Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
New approaches have emerged in teaching Christian Religious Education (CRE). Five-stage lesson plan framework (FSLP) is one of the innovative approaches applicable in all learning areas. Even though the framework is learner-oriented, understanding teachers' attitudes towards the framework are essential. Developing a positive attitude among the stakeholders remains crucial in implementing any teaching approach. Therefore, this study assessed gender differences in the attitude toward the five-stage lesson plan framework among CRE teachers in Meru County, Kenya. A multi-stage sampling technique randomly selected 143 and 83 female and male CRE teachers. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, quantitative data were collected in a cross-sectional survey. Chi-square and t-test statistics were applied to test the statistical significance of the dummy and mean value of continuous variables using sex-disaggregated data. The study revealed that teachers' attitudes towards the FSLP framework did not significantly differ between male and female teachers. The study employed multiple linear regression modeling to assess the determinants of the attitudes towards the five-stage lesson plan framework for male, female, and pooled teachers. Similar determinants influenced teachers' attitudes towards the FSLP framework: academic qualification, teaching experience, utilization, and awareness. Researchers established that educational qualification was a negative and significant determinant of attitudes towards the FSLP framework among the participants. Teaching experience, awareness, and utilization of the FSLP framework among CRE teachers were positive and significant determinants of the attitudes towards the FSLP framework. The study findings implied development of policies inclined to the attitudes supporting the proper implementation of newly emerged teaching strategies among the stakeholders. The supplement schemes should be restructured and shaped to meet teachers' specific needs and preferences regarding the utilization of educational innovations to enable CRE teachers to select and practice the FSLP framework.
New cancer drugs can be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the basis of surrogate endpoints while data on overall survival are still incomplete or immature, with too few deaths for meaningful analysis. We aimed to evaluate whether clinical trials with immature survival data generated evidence of overall survival benefit during the period after marketing authorisation, and where that evidence was reported. In this retrospective analysis, we searched Drugs@FDA to identify cancer drug indications approved between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2018, on the basis of immature survival data. We systematically collected publicly available data on postapproval overall survival results in labelling (Drugs@FDA), journal publications (MEDLINE via PubMed), and clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov). The primary outcome was availability of statistically significant overall survival benefits during the period after marketing authorisation (until March 31, 2023). Additionally, we evaluated the availability and timing of overall survival findings in labelling, journal publications, and ClinicalTrials.gov records. During the study period, the FDA granted marketing authorisation to 223 cancer drug indications, 95 of which had overall survival as an endpoint. 39 (41%) of these 95 indications had immature survival data. After a minimum of 4·3 years of follow-up during the period after marketing authorisation (and median 8·2 years [IQR 5·3-12·0] since FDA approval), additional survival data from the pivotal trials became available in either revised labelling or publications, or both, for 38 (97%) of 39 indications. Additional data on overall survival showed a statistically significant benefit in 12 (32%) of 38 indications, whereas mature data yielded statistically non-significant overall survival findings for 24 (63%) indications. Statistically significant evidence of overall survival benefit was reported in either labelling or publications a median of 1·5 years (IQR 0·8-2·3) after initial approval. The median time to availability of statistically non-significant overall survival results was 3·3 years (2·2-4·5). The availability of overall survival results on ClinicalTrials.gov varied considerably. Fewer than a third of indications approved with immature survival data showed a statistically significant overall survival benefit after approval. Notable inconsistencies in timing and availability of information after approval across different sources emphasise the need for better reporting standards. None.
New generation employees in the energy industry generally suffer from several problems such as poor psychological endurance, lack of professional literacy, excessive mental stress, and low labor enthusiasm, which will affect the employee's individual contextual performance and stability of the labor market. In the context of energy transition, therefore, it is of practical significance to solve their problems in routine work and identify the factors affecting the contextual performance of next generation employees in the energy industry. In this paper, the theoretical model with job satisfaction as an independent variable, organizational commitment as a mediator, the sense of self-efficacy as a moderator, and contextual performance as a dependent variable is established; and several research hypotheses are proposed on the basis of the two-factor theory, psychological contract theory, and self-efficacy theory. The following conclusions are made through the testing of hypotheses based on questionnaire investigation: Job satisfaction of new generation employees in the new energy industry positively affects the contextual performance; organizational commitment plays a mediating role between job satisfaction and contextual performance; the sense of self-efficacy plays a role of moderating job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and contextual performance. There is a mediated moderation effect and regulated mediation effect in the model. These conclusions are of great significance to the healthy development of new generation employees in the energy industry.
New media has gradually become the mainstream media that college students rely on, and new media has also brought about subversive changes and has become an essential medium for college students to receive and disseminate information, such as learning, interpersonal communication, and entertainment. Young college students have become the most enthusiastic recipients and users of new media. College students need to have the ability to recognize, understand, and criticize new media. New media literacy has become the basic quality that every college student living in modern society must have. This paper takes 826 college students as the research object with deep neural network (DNN), and then analyzes their media selection tendency, media usage time, positive influence, and the relationship with new media literacy. The formation of good new media literacy has a positive effect and influence on the work and study after the university, making it the main force of the media society.
New pharmacological measures assessing medication adherence, including longitudinal drug levels in hair, are emerging. Little is known, however, about how best to present results from such measures to patients and clinicians in comprehensive, easy-to-understand, acceptable formats. We, therefore, developed three graphical display prototypes of hypothetical daily drug concentrations measured in hair, and assessed their acceptability among participants. We interviewed 30 HIV-positive patients and 29 clinicians to examine perceived acceptability for each graphical display prototype. Patients and clinicians generally found the prototypes acceptable for facilitating understanding of patient adherence; however, areas for optimization were identified. For patients with lower health literacy, prototypes did not provide sufficient understanding of the link between medication-taking and drug concentrations in hair. These patients also preferred pictographs over bar or line graphs. Clinicians largely preferred daily drug concentration data in bar graphs with information included about the measure's accuracy. Participants questioned the utility of showing drug concentrations above a therapeutic range, though they found color-coding results acceptable. Assessing prototype versions of graphical displays of hypothetical longitudinal adherence data indicated ways to optimize their acceptability. Acceptable prototype-tested graphical displays of longitudinal patient-specific drug concentrations may enhance adherence monitoring in clinical settings.
New robot-assisted surgery platforms being developed will be required to have proficiency-based simulation training available. Scoring methodologies and performance feedback for trainees are currently not consistent across all robotic simulator platforms. Also, there are virtually no prior publications on how VR simulation passing benchmarks have been established. This paper compares methods evaluated to determine the proficiency-based scoring thresholds (a.k.a. benchmarks) for the new Medtronic Hugo™ RAS robotic simulator. Nine experienced robotic surgeons from multiple disciplines performed the 49 skills exercises 5 times each. The data were analyzed in 3 different ways: (1) include all data collected, (2) exclude first sessions, (3) exclude outliers. Eliminating the first session discounts becoming familiar with the exercise. Discounting outliers allows removal of potentially erroneous data that may be due to technical issues, unexpected distractions, etc. Outliers were identified using a common statistical technique involving the interquartile range of the data. Using each method above, mean and standard deviations were calculated, and the benchmark was set at a value of 1 standard deviation above the mean. In comparison to including all the data, when outliers are excluded, fewer data points are removed than just excluding first sessions, and the metric benchmarks are made more difficult by an average of 11%. When first sessions are excluded, the metric benchmarks are made easier by an average of about 2%. In comparison with benchmarks calculated using all data points, excluding outliers resulted in the biggest change making the benchmarks more challenging. We determined that this method provided the best representation of the data. These benchmarks should be validated with future clinical training studies.
New technologies have great potential to facilitate students' understanding and appreciation of one of the most abstract and challenging school subjects - physics. This study aimed to examine the effects of a game-based virtual reality teaching method on secondary school students' self-beliefs, interest, and performance in physics through a quasi-experimental design using pre- and post-test data. The evaluation is based on the systemic actiotope model that explains a person's goal-oriented actions by an interplay of their environment, action repertoire (i.e., students' performance and interest in physics), and subjective action space (i.e., students' self-efficacy, self-concept, and implicit theories regarding physics). A game-based virtual reality App to be used with Google cardboards was developed containing 10 teaching units from the secondary school physics class curriculum. Participants in the control group were taught using traditional teaching methods, while students in the experimental group went through the VR with the teacher and conducted the prepared VR experiments in addition to the traditionally presented content. Three tests measured students' physics performance during the semester. In addition, students answered questionnaires assessing their interest, self-efficacy, self-concept, and entity implicit theories regarding physics before and after the intervention, resulting in a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. There were no significant differences between the control and experimental group in test scores on the first and second tests but compared to the control group, the experimental group achieved higher scores on the third test. In addition, the results indicate differential effects of the game-based virtual reality teaching method on students' interest and self-efficacy regarding physics to the advantage of students identifying as male, but no effects on students' self-concept, and entity implicit theories regarding physics. The results of our pilot study suggest that incorporating innovative didactic methods into secondary school physics classes could potentially contribute to higher performance in and motivation for physics during this crucial period of adolescence when students develop educational and career aspirations. However, game-based virtual reality teaching methods seem to favor students identifying as male, which should be considered in their development and presentation. Other practical implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
New technologies in genetic diagnostics have revolutionized the understanding and management of rare diseases. This review highlights the significant advances and latest developments in genetic diagnostics in inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which encompass a diverse group of disorders characterized by defects in the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, autoinflammatory diseases, allergies, and malignancies. Various diagnostic approaches, including targeted gene sequencing panels, whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, or proteomics, have enabled the identification of causative genetic variants of rare diseases. These technologies not only facilitated the accurate diagnosis of IEI but also provided valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. Emerging technologies, currently mainly used in research, such as optical genome mapping, single cell sequencing or the application of artificial intelligence will allow even more insights in the aetiology of hereditary immune defects in the near future. The integration of genetic diagnostics into clinical practice significantly impacts patient care. Genetic testing enables early diagnosis, facilitating timely interventions and personalized treatment strategies. Additionally, establishing a genetic diagnosis is necessary for genetic counselling and prognostic assessments. Identifying specific genetic variants associated with inborn errors of immunity also paved the way for the development of targeted therapies and novel therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the challenges related with genetic diagnosis of rare diseases and provides future directions, specifically focusing on IEI. Despite the tremendous progress achieved over the last years, several obstacles remain or have become even more important due to the increasing amount of genetic data produced for each patient. This includes, first and foremost, the interpretation of variants of unknown significance (VUS) in known IEI genes and of variants in genes of unknown significance (GUS). Although genetic diagnostics have significantly contributed to the understanding and management of IEI and other rare diseases, further research, exchange between experts from different clinical disciplines, data integration and the establishment of comprehensive guidelines are crucial to tackle the remaining challenges and maximize the potential of genetic diagnostics in the field of rare diseases, such as IEI.
New York State (NYS) utilizes a three-tiered cystic fibrosis newborn screening (CFNBS) algorithm that includes cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene sequencing. Infants with >1 CFTR variant of potential clinical relevance, including variants of uncertain significance or varying clinical consequence are referred for diagnostic evaluation at NYS cystic fibrosis (CF) Specialty Care Centers (SCCs). As part of ongoing quality improvement efforts, demographic, screening, diagnostic, and clinical data were evaluated for 289 CFNBS-positive infants identified in NYS between December 2017 and November 2020 who did not meet diagnostic criteria for CF and were classified as either: CFTR-related metabolic syndrome/CF screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CRMS/CFSPID) or CF carriers. Overall, 194/289 (67.1%) had CFTR phasing to confirm whether the infant's CFTR variants were in cis or in trans. Eighteen complex alleles were identified in cis; known haplotypes (p.R117H+5T, p.F508del+p.L467F, and p.R74W+p.D1270N) were the most common identified. Thirty-two infants (16.5%) with all variants in cis were reclassified as CF carriers rather than CRMS/CFSPID. Among 263 infants evaluated at an NYS SCC, 70.3% were reported as having received genetic counseling about their results by any provider, with 96/263 (36.5%) counseled by a certified genetic counselor. Given the particularly complex genetic interpretation of results generated by CFNBS algorithms including sequencing analysis, additional efforts are needed to ensure families of infants with a positive CFNBS result have CFTR phasing when needed to distinguish carriers from infants with CRMS/CFSPID, and access to genetic counseling to address implications of CFNBS results.
Newborn resuscitation is a medical intervention to support the establishment of breathing and circulation in the immediate intrauterine life. It takes the lion's share in reducing neonatal mortality and impairments. Healthcare providers' knowledge and skills are the key determinants of the success of newborn resuscitation. Many primary studies have been conducted in various countries to examine the level of knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation and associated factors among healthcare providers. However, these studies had great discrepancies and inconsistent results across East Africa. Hence, this review aimed to synthesize the pooled level of knowledge and skills of newborn resuscitation and associated factors among healthcare providers in East Africa. Studies were systematically searched from February 11, 2023, to March 10, 2023, using PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, and grey literature. The effect size measurement of knowledge and skill of health care newborn resuscitation was estimated using the Random Effect Model. The data were extracted by Excel and analyzed using Stata 17 software. The Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic were used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. The symmetry of the funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. A subgroup analysis was done on the study years, sample sizes, and geographical location. Percentages and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI were used to pool the effect measure. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 1953 articles were retrieved from various databases and registers. Finally, 17 studies with 7655 participants were included. The overall levels of knowledge and skills of healthcare providers on newborn resuscitation were 58.74% (95% CI: 44.34%, 73.14%) and 46.20% (95% CI: 25.16%, 67.24%), respectively. Newborn resuscitation training (OR = 3.95, 95% CI: 2.82, 5.56) and the availability of newborn resuscitation guidelines (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.86) were factors significantly associated with knowledge of health care professionals on newborn resuscitation. Work experience (OR = 5.92, 95% CI, 2.10, 16.70), newborn resuscitation training (OR = 2.83, 95% CI, 1.8, 4.45), knowledge (OR = 3.05, 95% CI, 1.78, 5.30), and the availability of newborn resuscitation equipment (OR = 4.92, 95% CI, 2.80, 8.62) were determinant factors of skills of health care professionals on newborn resuscitation. The knowledge and skills of healthcare providers on newborn resuscitation in East Africa were not adequate. Newborn resuscitation training and the availability of resuscitation guidelines were determinant factors of knowledge, whereas work experience, knowledge, and the availability of newborn resuscitation equipment and training were associated with the skills of healthcare providers in newborn resuscitation. Newborn resuscitation training, resuscitation guidelines and equipment availability, and work experience are recommended to improve healthcare providers' knowledge and skills.
Newly qualified radiographers often find working in the operating theatre (OT) challenging and intimidating. These perceptions, which inhibit confidence, may hinder their effectiveness in interprofessional teamwork, which may in turn adversely affect patient outcomes. A collaborative education programme was designed, building upon the foundations of competency-based education (CBE) and simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) to examine its potential in mitigating these perceptions. The objective of this research was to assess participants' experience and level of competency after attending the curated collaborative educational programme. The programme was developed based on the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model and comprises two teaching and learning phases: educational session and simulation. A collaborative approach was undertaken to develop an assessment checklist for the interprofessional simulation. Requirements for the simulation, such as scenario design, information and storyboard, task trainer, logistics, and learners' briefing, debrief, and feedback, were identified and assembled. The radiographers' performance was recorded using a practical skills assessment checklist and a theory assessment. Twelve radiographers participated and showed improvement in their self-rating of learning objectives before and after the programme. The median (interquartile range) score achieved in the theory assessment, out of a possible of 11, was 9.00 (7.75-9.50). The median (interquartile range) score achieved in the simulation component, out of a possible of 16, was 15.00 (14.00-15.00). There was statistically significant difference in self-perceived performance in all learning objective domains. The findings from the programme were promising. The use of simulation and an assessment checklist proved to be useful learning tools in preparing newly qualified radiographers for work in the OT. Assessment checklists are valuable tools that should be considered to facilitate teaching and learning. The use of interprofessional simulation activities can support radiographers in developing knowledge, professional skills, and clinical competency. It should be conducted in a timely manner to facilitate the introduction to role understanding and effective communication.