Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI)-diverse patients are marginalized and poorly cared for in the emergency department, yet well-designed educational interventions to meet this gap are lacking. We developed, implemented, and assessed a novel multi-modal SOGI curriculum on health and cultural humility for emergency medicine physician trainees. We conducted a prospective, single-arm evaluation of our educational intervention. A convenience sample of emergency medicine resident physicians (n = 21) participated in the facilitated curriculum including didactic and clinical simulation components. Participants completed a pre- and post-curriculum evaluation that assessed clinical skills, preparedness, attitudinal awareness, and basic knowledge in caring for SOGI-diverse patients. The content of the module was based on a scoping literature review and national needs assessment of Canadian emergency physicians, educators, and trainees along with expert collaborator and input from patient/community partners. The curriculum included a facilitated pre-brief, didactic presentation, clinical simulation modules, and a structured de-brief. Participant clinical skills were evaluated before and after the educational intervention. Our primary outcome was change in clinical preparedness, attitudinal awareness, and basic knowledge in caring for SOGI-diverse patients pre- and post-intervention. Our patient-centered, targeted emergency medicine SOGI health and cultural humility training resulted in a significant improvement in resident self-rated clinical preparedness, attitudes, and knowledge in caring for SOGI-diverse patients. This training was valued by participants. We have designed an effective, patient-centered curriculum in health and cultural humility for SOGI-diverse patients in EM. Other programs can consider using this model and developed resources in their jurisdictions to enhance provider capacities to care for this marginalized group.
Sexual satisfaction is directly related to marital sustainability and quality of life. This study assessed the magnitude of sexual satisfaction and associated factors among married women. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 18 to June 8/2021 using mixed data collection methods. The sample was calculated using single population proportion formula for the quantitative part while data saturation was applied for the qualitative part. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to get participants for the quantitative and the qualitative parts respectively. The quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25, and the qualitative data were analyzed manually. Ordinal logistic regression was applied to explore the model. P-value <0.05 and AOR with a 95%CI were used to identify the statistical significance of the association. About 398 married women participated in the study, making a response rate of 94.3% and 44.7% of them were moderately satisfied with their sexual life. Sexual satisfaction among the married women was significantly associated negatively with attending elementary education 99.9% [AOR=0.1, 95%CI:0.0,0.4)], positively with having social responsibility 19[AOR=19.3, 95%CI: 1.8, 28.3], and negatively with having poor sexual attitude 97%[AOR=0.1, 95%CI: 0.0, 0.3]. The qualitative finding showed that the majority of women engage in sexual intercourse for the satisfaction of their partners, without their needs. Sexual satisfaction among married women was low in the study area. Comprehensive sexual and reproductive health awareness and strengthening of the prevention of harmful traditional practices are recommended.
Sexual violence (SV) can deeply impact victims' physical and psychosocial well-being. Yet many healthcare providers, including registered nurses (RNs), hesitate to screen patients due to a lack of confidence and knowledge. The SATELLITE Sexual Violence Assessment and Care Guide was developed to address this gap; however, the guide's educational effectiveness remained untested. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an education program based on the SATELLITE guide among RNs in clinical settings (n = 8), using a pre- and post-test design. Results indicated that the education was not only feasible and acceptable, but also demonstrated the effects as desired with significant increases in RNs' knowledge and confidence in SV screening and care. The program's assessment tool was reliable, and participant recruitment was feasible. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the SATELLITE education program be further tested with a larger RN sample and extended to other healthcare providers. Additionally, exploring SATELLITE's use in different regions, cultural contexts, and healthcare settings would enhance understanding of the program's broader applicability and effectiveness.
Sexual workplace violence occurs worldwide with increasing prevalence, causing psychological and physical injuries. However, only few reports from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have investigated the most involved health specialty and its association with other factors, such as working and sociodemographic conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of workplace sexual violence over 12 months, from May 2018 to May 2019, circumstances related to the event, and consequences for the perpetrator and survivor and to identify associated factors among all healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study included all HCWs registered with the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties who worked for > 1 year in the health sector (government or private) in Saudi Arabia until May 2019. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. A modified self-administered questionnaire sent via email was utilized to assess workplace violence. Descriptive statistics were used to report percentages and frequencies, while advanced statistics, such as bivariate analysis, were used to determine associations. Multivariate logistic binary regression analysis was used to assess the combined and individual associations between relevant predictors of exposure of HCWs to recent sexual violence at the workplace. In total, 7,398 (male, 51.3%; female, 48.7%) HCWs were electively enrolled in the study (mean age 40 ± 8.62 years). Most were non-Saudi (60%). Overall, 3.9% were sexual violence survivors. Approximately 60.7%, 51.4%, 48.3%, and 65.9% of female workers, nurses, Saudi natives, and night shift workers (18:00 to 07:00), respectively, were significantly exposed to sexual violence. Furthermore, approximately 54.8% of those with direct physical contact with patients had a higher rate of exposure to sexual harassment (p = 0.001). The prevalence of sexual violence is low but remains a risk to HCWs, especially those working night shifts and having direct physical contact with patients. Thus, more support, specific strategies, and policies are needed to reduce the rate of occurrence, protect HCWs, and prevent such events. The underreporting of cases may be skewing the magnitude of the problem; thus, more education and additional research in Saudi Arabia are needed regarding sexual violence experienced by HCWs.
Sexuality is an integral part of development and personality, and is important in healthcare. Nurses are among the most representative healthcare professionals. For holistic and inclusive nursing care practice and to improve equality, human rights, well-being, and health of individuals, the curricula of nursing courses must integrate broad knowledge about sexuality and its diversity. This study aimed to identify and analyze nursing students' knowledge of sexuality, sex, and gender diversity. The present study was part of a multicenter study conducted in Europe. Questionnaires were administered in three nursing schools to assess nursing students' knowledge (n = 75). Data processing was performed using Excel® software version 20 and IRaMuTeQ (R Interface pour les Analysis Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) 0.7 alpha 2, allowing organization by category and subsequent thematic analysis using content analysis. The textual corpus "Nursing students' knowledge about sexuality in its diversity," was divided into two sub-corpus: "Students' perception of sexuality" and "Students' perception of gender identity," originating Class 6 "Eroticism" (14.23%) and Classes 4 "Sexual Orientation" (16.07%) and 3 "Heteronormative" (16.07%), the latter with greater proximity to each other and consequently to Class 6. Similarly, Classes 1 "Gender" (20.36%) and 5 "Cisgender" (12.14%) also presented a greater interrelationship between themselves and consecutively with Class 2 "Gender Identity" (15.36%). The analyses revealed that though nursing students possessed knowledge about sexuality and its diversity, this knowledge was elementary and did not reveal a sustained appropriation of concepts related to sexuality, sexual orientation, and gender diversity. For some questions, the absence of students' answers were noteworthy, and may be associated with their personal reservation in expressing themselves on this sensitive and intimate theme. To ensure diversity, inclusivity, and impartiality in nursing practice, it is imperative to change the curriculum plans of nursing courses to address the theme of sexuality during the training process of nurses in Europe.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem with a high risk of morbidity and community transmissibility. Evidence points to their continuous increase. This study describes the design, development, and implementation of a community-based STI prevention program for community healthcare users. Based on the Health Planning Process design method, a structured, community-based intervention program on STI counseling and detection was conducted in a primary health care unit in Lisbon. Two data collection instruments were applied in the diagnosis of the situation, namely the Health Literacy Survey Portugal (ILS-PT) and the STD Attitude Scale, to 47 patients who attended the health consultation on STI counseling and detection in a primary care unit in Lisbon. Two interventions were implemented, the health education session and the provision of an educational poster. In the evaluation of the project, the acceptance and satisfaction of the patients with the implemented interventions were considered as outcome indicators. A descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed. The participants shows considerably low levels of health literacy and high-risk behaviors for acquiring STIs. After an intervention, a high percentage of the participants point out the project as exciting and valuable and reveal having acquired knowledge that allowed them to improve their health. Furthermore, the patients were very satisfied with the implemented health education session and the educational poster. This project revealed the urgent and important need to implement community intervention projects to prevent STIs and promote health literacy among the most vulnerable groups.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a considerable concern for global healthcare systems. We examined the prevalence and correlates of self-reported STIs (SR-STIs) among men and women in Papua New Guinea. A total of 7,195 women and 4,069 men from Papua New Guinea who participated in the 2016-2018 Demographic and Health Survey were included in this study. Percentages were used to summarize the prevalence of SR-STIs among men and women. A multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of SR-STIs in men and women. An overall 5.9% and 4.6% prevalence of SR-STIs were recorded among women and men, respectively, in Papua New Guinea. The odds of SR-STIs were higher among women who ever tested for HIV (aOR = 2.47, CI: 1.80-3.39), those who had first sex below 20 years (aOR = 1.76, CI: 1.10-2.80), those who watched television less than once a week (aOR = 1.83, CI: 1.13-2.95) and those from the Highlands and Momase regions (aOR = 5.55, CI: 3.30-9.33) compared to their counterparts who never tested for HIV, who had their first sexual intercourse when they were 20 years and above, who did not watch television at all, and those from the Southern Region. For men, the odds of SR-STIs were high among those who ever tested for HIV (aOR = 1.65, CI: 1.11-2.45), those with one (aOR= 2.08, CI: 1.05-4.14) and two or more (aOR = 3.77, CI: 1.49, 9.52) sexual partners excluding spouse in the 12 months preceding the survey, those living in the Highlands region (aOR = 2.52, CI: 1.48-4.29), and those living in communities with medium literacy level (aOR = 2.33, CI: 1.38-3.94) compared to their counterparts who had never tested for HIV, those with zero sexual partners excluding their spouse in the 12 months preceding the survey, those living in the Southern region, and those living in communities with low literacy levels. We recommend that the National AIDS Council of Papua New Guinea through the National HIV and STI 2018-2022 Strategy program should be realigned to address these correlates and ensure that more sexual and reproductive health resources are provided to men and women in the Highlands and Momase regions.
Sexually transmitted infections in South Africa are increasing at alarming rates. This study's setting is no. 5, with the highest STI, pregnancy, and HIV statistics in Limpopo province among 13- to 19-year-old teenagers. This study explored preventative measures against STIs practiced by teenagers in rural areas of Limpopo province, South Africa. This study was conducted at a selected rural-based clinic using an exploratory descriptive qualitative research approach. Unstructured in-depth face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from sixteen conveniently sampled teenagers aged 13-19, consisting of 13 females and 3 males, who came to Manavhela Clinic for youth-friendly services in August/September 2022. Open-coding analysis was used to identify themes and sub-themes. Measures to ensure trustworthiness were ensured. Ethical clearance (FSH/21/PH/22/2211) was obtained, and ethics principles were observed throughout this study. Two themes emerged from data analysis: STI preventive measures practiced by teenagers and factors influencing the choice of STI preventive measures practiced by teenagers. Only a few participants aged 13 and 14 years of age practiced abstinence and condom use. Most participants were sexually active and used mythical mixtures made from boiling aloe or morula tree (which they drank before and after sex), applied plain yogurt on the vagina once a week, or practiced vaginal steaming. Participants cited patriarchy, lack of sex education in rural schools, long distances to clinics, and desire to taste sex as reasons for adopting the practiced preventive measures. Risky sexual behavior among 13- to 19-year-old teenagers is still rife in rural areas. Rural clinics in Limpopo province should intensify STI school health education and youth-friendly services programs to raise awareness and improve accessibility to condoms.
Shadow is one of the fundamental indicators of remote sensing image which could cause loss or interference of the target data. As a result, the detection and removal of shadow has already been the hotspot of current study because of the complicated background information. In the following passage, a model combining the Atmospheric Transport Model (hereinafter abbreviated as ATM) with the Poisson Equation, AP ShadowNet, is proposed for the shadow detection and removal of remote sensing images by unsupervised learning. This network based on a preprocessing network based on ATM, A Net, and a network based on the Poisson Equation, P Net. Firstly, corresponding mapping between shadow and unshaded area is generated by the ATM. The brightened image will then enter the Confrontation identification in the P Net. Lastly, the reconstructed image is optimized on color consistency and edge transition by Poisson Equation. At present, most shadow removal models based on neural networks are significantly data-driven. Fortunately, by the model in this passage, the unsupervised shadow detection and removal could be released from the data source restrictions from the remote sensing images themselves. By verifying the shadow removal on our model, the result shows a satisfying effect from a both qualitative and quantitative angle. From a qualitative point of view, our results have a prominent effect on tone consistency and removal of detailed shadows. From the quantitative point of view, we adopt the non-reference evaluation indicators: gradient structure similarity (NRSS) and Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE). Combining various evaluation factors such as reasoning speed and memory occupation, it shows that it is outstanding among other current algorithms.
Shared decision making (SDM) is considered fundamental to person-centred care. However, applying SDM may be a challenge for residents in general practice, since it is a complex competence that requires the integration of knowledge and skills from several competency domains. To support learning of SDM during medical residency, we aimed to gain insight in Dutch residents' observed and perceived SDM performance in general practice. We evaluated residents' SDM performance from an observer, resident, and patient perspective. Consultations of first- and third-year residents were recorded. Trained observers used the validated Observing Patient Involvement (OPTION5) scale to assess observed SDM performance of residents in 98 actual recorded consultations. Perceived SDM performance was evaluated by residents and patients completing validated SDM questionnaires, supplemented with questions about (the context of) the consultation and perceived relevance of SDM immediately after the consultation. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean, SD, minimums, and maximums) and explorative bivariate analyses. The residents' observed mean SDM performance was 19.1 (range, 0-100, SD = 10.9), mean resident self-reported SDM performance was 56.9 (range, 0-100, SD = 18.5), and mean patient-reported SDM performance was 73.3 (range, 0-100, SD = 26.8). We found a significant and positive correlation between observed SDM performance and residents' perceived relevance of SDM for the consultation (t = 4.571, P ≤ 0.001) and the duration of the consultation (r = 0.390, P ≤ 0.001). This study showed that there is room for increasing awareness of the potential incongruence between observed and perceived SDM performance during medical residency, in order to facilitate the implementation of SDM in clinical practice.
Shared decision making (SDM) requires an active role of both clinicians and patients. We aimed to conceptualise patient readiness for SDM about treatment, and to develop a patient questionnaire to assess readiness. We used the results of a scoping review and a qualitative study to inform the patient readiness construct. We conducted five additional rounds of data collection to finalise the construct definition and develop the Patient Readiness for SDM Questionnaire (ReadySDM ) in an oncological setting: (1) longitudinal interviews with patients with cancer during and after a treatment decision-making process; (2) a pilot study among experts, clinicians, and patients for feedback on the concept and items; (3) a field test among (former) patients with cancer to test item format and content validity, and to reduce the number of items; (4) cognitive interviews with people with low literacy to test the comprehensibility of the questionnaire; and (5) a field test among (former) patients who faced a cancer treatment decision in the last year, to test the content validity of the final version of the questionnaire. A total of 251 people participated in the various rounds of data collection. We identified eight elements of patient readiness for SDM about treatment: (1) understanding of and attitude towards SDM; (2) information skills; (3) skills in communicating and claiming space; (4) self-awareness; (5) consideration skills; (6) self-efficacy; (7) emotional distress; and (8) experienced time. We developed the 20-item ReadySDM to retrospectively measure these elements in an oncological setting. We conducted a thorough procedure to conceptualise patient readiness and to develop the ReadySDM . The questionnaire aims to provide novel insights into ways to enhance SDM in daily practice. Multiple people with lived experience were involved in various phases of the study. They were asked for input on the study design, the conceptualisation of readiness, and the development of the questionnaire.
Shared decision making requires evidence to be conveyed to the patient in a way they can easily understand and compare. Patient decision aids facilitate this process. This article reviews the current evidence for how to present numerical probabilities within patient decision aids. Following the 2013 review method, we assembled a group of 9 international experts on risk communication across Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We expanded the topics covered in the first review to reflect emerging areas of research. Groups of 2 to 3 authors reviewed the relevant literature based on their expertise and wrote each section before review by the full authorship team. Of 10 topics identified, we present 5 fundamental issues in this article. Although some topics resulted in clear guidance (presenting the chance an event will occur, addressing numerical skills), other topics (context/evaluative labels, conveying uncertainty, risk over time) continue to have evolving knowledge bases. We recommend presenting numbers over a set time period with a clear denominator, using consistent formats between outcomes and interventions to enable unbiased comparisons, and interpreting the numbers for the reader to meet the needs of varying numeracy. Understanding how different numerical formats can bias risk perception will help decision aid developers communicate risks in a balanced, comprehensible manner and avoid accidental "nudging" toward a particular option. Decisions between probability formats need to consider the available evidence and user skills. The review may be useful for other areas of science communication in which unbiased presentation of probabilities is important.