Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Background: Several environmental and genetic factors have contributed to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of some selected risk factors and Arg399Gln XRCC1 polymorphism on CRC. Methods: A total of 180 patients with CRC and 160 healthy individuals who were matched for sex, age, and place of residence (Northeast of Iran) participated in this case-control study. Before collecting blood samples and filling out questionnaires, a written consent form was obtained from all participants. Genotypes were determined by RFLP-PCR. The comparison of genotype and allele frequencies was performed using p value based on the results of chi-square test. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by employing a logistic regression model. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS. Each of the 2- sided p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The level of literacy, physical activity, consumption of vegetables and fruits, and tea intake of the patients were significantly lower than healthy individuals, but gastrointestinal disorders, family history of cancer, BMI, and fast food consumption were significantly higher in cases than in controls. No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups regarding smoking, opioid addiction, alcohol consumption, diet, fish consumption, and liquid intake, using the kitchen hood, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln and Arg/Gln genotypes were involved in increased CRC risk (The crude OR =1.781 with a 95% CI of 1.156-2.744 and OR = 1.690 with a 95% CI of 0.787-3.630). Also, Gln/Gln genotype was more frequent in CRC group than in control group. However, none of the risk factors interacted with polymorphism, and thus did not have an effect on CRC. Conclusion: Some risk factors, such as reducing the consumption of vegetables and fruits or reducing physical activity as well as polymorphism of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln alone, increase the risk of CRC, but they do not interact with each other.
Background: SMEs have made a major contribution to the national economy, but Pandemic covid-19 made the decline of SMEs which directly affected the economy in Indonesia. The purpose of this research focus to explore the innovation of business models the novelty of the research model in the business model of innovation research models is to include the variable self-efficacy. This research emphasizes self-efficacy and Islamic financial literacy as independent variables, business model innovation as an intermediate model and business performance variables as dependent variables, with the focus of research on SMEs. Methods: This quantitative study uses partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and a questionnaire survey to analyze the 40 Street Vendors which is categorized as SMEs around Unisba. In the initial stages, the Questionnaire was tested with the Validity and Reliability test. In the PLS-SEM analysis, the validity of the indicators / items forming latent variables is based on the significance value of t arithmetic obtained from the loading factor value divided by the standard error. After being collected, the data is then processed and analyzed. The analytical method used in this study is the simultaneous equation model, namely Partial Least Square (PLS). The statistical tool used to test the hypothesis is Smart PLS. Results: The results showed that self-efficacy and Islamic financial literacy through business model innovation, had a positive effect on SMEs business performance simultaneously or partially. Conclusion: So that by having good self-efficacy and good Islamic financial literacy plus an appropriate business innovation model, it will improve the business performance of SMEs.
Background: Social media has an impact on panic buying by creating fear, disseminating pictures, and videos of people purchasing extra goods in a state of panic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the perceived impact of social media on panic buying behaviors in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 10 to November 25, 2020. A self-reported instrument was designed in English and then translated to the Kurdish Language to conduct the study. It was disseminated through social media platforms (Facebook, Viber, and WhatsApp) and e-mail, via a link, and 466 responses were collected from social media users. The statistical computations were performed using SPSS version 21. Results: The majority of respondents were male (62.2%), were <25 years old (43.9%), and had completed their bachelor's degree (53.9%), and most of the respondents (86.3%) used Facebook. Among the respondents, 42.1% were involved in panic buying, 32.8% of the respondents thought that social media platforms had an influence on panic buying, 86.1% of the respondents thought that social media should be sensible while reporting it, 88.4% thought that the reporting should be controlled, and 78.5% thought that photos of empty shelves should be avoided. There was a significant positive statistical correlation (r = 0.84) between social media use and panic buying among consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan (p = <0.001). Conclusion: This research assessed how social media affects buying behavior, particularly in Iraq. Collective measures, such as sensible use and adequate media literacy, are needed to prevent such behaviors at least during public health emergencies.
Background: Teaching students how to create assessments, such as those involving multiple-choice questions (MCQs), has the potential to be a useful active learning strategy. In order to optimize students' learning, it is essential to understand how they engage with such activities. Objective: To explore medical students' perceptions of how completing rigorous MCQ training and subsequently writing MCQs affects their learning. Design: In this mixed methods exploratory qualitative study, eighteen second-year medical students, trained in MCQ-writing best practices, collaboratively generated a question bank. Subsequently, the authors conducted focus groups with eight students to probe impressions of the process and the effect on learning. Responses partially informed a survey consisting of open-ended and Likert rating scale questions that the remaining ten students completed. Focus group and survey data from the eighteen participants were iteratively coded and categorized into themes related to perceptions of training and of collaborative MCQ writing. Results: Medical students felt that training in MCQ construction affected their appreciation for MCQ examinations and their test-taking strategy. They perceived that writing MCQs required more problem-solving and content-integration compared to their preferred study strategies. Specifically, generating plausible distractors required the most critical reasoning to make subtle distinctions between diagnoses and treatments. Additionally, collaborating with other students was beneficial in providing exposure to different learning and question-writing approaches. Conclusions: Completing MCQ-writing training increases appreciation for MCQ assessments. Writing MCQs requires medical students to make conceptual connections, distinguish between diagnostic and therapeutic options, and learn from colleagues, but requires extensive time and knowledge base.
Background: Technology plays a fundamental role to achieve higher education key learning objectives. Digital competence (DC) is defined as a set of skills, knowledge, abilities, and attitudes in technological aspects. It is necessary to employ an effective training action plan in higher education institutions to advance towards a level of teaching digital competence (TDC). The objective of this study was to validate the COMDID A instrument to assess Teaching Digital Competence (TDC) of active teachers, through a confirmatory factor and internal reliability analysis. Methods: The research was developed within a descriptive-correlational scope and a non-experimental-cross-sectional design to validate the dimensionality and reliability of the COMDID A instrument and evaluate the self-perceived digital competence of active teachers. The population was made up of 690 professors who were part of the teaching staff of the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador, in the first academic period of the year 2021. The sample was probabilistic, in a simple random scheme, the percentage of potential error admitted was 3%. The representativeness of the sample was 50%, and the confidence level was 97%. A total of 511 teachers completed the questionnaire compared to the 452 individuals needed. Results: The instrument was robust, and it was reliable for the calculated sample. There were correlations between the variables, and the statistical calculation ensured the development of the multivariate analysis to validate the dimensionality of the instrument. Moreover, the correct dimensionality was determined through a confirmatory analysis and high reliability of the instrument. Conclusions: The calculated factorial scores were defined in order for further studies to be carried out. It is important to apply confirmatory factor analysis in educational technology research to validate the dimensionality of data collection instruments.
Background: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between selected components of body composition and the phase angle specified by bioelectrical impedance analysis, depending on the level of physical activity among students. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 484 university students from Krosno. The diagnostic survey method (IPAQ-SF), measurements of highs, and analysis of body composition components (BIA) were used. The relationship between variables was determined using the χ2 test, the V-Kramer coefficient, and Spearman's rho coefficient. Results: University students in physical education demonstrated the highest level of physical activity and the lowest incidence of excessive body mass. Among the participants, 28.1% did not engage in any physical activity, or their level was insufficient. The PhA level was correlated with lean body mass and muscle mass. The correlation between higher levels of PA and PhA values was statistically significant, as was the relationship between self-assessment of physical fitness and the level of PA determined by IPAQ-SF. Conclusions: Preventive actions and educational programs, especially about spending leisure time in active ways, should be particularly targeted at students of disciplines with a significant amount of sedentary classes.
Background: The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has recommended integrating medically-relevant arts and humanities curricula into medical student education in order promote physician skills development. An analysis of the state of existing visual arts-based medical school pedagogies was conducted to inform future implementation strategies.Methodology: An electronic survey was distributed to representatives of US medical schools to describe the prevalence and characteristics of visual arts-based medical school curricula. Official courses, informal events, cross-registration opportunities, and established art museum partnerships were assessed.Results: Survey response rates were 65% for US allopathic medical schools and 56% for osteopathic medical schools. A majority (79%) of responding institutions incorporate or support medical student art experiences in some format. Thirty-one percent (n = 36) of schools offer stand-alone humanities courses using visual arts. These were primarily allopathic programs (n = 35; 37% of allopathic programs) and only one responding osteopathic program (n = 1; 5% of osteopathic programs). Schools without dedicated courses are less likely to report other curricular and extracurricular visual arts engagement. Most visual art medical courses are offered at medical schools located in the Northeastern United States.Conclusions: Many but not all medical schools are incorporating the visual arts into their medical education curriculum. Opportunities to promote increased uptake, more effective implementation, and collaboration strategies for the AAMC recommendations are proposed.
Background: The coexistence of stunting and wasting in a child increases the risk of mortality and requires more intensive treatment and care. However, there is limited research on the burden of concurrent stunting and wasting among children and the socioeconomic factors that are correlated with having both conditions. Aim: To understand the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting among a sample of children ages 6-144 months experiencing poverty in the Philippines. Methods: Cross-sectional data were drawn from nutrition screening and sociodemographic surveys conducted by International Care Ministries in 2018-2019. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting. Multilevel logistic regression modelling was conducted to understand the sociodemographic factors that were associated with stunting and wasting. Results: Among the 3005 children in this sample, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting was 49.9%, 9.3%, and 4.6%, respectively. Children experiencing concurrent stunting and wasting lived in households in lower wealth index quintiles, had a household head with fewer years of education, and were more likely to experience food insecurity compared to children who were not stunted or wasted. The education of the household head, the number of household members, and the wealth of the household were correlated with stunting across age groups, while food insecurity was correlated with wasting among younger children. Conclusion: The presence of concurrent stunting and wasting among children provides the impetus to integrate both conditions into nutrition monitoring, prevention, and treatment interventions.
BACKGROUND: The controversy continues on how to best become proficient in contemporary minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques (MISST). Postgraduate training programs typically lag behind the innovation. Other subspecialty spine care providers often compete with spine surgeons particularly when they do not offer the treatments needed by their patients. The public debate centers around who should be taught and credentialed in providing surgical spine care. The purpose of this study was to conduct an opinion survey amongst spine care providers regarding the learning curve of MISST and which credentialing standards should be established. Surgeon online opinion survey sent by email, and chat groups in social media networks, including WeChat, WhatsApp, and LinkedIn. Surgeons were asked the following questions: 1) Do you think MISS is harder to learn compared to open surgery? 2) Do you perform MISS? 3) What type of MISS do you perform? 4) If you perform endoscopic surgery, which approach(es)/technique(s) do you employ? 5) In your opinion, where does the innovation take place? 6) Where should MISST be taught? 7) Do you think mastering the MISST learning curve and surgeon skill level affect patient outcomes? 8) Which credentialing criteria do you recommend? Demographic data of responding surgeons, including age, postgraduate training and years from graduation, and practice setting, were also obtained. Descriptive statistics were employed to count the responses and compared to the surgeon's training using statistical package SPSS Version 27.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). The online survey was viewed by 806 surgeons, started by 487, and completed by 272, yielding a completion rate of 55.9%. Orthopedic surgeons comprised 52.6% (143/272) of respondents, followed by 46.7% (127/272) neurosurgeons, and 0.7% pain management physicians (2/272). On average, respondents had graduated from a postgraduate training program 15.43 ± 10.13 years. Nearly all respondents employed MISST (252/272; 92.8%) and thought that proficiency in MISST affects patients' outcomes (270/272; 98.2%). Some 54.1% (146/270) opined that MISS is more challenging to learn than traditional open spine surgery. Preferred credentialing criteria were 1) number of MISST cases (87.5%; 238/272), b) skill level (69.9%; 190/272), and c) proficiency assessment (59.9%; 163/272). A case log review (42.3%; 116/272) or an oral examination (26.1%; 71/272) was not favored by surgeons. Surgeons reported academia (43.4%; 116/267) and private practice (41.2%; 110/267) as the centers of innovation. Only 15.4% (41/267) of respondents opined that industry was the main driver over innovation. Geographical and cultural biases may impact the opinions of responding surgeons. Respondents preferred case volume, skill level, and proficiency assessment as credentialing criteria. Surgeons expect academic university programs and specialty societies to provide the necessary training in novel MISST while working with governing boards to update the certification programs.
Background: The datafication scenario of the current communicative ecosystem poses a challenge to media and digital literacy, especially in terms of participation and civic and democratic engagement of youth. Methods: For this purpose, through a survey with a representative sample of 600 young people in Spain, between 16 and 18 years old, we observed their level of digital literacy through three variables: technical competencies, informational competencies, and critical knowledge. This dataset also collects information on the reasons why young people use digital technology such as video games, consoles, computers or mobile phones. On the other hand, we also offer information on the types of social networks or applications and the time and types of uses by youngsters of different digital technologies and social media platforms. The survey includes socio-demographic factors such as gender including (male, female, and others). Conclusions: This survey offers researchers relevant data on the digital skills of Spanish youth and on the perceptions of the use of different digital technologies. This paper also reports the main descriptive data that can be expanded by researchers accessing the database.
Background: The popularity of aesthetic surgery is on the rise, as is patients' expectations towards excellent surgical results. In order to meet these expectations, risk factors that hinder desired outcomes, such as smoking, need to be identified and addressed. To that end, the present study summarizes an updated systematic review focused on the effects of smoking on cosmetic surgical procedures and outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of studies comparing aesthetic surgical outcomes by procedure, between tobacco smokers and non-smokers was carried out, querying PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane databases. Data regarding surgical outcomes were extracted and meta-analyzed by a random effects model in conjunction with the Mantel-Haenszel statistical method. Results: Eighty-two studies were included in the final synthesis. Abdominoplasty/panniculectomy (n = 19 cohorts) and breast reduction (n = 27 cohorts) were the most common types of procedures included in this review. Other than mastopexy and rhinoplasty, smoking conferred a statistically significant increased risk of overall complications for all studied aesthetic procedures. Conclusions: The data demonstrates that smoking is a clear risk factor for the vast majority of aesthetic plastic surgeries studied. Although our meta-analysis suggests that smoking is not a risk factor for complications in mastopexies and rhinoplasties, these two specific analyses may have been biased, and should therefore be re-evaluated with future additional evidence. The results of this systematic review confirm the importance of smoking cessation and education relative to the outcomes of common cosmetic surgical procedures.
Background: The use of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in medical research continues to grow as the amount and availability of clinical data expands. These techniques allow complex interpretation of data and capture non-linear relations not immediately apparent by classic statistical techniques. Methods: This review of the ML/AI literature provides a brief overview for practicing surgeons and clinicians of the current and future roles these methods will have within surgical infection research. Results: A conceptual overview of the techniques is provided along with concrete examples in the surgical infections literature. Further examples of ML/AI techniques in clinical decision support as well as therapy discovery with model-based deep reinforcement learning are illustrated. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence and ML are important and increasingly utilized techniques within the expanding body of surgical infection research. This article provides a minimal baseline literacy in ML/AI to be able to view such projects in an appropriately critical fashion.
Background: This paper investigated some of the challenges in the application of Tshivenda scientific register (TSR) during classroom practices of some physical sciences teachers in some of the public secondary schools in the Vhembe West District, South Africa. Methods: It was an interpretative qualitative case study wherein three physical sciences teachers and 40 learners took part in the study. The study conducted at schools of Vhuronga 2 circuit in Vhembe West District between January 2022 to November 2022. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were used for data collections. Researchers analyzed their data through Data Analysis Scheme (DAS) which comprised of themes, categories, and characteristics in this qualitative study. Texts that belong to a particular theme were highlighted using same colour and track changes was also used to codify categories and characteristics of a theme. Results: The research findings had shown numerous challenges in the teaching and learning of physical sciences including teachers and learners not used to physical sciences being taught and learnt through TSR, not familiar with some scientific words in TSR, difficulties in understanding scientific term in TSR as well as absence of Tshivenda physical sciences resources beside TSR. Consequently, this has impacts on teacher and learner's ability to implement TSR in the teaching and learning of Physical Sciences. Moreover, the findings also show that teachers and learners participated in the study sometimes switch from Tshivenda Scientific words to English Scientific words during Physical Sciences lessons. Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that the above-mentioned challenges in the development and application of TSR for Physical Sciences teaching need to be addressed so that teachers can teach learners Physical Sciences through language they know best. Hence, physical sciences teachers must be developed, trained, and furnished with essential language skills for them to develop Tshivenda scientific language registers on other sciences topics.