Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of dental hygiene administrators and faculty members about the value of interprofessional education (IPE) within dental hygiene curricula and to determine whether administrator and faculty perspectives were associated with their professional role, gender, experience, knowledge about IPE, and their use of collaborative teaching strategies.Methods: A 34-question survey was used to evaluate dental hygiene administrators' and faculty knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to IPE. Electronic surveys were distributed to 224 program directors and faculty members of all entry-level dental hygiene programs located within the Northeast region of the United States. Responses were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23. Descriptive statistics, the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, and ordinal regression analyses were used to report on each survey item.Results: The response rate was 41% (n=91). Overall, respondents viewed interprofessional pedagogy in high regard. Administrators and faculty agreed that IPE would enhance views towards other professions, benefit patients, and assist students in becoming effective members of health care teams. Although the basis for these perspectives was distributed, most (36%) were attributed to being in favor of working with other professionals. Significant correlations were found between respondent attitudes and their understanding and use of collaborative education strategies. Knowledge levels ranged from limited (38%) to adequate (58%). Approximately half of respondents (48%) reported that they are in the very initial stages of incorporating IPE into the curriculum.Conclusion: The majority of the dental hygiene administrators and faculty members surveyed see the value and significance of using IPE to effectively prepare students to enter a collaborative workforce. These perspectives demonstrate that dental hygiene is on the appropriate path for incorporating interprofessional strategies into program curricula.
Purpose: The research evaluates if teachers can achieve better teaching outcomes by using a proposed mobile interactive system (MIS) developed for this study as an additional approach to enhancing teachers' proficiency in Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in the virtual classroom. Background: According to previous studies, teachers' self-assessment on TPACK might be affected by their ego because they have autonomy over the students in the classroom. Some studies suggest that utilisation of an interactive whiteboard (IWB) promotes creativity in teaching and learning but that it is unsuitable for a virtual environment due to its large size and the high maintenance costs associated with owning one in a teacher's residence. Besides, some studies also reveal that allowing the students to assess their teachers through TPACK  is able to reduce potential errors which might result from the TPACK self-assessment done by teachers. Methods: Pre- and post- experiments were conducted with the developed MIS integrated into teaching process. Synchronous display (SD) and whiteboard-like freehand writing (WFW) were features of the MIS integrated into the experimental group. Questionnaires were distributed to the students, and a reflective measurement model was formed using SmartPLS and IBM SPSS Statistics. Findings: Based on our findings, teachers' Technological Content Knowledge had a significant positive effect on TPACK with the inclusion of MIS in online teaching. Predictive relevance was also evaluated through a Q 2 value to predict the endogenous construct of the constructed model. The Q 2 value was greater than zero, indicating that the model possesses a predictive relevance. Conclusion: The integration of the developed MIS in the virtual classroom has a significant positive impact on the students' academic performance relating to concept learning and knowledge acquisition of subject matter.
Purpose: There is limited research addressing the bereavement needs of parents whose young adult (YA) children have died from cancer. Research within oncology about the impact of child loss has tended to focus on parents of pediatric aged children. We adapted a general bereavement support group curriculum used with adults to address the unique needs of bereaved parents of YAs. Methods: Using a quality improvement framework, 25 bereaved parents of YA children participated in one of three 6-session bereavement support group programs during 2020 and 2021. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the programs were offered virtually. The participants provided feedback and completed an evaluation. Results: Nineteen mothers and six fathers participated with 20 (80%) completing the evaluation. The median time since the death of their child was 6 months. The participants evaluated the program highly, reporting that they felt less isolated (4.25/5 on a 5-point Likert scale); that their concerns were similar to others (4.45/5); and the discussion topics were relevant (4.20/5). Other topics that were identified included the impact on the family of losing a YA child, and how other relationships change. Forty-five percent of participants expressed a preference for a hybrid delivery model, incorporating in-person and virtual sessions. The majority also wished to continue meeting monthly, given they had little contact with other bereaved parents of YAs. Conclusion: The general bereavement support group curriculum was readily adapted for use with bereaved parents of YA children who died from cancer. A hybrid delivery model was the preferred method for future groups.
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behavioral changes among cancer patients. Methods: A quasi-experiment design with qualitative approach was adopted in this study, as the ChatGPT technology is novel, and many people are unaware of it. The participants included outpatients at a public hospital. An experiment was carried out, where the participants used ChatGPT for seeking cancer related information for two weeks, which is then followed by focus group (FG) discussions. A total of 72 outpatients participated in ten focus groups. Results: Three main themes with 14 sub-themes were identified reflecting the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behavior changes. Its prominent role was observed in developing health literacy, promoting self-management of conditions through emotional, informational, motivational support. Three challenges including privacy, lack of personalization, and reliability issues were identified. Conclusion: Although ChatGPT has a huge potential in promoting health behavior changes among cancer patients, its ability is minimized by several factors such as regulatory, reliability, and privacy issues. There is a need for further evidence to generalize the results across the regions.
Purpose: This study focused on the sustainability of a school-wide health behavior intervention in rural schools in the Southwestern US. Informed by the seven premises of Theories of Action with Merit, the purpose of this study was to investigate which portion(s) of a five-year, school-wide health behavior intervention were still in practice (i.e. sustainable), and why they were maintained following the removal of funding and resources for the program. Method: Teachers (N = 41) participated in individual, semi-structured interviews during which they shared what aspects of the original intervention were retained as part of personal classroom practices or of the school culture. Teachers reflected on facilitators and barriers to the sustainability of these practices. Data also included field notes from campus visits. To establish trustworthiness, data triangulation (interview transcripts, survey results, and field notes) provided multiple angles of analysis, and two researchers negotiated all themes. Results: Using the premises of the Theories of Action with Merit, teachers' comments often circulated around themes of administrative support and personal investment/interest in healthy behaviors. Additional themes of sustainability included feeling capable and physical activity being the "norm" at their school. Conclusions: Teachers' personal beliefs and self-efficacy in physical literacy held the highest importance in sustaining classroom healthy behavior practices as opposed to the district or state expectations for healthy behaviors. Administrator support was key to whole-school integration and sustainability of practices, however, teachers described evidence of support differently suggesting administrators need awareness of how messages of support are being translated.
Purpose: To assess the availability, quality, and readability of online patient education materials regarding uveitis medications.Methods: The top 10 Google search results for 10 commonly prescribed uveitis medications (prednisone, azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, adalimumab, and infliximab) were analyzed for readability and accountability. Readability was assessed with the Flesch reading ease score, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Gunning Fog Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index, and Coleman Liau Index. JAMA benchmarks were used to assign websites accountability scores. Statistical analysis was performed with two-tailed t-tests.Results: Of 100 search results, none complied with the recommended sixth-grade reading level across all readability formulas. Only one website satisfied all 4 JAMA benchmarks, two websites were able to satisfy three benchmarks, and the remainder achieved two or less.Conclusions: Online information regarding uveitis medications lacks accountability and is not written at an appropriate level for the average patient.
Purpose: To assess the spiritual well-being (SWB) of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in an outpatient setting. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. A convenience sample of 150 participants was obtained. Data collection instrument was a self-reported questionnaire that included the SWB Questionnaire (SWBQ), whose scores range from 20 to 100. SPSS software, version 21, was used in data analysis. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Results: Patients' ages ranged between 35 and 83 years; most were female (64.7%), married (68.0%), Catholic (86.7%), and with breast cancer (35.3%) and colorectal cancer (25.3%). The average SWBQ total score was 65.91 (SD = 12.177). The highest score of the SWBQ was obtained in females, widows and singles, Evangelic and Catholic, and with lower educational level and professional occupation. The Cronbach α was 0.89, and the subscales αs ranged between 0.78 and 0.94. Conclusion: The SWBQ scores were reasonable. These results can guide nurses' clinical reasoning, as the assessment of SWB may precede the diagnosis of risk for spiritual distress, readiness for enhanced SWB, or spiritual distress. Thus, the use of this instrument may facilitate spirituality being effectively implemented in clinical practice, favoring holistic health care.
Purpose: We aimed to understand transgender and nonbinary (TNB) young adults' desire to receive gender-affirming medical care (GAMC) before age 18 and identify barriers and facilitators to receiving this care in adolescence. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to TNB young adults presenting for care between ages 18 and 20 in 2023. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample, χ2 tests with post hoc pairwise comparisons identified differences in desire for gender-affirming medications, outness, and parental consent by gender identity and sex assigned at birth, and t-tests evaluated differences in barriers and facilitators to receiving care by outness to parents. Results: A total of 230 TNB respondents had complete data. Nearly all (94.3%) indicated they desired GAMC before age 18. Half (55.7%) of the respondents reported being out about their gender identity to a parent before age 18. Outness, discussing desire for GAMC, and asking for consent to receive GAMC from a parent were significantly more common among participants who identified as men compared to those who identified as women and among those assigned female at birth compared to those assigned male at birth. No such differences emerged when comparing nonbinary individuals to those who identified as men or women. Lack of parental willingness to consent for GAMC was cited as the primary contributor of not having received care in adolescence. Conclusions: Many TNB young adults desire GAMC in adolescence; however, lack of parental support is a key barrier to receiving this care, suggesting a need for more readily available resources for parents to support TNB adolescents.
Purpose/Significance. This paper aims to explore the influence mechanism of adolescent health information literacy on health behavior. Method/Process. 13-19 year olds are taken as the survey objects to investigate their health information literacy through a questionnaire. Health information literacy mainly includes health information needs, acquisition, evaluation, use, and behaviors. A total of 252 adolescents' data were collected in this study, and model testing was performed with the help of regression analysis and structural equation modeling. Conclusion/Results. The results of the study show that adolescents' health information needs, acquisition, evaluation, and application abilities have a positive impact on health behaviors in the social network environment. Emotional responses and individual cognition as intermediate variables play important roles between health information literacy and health behaviors. Health information needs and health information assessments have the highest impact on mental health and social health, respectively. The society should pay special attention to the influence of adolescents' health cognition and anxiety on health behavior in the context of social network.
Pursuant to studies, receiving the three key maternal health services (Antenatal Care, Skilled Delivery Service, and Postnatal Care) in a continuum could prevent 71% of global maternal deaths. Despite the Western African region being known for its high maternal death and poor access to maternal health services, there is a dearth of studies that delve into the spectrum of maternal health services uptake. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level and predictors of partial and adequate utilization of health services in a single analytical model using the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data (2013-2021). This study was based on the appended women's (IR) file of twelve West African countries. STATA software version 16 was used to analyze a weighted sample of 89,504 women aged 15-49 years. A composite index of maternal health service utilization has been created by combining three key health services and categorizing them into 'no', 'partial', or 'adequate' use. A multilevel multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the effects of each predictor on the level of service utilization. The degree of association was reported using the adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval, and statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. 66.4% (95% CI: 64.9, 67.7) and 23.8% (95% CI: 23.3, 24.2) of women used maternal health services partially and adequately, respectively. Togo has the highest proportion of women getting adequate health care in the region, at 56.7%, while Nigeria has the lowest proportion, at 11%. Maternal education, residence, wealth index, parity, media exposure (to radio and television), enrolment in health insurance schemes, attitude towards wife beating, and autonomy in decision-making were identified as significant predictors of partial and adequate maternal health service uptake. The uptake of adequate maternal health services in the region was found to be low. Stakeholders should plan for and implement interventions that increase women's autonomy. Program planners and healthcare providers should give due emphasis to those women with no formal education and from low-income families. The government and the private sectors need to collaborate to improve media access and increase public enrolment in health insurance schemes.
Pyuria is nonspecific and may result in over-treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends against antibiotic treatment of ASB for most patients including those presenting with altered mental status (AMS). Close observation is recommended over treatment to avoid missing alternative causes of AMS and overuse of antibiotics resulting in adverse events and resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient outcomes associated with antibiotic treatment of pyuria in patients presenting with AMS at hospital admission without specific urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms. The primary objective was to compare 30-day readmission rates of patients with pyuria and AMS treated with antibiotics (AMS+Tx) versus those who were not treated (AMS-NoTx). Secondary outcomes included identifying risk factors for antibiotic treatment, comparing alternative diagnoses for AMS, and comparing safety outcomes. This retrospective cohort study evaluated adult patients with AMS and pyuria (10 WBC/hpf) admitted between February 1, 2020 and October 1, 2021, in a 350-bed community teaching hospital. Patients with documented urinary symptoms were excluded. Additional exclusion criteria included admission to critical care, history of renal transplant, urological surgery, coinfections, pregnancy, and neutropenia. Two-hundred patients were included (AMS+Tx, n = 162; AMS-NoTx, n=38). There was no difference in 30-day hospital readmission rate for AMS between groups (AMS+Tx 16.7% vs AMS-NoTx 23.7%, P = 0.311). An alternative diagnosis of AMS occurred more frequently when antibiotics were withheld (AMS+Tx 66% vs. AMS-NoTx 86.8%, P = 0.012). Urinalyses showing bacteria (odds ratio 2.52; 95% CI, 1.11-5.731) and positive urine culture (OR 3.36; 95% CI, 1.46-7.711) were associated with antibiotic prescribing. Inappropriate antibiotic use is common among hospitalized patients presenting with AMS and pyuria; however, treatment of asymptomatic pyuria did not decrease rates of subsequent readmission for AMS or retreatment of symptomatic UTI. Patients who were monitored off antibiotics had higher rates of alternative AMS diagnosis.
Qi deficiency (QD), one of the most common disorders in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is relevant to many disorders in obstetrics and gynecology. This study aimed to identify the common processes and criteria for diagnosing QD among contemporary proficient TCM practitioners. Steps of decision tree analysis and modified Delphi method were merged together into four-round postal questionnaires to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Open-ended questions and content analysis were used to explore the proficient TCM practitioners' cognitive activities used for diagnosis. The statements obtained from the qualitative responses were used to develop the items for subsequent questionnaires. Based on the TCM practitioners' responses, the diagnostic processes and criteria for making diagnosis were generated. Twenty-eight out of the 30 participants completed all four questionnaires from June 2007 to January 2010. The 11 diagnostic procedures identified in the returned first round of questionnaires were used as the alternatives to select and rank for all the steps to diagnose QD. After three more rounds of postal surveys, an algorithm with a five-stage diagnostic process as well as sets of decision criteria were identified. Although the priorities of procedures and descriptions of reasoning were varied, the content revealed the major themes in the model. The criteria to differentiate signs and symptoms (S/S) included five principles for correlating S/S with QD, and 17 S/S should be differentiated carefully. The results demonstrate that the TCM practitioners precisely diagnosed QD using a number of specific procedures and criteria that could be used as a reference to understand women complaining of S/S that could be similar to QD.
QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) is a method for predicting the physical and biological properties of small molecules; it is today in large use in companies and public services. However, as any scientific method, it is nowadays challenged by more and more requests, especially considering its possible role in assessing the safety of new chemicals. Posing the question whether QSAR is a way not only to exploit available knowledge but also to build new knowledge, we shortly review QSAR history, thus searching for a QSAR epistemology. We consider the three pillars on which QSAR stands: biological data, chemical knowledge, and modeling algorithms. Most of the time we assume that biological data is a true picture of the world (as they result from good experimental practice), that chemical knowledge is scientifically true; so if a QSAR is not working, blame modeling. This opens the way to look at the role of modeling in developing scientific theories, and in producing knowledge. QSAR is a mature technology; however, debate is still active in many topics, in particular about the acceptability of the models and how they are explained. After an excursus in inductive reasoning, we relate the QSAR methodology to open debates in the philosophy of science.
Qualitative and quantitative methods provide different and complementary insights into patients' preferences for treatment. The aim of this study was to use a novel, mixed-methods approach employing qualitative and quantitative approaches to generate preliminary insights into patient preferences for the treatment of a rare disease-generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG). We conducted a mixed-methods study to collect exploratory qualitative and quantitative patient preference information and generate informative results within a condensed timeline (about 4 months). Recruitment was facilitated by an international health research firm. Study participants first reviewed a brief document describing six treatment attributes (to facilitate more efficient review of the material during the focus groups) and were then provided a link to complete an online quantitative survey with a single risk threshold task. They then participated in online focus groups, during which they discussed qualitative questions about their experience with gMG treatment and completed up to three quantitative threshold tasks, the first of which repeated the threshold task from the online survey. The study elicited both quantitative data on 18 participants' risk tolerance and qualitative data on their treatment experience, additional treatment attributes of importance, the reasoning behind their preferences, and the trade-offs they were willing to make. Most participants (n = 15) chose the same hypothetical treatment in the first threshold task in the online survey and the focus groups. Focus group discussions provided insights into participants' choices in the threshold tasks, confirmed that all the attributes were relevant, and helped clarify what was important about the attributes. Patient preference information can be collected using a variety of approaches, both qualitative and quantitative, tailored to fit the research needs of a study. The novel mixed-methods approach employed in this study efficiently captured patient preference data that were informative for exploratory research, internal decision making, and future research.