Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Purpose Machine learning algorithms were hypothesized as being able to predict the quality of colonoscopy luminal images. This is to enhance training and quality indicators in endoscopy. Methods A separate study involving a randomized controlled trial of capped vs. un-capped colonoscopies provided the colonoscopy videos for this study. Videos were analyzed with an algorithm devised by the Australian Institute for Machine Learning. The image analysis validated focus measure, steerable filters-based metrics (SFIL), was used to assess luminal visualization quality and was compared with two independent clinician assessments (C1 and C2). Goodman and Kruskal's gamma (G) measure was used to assess rank correlation data using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 500 random colonoscopy video clips were extracted and analyzed, 88 being excluded. SFIL scores matched with C1 in 45% and C2 in 42% of cases, respectively. There was a significant correlation between SFIL and C1 (G = 0.644, p < 0.005) and SFIL and C2 (G = 0.734, p < 0.005). Conclusion This study demonstrates that machine learning algorithms can recognize the quality of luminal visualization during colonoscopy. We intend to apply this in the future to enhance colonoscopy training and as a metric for quality assessment.
Purpose Patient and person-centered care are often used interchangeably. The abbreviation PCC is used in this paper in instances where patient/person centered care reflects the definition of person-centeredness. The purpose of this study was to assess how PCC is taught and evaluated in entry-level dental hygiene education programs to prepare graduates for future collaborations with oher health care pprofessionals in a wide range of practice settings.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 10-item survey emailed to directors of 325 accredited, entry-level dental hygiene education programs in the United States in December 2021. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Associations with curriculum settings, teaching, and evaluation methods for PCC, according to program degrees granted, were tested with Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests.Results The response rate was 23% (n=75). Seventy percent offered an associate degree (AS) and 29% offered a baccalareate degree (BS); 42% reported more than half of their curriculum is allocated to teaching PCC. Didactic lectures (100%), case presentations (97%), and clinical instruction (97%) were the most common methods used for teaching PCC. Baccalaureate programs used external rotations more than associate programs for teaching and evaluation of PCC (84.2% vs. 45.5%; p<0.01). The most common PCC terms used in Quality Assurance Plans included providing individualized care (99%) and delivering evidence-based care (91%). Ninety-three percent strongly agree-agree that teaching PCC prepares graduates for working in different settings (e.g., schools, nursing homes, etc. ), and 82% strongly agree-agree that PCC prepares graduates to work with a variety of providers.Conclusion The allocation of curricula time for PCC varied widely across respondents. Conversely, the majority felt their graduates were well-prepared to work in different settings where both PCC and IPP are likely to be practiced. This study serves as a baseline for further analysis of how dental hygiene education is preparing graduates for future practice settings.
Purpose The intent of this inquiry was to explore the lived experiences of dental hygienists who provide restorative patient care.Methods Phenomenology was the qualitative approach used. Purposive sampling ensured participants had relevant experiences. An Interview Guide was emailed one week prior to the interview to help participants prepare responses. Informed consent included selecting a pseudonym, which was used throughout the interview and on the written transcript to protect the participants' identities. One-hour semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded on Zoom. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously. Verbatim transcription accuracy was verified. Data were initially coded and then focused coding created themes. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results After eight interviews data saturation was achieved. Seven females and one male participated. All participants experienced a restorative curriculum in their entry-level program and most felt well-prepared. The motivation for becoming a restorative dental hygienist included having positive restorative experiences during the entry-level program, wanting to keep restorative skills current after graduation, and having an opportunity to provide restorative care. Challenges experienced included the dentists' negative attitudes, dental hygienists' not valuing restorative abilities and not having a qualified dental assistant. Personal benefits were related to career fulfillment. Benefits to patients involved improving access, efficiency, and convenience. The benefit to the office was increased production. Differences between restorative and preventive care involved demands of care and patient care flow.Conclusion The findings provide insight into the unique experiences of dental hygienists who provided restorative patient care and a foundation for future research.
Purpose This study aims to give an insight in clinical reasoning (diagnosis and intervention) of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the Netherlands for children with speech sound disorder (SSD). Method The study featured a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) design. Semistructured interviews containing nondirective, open-ended questions were conducted with 33 SLPs, which were analyzed using a constant comparative analysis. Other SLPs (137) filled out a questionnaire on the same topics. Multiple-choice questions were analyzed by descriptive frequencies, while open-ended questions were analyzed thematically. Results The results indicate that SLPs use a variety of assessments to diagnose SSD, complemented by observation and, often, case history. In total, 85 different diagnostic labels were reported. The choice of intervention is based on what is appealing to the child and what matches his or her age as well as on the specific diagnosis and severity. Interventions are used for multiple speech disorders, and according to SLPs, parents play a large role in diagnostics and intervention. Conclusion These results reveal the need for (a) a clear and consistent terminology of diagnoses in the field of pediatric SSD, (b) a fast and easy-to-administer comprehensive differential diagnostic instrument in combination with an instrument to assess participation in everyday life, and (c) a tool to conduct a case history online.
Purpose This study delves into the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and its link to precancerous lesions among perimenopausal (40-59 years) and elderly (60-65 years) women in a Chinese county with a notably high incidence of cervical cancer. By uniquely focusing on these age groups in underdeveloped regions, the research aims to offer novel strategies for the management and prevention of cervical cancer. It seeks to inform targeted interventions and public health policies that could significantly benefit women at heightened risk for HPV, addressing a critical gap in current prevention efforts in economically disadvantaged communities. Methods This observational study was conducted at the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Centre in Lueyang County, from September 2021 to January 2022. It assessed 2008 women aged 40-65 for HPV screening, with 342 undergoing further cytological examination. The study evaluated the prevalence of HPV infection across different age groups and risk categories. It utilized a questionnaire to collect participants' basic information, health behaviors, and other relevant data to analyze factors influencing HR-HPV infection. Statistical analyses comprised chi-square tests, trend analysis, logistic regression, and multiple imputation techniques to address missing data. Results The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among women aged 40-65 years in Lueyang County was 18.43%. Older women exhibited a higher incidence of HPV infection, abnormal ThinPrep Cytology Test (TCT) results (Shaanxi Fu'an Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Baoji City, China), and low/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL) (P<0.05). The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes in the overall, perimenopausal, and elderly groups were HPV-52, -53, and -58; HPV-52, -53, and -16; and HPV-58, -52, and -53, respectively. The prevalent HR-HPV genotypes in the abnormal The Bethesda System (TBS) results were HPV-16, -52, -33, -58; -16, -52, -58; and-16, -33, and -52. HPV-16, -18, -33 prevalence increased with increasing lesion severity (P<0.05). In this study, factors affecting HR-HPV in the three age groups were found to be mainly related to sexual behavior and education level, including history of lower genital tract diseases, multiple pregnancies, contraceptive methods without tubal ligation, age at first marriage greater than 18 years, never washing the vulva after sex, abstinence from sex, education level of junior high school or above, and spouse's education level of high school or above. Conclusions These findings suggest that the elevated rate of abnormal TBS in the older age group may be attributed to the higher prevalence of persistent infection-prone HR-HPV genotypes (HPV-58, -52, and-53), multiple infections, and potent oncogenic HR-HPV genotypes (HPV-16 and -33). Additionally, the higher HR-HPV prevalence in older patients may be related to lower education attainment, reduced screening rate, and limited condom usage. Therefore, strategies targeting perimenopausal and older women should prioritize enhancing health awareness, increasing screening rates, and encouraging condom utilization.
Purpose To develop a deep learning model for increasing cardiac cine frame rate while maintaining spatial resolution and scan time. Materials and Methods A transformer-based model was trained and tested on a retrospective sample of cine images from 5840 patients (mean age, 55 years ± 19 [SD]; 3527 male patients) referred for clinical cardiac MRI from 2003 to 2021 at nine centers; images were acquired using 1.5- and 3-T scanners from three vendors. Data from three centers were used for training and testing (4:1 ratio). The remaining data were used for external testing. Cines with downsampled frame rates were restored using linear, bicubic, and model-based interpolation. The root mean square error between interpolated and original cine images was modeled using ordinary least squares regression. In a prospective study of 49 participants referred for clinical cardiac MRI (mean age, 56 years ± 13; 25 male participants) and 12 healthy participants (mean age, 51 years ± 16; eight male participants), the model was applied to cines acquired at 25 frames per second (fps), thereby doubling the frame rate, and these interpolated cines were compared with actual 50-fps cines. The preference of two readers based on perceived temporal smoothness and image quality was evaluated using a noninferiority margin of 10%. Results The model generated artifact-free interpolated images. Ordinary least squares regression analysis accounting for vendor and field strength showed lower error (P < .001) with model-based interpolation compared with linear and bicubic interpolation in internal and external test sets. The highest proportion of reader choices was "no preference" (84 of 122) between actual and interpolated 50-fps cines. The 90% CI for the difference between reader proportions favoring collected (15 of 122) and interpolated (23 of 122) high-frame-rate cines was -0.01 to 0.14, indicating noninferiority. Conclusion A transformer-based deep learning model increased cardiac cine frame rates while preserving both spatial resolution and scan time, resulting in images with quality comparable to that of images obtained at actual high frame rates. Keywords: Functional MRI, Heart, Cardiac, Deep Learning, High Frame Rate Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
Purpose To provide an overview on education, training, practice requirements, and fields of application of neurosonology in Europe and beyond. Materials and Methods National representatives and experts in neurosonology were surveyed regarding neurosonology requirements and practice in their countries. Descriptive statistics were used to report the data. Results Between February 1 and March 31, 2023, 42/46 (91.3%) national representatives responded to our questionnaire and the completion rate was 100%. Most countries (71.4%) offer a neurosonology training program during neurology residency, but it is part of the undergraduate medical program only in 30.9%. National certification is available in 47.6% of the countries surveyed and most countries (76.2%) require certification to practice. In 50% of the countries, candidates are assessed by a board examination, while in 26.2% they just need to document their practice. There is no formal accreditation of neurosonology centers in 78.6% of the countries surveyed. Only a few require certified personnel and appropriate equipment. Adequate teaching and research activities are only rarely necessary elements for laboratory accreditation. Conclusion Our results indicate that there is a substantial need for transnational harmonization of neurosonological standards to guarantee uniformity and quality of performance. This survey will also provide guidance to promote an international accrediting council and create a quality-controlled laboratory network for implementing neurosonology in clinical trials.
Purpose: Canadian resident physicians carry large debt to finance their education, which impacts their wellness and their future decision making. The objective of this observational study is to assess the financial literacy of Canadian radiology residents through testing their financial knowledge and examining their current financial status. Methods: A survey was designed to assess the financial literacy and current financial status of radiology residents, which was distributed to Canadian radiology residents via Google Forms. Descriptive analyses on preliminary data and the association between level of training and financial quiz scores were obtained. Results: 104 valid responses from 16 universities were received. The majority (53%) of residents indicated that their debt was greater than $150 000. Residents on average scored 71% on the financial quiz and the scores were not associated with training level (P = .71). The majority (89%) of residents indicated a strong interest in a formal financial literacy curriculum, with 80% preferring a physician-led curriculum. Conclusion: Overall, residents face a high debt burden. Current resident physicians value a formal financial literacy curriculum as a part of their residency program despite existing financial knowledge. Most importantly, residents feel that a curriculum created with involvement of other physicians would be optimal.
Purpose: The model of physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO) provides an integrative and interdisciplinary view on competencies that are necessary when people want to lead a healthy, physically active lifestyle. Given the need to accumulate potential further evidence on the validity of this model through the development of an assessment tool, the goal of the present study was to extend first measurement models on PAHCO. Method: In Study 1, a measurement model with five predictors on PAHCO was tested with 341 COPD patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. In Study 2, data from 745 apprentices were used to create an extended eight-factor measurement model. We undertook reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the validity of the models. Results: The analyses showed good results for the reliability and discriminant validity of the factors. Accordingly, the CFA demonstrated satisfactory overall fits for the five-factor as well as for the extended eight-factor measurement model. The associations with physical activity and physical health parameters indicated criterion validity for seven of the eight PAHCO factors. The explained variance of the multivariate models lay between 9.8% and 10.4% in Study 1 and between 9.5% and 21.3% in Study 2. Conclusion: In the present study, it was possible to extract a well-fitting, eight-factor measurement model and accumulate further evidence on the validity of the PAHCO model. Future research should strive for a cross-validation of the measurement model and more deeply investigate the internal structure of the eight factors.
Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to investigate effects of different assistive technology service delivery processes (AT-SDPs) for people with functional limitations, including investigation of factors associated with positive outcomes.Materials and methods: The study was registered in PROSPERO, registration number CRD42018097030. Included were quantitative studies published in peer reviewed journals: randomized controlled trials, cohort, case-control and analytical cross-sectional studies investigating effects of different AT-SDPs or factors associated with the AT-SDP and with n ≥ 10 participants. A systematic literature search was carried out in the databases PsycINFO, CINAHL, SSCI and Medline from 1 January 2008 to 25 July 2018. Besides, four journals were hand searched. The Joanna Briggs Institute MAStARI Critical Appraisal Tools were utilized to assess the risk of bias.Results: The search resulted in a total of 2947 references of which 12 articles representing 10 studies were included. Five studies were experimental, two were cohort, and five were cross-sectional studies.Conclusions: This systematic review confirms previous findings that assistive technology users should be involved in the AT-SDP in order to achieve positive outcomes. The level of evidence is, however, low, and it is not clear which of the applied methods are most effective. The review also gives some indication that new technologies could be used to improve the AT-SDP and reduce costs and that training in using the assistive devices seems to be useful. Even though some evidence of effective AT-SDP methods has been identified, more research is still needed to give valid recommendations to AT-SDP practice.Implications for rehabilitationAssistive technology users should be involved in the AT-SDP in order to achieve positive outcomes, but it cannot be determined which methods are the most effective.New digital technologies could be used to improve the AT-SDP and reduce costs.Training of the users in using their devices is probably useful, but since no specific methods nor extent or dose can be recommended, the professionals still need to use their clinical experience and reasoning to assess the user's needs for training.
Purpose: The purpose of our study was to identify whether different aspects of social media use were associated with substance use among middle- and high school-aged youth. Methods: Participants were recruited from four Northeast U.S. middle schools and invited to complete an online survey in Fall 2019 and Fall 2020. We conducted separate adjusted logistic mixed effects models the substance use outcomes: ever use of alcohol, cannabis, e-cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, prescription drugs, and multiple substances. Our sample included N = 586 participants (52.7% female, 58% White). Results: Seeing a social media post about drugs/alcohol in the past-12-months was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using alcohol, cannabis, e-cigarettes, and multiple substance use. Total number of social media sites ever used was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using cannabis, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and multiple substances. Checking social media every hour or more was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using alcohol. Higher problematic internet use score was significantly associated with higher odds of ever using cannabis, e-cigarettes, and multiple substances. Online social support seeking score was not associated substance use. Conclusions: Our findings support the need for substance use prevention and social media literacy education and screening to begin early, ideally in elementary school before youth are using social media and substances.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze associations between the oral health literacy of refugees and two oral health outcomes: dental care utilization and oral health self-efficacy.Methods: A convenience sample of refugees in the greater Los Angeles area attending English as a second language (ESL) classes sponsored by two refugee assistance organizations was used for this cross-sectional, correlational study. Participants responded to a questionnaire using items from the Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) scale, in addition to items concerning dental care utilization and oral health self-efficacy. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used to analyze results.Results: Sixty-two refugees volunteered to participate (n=62). A majority of the respondents were female from Iraq or Syria, and selected the item "with little difficulty" for all oral health literacy tasks. In regards to dental care utilization, more than half of the respondents were considered high utilizers (63%, n=34) meaning they had visited a dental office within the last year; while a little more than one-third (37%, n=20), were low utilizers, indicating they had either never been to a dental office or it had been more than one year since they had dental treatment. Statistical analysis showed associations between oral health literacy and dental care utilization. However, few associations between oral health literacy and oral health self-efficacy were identified (p=0.0045).Conclusions: Results support the provision of easily obtainable and understandable oral health information to increase oral health literacy and dental care utilization among refugee populations. Future research is needed to examine the oral health literacy among refugees resettling in the United States.