Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The development of movement skills is the basic goal of physical and sports education. Their level is a determining factor in the subsequent involvement of the child in physical activities. Goal is to contribute to the knowledge of basic motor competencies (BMC) in the 3rd and 4th grade boys and girls from elementary schools. We collected data from 468 children (Mage = 9.6, SD = 0.6 years; 228 girls and 240 boys) from 16 third grade and 16 fourth grade classes at ten elementary schools in different parts (central, west, north) of the Slovak Republic. The primary data on the basic motor competencies of the examined groups were obtained by means of the MOBAK-3 test battery. Construct validity was analyzed by confirmatory factorial analysis and relationships between BMC and age, gender and BMI were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Boys had a better performance in object movement activities than the girls p < 0.01. Situation in self-movement activities was different, girls had a better performance than boys p < 0.05. The general expectation that grade is a factor to improve the performance in basic motor competencies in the compared 3rd- and 4th-graders was not clearly fulfilled. This assumption was only confirmed in girls (object movement p < 0.05, self movement p < 0.01). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of basic motor competencies on object-movement and self-movement, while gender, BMI and age were confirmed as significant covariances. The theory of BMC in the 3rd- and 4th-graders at elementary schools is an appropriate method to uncover the grounds for a positive attitude to physical activities later in life.
The development of new agricultural science is a new idea and a new measure that aims to deepen the reform of higher education in agriculture and forestry for the development of new agriculture, new countryside, new farmers and new ecosystem. It is therefore essential for the current undergraduate experimental teaching reform to timely introduce new technologies and new methods used in the development of agriculture and forestry industry into the experimental course teaching, and promote the integration of professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education, according to the requirements of the new agricultural science. In view of this, the exploration and practice of molecular biology experiment course was carried out from the perspective of experimental projects, teaching modes and evaluation methods, according to the teaching requirements and characteristics of molecular biology experiment and teachers' scientific research achievements. The results showed that this reform greatly improved the students' comprehensive quality and innovation ability and may facilitate the innovation experiment teaching of other courses.
The development of professional values in nursing students is an important issue for the nursing profession. However, the research on nursing students' professional values and its related factors is very limited. This cross-sectional and correlational study aimed to examine the mediating effect of empathy between moral sensitivity and professional values. This study was conducted with 328 second, third and fourth-year students. The participants completed an online survey consisting of the student information form, Modified Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire for Student Nurses, Empathic Tendency Scale and Nursing Professional Values Scale. The results showed that moral sensitivity affected undergraduate nursing students' professional values not only directly but also indirectly through empathic tendency. The results of the study show that moral sensitivity and empathic tendency support the acquisition of professional values in undergraduate nursing students. Nurse educators needs to realize that can be improved professional values by integrating moral sensitivity and empathic tendency in their curriculum.
The development of programming skills and computational thinking in the formal educational context is one of the most recent horizons set by many educational systems worldwide. Although the first computational thinking initiatives are being applied from the earliest school ages, this research focuses on the secondary education level. Specifically, the objective is the following: to analyse the implementation of Arduino, as well as the benefits and opportunities it brings to secondary school students. For this purpose, documentary research has been undertaken applying a systematic review according to the PRISMA 2020 framework following the PiCoS strategy. Atlas.ti 9 was used to analyse the information. Out of 316 papers identified, 37 were included in the research. In relation to the results, Arduino is primarily used in technology and physics subjects, although it is also used to develop interdisciplinary STEAM projects. As a rule, it is used to learn programming languages, but likewise as a resource to develop science experiments. LED lights, servomotors and breadboards are among the most commonly used resources together with the Arduino board. and Scratch was the most widely used software. The initiatives implemented have yielded both positive and negative results, for example, one drawback is that some projects are very difficult, and some achievements such as: increased motivation towards the contents addressed or also the development of some soft skills, such as problem solving.
The development of robust artificial intelligence models for echocardiography has been limited by the availability of annotated clinical data. Here, to address this challenge and improve the performance of cardiac imaging models, we developed EchoCLIP, a vision-language foundation model for echocardiography, that learns the relationship between cardiac ultrasound images and the interpretations of expert cardiologists across a wide range of patients and indications for imaging. After training on 1,032,975 cardiac ultrasound videos and corresponding expert text, EchoCLIP performs well on a diverse range of benchmarks for cardiac image interpretation, despite not having been explicitly trained for individual interpretation tasks. EchoCLIP can assess cardiac function (mean absolute error of 7.1% when predicting left ventricular ejection fraction in an external validation dataset) and identify implanted intracardiac devices (area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84, 0.92 and 0.97 for pacemakers, percutaneous mitral valve repair and artificial aortic valves, respectively). We also developed a long-context variant (EchoCLIP-R) using a custom tokenizer based on common echocardiography concepts. EchoCLIP-R accurately identified unique patients across multiple videos (AUC of 0.86), identified clinical transitions such as heart transplants (AUC of 0.79) and cardiac surgery (AUC 0.77) and enabled robust image-to-text search (mean cross-modal retrieval rank in the top 1% of candidate text reports). These capabilities represent a substantial step toward understanding and applying foundation models in cardiovascular imaging for preliminary interpretation of echocardiographic findings.
The development of science writing and presentation skills is necessary for a successful science career. Too often these skills are not included in pre- or postsecondary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, leading to a disconnect between high schoolers' expectations for college preparedness and the skills needed to succeed in college. The Young Scientist Program Summer Focus recruits high school students from historically marginalized backgrounds to participate in 8-week summer internships at Washington University in St. Louis. Students conduct hands-on biomedical research projects under the mentorship of Washington University scientists (graduate students, postdoctorates, lab staff). Here, we present the curriculum for a science communication course that accompanies this early research experience. The course is designed to strengthen students' communication skills (critical reading, writing, presenting, and peer review) through a combination of weekly lectures and active learning methods. It prepares students for the capstone of their summer internship: writing a scientific paper and presenting their results at a closing symposium. We administered pre- and postprogram surveys to four Summer Focus cohorts to determine whether the course met its learning objectives. We found significant improvements in students' self-confidence in reading, interpreting, and communicating scientific data. Thus, this course provides a successful model for introducing science literacy and communication skills that are necessary for any career in STEM. We provide a detailed outline of the course structure and content so that this training can be incorporated into any undergraduate and graduate research programs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Strong communication skills are necessary for a successful scientific career. Here, we describe the curriculum for a science communication course designed to accompany high school students participating in a summer biomedical research program. The course aims to improve their scientific literacy and communication skills. Students learn to read and understand scientific literature, write a paper about their summer research project, present their results, and provide feedback to peers. We found significant improvements in students' self-confidence in reading, interpreting, and communicating scientific data after completing the course. This successful model serves as a guide for students participating in their first research experience and provides the skills for success in future science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and careers. The curriculum presented here can be easily adapted for any research program, including undergraduate summer research experiences and graduate student laboratory rotations.
The development of scientific visual literacy has been identified as critical to the training of tomorrow's scientists and citizens alike. Within the context of the molecular life sciences in particular, visual representations frequently incorporate various components, such as discipline-specific graphical and diagrammatic features, varied levels of abstraction, and spatial arrangements of visual elements to convey information. Visual literacy is achieved when an individual understands the various ways in which a discipline uses these components to represent a particular way of knowing. Owing to the complex nature of visual representations, the activities through which visual literacy is developed have high cognitive load. Cognitive load can be reduced by first helping students to become fluent with the discrete components of visual representations before asking them to simultaneously integrate these components to extract the intended meaning of a representation. We present a taxonomy for characterizing one component of visual representations-the level of abstraction-as a first step in understanding the opportunities afforded students to develop fluency. Further, we demonstrate how our taxonomy can be used to analyze course assessments and spur discussions regarding the extent to which the development of visual literacy skills is supported by instruction within an undergraduate biochemistry curriculum.
The development potential of China's medical insurance market is huge, and the research on medical insurance demand has always been the focus of academic discussions. As a result, the discipline of behavioral economics is derived, which aims to explain the decision-making behavior of individual insurance consumption. Among them, the focus of this study was to investigate the influence of individual psychological characteristics and cognitive level on insurance behavior under the difference of reference points. This paper combined behavioral insurance, actuarial mathematics and the econometrics knowledge system, comprehensive theoretical analysis, and empirical tests and analyzed the impact mechanism of individual frame effect on medical insurance demand under different reference points at multiple levels. At the same time, based on the risk self-assessment of outdoor sports, the artificial intelligence of insurance psychology was analyzed. Based on the correlation vector machine algorithm and the theoretical basis combined with the dual perspective of insurance products, the expected utility model was established under the "guarantee framework", and the prospect theoretical model was established under the "profit and loss framework". The framing effect was used to measure the relative size of "guarantee utility" and "profit and loss utility", and a high-insurance-rate model and a low-insurance-rate model were established. The theoretical model analysis found that under the high insurance rate, because the "profit and loss utility" is positive, the size of the individual frame effect is positively correlated with the willingness to insure. Under the low insurance rate, because the "profit and loss utility" is negative, the size of the individual frame effect is negatively correlated with the willingness to insure. The research results of this paper show that insurance is an important beginning of insurance consumption behavior, which includes the complex mentality and emotion of consumers on insurance activities. The insurance demand of policyholders is formed by the joint action of external and internal incentives. Many factors such as income level and education level play an important role in insurance consumption decision making.
The diagnosis of limb apraxia relies mainly on exclusion criteria (e.g., elementary motor or sensory deficits, aphasia). Due to the diversity of apraxia definitions and assessment methods, patients may or may not show apraxia depending on the chosen assessment method or theory, making the definition of apraxia somewhat arbitrary. As a result, "apraxia" may be diagnosed in patients with different cognitive impairments. Based on a quantitative and critical review of the literature, it is argued that this situation has its roots in the evolution from a task-based approach (i.e., the use of gold standard tests to detect apraxia) toward a process-based approach, namely, the deconstruction of the conceptual or production systems of action into multiple cognitive processes: language, executive functions, working memory, semantic memory, body schema, body image, visual-spatial skills, social cognition, visual-kinesthetic engrams, manipulation knowledge, technical reasoning, structural inference, and categorical apprehension. The coexistence of both approaches in the current literature is a major challenge that stands in the way of a scientific definition of apraxia. As a step toward a solution, we suggest to focus on symptoms, and on two complementary definition criteria (in addition with traditional exclusion criteria): Specificity (i.e., is apraxia explained by the alteration of cognitive processes specifically dedicated to gesture production? ), and consistency (i.e., is the gesture production impairment consistent across tasks?). Two categories of limb apraxia are proposed: symptomatic apraxia (i.e., gesture production deficits that are secondary to more general cognitive impairments) and idiopathic apraxia (i.e., gesture production deficits that can be observed in isolation). It turns out that the only apraxia subtype that fulfills exclusion, specificity, and consistency criteria is limb-kinetic apraxia. A century after Liepmann's demonstration of the autonomy of apraxia toward language, the autonomy of this syndrome toward the rest of cognition remains an open question, while it poses new challenges to apraxia studies.
The diagnostic accuracy of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) is limited by subjectivity in result interpretation and the false positive results from certain similar anatomic structures. We aimed to establish a new model combining quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound, PI-RADSv2, clinical parameters to optimize the PI-RADSv2-based model. The analysis was conducted based on a data set of 151 patients from 2019 to 2022, multiple regression analysis showed that prostate specific antigen density, age, PI-RADSv2, quantitative parameters (rush time, wash-out area under the curve) were independent predictors. Based on these predictors, we established a new predictive model, the AUCs of the model were 0.910 and 0.879 in training and validation cohort, which were higher than those of PI-RADSv2-based model (0.865 and 0.821 in training and validation cohort). Net Reclassification Index analysis indicated that the new predictive model improved the classification of patients. Decision curve analysis showed that in most risk probabilities, the new predictive model improved the clinical utility of PI-RADSv2-based model. Generally, this new predictive model showed that quantitative parameters from contrast enhanced ultrasound could help to improve the diagnostic performance of PI-RADSv2 based model in detecting csPCa.
The diagnostic process for patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) remains complex. The aim of this study was to characterise the diagnostic care pathway and identify barriers and potential solutions to access a timely and accurate ILD diagnosis. This mixed-method study was comprised of a quantitative chart review, patient and physician surveys and focus groups. Chart review was completed for 97 patients. Median time from symptom onset to ILD diagnosis was 12.0 (IQR 20.5) months, with 46% diagnosed within 1 year. Time from first computed tomography (CT) scan to respirology referral was 2.4 (IQR 21.2) months. Referrals with a prior CT were triaged sooner than referrals without (1.7±1.6 months vs 3.9±3.3 months, p=0.013, 95% CI 0.48 to 2.94). On patient surveys (n=70), 51% felt that their lung disease was not recognised early enough. Commonly reported challenges to timely diagnosis included delayed presentation to primary care, initial misdiagnoses and long wait-times for specialists. Forty-five per cent of physicians (n=20) identified diagnostic delays, attributed to delayed presentations to primary care (58%), initial misdiagnoses (67%) and delayed chest imaging (75%). Themes from patient and respirologist focus groups included patient-related, healthcare provider-related and system-related factors leading to delays in diagnosis. This mixed-methods study identified patient and system-related factors that contribute to diagnostic delays for patients with ILD, with most delays occurring prior to respirology referral. ILD awareness and education, earlier presentation to primary care, expedited access to chest imaging and earlier referral to respirology may expedite diagnosis.
The diagnostic process is a dynamic, team-based activity that is an important aspect of ward rounds in teaching hospitals. However, few studies have examined how academic ward teams operate in areas such as diagnosis in the handoff of overnight admissions during ward rounds. This study draws key lessons from team interactions in the handoff process during ward rounds. To describe how ward teams operate in the handoff of patients admitted overnight during ward rounds, and to characterize the role of the bedside patient evaluation in this context. A qualitative ethnographic approach using field observations and documentary analysis. Attending physicians, medical residents, and medical students on general medicine services in a single teaching hospital. Thirty-five hours of observations were undertaken over a 4-month period. We purposively approached a diverse group of attendings who cover a range of clinical teaching experience, and obtained informed consent from all ward team members and observed patients. Thirty patient handoffs were observed across 5 ward teams with 45 team members. We conducted thematic analysis of researcher field notes and electronic health record documents using social cognitive theories to characterize the dynamic interactions occurring in the real clinical environment. Teams spent less time during ward rounds on verifying history and physical examination findings, performing bedside evaluations, and discussing differential diagnoses than other aspects (e.g., reviewing patient data in conference rooms) in the team handoff process of overnight admissions. Several team-based approaches to diagnosis and bedside patient evaluations were observed, including debriefing for learning and decision-making. This study highlights potential strengths and missed opportunities for teaching, learning, and engaging directly with patients in the ward team handoff of patients admitted overnight. These findings may inform curriculum development, faculty training, and patient safety research.
The Dietary Intake Monitoring Application (DIMA) is an electronic dietary self-monitor developed for use on a personal digital assistant (PDA). This paper describes how computer, information, numerical, and visual literacy were considered in development of DIMA. An iterative, participatory design approach was used. Forty individuals receiving hemodialysis at an urban inner-city facility, primarily middle-aged and African American, were recruited. Computer literacy was considered by assessing abilities to complete traditional/nontraditional PDA tasks. Information literacy was enhanced by including a Universal-Product-Code (UPC) scanner, picture icons for food with no UPC code, voice recorder, and culturally sensitive food icons. Numerical literacy was enhanced by designing DIMA to compute real-time totals that allowed individuals to see their consumption relative to their dietary prescription. Visual literacy was considered by designing the graphical interface to convey intake data over a 24-h period that could be accurately interpreted by patients. Pictorial icons for feedback graphs used objects understood by patients. Preliminary data indicate the application is extremely helpful for individuals as they self-monitor their intake. If desired, DIMA could also be used for dietary counseling.
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, a legislative measure ushering in a novel class of complementary healthcare products known as dietary supplements, will mark its 30th anniversary in October 2024. Over this 30-year period, dietary supplement usage evolved from a few hundred products made up mostly of vitamins, minerals, and select botanical extracts to more than 75,000 single- and multi-ingredient products that are now regular staples in the American healthcare system and used by half of all U.S. consumers. One of the fastest-growing segments of the dietary supplement market during this 3-decade interval has been those products formulated with botanical extracts. Coincident with the growing popularity of botanical dietary supplements (BDS) has been their concomitant ingestion with conventional prescription medications. BDS are complex mixtures of phytochemicals oftentimes exhibiting complex pharmacology. Formulated as concentrated phytochemical extracts, BDS are vehicles for a host of plant secondary metabolites rarely encountered in the typical diet. When taken with prescription drugs, BDS may give rise to clinically significant herb-drug interactions (HDI). Pharmacodynamic HDI describe interactions between phytochemicals and conventional medications at the drug receptor level, while pharmacokinetic HDI stem from phytochemical-mediated induction and/or inhibition of human drug metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters. This review summarizes BDS identified over the last 30 years that pose clinically relevant HDI and whose mechanisms are either pharmacodynamically or pharmacokinetically mediated.