Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Introduction Traditional medical education has leaned heavily on memorization, pattern recognition, and learned algorithmic thinking. Increasingly, however, creativity and innovation are becoming recognized as a valuable component of medical education. In this national survey of Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) member institutions, we seek to examine the current landscape of exposure to innovation-related training within the formal academic setting. Methods Surveys were distributed to 168 of 171 AAMC-member institutions (the remaining three were excluded from the study for lack of publicly available contact information). Questions assessed exposure for medical students among four defined innovation pillars as follows: (1) medical humanities, (2) design thinking, (3) entrepreneurship, or (4) technology transfer. Chi-squared analysis was used to assess statistical significance between schools, comparing schools ranked in the top 20 by the US News and World Report against non-top 20 respondents, and comparing schools that serve as National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program hubs against non-CTSA schools. Heat maps for geospatial visualization of data were created using ArcGIS (ArcMAP 10.6) software (Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute). Results The overall response rate was 94.2% with 161 schools responding. Among respondents, 101 (63%) reported having medical humanities curricula at their institution. Design thinking offerings were noted at 51/161 (32%) institutions. Support for entrepreneurship was observed at 51/161 institutions (32%), and technology transfer infrastructure was confirmed at 42/161 (26%) of institutions. No statistically significant difference was found between top 20 schools and lower 141 schools when comparing schools with no innovation programs or one or more innovation programs (p=0.592), or all four innovation programs (p=0.108). CTSA programs, however, did show a statistically significant difference (p<0.00001) when comparing schools with no innovation programs vs. one or more programs, but not when comparing to schools with all four innovation programs (p=0.639). Conclusion This study demonstrated an overwhelming prevalence of innovation programs in today's AAMC medical schools, with over 75% of surveyed institutions offering at least one innovation program. No statistically significant trend was seen in the presence of zero programs, one or more, or all four programs between top 20 programs and the remaining 141. CTSA hub schools, however, were significantly more likely to have at least one program vs. none compared to non-CTSA hub schools. Future studies would be valuable to assess the long-term impact of this trend on medical student education.
Introduction Ultrasound-guided peripheral venous catheter placement (UG-PVCP) is a key skill for establishing intravenous access, especially in patients with anatomical challenges. Ultrasound is highly operator-dependent, and it is essential to ensure a sufficient level of competence when educating healthcare professionals. Competence can be acquired through simulation-based training (SBT) using phantoms or simulators. We developed a phantom for SBT, and in this study, we explore the phantom's usability and technical fidelity. Methods Novices with no experience in UG-PVCP and experts who routinely performed the procedure were asked to perform three ultrasound-guided catheter placement attempts on the phantom. Afterward, they were asked to complete a usability questionnaire consisting of 14 questions exploring the usability and fidelity of the phantom. Results Fifty-seven participants were included in the study: 29 novices and 28 experts. When assessing positive questions about the frequency of use, ease of use, integration of functionality, quickness to learn, and confidence level, the study showed a median score of 4 to 5 out of 5 in the two groups. The median was 1 to 2 out of 5 for negative questions assessing cumbersomeness, unnecessary complexity, and model inconsistency. In an additional comment textbox, one participant mentioned that the cannulation did not feel realistic but that it was good for cannulation practice. Conclusions We believe the phantom is suitable for an educational curriculum since it shows a high level of usability, scoring high on positive questions while scoring low on negative questions, and having high functional fidelity.
Introduction Uncontrolled hypertension significantly contributes to the development and deterioration of various medical conditions, such as myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, and cerebrovascular events. Despite being the most common preventable risk factor for all-cause mortality, only a fraction of affected individuals maintain their blood pressure in the desired range. In recent times, there has been a growing reliance on online platforms for medical information. While providing a convenient source of information, differentiating reliable from unreliable information can be daunting for the layperson, and false information can potentially hinder timely diagnosis and management of medical conditions. The surge in accessibility of generative artificial intelligence (GeAI) technology has led to increased use in obtaining health-related information. This has sparked debates among healthcare providers about the potential for misuse and misinformation while recognizing the role of GeAI in improving health literacy. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of AI-generated information specifically related to hypertension. Additionally, it seeks to explore the reproducibility of information provided by GeAI. Method A nonhuman-subject qualitative study was devised to evaluate the accuracy of information provided by ChatGPT regarding hypertension and its secondary complications. Frequently asked questions on hypertension were compiled by three study staff, internal medicine residents at an ACGME-accredited program, and then reviewed by a physician experienced in treating hypertension, resulting in a final set of 100 questions. Each question was posed to ChatGPT three times, once by each study staff, and the majority response was then assessed against the recommended guidelines. A board-certified internal medicine physician with over eight years of experience further reviewed the responses and categorized them into two classes based on their clinical appropriateness: appropriate (in line with clinical recommendations) and inappropriate (containing errors). Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to assess ChatGPT responses for accuracy and reproducibility. Result Initially, a pool of 130 questions was gathered, of which a final set of 100 questions was selected for the purpose of this study. When assessed against acceptable standard responses, ChatGPT responses were found to be appropriate in 92.5% of cases and inappropriate in 7.5%. Furthermore, ChatGPT had a reproducibility score of 93%, meaning that it could consistently reproduce answers that conveyed similar meanings across multiple runs. Conclusion ChatGPT showcased commendable accuracy in addressing commonly asked questions about hypertension. These results underscore the potential of GeAI in providing valuable information to patients. However, continued research and refinement are essential to evaluate further the reliability and broader applicability of ChatGPT within the medical field.
Introduction Vaginal discharge (VD) is a common condition that affects women during their childbearing years and often requires medical attention. It results from the physiological secretion of cervical and Bartholin's glands, as well as the shedding of vaginal epithelial cells caused by bacterial action in the vagina, which alters the acidic environment of the vagina. Experiencing vaginal symptoms is a common reason for seeking medical attention, especially among women during their reproductive years. This often leads to a visit to an obstetrician or a gynecologist. Accordingly, addressing such issues becomes even more crucial. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice regarding abnormal VD (AVD) among adolescent females in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Methods The present study utilized a correlational cross-sectional survey methodology conducted in Riyadh City. The questionnaire was employed as the data collection instrument from November 2022 to November 2023. Eligibility for inclusion was limited to adolescent females and students living in Riyadh City, aged from 14 to 20 years. Electronic consent was obtained from participants aged 18 years and above, while consent from guardians was sought for those below 18 years. This sample size was determined with a minimum requirement of 500 participants, and 824 were involved. The questionnaire encompassed several sections, including demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, and menstruation history), history of AVD, knowledge regarding VD, and students' practices and behaviors related to VD. Cronbach's alpha values for all the sections were more than 0.7. Data analysis was performed using statistical software, employing descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and t-tests. Results A total of 824 girls were included, and their ages ranged from 14 to 20 years, with a mean age of (16 years ± 5) years old. Exactly 697 (84.6%) were high school students. Most of the study students (85.1%; 701) complained of an AVD at any point in their lives. Only 97 (11.8%) of the study students had a good knowledge level of VD. Higher age, marriage, late menarche, and seeking medical care for complaints of VD were the factors associated with a high knowledge level about VD (P<0.05). Additionally, 44.2% of school-age females sought medical care when experiencing AVD, with reasons including worsening symptoms over time and fear of serious diseases. However, a significant portion of participants opted for self-treatment using herbal remedies, medication from pharmacies, or leaving VD untreated, citing reasons such as perceiving it as a simple condition or fearing examination and disclosure. Conclusion In summary, the current study revealed that adolescent females demonstrate a sub-optimal level of knowledge regarding AVD. These findings are primarily observed among adolescent girls and individuals who exhibit a reluctance to seek appropriate medical intervention when having AVD.
Introduction Variability regarding which blocks are performed most often can be quite high among anesthesiology residency training programs. Which techniques are viewed by residency programs as "critical" for their graduates to know can also be inconsistent. We administered a national survey to investigate correlations between the cited importance of techniques and the relative frequency with which they are being taught. Materials and methods A three-round modified Delphi method was used to develop the survey. The final survey was sent to 143 training programs across the United States. The surveys collected information on the frequency with which thoracic epidural blocks, truncal blocks, and peripheral blocks were taught. The respondents were also asked to rate how critical each technique is to learn during residency. A correlation between the relative frequency of block teaching and cited importance to education was calculated using Kendall's Tau statistic. Results Among truncal procedures, transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and thoracic epidural blocks were frequently viewed as "indispensable for daily practice." Among peripheral nerve blocks, interscalene, supraclavicular, adductor, and popliteal blocks were frequently viewed as indispensable. All truncal blocks showed a strong correlation between the relative frequency of block teaching and cited importance to education. However, the frequency of teaching interscalene, supraclavicular, femoral, and popliteal blocks failed to correlate with their reported importance ranking. Conclusions Perceived importance was significantly associated with the reported frequency of block teaching for all truncal and peripheral blocks except for interscalene, supraclavicular, femoral, and popliteal. The lack of correlation between the frequency of teaching and perceived importance is reflective of a changing educational landscape.
Introduction Women with endometrial diseases often present in outpatient departments, and outpatient procedures easily enable diagnosis. Histopathological patterns vary with age, menstrual cycle, drug use, and pathological state. Teaching hospitals are often located away from rural areas. Materials and methods An ambispective study was performed over 33 months in a rural medical college hospital by perusing the histopathological registers of the department. Details of history and endometrial samples (biopsy and hysterectomy) were obtained using biopsy numbers and requisition forms. Functional and organic histopathology findings were manually entered into a spreadsheet, and statistics were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA). Results There were 226 women, with total abdominal hysterectomies (TAH) performed in a significantly higher proportion of middle-aged women (range: 41-59 years). Of the middle-aged women, 70% presented with excessive menstrual bleeding, and a similar percentage of older women presented with uterovaginal (UV) prolapse. Hysterectomy specimens constituted most samples in this study. Proliferative endometrium was observed in 40% of patients and metaplasia (papillary syncytial, tubal, and squamous) in only 1.7%. Normal proliferative and secretory endometrium were observed in 91 (40.3%) and 41 (18.1%) patients, respectively. The presence of hyperplasia, decidualization, stromal breakdown, adenocarcinoma, adenomyosis, and endometrial polyps did not vary significantly among the three age groups (elderly, middle-aged, and young). Conclusion Most women in rural areas presented to the gynecologist with uterine bleeding; middle-aged women constituted most of those with gynecological complaints. Normal endometrium was observed in nearly half of the patients. Adenomyosis was the most common cause of uterine bleeding. Uterine endometrial malignancies were rare.
Introduction Women's health is significantly impacted by undesirable pregnancies and unsafe abortions, leading to the deaths of thousands of women and causing many others to suffer from infertility and long-term reproductive health issues. To address this problem, the use of modern contraception methods is increasing, regardless of economic status and dwelling, allowing women to exercise their rights and access reproductive health services. Objective The objective of this study is to examine the knowledge and practice of family planning and the factors associated with it. Setting and design A cross-sectional study was conducted among Muslim women (n=461) using a two-stage stratified random sampling method with a semi-structured questionnaire in the five taluks of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka. Methods and materials The required study sample was drawn by adopting the two-stage stratified random sampling technique. The study population was divided into different strata consisting of panchayats and wards. The number of households was selected from these panchayats/wards. Statistical analysis The association between faith in family planning and the knowledge and practice of family planning is studied using a chi-squared test. The factors associated with the practice of family planning are identified using a univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Results There is a significant association between faith in family planning and its practice, with a p-value of less than 0.0001. Age was also found to be a significant factor associated with the practice of family planning. Specifically, women aged 31-40 were less likely to practice family planning compared to women aged 21-30, with a p-value of 0.012. The majority of individuals indicated the preferred child (23.9%) and going against the custom (16.5%) as their reasons for not using family planning. Conclusions Muslim women are reasonably well-informed about modern methods of contraception, but their usage remains relatively low. Outreach initiatives, health worker mobilization from within the community, and health education and information sharing are examples of program interventions that could help address this issue.
Introduction: Academic research centers often struggle to recruit and retain a well-trained and diverse clinical and translational science (CTS) workforce. In particular, the clinical research professional (CRP) career pathway is not well known to undergraduate students and other individuals outside of academic medicine despite being a potential career route. To address these workforce challenges, the CRP Task Force at the University of Cincinnati (UC) aims to train a competent and diverse CRP workforce through targeted educational programming in the UC undergraduate population. Methods: Using a six-step curriculum development process that included: 1) performing a needs assessment, 2) determining content, 3) writing goals and objectives, 4) selecting the educational strategies, 5) implementing the curriculum, and 6) evaluating the curriculum, we designed an undergraduate certificate program in CTS. Results: The needs assessment included both internal and external data gathering to inform curriculum development and program decisions. Content was determined using the Core Competency Framework for the Clinical Research Professional Version 3.1., and program learning outcomes were written with both the competency framework and local workforce needs in mind. Educational strategies were selected based on optimization of available resources and local expertise with an emphasis on interactive didactics complemented by experiential learning. Implementation is underway and evaluation will follow once students begin enrolling. Discussion: By educating an undergraduate student population about CTS methods and career opportunities, we anticipate increased numbers of well-qualified, diverse applicants who pursue CRP careers locally and regionally.
Introduction: Bearded capuchins display a wide variety of manipulatory skills and make routine use of tools in both captivity and the wild. The efficient handling of objects in this genus has led several investigators to assume near-human thumb movements, despite a lack of anatomical studies. Methods: Here, we performed an anatomical analysis of muscles and bones in the capuchin hand. Sapajus morphological traits were quantitatively compared with those of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and baboons. Results: The comparative analysis indicated that the Sapajus hand is more similar to that of baboons and least similar to that of humans according to the muscles, bones, and three-dimensional data. Furthermore, these findings suggest that bearded capuchins lack true thumb opponency. Regarding manipulatory skills, they display rather primitive hand traits, with limited resources for precision grasping using the opponens pollicis. Discussion: These findings suggest that bearded capuchins' complex use of tools depends more heavily on their high cognitive abilities than on a versatile hand apparatus. These findings offer crucial insights into the evolution of primate cognition.
Introduction: Children with single suture craniosynostosis (SSC) are at risk for neurocognitive problems. The reported magnitude of differences between children with SSC and their normative peers on standardized tests of academic and intellectual ability are small. Evaluation of real-world academic outcomes of these children and its impact on educational resources have not been conducted. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of academic outcomes of children with SSC was conducted using the data from Ontario's Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) standardized provincial reading, writing and mathematics tests. The need for special education was identified by documentation of the child's need for an Identification, Placement, and Review Committee (IPRC). Results: Of 296 eligible children, 42 participated in the study. Half of the children had sagittal synostosis, while the remaining were 10 (24%) unicoronal, 9 (21%) metopic, and 2 (5%) lambdoid synostosis. Thirty-six (86%) underwent operative management. The EQAO scores of operated children with SSC met the provincial academic standards on the Grade 3 and 6 EQAO scores across the 3 academic subjects. Converted grade-matched EQAO scores decreased in reading and writing over time, while math improved. Of the 21 patients with special education data, one child required an IPRC in Grade 3, while an additional four (24%) required an IPRC in Grade 6. Conclusions: Operated children with SSC had average academic performance, however, their needs appeared to change over time. Future studies are needed to evaluate academic difficulties and special education needs as these children progress through grade school.
Introduction: Clinical research professionals (i.e., clinical research assistants, clinical research nurses, clinical research coordinators, etc. ), as outlined by the Joint Task Force (JTF) Core Competency Framework, are highly trained to support the breadth of clinical trial operations and manage participant care. Clinical research professionals are uniquely equipped with a scope of practice that permits product administration, participant assessments, and data management. As clinical trials grow in complexity and their management expands beyond traditional, site-based operations models to decentralized and/or hybrid models, the need becomes great to ensure adequate staffing. However, rural hospitals frequently lack the research staff or patient recruiters that would allow them to support decentralized clinical trials across a sizeable rural geographic demographic. Methods: This paper examines the contributory factors of the clinical research professional workforce contraction and response efforts at professional and organizational levels within a large, Magnet-designated healthcare system in the rural northwestern United States. Perspectives are shared on adapting the Core Competency Framework to reflect the unique strengths and opportunities towards decentralized trials in rural regions of the United States and areas of priority for workforce cultivation and retention. A descriptive survey was used to gather initial data identifying the current research perspectives of healthcare workers working across a rural community. Participants were asked to complete questions about the JTF Competency domains and behavior-based questions. Analysis: Both competency and behavior-based questions were asked and related to roles. These were then cross-referenced using a Rasmussen Ladder system. Descriptive statistics were conducted for sample characteristics, self-reported competency domain questions, and behavior questions. Results and discussion: Survey findings suggest that although healthcare workers and clinical research teams interact, they are unlikely to ask their patients to participate in research. Based on the limited response rate, results suggest that better education throughout the rural community could benefit from decentralized research efforts. Increased use of technology was also highlighted as an area of interest.