Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) requires equitable access and utilization of healthcare services across all population groups, including men. However, men often face unique barriers that impede their engagement with health systems which are influenced by a myriad of socio-cultural, economic, and systemic factors. Therefore, understanding men's perspectives and experiences is crucial to identifying barriers and facilitators to their healthcare-seeking behaviour under UHC initiatives. This qualitative study sought to explore men's perceptions, experiences, healthcare needs and potential strategies to inform an impartial implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Kenya. The study employed a qualitative research design to investigate men's healthcare experiences in 12 counties across Kenya. Thirty focus group discussions involving 296 male participants were conducted. Men were purposively selected and mobilized through the support of health facility-in-charges, public health officers, and community health extension workers. Data was coded according to emergent views and further categorized thematically into three main domains (1) Perspectives and experiences of healthcare access (2) Socio-cultural beliefs and societal expectations (3) Desires and expectations of health systems. Findings revealed complex sociocultural, economic, and health system factors that influenced men's healthcare experiences and needs which included: masculinity norms and gender roles, financial constraints and perceived unaffordability of services, lack of male-friendly and gender-responsive healthcare services, confidentiality concerns, and limited health literacy and awareness about available UHC services. Our study has revealed a disconnect between men's needs and the current healthcare system. The expectations concerning masculinity further exacerbate the problem and exclude men further hindering men's ability to receive appropriate care. This data provides important considerations for the development of comprehensive and gender-transformative approaches challenging harmful masculine norms, pushing for financial risk protection mechanisms and gender-responsive healthcare delivery attuned to the unique needs and preferences of men.
The achievement towards 100% exclusive breastfeeding still a challenge in many countries despite adverse impacts due to the absence of exclusive breastfeeding. One consequence from the low practice of exclusive breastfeeding is malnutrition, including stunting that can be prevented by providing optimal food to infants, starting with providing exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months of age. However, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding still low and it is suspected that this practice also decreased during the COVID- 19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in sub-urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study using cross sectional design conducted from interviewing 206 mothers in 2022 who meet the inclusion criteria, consisted of breastfeeding their babies in the last 1 year and live in Sub-urban area in Depok City, West Java. Multiple binary logistic regression used to measure the association and strength between independent variables with the outcome variable. Independent variables with a p-value < 0.25 during the Chi-square test were included in the logistic regression model. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) was 58.3% and 57.8% respectively. Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices are education, employment status, knowledge and attitude about exclusive breastfeeding, self-efficacy in providing exclusive breastfeeding, EIB practice, and eating pattern. From multivariate analysis, it was found that the dominant factors to exclusive breastfeeding are EIB. The study highlights the importance of improving exclusive breastfeeding practice through early initiation of breastfeeding, mother's knowledge, education and self-efficacy. Therefore, health promotion and education should emphasize the importance of those factors, supported by the health policy and massive campaign as a key success in exclusive breastfeeding.
The acquisition of gynaecological operating skills can be challenging for trainees given the conflicting demands of clinical work. Alternative models of surgical skill training such as laparoscopic simulation is, therefore, required. This study demonstrates the development of a regional gynaecological surgery laparoscopic simulation program and trainee perceptions of such an approach. An intervention-based cohort study. A regional model based in West Midlands training region. Responses from sixty-four trainees in the training region who participated in this regional program were included. A three-stream curriculum was developed to deliver key training outcomes as required by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) core curriculum as a component of a Covid Recovery Program. Courses were held in seven teaching hospitals. Courses consisted of both theory and practical teaching. A structured feedback tool was used to collect trainee perceptions of the programme. Trainee satisfaction was measured on the Likert scale of 1-3. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted with rank-order analysis of coded free-text responses. Overall, the majority of trainees 92% (n=58/64) were very satisfied with the course. Rank-order analysis demonstrated hands-on-practice to be the key perceived benefit of laparoscopic simulation amongst basic and intermediate trainees whilst feedback on procedural skills was felt most useful amongst advanced trainees. A regional approach to laparoscopic simulation training is both achievable and acceptable. Trainee perceptions of usefulness are altered by seniority and experience. This should be accounted for in the development of laparoscopic simulation programmes.
The acquisition of skills and manual dexterity in aesthetic dentistry in undergraduate teaching requires preclinical practices with simulation that should approximate real clinical situations. We will present a digital procedure for the creation of three-dimensional (3D) resin models adapted to the practices of the Aesthetic Dentistry course. Stereolithography or Standard Tesellation Language (STL) files of a real patient were previously obtained with a 3-shape intraoral scanner. Using the Exocad computer programme for dental prosthesis design, various modifications were made, such as incisor rotation, surface alterations imitating dysplasias or erosions, the creation of diastemas, or even changes in tooth size. The virtual model was printed in resin for use by students. Once the practices were finished, the students and the teachers evaluated the use of the 3D printed models. The result is the typodont model, in which seven laboratory sessions took place: 1-Restoration of conoid tooth morphology, 2-Cervical abrasion/ erosion restoration, 3-Direct Composite Veneer, 4-Aesthetic correction in a tooth with rotation, 5-Diastem closure, 6-Occlusal abrasions/ erosion, and 7-Maryland bridge. 90.48% of the students evaluated the designed 3D model as the best method for laboratory practice compared to other methods, obtaining a general assessment of 8.3 out of 10. The method used has provided a reproducible standard analog model for direct aesthetic dental restoration practice, with a good assessment by students and teachers.
The activities of health care workers and early childhood educators have received increased attention both in lay public discourse and in scientific discourse. These professional groups play a significant role in shaping the health behaviours of those they interact with; thus, understanding the patterns they convey is of paramount importance. The aim of our study is a comparative analysis of health conditions and health behaviours of professionals working in Hungarian early childhood education and nurses working in the healthcare system (n = 1591). We carried out our quantitative, cross-sectional research using convenience sampling among healthcare professionals working in nursing job positions (n = 581) and as early childhood educators (n = 1010), in south-west Hungary. Diagnosed chronic illnesses affect early childhood educators at a significantly higher rate (p < 0.05): the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is particularly high among them, as a result of which they reported a significant degree of physical limitation in relation to work. In the context of mental health, comparing the professional groups, nurses' indicators were significantly (p < 0.001) more unfavourable in all examined dimensions. Moreover, the comparison in terms of educational attainment directed attention to the worse indicators of non-graduates. In this context, early childhood educators are less affected by all three dimensions of burnout (p < 0.001). As for health behaviour, the smoking habits of nurses are more unfavourable (p < 0.05). Regarding screening tests, participation in cytological testing was significantly higher among nurses, whereas early childhood educators showed increased participation in mammography (p < 0.001). Our findings draw attention to the fact that early childhood educators are primarily affected by chronic musculoskeletal disorders, while healthcare workers are more affected by problems related to mental health. Mental well-being can be further endangered by the fact that both professional groups perceive low social appreciation for the work they carry out.
The activity of podcasting has increased exponentially but little is known about the qualitative listener experiences of podcasts related to mental health. The aim of this study was to understand what listeners of mental health podcasts obtain from this medium. Participants were asked questions relating to mental health literacy, stigma and help-seeking behaviour. The study gathered data, via an online survey (n=722). This article reports on the responses to open-ended questions: 'What do you take away from listening to mental health-related podcasts? What do you learn about yourself (or a loved one)? What do you find most useful about listening to mental health-related podcasts?' Inductive thematic analysis was utilised. Thematic analysis produced five core themes: accessibility, mental health literacy, potential pitfalls, reassurance and lived experiences. Accessibility of material and discussions featuring professionals and people with lived experience were reported key highlights. Results indicate that podcasts influence the development of mental health literacy, reduce stigma and increase help-seeking. Given the challenges with service access in underserved populations, there is a potential role for the use of podcasts in rural regions.
The acute and chronic adaptation of endurance athletes' hearts shows that increased volume of endurance exercise might cause an acute reduction in cardiac function, causing a physiological cascade that leads to the release of cardiac biomarkers specific to cardiomyocyte stress. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a valuable tool used as a physiological measurement to evaluate the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It is frequently used to assess cardiac autonomic regulation, determining a patient's risk for unfavorable events. This study set out to determine the changes in the ANS by participating in a 3-day mountain bike cycling race in amateur cyclists using HRV as an outcome measure. Sixteen healthy participants (male and female) participating in a 3-day mountain bike cycling race underwent five-minute resting electrocardiography recordings in a supine position 2 days before the race (baseline testing). In addition, HRV measurements were recorded after each race day and 24 h post-race (recovery). Time-domain and frequency-domain measures showed significant changes from baseline HRV parameters after each race day (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, our data revealed that the mean heart rate and R-R variability intervals did not return to baseline values after 24 h of recovery. Thus, autonomic nervous system (ANS) alterations may be due to changes in cardiac sympatho-vagal balance. The main strength of this study is using HRV as a measuring and screening tool to assess cardiac autonomic activity, whereby the state of the ANS before and after endurance races can be measured. Thus, physicians, athletes, and coaches can determine the stress of endurance races on the ANS and plan recovery strategies. The reasoning is that if the ANS is in a state of sub-optimal function, susceptible amateur athletes might be at risk for a cardiovascular event or maladaptation due to the endurance race.
The adherence to antihypertensive therapy plays a significant role in determining the clinical outcomes of hypertension. We aim to evaluate the level of adherence to antihypertensive medications among patients and to assess the effect of different sociodemographic factors on the level of adherence using the Hill-Bone scale for indirect assessment. In this cross-sectional study, we utilized a validated, face-to-face interview questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, participants' attitudes, and disease knowledge. The Hill-Bone questionnaire was employed to assess treatment adherence. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28.0, where mean, standard deviation, and range were utilized for variability analysis. A total of 390 patients were included in this study. The sample comprised 56.9% of females and 56.4% of participants aged 60 years or older. Approximately 80% of participants were currently married, and 46.7% had a higher education level. The average Hill-Bone CHBPTS score was 21.23± 4.95 and indicated good adherence in 63.8% of participants. The findings showed that several factors were significantly associated with higher adherence rates, including older age (COR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.10-10.54, p = 0.03), higher educational level (COR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.05-2.83, p = 0.03), regular blood pressure monitoring (COR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.10-3.30, p = 0.03), and knowledge about their medications (COR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.14-3.94, p = 0.02). The medication adherence within our population falls below the desired level. Enhanced counselling and further research are necessary to identify additional factors influencing adherence and develop effective strategies for promoting adherence to antihypertensive medications.
The adoption of digital health technologies can improve the quality of care for polypharmacy patients, if the underlying complex implementation mechanisms are better understood. Context effects play a critical role in relation to implementation mechanisms. In primary care research, evidence on the effects of context in the adoption of digital innovation for polypharmacy management is lacking. This study aims to identify contextual factors relevant to physician behavior and how they might mediate the adoption process. The physicians who participated in this formative evaluation study (n = 218) were part of the intervention group in a cluster-randomized controlled trial (AdAM). The intervention group implemented a digital innovation for clinical decision making in polypharmacy. A three-step methodological approach was used: (1) a realist inquiry approach, which involves the description of a context-mechanism-outcome configuration for the primary care setting; (2) a belief elicitation approach, which involves qualitative content analysis and the development of a quantitative latent contextualized scale; and (3) a mediation analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on quantitative survey data from physicians to assess the mediating role of the contextualized scale (n = 179). The key dimensions of a (1) context-mechanism-outcome model were mapped and refined. A (2) latent construct of the physicians' innovation beliefs related to the effectiveness of polypharmacy management practices was identified. Innovation beliefs play a (3) mediating role between the organizational readiness to implement change (p < 0.01) and the desired behavioral intent of physicians to adopt digital innovation (p < 0.01; R2 = 0.645). Our contextualized model estimated significant mediation, with a relative size of 38% for the mediation effect. Overall, the model demonstrated good fit indices (CFI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.034). Physician adoption is directly affected by the readiness of primary care organizations for the implementation of change. In addition, the mediation analysis revealed that this relationship is indirectly influenced by primary care physicians' beliefs regarding the effectiveness of digital innovation. Both individual physician beliefs and practice organizational capacity could be equally prioritized in developing implementation strategies. The methodological approach used is suitable for the evaluation of complex implementation mechanisms. It has been proven to be an advantageous approach for formative evaluation. NCT03430336 . First registration: 12/02/2018. gov.
The adoption of smartphone-based electronic medical records is increasing in the healthcare sector. Nurses are the largest group using mobile electronic medical records. This study examined the system quality, information quality, service quality, usefulness, and ease of using mobile electronic medical records, the effects of the three qualities of the mobile electronic medical records on the usefulness and ease of use, and nurses' preference for using mobile electronic medical records. The participants were 210 nurses using a mobile electronic medical record system for over a month. An instrument modified from existing instruments was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The participants perceived the system and information quality more positively than the service quality of the mobile electronic medical records. They perceived the mobile electronic medical records as being useful and easy to use. System quality and information quality significantly affected the perception of the usefulness and ease of using the mobile electronic medical record. They preferred to use it as a means to identify patients' conditions at any time. For user satisfaction and the implications for nursing practice, the usability and functionality of a mobile electronic medical record system should be continuously assessed.
The adsorption kinetics of human serum albumin (HSA) on bare and poly-L-arginine (PARG)-modified silica substrates were investigated using reflectometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Measurements were carried out at various pHs, flow rates and albumin concentrations in the 10 and 150 mM NaCl solutions. The mass transfer rate constants and the maximum protein coverages were determined for the bare silica at pH 4.0 and theoretically interpreted in terms of the hybrid random sequential adsorption model. These results were used as reference data for the analysis of adsorption kinetics at larger pHs. It was shown that the adsorption on bare silica rapidly decreased with pH and became negligible at pH 7.4. The albumin adsorption on PARG-functionalized silica showed an opposite trend, i.e., it was negligible at pH 4 and attained maximum values at pH 7.4 and 150 mM NaCl, the conditions corresponding to the blood serum environment. These results were interpreted as the evidence of a significant role of electrostatic interactions in the albumin adsorption on the bare and PARG-modified silica. It was also argued that our results can serve as useful reference data enabling a proper interpretation of protein adsorption on substrates functionalized by polyelectrolytes.
The Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) course is a globally recognized interprofessional training program designed to assist healthcare professionals in acquiring and sustaining the necessary knowledge and skills to handle obstetric emergencies effectively. This survey aimed to assess the use, barriers, and confidence in using the ALSO course guidelines in managing obstetric emergencies in Sudan. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 103 physicians from the Sudan ALSO group in Sudan. A structured, close-ended questionnaire was distributed electronically to the participants. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package of Social Sciences Software version 26. More than half of the participants were specialists (54.4%). Although all respondents claimed to adhere to the ALSO guidelines for managing shoulder dystocia, a lower percentage followed them for neonatal resuscitation (75.0%) and maternal venous thrombosis management (68.9%). Only 62.1% of participants felt confident performing neonatal resuscitation. The main barriers to implementing the ALSO course guidelines were the respondents' preference for other guidelines and their belief that the guidelines were not applicable in their specific settings. The majority of participants displayed a high level of confidence, indicating a positive perception of the guide's effectiveness. However, there is room for improvement, particularly in areas such as neonatal resuscitation and forceps-assisted births, where confidence levels were lower. Addressing barriers, including the preference for other guidelines and the applicability of the guide in specific settings, is crucial to ensure widespread adoption. Refresher training programs, contextual adaptations, and the integration of guidelines may help overcome these barriers and enhance the overall implementation of the ALSO guide in managing obstetric emergencies in Sudan.
The advancement in technology has changed the workflow and the role of human translator in recent years. The impact from the trend of technology-mediated translation prompted the ratification of technology literacy as a major competence for modern translators. Consequently, teaching of translation technology including but not limited to Computer-aided Translation (CAT) and Machine Translation (MT) became part of comprehensive curricula for translation training programs. However, in many institutions, the teaching of translation technology was haunted by issues such as: narrow scope of curriculum design, outdated technologies, and unbalance between theories and practices in teaching. The study was the pilot evaluation of a tailored course to foster translation trainees' knowledge and abilities of data science. The course was designed to be a fundamental step toward sophisticated translation technologies. During the pilot evaluation of the 8-week course, 85 students (n = 85) were recruited as participants. The study adopted a mix-method design by employing a survey to investigate student's level of satisfaction toward the course and focus group discussion to understand students' attitudes and perceptions of key aspects of the course. By interpreting the results from statistical analysis of the survey (5.39/7) and thematic analysis of the focus group discussion, the course of data science for translators was well received among participants. The evaluation project manifested the feasibility and effectiveness of a translator-oriented data science course.