Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
There have been increasing calls in the literature recommending training in integrated care (IC) for health and social care professionals. Although studies have focused on different stakeholders' perceptions of education and training, there is no consistent definition of the key competencies or approach to implementing these competencies among health and social care providers. This study used a modified Delphi consensus-building method with global panellists with experience in delivering and designing training in IC to ascertain which competencies are important in an international framework guiding workforce development in IC. A four-step methodological process was used. First, a scoping review identified a potential list of competencies and features of education and training in IC. Second, predefined criteria were used to identify global panellists with IC education experience. Third, two anonymous iterative Delphi rounds were conducted to (1) reach a consensus on the level of importance of the competencies and key themes to be included and (2) identify existing models of training in IC. This was followed by the analysis of the Delphi study and presentation of the results. A list of eight domains and 40 competencies was generated. Twenty-one panellists reviewed the competencies in the first and second round. The highest importance rankings were allocated to person-centred care, interprofessional teamwork and care coordination. The lower-ranking domains focused on professional workforce attributes. The study provides a global consensus on the competencies required for workforce training and development in IC and offers recommendations on how these competencies can be implemented in higher education and vocational institutions and workplace settings. The results will be useful for developing policy and curriculum by health and education providers and accreditation bodies.
There is a clear inequality in gender distribution for the STEM areas (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). Furthermore, there is a noticeable lack of diversity and a socio-economic gap that requires actionable solutions. To explore potential factors that affect the participation of women in STEM, this paper reviews two possible groups of determinants: national culture and complexity thinking. A survey with 684 respondents from higher education institutions in Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Spain was undertaken. The instrument measured four components of complexity thinking namely critical, scientific, innovative, and systemic). Using analysis of variance between two groups and between multiple groups, differences were observed between the countries' samples and between genders. Once the significance was confirmed, boxplots for each dimension were elaborated to facilitate the visualization of the distributions. The scores were compared with the national culture values to seek possible behavioral patterns in the data. The results reveal two groups between the observed countries. Also, there are clear indications of a relationship between the national culture dimensions and the complex thinking components.
There is a consensus hidden in the criminal legislation of many countries that the criminal responsibility capacity of juvenile offenders is not significantly different from that of their peers. The purpose of this paper was to test this hypothesis. The research objects of this paper were 187 juvenile offenders in J Province, China, who are under detention measures, and 2,449 students from junior high school, senior high school and university in S Province as comparison objects. We subjected the gathered materials to independent-samples t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). (1) The self-control ability (109.30, 123.59) and empathy ability (63.86, 72.45) of juvenile offenders were significantly different from those of ordinary minors, but the difference of dialectical thinking ability was not statistically significant; (2) Except for the influence of mother's education level and family income on dialectical thinking ability, the other variables had no statistical significance on the three kinds of ability. Therefore, it was suggested that the correction plan and means for juvenile offenders should focus on the improvement of self-control ability and empathy ability.
There is a critical need for widespread information dissemination of agricultural best practices in Africa. Literacy, language and resource barriers often impede such information dissemination. Culturally and linguistically localized, computer-animated training videos placed on YouTube and promoted through paid advertising is a potential tool to help overcome these barriers. The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of reaching language-diverse populations in Africa using this new type of information dissemination channel. As a case study, cost estimates were obtained for YouTube ad campaigns of a video to prevent post-harvest loss through safe food storage using sanitized jerrycan containers. Seventy-three video variants were created for the most common 16 languages in Ghana, 35 languages in Kenya, and 22 languages in Nigeria. Using these videos, campaigns were deployed country wide or focused on zones of influence that represent economically underdeveloped regions known to produce beans suitable for jerrycan storage. Using data collected from YouTube ad campaigns, language-specific models were created for each country to estimate how many viewers could be reached per US dollar spent. Separate models were created to estimate the number of viewers who watched 25% and 75% of the video (most of video without end credits), reflecting different levels of engagement. For language campaigns with both country wide and zone of influence areas of deployment, separate region-specific models were created. Models showed that the estimated number of viewers per dollar spent varied considerably amongst countries and languages. On average, the expected number of viewers per dollar spent were 1.8 (Range = 0.2-7.3) for 25% watched and 0.8 (Range = 0.1-3.2) for 75% watched in Ghana, 1.2 (0.2-4.8) for 25% watched and 0.5 (Range = 0.1-2.0) for 75% watched in Kenya, and 0.4 (Range = 0.2-1.3) for 25% watched and 0.2 (Range = 0.1-0.5) for 75% watched in Nigeria. English versions of the video were the most cost-effective in reaching viewers in Ghana and Nigeria. In Kenya, English language campaigns ranked 28 (country wide) and 36 (zones of influence) out of 37 analyzed campaigns. Results also showed that many local language campaigns performed well, opening the possibility that targeted knowledge dissemination on topics of importance to local populations, is potentially cost effective. In addition, such targeted information dissemination appears feasible, even during regional and global crises when in-person training may not be possible. In summary, leveraging multilingual computer-animations and digital platforms such as YouTube shows promise for conducting large-scale agricultural education campaigns. The findings of the current study provides the justification to pursue a more rigorous prospective study to verify the efficacy of knowledge exchange and societal impact through this form of information dissemination channel.
There is a critical need to foster inclusive educational spaces for Queer identifying students and to resist oppressive structures that seek to marginalize and inflict trauma on students because of their gender or sexual identity. Drawing on thematic analysis and Queer theory, we interviewed 11 Queer identifying STEM students to understand the navigational strategies they leveraged within higher education environments related to their Queer identity. We developed a cyclical model of navigational strategies employed by Queer STEM students that involved evaluating the environments, performing psychological identity calculations, and engaging in behavioral actions. Students evaluated the environment by attending to the diversity of gender representation, presence of other Queer individuals, and contextual factors conveyed based on disciplinary expectations. Students engaged in psychological identity calculations whereby they assessed beliefs about the relevance, importance, and fears related to their Queer identity, with few perceiving any benefits. Behavioral actions resulted in students building a chosen community, disclosing or shelving their queer identity, and advocating for representation. In order to support Queer students to thrive in educational contexts, researchers and practitioners should examine ways to increase representation, use inclusive pedagogical strategies, and understand the relevance of Queerness within disciplinary fields. Questioning the relevance or presence of Queerness in higher education environments only further serves to oppress, inflict trauma, and marginalize Queer students.
There is a critical need to improve linkage to alcohol care for veterans in primary care with hazardous drinking and PTSD and/or depression symptoms (A-MH). We adapted an alcohol care linkage intervention, "Connect to Care" (C2C), for this population. We conducted separate focus groups with veterans with A-MH, providers, and policy leaders. Feedback centered on how psychologists and other providers can optimally inform veterans about their care options and alcohol use, and how to ensure C2C is accessible. Participants reported that veterans with A-MH may not view alcohol use as their primary concern but rather as a symptom of a potential co-occurring mental health condition. Veterans have difficulty identifying and accessing existing alcohol care options within the Veterans Health Administration. C2C was modified to facilitate alcohol care linkage for this population specific to their locality, provide concrete support and education, and offer care options to preserve privacy.
There is a critical need to prepare a diverse nursing workforce and address issues of structural racism and health inequities. A shortage of underrepresented nurse faculty exacerbates the lack of diversity in nursing education. Microaggressions and discrimination experienced by underrepresented nursing students hinder their personal and professional growth. Evaluating diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and belonging within a school of nursing is crucial for progress. An alumni survey and a faculty/staff survey were conducted to assess DEI perceptions, which informed the development of a strategic plan. Goals focused on monitoring the cultural climate, increasing diversity and inclusivity, and enhancing faculty competencies. Educational offerings and initiatives were implemented to support these goals. Ongoing evaluation is essential to sustain progress in this critical area. These efforts are necessary for sustainable progress and equitable care provision.
There is a gap in studies examining formal mentorship programs designed for ongoing faculty support. A mixed-methods explanatory research design was used to examine nurse educators' experiences of a navigation-based mentoring program in a baccalaureate nursing program in Western Canada. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the means of three subsets of the Capabilities of Nurse Educators (CONE) questionnaire. Interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The findings highlight the positive effects the faculty navigator program had on faculty's confidence and development as educators. The most significant finding was the in-time relational support that faculty navigators provided to prevent new faculty from feeling alone in their new role. The faculty navigator program is effective for its setting. This program could be expanded to facilitate stronger learner-centered approaches to teaching in various settings with faculty of varying expertise. [J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(10):587-590. ].
There is a gradual shift in training and teaching methods in the medical field. We are slowly moving from the traditional model and adopting active learning methods like simulation-based training. Airway management is an essential clinical skill for any anaesthesiologist, and a trained anaesthesiologist must perform quick and definitive airway management using various techniques. Airway simulations have been used for the past few decades. It ensures active involvement, upgrading the trainees' airway management knowledge and skills, including basic airway skills, invasive procedures, and difficult clinical scenarios. Trainees also learn non-technical skills such as communication, teamwork, and coordination. A wide range of airway simulators are available. However, texture surface characteristics vary from one type to another. The simulation-based airway management training requires availability, understanding, faculty development, and a structured curriculum for effective delivery. This article explored the available evidence on simulation-based airway management teaching and training.
There is a great need for evidence-based antiracism interventions targeting mental health clinicians to help mitigate mental health disparities in racially and ethnically minoritized groups. This study provides an exploratory analysis of mental health clinicians' perspectives on the acceptability of a web-based antiracism intervention. Mental health clinicians were recruited from a single academic medical center through outreach emails. Data were collected through individual 30-minute semistructured remote video interviews with participants, then recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. A total of 12 mental health clinicians completed the study; 10 out of 12 (83%) were female candidates. Over half (7/12, 58%) of the respondents desired more robust antiracism training in mental health care. Regarding the web-based antiracism intervention, (8/12, 67%) enjoyed the digitally delivered demo module, (7/12, 58%) of respondents suggested web-based content would be further enhanced with the addition of in-person or online group components. Our results suggest a strong need for additional antiracist training for mental health clinicians. Overall, participants responded favorably to novel web-based delivery methods for an antiracism intervention. These findings provide important support for future development and pilot testing of a large-scale digitally enhanced antiracist curriculum targeting mental health clinicians.
There is a growing emphasis on evaluating discharge readiness, particularly for those involved in the care of patients in transition. Caregivers supporting individuals with traumatic brain injury are a specific focus due to the potential impact of adequate discharge preparation on patient recovery and post-discharge outcomes. This research aimed to evaluate the preparedness of caregivers for the discharge of patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury from the hospital. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia from January to April 2023 using the Indonesian adaptation of the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale. The study comprised seventy-four caregivers of individuals with traumatic brain injury, chosen through a purposive sampling approach based on pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection involved a questionnaire covering caregiver information (gender, age, education level, income, and psychological status) and discharge readiness. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses, employing Pearson and chi-square, were conducted. Most caregivers were female (83.8%), spouses of patients (50%), and had a moderate education level (52.7%). The average age of caregivers was 43.7 ± 8.7 years, with an average duration of patient care of 4.22 ± 1.2 days and a monthly income of 220 US dollars. The mean score for readiness for hospital discharge was low (10.08 ± 1.91), indicating that caregivers were not adequately prepared for discharge. Age and education were significant factors (p <0.05) related to hospital discharge readiness. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing caregiver readiness for the discharge of patients with traumatic brain injury from the hospital. Findings indicate a concerning trend of inadequate preparedness among caregivers, with factors such as age and education level significantly influencing readiness. The predominance of female caregivers, often spouses of patients, indicates the need for tailored support strategies. Prioritizing caregiver preparation and support, especially by nurses, is crucial for optimizing patient recovery and post-discharge outcomes.
There is a growing emphasis on proficiency-based progression within surgical training. To enable this, clearly defined metrics for those newly acquired surgical skills are needed. These can be formulated in objective assessment tools. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature reporting on available tools for objective assessment of minimally invasive gynecological surgery (simulated) performance and evaluate their reliability and validity. A systematic search (1989-2022) was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science in accordance with PRISMA. The trial was registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) ID: CRD42022376552. Randomized controlled trials, prospective comparative studies, prospective single-group (with pre- and post-training assessment) or consensus studies that reported on the development, validation or usage of assessment tools of surgical performance in minimally invasive gynecological surgery, were included. Three independent assessors assessed study setting and validity evidence according to a contemporary framework of validity, which was adapted from Messick's validity framework. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the modified medical education research study quality instrument (MERSQI) checklist. Heterogeneity in data reporting on types of tools, data collection, study design, definition of expertise (novice vs. experts) and statistical values prevented a meaningful meta-analysis. A total of 19 746 titles and abstracts were screened of which 72 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 37 different assessment tools were identified of which 13 represented manual global assessment tools, 13 manual procedure-specific assessment tools and 11 automated performance metrices. Only two tools showed substantive evidence of validity. Reliability and validity per tool were provided. No assessment tools showed direct correlation between tool scores and patient related outcomes. Existing objective assessment tools lack evidence on predicting patient outcomes and suffer from limitations in transferability outside of the research environment, particularly for automated performance metrics. Future research should prioritize filling these gaps while integrating advanced technologies like kinematic data and AI for robust, objective surgical skill assessment within gynecological advanced surgical training programs.
There is a growing interest in bone tissue MRI and an even greater interest in using low-cost MR scanners. However, the characteristics of bone MRI remain to be fully defined, especially at low field strength. This study aimed to characterize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), T2, and T2* in spongy bone at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. Furthermore, relaxation times were characterized as a function of bone-marrow lipid/water ratio content and trabecular bone density. Thirty-two women in total underwent an MR-imaging investigation of the calcaneus at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. MR-spectroscopy was performed at 3.0 T to assess the fat/water ratio. SNR, T2, and T2* were quantified in distinct calcaneal regions (ST, TC, and CC). ANOVA and Pearson correlation statistics were used. SNR increase depends on the magnetic field strength, acquisition sequence, and calcaneal location. T2* was different at 3.0 T and 1.5 T in ST, TC, and CC. Relaxation times decrease as much as the magnetic field strength increases. The significant linear correlation between relaxation times and fat/water found in healthy young is lost in osteoporotic subjects. The results have implications for the possible use of relaxation vs. lipid/water marrow content for bone quality assessment and the development of quantitative MRI diagnostics at low field strength.
There is a growing interest to support home-based dementia care via contactless monitoring (CM) technologies which do not require any body contact, and allow informal caregivers to remotely monitor the health and safety of people with dementia (PwD). However, sustainable implementation of CM technologies requires a better understanding of informal caregivers' acceptance. This study aimed to examine the (1) general acceptance of CM technology for home-based dementia care, (2) acceptance of different sensor types and use scenarios, and (3) differences between accepters and refusers of CM technology. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among n = 304 informal caregivers of community-dwelling PwD [Mean(SD) age = 58.5 (10.7)] in the Netherlands and Germany. The survey contained a textual and graphical introduction to CM technologies, as well as questions targeting (1) general acceptance of CM technology, (2) acceptance of seven different contactless sensor types, (3) acceptance of five different use scenarios, and (4) caregivers' own and their care recipients' personal characteristics. Data were examined using descriptive and bivariate analyses. Participants' general acceptance of CM technology was slightly positive. We found significant differences in acceptability between contactless sensor types (p < .001). RF-based sensors (e.g., radar) and light sensors were considered most acceptable, whereas camera-based sensors and audio sensors (e.g., microphones, smart speakers) were seen as least acceptable for home-based dementia care. Furthermore, participants' acceptance of different use scenarios for CM technology varied significantly (p < .001). The intention to use CM technology was highest for detecting emergencies (e.g., falls, wandering), and lowest for predicting acute situations (e.g., fall prediction). Lastly, accepters and refusers of CM technology significantly differed regarding gender (p = .010), their relation with the PwD (p = .003), eHealth literacy (p = .025), personal innovativeness (p < .001), usage of safety technology (p = .002), and the PwD's type of cognitive impairment (p = .035) and housing situation (p = .023). Our findings can inform the development and implementation of acceptable CM technology to support home-based dementia care. Specifically, we show which sensor types and use scenarios should be prioritized from the informal caregiver's view. Additionally, our study highlights several personal characteristics associated with informal caregivers' acceptance of CM technology that should be taken into account during implementation.
There is a growing literature examining the association between parents' math anxiety and children's mathematics skills. Previous research has considered parents' math anxiety as a unidimensional construct that primarily focused on parents' experiences doing mathematics themselves. However, this research did not account for parents' experiences when doing mathematics with their children. Thus, there were two goals of the present study: (1) to identify the structure of parents' math anxiety when considering context-dependent situations, and (2) to determine whether parental math anxiety was related to children's early numeracy skills. We conducted a series of confirmatory factor analyses using a sample of 155 preschool children (Mage  = 4.20 years, SD = 0.71; 51% female). The best fitting model of parents' math anxiety was a bifactor model, suggesting that parents' math anxiety was best conceptualized as a multidimensional construct. However, structural equation models showed parent math anxiety was not a significant predictor of children's numeracy performance. These findings provide a foundation for understanding parents' math anxiety as multidimensional and raise questions about potential mechanisms that may explain prior work finding mixed relations between math anxiety and children's numeracy performance.