Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Introduction Obstetric emergencies, like eclampsia, need a quick and accurate response from the treating physician coming into first contact with the patient. Therefore, all doctors, even primary care physicians, interns, and resident doctors, need training to handle such cases proficiently, leaving minimal chances of error. Providing training for the management of these critical conditions on actual patients is not practically feasible. Clinical simulation in obstetrics can be used for the improvement of these skills for undergraduate and postgraduate students. We conducted a non-blinded randomized controlled trial with the primary aim of developing and implementing a module for training undergraduate medical students on the assessment and management of eclampsia and to evaluate and compare it with traditional didactic lectures or case-based learning. Methods The present randomized controlled educational trial was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India. The undergraduate medical students (Phase 3, Part 1) posted in the department during their clinical postings or tutorials were randomized into two groups. A total of 62 students were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, each consisting of 31 students. However, only 24/31 (77.42%) in Group A and 19/31 (61.3%) in Group B finally agreed to participate in the study. One group (Group A, with 24 participants) was taught the diagnosis and management of antepartum eclampsia through simulation-based training, and the other group (Group B, with 19 participants) was taught the same topic through conventional teaching, which consisted of didactic lectures through PowerPoint presentations and case-based discussion. Learning objectives were kept identical for both groups. Pre- and post-test scores were compared for both groups. Results The mean pre-test score of the simulation group was 6.13 ± 1.39, and that of the conventional teaching group was 6.05 ± 1.54. The post-test score of the simulation group was 9.17 ± 1.34, and that of the conventional teaching group was 7.37 ± 1.70. The simulation group showed an extremely significant (two-tailed p < 0.0001) improvement in their post-test scores when compared to their scores before the module was taught. The difference in the scores of simulated teaching (Group A) and conventional teaching (Group B) was also statistically significant (p = 0.005). Simulation-based learning was found to be more interactive, helpful in providing real-life-like experiences, led to better retention and understanding, and motivated the students for self-directed learning. Conclusion Although both conventional and simulation-based teaching were useful, simulation-based training was more effective in teaching undergraduate medical students regarding the diagnosis and management of eclampsia. Simulation-based learning is more interactive, provides real-life-like experiences, leads to better retention and understanding, and motivates the students for self-directed learning.
Introduction Osteology is the detailed study of the structure of the bones. This study assesses the effectiveness of employing the 3D visualization tool Anatomage table as a learning adjunct to osteology training in first-year medical students by post-test evaluations related to the humerus, radius, and ulna bones. Method This study was conducted in first-year medical graduate students in the Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Raipur, India. Students included in the study were divided into two groups by simple random sampling after voluntary consent. The study group students, Group A, were taught osteology by traditional teaching and visualizing bone with a tool, an Anatomage table. The control group (Group B) is for traditional teaching. The study involved demonstrating each group's humerus, radius, and ulna bones, with sessions lasting 60 minutes. After each topic, a post-test was administered. A total of 94 students for the test for the humerus bone, 98 students for the radius bones, and 85 students for the ulna bones responded to the post-test conducted after sessions. Descriptive statistics were assessed using mean and standard deviation. Independent sample t-tests compare the mean marks obtained post-test by two groups of students. Results The results indicated that students in Group A scored higher mean marks than their counterparts in Group B across all three bone post-tests, but the significance of the differences varied. For humerus, mean marks obtained by students of Group A (Anatomage table teaching) (mean±SD: 4.00± 1.10) were higher than those of Group B (traditional teaching) (mean±SD: 3.63± 1.36). Still, we do not observe a statistically significant difference in mean marks of students of Group A vs. students of Group B (P=0.166, P>0.05). For radius, we observe statistically higher mean marks among students of Group A (mean±SD: 3.72±0.944) compared to students of Group B (mean±SD: 3.22±1.08) (P=0.021, P<0.05). Similarly, for ulna, we observe higher mean marks for Group A (mean±SD: 3.18.00±1.55) as compared to Group B (mean±SD: 3.13±1.21) but do not observe a statistically significant difference in mean marks of students of Group A vs. students of Group B (P=0.875, P>.05). Conclusion Including the Anatomage table for visualization during osteology sessions yielded benefits for all three sessions. Future studies could employ more extensive and diverse samples to validate the findings further and incorporate qualitative methods to gain insights into students' perceptions of both teaching methods.
Introduction Planovalgus deformity is common in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), particularly spastic diplegia and spastic quadriplegia. It results from muscle imbalance over the immature foot skeleton, leading to hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction, and joint subluxation. Surgical interventions, like calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO), are frequently employed to correct this deformity, but objective guidelines for its use in CP patients are lacking. Material and methods This retrospective cohort study examined the efficacy of CLO in correcting plano valgus deformity in pediatric CP patients at the Pediatric Orthopedic Unit of Christian Medical College (CMC) in Vellore, India. Data from patient records and radiographs were collected, including demographics, pre- and postoperative angles, and surgical details. Statistical analysis was performed to assess changes in angles and associations with various factors. Results After the surgery, there was a notable enhancement in the calcaneal pitch, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and naviculocuboid overlap, as shown by the CLO results. However, tibiocalcaneal angles did not show significant changes. Associations were observed between age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, additional surgeries, and postoperative angle corrections. Conclusion CLO shows promise in correcting plano valgus deformity, with age, GMFCS level, and comorbidities influencing outcomes. Long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor correction durability. Specific radiographic angles provide insights into CLO's biomechanical effects, but study limitations warrant caution in interpretation. CLO effectively corrects plano valgus deformity in pediatric CP patients, with age, GMFCS level, and comorbidities influencing outcomes. Long-term follow-up and further research are needed to optimize management strategies and enhance understanding of surgical outcomes.
Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become integral across medical specialties globally, addressing clinical queries, guiding procedures, and bridging the gap between physical examination and advanced imaging. Early ultrasound training for medical students enhances clinical decision-making and reduces diagnostic errors. Aims To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of senior medical students towards POCUS and to assess knowledge gaps and difficulties encountered by senior medical students to assist in the development of future curricula. Methodology This is an observational, cross-sectional approach to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of POCUS among senior medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted from January to September 2023. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through online platforms utilizing medical school databases across various regions. The survey encompassed sociodemographics, training methods, diagnostic indications, and participants' self-reported proficiency and attitudes toward POCUS. The data was chiefly collected using the Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative and categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlations. Results A total of 359 senior medical students completed the survey. Most responders were females (57.9%) with the predominating age group being ≤ 24 years (83.6%). The students predominantly were from the Central region of Saudi Arabia (75.5%). Ultrasound training varied among responders; 31.5% received formal courses (median duration: two hours) and 23.4% informal courses (median duration: four hours). Around 17.3% practiced POCUS self-teaching (median duration: four hours). A total of 3.6% had formal POCUS accreditation. A gargantuan 82.2% never used POCUS in their attached hospital for a variety of reasons. Multivariable logistic binary regression analysis showed a positive correlation between students' self-teaching of POCUS and their perceived difficulty performing an ultrasound examination for patients in daily practice. Discussion A comparable study was done at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in 2022 surveying 229 senior medical students by Rajendram et al. In their study, 21.4% completed formal courses and 12.7% took informal courses. While many students in our study were not exposed to POCUS (82.2%), KSAU-HS reported a higher percentage reaching 94.8%. A study by Russel et al. demonstrated more than half of 154 surveyed medical schools in the United States have implemented POCUS into their students' curriculum. Conclusion POCUS stands as a valuable skill that can enhance the educational journey of undergraduate medical students. Considering that a significant number of participants haven't yet taken formal medical school courses suggests a lack of awareness about its significance in the medical field. Offering additional courses with practical components could enhance the proficiency, confidence, and outlook of medical students toward POCUS.
Introduction Printed patient educational materials (PEM) are often written above the recommended sixth- to eighth-grade reading levels, resulting in decreased client understanding and subsequent poor health literacy. Researchers have demonstrated that it is possible to improve readability to enhance clients' understanding and health literacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability of physical therapy (PT) PEM with and without modifications for improvement. Methods A convenience sample of 38 PT PEM of at least 10 sentences was obtained from a large suburban hospital system in the Midwestern region of the United States. Original and three modified versions (exclusion, revision, and combined exclusion/revision of words with >3 syllables) of the documents were assessed with the Simple Measure of "Gobbledygook" (SMOG). All document means were compared to the recommended reading levels, and the original document means were compared with modified conditions. Results A majority of the documents were above an eighth-grade reading level. All modified conditions resulted in statistically significant reading level decreases, but only the combined modified condition decreased to the eighth-grade level. Conclusion Even with modifications, most PEM were above the recommended reading levels. Additional methods for improving readability and increased education about health literacy for healthcare professionals may be necessary to improve client comprehension.
Introduction Raising stroke awareness is important to shorten the interval from onset to consultation. We performed a school-based stroke education by on-demand e-learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods We performed on-demand e-learning and distributed the online- and paper-based manga about stroke for students and parental guardians in August 2021. We carried out this in a manner similar to the prior effective online stroke awareness initiatives in Japan. An online post-educational survey in October 2021 was conducted to evaluate the awareness effects by asking participants about their knowledge. We also investigated the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at the discharge of stroke patients who were treated in our hospital during the before- and after-campaign periods, respectively. Results We distributed the paper-based manga and asked to work on this campaign to all 2,429 students (1,545 elementary school and 884 junior high school students) who lived in Itoigawa. We acquired 261 (10.7%) online responses from the students and 211 (8.7%) responses from their parental guardians. The number of students who chose all correct answers in the survey significantly increased after the campaign (205/261, 78.5%) compared to that before the campaign (135/261, 51.7%) and those of parental guardians showed similar trends (before campaign 93/211, 44.1%; after campaign 198/211, 93.8%). We investigated 282 stroke patients (90 patients before and 192 patients after-campaign period), and their mRS at discharge after-campaign seemed to be improved. Conclusion Only 10.7% of students and 8.7% of the parental guardians worked on the online survey. However, the number of those who chose correct answers about stroke increased after the campaign. After this campaign, the mRS of stroke patients at discharge improved although it was unclear if this is a direct result of this activity.
Introduction Rural hospitals, particularly those in geographically isolated regions like Shimane Prefecture, Japan, face significant healthcare delivery challenges. These include limited resources, an aging population, and a scarcity of healthcare professionals. Advanced practice nurses (APNs) have emerged as pivotal in addressing these gaps, offering specialized patient assessment, diagnosis, and management skills. This study aimed to evaluate the demand for APNs in rural community hospitals, focusing on the specific educational needs and clinical competencies required to improve healthcare outcomes in these settings. Method Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research combined qualitative insights from stakeholder interviews with quantitative data analysis of electronic health records (EHRs) at Unnan City Hospital. This sequential exploratory design aimed to capture comprehensive educational needs and outcomes, integrating the depth of qualitative data with the breadth of quantitative evidence to tailor a curriculum for APNs in rural healthcare contexts. Results The study revealed a critical demand for APNs skilled in managing common medical issues in rural settings, such as infections, circulatory failures, and respiratory problems. Stakeholder interviews highlighted the necessity for a curriculum that enhances clinical competencies and emphasizes soft skills like communication and leadership. An analysis of EHRs identified 21 specific diseases across six categories, underlining the importance of targeted education on these prevalent conditions. Conclusion The findings underscore the urgent need for specialized education programs for APNs in rural hospitals to address these communities' unique healthcare challenges. Developing a curriculum that focuses on clinical and soft skills essential for rural healthcare delivery can significantly enhance the quality of care. This study advocates for implementing such tailored educational programs to empower APNs, thereby contributing to healthcare equity and improving patient outcomes in rural settings.
Introduction Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in multiple organ systems. The presentation can vary widely; although some patients with sarcoidosis can be asymptomatic, sarcoidosis can also present in others with symptomatic multiorgan system involvement. Considering the potential severity of the disease, patients need to be well-informed about sarcoidosis to better manage their health. This study aims to assess the readability levels of online resources about sarcoidosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. The term "sarcoidosis" was searched online using both Google and Bing to find websites written in English. Each website was categorized by type: academic, commercial, government, nonprofit, and physician. The readability scores for each website were calculated using six different readability tests: the Flesch-Kincaid reading ease (FKRE), Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), Gunning fog score (GFS), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), automated readability index (ARI), and Coleman-Liau index (CLI). FKRE gives a score that corresponds to the difficulty of the text, while the remaining tests give a score that corresponds to a grade level in terms of reading ability. A one-sample t-test was used to compare all test scores with the national recommended standard of a sixth-grade reading level. Our null hypothesis was that the readability scores of the websites searched would not differ statistically significantly from the sixth-grade reading level and that there would be no significant differences across website categories. To evaluate the difference between the categories of websites, ANOVA testing was used. Results Thirty-four websites were analyzed. Each of the six readability tests for the websites had an average score, which corresponded to being significantly harder to read than the nationally recommended sixth-grade reading level (p<0.001). None of the mean readability scores showed a statistically significant difference across the five different website categories. Conclusions This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine the readability of online English resources on sarcoidosis and calculate standardized readability scores for them. It implies that the online English material for sarcoidosis is above the health literacy recommended reading levels for patients. There is a need to simplify the material to be easier to read for patients.
Introduction Surgical procedures present substantial healthcare costs, patient discomfort, and potential adverse outcomes. In response, enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have emerged as comprehensive, evidence-based preoperative care pathways designed to optimize preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative management. These protocols incorporate various interventions, such as preoperative education, nutritional optimization, minimally invasive techniques, multimodal pain management, early mobilization, and patient engagement. Despite their global success and growing popularity, the adoption and influence of ERAS protocols in Saudi Arabia have not been extensively explored. This study aims to assess the ERAS effects on surgical outcomes and evaluate its relationship with patient satisfaction, considering factors such as cost-effectiveness and compliance in the Saudi context. Methods This cross-sectional study encompassed data collection from 1,452 patients who underwent surgical procedures such as bariatric surgery and cholecystectomy, employing systematic random sampling across multiple healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires, medical records, and cost-effectiveness analysis within the period spanning from January to August 2023. The relationship between ERAS protocol implementation, surgical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness was analyzed using statistical tests, including correlation, regression analysis, and chi-square tests. A statistical significance threshold was set at p < 0.05, and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 28.0) (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) was used for data analysis. Results Among the 1,452 respondents, 1,152 (79.3%) reported the implementation of ERAS protocols during their surgical procedures. Those receiving ERAS protocols exhibited significantly lower rates of surgical complications, readmissions, and reduced dependency on pain medication (p < 0.001). Additionally, participants subjected to ERAS protocols reported significantly higher satisfaction levels based on the mean satisfaction scale score, with a p-value of less than 0.001. Conclusion The results highlight substantial improvements associated with the implementation of ERAS protocols, particularly in terms of reduced surgical site infections, shortened hospitalization periods, and decreased pain management-related complications. Moreover, ERAS protocol implementation demonstrated enhanced surgical outcomes, increased postoperative satisfaction, and overall improved recovery experiences. These findings underscore the potential benefits of integrating ERAS protocols into the surgical practices of Saudi Arabia. This research contributes to a better understanding of the advantages offered by ERAS protocols and their potential for enhancing healthcare delivery in the region.
Introduction Teledentistry has emerged as a promising solution to enhance dental healthcare accessibility and quality. Understanding public awareness and attitudes toward teledentistry is crucial for its successful implementation, especially in regions like Saudi Arabia where digital health initiatives are rapidly expanding. This study aims to assess the level of awareness, attitudes, and perceptions toward teledentistry among the Saudi Arabian population, as well as examine the demographic factors influencing its acceptance. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 474 participants, employing a structured questionnaire to collect data on demographics, awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward teledentistry. Statistical analyses, including correlation and chi-square tests, were performed to analyze the data. Results The majority of respondents (64%) reported awareness of teledentistry, primarily through the Internet (44.5%) and healthcare providers (36.3%). The average self-assessed knowledge score was 3.04 out of 5, indicating moderate familiarity with teledentistry concepts. Attitudes toward teledentistry were generally positive, with 54% expressing belief in its effectiveness. However, a significant portion of the sample showed reluctance toward using teledentistry for routine dental check-ups, with only 45.1% showing willingness. High technological accessibility was reported, yet 55.9% of participants preferred traditional in-person consultations. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship between knowledge and belief in effectiveness (r = 0.21), but a negligible correlation with willingness to use teledentistry (r = 0.016). A strong positive correlation was found between belief in effectiveness and willingness for routine check-ups (r = 0.673). Educational level significantly influenced teledentistry acceptance, with higher education correlating with greater receptiveness. Conclusion While there is a moderate level of awareness and a generally positive attitude toward teledentistry among the Saudi population, hesitance remains regarding its use for routine care. The findings highlight the need for educational initiatives to improve knowledge and perceptions of teledentistry, potentially enhancing its acceptance and integration into the healthcare system.