Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
To assess the excess mortality burden of Covid-19 in the United States, we estimated sex, age and race stratified all-cause excess deaths in each county of the US during 2020 and 2021. Using spatial Bayesian models trained on all recorded deaths between 2003-2019, we estimated 463,187 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 426,139 - 497,526) excess deaths during 2020, and 544,105 (95% UI: 492,202 - 592,959) excess deaths during 2021 nationally, with considerable geographical heterogeneity. Excess mortality rate (EMR) nearly doubled for each 10-year increase in age and was consistently higher among men than women. EMR in the Black population was 1.5 times that of the White population nationally and as high as 3.8 times in some states. Among the 25-54 year population excess mortality was highest in the American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) population among the four racial groups studied, and in a few states was as high as 6 times that of the White population. Strong association of EMR with county-level social vulnerability was estimated, including positive associations with prevalence of disability (standardized effect: 40.6 excess deaths per 100,000), older population (37.6), poverty (23.6), and unemployment (18.5), whereas population density (-50), higher education (-38.6), and income (-35.4) were protective. Together, these estimates provide a more reliable and comprehensive understanding of the mortality burden of the pandemic in the US thus far. They suggest that Covid-19 amplified social and racial disparities. Short-term measures to protect more vulnerable groups in future Covid-19 waves and systemic corrective steps to address long-term societal inequities are necessary.
To assess the extent of the readiness for hospital discharge and the correlation with discharge teaching quality among parents of premature infants' in the NICU. Low readiness for discharge from the hospital can lead to negative outcomes in healthcare for infants born prematurely and their parents. Discharge guidelines are a basic approach to ensure the readiness of the parents for discharge from the hospital. No investigation has ever been conducted into the sufficiency of hospital discharge guidelines for premature infants and their impact on parental readiness for hospital discharge. Data was collected from four hospitals in China using a correlational descriptive study. Two hundred and eight parents of premature NICU-hospitalized infants of four tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from May to October 2020 were enrolled. The general information questionnaire, the readiness for hospital discharge scale- (RHDS-) parent form, and the quality of discharge teaching scale- (QDTS-) parent form were used for data collection. Spearman correlation analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The total score for hospital discharge readiness was high (8.05 ± 1.11). The total score of the quality of discharge guidelines was moderate (7.44 ± 1.44). Moreover, the discharge teaching quality was positively correlated with the parents' readiness. Positive correlations were found between PRHDS and QDTS subscales, including content received and delivery, physical-emotional status, knowledge, and expected support. The quality of the discharge guidelines perceived by parents of premature infants was moderate, which may have reduced their readiness for hospital discharge. Relevance to Clinical Practice. This study furnishes basic information on the importance of readiness of discharge for the parents of premature infants. The teaching guides nurses to enhance the quality of discharge teaching and the readiness of parents for discharge from the hospital.
To assess the extent to which health disparities content is integrated in multidisciplinary health informatics training programs and examine instructor perspectives surrounding teaching strategies and challenges, including student engagement with course material. Data for this cross-sectional, descriptive study were collected between April and October 2019. Instructors of informatics courses taught in the United States were recruited via listservs and email. Eligibility was contingent on course inclusion of disparities content. Participants completed an online survey with open- and closed-ended questions to capture administrative- and teaching-related aspects of disparities education within informatics. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analyzed using inductive coding. Invitations were sent to 141 individuals and 11 listservs. We obtained data from 23 instructors about 24 informatics courses containing health disparities content. Courses were taught primarily in graduate-level programs (n = 21, 87.5%) in informatics (n = 9, 33.3%), nursing (n = 7, 25.9%), and information science (n = 6, 22.2%). The average course covered 6.5 (range 2-13) social determinants of health; socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity (both n = 21, 87.5%) were most frequently addressed. Instructors described multiple obstacles, including lack of resources and time to cover disparities topics adequately, topic sensitivity, and student-related challenges (eg, lack of prior understanding about disparities). A foundational and translational knowledge in health disparities is critical to a student's ability to develop future equitable informatics solutions. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for the intentional and required integration of health disparities-specific content in informatics curricula and competencies.
To assess the knowledge of undergraduate medical students about curriculum development and implementation. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted at a public sector institute and a private sector institute from September, 2022 to December, 2022. Simple random sampling was used and all the undergraduate MBBS students were included in study. Sample size was calculated using open epi and keeping confidence interval at 95% as 316 for FMU students and 218 for AFMDC students. Ethical approval was taken from FMU and permission to collect data was obtained from AFMDC. A Questionnaire was made and distributed among the students and data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Two hundred and forty-seven (49.4%) participants responded that the students don't have any say in their curriculum, 400 (80%) were of the view that the students must have their opinion in the curriculum and 397 (79.4%) said that students must be involved in the process of planning and implementation of curriculum. When asked about the areas of deficiencies in the current curriculum, 101 (20.2%) pointed new skill, 84 (16.8%) indicated New information, new skills, teaching Methodology and effective teachers, 68 (13.6%) said teaching methodology while 51 (10.2%) indicated new skills and teaching methodology both. Five main themes were identified from the comments of students regarding curriculum, its development and implementation including; 1. Content revision, 2. Teaching methodologies, 3. Assessment, 4. Guidance and orientation and 5. Teacher student relationship. The undergraduate medical students are aware of the terms related to curriculum, its development and implementation but they are not being involved in any of this process. Content revision, clinical integration from initial years, quality assessment and faculty development are few areas that need improvement from students' perspectives.
To assess the knowledge, confidence and awareness of the importance of assessing oral cancer risk among dental hygienists working in Korea and to provide data for the development of theoretical and technical curricula related to oral cancer prevention tasks. Questionnaires were distributed to 195 dental hygienists, recruited from an online posting. Survey questions were related to the study objectives and demographic characteristics of the participants. An independent t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance were performed to determine the relationships between study variables and participant demographic characteristics. Seventy-five percent of the participants agreed that it is necessary to conduct oral cancer risk factor assessment for patients, while 46% agreed it was the duty of dental hygienists. The percentage of participants responding correctly to oral cancer risk factors and to oral cancer characteristics ranged from 98% to 31%. Participants with a master's degree or higher and those with oral cancer education experience were significantly (p < 0.003, p < 0.007, respectively) more aware of the importance of assessing oral cancer risk factors. Participants, who performed non-treatment-related work, had significantly (p < 0.046) greater performance confidence than that of clinicians. In addition, 52.5% of the participants had no prior education in oral cancer and 80.8% agreed that additional education and training were required. To improve dental hygienists' knowledge of oral cancer risk factors, it is important to provide specific knowledge, and an educational curriculum is necessary that allows incorporating medical interviews, visual inspections and palpation for comprehensive assessments.
To assess the level of awareness among orthodontic practitioners about the diagnosis and management of orthodontically induced white spot lesions. The cross-sectional study was conducted from August 28, 2022, to March 3, 2023, at Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, and comprised orthodontic specialists and postgraduate residents. Data was collected using a 14-item questionnaire regarding diagnosis and management of orthodontically induced white spot lesions. The questionnaire was disseminated online, and the responses were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. Of the 278 subjects, 205(73.7%) were residents; 156(75%) females and 49(24%) males with mean professional experience of 4.24±4.08 years. There were 73(26.3%) specialists; 44(60.3%) females and 29(39.7%) males with mean professional experience 9.07±4.85 years. There were 48(66%) specialists and 131(64%) residents who thought the most commonly affected teeth with WSL were maxillary central incisors, while 30(41%) specialists and 38(33%) residents said the least commonly affected tooth was maxillary canine. Among the specialists, 29(38%) considered halting treatment and regular follow-up as the best approach for managing white spot lesions detected during orthodontic treatment, while 76(37%) residents preferred to use fluorides and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. There were significant differences between the specialists and residents for the items related to the incidence of white spot lesions, timing for additional precautions and measures for detection, management during active treatment and modalities of prevention (p<0.05). Despite being fairly common in orthodontic patients, the awareness regarding white spot lesions and related management protocols was found to be dubious in orthodontic practitioners, depicting lack of a standardised protocol.
To assess the mediating role of emotion regulation and emotional intelligence in the relationship between stress and academic engagement among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design. The study recruited 367 Saudi undergraduate nursing students at a major Saudi university. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the mediational model. The results of the ANOVA and Welch F-test demonstrated that the emotional intelligence, emotional regulation and academic engagement scores were statistically significantly different according to stress levels (p-values <0.01). Perceived stress has a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with academic engagement and emotional intelligence and a strong negative correlation with emotional regulation. The results also showed that academic engagement had a statistically significant moderate positive association with emotional intelligence and emotional regulation. Results indicate that stress and academic engagement are negatively correlated among Saudi undergraduate nursing students. It focuses on the balancing functions of emotional regulation and emotional intelligence, highlighting their ability to lower stress levels and improve academic engagement. No Patient or Public Contribution.
To assess the perception of students, faculty, and previous lab coaches on a near-peer teaching model integrated into a skills-based laboratory. As part of a longitudinal near-peer teaching experience, third professional year students are utilized as lab coaches in a skills-based laboratory course. Lab coaches deliver lectures, provide feedback, facilitate activities, and assist with class preparation spanning 2 semesters for first and second professional year students. Students enrolled in the courses received an anonymous 12-question survey to assess the comfort and helpfulness of feedback when working with a lab coach and faculty during the 2021-2022 academic year. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics for survey questions, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses. Semi-structured interviews with previous lab coaches and faculty were conducted, and thematic analysis was utilized for the responses. The student survey had an 81.4% response rate (n = 114). Students were significantly more comfortable working with and asking questions to a lab coach than a faculty instructor (mean [SD] of 4.78 [0.66] vs 4.44 [0.75]). Nine (75%) previous lab coaches and 6 (43%) faculty members were also interviewed. A total of 6 themes regarding perceptions of the lab coach position emerged: positive impact on personal and professional development; relationship building; rewarding experience recommended to others; robust teaching experience; struggles and challenges faced by both faculty and lab coaches; appreciation of the position by faculty. Implementing near-peer teachers into a pharmacy skills-based laboratory was very well received by students, previous lab coaches, and faculty.
To assess the potential associations between social determinants of health (SDH) and severe maternal outcomes (SMO), to better understand the social structural framework and the contributory, non-clinical mechanisms associated with SMO. Prospective observational study. Tertiary referral centre in south-eastern region of India. One thousand and thirty-three women with potentially life-threatening complications (PLTC) were identified using WHO criteria. Social Determinants of Health (SDH). Severe maternal outcomes, which include maternal near-miss and maternal death. Logistic regression to assess the association between SDH and clinical factors on SMO, expressed as adjusted ORs (aOR) with a 95% CI. Of the 37 590 live births, 1833 (4.9%) sustained PLTC, and 380 (20.7%) developed SMO. Risk of SMO was higher with increasing maternal age (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.04 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.07)), multiparity (aOR 1.44 (1.10 to 1.90)), medical comorbidities (aOR 1.50 (1.11 to 2.02)), obstetric haemorrhage (aOR 4.63 (3.10 to 6.91)), infection (aOR 2.93 (1.83 to 4.70)), delays in seeking care (aOR 3.30 (2.08 to 5.23)), and admissions following a referral (aOR 2.95 (2.21 to 3.93)). SMO was lower in patients from socially backward community (aOR 0.45 (0.33 to 0.61)), those staying more than 10 km from hospital (aOR 0.56 (0.36 to 0.78)), those attending at least four antenatal visits (aOR=0.53 (0.36 to 0.78)) and those referred from resource-limited facilities (aOR=0.62 (0.46 to 0.84)). This study demonstrates the independent contribution of SDH to SMO among those sustaining PLTC in a middle-income setting, highlighting the need to formulate preventive strategies beyond clinical considerations.
to assess the preliminary effect of Problem-Based Learning on Care Management skills. a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test conducted with students attending the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing offered by an educational institution. The sample was comprised by 29 (Experimental Group) and 74 (Control Group) students. The Experimental Group solved four scenarios under the Problem-Based Learning method with the 7 steps proposed by McMaster University, in a Care Management program in distance mode. The self-reporting instrument assessed the pre- and post-test Care Management skills in both groups. Mean values were obtained and descriptive and inferential statistics were performed (Student's t, paired t, linear regression). the Experimental Group obtained higher scores in analytical, action-related and global skills than the Control Group (p<0.05). No differences were recorded in interpersonal skills or in use of the information. The Control presented no significant differences before and after usual teaching, whereas differences were in fact reported in the Experimental Group (p<0.05). despite the fact that there is little evidence on the development of Nursing Care Management skills, the current study shows that Problem-Based Learning is an effective and significant method in remote education.
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2023. Institution-based cross-sectional study design. South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia. 608 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews. The International HIV Dementia Scale was used to screen for neurocognitive disorder. The data were entered through EPI-DATA V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.21 statistical software for analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with a value of p<0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors independently associated with neurocognitive disorder. Statistical significance was declared at a value of p<0.05. The prevalence of neurocognitive disorder among HIV-positive participants was 39.1%. In multivariable logistic regression, lower level of education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.94; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.82), unemployment (AOR=2.74; 95% CI 1.29 to 6.84) and comorbid medical illness (AOR=1.80; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.14) were significantly associated with neurocognitive disorder. HIV-associated neurocognitive problems affected over a third of the participants. According to the current study, comorbid medical conditions, unemployment and low educational attainment are associated with an increased risk of neurocognitive disorder. Therefore, early detection and treatment are essential.
To assess the prevalence and factors associated with poor self-rated health according to respondents' sex in Manaus, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional population-based study with adults in Manaus in 2019. Adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated using Poisson regression following a hierarchical model. Poor self-rated health occurred in 35.2% (95%CI 33.3;37.2) of the 2,321 participants and was higher in females (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.13;1.43). In the general population, among both sexes, poor self-rated health was higher among the oldest, those with moderate and severe food insecurity and with chronic diseases (p-value < 0.05). Among females, poor health was also higher among the evangelical and those with mild food insecurity. Among males, self-rated health was also poorer among the retired and those with education below elementary level (p-value < 0.001). The female sex had the poorest health rating, influenced by morbidity and access to food.
To assess the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women across their entire pregnancy and the factors affecting it in the monitoring areas. A total of 108,351 pregnant women who received antenatal health care and delivered from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 in 15 monitoring counties of 8 provinces in the Maternal and Newborn Health Monitoring Program (MNHMP) of National Center for Women and Children's Health (NCWCH) were selected as the study subjects. The anemia status among the subjects across their first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and the influencing factors were analyzed. From 2016 to 2020, the prevalence of anemia at any stage during pregnancy in the monitoring areas was 43.59%. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women across all three trimesters was 3.95%, and the prevalence of mild and moderate-to-severe anemia was 1.04% and 2.90%, respectively. Protective factors were living in the northern area (OR = 0.395) and being a member of an ethnic minority (OR = 0.632). The risk factors were residing in rural areas (OR = 1.207), with no more than junior high school education (OR = 1.203), having ≥ 3 gravidities (OR = 1.195) and multiple fetuses (OR = 1.478). Although the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women across all trimesters in the monitoring area was low, the severity of anemia was high. Since the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women across their entire pregnancy in the monitoring area is affected by many different factors, more attention should be paid to pregnant women living in rural areas, with low literacy, ≥ 3 gravidities and multiple fetuses for early intervention.
To assess the prevalence of lizards presenting to a university teaching hospital that had an IV catheter placed, the catheterization sites used, and complications arising with the placement of the catheter both in the short and long term. Retrospective study. University teaching hospital. Twenty-one lizards, including inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps; 15/21), green iguanas (Iguana iguana; 4/21), and veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus; 2/21). None. Of 129 lizard consultations performed between September 27, 2018 and September 27, 2021, 21 catheters were placed, resulting in an overall prevalence of 16.3%. Reasons for catheter placement included hospitalization for fluid therapy (10/21 [47.6%]), anesthesia or surgery ± hospitalization (7/21 [33.3%]), computed tomography scan with contrast (2/21 [9.5%]), euthanasia only (1/21 [4.8%]), and CPR only (1/21 [4.8%]). All catheters were placed in the ventral coccygeal vein via a ventral approach. Sedation was used in 6 of 21 (28.6%) of the catheters placed. Seven of the catheters (35%) were used for administration of fluids only, 4 (20%) were used for administering drugs/medications only, and 9 (45%) catheters administered both fluids and drugs/medications. No complications were noticed in any of the lizards that had catheters placed, both in the short and long term. Based on the retrospective evaluation of medical records at a veterinary teaching hospital, IV catheter placement in lizards is feasible, including in conscious animals, with roughly 1 consultation out of 6 resulting in a catheter placed. The most frequent reason for catheter placement was for administration of fluids.
To assess the prevalence of ocular morbidities and associated factors among hearing-impaired (HI) students at the Embangweni School for the Deaf in Mzimba, Malawi. This was an institutional cross-sectional study of HI students at Embangweni School for the Deaf. A series of optometric and audiometric tests was performed, and the results were exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science for statistical analysis (SPSS) version 25. Pearson's chi-square test was used to assess correlations and associations between variables. A P-value less significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 147 children comprising of 76 (51.7%) males and 71 (48.3%) females participated in this study. The prevalence of ocular conditions and visual impairment was 39 (26.5%) and 2 (1.4%), respectively. The Prevalence of eye disease was significantly associated with male sex (p=0.02) and type of HI (p=0.031). Allergic conjunctivitis 36 (24.5%) was the most common ocular condition, followed by refractive error 28 (19%). The prevalence of ocular conditions among HI students was significant and associated with sex. Regular school vision screening of students with HI is highly advised to reduce the burden of visual impairment.