Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
To present the content and response process validity evidence of the Speaking in Public Coping of Scale (ECOFAP). A methodological study to develop and validate the instrument. It followed the instrument development method with theoretical, empirical, and analytical procedures, based on the validity criteria of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (SEPT). The process of obtaining content validity evidence had two stages: 1) conceptual definition of the construct, based on theoretical precepts of speaking in public and the Motivational Theory of Coping (MTC); 2) developing items and response keys, structuring the instrument, assessment by a committee with 10 specialists, restructuring scale items, and developing the ECOFAP pilot version. Item representativity was analyzed through the item content validity index. The response process was conducted in a single stage with a convenience sample of 30 people with and without difficulties speaking in public, from the campus of a Brazilian university, belonging to various social and professional strata. In this process, the respondents' verbal and nonverbal reactions were qualitatively analyzed. The initial version of ECOFAP, consisting of 46 items, was evaluated by judges and later reformulated, resulting in a second version with 60 items. This second version was again submitted for expert analysis, and the content validity index per item was calculated. 18 items were excluded, resulting in a third version of 42 items. The validity evidence based on the response processes of the 42-item version was applied to a sample of 30 individuals, resulting in the rewriting of one item and the inclusion of six more items, resulting in the pilot version of ECOFAP with 48 items. ECOFAP pilot version has items with well-structured semantics and syntactic, representing strategies to cope with speaking in public.
To present the incidence of recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH) and to identify radiological and patient-related risk factors that lead to recurrence after lumbar disc herniation (LDH) treatment with microdiscectomy. Between January 2013 and December 2021, 1214 patients who had undergone microdiscectomy for LDH were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups, the recurrent group and the non-recurrent group, and their demographic, clinical and radiologic characteristics were recorded. The association between the variables and RLDH was assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Mean ages were similar in the recurrent (51.48 ± 13.63) and non-recurrent(50.38 ± 14.53) groups (p=0.232). Males represented 59.6% of the recurrent group and 49.8% of the non-recurrent group (p=0.002). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that being a male (p=0.009), diabetes mellitus (p=0.038), smoking (p<0.001), grade 4&5 disc degeneration (p<0.001), and having protruded (p=0.002), extruded LDH (p<0.001), paracentral (p=0.008) and foraminal LDH (p=0.008) were independently associated with recurrence. To reduce RLDH frequency and need for revision surgery, modifiable risk factors should be minimized before and after the initial surgery. Also, in patients with unmodifiable risk factors, patients should be clearly informed about the risk for recurrence and possible alternative treatment methods should be considered.
to present the theoretical model, logic model, and the analysis and judgment matrix of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. a qualitative, participatory research approach, in the form of an evaluability study, encompassing the phases (1) problem analysis; (2) program design, development, and adaptation to the Brazilian context; (3) program dissemination. Data were collected through document analysis and workshops. through document analysis, workshops with stakeholders from the participating institution, and validation with key informants, it was possible to identify the program's objectives, expected outcomes, and the target audience. This allowed the construction of theoretical and logic models and, through evaluative questions, the identification of indicators for the evaluation of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. this study has provided insights into the Fall TIPS program, the topic of hospital fall prevention, and the proposed models and indicators can be employed in the implementation and future evaluative processes of the program.
To prevent the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and protect the health of school staff and students, Austrian education policymakers introduced several hygiene measures that posed new challenges for teachers. The current paper focuses on teachers' perceptions of hygiene measures in schools during the 2021-2022 school year. In Study 1, 1372 Austrian teachers participated in an online survey at the end of 2021. In Study 2, five teachers participated in an in-depth qualitative interview study. The quantitative results show that half the teachers felt a strong burden from the COVID-19 tests, but that the tests worked better when teachers had more teaching experience. Elementary and secondary school teachers, unlike special education teachers, had fewer problems implementing COVID-19 testing. The qualitative results suggest that teachers needed an acclimatization period for previously unfamiliar tasks, such as COVID-19 testing, to become accustomed to this newly implemented measure. Additionally, wearing facemasks was only evaluated positively in the context of self-serving strategies, while the protection of student health was not considered. In summary, the current study calls attention to the particular vulnerability of teachers and provides insights into the reality of schools in times of crisis that could be particularly helpful to education policymakers.
To prevent the spread of COVID-19 and carry out a successful vaccination program especially in low-income countries, people must have faith on scientists and health experts. The most significant challenge to vaccination programs' efficacy is now regarded to be a lack of information and trust in immunization due to myths and misinformation spread in the community. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the myth and misconceptions that are propagated about the COVID-19 vaccine, the refusal rate of the vaccine and determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine refusal. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 7 to January 25, 2022. Face-to-face interviews with a standardized questionnaire were used to collect data on the variables. Data were entered into the statistical tool Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression, both bivariable and multivariable, was conducted. In the multivariable binary logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant factors based on a p value less than 0.05. Out of the total 574 respondents, 60.3% [95% CI (55.5, 64.2)] of them refused to take COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, respondent's age [AOR = 2.1 at 95% CI: (1.8, 4.9)], perception on COVID-19 vaccine [AOR = 3.0 at 95 CI: (1.9, 4.6)], eHealth literacy [AOR = 2.7 at 95% CI: (1.7, 4.1)], source of information about the vaccine [AOR = 2.9 at 95% CI: (1.9, 4.4)], computer literacy [AOR = 2.8 at 95 CI: (1.8, 4.2)] and frequency of internet use [AOR = 2.2 at 95 CI: (1.8, 5.3)] were identified as determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Factors like eHealth literacy, source of information about the vaccine, frequency of internet use, respondent's perception about the vaccine and computer literacy were found to be determinant factors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
To promote early childhood development (ECD), we require information not only on what needs to be addressed and on what effects can be achieved but also on effective delivery methods that can be adapted to local context. We describe design, implementation, and evaluation of a complex intervention to strengthen nurturing environment for young children. Study participants were pregnant women and their children from birth to 2 years. We used design and redesign, implementation, and evaluation approaches for the study. We co-created curriculum and delivery plan with stakeholders, based on the theoretical framework, findings from formative research, and our preliminary work. We recruited 656 pregnant women and newborns, 326 (49.69%) from intervention and 330 (50.30%) from the control group. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the program's effectiveness. The outcomes of children were assessed at 12 and 24 months. At recruitment, study participants from both the study arms were similar in sociodemographic characteristics. We conducted 6,665 home visits, 25 toy-making workshops, and 65 caregiver-meetings. The initial examination of program data revealed gaps in quality and coverage of interventions. The intervention was redesigned based on feedback from stakeholders in community meetings. At recruitment, participants in both study groups had similar socio-demographics. We conducted 6,665 home visits, 25 toy workshops, and 65 caregiver meetings. Initial program data showed intervention quality and coverage gaps, leading to a redesign program based on community and stakeholder feedback. Post-re-designing, session quality improved, with program coverage rising from 32 to 98%. Male participation in home visits increased from 4.3 to 32.65%, and data errors reduced from 270 to 140 per month on average. At 24 months, program showed moderate-mild impact on ECD - cognitive (0.31, 95%CI: 0.13-0.48), language (0.2, 95%CI: 0.01-0.39), and socioemotional-development (0.19, 95%CI: 0.01-0.37), moderate effect on home-environment and mother-child interaction. 96% of women initiated breastfeed within one-hour of delivery, and exclusive-breastfeeding rate of 89.80%. The study provides an evidence-based community centered ECD curriculum and implementation strategies to enhance service providers, and caregivers' knowledge and skills for promoting ECD in low-resource settings with the potential to scale within existing Government Program. The trial was funded by the Saving Brains Round 5 Initiative of Grand Challenges Canada (Grant no. SB-1707-05084), and we are grateful for their ongoing support through online sessions and orientation workshops. The trial was also supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research (File No: 5/7/1693/CH/Adhoc/RBMCH-2020).
To provide a comprehensive quantitative review of biological, environmental, and behavioral correlates across domains of cognitive function in sickle cell disease (SCD). Forty-seven studies were identified in PubMed, MedLine, and PsycINFO involving 2573 participants with SCD. Meta-analytic findings across all identified samples indicate that hemoglobin and hematocrit were positively correlated with Full Scale IQ [FSIQ; r = .15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = .10 to .21], language and verbal reasoning (r = .18, 95% CI = .11 to .24), and executive function (r = .10, 95% CI = .01 to .19) with small effects and significant heterogeneity. Transcranial Doppler velocity was negatively associated with visual spatial and perceptual reasoning (r = -.18, 95% CI = -.31 to -.05). Socioeconomic status was positively associated with FSIQ (r = .23, 95% CI = .17 to .28), language and verbal reasoning (r = .28, 95% CI = .09 to .45), visual spatial and perceptual reasoning (r = .26, 95% CI = .09 to .41), and executive function (r = .18, 95% CI = .07 to .28) with small to medium effects. Finally, total behavioral problems were negatively associated with FSIQ (r = -.12, 95% CI = -.21 to -.02) such that participants with lower FSIQ exhibited greater behavioral and emotional problems. Findings provide evidence for biological, environmental, and psychosocial corelates across multiple domains of cognitive function in SCD. More research on more specific cognitive domains and psychosocial correlates is needed in addition to assessments of interactional models among risk factors.
To provide a comprehensive quantitative review of neurocognitive function in sickle cell disease (SCD) across multiple domains, cerebral infarct status, and the lifespan. One hundred and ten studies were identified in PubMed, MedLine, and PsycINFO involving 110 studies of 3,600 participants with SCD and 1,127 sibling or health controls. Meta-analytic findings indicate significant deficits across all neurocognitive domains, age groups, and infarct status. Significant deficits relative to the normative mean ranged from Hedges' g = -.39 to g = -.63 in preschool children, g = -.83 to g = -1.18 in school-aged children and adolescents, and g = -.46 to g = -.86 in adults. Deficits in full scale IQ (FSIQ), verbal reasoning, perceptual reasoning, and executive function increased from preschool to school-aged samples. However, findings also showed that deficits were smaller in adult samples relative to school-aged samples, likely due to sampling bias in adult studies. Findings across infarct status in sickle cell anemia showed that deficits ranged from g = -.54 to g = -.65 in samples without infarcts, g = -.52 to g = -1.03 in samples with silent cerebral infarct, and g = -1.35 to g = -1.82 in samples with stroke. Deficits in each domain increased in magnitude from no infarct or stroke, to silent cerebral infarct, to overt stroke. Individuals with SCD are at risk for cognitive deficits across domains, infarct status, and the lifespan. More research is necessary to determine unbiased effects for cognitive function in adults with SCD.
To provide consistent method for assessment of sedation need among patients undergoing dental treatment based on specific risk factors that is dental anxiety, medical status, and treatment complexity of needed dental treatment using IOSN (indication of sedation need) tool for assisting the clinician in decision making process. A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire comprising of three sections was distributed among the participants. Section 1 comprises details about age, gender, literacy level, occupation, monthly income, and previous dental treatment history. Section 2 is based on Modified Dental Anxiety Scale which is a questionnaire comprising of five questions ranging from "not anxious" to "extremely anxious." The third section was based on using the IOSN tool comprising three components: MDAS (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale) rank score, Systemic Health (ASA status) rank score, and treatment complexity rank scores. The total of three scores was then computed to determine the total rank score which suggested the sedation need. History of past traumatic dental experiences was also inquired from each patient. A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study, out of which 56.1% were female. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. Based on the MDAS score, 47/237 (19.8%) participants were found to be highly anxious related to dental procedures. 34.6% of the participants showed to have a high sedation need while performing a dental procedure. The sedation need was found to be significantly associated with the female gender with a significant p value of (p=0.016), higher education status (p=0.016), and history of previous traumatic dental experience (p < 0.001). A simple assessment tool can enable clinicians in their decision making to identify patients in need for dental treatment under sedation based on patient-specific risk factors such as past traumatic dental experiences. Need for sedation can be assessed by information on patient anxiety level towards dental treatment, medical history, and complexity of planned dental treatment. The IOSN tool is a simple and quick assessment tool that can be applied for preprocedural assessment of sedation need for dental treatment.
To provide reference basis for reducing the mortality for children under 5 years old and promote the healthy development, the mortality for children under 5 years old and the main causes for death in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 are analyzed. The data of 725 cases of death for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 were collected.The causes and difference of death among the children were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive statistic methods. There were a total of 144 516 live births in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020. The mortality for children under 5 years old was 5.01‰, for infants was 3.39‰, and for newborns was 1.63‰. The male child mortality was 5.28‰, and the female child mortality rate was 4.72‰, with significant difference (P>0.05). The mortality for children under 5 years old was seasonal fluctuation, without significant difference among seasons (P>0.05). For the past 5 years, the top 3 causes for death among children under 5 years old were preterm birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease, and pneumonia. Before death, 341 cases (47.04%) were treated in provincial hospitals, 198 cases (27.31%) in county-level hospitals, 56 cases (7.72%) in village-level hospitals, and 130 cases (17.93%) were not treated. The mortality for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City is gradually reduced in the past 5 years. The main causes for death are premature birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease and pneumonia. We should develop healthy education, improve the rate of prenatal diagnosis, promote the construction of obstetrics and paediatrics, and fundamentally reduce the mortality for children under 5 years old.
To quantify ChatGPT's concordance with expert Otolaryngologists when posed with high-level questions that require blending rote memorization and critical thinking. Cross-sectional survey. OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 Platform. Two board-certified otolaryngologists (HZ, RS) input 2 sets of 30 text-based questions (open-ended and single-answer multiple-choice) into the ChatGPT-3.5 model. Responses were rated on a scale (correct, partially correct, incorrect) by each Otolaryngologist working simultaneously with the AI model. Interrater agreement percentage was based on binomial distribution for calculating the 95% confidence intervals and performing significance tests. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05 for 2-sided tests. In testing open-ended questions, the ChatGPT model had 56.7% of initially answering questions with complete accuracy, and 86.7% chance of answer with some accuracy (corrected agreement = 80.1%; P < .001). For repeat questions, ChatGPT improved to 73.3% with complete accuracy and 96.7% with some accuracy (corrected agreement = 88.8%; P < .001). For multiple-choice questions, the ChatGPT model performed substantially worse (43.3% correct). ChatGPT currently does not provide reliably accurate responses to sophisticated questions in Otolaryngology. Professional societies must be aware of the potential of this tool and prevent unscrupulous use during test-taking situations and consider guidelines for clinical scenarios. Expert clinical oversight is still necessary for myriad use cases (eg, hallucination).
To quantify the accuracy of Dolphin Imaging software in predicting soft tissue changes of Class II Division 1 incisor relationship treated by all first premolar extraction compared with actual changes. Pretreatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 30 young adult subjects (25 females and 5 males; age range of 16 to 21 years) were imported and traced in Dolphin Imaging software (version 11.95). Tracings of actual treatment results and the Dolphin predicted treatment outcome were superimposed to calculate the prediction errors. The mean difference for the Holdaway soft tissue analysis and at each landmark was measured in both the X and Y axes. Paired t test was used to compare the statistical differences in Holdaway soft tissue analysis parameters. There were significant differences between the predicted and actual values in three parameters of the Holdaway soft tissue analysis (P < 0.05). The overall accuracy of estimation was better in vertical direction than horizontal. Prediction of upper and lower lip landmarks was overestimated horizontally and underestimated vertically, whereas that belonging to chin was underestimated horizontally and overestimated vertically. Soft tissue nasion and soft tissue A-point were most accurately predicted, whereas the least accuracy was found in soft tissue chin region. Dolphin Imaging Software (version 11.95) can be accurate enough for use in patient communication and education but should be used with caution. It is most accurate in predicting soft tissue changes in the nasion and A-point regions, but least accurate in chin region.
To quantify the evolution, impact, and importance of normative data (ND) calculation by identifying trends in the research literature and what approaches need improvement. A PRISMA-guideline systematic review was performed on literature from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed, Pub-Psych, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included scientific articles about ND in neuropsychological tests with clear data analysis, published in any country, and written in English or Spanish. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Bibliometric analysis was used to examine the growth, productivity, journal dispersion, and impact of the topic. VOSViewer compared keyword co-occurrence networks between 1952-1999 and 2000-2022. Four hundred twelve articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most studied predictors were age, education, and sex. There were a greater number of studies/projects focusing on adults than children. The Verbal Fluency Test (12.7%) was the most studied test, and the most frequently used variable selection strategy was linear regression (49.5%). Regression-based approaches were widely used, whereas the traditional approach was still used. ND were presented mostly in percentiles (44.2%). Bibliometrics showed exponential growth in publications. Three journals (2.41%) were in the Core Zone. VOSViewer results showed small nodes, long distances, and four ND-related topics from 1952 to 1999, and there were larger nodes with short connections from 2000 to 2022, indicating topic spread. Future studies should be conducted on children's ND, and alternative statistical methods should be used over the widely used regression approaches to address limitations and support growth of the field.
To quantify unused opioids among adult and pediatric patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) or ambulatory care settings with a prescription for acute pain. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and the gray literature from inception to April 29, 2021. We included observational studies in which any patient with an acutely painful condition received a prescription for an opioid on discharge from an outpatient care setting, and unused opioids were quantified. Two reviewers screened records for eligibility, extracted data, and conducted the quality assessment. Where possible, we pooled data and otherwise described the results of studies narratively. Total unused prescriptions were synthesized using a weighted average. Random effects models were used, and heterogeneity was measured by the I2 statistic. Our primary outcome was the quantity of unused opioid medication available after receiving a prescription for acute pain. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients with unused opioids following a prescription, the proportion of patients using no opioids, morphine equivalents of unused opioids, and factors associated with leftover opioids. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 studies in emergency and ambulatory care settings, 59.6% of prescribed opioids remained unused; pediatric patients had 69.3% of their prescriptions remaining, compared to 54.6% among adult patients. The highest proportion of unused opioids was found following dental extractions (82.6%). More than 50% of opioids remain unused following prescriptions for acute pain. Responsible prescribing must be accompanied by education on safer use, storage, and disposal.