Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Engagement-capable health organisations recognise that consumer engagement (also known as patient engagement, consumer engagement, patient and public involvement) must occur at every level of the organisation if it is to be meaningful and genuine. Despite this aspiration, health organisations struggle to adopt, implement, and embody consumer engagement capability in a way that has yielded impact. The Partner Ring (PR) is an embedded model for building staff capability for consumer partnerships. It is hosted by an employed Patient Partner. PR was implemented at the Agency for Clinical Innovation in New South Wales, Australia. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility (acceptability, demand and practicality) of this innovation to increase consumer engagement capability. One-group post-intervention mixed methods approach to assess feasibility. ACI staff engaged in the PR (n=40 of 89 members). Qualitative data was collected through an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven interactive interview, with 40 responses received between 29 June and 12 July 2023. A framework analysis and Generative AI causal mapping were conducted to identify and visualise causal claims within the texts. Cost and session attendance collected from the same point in time supplemented the analysis. Findings were categorised by the following feasibility constructs: acceptability, demand and practicality. Almost all the respondents indicated their intent to continue using the PR and outlined personal benefits and professional benefits. For example, (n=23, 57%) reacted positively to the psychological safety of the PR, and professionally people identified attendance increased their knowledge and skills (n=23, 57%). The PR is feasible and likely to be an acceptable innovation for building staff capability and consumer engagement skills across a large health system or organisation. It could be adopted or adapted by other jurisdictions.
Engaging in healthy movement behaviours in early childhood is beneficial for children's development, and parents play a critical role in shaping movement habits during these formative years. This study aimed to explore parents' knowledge of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (The Guidelines) and their perceived knowledge and self-efficacy of movement behaviour concepts in early childhood. The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on these variables was also examined. Via a cross-sectional online survey with parents/guardians (n = 576) of young children in Canada, participants' knowledge of The Guidelines (11 items), and perceived knowledge (11 items; 5-point scale) and self-efficacy (11 items; 11-point scale) of movement behaviour concepts in early childhood were examined. Descriptive statistics were calculated for independent variables and multivariate regression models were estimated to examine sociodemographic factors that were associated with participants' knowledge and self-efficacy. Few participants (11.9%) reported to be familiar with The Guidelines. Parents were most knowledgeable about the screen time guideline for children under 2 years (75.0% correctly identified the guideline) and least familiar with the recommendation for toddler/preschooler total physical activity (14.7% correctly identified the guideline). Parents/guardians perceived they were the most knowledgeable about safe sleep practices (65.9% very/extremely knowledgeable) and least knowledgeable about muscle- and bone-strengthening activities (71.8% not at all/somewhat knowledgeable). Overall, parents/guardians were moderately confident in promoting healthy movement behaviours (M = 6.01; SD = 1.73). Participants with higher levels of education reported significantly higher perceived knowledge compared to those who were less educated (p = .004), and parents/guardians identifying as White reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy compared to parents/guardians from minority ethnic groups (p = .028). Finally, parents/guardians who were more physically active reported both higher perceived knowledge (p < .001) and self-efficacy (p < .001) than those who were less active. These findings shed light on the need to raise awareness of The Guidelines among parents of young children and highlight specific movement behaviour concepts in need of focus in future training for this population. Targeted education for parents/guardians from lower socioeconomic groups is also needed to address equity concerns. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44167-024-00051-x.
Engaging patients living with or at risk of aortic dissection via the Aortic Dissection Collaborative, physician education in vascular genetics was identified as a research priority. We surveyed vascular surgeons to characterize practice patterns, motivations, and barriers regarding aortopathy genetic testing. An anonymous 27-question survey was distributed on social media platforms between November and December 2022. Domains included demographics, vascular genetic education, testing attitudes and utilization, and experience in treating patients with genetic vascular aortopathies. The analysis included summary statistics and unpaired t-test to compare responses by interest in incorporating testing and practice type. A total of 171 vascular surgeons from 15 countries responded to the survey (23% trainees). Over half received vascular genetics education during training (59%), and most (86%) were interested in incorporating genetic testing into their practice. Academic surgeons were more likely to have cared for a patient with a known genetic aortopathy over the past year than surgeons in hospital-based and private practices (83% vs. 56% vs. 27%; P < 0.01), to have ever made a referral to a medical geneticist (78% vs. 51% vs. 9%; P < 0.01), and have access to genetic counselors or geneticists (66% vs. 46% vs. 0%; P < 0.01). Barriers to genetic testing were rated as more significant by surgeons in nonacademic practices, with top barriers being insurance coverage of testing, cost of genetic testing, and access to genetic counselors. Evidence-based professional society guidelines were the strongest rated motivating factor for testing incorporation among respondents. Vascular surgeon attitudes are not major barriers to incorporating genetic testing for patients with aortopathies; however, practical challenges regarding genetic testing and counseling are barriers to implementation especially for vascular surgeons in nonacademic practices. Future efforts should focus on evidence-based society guidelines, continuing medical education to increase adoption, and facilitating access to genetic counseling.
Engaging students in small-group active learning methods is essential for their development. Yet, medical teachers frequently face difficulties in stimulating this engagement, resulting in students remaining passive or detached from the learning process. The aim of this study was to uncover ways in which expert medical teachers, proficient at cultivating high levels of student engagement, stimulate such engagement. This knowledge might inform faculty development initiatives, so that medical teachers can be better equipped to teach in a way that engages students. We conducted an interview study using a constructivist grounded theory approach, integrating elements from appreciative inquiry. The eleven participants were qualified medical teachers who repeatedly received high scores on student engagement. Each interview was transcribed, coded, and analyzed using constant comparison until theoretical saturation was achieved. We constructed a grounded theory of expert teaching practice, describing student engagement as an integrated process consisting of three components: 1) aiming for a supportive learning environment; 2) employing a personal educational approach; and 3) facilitating the active learning process. This study uncovered that there are multiple ways to stimulate high levels of student engagement. Although there was consensus on the importance of a supportive learning environment and the ability to facilitate the active learning process, participants recognized the contextual nature of student engagement and took on a reflective mindset to adapt strategies to their specific situations. These findings highlight the need for faculty development initiatives to adopt a comprehensive, context-sensitive approach that considers the complexity of student engagement.
Enhanced health literacy in children has been empirically linked to better health outcomes over the long term; however, few interventions have been shown to improve health literacy. In this context, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can serve as a medium to improve health literacy in children. We tested pediatric conditions using 26 different prompts in ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Microsoft Bing, and Google Bard (now known as Google Gemini). The primary outcome measurement was the reading grade level (RGL) of output as assessed by Gunning Fog, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Automated Readability Index, and Coleman-Liau indices. Word counts were also assessed. Across all models, output for basic prompts such as "Explain" and "What is (are)," were at, or exceeded, the tenth-grade RGL. When prompts were specified to explain conditions from the first- to twelfth-grade level, we found that LLMs had varying abilities to tailor responses based on grade level. ChatGPT-3.5 provided responses that ranged from the seventh-grade to college freshmen RGL while ChatGPT-4 outputted responses from the tenth-grade to the college senior RGL. Microsoft Bing provided responses from the ninth- to eleventh-grade RGL while Google Bard provided responses from the seventh- to tenth-grade RGL. LLMs face challenges in crafting outputs below a sixth-grade RGL. However, their capability to modify outputs above this threshold, provides a potential mechanism for adolescents to explore, understand, and engage with information regarding their health conditions, spanning from simple to complex terms. Future studies are needed to verify the accuracy and efficacy of these tools.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) can accelerate patient recovery. However, little research has been done on optimizing the ERAS-related measures and how the measures interact with each other. The Bayesian network (BN) is a graphical model that describes the dependencies between variables and is also a model for uncertainty reasoning. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for optimizing anesthetic decisions in ERAS and then investigate the relationship between anesthetic decisions and outcomes. First, assuming that the indicators used were independent, the effects of combinations of single indicators were analyzed based on BN. Additionally, the impact indicators for outcomes were selected with statistical tests. Then, based on the previously selected indicators, the Bayesian network was constructed using the proposed structure learning method based on Strongly Connected Components (SCC) Local Structure determination by Hill Climbing Twice (LSHCT) and adjusted according to the expert's knowledge. Finally, the relationship is analyzed. The proposed method is validated by the real clinical data of patients with benign gynecological tumors from 3 hospitals in China. Postoperative length of stay (LOS) and total cost (TC) were chosen as the outcomes. Experimental results show that the ERAS protocol has some pivotal indicators influencing LOS and TC. Identifying the relationship between these indicators can help anesthesiologists optimize the ERAS protocol and make individualized decisions.
Enhancement of the teacher well-being level has grown into a general, pressing problem to be solved in the domain of education worldwide. Based on the theoretical perspective of the multi-level dynamically formed mechanical model of occupational well-being, this study initially constructed a mechanism model with the occupational well-being role of organizational support, job crafting, and the occupational well-being of new math teachers at primary and junior high schools, and conducted empirical research using structural equation modeling. The study found out that organizational support, job crafting and basic psychological needs have prominent and positive effects on the occupational well-being of the new math teachers in primary up to junior high schools. It also argues that basic psychological needs may mediate the correlation between organizational support, job crafting, and the occupational well-being of the new math teachers. To sum up, the study findings reveal the mechanisms of the role in organizational support and job crafting on the occupational well-being of new primary up to junior high school math teachers. Also, the findings may be conducive to extending the research on the factors that influence the teacher well-being, notably fostering the study on that in the math teachers in the primary up to junior high schools of China.
Enhancing cancer literacy, promoting early detection, and avoiding treatment delays are essential for reducing breast cancer mortality and ensuring a good quality of life among women in less developed countries. The present paper describes the breast screening practices of women in the Alappuzha district of Kerala state, India. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select study participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered using Kobo Toolbox, and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics-25 for Windows. The proportions of women who practiced breast examinations were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. The Chi-square test was used to test the associations, and binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Among 320 women, 55% were less than 50 years old, 45% had higher secondary education or above, and six were already diagnosed with breast cancer (1.9%, 95% CI: 0.4%-3.4%). Of the 314 women, 73.2% were practicing breast self-examination (95% CI: 68.4%-78.1%), and 25.2% ever attended clinical breast examination (95% CI: 20.4%-30.0%). Working/retired/self-employed women with higher secondary education and above had almost 10 times higher odds (OR = 10, 95% CI: 3.35-29.86) of practicing breast self-examination (BSE) compared to homemakers or women working under rural employment schemes with a low level of education. A higher percentage of women practicing BSE and clinical breast examination (CBE) in the present study indicates that women in this population are more concerned about breast cancer. Women should be educated more on the symptoms and risk factors, the proper ways of practicing BSE, and the importance of consulting a health practitioner for CBE. Also, it is crucial to ensure that awareness and screening programs reach marginalized women.
Enhancing the academic performance (AP) of college students can contribute to the overall scientific literacy among this population, thereby fostering societal progress. The study investigates the correlation between college students' AP and the socio-educational environment (SEE, including family, roommates, and teachers), study motivation (SM, including self-efficacy and study behaviors). Based on the research findings, recommendations are offered to students, educators, and school administrators. Utilizing a stratified sampling approach, data was collected by selecting a sample of 330 first-year computer science students from a specific local university in Hebei Province, China. Data will be collected through a hierarchical sampling method. Using correlation analysis, difference analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) as data analysis methods. The data passed reliability and validity analysis (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.88, KMO = 0.88, χ2/df = 1.49RMSEA = 0.04). The independent sample T-test results showed that female students had higher academic performance than male students (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in academic performance between students from single parent or orphan families and students from normal families (p = 0.14), from non urban areas and from urban areas (p = 0.67). The results of the mediating effect analysis indicate that SM exerts complete mediation in the association between SEE and AP, with a mediating effect value of 0.18. The educational disparity between urban and rural areas in China is gradually narrowing. Support policies for students from impoverished families in higher education institutions are showing initial effectiveness. The conducive learning environment and educational atmosphere for students can indirectly influence their psychological state, thus impacting their academic performance during their university years.
Enhancing the design of family planning interventions is crucial for promoting gender equality and improving maternal and child health outcomes. We identified, critically appraised, and synthesized policies and strategies from five selected countries that successfully increased family planning coverage. We conducted a policy analysis through a scoping review and document search, focusing on documents published from 1950 to 2023 that examined or assessed policies aimed at enhancing family planning coverage in Brazil, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Rwanda. A search was conducted through PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Government documents and conference proceedings were also critically analyzed. National health surveys were analyzed to estimate time trends in demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (mDFPS) at the national level and by wealth. Changes in the method mix were also assessed. The findings of the studies were presented in a narrative synthesis. We selected 231 studies, in which 196 policies were identified. All countries started to endorse family planning in the 1960s, with the number of identified policies ranging between 21 in Ecuador and 52 in Ethiopia. Most of the policies exclusively targeted women and were related to supplying contraceptives and enhancing the quality of the services. Little focus was found on monitoring and evaluation of the policies implemented. Among the five selected countries, a multitude of actions were happening simultaneously, each with its own vigor and enthusiasm. Our findings highlight that these five countries were successful in increasing family planning coverage by implementing broader multi-sectoral policies and considering the diverse needs of the population, as well as the specific contextual factors at play. Successful policies require a nuanced consideration of how these policies align with each culture's framework, recognizing that both sociocultural norms and the impact of past public policies shape the current state of family planning.
Enhancing the quality of therapeutic engagement between nurse and service user is related to positive impact on care, safety, and recovery outcomes. Achieving improved therapeutic engagement remains challenging in the acute mental health inpatient setting, characterised by complex social processes and contextual features that constrain behaviour change. The Therapeutic Engagement Questionnaire is an evidence-based tool co-produced with service users and nurses to improve therapeutic engagement. The objectives of this quality improvement project were to identify the organisational and nursing behaviour changes associated with the Therapeutic Engagement Questionnaire and to understand the active behaviour change ingredients of the improvement tool and how they exert their influence. A qualitative multi-site case study design in which data were collected from study site field notes and document review. Four acute mental health inpatient case study sites in England. Data referencing Therapeutic Engagement Questionnaire-linked behaviour change in project meeting field notes and documents from each study site were analysed using an inductive and deductive approach with thematic analysis. The Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour model was employed as a theoretical framework. The therapeutic engagement tool had the capacity to prompt behaviour change across all three components of the behaviour change model: Capability - through nurses sharing good therapeutic engagement practice and use of statements in the questionnaire to build nurses' knowledge and skills; Opportunity - through organisational barriers being addressed and ward-level practice and culture changes; Motivation - through nurses' awareness of their influence on service user recovery, nurses' alertness to their therapeutic work, and connections between the therapeutic engagement tool and nursing core values. However, the tool did not accord with the values of some nurses, reported to be unmotivated by the recognition it gave their profession for contribution to service user recovery. In sites evidencing more prominent behaviour change, senior leader and ward-level agents of change played a valuable facilitative role. The therapeutic engagement tool had the potential to prompt behaviour changes at organisation and ward level and to the ways individual nurses therapeutically engage with service users, helping strengthen therapeutic engagement practice. Leadership at senior organisational and ward level was important to address contextual barriers to change. The project resulted in a conceptual framework to explain and understand the behaviour change techniques and functions linked to the therapeutic engagement tool. Longevity of the behaviour changes and their impact on service user quality of care requires future evaluation. A therapeutic engagement tool can prompt organisational and nursing behaviour change in acute mental health inpatient settings.
Enrolment of informal sector workers in Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) is critical to achieving increased risk-pooling and attainment of Universal Health Coverage. However, the NHIS has struggled over the years to improve enrolment of this subpopulation. This study analysed effect of social capital on enrolment of informal sector workers in the NHIS. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 528 members of hairdressers and beauticians, farmers, and commercial road transport drivers' groups. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and multinomial logit regression model were used to analyse the data. Social capital including membership in occupational group, trust, and collective action were significantly associated with enrolment in the NHIS, overall. Other factors such as household size, education, ethnicity, and usual source of health care were, however, correlated with both enrolment and dropout. Notwithstanding these factors, the chance of enrolling in the NHIS and staying active was 44.6% higher for the hairdressers and beauticians; the probability of dropping out of the scheme was 62.9% higher for the farmers; and the chance of never enrolling in the scheme was 22.3% higher for the commercial road transport drivers. Social capital particularly collective action and predominantly female occupational groups are key determinants of informal sector workers' participation in the NHIS. Policy interventions to improve enrolment of this subpopulation should consider group enrolment, targeting female dominated informal sector occupational groups. Further studies should consider inclusion of mediating and moderating variables to provide a clearer picture of the relationship between occupational group social capital and enrolment in health insurance schemes.