Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents underscores the importance of understanding the complex factors that drive this behaviour. Framed within broader constructs of emotional regulation theories, alexithymia and peer victimisation are thought to interact to influence NSSI behaviours. This research addresses whether alexithymia and peer victimisation serve as risk factors for NSSI and, if so, how these factors interact with each other. This quantitative study analysed data from 605 adolescents, using a range of validated self-report measures including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Statistical analyses including one-way analysis of variance, multiple regression and structural equation modelling were employed to scrutinise the relationships among the variables. Alexithymia and peer victimisation significantly predicted NSSI behaviours. Specifically, the 'difficulty in identifying feelings' subscale of alexithymia emerged as a noteworthy predictor of NSSI (P < 0.001). Peer victimisation mediated the relationship between alexithymia and NSSI, explaining approximately 24.50% of alexithymia's total effect on NSSI. In addition, age was a significant predictor of NSSI, but gender and education years were not (P > 0.05). These relationships were found to be invariant across genders. This study enriches our understanding of the interplay between alexithymia, peer victimisation and NSSI, particularly within the Chinese context. Its findings have significant implications for a rethinking of alexithymia's theoretical construct and interventions targeting emotional literacy and peer dynamics among adolescents. Future research could benefit from a longitudinal design to establish causality.
The prevalence of obesity has been rising globally, and this is leading to an increase in other non-communicable diseases. The level of obesity knowledge among nurses may have an impact on how they treat and perceive obese patients. The study aimed to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses regarding obesity at private healthcare facilities located in Namibia's Oshana Region. A total of four private healthcare facilities in Namibia's Oshana area served as the study's sites. A quantitative cross-sectional research design using proportional stratified random sampling was used to choose 250 respondents for the study. A questionnaire that respondents self-administered was used to gather the data. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were determined during a pilot study. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 was used for data analysis. Of the participants, about two-fifths had a positive attitude (n = 112; 44.8%), slightly less than two-fifths had good practices (n = 96; 38.4%) and more than one-third had good knowledge (n = 97; 39%). There were differences in knowledge mean scores based on age, occupation, sex and educational level. The results validate the necessity for healthcare facilities to implement nurse education and mentorship initiatives, as well as to recognise and reward nurses who effectively care for patients with obesity. This study added literature on knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses in private healthcare facilities in Namibia, as well as factors that influence knowledge levels among the nurses.
The prevalence of osteoarthritis has been investigated in many countries and regions. Considering the wide differences in ethnicity, socioeconomic status, environmental factors, and lifestyle patterns, our study aimed to report the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its associated factors in rural areas of Tianjin. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2020. KOA was diagnosed according to the 1995 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Information on participants' age, years of education, BMI, smoking and drinking status, sleep quality, and frequency of walking were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing KOA. This study included 3924 participants (1950 male and 1974 female); the mean age of all participants was 58.53 years. In total, 404 patients were diagnosed with KOA, and the overall prevalence of KOA was 10.3%. The prevalence of KOA was higher in women than in men (14.1% vs. 6.5%). The risk of KOA in women was 1.764 times higher than that in men. The risk of KOA increased following the increasement of age. There was higher risk of KOA in participants who walked frequently than in participants who walked infrequently (OR = 1.572); in participants with overweight than in participants with normal weight (OR = 1.509), in participants with average sleep quality (OR = 1.677) and those with perceived poor sleep quality (OR = 1.978), respectively, than participants with satisfactory sleep quality, and in postmenopausal women than in non-menopausal women (OR = 4.12). The risk of KOA in participants with an elementary level was lower (0.619 times) than participants with illiteracy. In addition, the results of gender subgroup analysis showed that in male, age, obesity, frequent walking and sleep quality were independent factors associated with KOA; while in female, age, BMI, education level, sleep quality, frequent walking and whether menopausal were independent factors associated with KOA (P < 0.05). The results of our population-based cross-sectional study showed that sex, age, educational level, BMI, sleep quality, and frequent walking were independent influencing factors for KOA, and the influencing factors for KOA differed between the sexes. In order to reduce the disease burden of KOA and the harm to the health of middle-aged and elderly people, the risk factors related to the control of KOA should be identified as much as possible. ChiCTR2100050140.
The prevalence of otitis media (OM) and related hearing loss has remained persistently high among some groups of Australian Aboriginal children who are also reported to have poor academic outcomes. The general literature remains inconclusive about the association between OM-related hearing loss and academic performance in primary school. This study aimed to investigate this association in Aboriginal children living in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted for 2208 NT Aboriginal children, aged about 8 years, living in remote and very remote communities. The explanatory variable was audiometrically determined hearing level as recorded in the Remote Hearing Assessment dataset. The outcome variable consisted of scale scores in the five domains of the National Assessment Program - Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) for Year 3. Other linked datasets used in the study included school attendance records, perinatal records and community level information on relative remoteness, socioeconomic disadvantage and housing crowdedness. Fixed effects linear regression models were used for statistical analyses. Compared with children with normal hearing and after controlling for a range of covariates, children with mild hearing impairment (HI) scored lower in Writing and Spelling by 15.0 points (95% CI: - 22.4 to - 7.6, p < 0.0005) and 5.0 points (95% CI: - 9.6 to - 0.3, p = 0.037), equivalent to 7.3 and 2.1% of the mean score, respectively. Children with moderate or worse HI scored lower in Writing and Numeracy by 13.4 points (95% CI, - 24.8 to - 1.9, p = 0.022) and 15.2 points (95% CI, - 27.6 to - 2.7, p = 0.017), both equivalent to 6.3% of the mean score the respective domain. Other factors associated with poorer NAPLAN results included being male, lower Year 2 school attendance, low birthweight, average household size> 5 persons, living in a very remote community and speaking English as a second language. OM-related HI was independently associated with poorer early year academic achievement in Aboriginal children living in remote NT communities. Interventions to improve academic outcomes for Aboriginal children must incorporate actions to address the negative impact associated with HI through early detection, effective treatment and ongoing support for affected children.
The prevalence of persons with complex needs in Singapore is rising. Poor understanding of what constitutes complexity impedes the identification of care gaps and development of interventions to improve care for these individuals. We aim to identify the characteristics contributing to complexity in primary care, from the Family Physicians' (FP) perspectives. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted from January to September 2021 with experienced FPs across 14 study sites, employing a qualitative descriptive approach based on a complexity framework. Data were coded independently and categorised using thematic analysis by two independent investigators. Five FGDs were conducted with 18 FPs aged 32 to 57 years old working in different primary care settings, with a mean of 13.5 years of primary care experience. Participants emphasised the need for a unified definition of complexity. Complexity is characterised by the presence of issues spanning across two or more domains (medical, psychological, social or behavioural) that adversely impact medical care and outcomes. Persons with complex needs contrast with persons with medically difficult issues. Medical domain issues include the number of active medical problems, poor chronic disease control, treatment interactions, ill-defined symptoms, management of end-of-life conditions and functional impairment. Psychological domain issues include the presence of mental health conditions or cognitive impairment. Social domain issues include the lack of social support, competing social responsibilities and financial issues, while behavioural domain issues include a lack of trust in healthcare workers, fixed health beliefs and poor health literacy. Recognising the medical, psychological, social and behavioural factors that contribute to complexity aids in discerning the diverse needs of individuals with complex needs. This underscores the need for additional support in these pertinent areas.
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a "social vaccine" that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnam from December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (using the 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD. Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63-2.12; p<0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99; p=0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; p=0.001). Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.
The prevalence of precarious employment is increasing, particularly among young adults where less is known about the long-term health consequences. The present study aims to test if being precariously employed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity later in life. A register-based cohort study was conducted in Sweden. The Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort was used to identify individuals who were aged 27 years between 2000 and 2003 (n=339 403). Information on labour market position (precarious employment, long-term unemployment, substandard employment and standard employment relations) was collected for young people 3 years after graduation from school using nationwide registers. Details about alcohol-related morbidity during a 28-year follow-up period were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Register. Data on sex, age, country of birth, education and previous poor health were also obtained from the registers. Young adults in precarious employment had an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity compared with individuals of the same age in standard employment (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.55), after adjusting for several important covariates. A stronger association was found among young men who were precariously employed compared with young women. This nationwide register-based study conducted in Sweden with a long-term follow-up suggests that being precariously employed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity later in life.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in China is over 10%, affecting around 114 million people. Despite the inclusion of T2DM in the National Basic Public Health Service Program (NBPHSP), most people with T2DM experience challenges in achieving optimal management targets. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators of diabetes management from the perspectives of primary health care (PHC) service providers and recipients. This mixed-methods study was conducted in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China. A quantitative PHC facility assessment survey was conducted in all administrative districts and qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted in one district to government officials, medical staff, patients with T2DM, and their family members. Interviews were thematically analyzed, and all findings were synthesized using Michie's COM-B theory. A total of 197 village/community level PHC facilities and 66 township/street level PHC facilities answered the survey, and 42 in-depth interviews were conducted. The key facilitators stemmed from the NBPHSP policy, which standardized the basic infrastructure, medical equipment, and medication for the PHC facilities, provided training on NCD prevention and control, and compensated the PHC workers. However, we identified a detrimental cycle among PHC providers characterized by inadequate capacity, overwhelming workloads, insufficient income, limited career development opportunities, and challenges in attracting young talents. Although patients were covered by the national medical insurance schemes, they experienced capability constraints primarily driven by low education levels, advanced age, low health literacy, and a proliferation of misinformation. These factors influenced patients' motivation to be actively engaged in care and contributed to inertia to intensify treatment and achieve their clinical management goals. This study identifies several major facilitators and barriers from the perspectives of both PHC providers and patients with T2DM. Our findings suggest there are substantial opportunities to strengthen the NBPHSP, including improving the capacity and the income level of the PHC providers, attracting and retaining skilled health workers in rural areas, supporting patients to improve their health literacy and take a more active role in their health care, and improving access to high-quality care through digital health approaches. ClinicalTrials.gov (record NCT02726100, 03/22/2016).
The prevalence, epidemiological and clinical heterogeneities, and impact profiles of individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), pre-COPD, young COPD, and mild COPD in general Chinese population were not known yet. Data were obtained from the China Pulmonary Health study (2012-2015), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey that recruited 50,991 adults aged 20 years or older. Definitions of the four early disease status were consistent with the latest publications and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. The age-standardised prevalences of PRISm, pre-COPD, young COPD, and mild COPD were 5.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.3-6.9), 7.2% (5.9-8.8), 1.1% (0.7-1.8), and 3.1% (2.5-3.8), respectively. In summary, mild COPD was under more direct or established impact factor exposures, such as older age, male gender, lower education level, lower family income, biomass use, air pollution, and more accumulative cigarette exposures; young COPD and pre-COPD experienced more personal and parents' events in earlier lives, such as history of bronchitis or pneumonia in childhood, frequent chronic cough in childhood, parental history of respiratory diseases, passive smoke exposure in childhood, and mother exposed to passive smoke while pregnant; pre-COPD coexisted with heavier symptoms and comorbidities burdens; young COPD exhibited worse airway obstruction; and most of the four early disease status harbored small airway dysfunction. Overall, older age, male gender, lower education level, living in the urban area, occupational exposure, frequent chronic cough in childhood, more accumulated cigarette exposure, comorbid with cardiovascular disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease were all associated with increased presence of the four early COPD status; different impact profiles were additionally observed with distinct entities. Over the four categories, less than 10% had ever taken pulmonary function test; less than 1% reported a previously diagnosed COPD; and no more than 13% had received pharmaceutical treatment. Significant heterogeneities in prevalence, epidemiological and clinical features, and impact profiles were noted under varied defining criteria of early COPD; a unified and validated definition for an early disease stage is warranted. Closer attention, better management, and further research need to be administrated to these population. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Respiratory Medicine Grant for Young Scholars (No. 2023-ZF-9); China International Medical Foundation (No. Z-2017-24-2301); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2021-I2M-1-049); National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (No. 2022-NHLHCRF-LX-01); Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82090011).
The Prevent Suicide Hawai'i Taskforce is a state, public, and private partnership of individuals, organizations, and community groups that leads statewide suicide prevention efforts in Hawai'i. The purpose of this evaluation was to identify the progress and barriers of the Taskforce to inform the upcoming 2025 Hawai'i Suicide Prevention Strategic Plan in the following areas: Hope, Help, Heal, Research and Evaluation, and Policy and Advocacy. Utilizing a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach, 18 key informants were interviewed, followed by a 13-question survey sent to the Taskforce member listserv. Results were analyzed using qualitative coding techniques and descriptive statistics. Interview findings contained six themes: importance of community relationships, interconnection of suicide prevention efforts, progress in diversifying training, organizational challenges, adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic, and funding challenges. Of the 34 survey respondents, most were involved in the area of Hope (91%). The respondents reported the area with most progress was Hope (87%), and the most important area to address was Help (41%). The majority (82%) of the respondents characterized the level of Taskforce communication as Excellent or Good. Interview and survey data corroborated each other and revealed new insights about the successes and barriers of the Taskforce and their progress in implementing the Strategic Plan. Recommendations included advocating for long-term funding for suicide prevention and building community relationships.
The primary aim of the study is to describe the development and implementation of a remote required ambulatory care and required community pharmacy dual-cohort Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) rotation from the student pharmacist perspective. The secondary objective is to identify elements of a remote APPE to integrate into traditional onsite rotations. An electronic post-survey was developed to evaluate rotation effectiveness based on the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) outcomes, and to identify rotation attributes to inform future rotations. Students from different graduating classes on rotation between April and June 2020 participated in the survey. Likert-scale, ranked-response, and fixed-answer-choice questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and comparisons between cohorts and rotation groups were completed using the Chi-squared statistic (alpha .05). Open-ended questions were assessed for recurring themes. Study was exempted by university's Institutional Review Board. Twenty-four of 45 invited students completed the survey (53% response rate). Of the surveyed CAPE outcomes, agreement was highest (95.7%) that the rotation improved students' abilities within 1.1 Learner, 2.2 Manager, and 4.4 Professional subdomains. Diversity of experiences and topic discussions were elements most frequently identified for inclusion in future rotations. Student feedback was largely positive and indicated the remote APPE rotation experience was meaningful and improved abilities on key CAPE outcomes. Although remote rotations are unique, aspects including diverse learning experiences and preceptor collaboration may be considered for integration into traditional onsite rotations.
The primary aim of the study was to determine levels of literacy in both oral health and orthodontics in an adult population. The secondary study aim was to investigate differences in literacy between males and females. Participants included individuals 18 years or older seeking dental treatment at the East Carolina University (ECU) School of Dental Medicine. To determine levels of oral health literacy (OHL) and orthodontic literacy (OrthoL), validated instruments were administered, including the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry, the Oral Health Literacy Instrument and its separate scales, and a questionnaire on orthodontic literacy. Summary statistics were computed, and statistical significance was set at 0.05. One hundred seventy-two individuals participated in the study and had a mean age of 55.03 (range:18-88). Greater than 70% of the sampled population exhibited inadequate or marginal oral health knowledge. Additionally, greater than 70% of the sample possessed no more than an 8th grade reading level, with regard to basic medical and dental terms. Higher education was weakly associated with higher OrthoL and OHL. Higher age was also weakly associated with lower OrthoL and OHL. Males on average exhibited significantly higher OHL (p < .05) but there were no OrthoL differences between males and females. Dental visit frequency was not associated with OrthoL or OHL. Low levels of OrthoL and OHL were observed in the study. While males demonstrated a higher level of OHL than females, neither age nor the occurrence of dental appointments significantly influenced levels of literacy.