination is observed. However, the correlations are moderate, highlighting the importance of incorporating assessments that consider cognitive, behavioral, and skill-related aspects in admissions processes. Given the evolving landscape of dental education, these findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to identify candidates better equipped to serve the healthcare sector.
Introduction Despite the growth of telecommunication applications to provide clinical healthcare services, there has been little attention to the pedagogical framework needed to train healthcare students to deliver these services. Methods In this exploratory investigation, perceptions of speech-language pathology/therapy (SLP/SLT) faculty ( n = 31), graduate students ( n = 16), and telehealth ("telepractice") clinicians ( n = 16) were examined with a 15-item survey regarding the 1) comparative pedagogical importance of four skills common to telepractice and face-to-face service (f2f) delivery, and 2) relative pedagogical value of seven skills and competencies unique to telepractice. Results Statistical analyses revealed nonverbal communication skills and knowledge of the literature related to service delivery methods were more important in telepractice than in f2f service delivery. Among seven skills unique to telepractice, participants believed the most important was solving problems related to the Internet and recommended at least two hours of instruction each in telepractice technology, patient confidentiality, and role-playing telepractice. Results suggest that SLP/SLT students may need additional and/or focused academic training in nonverbal communication, telepractice literature, and in solving connectivity issues to enter the telepractice marketplace with sufficient preparation. Discussion Further study is needed to compare the relative importance of additional SLP/SLT skills and competencies, describe components of effective healthcare training telepractice programs, and explore effective pedagogical strategies for healthcare telepractice instruction.
Introduction Despite the proven efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, there is a significant level of hesitancy, particularly among the elderly population in Nigeria. The research investigates factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older persons attending Geriatric Centers in southwestern Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 332 older adults (≥60 years). Sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes, beliefs, psychological antecedents, sources of information, and perceived sensitivity to the COVID-19 vaccine were explored. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 27.0, Armonk, NY) at a 0.05 significance level. Results The mean age of the respondents was 71.8±7.3 years. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 43.1%. Predictors of COVID-19 hesitancy were not knowing where to get vaccination OR=7.058 (1.745-28.542), did not think vaccines are safe OR=8.767 (2.250-34.159), worries about unforeseen future effects OR=1.111 (1.004-1.227), preference for natural immunity OR=1.170 (1.036-1.321). Discussion COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was high in our study. Our study underscores the importance of community engagement, education, and communication strategies tailored to the needs and perceptions of the older population in Nigeria.
Introduction Echocardiography is pivotal in neonatal care by providing valuable insights into cardiac function, anatomy, and hemodynamics. The ability of echocardiography to guide clinical decision-making is evident in its capacity to influence and change management strategies. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to know the prevalence of heart disease and the association between echocardiographic indications and neonatal outcomes and interventions. Materials and method This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neonatology Department, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi, Wardha. Ill neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were selected in a randomized manner, and echocardiography was performed. The decision was made on the indications for echocardiography, the echocardiographic findings, and any modifications to the clinical care. Mean differences were compared using an unpaired Student's t-test. A significant level is defined as a p-value of less than 0.05. Results Of all the ill neonates, heart disease was present in 60 (52.6%) neonates. The most frequent indication for echocardiography was respiratory distress in 39 (34.21%). In neonates with heart disease, 27(45%) had acyanotic heart disease, nine (15%) had cyanotic heart disease, and 24(40%) had miscellaneous heart disease. The mean appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (APGAR) score at five minutes in neonates without heart disease was 9.05, and for those with heart disease, it was 8.95, with no statistically significant difference. Out of 114 neonates, the mean NICU stay of neonates without heart disease was 6.59 days, and those with heart disease was 9.95 days with a p-value of 0.0001, hence showing statistically significant differences. Out of all the 114 neonates, 57.89% underwent no intervention, 36.85% underwent medical intervention, and 5.26% underwent surgical interventions. Out of 114 neonates, 101 neonates were discharged, and 13 neonates were dead. Out of the 54 neonates with no cardiac abnormality, 50 (92.59%) were discharged, and four (7.41%) neonates were dead. Out of the 60 neonates with cardiac abnormality, 51 (85%) were discharged, and nine (15%) were dead, with a p-value of 0.203, showing no statistical significance between cardiac abnormality and neonatal outcome. Conclusion Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of echocardiography in the NICU for evaluating ill neonates. The findings underline the significance of early detection and precise diagnostic insights provided by echocardiography, contributing to tailored management strategies. The study highlights the transformative impact of echocardiography on clinical decision-making, facilitating timely interventions and improving overall neonatal care. Echocardiography is essential to improving outcomes for these susceptible newborns in the NICU as we continue to expand our knowledge of neonatal heart health.
Introduction Genetic disorders pose a significant health challenge in India, with chromosomal abnormalities ranking second only to congenital anomalies in terms of disease burden. Prenatal testing offers a crucial strategy for identifying and managing these disorders. However, the awareness and understanding of prenatal screening tests among pregnant women in India remain understudied. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the awareness quotient of prenatal screening tests for genetic disorders among pregnant women in India. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Genetics Unit, Department of Anatomy, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri. Ethical clearance was obtained, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire covering demographic characteristics and awareness assessment. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were employed for data analysis. Results Among the 200 pregnant women surveyed, the majority demonstrated inadequate awareness of prenatal screening tests for genetic disorders, with only 36.5% possessing adequate knowledge. Significant associations were found between awareness levels and factors such as age, trimester of pregnancy, and education level. Notably, awareness about non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) was notably low at 7%, indicating a need for targeted educational interventions. Comparison with international studies revealed varying levels of awareness across different populations, highlighting the influence of socio-cultural factors and healthcare systems. Conclusion This study underscores the need for improved awareness of prenatal screening tests among pregnant women in India. Addressing disparities in awareness, particularly among younger age groups and those with lower education levels, is crucial for informed decision-making in prenatal care. Targeted educational interventions can empower pregnant women to make informed choices, ultimately contributing to better maternal and child health outcomes. Further research should explore the effectiveness of such interventions in diverse settings to enhance prenatal care delivery.