Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Israeli women. Previous studies found socioeconomic status and other risk factors impact breast cancer outcomes. The ultra-orthodox community is characterized by a longer life expectancy, lower rates of mammography performance, higher fertility rates and other sociodemographic variables that may be related to breast cancer mortality. This study examined disparities in breast cancer mortality between ultra-Orthodox and non-ultra-Orthodox Israeli women. This retrospective cohort study for breast cancer mortality included the all Jewish Israeli citizens women born between 1940 and 1960 and lived in communities with over 20,000 residents (n = 628,617). Data was collected from various sources, monitoring a period of 31 years; for each participants, their sociodemographic characteristics were compiled from the population registry, the tax authority, the education registry, and the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Variables included religiosity, age, marital status, children, origin, education, and income. Multivariable Cox models evaluated predictors of mortality. Of the 628,617 women in the study, 29,611 were ultra-Orthodox. Ultra-Orthodox women had higher marriage rates, more children, and lower secular education and income. Mortality was 108.8/100,000 overall, lower among ultra-Orthodox (83.4/100,000) than non-ultra-Orthodox women (110.1/100,000) despite their risk factors. Using a multivariate model to evaluate the association between ultra-Orthodoxy and breast cancer mortality, the study found higher breast cancer mortality rate among non-ultra-Orthodox women compared to ultra-Orthodox women (HR = 1.491; 99% CI = 1.232, 1.804). Associations with sociodemographic variables were different for each group. Although ultra-Orthodox women have socioeconomic risk factors, breast cancer mortality was lower than non-ultra-Orthodox women. Further research on potential cultural and religious factors influencing mortality is warranted. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating predictors within specific populations.
Breast cancer is the most common and deadly type of cancer in the world. Based on machine learning algorithms such as XGBoost, random forest, logistic regression, and K-nearest neighbor, this paper establishes different models to classify and predict breast cancer, so as to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Recall indicates the probability of detecting malignant cancer cells in medical diagnosis, which is of great significance for the classification of breast cancer, so this article takes recall as the primary evaluation index and considers the precision, accuracy, and F1-score evaluation indicators to evaluate and compare the prediction effect of each model. In order to eliminate the influence of different dimensional concepts on the effect of the model, the data are standardized. In order to find the optimal subset and improve the accuracy of the model, 15 features were screened out as input to the model through the Pearson correlation test. The K-nearest neighbor model uses the cross-validation method to select the optimal k value by using recall as an evaluation index. For the problem of positive and negative sample imbalance, the hierarchical sampling method is used to extract the training set and test set proportionally according to different categories. The experimental results show that under different dataset division (8 : 2 and 7 : 3), the prediction effect of the same model will have different changes. Comparative analysis shows that the XGBoost model established in this paper (which divides the training set and test set by 8 : 2) has better effects, and its recall, precision, accuracy, and F1-score are 1.00, 0.960, 0.974, and 0.980, respectively.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis for women in the USA and ranks second in cancer-related deaths. Disproportionately higher breast cancer rates can be found in rural and Appalachian regions due to several social drivers of health, including poverty, access to healthcare, and lack of culturally sensitive health education. Amish and Mennonite communities, religious groups with distinct cultural practices and beliefs, experience lower mammography screening and higher breast cancer mortality rates (among Amish women). This study focuses on knowledge about breast cancer and causes of cancer among Amish and Mennonite women. A total of 473 women participated in the study at 26 separate women's health clinics throughout Ohio, consisting of 348 Amish and 121 Mennonite women, the largest study conducted on breast cancer knowledge spanning dozens of communities. Statistically significant differences were found in total knowledge scores between Amish and Mennonite women (rpb = .178, n = 466, p = .007), with Amish women having lower scores and stronger beliefs in myths associated with breast cancer cause and symptoms (χ(1) = 7.558, p = .006). Both groups often provided scientifically accurate descriptions of cancer etiology. The majority of participants underestimated breast cancer risk, highlighting the need for culturally appropriate health education programs that consider numeracy and health literacy. By implementing targeted interventions and fostering partnerships with community stakeholders using a multifaceted approach that incorporates cultural sensitivity, community engagement, and collaboration, significant progress can be made towards reducing breast cancer disparities and improving health outcomes.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in adolescents and young adults. Social media, particularly TikTok, has emerged as a crucial platform for sharing health information in this population. This study aims to characterize breast cancer surgery information on TikTok, focusing on content reliability, viewer reception, and areas for improvement. We queried the search terms "breast cancer surgery," "mastectomy," and "lumpectomy" on TikTok, evaluating the top 50 videos for each. After watching each video, characteristics were recorded including: creator characteristics, video metrics, viewer reception, and video content. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlations and t-tests. A total of 138 videos were analyzed (excluding 12 duplicates from the initial 150). These videos received 4,895,373 likes and 109,705 comments. The most common content types were storytelling (57%) and education (20%), and the most common creator types were patients (77.3%) and physicians (10.3%). Videos with educational content by physicians were rare (6.5%). Engagement varied on the basis of video length, search terms, and creator characteristics. Overall, viewer comments predominantly expressed support and interest. Our study reveals that information on breast cancer surgery is widely shared on TikTok and has high viewer engagement. Factors influencing impact include video length, creator background, and search terms. While social media has democratized information sharing, there is a relative lack of physician creators providing objective and educational content. We highlight opportunities for health professionals to engage in social media as a tool for health education and ensure diverse and reliable healthcare content on these platforms.
Breast cancer is the number one cause of cancer death in women globally. According to the Global cancer registry, there were 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in 2020 worldwide, accounting for 25% of all cancer cases in women. The data on the cost burden of breast cancer on households is limited in Ghana, it is therefore imperative that it is estimated to ensure effective planning and provision of adequate resources for breast cancer treatment. This cost-of-illness study estimates the household treatment cost of breast cancer and the cost coping strategies used by patients. This cost-of-illness study was conducted at the surgical unit (Surgical unit 2) of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), with 74 randomly selected patients and their accompanying caregiver(s). Data was collected using structured questionnaire on direct, indirect and intangible costs incurred and coping strategies used by patients and their households. The results are presented in descriptive and analytic cost statistics. Most of the patients were aged 40-69 years and were married with moderate education levels. Nearly 57% of patients earn an income of USD 370 or less per month. The average household expenditure was USD 990.40 (medical cost: USD 789.78; non-medical cost: USD 150.73; and indirect cost: USD 50). The publicly provided mechanism was the most utilized cost coping strategy. The direct, indirect and intangible costs associated with breast cancer treatment had significant financial and psychological implications on patients and their households. Moreover, poorer families are more likely to use the publicly provided strategies to cope with the increasing cost of breast cancer treatment.
Breast cancer outcomes are poor in Nigeria, partly due to late-stage diagnosis. To assess the impact of past and present interventions, a review of an institutional data base was performed to determine the trend with respect to stage at diagnosis over a decade. A retrospective analysis of an institutional data base was performed over a decade. The review period was divided into segments (2013-2015, 2016-2018 and 2019-2022). The latter period (2019-2022), corresponds to a time of more intense community interventions aimed at promoting early diagnosis and treatment around the locality of the teaching hospital. The stage at diagnosis within these periods were compared. The relationship between stage and sociodemographic variables (age, religion, marital status, menopausal status, and level of education) was assessed. There were 910 patients, 144 within the first period (2013-2015), 318 in the second (2016-2018) and 454 in the third period (2019-2022). The majority presented with stage 3 disease (73.8%). There was a significant decline in the proportion of metastatic cases and a concomitant increase in early cases in the latter part of the review. The proportion of metastatic cases reduced from 23.6% (2013-2015), to 15.7% (2016-2018) and 9.3% (2019-2022) (p=0.001). Level of education was significantly associated with stage (p=0.001). This study shows a trend towards downstaging of breast cancer in our locality. This trend corresponds to the period of more intense community interventions, justifying the need to further interrogate the direct impact of each of the interventions. This will provide a firm basis for sustaining or improving on current efforts to achieve more robust gains.
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of unintended death among Indian women. Cancer treatment-induced pain, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, body image, and sexual problems could affect the patient psychosocial well-being and quality of life (QOL). The study aims to determine the QOL and psychosocial well-being among women with breast cancer. A cross-sectional survey completed by 244 women with breast cancer at a tertiary level teaching hospital. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Questionnaire C30, the Breast Module (QLQ-BR23), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is used to measure the QOL, and psychological well-being, respectively. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics are applied to compute the results. The total number of women with breast cancer interviewed was 244, with a mean age of 45.06 (standard deviation ± 11.17) years. The mean global health score was 70.97 ± 15.63. As per the QLQ-C30 scale, "physical functioning" scored the highest (70.54 ± 22.00), and "role functioning" reported the lowest (49.45 ± 36.15) mean score. Further, on the QLQ-C30 symptoms scale, "appetite loss" (45.09 ± 35.09) was the worst reported symptom, followed by "nausea and vomiting" (34.97 ± 38.39). On the BR-23 scale, body image said (68.42 ± 22.28) higher score than other domains and experience of arm-related problems (43.80 ± 26.06) were more frequently reported symptom in women. As per the HADS scale, 24.6% and 36.1% of women were in moderate anxiety and depression, respectively. The mean HADS score was 14.39 ± 5.82. Findings on predictors for the individual patient remained the same as that earlier published literature. Women with breast cancer have an overall good QOL and poor psychosocial well-being. However, using a holistic approach, including identifying psychological problems and their time management, signifies the need for the studied population.
Breast cancer screening plays an important role in the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening results and explore the influencing factors of breast cancer detection rate in Guangdong. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,024,960 women aged 35-64 in Guangdong Province during 2017-2021. The data about breast cancer screening information were collected from the Guangdong maternal and child health information system. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to explain demographic characteristics and results of breast cancer screening. The generalized linear regression model was applied to analyze the related influencing factors of breast cancer detection rate. The estimated detection rate of breast cancer in Guangdong Province is 70.32/105, with an early diagnosis rate of 82.06%. After adjusting covariates, those women with older age (45-55 [OR (95% CI) 2.174 (1.872, 2.526)], 55-65 [OR (95% CI) 2.162 (1.760, 2.657)]), education for high school ([OR (95% CI) 1.491 (1.254, 1.773)]) and older age at first birth ([OR (95% CI) 1.632 (1.445, 1.844)]) were more likely to have higher detection rate of breast cancer. No history of surgery or biopsy ([OR (95% CI) 0.527 (0.387, 0.718)]), no history of breast cancer check ([OR (95% CI) 0.873 (0.774, 0.985)]) and no family history of breast cancer ([OR (95% CI) 0.255 (0.151, 0.432)]) women were more likely to screen negative for breast cancer (P < 0.05). The detection rate of breast cancer in screening showed an increasing trend year by year in Guangdong Province. Older age, education for high school and older age at first birth were risk factors for breast cancer detection rate, while no surgery or biopsy history, no family history of breast cancer and no history of breast cancer check were protective factors.
Breast cancer survivors are disproportionately at risk for cardiovascular disease; exercise-based interventions may improve cardiovascular health. The objective of this formative research is to better understand the needs of patients and barriers to participation in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program for diverse breast cancer survivors in an urban safety net setting. We recruited 30 participants (10 English-speaking, 10 Spanish-speaking, and 10 Cantonese-speaking) who had received treatment with curative intent for breast cancer from an urban safety net hospital between November 9, 2021, to August 30, 2022. Participants completed surveys and interviews about perspectives on health behaviors and participating in an adapted cardiac rehabilitation program. Interviews were qualitatively analyzed using rapid template analysis with pre-selected constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, as well as emergent codes. We developed a Participant User Journey for a program based on responses and conducted human-centered design sessions with 8 participants to iteratively revise the Participant User Journey. Among 30 participants, mean age was 56.7 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.2) with 100% female sex assigned at birth; 1 participant withdrew before completing study procedures. Most participants had limited health literacy (18/29, 62%). Mean body mass index was 31.4 (SD 8.3), 21/29 (72%) had blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, and 12/29 (41%) had blood pressure below 130/80. Mean 6-minute walk distance was 384.9 meters (SD 78.3). The desired benefits of a program included healthy living and prevention of cancer recurrence. Barriers to participation included motivation, social support, transportation, and concerns about exercise safety. Participants emphasized the need for practicality, such as fitting physical activity into daily life and nutrition support, including recipes and shopping lists. Trusted experts and cultural and language concordance were viewed as important aspects of the program. Through participant interviews and human-centered design sessions, we developed the HEART-ACT program, a 12-week multi-disciplinary program addressing physical activity, nutrition, emotional well-being, cardiovascular risk, survivorship, and other components if indicated (e.g., tobacco cessation). Future research will test the effects of this program on patient-centered outcomes.
Breast cancer survivors on adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) have distinct information-seeking experience compared to those in the diagnosis and intensive treatment phase. This study aimed to understand the challenges in obtaining and seeking information among Malaysian breast cancer survivors. We conducted semi-structured, one-to-one interviews among patients using AET from two hospitals and a local cancer organization. Interviews were conducted until theme saturation was achieved (N = 25). Interviews were de-identified, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis. To ensure rigor, coding was conducted through regular discussions between two researchers and the findings were shared with several participants after analysis was completed. Three main themes were identified: limitations in the healthcare system, pitfalls of seeking information online, and limited information from local sources. The participants perceived that their information needs were not met by their healthcare providers and sought information on the Internet to complement their information needs. However, they were faced with risks of misinformation, information overload, and unethical promotion of health products. Those with limited English proficiency had difficulties in accessing quality information, and suggested that there should be more content created by local health advocates in local languages, with information that is tailored for local cultures. As the Internet has become an important medium of health education, healthcare providers and patients should be equipped with the skills to share and search for information online. Digital health literacy needs to be incorporated in patient education modules to create a more informed and empowered patient community.
Breast density notifications advise women to discuss breast density with their clinicians, yet little is known about such discussions. To examine the content of women's reports of breast density discussions with clinicians and identify variations by women's sociodemographic characteristics (age, income, state legislation status, race and ethnicity, and literacy level). This US nationwide, population-based, random-digit dial telephone survey study was conducted from July 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020, among 2306 women aged 40 to 76 years with no history of breast cancer who underwent mammography in the prior 2 years and had heard the term dense breasts or breast density. Results were analyzed from a subsample of 770 women reporting a conversation about breast density with their clinician after their last mammographic screening. Statistical analysis was conducted in April and July 2023. Survey questions inquired whether women's clinicians had asked about breast cancer risk or their worries or concerns about breast density, had discussed mammography results or other options for breast cancer screening or their future risk of breast cancer, as well as the extent to which the clinician answered questions about breast density. Of the 770 women (358 [47%] aged 50-64 years; 47 Asian [6%], 125 Hispanic [16%], 204 non-Hispanic Black [27%], 317 non-Hispanic White [41%], and 77 other race and ethnicity [10%]) whose results were analyzed, most reported that their clinicians asked questions about breast cancer risk (88% [670 of 766]), discussed mammography results (94% [724 of 768]), and answered patient questions about breast density (81% [614 of 761]); fewer women reported that clinicians had asked about worries or concerns about breast density (69% [524 of 764]), future risk of breast cancer (64% [489 of 764]), or other options for breast cancer screening (61% [459 of 756]). Women's reports of conversations varied significantly by race and ethnicity; non-Hispanic Black women reported being asked questions about breast cancer risk more often than non-Hispanic White women (odds ratio [OR], 2.08 [95% CI, 1.05-4.10]; P = .04). Asian women less often reported being asked about their worries or concerns (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.20-0.86]; P = .02), and Hispanic and Asian women less often reported having their questions about breast density answered completely or mostly (Asian: OR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.13-0.62]; P = .002; Hispanic: OR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.27-0.87]; P = .02). Women with low literacy were less likely than women with high literacy to report being asked about worries or concerns about breast density (OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.43-0.96]; P = .03), that mammography results were discussed with them (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.16-0.63]; P = .001), or that their questions about breast density were answered completely or mostly (OR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.32-0.81]; P = .004). In this survey study, although most women reported that their clinicians counselled them about breast density, the unaddressed worries or concerns and unanswered questions, especially among Hispanic and Asian women and those with low literacy, highlighted areas where discussions could be improved.
Breast milk is the ideal food for the infant and is associated with various public health benefits for both the infant and the mother. The recommended time for early initiation of breastfeeding is within one hour after birth. The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was lower than the plan of the Ethiopian Ministry of Health Sector Development program. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify individual and group-level factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Secondary data on children was obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia mini-demographic and health survey. The survey was a population-based cross-sectional study and was downloaded from the Measure Demographic and Health Survey website (http://www.measuredhs.com). The study included a random sample of 2,125 last-born infants who were born within 24 months before the survey. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia. Statistical data was analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.4). The prevalence of early breastfeeding initiation was 72%. The higher preceding birth interval (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.1076, 1.5451), the higher gestational age of infants (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.2796, 1.4782), the higher number of antenatal care visits (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.2340, 1.2934), delivery at a health facility (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.4585, 1.7515), vaginal delivery (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.1019, 1.1123), mothers with primary education (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.0204, 1.2738), mothers with secondary education (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.4678, 1.6190), and mothers with higher education (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 2.2574, 3.0526) were associated with higher odds of early initiation of breastfeeding. Being a rural dweller (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.5684, 0.7038) and the age of mothers (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.3921, 0.4894) were associated with lower odds of early initiation of breastfeeding. Since the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was minimal among rural mothers who delivered their child by caesarean section, this study strongly suggests special supportive care for these mothers.