Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Introduction The activities and consultations undertaken by Māori health provider nurses are likely broad and operate within a Māori nursing model of care. However, there is little quantitative evidence to document and describe these encounters with clients. The Omaha coding system provides a mechanism in which to quantify nursing encounters through classifying client problems by domain, interventions and specific targets relating to interventions. Aim The aim of this study was to document the types of encounters and interventions undertaken by Māori health provider nurses. Methods An audit was undertaken of patient encounters occurring within a Māori health provider between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020. Encounters were randomly selected and problems, activities and interventions coded utilising the Omaha coding system. Simple descriptive statistics were used. Results A total of 5897 nurse-client encounters occurred over the study period. Overall, 61% of the audited nurse-client encounters related to the physiological domain and only 6% of encounters were related to the psychosocial domain. And 29% of nursing interventions involved teaching/guiding/counselling and a further 29% of interventions were case management. Discussion The wide variety of conditions seen and the number of interventions carried out indicate the broad scope of Māori health provider nurses. However, there were likely undocumented problems, which could reflect the medicalisation of the electronic health record. Redesigning electronic health records to apply more of a nursing and Māori health provider lens may facilitate more inclusive ways of documentation.
Introduction The adverse effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on maternal and reproductive health extend beyond the immediate morbidity and mortality attributed directly to the disease. Pandemic-induced disruptions in the healthcare, social and economic infrastructures can exacerbate the already high burden of childhood undernutrition in India. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected district of the central Indian province of Madhya Pradesh. Data was collected from eligible children born during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020 to December 2021) who visited a selected tertiary care hospital for routine immunization during the study period. Weight-for-length, weight-for-age, and length-for-age were compared with reference values to obtain corresponding z-scores. Children with z-scores two standard deviations below the reference values were considered wasting, underweight and stunting, respectively. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarise the sociodemographic characteristics of participants. The association of sociodemographic, nutritional, and pregnancy-related factors with the z-scores were assessed via unpaired t-test and ANOVA. Result The studied 147 children were in the age group of nine to 29 months, of which 61 (58.1%) were males. Forty-two (28.6%) were found to be underweight, 22 (14.9%) had wasting and 51 (34.7%) were stunted. These prevalences were comparable to the estimates of the National Family Health Survey 2019-2021 (NFHS-5) for Madhya Pradesh and lower than the NFHS-4 (2015-2016), showing no discernible effect of being born during the pandemic on growth indicators. However, mothers' employment and family income were independent predictors of stunting whereas gestational age at birth, maternal education, and prolonged breastfeeding were all substantially linked with wasting in this study. Conclusion This study adds to the evidence base by reporting the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight along with their determinants in central India among children born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data did not reflect the expected increase in child malnutrition due to the COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions in healthcare, social and economic infrastructure. Future research should incorporate the lessons learnt from our study to design a population-based study of under-five children and compare the prevalence of undernutrition in pandemic-born versus non-pandemic-born children.
Introduction The calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone, accounting for up to 60% of tarsal bone fractures and 2% of all fractures in the body. With the calcaneus playing an important role in maintaining a stable and efficient bipedal gait, the sequelae of these injuries have also been associated with potential long-term disability or discomfort, especially if improperly managed. Incorrectly sized implants similarly cause their own set of complications, such as poor fixation, impingement, or implant prominence. This potentially increases the need for revision surgery or implant removal, with increased morbidity for the patient. As such, a thorough understanding of calcaneal morphology is vital to ensure optimal conservative and surgical management of calcaneal pathology. CT imaging has become an indispensable tool in the evaluation of such a complex three-dimensional structure and allows us to accurately map out calcaneal morphology. This study aims to evaluate calcaneal morphology in the Southeast Asian population using CT imaging and to determine if morphological differences exist between male and female patients. Methods Calcaneus measurements were taken from CT scans of 100 patients with intact calcanei, consisting of 34 female and 66 male patients. Patients who have had fractures or previous calcaneus surgery were excluded. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical calculations. Mean values were calculated, and t-tests were performed to establish any significant differences between measurements taken from male and female patients. Results were deemed to have a significant difference if the p-value was less than 0.05. Results Males had larger calcanei measurements than females in all parameters included. Calcaneal length in females measured on CT axial views was 66.2 mm, compared to 75.2 mm in males (p < 0.001). Calcaneal height, measured at the medial wall, was 28.2 mm in females and 33.9 mm in males (p < 0.001). Calcaneal height measured at the lateral wall was 33.3 mm and 38.1 mm in females and males, respectively (p > 0.001). Calcaneal width was 33.0 mm in females and 36.9 mm in males (p < 0.001). The mean dimensions measured in the total sample were an axial length of 72.1 mm, a medial wall height of 32.0 mm, a lateral wall height of 36.4 mm, and a width of 35.6 mm. Conclusion There is a significant difference in calcaneal morphology on CT imaging between male and female patients in the Southeast Asian population, which is an important consideration for surgical planning and the selection of appropriately sized implants.
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption in clinical placements of medical students in the United Kingdom (UK), including trauma and orthopaedic surgery (T&O) rotations. Based on the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) undergraduate syllabus, a 12-week online teaching program was designed to supplement T&O teaching for medical students across the UK while lockdown and social-distancing restrictions were in place. This study aims to describe the process of designing an online teaching program, evaluate the effectiveness of online education, explore medical student perceptions of the virtual learning environment, and report the lessons learned from this 12-week online program. Methods The "Crash Course in Orthopaedics" consisted of 12 webinars, with topics covering a range of acute and chronic T&O conditions, and was delivered through the online platform Zoom. Attendees were invited to complete a post-course questionnaire retrospectively and the results were used in this study. Qualitative data was assessed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were presented as descriptive statistics. Results The webinar series was attended by approximately 5150 participants, with the largest demographic group being clinical medical students (49%). Results from the survey revealed three broad themes which were: 1). Interactivity: question + answer (Q+A), multiple choice questions (MCQs), online tools 2). Content: case examples, orthopaedic examinations, objective structure clinical examination (OSCE) tips  3). Accessibility: slides, recordings, duration of the session. Our study found that the online teaching program improved students' clinical knowledge of T&O and they found learning through interactive methods such as polls, the chat function on zoom, and case-based discussions to be most useful. Also, from the results of this study, a guide on "How to Run a Successful Webinar Series for Medical Students" was developed. Conclusion Online webinars effectively supplement T&O teaching and experience for medical students whose T&O placements were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results will be a helpful guide to those planning medical education webinars in the future.
Introduction The demographic shift in the age profile of the UK is now well established. Older people have more complex requirements to maintain their oral health and appropriate training is required to provide good-quality oral and dental care. This research aimed to review the training in gerodontology currently being provided to undergraduate dental and dental hygiene therapy (DHT) students in the UK.Methods Quantitative data were generated through completion of an online questionnaire, emailed to the directors of dental education in each of the UK dental (n = 16) and DHT schools (n = 21). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics V26.Results There was a response rate of 37.5% from dental schools and 61.9% from DHT schools. Although gerodontology was being taught in every school that responded, it was only a standalone course in 16.7% of dental schools and 7.7% of DHT schools that responded. While all respondents reported a theoretical component, only 50% of dental schools and 53.8% of DHT schools reported providing clinical experience. Moreover, 33.3% of dental schools and 15.4% of DHT schools reported closely following the European curriculum guidelines in gerodontology.Conclusions The current training in gerodontology is not standardised across either dental or DHT schools in the UK and there seems to be a lack of awareness of the recommended European guidelines. The findings from this research demonstrate that future improvements in gerodontology training are still required for this to be achieved.
Introduction The integration of technology in pharmacy education has led to significant changes, making it essential to examine its impact on student learning outcomes. With the rise of emerging technologies, such as game-based learning and augmented reality, new pedagogical approaches have been introduced. However, these technologies also bring challenges that necessitate well-thought-out responses from educational institutions, especially considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on learning formats. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with pharmacy students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, utilizing stratified random sampling for data collection. The study employed a validated questionnaire to gather information on students' use of technology, their preferences, and their perceived learning outcomes. The analysis was carried out using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 29) (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY), ensuring adherence to the ethical standards set by the institutional review board. Results The study, involving 508 pharmacy students from Saudi Arabia, revealed that a significant majority regularly use technology in their education, particularly online learning management systems and virtual labs, indicating a shift toward more accessible and efficient learning methods. A notable portion of the students acknowledged the beneficial impact of technology on their learning, with 86.3% reporting improved knowledge retention, 92% noting enhanced skills, and 87.1% observing better academic performance. However, the study also uncovered challenges, with about half of the students facing issues mainly related to distractions while finding technological complexity less problematic. The support from educational institutions in addressing these issues was found to be moderate. These findings underscore the crucial role of technology in enhancing pharmacy education while highlighting the need for more comprehensive institutional support and strategic planning to address the challenges faced by students. Conclusions Technology plays a vital role in the modernization of pharmacy education, significantly aiding in knowledge retention, skill development, and academic performance. Despite the widespread use of technology, the varied experiences and challenges encountered by students underscore the need for increased institutional support and strategic planning. Education must adapt alongside technological advancements to cater to the diverse needs of learners, highlighting the importance of further research into the long-term effects and optimal strategies for technology integration in pharmacy education.
Introduction The lens, essential for vision, can be impaired by cataracts, leading to partial or complete reversible vision loss. Common risk factors include aging, diabetes, and steroid use, with significant financial implications. Limited awareness in Saudi Arabia necessitates further research to reduce cataract prevalence and increase knowledge about steroid-induced cataracts. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study in Al Ahsa City, Saudi Arabia that aims to assess awareness of cataracts induced by long-term steroid use. Data was collected via an online survey and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Our study results show that 69.8% (n=291) of participants were female, and 30.2% (n=126) were male, with the majority (62.6%, n=261) having a university education. Notably, 91.1% (n=380) reported no steroid use, while 8.9% (n=37) reported long-term use, and 10.1% (n=42) used steroids topically. There are moderate awareness levels regarding cataract and steroid associations, with 68.1% (n=284) recognizing topical steroids as the common culprits. Logistic regression highlighted the positive correlation between knowledge of cataract risks due to steroid use and actual steroid use, corroborated by a notable 73.0% (n=27) steroid usage among high-awareness individuals. Conclusion Our study underscores moderate awareness regarding steroid-related cataract risks in Al Ahsa City. Educational status significantly influenced understanding, highlighting the importance of targeted health education initiatives.
Introduction The maternity care curriculum guidelines of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) state that family medicine residents (FMRs) should demonstrate the ability to independently perform limited obstetric ultrasound (OBUS) examinations as a core skill. This study's purpose is to examine whether basic OBUS training enhances the knowledge and confidence of FMRs in performing OBUS. Methods This is a Sparrow Institutional Review Board (IRB)-exempt prospective study that was completed at the Sparrow/Michigan State University (MSU) Family Medicine Residency Program (FMRP) in Michigan between December 2020 and December 2021, involving 40 residents. Assessment of knowledge and confidence in performing OBUS was completed prior to and following the training sessions. For training, an online lecture and two separate hands-on sessions with a pregnant patient were completed. Training materials by Prof. Dr. Mark Deutchman and the University of Washington (UoW) were used. Paired T-test was used for statistical analysis, and a p-value of <0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. Results Thirty-two pre- and 25 post-training questionnaires were collected from the target group. Of the respondents, 92% (n=23) indicated that training increased their confidence levels in performing OBUS. The percentage of reported confidence level of 1 or 2 in performing OBUS (on a Likert scale of 5, with 5 as the highest confidence level) decreased by 60% post-training (p<0.001). Levels 3, 4, and 5 in confidence level were increased. According to the respondents, an increased confidence level in OBUS is helpful for improving trust and rapport between the provider and the patient (92%, n=23), boosting the provider's diagnostic abilities (80%, n=20), improving patient satisfaction (76%, n=19), and decreasing healthcare costs (44%, n=11). Conclusion The basic OBUS training sessions improved the knowledge and confidence of residents in interpreting and performing OBUS; therefore, more OBUS training is needed during the residency.
Introduction The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus pathology and pose a challenge during endoscopic surgeries. Objective The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of nasal septum variants in adult Nigerians. Methods The present study was performed at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, following ethical approval. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan images of 336 adults were evaluated for nasal septum variants. The angle of the deviated nasal septum was measured, and the severity was classified. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The angle of deviation was presented in means and standard deviation. Frequencies of the variants were presented in percentages. The Student t -test was used to compare the angle of deviation, while the chi-squared test was used to compare the frequencies in the different groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of straight and deviated nasal septum was 59.5% and 40.5%, respectively. Deviation was predominant in females (46%) and, more frequently, of moderate severity (75%). The angle of deviation was significantly larger in males (12.55 ± 2.99°) than in females (11.13 ± 2.41°; p = 0.003). Nasal spur had a prevalence of 11.9%, and its coexistence with deviated nasal septum was observed in 5.06%. Septal pneumatization was seen in 10 patients (3%). Conclusion Deviation of the nasal septum occurred more in females and toward the left; however, the angle of deviation was significantly higher in males. Nasal septal spur and pneumatization were the least prevalent variants.
Introduction The routine curriculum of community medicine includes clinico-social case-taking with a focus on the physical, biological, and psychosocial determinants of health. There is an opportunity to integrate narrative medicine with this for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students using story-telling. The objective of the current study was to assess its feasibility, challenges, and opportunities. Methods We conducted a need assessment cross-sectional survey of the teaching faculty of community medicine across India using Google Forms. Considering an 80% positive response in a pilot within the department, a relative error of 10%, and a 20% non-response rate, the sample size was 120. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions with a Likert scale that dealt with affective, cognitive, and communication domains and open-ended questions for insights into opportunities and challenges. The results of the former were expressed as descriptive statistics, in frequencies and proportions. Open-ended questions were summarized to guide the refinement of further implementation. Results Of the 120 participants, 92 (77%) quoted low/medium empathy quotient in students, and 107 (89.2%) felt that the listening skills of students can improve with the introduction of story-telling. A hundred and twelve (93.4%) participants felt that their history-taking skills can improve with story-telling, and all agreed that the language of medicine can be improved. One hundred nine (90.8%) felt that it will lead to better student-patient interaction. Opportunities included a better understanding of social determinants, patient-/family-centered care, improved communication skills, and better mental health. The key challenges included time, motivation, the need for training/capacity building, and streamlining of assessment metrics. Conclusion We conclude that story-telling may help medical students investigate various social determinants of health, disease, and lived environments that create vulnerabilities.
Introduction This research study aims to explore the understanding and perspective of pregnant women in Al-Ahsa regarding physical exercise during their pregnancy. Presently, there exists a deficiency in knowledge concerning the advantages of exercise for the well-being of both the expectant mother and the developing fetus within this area. The study endeavors to enlighten and empower pregnant women about the appropriate types and levels of exercise suitable for their individual physical activity during pregnancy, with the ultimate aim of attaining noteworthy health benefits. The proposed solution entails offering comprehensive education and guidance on the advantages and techniques of exercising during pregnancy. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Al-Al-Ahsa, located in Saudi Arabia. The data was collected through an online questionnaire. Subsequently, the collected data underwent a series of essential steps, including coding, thorough checking, and entry into an Excel spreadsheet. The final stage involved analyzing the data using the widely used statistical software SPSS. Results In this research conducted in Al-Ahsa City, the findings were based on a sample of 306 Saudi nationals. Several of the participants were aged over 45 (33.7%), married (81.4%), and had completed their college education (79.7%). In terms of their beliefs, the participants had an average score of 3.51 out of 7. Their level of awareness scored 5.13 out of 8, while their knowledge level scored 3.52 out of 5. A significant number of participants (68.3%) agreed on the importance of exercise during pregnancy, and a considerable percentage (72.9%) believed that any pregnant woman could exercise without seeking healthcare advice. When it came to accessing information about antenatal exercise, digital platforms, especially social media, were the primary source for the participants (63.4%). The most commonly practiced exercise type was walking (77.1%), and the main barriers reported were fatigue (64.4%) and time constraints (34.3%). Age was found to have a notable association with beliefs, awareness, and knowledge scores, while marital status and functional status showed marginal, insignificant associations. Conclusion This research underscores the significance of fostering optimistic beliefs, improving awareness, and addressing knowledge deficiencies through focused educational interventions. It emphasizes the crucial roles that healthcare professionals and digital platforms assume in spreading reliable information and assisting expectant mothers in making well-informed choices regarding their exercise routines. It is essential for future studies to investigate the efficacy of customized interventions and encompass diverse populations, thus deepening our comprehension of antenatal exercise behaviors and the factors that influence them.