Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Background Bilateral orthognathic surgery is one of the unique and challenging orthognathic surgeries that gained popularity after numerous modifications to the techniques. Using linear equipment inside the oral cavity might lead to malalignment or structural weakness due to incorrect placement, making the ramus osteotomy more difficult. By directly positioning the instrument perpendicularly over the mandibular ramus region, a right-angle drill can help promote a more ergonomic approach. Objectives The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of a right-angle screwdriver over a conventional screwdriver for orthognathic surgery using clinical parameters. The second objective was to assess the ease of fixation, the ease of osteotomy, and the time taken for the surgery in both groups. Methods This prospective observational study, comparing the effectiveness of conventional and right-angle screwdrivers for orthognathic surgery, was carried out on 12 patients. A split-mouth design was chosen. For the 12 patients, a right-angle screwdriver was used to secure the right mandibular plate and screw, while a traditional straight handpiece was used to fix the left plate and screw. Clinical parameters such as the ease of osteotomy, the ease of fixation, the time taken for fixation, and the postoperative angulation of the screw in relation to the bone with cone beam computed tomography were evaluated. The procedure was communicated to the patients, followed by obtaining written informed consent. Result Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using an independent sample t-test and an unpaired t-test. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), was used. The level of significance was set at a p-value of <0.05. Compared to a conventional screwdriver, the right-angle screwdriver made osteotomies and fixations easier for 12 patients and also required less surgical time. Statistically, it was shown that ease of fixation had a statistically significant difference among right-angled and conventional screwdrivers (p-value < 0.001), whereas time taken had an insignificant difference (p-value 0.13). The angulation of screw fixation with the right angle showed a consistent result of fixation perpendicular to the bone when compared with conventional screwdrivers providing stable fixation, which was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Compared to the conventional screwdriver used in orthognathic procedures, the right-angle screwdriver ensures solid fixation and eliminates the challenges encountered while drilling and screwing posteriorly positioned screws.
Background Caffeine is the most popular product consumed globally in different types and amounts by various age groups. This study aimed to identify caffeine consumption patterns among adolescents in Jazan and explore related health effects. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jazan on adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age. The consumption of coffee and caffeinated products and their potential health effects were evaluated using a self-reported online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using software for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results A total of 718 participants were enrolled in this study, with the age group of 16-18 years constituting the highest percentage (48.9%). Nearly 94% of the participants consumed coffee or caffeinated products, with 57% consuming the products infrequently. About 6.6% consumed coffee or caffeinated products more than three times daily, and about half of the participants used medium-sized cups. The most consumed type of caffeinated beverage was Arabic coffee, followed by tea, soft drinks, and Nescafe. Education level and age group showed a significant correlation with consumption patterns. The most common health effects of caffeine consumption were headaches, irregular sleep, and nausea, which were statistically related to age group, gender, and comorbid conditions. Conclusions Consumption of coffee and caffeinated beverages was relatively high among adolescents in this study. Further research on the habits of Saudi adolescent consumers, particularly across different areas of the country, is required.
Background Car safety seats (CSS) are a well-established strategy to reduce injuries and fatalities among children involved in road traffic accidents. However, the use of CSS is generally low globally due to limited knowledge of its benefits. This study assessed parents' knowledge and attitudes toward CSS in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered survey distributed among residents in different regions of Saudi Arabia to assess their knowledge and attitude toward CSS. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 383 Saudi residents participated in the study. The mean age was 37.14 ±9.10 years, with a female predominance (62.1%, n=238). One-third of the participants were from the western region of Saudi Arabia (30.3%, n=109). Non-use of CSS was reported by 25.8% of the participants, while 11.7% reported that they rarely used CSS. The mean total knowledge score was 2.15 (range 0 -3). A lower knowledge score was significantly associated with a lower educational level (p=0.008), not having information regarding CSS (p=0.005), none or rare use of CSS by the parent (p<0.001), and the use of media or self-education as a source of information regarding CSS (p=0.002). The mean attitude score was 12.52 (range 4 -20). The attitude score was significantly associated with gender (p=0.002), education (p=0.014), number of children (p=0.005), monthly family income (p=0.028), use of CSS by people other than the parent (p<0.001), information about CSS use in the car (p<0.002), source of information (p<0.001), and use of CSS by the parent (p<0.001). Conclusions The knowledge and attitude of the Suadi population toward CSS use are inadequate, highlighting the need to enhance awareness and understanding of the importance of CSS use.
Background checks are used in nursing education to assess public risk. To date, no study has described the most common and most serious findings in nursing students. Our study describes the most common and most serious characteristics of BGC findings in nursing students attending large universities. Our retrospective study describes characteristics of aggregated, de-identified background check data from a convenience sample of 16 US nursing programs set in large universities 2014-2019. Sampled programs collected 45,613 background checks, with 1548 findings (3.4 %). Severity of findings included criminal (62.5 %), non-criminal (4.6 %), felony (0.8 %), and other (11.6 %). Severity data were missing from 20.4 % of records. Finding types included substance use (23.7 %), disorderly conduct (8.7 %), property crimes (2.4 %) and crimes against persons (1 %). Type data was missing from 64.3 % of records. Future research should examine whether background check type or severity indicates a nursing student poses a public risk.
Background Clinical examination is the final step for the assessment of a candidate in the Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons-II exam and several stressors are associated with it. After a certain level, the stressors and myths related to this exam increase the chances of poor performance. This study aimed to identify the shortcomings of candidates' short and long cases with suggestions for improvement. Methodology This qualitative research with a thematic analysis approach was conducted at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan, Regional Center, Lahore. The data were collected from 20 examiners who assessed 88 candidates' short and long cases of dermatology through observation and cross-questioning. Results The major themes that emerged with more subcategories were poor history taking, poor examination, and poor time management while updated knowledge, rationalization, and enhancement of presentation skills were also highlighted in long cases. The major suggestions to improve the short and long cases were to focus on the command given, maintain the privacy of the patient, and improve training. Conclusions This study highlighted many major shortcomings the candidates showed while performing the long and short cases which may facilitate the forthcoming candidates to avoid these weaknesses by following the suggestions for improvements.
Background Cognitive rehabilitation of people with traumatic brain injury is a complex and challenging area of practice. Practitioners working in cognitive rehabilitation require ongoing training to stay abreast of new research and best practice interventions. A needs analysis was conducted to inform the development of a capacity building program for cognitive rehabilitation providers. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of providers of cognitive rehabilitation services in Queensland collected data on demographic information, perceptions of knowledge, skills and confidence in cognitive rehabilitation, previously completed training, desired training opportunities and delivery methods, and barriers and facilitators to engaging in training. Results The 103 respondents included 67 occupational therapists, 17 speech pathologists, 12 psychologists and seven social workers with a broad range of practice experience. Participants perceived a need for further training, with executive function and functional cognition the most desired topics. The number of topics previously trained on was significantly correlated with levels of knowledge, skills and confidence (P Conclusion Cognitive rehabilitation providers in Queensland reported a need for further training, delivered flexibly, with a focus on managing complex cognitive impairments.
Background Communication is essential in the medical sector, particularly in the emergency departments (ED), to provide appropriate patient care. Lack of patient history and large patient numbers, cultural variations, inadequate health literacy, and language difficulties can impact effective communication. Aim This study aims to examine language and communication barriers experienced by ED physicians in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, as well as to determine the effect of language barriers on patient care and explore possible methods to deal with language and communication barriers. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 8 to June 6, 2023. A total of 136 responses were collected from ED physicians at the six Ministry of Health Hospitals (MOH) in Makkah through a validated online survey. The data analysis was implemented using RStudio (R version 4.1.1). Result In this study, 136 participants' data were examined. Of note, one-quarter of ED physicians (25%; n=34) under study stated that they always experienced language barriers, whereas 64.7% (n=88) of them sometimes experienced these difficulties. More than half of the ED physicians (54.4%; n=74) stated that their patients had poor outcomes because of poor communication. Among those who responded positively to poor outcomes, ED physicians' suggestions to improve communication with patients included providing labels of the common scientific terminologies in different languages (59.6%; n=81) and providing courses to communicate in foreign languages (48.5%; n=66). Conclusion Exposure to language barriers among ED physicians in Makkah was slightly high. This may impact the patient's outcomes. Therefore, strategies to improve patient-physician communication are needed.
Background Community pharmacies are integral to the healthcare system, actively contributing to patient safety through accurate dispensing, education, collaboration, monitoring, and the implementation of safety protocols. Their accessibility and role as medication experts make them key partners in promoting positive health outcomes for individuals and communities. Objective The current study will evaluate the patient safety culture (PSC) among community pharmacies in Karachi, Pakistan. Additionally, this study will measure the association between patient safety culture in community pharmacies and the demographic characteristics of the pharmacy staff. Methods A cross-sectional survey of pharmacy staff was conducted using a survey instrument developed by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Demographic variables and assessments of safety culture in pharmacies were studied. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Among the 102 participants, positive responses ranged from 30% to 87.5%. The highest positive response was for the dimension "mistakes in communication" (86.3%), followed by "communication across shifts" (82.2%) and "communication openness" (81.7%). The dimensions "overall perceptions of patient safety" and "response to mistakes" had the lowest positive responses (56.0% and 60.9%, respectively). Furthermore, many staff did not regularly record the errors, even if they impacted the practices. Conclusion There was an overall unfavorable perception of patient safety culture among the surveyed pharmacies of Karachi, Pakistan. However, the communication dimensions showed the highest positive response. There is a strong need to improve the overall perception of patient safety among the staff and develop an optimistic response to mistakes.
Background Completion of the Foundation Year One (FY1) doctor training is a requirement for full General Medical Council registration in the United Kingdom. Training during this year is mapped to a curriculum with one of the key elements being safe procedural skills. The objective of this project was to improve the teaching of procedural skills through the means of a Clinical Skills Day (CSD) and to quantify any improvement. Materials and methods A one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted on 32 doctors who completed a confidence inventory before and after four core procedural stations: suturing, urethral catheterisation (both male and female), lumbar puncture, and bimanual and speculum examinations. The intervention of simulated procedural skills occurred under the supervision of senior clinicians, with FY1 doctors receiving teaching and practising the four skills. The primary outcome was the impact of a CSD on trainees' confidence in performing certain skills. Pre- and post-CSD trainees' confidence levels were collected via an online-focused questionnaire and descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni comparisons were undertaken for statistical analysis. Results The difference in the mean scores of confidence post-intervention was significant in all four procedural stations with or without supervision (p <0.0001). Conclusions The use of CSDs impacted positively on the FY1 doctors' confidence in performing certain skills. Wider implementation of this promising approach for Foundation Doctors is recommended.
Background Curriculum development is an essential domain for medical educators, yet specific training in this area is inconsistent. With competing demands for educators' time, a succinct resource for best practice is needed. Objective To create a curated list of the most essential articles on curriculum development to guide education scholars in graduate medical education. Methods We used a modified Delphi method, a systematic consensus strategy to increase content validity, to achieve consensus on the most essential curriculum development articles. We convened a panel of 8 experts from the United States in curricular development, with diverse career stages, institutions, gender, and specialty. We conducted a literature search across PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords, such as "curriculum development" and "curricular design," to identify relevant articles focusing on a general overview or approach to curriculum development. Articles were reviewed across 3 iterative Delphi rounds to narrow down those that should be included in a list of the most essential articles on curriculum development. Results Our literature search yielded 1708 articles, 90 of which were selected for full-text review, and 26 of which were identified as appropriate for the modified Delphi process. We had a 100% response rate for each Delphi round. The panelists narrowed the articles to a final list of 5 articles, with 4 focusing on the development of new curriculum and 1 on curriculum renewal. Conclusions We developed a curated list of 5 essential articles on curriculum development that is broadly applicable to graduate medical educators.
Background Dental anxiety in children often necessitates sedation for effective treatment. Different methods of sedation have proved to be beneficial. However, intranasal sedation provides a needleless, rapid drug delivery method that bypasses hepatic metabolism. Intranasal sedative drugs can be delivered using a mucosal atomization device (MAD). This study aimed to find the opinions, beliefs, and existing knowledge of parents and children regarding intranasal sedation and the method of drug delivery through MAD. Materials and methods The study comprised 50 parents, aged 20 to 50, who came in with a single child, aged five to nine years. In separate rooms, parents and kids were each shown a video about the use of the intranasal sedation technique with MAD as a pharmaceutical help during routine dental procedures. After the video presentation, each participant was required to complete a pretested self-made questionnaire with 21 questions and multiple-choice options. The chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis of the completed questionnaires (P < 0.05). Paired t-test was used for behavior assessment of the children before and after intranasal sedation. Results A significant correlation between parental socioeconomic status and acceptance of intranasal sedation was observed. Parents with higher education levels exhibited a greater level of acceptance (P = 0.000). Parents whose children had prior dental experiences were more likely to view intranasal sedation as a safe option (P = 0.038). Additionally, a significant proportion of previously sedated children expressed willingness to undergo treatment using intranasal sedation. Evaluation of children's behavior before and after treatment revealed a notable improvement, indicating the effectiveness of intranasal sedation (P = 0.000). Conclusion The study thoroughly investigated how parents and children view intranasal sedation via MAD. It revealed a positive perception of safety and trust among parents regarding this method for pediatric dental procedures.
Background Distal radius realignment procedures such as the dome osteotomy have been shown to reliably correct the geometry of this three-dimensional deformity. However, it has not been clarified whether the correction is durable over time. We thus reviewed a prospective Madelung's database and evaluated all patients who received a radius dome osteotomy to see whether there was any loss of correction over time. Patients and Methods A total of 16 patients with 19 operated wrists were included. Mean age at surgery was 14 years; the most recent radiograph that was considered for analysis was obtained at a mean of 20 months after the index surgery. Three established radiographic deformity parameters (ulnar tilt, lunate subsidence, palmar carpal displacement) were repetitively measured by an independent observer over the course of the postoperative follow-up and compared using the analysis of variance statistics. Results A mild but nonsignificant worsening of deformity parameters was observed in six patients (32%). Overall, ulnar tilt improved from 50 to 40 degrees after surgery and was 43 degrees at latest follow-up. The values for lunate subsidence were -5.5, 0, and -1.6 mm, respectively. Palmar carpal displacement did not recur after correction (21, 17, and 16 mm, respectively). Conclusions Frontal plane parameters remodeled to a certain degree, although not in a statistically significant manner, soon after corrective osteotomies in Madelung's deformity. Although mild surgical overcorrection may be warranted in younger patients, it remains unclear if a concomitant distal radial epiphysiodesis would generally be beneficial. Level of Evidence Level IV.
Background Distress in patients with diabetes is a condition that has received significant attention in recent years; however, data regarding the psychological assessment and the impact of the emotional burden of diabetes among the Roma population are still scarce in the medical literature. Material and methods We conducted an observational, transversal study that included 310 adult patients with diabetes mellitus, aged between 18 and 85 years old, of which the majority (61%) were women; patients were selected from a tertiary hospital providing diabetes care; diabetes distress was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire, the diabetes distress scale (DDS), validated on Romanian patients. Results In the study population, a great proportion of patients showed diabetes distress, with 24.8% (N=82) having moderate distress and 29.7% (N=121) having severe distress. In the Caucasian group, there were significantly more patients without distress than in the Roma patients,while on the contrary, more Roma patients experienced severe distress compared to the opposite group (64.5%, N=78 versus 35.5%, N=43). In the Caucasian group, a statistical significance was observed regarding interpersonal distress, with Caucasian women having a higher score than men. Concerning the Roma patients, total DDS and all subscales´ scores were statistically significant, with Roma women having higher scores than men. A statistical significance was observed between ethnicity and diabetes distress scores, with the Roma population having higher median values than Caucasian patients. It was also demonstrated that the lack of education, a higher diabetes evolution, and a higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (above 8%) have influenced the risk of severe DDS in the Caucasian group, while in the Roma patients, employment status (being unemployed) represents a risk factor for severe DDS. Conclusion The Roma patients included in our study experienced higher distress scores compared to Caucasians. These results are substantial as they emphasize the need to include the evaluation of diabetes distress in clinical practice to facilitate the early initiation of intervention measures. There is nevertheless limited data regarding this particular ethnic group; therefore, further research is still needed.
Background Effective self-care is crucial for maintaining health among older adults in resource-constrained communities. This study examined self-care practices, health-seeking behaviors, and associated factors among older adults in urban slums in India. Materials and methods A mixed methods study was conducted among 432 adults aged ≥65 years. Participants were selected through multistage random sampling from five slum areas. Self-care practices, health-seeking behaviors, demographic information, chronic conditions, self-efficacy, and health literacy were assessed through interviews. The qualitative data was explored through in-depth interviews with 30 participants. Results Inadequate health literacy (194, 45%) and low self-efficacy (162, 37.5%) were common. While 324 (75%) had an adequate diet and 378 (87.5%) took medications properly, only 86 (20%) monitored diabetes complications. Only 194 (45%) of the patients underwent recommended cancer screening, and 324 (75%) of the patients saw doctors ≥twice a year. Age, sex, education, income, comorbidities, self-efficacy, and health literacy had significant associations. Alongside facilitators such as social support, barriers such as limited healthcare access and suboptimal prevention orientation emerged. Conclusion Suboptimal prevention orientation and overreliance on secondary care instead of self-care among elderly people are problematic given the limited use of geriatric services. Grassroots health workers can improve health literacy and self-efficacy through home visits to enable self-care. Healthcare access inequities for vulnerable groups merit policy attention.