Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and also the hierarchy of association if any with malnutrition, anemia, and other risk factors with ECC using machine learning algorithms. A hospital-based preventive and interventional study was conducted on SAM children (age = 2 to <6 years) who were admitted to the malnutrition treatment unit (MTU). An oral examination for early childhood caries status was done using the deft index. The anthropometric measurements and blood examination reports were recorded. Oral health education and preventive dental treatments were given to the admitted children. Three machine learning algorithms (Random Tree, CART, and Neural Network) were applied to assess the relationship between early childhood caries, malnutrition, anemia, and the risk factors. The Random Tree model showed that age was the most significant factor in predicting ECC with predictor importance of 98.75%, followed by maternal education (29.20%), hemoglobin level (16.67%), frequency of snack intake (9.17%), deft score (8.75%), consumption of snacks (7.1%), breastfeeding (6.25%), severe acute malnutrition (5.42%), frequency of sugar intake (3.75%), and religion at the minimum predictor importance of 2.08%. Anemia and malnutrition play a significant role in the prediction, hence in the causation of ECC. Pediatricians should also keep in mind that anemia and malnutrition have a negative impact on children's dental health. Hence, Pediatricians and Pediatric dentist should work together in treating this health problem.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of NGS within the French mitochondrial network, MitoDiag, from targeted gene panels to whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS) focusing on mitochondrial nuclear-encoded genes. Over 2000 patients suspected of Primary Mitochondrial Diseases (PMD) were sequenced by either targeted gene panels, WES or WGS within MitoDiag. We described the clinical, biochemical, and molecular data of 397 genetically confirmed patients, comprising 294 children and 103 adults, carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in nuclear-encoded genes. The cohort exhibited a large genetic heterogeneity, with the identification of 172 distinct genes and 253 novel variants. Among children, a notable prevalence of pathogenic variants in genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) functions and mitochondrial translation was observed. In adults, pathogenic variants were primarily identified in genes linked to mtDNA maintenance. Additionally, a substantial proportion of patients (54% (42/78) and 48% (13/27) in children and adults, respectively), undergoing WES or WGS testing displayed PMD mimics, representing pathologies that clinically resemble mitochondrial diseases. We reported the largest French cohort of patients suspected of PMD with pathogenic variants in nuclear genes. We have emphasized the clinical complexity of PMD and the challenges associated with recognizing and distinguishing them from other pathologies, particularly neuromuscular disorders. We confirmed that WES/WGS, instead of panel approach, was more valuable to identify the genetic basis in patients with "possible" PMD and we provided a genetic testing flowchart to guide physicians in their diagnostic strategy.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of information and readability of online content regarding medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Three search engines were used to identify websites containing information regarding MRONJ. The content was assessed with 5 quality of information and readability tools. Statistical analyses were performed via GraphPad Software (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, Calif, United States). The Health on the Net (HONcode) seal was present in 2 of the 21 websites that satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria. The mean JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) benchmark satisfied per website was 1.619 out of 4 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.17). The mean overall Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool score was 15.29 out of a maximum 28 (SD = 6.174; 95% CI, 12.48-18.1). The Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool scores of those websites that satisfied ≥3 JAMA criteria were significantly higher than those that did not (P = .01; 95% CI, -11.41 to -1.79). The readability levels of all content ranged from fairly difficult to very difficult. The information related to MRONJ on the Internet is unreliable and too difficult for the general public to read. Authors of online MRONJ information should consider use of quality of information and readability tools to ensure that reliable information is understood by those with poor health literacy skills.
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiving burden and pre-death grief, with a specific focus on adult-child caregivers in mainland China. Additionally, the study explored whether coping strategies played a mediating role in this correlation. A convenience sample of 320 adult-child caregivers of older parents with dementia from Kunming, mainland China, was recruited for the study. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory-Short Form, the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, and the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised. Results using linear regression and multiple mediation analysis with Hayes' process model indicated that caregiving burden was positively related to pre-death grief and that active coping mediated the relationship between them. In the female group, active coping partially mediated the association between caregiving burden and pre-death grief, but in the male group, this mediating effect did not exist. The study found evidence supporting the link between caregiving burden and pre-death grief among adult-child caregivers of older parents with dementia in mainland China. Furthermore, the caregiving burden prevented the use of active coping, and this decrease in coping increased the perception of pre-death grief. These associations only existed in the female group. This paper presented the importance of active coping skills in the dementia caregiving process. The findings of this study emphasize the necessity for health practitioners to provide targeted interventions regarding pre-death grief among dementia caregivers and strengthen caregivers' active coping strategies to reduce their pre-death grief. Community-based and personal care support services should be promoted to alleviate their caregiving burden. We have adhered to the transparent reporting of evaluations with quantitative design statements and the corresponding checklist was followed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: 'No patient or public involvement'.
The objective of this study was to examine variations in age at nap cessation and identify whether there is an association with social-emotional functioning (SEF) as measured by internalizing/externalizing behavior, child temperament, and social skills in a sample of early childhood education and care-attending children. The sample comprised 1117 children from the Australian Effectiveness Early Educational Experiences for Children longitudinal early childhood study. We used children's age at nap cessation as retrospectively recalled by caregivers in 2011 or 2013 when children were between ages 2 and 7 years. Each child's SEF was reported by a caregiver using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Short Temperament Scale for Children, and the Social Skills Inventory Scale. Associations between children's age of nap cessation and SEF were tested using linear regressions. The children's age at nap cessation ranged from 6 months to 6 years. For each additional year of napping, children's total , conduct , externalizing , and peer behavior problems decreased by 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.70 to -0.09), 0.11 (95% CI, -0.21 to -0.01), 0.11 (95% CI, -0.51 to -0.06), and 0.11 (95% CI, -0.20 to -0.02) units on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scale, respectively. No further significant associations were found. This is the first study reporting the age range of nap cessation and its associations with social-emotional functioning. Our findings demonstrate earlier cessation ages in Australian children attending Early Childhood Education and Care programs than previously reported and a small association with externalizing and peer problems.
The objective of this study was to examine young adults' healthcare utilisation and its possible association with health literacy. Many countries struggle with insufficient accessibility at emergency departments (EDs) and primary healthcare centres (PHCs). Young adults, aged 20-29 years old, account for a substantial number of unnecessary doctor visits where health literacy could be an explanatory factor. This study incorporated a combined retrospective and cross-sectional study design with analysis of registry data, including all registered outpatient doctor visits between 2004 and 2014 (n = 1 086 432), and strategic sample questionnaire data (n = 207), focusing on socio-demographics, symptoms and information-seeking behaviour. Mean differences between first-year and last-year doctor visits for each age group were calculated using registry data. Fischer's exact test was applied to questionnaire data to analyse group differences between ED and PHC visitors as well as between patients with sufficient health literacy and insufficient health literacy. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate covariation. Healthcare utilisation has increased among young adults during the past decade, however, not comparatively more than for other age groups. ED patients (n = 49) compared to PHC patients (n = 158) were more likely to seek treatment for gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.001), had shorter duration of symptoms (P = 0.001) and sought care more often on the recommendation of a healthcare professional (P = 0.001). Insufficient/problematic health literacy among young adults was associated with having lower reliance on the healthcare system (P = 0.03) and with a greater likelihood of seeking treatment for psychiatric symptoms (P = 0.002). Young adults do not account for the increase in healthcare utilisation during the last decade to a greater extent than other age groups. Young adults' reliance on the healthcare system is associated with health literacy, an indicator potentially important for consideration when studying health literacy and its relationship to more effective use of healthcare services.
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between various forms of child nutritional disorders and early childhood development in Bangladesh. We analysed data from the nationally representative cross-sectional 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Early childhood development was evaluated using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI), which comprised 10 yes-or-no questions across four domains: literacy-numeracy, physical well-being, socio-emotional development, and learning abilities. Nutritional disorders (e.g. stunting, wasting, and underweight) were measured based on the World Health Organization's height and weight guidelines. To investigate the relationships between child development and nutritional disorders, we used multilevel logistic regression models. Bangladesh. Data of 9,455 children aged 3 and 4 years. Approximately 38 % of the children analysed experienced a nutritional disorder, with stunting being the most prevalent at 28·15 %. Overall, 25·27 % did not meet expected developmental progress measured by the ECDI. Stunted children were more likely to be off track developmentally, while those without any nutritional disorder were more likely to be on track. Socio-demographic factors, including age, sex, attendance in early childhood education programme, maternal education, maternal functional difficulties, region, and income, were identified as determinants of ECDI. Childhood nutrition and socio-demographic factors significantly affect multiple developmental domains and overall ECDI among children aged 3-4 years. Prioritising policies and programmes that improve nutrition and address these determinants are crucial for fostering optimal development in children.
The objective of this study was to identify clinical and anatomic characteristics of Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) associated with acutely limb threatening events. Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines recommend operative repair for PAAs with a diameter greater than 20 mm based on very limited evidence. This retrospective cross-sectional cohort was derived from a multi-institutional database queried for all patients with a PAA from 2008 to 2022. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) characteristics of PAAs were abstracted by registered physicians in vascular interpretation. Symptom status at the time of DUS was divided into three categories: asymptomatic PAA, symptomatic PAA with claudication or chronic limb ischemia, and acutely limb threatening PAAs with a thromboembolic event, acute limb ischemia, or rupture. There were 470 PAAs identified in 331 patients. The mean age was 74 years at diagnosis, 94% of patients were white, and 97% of patients were male. In a univariate analysis, patient comorbidities and medications were not associated with symptom status. In a multivariate analysis including age, higher percent thrombus was significantly associated with symptomatic PAAs (RRR 15.2; CI 2.69-72.3; P<0.01) and PAAs with an acutely limb threatening event (RRR 17.9; CI 3.76-85.0; P<0.01). All other anatomic characteristics were not associated with symptom status. Percent thrombus was significantly associated with symptomatic PAAs and acutely limb threatening events, whereas diameter was not significantly associated with any symptom group. This analysis supports the use of percent thrombus in identifying high risk PAAs that warrant repair.
The objective of this study was to investigate self-medication behavior among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years and explore the factors associated with whether adolescents prioritize drug efficacy or safety when engaging in self-medication behavior. In 2021, a questionnaire investigation was conducted in the Chinese mainland using a multi-stage sampling approach. After a statistical description, logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with considering drug efficacy and safety. The self-medication rate among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years was 96.61%. Of these, 65.84% considered drug safety to be essential, while 58.72% prioritized drug efficacy. Regression analysis showed that individuals with better healthcare were more likely to consider drug efficacy an important factor. Additionally, those with a healthier family lifestyle were more likely to prioritize efficacy. When individuals engage in self-medication, those residing in urban areas and possessing advanced preventive health literacy and ample family health resources tend to prioritize drug safety to a greater extent. Conversely, those with higher monthly household incomes and only children exhibit a decreased inclination towards prioritizing safety during self-medication. Self-medication is a frequently observed practice among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18. Several factors, such as demographic and sociological characteristics, health literacy, and family health status, have been found to be associated with the extent to which adolescents prioritize medication safety and efficacy when engaging in self-medication practices. Higher levels of health literacy and better family health status were positively correlated with considering both the efficacy and safety of drugs as important factors when self-medicating.
The objective of this study was to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals (HPs) working in the prenatal setting toward uncertain results (UR) from prenatal exome sequencing (pES) in China. We conducted a national survey among HPs working in the prenatal setting. UR in our study include variants of uncertain significance (VUS), variants with variable penetrance/expressivity (VVPE), and secondary findings unrelated to the indication for testing (SFs). A total of 285 questionnaires that met the inclusion criteria were collected. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. When performing the pre-test counseling, only 7.4% of HPs mentioned the possibility of VUS, 6.3% discussed the possibility of VVPE, and 7.4% introduced the SFs with parents with the option to not report these variants. In post-test counseling, 73.0-82.8% HPs discussed with the parents but did not make any recommendations for managing the pregnancy after reporting UR (73.0% for VUS, 82.8% for VVPE, 74.7% for SFs, respectively). Most parents did not have the option of opting out of reporting UR from pES in pre-test counseling. UR did not influence the pregnancy recommendation made by most HPs. Establishing national guidelines for reporting UR from pES and developing strategies to improve counseling skills may help HPs manage UR.
The objective of this study was to investigate the transition readiness of juvenile epilepsy patients during the transition period from childhood to adulthood and analyze the impact of patients' basic characteristics and self-management on their transition readiness. A total of 376 adolescent epileptic patients were selected as research objects from 3A general hospitals located in Chongqing, Guizhou, and Yunnan respectively, and a 3A children's specialist hospital in Chongqing, Jiangxi from May 2021 to February 2022. The readiness for transition was assessed using a transition readiness questionnaire, and patients' self-management skills were evaluated using the Self-Management Scale for Epilepsy Patients. Data analysis was conducted to determine the readiness for transition and examine the factors influencing it. The mean overall transition readiness score in adolescent epilepsy patients was (56.60±12.51). Among the six dimensions, drug management, disease understanding, doctor-patient interaction, health responsibility, medical involvement, and resource utilization were ranked highest to lowest. The examination identified age, epilepsy duration, medication types, and primary caregivers as the primary factors influencing transition readiness in adolescent epilepsy patients (P < .001). Additionally, there was a favorable correlation between the total disease self-management score and transition readiness (r=0.487, P < .01), signifying the positive predictive impact of self-management skills on transition readiness. Adolescent epilepsy patients exhibited moderate readiness for the transition from childhood to adulthood. Older patients with longer disease duration and stronger self-management skills displayed a higher level of readiness. Targeted clinical interventions that prioritize self-management skills are essential for facilitating a smoother transition into adulthood for patients.
The objective of this study was to systematically review the relationship between low health literacy and patient-reported outcomes in patients with benign gynecologic conditions. In this specific population, we also sought to determine the current reported prevalence of low health literacy, examine demographic characteristics that may be related to low health literacy, and collate any health literacy interventions described in the literature. A systematic search of MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov was performed on July 12, 2021, and repeated on October 13, 2023, for terms related to health literacy, specific health literacy measures, and benign gynecologic conditions. There were language or publication period restrictions. Inclusion required primary literature to report associations between health literacy and patient-reported outcomes, using validated tools to quantitatively measure each, in adult women with benign gynecologic conditions. Title screening, abstract screening, and full-text review were conducted with Covidence software (Melbourne, Australia) assisting with the review process. Of the 18,701 studies returned using our search strategy, 25 were selected for full-text review. Of these, no studies met inclusion criteria and reported an association between health literacy and patient-reported outcomes. This study identified a large gap in the literature. Future work should be directed at evaluating the association between health literacy and patient-reported outcomes in benign gynecology to inform patient-centered interventions and care provision.
The objective of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Colombian version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) in older adults. A translation and validation study of HeLD-14 was conducted on 384 non-institutionalized older adults attending the Dental Clinic at Universidad Cooperativa from Pasto, Colombia. A cross-cultural adaptation of a multidimensional HeLD-14 was completed, and the psychometric properties of this scale were evaluated through a cross-validation method using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha (α) and Omega's McDonald (ɷ). The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The EFA demonstrated that a single-factor structure with 11 items explained a cumulative 59.86% of the overall variance. The CFA confirmed that goodness of fit indices of this questionnaire had optimal adequateness (χ2S-B = 109.047; χ2S-B/(44) = 2.478, P=0.001; non-normed fit index = 0.901; comparative fit index = 0.908; root mean square error of approximation = 0.079 (90% CI (0.075, 0.083)); standardized root mean residual = 0.080). The coefficients indicated a high internal consistency for the total scale (α = 0.94; ɷ = 0.96). The developed adaptation of HeLD-14 for the Colombian population, HeLD-Col, is a unidimensional, reliable, and valid instrument to assess oral health literacy in older adults in Colombia.
The objective of this systematic scoping review is to identify what approaches have been implemented in medical education programmes to teach medical students the skills to identify and manage emotions that may be elicited in them during physician-patient interactions and in the clinical environment. Emotions of all involved in the clinical encounter are central to the process of clinical care. However, a gap remains addressing and teaching medical students about recognising and dealing with their own emotions. This scoping review will follow the updated JBI (The Johanna Briggs Institute) methodology guidance for the conduct and reporting of systematic scoping reviews, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A search strategy was developed and applied to five databases. Terms used included medical education, medical curriculum, medical students, emotion (regulation), psychological well-being and mental health. Additionally, a grey literature and reference list search will be conducted. Two independent reviewers will first screen titles and abstracts followed by a second, full-text screening phase. Publications to be included will contain information and data about teaching approaches such as lectures, and other teaching material on physicians' emotion awareness and emotion regulation training in medical education. This study will review existing literature on emotion awareness and emotion regulation training in medical education, and a systematic scoping review does not require ethical approval. The results of this scoping review will be submitted for publication to relevant peer-reviewed journals and will be used to inform the development and implementation of training programmes and research studies aimed at preparing medical students to identify and manage their own emotions in the clinical environment.