Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
This study compared commonly used methods for calculating left ventricular wall stress with the finite element analysis and evaluated different approaches to strain estimation. We sought to improve the accuracy of contractance estimation by developing a novel stress equation. Multiple methods for calculating LV contractile stress and strain exist. Contractance is derived from stress and strain information and is a measure of myocardial work per unit volume of muscle. Precise stress and strain information are essential for its accurate evaluation. We compared widely used methods for stress and strain calculations across diverse clinical scenarios representing distinct types of left ventricular myocardial disease. Our analysis revealed significant discrepancies in both the stress and strain values obtained with different methods. However, a newly developed modified version of the Mirsky equation demonstrated close agreement with the finite element analysis results for circumferential stress, while the Lamé method produced results close to those of finite element analysis for longitudinal stress and improved contractance accuracy. This study highlights significant inconsistencies in stress and strain values calculated using different methods, emphasising the potential impact on contractance calculations and subsequent clinical interpretation. We recommend adopting the Lamé method for longitudinal stress assessment and the modified Mirsky equation for circumferential stress analysis. These methods offer a balance between accuracy and feasibility, making them advantageous for clinical practice. By adopting these recommendations, we can improve the accuracy of LV wall stress and strain estimates, leading to more dependable contractance calculations, better prognostication and improved clinical decisions. Accurately estimating myocardial stress and strain is of paramount significance in clinical practice because the calculation of the contractance, defined and quantified by myocardial active strain energy density, necessitates correct stress and strain data. Contractance, which assesses myocardial work per unit muscle volume, has emerged as a promising indicator of contractile function and a predictor of future risk. The new recommendations for calculating myocardial stress improve the reliability of calculating contractance and enhance the understanding of myocardial diseases.
This study compared the clinical experiences of foreign-trained dentists (FTDs) enrolled in an Advance Standing DMD Dental Program (DMDAS) with those of the domestic dental students (DMD) at the University of Illinois Chicago, College of Dentistry (UIC-COD). A cross-sectional retrospective chart review of patients treated by 295 DMD and 253 DMDAS predoctoral dental students was completed at the UIC-COD. The data were retrieved from the electronic health record system (axiUm) for the graduated classes of 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 on various performed clinical procedures as measured by relative value units (RVUs). The retrieved data were used to compare the clinical experiences of DMDAS vs. DMD students. Descriptive (mean) and statistical (independent t-test) analyses were used (α = 0.05). The results indicated that DMD and DMDAS students had comparable clinical experiences in several disciplines, including diagnosis, prevention, direct/indirect restorations, endodontics, periodontics, complete dentures, removable partial dentures, implants/fixed partial dentures, and oral surgery. There was a statistical difference in total RVUs for diagnosis (p = 0.002) and direct restorations (p < 0.001), in which DMD students had more experience. The 28 month program for FTDs appeared to be a reasonable timeframe to obtain an adequate number of varied clinical experiences as compared with the traditional four-year program at the UIC-COD.
This study compares biomechanical and bioelectric electromyography (EMG) normalization techniques across disparate age cohorts during walking to assess the impact of normalization methods on the functional interpretation of EMG data. The biomechanical method involved scaling EMG to a target absolute torque (EMGTS) from a joint-specific task and the chosen bioelectric methods were peak and mean normalization taken from the EMG signal during gait, referred to as dynamic mean and dynamic peak normalization (EMGMean and EMGPeak). The effects of normalization on EMG amplitude, activation pattern, and inter-subject variability were compared between disparate cohorts, including OLD (76.6 yrs N = 12) and YOUNG (26.6 yrs N = 12), in five lower-limb muscles. EMGPeak normalization resulted in differences between YOUNG and OLD cohorts in Biceps Femoris (BF) and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) that were not observed with EMGMean or EMGTS normalization. EMGPeak and EMGMean normalization also demonstrated interactions between age and the phase of gait in BF that were not seen with EMGTS. Correlations showed that activation patterns across the gait cycle were similar between all methods for both age groups and the coefficient of variation comparisons found that EMGTS produced the greatest inter-subject variability. We have shown that the normalization technique can influence the interpretation of findings when comparing disparate populations, highlighting the need to carefully interpret functional differences in EMG between disparate cohorts.
This study compares experiences of occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) and other elementary school educators when supporting students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim is to establish collaborative methods for OTPs and other educators to support students with ADHD. Recommendations to overcome barriers to supporting students with ADHD are made based on study findings and current research. An online survey of OTPs and other educators was conducted. The survey asked about the barriers to supporting elementary students with ADHD, and the training resources that would improve the ability to support students with ADHD. Responses from 147 OTPs and 35 other educators were compared using two-sample proportion tests. The groups shared common barriers and preferences for training resources, however, statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were found in; 1) the barrier of limited knowledge and training about ADHD, with other educators being more limited by this barrier; and, 2) the preference for video formatted training, with other educators identifying a higher preference for this option. The data suggest that there is an opportunity for OTPs and other educators to collaboratively develop ADHD training videos for all educators to foster the success of elementary students with ADHD.
This study compares home-based oscillometry and spirometry for characterizing respiratory system disease in school-aged children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in clinical research. We hypothesized higher rates of successful completion and abnormal cases identified through oscillometry, with correlations between device measurements. Participants 6-12 years old with BPD in the ongoing Air Quality, Environment and Respiratory Outcomes in BPD (AERO-BPD) study performed oscillometry followed by spirometry at two separate home visits. Parameters measured included airway resistance at 5 Hz(R5), resistance from 5 to 19 Hz(R5-19), resonance frequency(Fres), reactance at 5 Hz(X5), area under the curve between Fres and X5(AX), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), and FEV1/FVC. Descriptive statistics identified the proportion of successful tests, correlation in measurements, and rate of lung disease for each device. Among 76 subjects with 120 paired observations, 95% and 71% of participants successfully performed oscillometry and spirometry, respectively, at home visit one. 98% and 77% successfully performed oscillometry and spirometry, respectively, at home visit two. Odds ratios favored oscillometry (range 5.31-10.13, p < 0.01). FEV1 correlated with AX (correlation coefficient r = -0.27, p = 0.03); FEV1/FVC with AX (r = -0.32, p = 0.02); and FEV1/FVC with R5 (r = -0.37, p = 0.01). AX exhibited the highest prevalence of abnormality at 25%; other oscillometry parameters ranged from 5%-22%. Forty-five to sixty-four percent of participants had abnormal spirometry. Oscillometry assessments had significantly lower odds of capturing lung disease (odds ratios 0.07-0.24, p < 0.0001). School-aged children with BPD demonstrated higher success rates in field-based oscillometry than spirometry. Spirometry exhibited higher rates of abnormality than oscillometry. Moderate correlation exists between device measurements.
This study compares pharmacy students' performance using face-to-face (FTF) team-based learning (TBL) vs. virtual TBL across multiple courses and different academic levels while accounting for student demographic and academic factors. The study included pharmacy students from different academic levels (P1-P3) who were enrolled in three didactic courses taught using FTF TBL and virtual TBL. Multiple generalized linear models (GLMs) were performed to compare students' performance on individual readiness assurance tests (iRATs), team readiness assurance tests (tRATs), team application exercises (tAPPs), summative exams, and total course scores using FTF TBL vs. virtual TBL, adjusting for students' age, sex, race, and cumulative grade point average (cGPA). The study involved a total of 356 pharmacy students distributed across different academic levels and learning modalities: P1 students [FTF TBL (n = 26), virtual TBL (n = 42)], P2 students [FTF TBL (n = 77), virtual TBL (n = 71)], and P3 students [FTF TBL (n = 65), virtual TBL (n = 75)]. In the P1 cohort, the virtual group had higher iRAT and tRAT scores but lower tAPP scores than the FTF TBL group, with no significant differences in summative exams or total course scores. For P2 students, the virtual TBL group had higher iRAT and tRAT scores but lower summative exam scores and total course scores than the FTF TBL group, with no significant differences in tAPP scores. In the P3 student group, the virtual TBL group had higher iRAT, tRAT, tAPP, summative exam, and total course scores than the FTF TBL group. Students' performance in virtual TBL vs. FTF TBL in the pharmacy didactic curriculum varies depending on the course content, academic year, and type of assessment.
This study considers residential segregation as a critical driver of racial/ethnic health disparities and introduces a proxy measure of segregation that estimates the degree of segregation at the census tract level with a metric capturing the overrepresentation of a racialized/ethnic group in a census tract in relation to that group's representation at the city level. Using Dallas, Texas as a pilot city, the measure is used to investigate mean life expectancy at birth for relatively overrepresented Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Asian census tracts and examine for significant differences between mean life expectancy in relatively overrepresented census tracts and that group's mean life expectancy at the state level. Multivariable linear regression analysis was utilized to assess how segregation measured at the census tract level associates with life expectancy across different racialized/ethnic groups, controlling for socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to expose the need to consider the possibility of neighborhood mechanisms beyond socioeconomic characteristics as an important determinant of health and draw attention to the importance of critically engaging the experience of place in examinations of racial and ethnic health disparities. Multivariable linear regression modeling resulted in significant findings for non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic white, and Asian groups, indicating increased census tract-level life expectancy for Black and white residents in highly segregated census tracts and decreased life expectancy for residents of tracts in which the Asian community is overrepresented when compared to state means. Unadjusted models demonstrated socioeconomic inequities between first and fourth quartile census tracts and pointed to the importance of mixed methods in health disparities research and the importance of including the voice of community members to account for places of daily lived experience and people's relationships with them.
This study considers the measurement of Statistical Literacy understanding that goes beyond the basic chance and data skills and knowledge in the mathematics curriculum. This understanding requires application of mathematical skills in a range of contextual situations and draws on aspects of statistics, such as variation and inference, which may not be explicit in the school curriculum. The study reports the outcomes from tests of Statistical Literacy given to 673 students from Grades 5 to 10. It confirms the nature and structure of a previously identified construct of Statistical Literacy and proposes three subgroups of items that address aspects of Statistical Literacy that might usefully be measured by classroom teachers.
This study delves into the contemporary landscape of potential financial inclusion in investment decision-making, leveraging bibliometric research methods. Analyzing 161 publications from the Scopus database (2006-2023), the authors employ performance analysis and scientific mapping tools, including VOSviewer and Biblioshiny R studio. Through co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, co-occurrence of keywords analysis, thematic mapping, and thematic evolution analysis, the study uncovers the essential characteristics of the research field. The Result underscores that Innovative financial technologies are positioned as enablers of financial inclusion, with fintech's potential to drive positive social impact. The findings underscore that fostering financial literacy, addressing challenges in fintech adoption, and supporting entrepreneurship are crucial for maximizing the benefits of financial technologies. Overall, the study advocates for a comprehensive approach that combines financial inclusion, individual attitudes, and expertise, and fintech innovation to enhance access to financial services and expand investment opportunities for a more inclusive and prosperous economic landscape. However, the study acknowledges limitations, such as reliance on a single database and exclusion of specific keywords, urging a more inclusive approach to ensure a comprehensive understanding of relevant literature in this dynamic field.
This study delves into the dynamic field of medical education research, emphasizing the integration of research training within medical curricula. It seeks to understand the impact of such integration on the competencies of future medical professionals. The primary aim is to systematically categorize and analyze the current trends and future directions in research training in medical education. This involves assessing the influence of research training on medical students' skills and the methodologies used in such research. The research employs an extensive bibliographic literature review across multiple databases. It classifies studies like experiential or case studies, editorials, and original research articles. This classification is based on criteria such as geographical location, research objectives, theoretical frameworks, and methodologies. Findings reveal a diverse landscape in medical education research, with a significant emphasis on research training. The research showcases varying methodologies and approaches used globally, highlighting the thematic focus and geographical distribution of these studies. Research training in medical education is a globally expansive and evolving field. It underscores the importance of continuous investigation, particularly focusing on integrating research elements at curricular levels and exploring innovative educational strategies. The study also points out potential research gaps, especially in underrepresented regions, indicating directions for future research efforts.
This study delves into the intricate dynamics of internet addiction among university students, leveraging a comprehensive quantitative approach to unravel the myriad factors influencing this modern-day malaise. Utilizing logistic regression analysis, this research delineates the predictive significance of Daily Internet Usage Time (DIUT) and Communicative Internet Use Frequency (CIUF) on the propensity for internet addiction, with the analysis substantiating these variables as potent predictors. The model elucidates a significant variance in internet addiction, affirming the complexity of internet addiction as influenced by a constellation of behavioral patterns. Amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic's exacerbation of digital dependency, this investigation sheds light on the escalation of internet use to addictive levels, prompted by prolonged isolation and the pivot to online learning platforms. This study underscores the resultant educational and psychological ramifications, highlighting a surge in addiction and its associated detriments such as diminished academic performance, social isolation, and a deterioration in mental health. Comparison of these findings with existing literature reveals a nuanced understanding of internet addiction, characterised by the interaction between individual behaviours and broader socio-economic and psychological contexts, such as the duration of daily internet use and the frequency of communicative internet use. This synthesis argues for a holistic strategy to address internet addiction, emphasizing the need for educational interventions, improving digital literacy and promoting healthy digital habits. By pinpointing the multifaceted nature of internet addiction and its predictors within the university student demographic, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on digital dependency, proposing a multidisciplinary approach to develop resilient academic environments and support systems. It underscores the urgent need for targeted research to identify predictive factors of internet addiction, thereby enabling the formulation of effective strategies and policies for mitigating its impact on students' academic and psychological well-being. This study not only captures the complexity of internet addiction but also provides critical insights crucial for developing informed educational strategies and interventions in the digital age.
This study delves into the intricate relationship between financial inclusion (FIC) and economic development (ED) within the context of QUAD nations, including the USA, Australia, India, and Japan. Using panel data spanning from 2000 to 2021, the research investigates this relationship by employing various statistical techniques. Initially, the Jarque-Bera (JB) normality test highlights the non-normal distribution of the data. Furthermore, the findings reveal varying slopes and cross-sectional interdependence among the variables, while the panel unit root test confirms their non-stationarity. Consequently, the adoption of the method of moment quantile regression is deemed appropriate for the analysis. The study's results uncover a negative association between FIC and total natural resource rent (TNRR), while renewable-energy usage (REU), ED, and foreign direct investment (FDI) exhibit a positive relationship with FIC. Notably, the impact of TNRR on FIC diminishes at higher quantiles, indicating a diminishing effect. Similarly, the influence of REU and ED on FIC also decreases at higher quantiles, suggesting a reduced contribution as other sectors gain prominence. Conversely, FDI positively affects FIC, with a more pronounced impact observed at higher quantiles. Policy recommendations for QUAD nations include enhancing FIC initiatives, promoting REU, fostering balanced ED, attracting FDI, and encouraging collaborative efforts among the nations. Furthermore, it is imperative for developing nations to implement widespread financial literacy programs specifically targeting vulnerable and marginalized populations, equipping individuals with essential knowledge to make informed financial decisions and gain access to formal financial services.
This study delves into the mental health experiences of Black male veterans, bridging their military service with the historical context of Black men's mental health. Amid limited literature on this demographic, qualitative methods, including focus groups, are utilized to gather nuanced insights. Themes such as mental health awareness gaps, diverse therapy encounters, familial and social stigmatization, and lacking support networks emerge. The study underscores the urgent need for heightened attention to this overlooked population within social work research, education, and practice. It advocates for an inclusive, culturally sensitive approach in social work, offering implications for practitioners, educators, and curriculum development tailored to the unique needs of Black male veterans. Despite constraints, this research provides vital perspectives, urging further inquiry and support initiatives to better comprehend and aid the mental well-being of Black male veterans.
This study describes moral judgment among first- and last-year nursing students in Finland and examines the effects of ethics teaching on the development of moral judgment. The data for this quantitative cross-sectional study were collected using the Defining Issues Test (DIT), which is based on Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning stages. The questionnaires were sent to four polytechnics, which offer nursing education in southern Finland. A total of 52 first-year students and 54 last-year students participated. The results showed that students who had had to deal with ethical dilemmas in their practical training had higher moral judgment than students who did not. Last-year students had higher moral judgment than first-year students. Last-year students resorted to principle-based thinking more often than first-year students in resolving DIT dilemmas. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. The results indicate that nursing education may has an effect upon students' moral judgment.
This study describes the conception, development, and growth of the Triage Cancer Conference hosted by Triage Cancer, a national nonprofit organization providing free legal and financial education to the cancer community. We conducted a retrospective analysis of post-conference participant surveys. Descriptive statistics were calculated for participant demographics, and acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness were evaluated. From 2016-2021, 1239 participants attended the conference and completed post-conference surveys. Participants included social workers (33%), nurses (30%), and cancer patients/survivors (21%), with representation from over 48 states. Among those who reported race, 16% were Black, and 7% were Hispanic. For acceptability, more than 90% of participants felt that the conference content, instructors, and format were suitable and useful. For feasibility, more than 90% of participants felt that the material was useful, with 93-96% reporting that they were likely to share the information and 98% reporting that they would attend another triage cancer event. Appropriateness was also high, with >80-90% reporting that the sessions met the pre-defined objectives. Triage Cancer fills an important gap in mitigating financial toxicity, and formal evaluation of these programs allows us to build evidence of the role and impact of these existing resources. Future research should focus on adding validated patient-reported outcomes, longer-term follow-up, and ensuring inclusion and evaluation of outcome metrics among vulnerable populations.