Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The objective of the current study was to examine how distress tolerance functions as a mediator in the relationship between existential thinking, sense of coherence, and the severity of mourning experienced by families who have lost a loved one to COVID-19. The present study employed a descriptive correlational research design, targeting family members of those who passed away due to COVID-19 in the city of Mianeh in 2022. A sample of 160 individuals was selected for statistical analysis. The research instruments used in this study consisted of Flensberg's sense of coherence questionnaire (2006), Simmons and Gaher's emotional distress tolerance questionnaire (2005), Sugbart and Scott's grief experience questionnaire (1989), and Branton Scherer's existential thinking questionnaire (2006). The collected data were analyzed using path analysis, as well as SPSS and Amos software. The findings of the study revealed a significant correlation coefficient between existential thinking (r = 0.465), sense of coherence (r = 0.401), and distress tolerance (r = 0.521) with the severity of mourning experienced by families who lost a loved one to COVID-19. Moreover, the results indicated a positive and significant relationship (p > 0.01) between distress tolerance and sense of coherence (r = 0.126), as well as between distress tolerance and existential thinking (r = 0.059) among the bereaved families. However, the bootstrap test results suggested that distress tolerance did not mediate the relationship between sense of coherence and the severity of mourning in the families of COVID-19 victims. Consistent with prior research, the current study's findings indicated that both existential thinking and sense of coherence had a direct impact on the severity of mourning experienced by families who lost a loved one to COVID-19. Additionally, the results revealed that the influence of existential thinking on the severity of mourning was mediated indirectly by increasing distress tolerance.
The objective of the Hypoglycaemia REdefining SOLutions for better liVES (Hypo-RESOLVE) project is to use a dataset of pooled clinical trials across pharmaceutical and device companies in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes to examine factors associated with incident hypoglycaemia events and to quantify the prediction of these events. Data from 90 trials with 46,254 participants were pooled. Analyses were done for type 1 and type 2 diabetes separately. Poisson mixed models, adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration and trial identifier were fitted to assess the association of clinical variables with hypoglycaemia event counts. Tree-based gradient-boosting algorithms (XGBoost) were fitted using training data and their predictive performance in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) evaluated on test data. Baseline models including age, sex and diabetes duration were compared with models that further included a score of hypoglycaemia in the first 6 weeks from study entry, and full models that included further clinical variables. The relative predictive importance of each covariate was assessed using XGBoost's importance procedure. Prediction across the entire trial duration for each trial (mean of 34.8 weeks for type 1 diabetes and 25.3 weeks for type 2 diabetes) was assessed. For both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, variables associated with more frequent hypoglycaemia included female sex, white ethnicity, longer diabetes duration, treatment with human as opposed to analogue-only insulin, higher glucose variability, higher score for hypoglycaemia across the 6 week baseline period, lower BP, lower lipid levels and treatment with psychoactive drugs. Prediction of any hypoglycaemia event of any severity was greater than prediction of hypoglycaemia requiring assistance (level 3 hypoglycaemia), for which events were sparser. For prediction of level 1 or worse hypoglycaemia during the whole follow-up period, the AUC was 0.835 (95% CI 0.826, 0.844) in type 1 diabetes and 0.840 (95% CI 0.831, 0.848) in type 2 diabetes. For level 3 hypoglycaemia, the AUC was lower at 0.689 (95% CI 0.667, 0.712) for type 1 diabetes and 0.705 (95% CI 0.662, 0.748) for type 2 diabetes. Compared with the baseline models, almost all the improvement in prediction could be captured by the individual's hypoglycaemia history, glucose variability and blood glucose over a 6 week baseline period. Although hypoglycaemia rates show large variation according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and treatment history, looking at a 6 week period of hypoglycaemia events and glucose measurements predicts future hypoglycaemia risk.
The objective of the present study is to analyze the link between the degree of professional burnout among general practitioners in Bulgaria during a pandemic and their satisfaction with the balance between their personal lives and professional lives. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from December 2021 to January 2022 among 377 general practitioners. We identified the presence and level of burnout syndrome among GPs using V. Boyko's method for diagnostics of the severity of symptoms and the phases of formation and completion of the 'occupational burnout' process. Descriptive statistics and parametric and non-parametric tests were used for the analysis. For the significance level of the null hypothesis, we assumed that p < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. A total of 96.3% of the GPs had a high level of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. They worked more than 8 h a day (74.8%) and more than 5 days a week (69.0%). A total of 86.3% of them were not satisfied with the spare time they had and stated that they could not balance their work and personal lives (67.1%) since the pandemic was announced. A link was found between the level of professional burnout and long working hours (p = 0.022), dissatisfaction with free time (p = 0.028), and the inability to balance work and personal life (p = 0.000), as well as concerns related to safety during the pandemic (p = 0.048). Unrealistically high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a disturbed work-life balance is a reason to re-evaluate health policies and involve more hospital care doctors at the frontlines to fight against severe infectious diseases. The results of this study could be used to inform policy makers, healthcare managers, and other stakeholders about the factors that have had profound impacts on GPs' stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The objective of the study was to explore the faculty's views regarding nursing education transformation from diploma to degree programme. Phenomenological descriptive qualitative approach was adopted to explore the experiences of 10 nursing faculty members who were teaching for more than two years in two public sector nursing colleges (inclusion criteria) in Punjab-College of Nursing, Jinnah Hospital Lahore, and College of Nursing, Nishtar Hospital, Multan-from 2021 to 2022. Data was collected by in-depth interviews of the 10 participants. It was tape recorded, transcribed, and analysed by using Braun and Clarke`s thematic analysis technique. Seven themes were derived, in which good transition, change in instructional methodology, several strengths of degree programme, higher authorities' ignorance, lack of resources, resources can be managed at government level as well as institutional level, positive impact, improved skills in all dimensions were the main elements. This transition is facing challenges, and authorities need to pay proper attention, while policy formation for smooth implementation is needed.
The objective of the study was to outline key considerations for general clinical readers when critically evaluating publications on platform trials and for researchers when designing these types of clinical trials. In this review, we describe key concepts of platform trials with case study discussion of two hallmark platform trials in STAMPEDE and I-SPY2. We provide reader's guide to platform trials with a critical appraisal checklist. Platform trials offer flexibilities of dropping ineffective arms early based on interim data and introducing new arms into the trial. For platform trials, it is important to consider how interventions are compared and evaluated throughout and how new interventions are introduced. For intervention comparisons, it is important to consider what the primary analysis is, what and how many interventions are active simultaneously, and allocation between different arms. Interim evaluation considerations should include the number and timing of interim evaluations and outcomes and statistical rules used to drop interventions. New interventions are usually introduced based on scientific merits, so consideration of these merits is important, together with the timing and mechanisms in which new interventions are added. More efforts are needed to improve the scientific literacy of platform trials. Our review provides an overview of the important concepts of platform trials.
The objective of this article was to analyze the factors associated with complex multimorbidity (CMM) among hemodialysis patients in a metropolitan region in southeastern Brazil. To this end, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out with 1,024 individuals in the year 2019. CMM data were collected through the application of a questionnaire to hemodialysis patients. The binary logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between independent variables and CMM. The prevalence of CMM was 81% and the results indicated that: living in cities with a low rate of general mortality (OR = 0.395, 95%CI = 0.179-0.870), being aged between 18 and 29 (OR = 0.402, 95%CI = 0.196-0.825), having an elementary education (OR = 0.536, 95%CI = 0.290-0.966) and assessing health as good/very good (OR = 0.446, 95%CI = 0.301-0.661) are factors that reduced the chances of having CMM, whereas a longer period of hemodialysis (OR = 1.779 and 95%CI = 1.057-2.997) increased the chances of CMM. The findings show that characteristics of the social and individual context are associated with CMM in hemodialysis patients, signaling the need for public health policies that include monitoring the complex multimorbidity condition among individuals undergoing hemodialysis treatment.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the association between the job placement results of graduates and the satisfaction that, retrospectively, they express about their university education. Despite the fact that, in Spain, 47.0% of the population aged 25 to 34 has a higher education degree, we have little knowledge of the determinants of university student satisfaction. In addition, most studies have focused on evaluating the university experience (teaching activity, study plans, counselling for students, or facilities) and very few of them have taken into account the influence of graduates' labour market outcomes on their satisfaction. This issue is of particular interest in the Spanish case, considering the dysfunctional nature of the youth labor market, which has high rates of overqualification, excessive job turnover and high unemployment. The sources of statistical information used in this work include the first two editions of the "University Graduate Job Placement Survey", carried out by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) in 2014 and 2019. The methodology used in the empirical work is the propensity score matching estimator. The results of empirical analysis indicate that graduates' job placement difficulties have a significant association with their dissatisfaction with their university experience. In particular, educational mismatch (horizontal and vertical) and, to a lesser extent, unemployment and low wages significantly increase the probability of graduates stating that, if they had to start over, they would not return to university or they would not study the same degree.
The objective of this paper was to determine the effects of certain socio-demographic characteristics of Turkish individuals who seek health information on the Internet. This study was granted permission to use data obtained by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) in 2018 under their Household Information Technology Use (HITU) study. The original sample for this research comprised 19,389 participants. Age, gender, educational level, place of residence and frequency of Internet use were all found to impact the participants' health information seeking behaviour on the Internet. Health information was sought more frequently by women than men, by younger than older people and by those with higher levels of education. Also, health information searches were conducted more often in developed regions than in less-developed regions. In addition, it was also found that the habit of seeking health information was more common among those who use the Internet more frequently. Several socio-demographic characteristics of individuals affect their health information seeking behaviour on the Internet. All individuals should be granted equivalent access to reliable health information by taking sociodemographic characteristics and discrepancies into consideration.
The objective of this parallel group, randomised controlled trial is to evaluate a community health navigator (CHN) intervention provided to patients aged over 40 years and living with chronic health conditions to transition from hospital inpatient care to their homes. Unplanned hospital readmissions are costly for the health system and negatively impact patients. Patients are randomised post hospital discharge to the CHN intervention or usual care. A comparison of outcomes between intervention and control groups will use multivariate regression techniques that adjust for age, sex and any independent variables that are significantly different between the two groups, using multiple imputation for missing values. Time-to-event analysis will examine the relationship between seeing a CHN following discharge from the index hospitalisation and reduced rehospitalisations in the subsequent 60 days and 6 months. Secondary outcomes include medication adherence, health literacy, quality of life, experience of healthcare and health service use (including the cost of care). We will also conduct a qualitative assessment of the implementation of the navigator role from the viewpoint of stakeholders including patients, health professionals and the navigators themselves. Ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics and Governance Office, Sydney Local Health District, on 21 January 2022 (Protocol no. X21-0438 and 2021/ETH12171). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conference presentations. Data will be deposited in an institutional data repository at the end of the trial. This is subject to Ethics Committee approval, and the metadata will be made available on request. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12622000659707). The objective of this trial is to evaluate a CHN intervention provided to patients aged over 40 years and living with chronic health conditions to transition from hospital inpatient care to their homes.
The objective of this project was to determine how a virtual educational intervention on Child Passenger Safety (CPS) impacts post-intervention knowledge and self-efficacy levels. The intervention included watching a video related to CPS and completing a virtual car seat check with a certified Child Passenger Safety Technician (CPST). A quantitative pre- and post-test project design was utilized. Self-efficacy was measured using a confidence assessment and knowledge level was measured with a comprehension test. Participants were included if they had access to the internet, were English speaking, and parents or caregivers of children aged 12 years or younger. The program was active between February and April of 2021. Out of 58 individuals who expressed interest in participating in the program, the completion rate was 41 %. There were 24 participants who completed all steps of the intervention with a range in days to completion of 59 days. A video-based education intervention combined with completing a virtual car seat check with a CPST was shown to have a statistically significant impact on the knowledge and self-efficacy levels surrounding the use and installation of Child Safety Seats (CSSs) by parents and caregivers. There were a total of 34 car seats that were assessed during the virtual car seat checks and results showed that 65.6% of the car seats that were assessed on arrival had at least 1 error present. In whole, there were 34 car seat errors identified by the CPSTs throughout this project timeline. A video-based educational intervention combined with a virtual car seat check with a certified CPST has a positive impact on the knowledge and self-efficacy levels of participants. The data analysis shows the project was a successful and meaningful intervention to promote improvements in the field of CPS. This study design allows for the implementation of additional resources and supports for CPS within rural areas and at-risk populations and can help to address public health issues related to a lack of resources based on geographic location.
The objective of this project was to obtain students' perception of an educational companion video designed to increase the understanding of a national medicines information resource. An instructional video was developed to guide students in utilizing the online version of the Australian Medicines Handbook (AMH). All students enrolled in the Bachelor of Pharmacy program during 2021 were given access to this video. A cross-sectional electronic survey was administered to evaluate the video's effectiveness and its impact on students' confidence. The survey results were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, in addition to qualitative analysis to identify common themes. Ethics approval was obtained prior to conducting the study. Most students (78%; n = 72/92) reported that watching the video increased their understanding. The most growth in confidence was seen by students in their first or second year of study. Fifty-four percent (n = 48/89) of students was very likely or extremely likely to recommend the video to others, and 37% (n = 33/89) of students were somewhat likely. Students found the instructional video to be useful and expressed a desire for similar content to be integrated into other facets of teaching. The audio-visual mode of delivery was regarded as effective for this context. Constructive feedback included suggestions of incorporating more advanced educational features such as how to interpret comparative medication charts and interaction checkers. The 'How to use the AMH' video is a good introductory resource for undergraduate Australian healthcare students. Our results indicate that this video would be best suited to complement the teaching of students early on in their studies.
The objective of this research is to analyse the extent of utilisation and identify the barriers faced by individuals in the Federally Administrative Area of Pakistan concerning the Social Health Protection Programme. A cross-sectional study was carried out, enrolling permanent residents from Islamabad, Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir. The sampling frame was provided by the Sehat Sahulat Programme (SSP) office in Islamabad, using a simple random sampling method. The study used the 'WHO Health Survey 2002' tool, which is validated, to assess the utilisation and barriers of the Social Health Protection Programme. The study findings indicated that approximately 12% of the participants used the Social Health Protection Programme, while 6.5% experienced barriers in utilisation. The identified barriers were further classified into seeking (3%), reaching (0.25%) and receiving care (3.25%) barriers. A χ2 test of association revealed significant statistical associations between card utilisation and sociodemographic factors such as age and level of education (p value <0.001). Additionally, statistically significant associations were observed with hospitalisation in the last year, duration and frequency of hospitalisation (p value <0.001). However, no statistically significant association was found between the utilisation of SSP and utilisation barriers. The SSP had a low utilisation ratio due to the fact that half of the enrolled households were satisfied with their health conditions and did not feel the need for hospitalisation.
The objective of this research was to analyze and elucidate the sagittal spinal posture status in older elementary school children, considering their gender and grade differences. The study involved 484 school children (252 males and 232 females) from grades V to VIII, assessed for sagittal spinal posture using the Formetric 4D System. The analysis, employing the Chi-squared test of independence along with the Z-test, did not reveal significant grade-related differences (p < 0.52) in the incidence of normal sagittal alignment or diagnosed outliers. However, within grade levels, no significant difference was observed for male participants (p < 0.80), while a significant difference was identified for females (p < 0.01). Examining gender differences across grades, a disparity was noted only among seventh graders concerning normal spine alignment and outlier existence (p < 0.01), favoring male participants. Regardless of the grade, a significant gender difference emerged in the location of diagnosed outliers: kyphosis (M = 108 vs. F = 72), lordosis (M = 5 vs. F = 14), kypholordosis (M = 18 vs. F = 66), and flatback outlier of the lumbar spine (M = 27 vs. F = 11). These findings suggest potential adjustments to the curriculum and highlight the need to tailor physical education instruction based on this study's outcomes. Consequently, these results imply the importance of a differentiated approach in preventing sagittal plane outliers of the spine in adolescent children.
The objective of this research was to examine gender differences in entrepreneurial venture interests drawing on goal congruity theory, which posits that people adopt gender-stereotypic goal orientations in response to social pressures to conform to traditional gender roles. Aspiring entrepreneurs (N = 351) first wrote about what they believed made an entrepreneur successful. They then completed measures of agentic and communal goal orientations (i.e., male and female stereotypic orientations, respectively) and indicated their interests in starting ventures in stereotypically feminine (e.g., salon), masculine (e.g., auto-repair) and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM; e.g., software developer) ventures. Analysis of open-ended responses demonstrated that participants ascribed more agentic and, specifically, more dominance attributes to entrepreneurs than communal attributes (e.g., warmth). Bifactor structural equation modeling indicated that, as expected, agentic goal orientations included dimensions of competence, self-direction, and dominance orientations; communal goal orientations were unidimensional. Further, as expected, dominance and communal orientations partially accounted for gender differences in all three career types. We discuss implications for entrepreneurial education and practice from a goal congruity perspective and the use of bifactor modeling to improve the measurement of goal orientations.