Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Background Poor nutrition and lifestyle choices are major contributors to the development and progression of various chronic diseases. Enhancing patients' awareness of healthy nutrition and lifestyle habits by interprofessional healthcare teams can play a significant role in tackling many chronic diseases, particularly in underserved communities with inequitable access to healthcare and educational opportunities. However, healthcare professionals are not adequately prepared to provide effective, culturally competent nutrition and lifestyle coaching due to a lack of emphasis on these topics in the curricula of many healthcare professional programs. Objective This study introduces a virtual, interprofessional, team-based elective course to address the curricular gap in nutrition education among healthcare professional programs. Methods Quantitative and qualitative pre-/post-surveys were utilized to evaluate course impact on student's knowledge, confidence in coaching families, and interprofessional competencies. Quantitative pre-/post-training scores were analyzed by a two-tailed, Mann-Whitney test, where P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference. Additionally, student learning outcomes were assessed using readiness assurance tests and application exercises, along with end-of-course presentations and mock interviews. Results Pre-/post-course assessments (n = 16) demonstrated significant improvement in students' confidence in coaching families (20%; P = 0.01) and knowledge of coaching curriculum (87%; P < 0.001). Improvement in different interprofessional competencies ranged between 15% (P = 0.002) and 46% (P < 0.001). Course material/activities, facilitation, impact on learning new knowledge/skills/mindset, and application in future practice were applauded by 81-94% of students. Conclusion Positive outcomes of this course encourage future offerings and systematic incorporation of similar training in healthcare professional programs to prepare clinicians capable of transforming lives through interprofessional, patient-centered nutrition and lifestyle coaching.
Background Postoperative acute heart failure (AHF) in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery is a common complication. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factor of AHF after hip fracture surgery among the older population. Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed on 88 admitted patients whose hip fractures were fixed via internal fixation surgery in a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2022 to March 2023. Recruitment of patients was made through established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical approval and informed consent were also gained before the data collection. A self-designed form was used to collect data. Data analysis was carried out in the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to compare the attributes of the patients with AHF and patients without AHF. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the postoperative AHF and its potential risk factors. Results Out of 88 enrolled patients, 12 (13.64%) had developed postoperative AHF. Age ≥ 65 years (OR = 2.606, 95% CI = 1.035~4.160, p = 0.010), anemia (OR = 3.178, 95% CI = 1.847~5.990, p = 0.029), hypertension (OR = 2.019, 95% CI = 1.110~4.034, p = 0.012), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.003, 95% CI = 1.115~4.012, p = 0.015), hypoalbuminemia (OR = 2.486, 95% CI = 1.218~4.619, p = 0.030), and operation time ≥ 120 minutes (OR = 1.702, 95% CI = 1.099~2.880, p = 0.018), were the risk factors of postoperative AHF in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. Conclusions In the study population, the incidence of postoperative heart failure was significant and age ≥ 65 years, anemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, and operation time ≥ 120 were significantly involved in the development of it. Preoperative identification and management of AHF risk factors could lead to the prevention of postoperative complications.
Background Reflective practice is an integral component of continuing professional development. However, assessing the written narration is complex and difficult. Rubric is a potential tool that can overcome this difficulty. We aimed to develop, validate and estimate inter-rater reliability of an analytical rubric used for assessing reflective narration. Methods A triangulation type of mixed-methods design (Qual-Nominal group Technique, Quan-Analytical follow-up design and Qual-Open-ended response) was adopted to achieve the study objectives. Faculties involved in the active surveillance of Covid-19 participated in the process of development of assessment rubrics. The reflective narrations of medical interns were assessed by postgraduates with and without the rubric. Steps recommended by the assessment committee of the University of Hawaii were followed to develop rubrics. Content validity index and inter-rater reliability measures were estimated. Results An analytical rubric with eight criteria and four mastery levels yielding a maximum score of 40 was developed. There was a significant difference in the mean score obtained by interns when rated without and with the developed rubrics. Kendall's coefficient of concordance, which is a measure of concordance of scorers among more than two scorers, was higher after using rubrics. Conclusion Our attempt to develop an analytical rubric for assessing reflective narration was successful in terms of the high content validity index and better inter-rater concordance. The same process can be replicated to develop any such analytical rubric in the future.
Background Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is an overgrowth of the normal flora of the reproductive tract. It is an iatrogenic infection caused by unhygienic practices like unsafe abortion. Lack of knowledge plays a major role among the factors associated. The District Level Health Survey (DLHS)-4 reported that the knowledge about RTI among the rural population of Tamil Nadu is 8 percent. It is thus necessary to know about their knowledge regarding RTI. Aim To assess the knowledge regarding reproductive tract infection among the ever-married rural women in the reproductive age group in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Settings and design A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods The sample size calculated was 330. Using multi-stage random sampling, a population proportion to the calculated sample size was used. A standardized questionnaire was used for data collection. Ethical approval was obtained. Statistical analysis used SPSS -21.0 was used for statistical purposes. A chi-square test was applied for significance. P-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results Among 330 females, 166 (50.3%) presented with any symptom of RTIs in the past three months, and 300 (90.9%) have heard about RTIs, with the main source of information being health education by the health care workers (155, 46.9%); 9.1% (31) females had no or poor knowledge regarding the RTIs. Conclusions Because of a lack of knowledge, RTI was prevalent among women in the rural community who were of reproductive age. Regular health education should be given to women who are fertile in order to increase their understanding.
Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a subtype of anxiety characterized by avoidance, fear, and physical symptoms such as dry mouth, sweating, palpitations, and blushing. SAD is one of the most common mental disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder marked by a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or minor flaws in one's physical appearance. Both disorders share similar symptoms. No satisfactory data have been provided about the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms in our region. In our study, we measured the prevalence and severity of SAD symptoms among adults in Riyadh City, as well as the sociodemographic factors associated with it. Additionally, the correlation between SAD and BDD was assessed. Methods Our study is quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional. It was conducted by administering a translated Arabic version of the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder scale and BDD scales in five locations in Riyadh, which include two general hospitals and three shopping malls. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistical data are presented through mean values, standard deviations, and percentages. Results A total of 752 responses were received, of which 509 (68.32%) were from females with a mean age of 30.12 years. The majority of the sample had a low to middle family income, with 64% earning less than $2555 monthly. The sample possessed a good educational level; 63% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Our study also shows that 233 subjects (30.98%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of SAD. Among these participants, 86 (36.9%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of BDD. There was a significant positive correlation between SAD and BDD (r = 0.496). Conclusion The prevalence of SAD was 30.98%, which is higher compared to Western countries. Low income, education, and female gender have roles in the disease condition. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between SAD and BDD.
Background Social media influencers, particularly those in the fashion domain, have become prominent sources of health-related information, influencing the health behaviors of their followers, especially within the unique socio-cultural context of Saudi Arabia. This study aims to examine the relationship between following fashion influencers on social media and the adoption of healthy behaviors among Saudi residents. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytic component was conducted from August 25, 2023, to December 15, 2023, among Saudi residents aged 18 years and older who actively follow fashion influencers. Data were collected via a structured, validated questionnaire distributed through various social media platforms. Data analysis was performed by employing descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, and logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of negative health behavior outcomes. Results The study included 466 participants, revealing that despite insignificant differences in age and gender, postgraduate education was associated with negative outcomes (p = 0.016). Notably, 8.7% of individuals with negative outcomes held postgraduate degrees, compared to 2.9% in the non-negative group. Participants with negative outcomes more frequently followed influencers offering health tips (p = 0.01) and advocating a healthy lifestyle (p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified individuals who followed influencers with fewer than 10K followers had significantly higher odds of negative outcomes (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4-8.9, p = 0.006). Conclusion Following fashion influencers on social media can influence health behaviors among Saudis, with both positive and negative outcomes. Critical evaluation of influencer content is crucial to avoid potential adverse effects. Further research is also needed to explore the dynamics of influencer impact on health outcomes and to develop strategies for effective health communication in the digital age.
Background Structured reporting has the advantages of reducing ambiguity in written radiology reports with greater uniformity and comparability of reports amongst different institutes. It has multiple facets: structured format, structured content, and standardized language. While structured reporting initiative has been used in various radiology subspecialties such as oncology, cardiothoracic, abdominal and interventional radiology; skeletal dysplasia is a domain that remains largely untouched by this concept. Purpose To evaluate the impact of structured reporting in skeletal dysplasia. Methods and Materials This was an ethically approved pragmatic clinical trial. A defined number (75) of clinically diagnosed and/or genetically confirmed skeletal dysplasia radiographs were evaluated by two radiologists (reader A and reader B) with 5-and 7-years' experience in general radiology, respectively. A pre-defined structured reporting format for skeletal dysplasia was used as an interventional tool. Both the readers interpreted the radiographs before and after the training session. In addition to diagnosis, diagnostic confidence was noted using a semiquantitative scale. Improvement in diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic confidence after training were assessed. McNemar's test was used to assess the statistical significance of difference in proportion of correct diagnoses in pre- and post-education phases. An interrater reliability analysis using the Kappa statistic was performed to determine interobserver agreement between readers both in pre- and post-education phases. Results In the post-education phase, the proportion of accurate diagnosis improved from 48% (36/75) to 64% (48/75) for reader A, and from 44% (33/75) to 60% (45/75) for reader B as compared with the pre-education phase. Amongst the cases with a correct radiologic diagnosis, an increase in diagnostic confidence was noted in 18 cases for reader A, and 15 cases for reader B. In none of the cases, there was a reduction in diagnostic confidence after training. A McNemar's test determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of correct diagnoses in pre- and post-education phases, p < 0.001. The interobserver agreement between the readers was found to increase from Kappa = 0.33 ( p = 0.004) using non-structured reporting in pre-education phase to Kappa = 0.46 ( p < 0.001) using structured reporting in the post-education phase. Conclusion A structured reporting of skeletal survey can improve accuracy and confidence in diagnosing skeletal dysplasia.
Background Surgical site infections (SSIs), the third most common nosocomial infection, endanger hospitals and patients. SSIs must be monitored continuously. This present study examined SSI incidence, risk factors, pathogens, and antibiotic sensitivity in emergency and elective or planned abdominal surgeries. Methods The Dr. S.N. Medical College General Surgery Department in Jodhpur, India, operated on 100 patients. The sample was divided into two 50-person groups. Group A includes emergency surgery patients, while Group B includes elective surgery patients. The samples were aseptically collected and processed according to microbiological methods. Data were processed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20 (released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results Out of a sample size of 100 patients, 17 individuals experienced SSIs. SSI incidence was 16.66% in male patients and 18.18% in female patients. In addition, the rate of SSIs was 26% in the emergency group and 8% in the planned group. The association was stronger among elderly individuals, diabetics (33.33% in Group A and 12.5% in Group B), and anemics with a history of smoking. The association was higher in those who underwent surgery for more than 60 minutes (34.37% in Group A and 18.8% in Group B). The incidence of SSIs was higher in emergency cases compared to elective surgeries, with rates of 26% and 8%, respectively, but was statistically insignificant. The infection rate in clean cases during planned surgery was 3.70%, while clean contaminated cases during planned surgery had a wound infection rate of approximately 13.04%. In emergency surgery, no clean case was operated on, but the SSI rate in the emergency group was 9.09%, 22.22%, and 47.36% in the clean-contaminated, contaminated, and dirty cases, respectively. In Group A, Escherichia coli was the predominant organism found in SSI wounds, while in Group B, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant organism, accounting for 46.15% and 50% of infections, respectively. Amikacin and metronidazole exhibited the highest efficacy against E. coli, with amikacin demonstrating the highest sensitivity. Conclusion SSIs are more common in emergencies than planned procedures. Age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and prolonged surgery are risk factors for SSIs. Effective antibiotic policy and infection control can greatly prevent SSIs.
Background Suturing requires repeated practice with guidance to prevent skill deterioration; however, guidance is often limited by expert availability. There is evidence that augmented reality (AR) may assist procedural skill acquisition among learners. This study examines the use of an AR suture guidance application to assist the independent practice of suturing. Methodology A novel suture guidance application was designed for the Microsoft HoloLens. The guidance system included a calibration system and holograms that projected over a suture pad in a stepwise manner. To assess the application, 30 medical students were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (n = 16) was given 30 minutes of independent suture practice, while the experimental group (n = 14) utilized the suture guidance application. Both groups completed a pre- and post-test wound closure assessment. After the post-test, the control group trialed the suture guidance application. All participants completed a feedback survey on the application. Statistical analysis was completed using Stata (StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA) with paired Student's t-tests and Welch's t-tests with a significance of 95%. Results Both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in total time and time per stitch during the post-test. Additionally, comparing pre- and post-test assessments in the experimental group revealed a significant improvement in the total number of stitches (p = 0.007), the ratio of bisecting stitches (p = 0.02), and the symmetry of stitch bite (p = 0.03). The feedback survey supported the application for guiding suture placement and spacing. Participants identified limitations in the hologram stability and neck positioning. Conclusions This study suggests the potential to use AR to facilitate the independent practice of wound closure within simulation environments.
Background Telemedicine has been recognized as a viable solution for addressing the shortage of medical professionals in developing countries such as Nigeria. Tele-neurology has the potential to provide remote consultations and care for patients with neurological conditions, thereby reducing the burden of travel and improving access to medical care. Despite its growing popularity, there is a lack of research on patient's views on this mode of care delivery in Nigeria. This study was conducted to investigate patient's perspectives on the use of tele-neurology in Nigeria. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 neurology patients at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test using p < 0.05. Results Only 3% of our respondents had previously used telemedicine, with 78.1% of the respondents open to using telemedicine as a means of consultation. The disadvantages of telemedicine noted include limitations in assessing neurological status (94.7%), difficulty in explaining health conditions (84.4%), and lack of technical support (14.6%). The majority of respondents (96.5%) believed telemedicine will help in saving time. There was a statistically significant association between propensity to use telemedicine and time spent in the hospital (0.045) and time off work (<0.001). The propensity to use telemedicine was statistically significant to the use of email (0.001) and type of email address (0.001). Conclusion The findings suggested that there is a need for healthcare providers and policymakers to invest in developing telemedicine to improve access to care.
Background The cluster of metabolic abnormalities known as metabolic syndrome has a significant association with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence rate of metabolic syndrome among a group of patients diagnosed with T2DM, according to the standards set by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Chandka Medical College, Larkana, Pakistan, from June 2019 to 2020. Using the IDF criteria for metabolic syndrome, 131 type 2 diabetics over age 30 were purposively sampled, excluding specific medical conditions and medications. Trained nurses recorded patient demographics, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Relevant laboratory tests were conducted, and metabolic syndrome prevalence was determined. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19, (Released 2010; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), considering both quantitative and qualitative variables. Results The research found that the occurrence of metabolic syndrome was 87.2%. It is worth mentioning that age did not have a considerable connection with metabolic syndrome incidence (p=0.873), as the overwhelming majority of participants in both groups were aged over 40 years. However, there was a clear link (p=0.001) between gender and the 'no metabolic syndrome' group, with more males in this category. Additionally, blood pressure was significantly linked to metabolic syndrome (p=0.001), with most individuals having normal blood pressure in the 'no metabolic syndrome' group. Although serum triglyceride levels were not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (p=0.222), serum HDL cholesterol levels had a significant relationship (p<0.0001), where most people possessed HDL levels ≥40mg/dl in the 'no metabolic syndrome' category. Conclusion The findings of this investigation demonstrated a substantial occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with T2DM, wherein notable links were detected with gender, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol levels. However, no significant correlation was observed with age or serum triglycerides. These results emphasize the necessity for an all-inclusive metabolic care approach for individuals with T2DM.