Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The experiences of students and professionals with disabilities are routinely excluded from scholarly and policy debates about equity in engineering. Emergent research suggests that engineering is particularly ableist, yet systematic accounts of the possible exclusion and devaluation faced by engineers with disabilities are largely missing. This paper asks, do engineers with disabilities have more negative interpersonal experiences in engineering classrooms and workplaces than those without disabilities? Utilizing a social relational model of disability, I hypothesize that engineers with physical disabilities and chronic and mental illness are more likely to experience exclusion and professional devaluation than their peers and, partly as a result, have lower persistence intentions. The paper uses survey data from 1,729 students enrolled in eight US engineering programs (ASEE Diversity and Inclusion Survey) and 8,321 US-employed engineers (STEM Inclusion Study Survey). Analyses use regression, mediation, and intersectional approaches. Consistent with expectations, engineering students and professionals with disabilities are less likely than their peers to experience social inclusion and professional respect at school and work. Students with disabilities are more likely to intend to leave their engineering programs and professionals with disabilities are more likely to have thought about leaving their engineering jobs compared to peers, and their greater risks of encountering interpersonal bias help account for these differences. Analyses also reveal intersectional variation by gender and race/ethnicity. These results suggest that engineering harbors widespread ableism across education and work. The findings demand more scholarly attention to the social, cultural, and physical barriers that block people with disabilities from full and equal participation in engineering.
The exploration of blind students' reading skills is needed not only for further understanding their reading development but also for providing targeted suggestions for practical education. This study aims to examine the relations among phonological awareness (PA), homograph awareness (HA), compounding awareness (CA) and reading comprehension (RC), and explore the mediating effect of listening comprehension (LC) in Chinese blind students from elementary school. A total of 148 blind and 302 sighted elementary school students completed assessments of PA, HA, CA, LC and RC. The results found that PA, HA and CA were important variables that predicted Chinese blind and sighted students' RC not only directly but also indirectly through LC, which varied across different grades. The findings suggest that there were many similarities that exist in the influencing mechanism of RC between Chinese blind and sighted students.
The exploration of the correlation between subject network attention and literature research in China can aid in comprehending the development trend of Chinese scientific and technological journals. Currently, many scholars have done a lot of research based on the network media index, but the relationship between the discipline attention represented by it and literature research has not been fully verified. This paper used CNKI and Baidu Index as data sources to establish a RAPF experimental framework based on relationship analysis and prediction, and selected high school mathematics subjects in China for effective demonstration. First, RAPF extracted core keywords using text tools and word frequency statistics. Second, it constructed a relationship model between subject attention and literature research based on Spearman and LOOCV. Finally, it made predictions through time series and regression analysis. The results showed a correlation between subject attention and literature research, and the model fit R2 was 0.774, with a relative error of less than 2%. Short-term predictions found that some keywords received less online attention, and 2022-2024 may be the crucial development period for mathematical education research, with an annual literature research volume of approximately 380 articles. This paper summarized the mathematical subject themes centered on content, culture, literacy, and integration, and also provided a reference for the development of the subject through experimental prediction. In the next two years, China's mathematics literature research still needs to delve deeper, broaden its breadth, enhance its height, and ensure a steady improvement in the quality and quantity of literature research.
The exponential development of chronic noncommunicable diseases requires a rethinking of health systems, which are commonly focused on the curative management of diseases. There is a need to reinvent them to involve lifelong health promotion. For patients, it is no longer just a matter of surviving an acute disease, but also of avoiding its occurrence, and even more often, learning to live and age with it. This is where therapeutic patient education (TPE) plays a role. Supporting this paradigm shift in practice requires a commitment through initial training to help the student— future dentist—to acquire the knowledge, skills, and attitudes relevant and easily applicable to the field of oral medicine, even in independent practice. Integrating TPE teaching into the curriculum is undeniably a challenge, but also a chance for students to develop a different stance and become conscious, competent, and committed professionals.
The extant research on climate variability shares significant theoretical contributions to vulnerability and risks. However, the literature mostly focuses on technical solutions to climate extremes which undermines efforts to identify and solve the dynamics within gender groups in using agricultural-based natural climate solutions (NCS) to address climatic and non-climatic risks. With this in mind, this study implements both quantitative and qualitative approaches including household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to investigate the adoption of NCS within gender groups to address climatic and non-climatic risks in three selected communities (Katanga, Dakio, and Zonno) in the Bolgatanga East District of Upper East Region of Ghana. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to rank the key climatic and non-climatic risks confronting smallholder farmers in the district. Male and female smallholder farmers affirmed that there has been variation in the climate compared to their childhood. The results indicated climate change-induced erosion (RII = 0.268) as the highest climatic risk among male smallholder farmers. Increased bushfire (RII = 0.263) was the highest climatic risk affecting female smallholder farmers. The findings show that the high cost of farm inputs (RII = 0.505) is the highest non-climatic risk among the male smallholder farmers whereas inadequate credit facilities (RII = 0.295) affected most of the female smallholder farmers. In adapting to the climatic risks, both male and female smallholder farmers with no formal education plant early maturing crop varieties and cover crops on their farmland. Others engage in traditional non-farm activities such as weaving by using renewable materials with reduced ecological footprints to address non-climatic risks. The male and female smallholder farmers with post-secondary education typically resort to temporal migration during the dry season to work on non-farm jobs. Acknowledging the intra-gendered adoption of NCS among marginalized farming households; not only protects against maladaptation but also improves local-level resilience and climate risk management in Ghana.
The extent to which environmental exposures and community characteristics of the built environment collectively predict rapid lung function decline, during adolescence and early adulthood in cystic fibrosis (CF), has not been examined. To identify built environment characteristics predictive of rapid CF lung function decline. We performed a retrospective, single-center, longitudinal cohort study (n = 173 individuals with CF aged 6-20 years, 2012-2017). We used a stochastic model to predict lung function, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) of % predicted. Traditional demographic/clinical characteristics were evaluated as predictors. Built environmental predictors included exposure to elemental carbon attributable to traffic sources (ECAT), neighborhood material deprivation (poverty, education, housing, and healthcare access), greenspace near the home, and residential drivetime to the CF center. The final model, which included ECAT, material deprivation index, and greenspace, alongside traditional demographic/clinical predictors, significantly improved fit and prediction, compared with only demographic/clinical predictors (Likelihood Ratio Test statistic: 26.78, p < 0.0001; the difference in Akaike Information Criterion: 15). An increase of 0.1 μg/m3 of ECAT was associated with 0.104% predicted/yr (95% confidence interval: 0.024, 0.183) more rapid decline. Although not statistically significant, material deprivation was similarly associated (0.1-unit increase corresponded to additional decline of 0.103% predicted/year [-0.113, 0.319]). High-risk regional areas of rapid decline and age-related heterogeneity were identified from prediction mapping. Traffic-related air pollution exposure is an important predictor of rapid pulmonary decline that, coupled with community-level material deprivation and routinely collected demographic/clinical characteristics, enhance CF prognostication and enable personalized environmental health interventions.
The family environment influences oral health conditions and the utilization of dental services. The emotional link between the family members and the degree to which they are resilient and close to each other is represented as family cohesion and adaptability. This systematic review critically appraises and synthesizes existing evidence on the effect of family cohesion on oral health predictors in children and adolescents. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023453608). Databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were electronically searched in September 2023. No restriction of time frame was allowed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool. Initially, 272 records were identified from PubMed (133), Embase (122) and Scopus (10) databases and other sources, finally leading to 12 cross-sectional studies to be included. Eleven studies were carried out in Brazil and one in USA. Only one study reported moderate risk, whereas the others all reported low risk of bias. The studies were carried out from 2013-2023. The frequency of dental visits, oral health literacy, and self-perceived need for dental treatment were reported to be higher in families with the better cohesive ties. An inconsistent direct association was reported between dental caries and family cohesion. Family dynamics are important in shaping oral health behaviors and outcomes during a pivotal phase of development. Further exploration through longitudinal studies in this field can elucidate causal pathways and potential moderators.
The fast growth of science and technology in the 21st century has made it necessary for advances in many sectors, including social, economic, educational, and health. Physiotherapists must have highly developed critical thinking abilities, such as creative, critical, problem-solving, and analytical thinking, to deal with these changes. Creativity is the capacity to view, shape, and organize the world in a unique way, whereas critical thinking is the ability to think outside the box, notice parts that others cannot see, be open to new ideas, and never be afraid to attempt new things. All of the continually developing and changing knowledge cannot be included in educational programs for physiotherapy students. The Six Thinking Hats were designed by Edward de Bono. The "Six Thinking Hats" concept is a teaching strategy for encouraging creative thinking by organizing and presenting ideas within a predetermined framework. The goal of the study was to apply the Six Thinking Hats model to physiotherapy themes in order to create a creative teaching technique and get feedback by fostering the critical thinking abilities of physiotherapy students. During the 2021-2022 academic year, there were 42 students registered for III and IV BPT students enrolled for physiotherapy course; however, the research sample comprised 41 students. The course included 6 h of theory and 18 h of clinical sessions. Students were taught by two instructors via a PowerPoint presentation on SCI, obesity, and for further practice, they were given two case studies taught by Six Thinking Hats model. After the class, each group received a set of hats in one of six colors to use the Six Thinking Hats method effectively, and then students were asked to provide opinions on the Six Thinking Hats model of learning. Data analysis and response reporting were conducted, using literature and student comments. The Six Thinking Hats model was discovered to be more efficient in comprehending topics and provides all-encompassing care. The ability to understand patients' views, see both the positive and negative aspects in conditions, develop their ability to think critically, and create with unique concepts all improved for the students. About 90.2% of students stated that they learned to think from different aspects, 85.4% of the students stated that it ensured they considered the patient holistically, 87.8% of the students stated that the method allowed for sharing different ideas and thoughts, 75.6% that it helped them to produce creative ideas. Overall, 95% of students agreed that the Six Thinking Hats approach was better than conventional lectures and case studies, with 5% disagreeing. This study concluded that the Six Thinking Hats model of learning is a creative teaching method that is useful for the development of physiotherapy students' critical thinking. Skills and having this type of study in the physiotherapy literature add to the improvement and enrichment of physiotherapy education.
The favourable or unfavourable process of a patient's adaptation to a challenging medical condition may indicate that certain adjustment reactions, which can be either constructive or undesirable, tend to prevail. The aim of the study was to examine the adjustment reactions of patients, and to define the correlation between the reactions and socio-demographic factors, health self-assessment, satisfaction with medical care, duration of treatment, and limitations in women treated for rheumatoid arthritis. The study was conducted at the Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases and the Specialist Outpatient Clinic of the Independent Public Teaching Hospital No. 4 in Lublin, Poland. The Polish adaptation of the Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory RIDI (H. Livneh, R. Antonak, 1990) was used in the study, together with an Original Questionnaire. A p-value of <0.05 was set to define statistical differences. Analysis was performed using commercial SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Adjustment reactions, adaptive reactions, i.e. adjustment (3±0.5) and acknowledgement (2.6±0.4) were found to markedly prevail, while the lowest mean value was observed for denial (1.9±0.4), which was considered a negative reaction. Longer duration of the disease was associated with a lower level of external hostility. Low health self-assessment and significant limitations impairing everyday activities, caused by pain, deformity and impaired joint mobility, were mostly related to unfavourable early and intermediate non-adaptive reactions. Knowledge of the adjustment reactions and their moderating factors appears to be crucial in the planning of measures aimed at the rehabilitation of RA patients.
The fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a generalized psychological problem among cancer patients and their spouses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of cancer recurrence fear among breast cancer patients and their spouses, as well as its predictive factors. A total of 155 breast cancer patients and their partners between March 2022 to Feb 2023 were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University. The survey was investigated by fear of progression questionnaire-short form (FoP‑Q‑SF), fear of progression questionnaire-short form for partners (FoP-Q-SF/P), family resilience questionnaire (FaRE), and health literacy management scale (HeLMS). Predictors were assessed using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. 52.9% (n=82) of breast cancer patients and 51.6% (n=80) of their spouses experienced high levels of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). There was a positive correlation between the FCR of the patients and their spouses, while family resilience and health literacy were statistically significant negative predictive factors for breast cancer patients' fear of cancer recurrence. In summary, the study found that the partner's FCR, health literacy and family resilience were closely related to the FCR in breast cancer patients. Therefore, healthcare workers can reduce the patient's FCR by reducing the FCR in spouses, improving patients' health literacy and family resilience in the future. In practical application, these findings hold significant implications for developing comprehensive care plans and interventions targeting FCR in breast cancer patients. By focusing on patients' partners and providing appropriate support and resources, healthcare professionals can promote patients' psychological well-being and overall health, leading to improved quality of life.
The fear of childbirth (FOC) harms maternal and fetal health, however it has been little studied in Brazil. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of FOC in a maternity hospital in southern Brazil and identify its associated factors. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire - W-DEQ(A) was used to assess the prevalence of FOC, and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, gestational history, aspects of the current pregnancy, knowledge about childbirth, anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and perception of social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) was investigated. Questionnaires about the content of FOC and information sources regarding childbirth were also applied. We interviewed 125 pregnant women between 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy between July and September of 2021, and 12% of them scored ≥ 85 on the W-DEQ(A), indicating severe FOC. There was a significant correlation between FOC and anxiety symptoms (r = 0.50, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (r = 0.34, p < 0.001), and poor social support (r = -0.23, p = 0.008). FOC was lower in pregnant women with complete elementary education when compared to those with higher education (p = 0.003), however, those with negative experiences in previous deliveries had more FOC than those who had had positive experiences (p = 0.001). More than 85% of them fear fetal distress. FOC is a prevalent condition that impacts the mental health of pregnant women. Therefore, health professionals should recognize and address it during prenatal care to provide integral maternal-fetal care and improve the childbirth experience.
The February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake caused significant destruction across our country. More than 50,000 people lost their lives, thousands were injured, and health facilities were damaged. Victims were transferred to hospitals in other provinces for treatment. This study evaluates the anesthesia approach applied to the injured who were transferred to our tertiary hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent surgery between February 6 and February 20, 2023. The study included earthquake victims who underwent emergency trauma surgery, aged 10 years and above. We recorded the date of admission to the hospital, demographic information, type of surgery, surgical site, anesthesia technique, preference for peripheral block, laboratory values, dialysis and intensive care needs, and survival rates. Data analysis was performed using the IBM® Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®) Version 26.0. A total of 375 cases were included in the study. Of these, 323 patients underwent surgery for extremity injuries, and 35 for vertebral injuries. Among the extremity injuries, 61.6% were to the lower extremities, and 17.1% to the upper extremities. Debridement was performed on 147 patients, fasciotomy on 49 patients, and amputation on 33 patients. General anesthesia was applied to 352 patients, spinal anesthesia to 19 patients, and sedoanalgesia to four patients. Peripheral nerve block was performed on 33 patients. Dialysis treatment was administered to 105 patients. Twenty-six patients were lost during the treatment process. There were no intraoperative patient deaths. The predominance of extremity injuries among earthquake victims increases the inclination towards regional anesthesia. Incorporating Plan A blocks into basic anesthesia skills could enhance the preference for regional anesthesia in disaster situations. Furthermore, transferring the injured to advanced centers may reduce morbidity.
The Federal Joint Committee has established requirements for centers for intensive care medicine which, in cooperation with other clinics, are to take on special tasks for intensive care medicine in a region. High demands are placed on these centers, which it may not be possible to meet without restructuring the existing intensive care structures. In this study, an organizational model for a center for intensive care medicine based on broad interdisciplinary and interprofessional cooperation is presented for discussion. The organizational model contains proposals for integration of the centers for intensive care medicine into the clinic structure, the management team, the staff composition, the areas of clinical activity, and the further tasks of research, teaching, and education and training. Establishment of the centers for intensive care medicine provides new and forward-looking impetus for the further development of intensive care medicine in Germany. However, for the new organizational model to be implemented effectively, the necessary restructuring measures must be adequately refinanced and supported by hospital management and medical faculties. In addition, a sustained willingness for interdisciplinary and interprofessional cooperation is required on the part of all those involved, and employees in this model must be offered attractive long-term positions in intensive care medicine.