Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
To examine and consolidate literature regarding the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing ChatGPT in healthcare education and research. We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Web of Science) from November 2022 until September 2023. This scoping review adhered to Arksey and O'Malley's framework and followed reporting guidelines outlined in the PRISMA-ScR checklist. For analysis, we employed Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis framework. A total of 100 studies were included. An overarching theme, "Forging the Future: Bridging Theory and Integration of ChatGPT" emerged, accompanied by two main themes (1) Enhancing Healthcare Education, Research, and Writing with ChatGPT, (2) Controversies and Concerns about ChatGPT in Healthcare Education Research and Writing, and seven subthemes. Our review underscores the importance of acknowledging legitimate concerns related to the potential misuse of ChatGPT such as 'ChatGPT hallucinations', its limited understanding of specialized healthcare knowledge, its impact on teaching methods and assessments, confidentiality and security risks, and the controversial practice of crediting it as a co-author on scientific papers, among other considerations. Furthermore, our review also recognizes the urgency of establishing timely guidelines and regulations, along with the active engagement of relevant stakeholders, to ensure the responsible and safe implementation of ChatGPT's capabilities. We advocate for the use of cross-verification techniques to enhance the precision and reliability of generated content, the adaptation of higher education curricula to incorporate ChatGPT's potential, educators' need to familiarize themselves with the technology to improve their literacy and teaching approaches, and the development of innovative methods to detect ChatGPT usage. Furthermore, data protection measures should be prioritized when employing ChatGPT, and transparent reporting becomes crucial when integrating ChatGPT into academic writing.
To examine and describe the effect of an oral health education program on school-based nurses' acquisition of oral health knowledge. Three-hour synchronous videoconference sessions provided training for nurses to conduct oral health risk assessments, screen for oral diseases, deliver oral health education, apply fluoride varnish, and refer children identified in need of further assessment and treatment to a dentist. Oral health knowledge acquisition was assessed by comparing pre-training and post-training examination scores. Analyses included descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Seventeen nurses from Suwannee, Lafayette, and Hamilton counties participated in the oral health education training program. Analyses of the school-based nurses' test results showed a significant increase in correct answers on the post-training test (93%) compared to the pre-training test (56%). Six hundred forty-one children from six elementary public schools received oral health education, oral screenings, and fluoride varnish applications. Fifty-eight percent of the children had untreated caries, 43% had treated caries, 15% had sealant on permanent molars, and 3% required urgent care. Nurses successfully referred children identified in need of further assessment and treatment to a dentist. The synchronous videoconference oral health training program was effective in improving school-based nurses' oral health knowledge. The knowledge acquired by school-based nurses via oral health training programs can be leveraged to increase access to oral health care for vulnerable and unserved school-aged populations.
To examine associations between different types of sweet drinks consumed in early life and adult adiposity. The analysis involved the secondary analysis of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children which followed children from birth to 24 years. Adiposity was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry while food frequency questionnaires and diaries monitored diet. 'Early exposure' to sweet drinks was defined as giving a sugar-sweetened beverage or 100% fruit juice (FJ), before two years of age. Early exposure to cola was associated with higher fat mass, android fat mass and BMI at age 24 years; whereas early exposure to apple juice was associated with lower adult adiposity in females but not males. When age three, exposure to cola was associated with a greater intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and less fruit and more fried foods. In contrast, early exposure to apple juice was associated with higher protein and lower fat intakes and consuming more fruits/vegetables and less fried foods. Parental education, adiposity and socio-economic status influenced whether SSB or FJ was given to a child. Early drinking of sugar sweetened beverages was associated with a less healthy dietary pattern, and greater adult adiposity. Early drinking of apple juice was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, and lower fat mass in adult females. The choice of drink was associated with social deprivation. As the dietary causes of adult obesity begin in early childhood, increased attention should be given to diet in the first years of life.
To examine healthcare providers' extent of and perceived barriers and facilitators to screening for intimate partner violence in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics. Cross-sectional descriptive design was used to collect data from 130 healthcare providers. Seventeen healthcare providers from 17 prenatal clinics in Kanungu district, Uganda, were recruited via convenience sampling to participate in an online survey implementing a modified Normalization Measure Development instrument. Data were collected between February 2023 and March 2023 (02/8/2023 to 03/12/2023) and analysed using descriptive and Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square tests. Slightly more than half (56%) of healthcare providers report screening pregnant women for intimate partner violence. There was a statistically significant relationship between healthcare providers screening for intimate partner violence and having previous training on intimate partner violence screening. The only barrier to screening identified was a lack of understanding of how intimate partner violence screening affects the nature of participant's own work. There were numerous potential facilitators identified for healthcare providers' intimate partner violence screening. Although higher-than-expected number of healthcare providers reported screening of pregnant women for intimate partner violence, the extent of screening is still suboptimal. The barrier to screening identified needs to be addressed and facilitators promoted. Receiving training among healthcare providers on intimate partner violence screening was associated with higher levels of screening; thus, this needs to be enhanced to optimize screening rates. Future studies should assess screening practices objectively and implement interventions to improve healthcare providers' intimate partner violence screening rates. Screening for intimate partner violence should be part of standard care provided by healthcare providers to all pregnant women during prenatal clinic visits. The study supports the need for more training for healthcare providers in aspects related to intimate partner violence screening in order to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment of those affected, identify those at risk and increase awareness. There is a need to enhance healthcare providers' capacity for intimate partner violence screening through education by integrating intimate partner violence screening pre- and post-registration courses and preparation programs or curriculum. Intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy is a global health problem. Screening for IPV by healthcare providers is suboptimal. This study found that only 56% of healthcare providers were routinely screening for IPV in Ugandan prenatal clinics. This study identified the main facilitators and one barrier to IPV screening. This study has adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines for quantitative studies. No patient was involved in this study.
To examine how well Chinese adolescents meet the physical exercise time and screen time recommendations in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2021), and the relationship between adolescents' physical exercise time, screen time and their academic performance. Daily physical exercise time, screen time and academic performance were collected from Grade 8 adolescents (n = 9,449). Academic performance included standardized scores on Chinese, Math and English tests and responses to the School Life Experience Scale. Meeting the physical activity time and screen time in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Residents was associated with adolescents' academic performance. Specifically, having at least 60 min of physical exercise per day was associated with adolescents' school life experiences compared to adolescents who did not meet the physical exercise time and screen time in the Chinese Residents' Physical Activity Guidelines. Less than 2 h of cumulative screen time per day was associated with adolescent mathematics test scores, English test scores and school life experiences. Meeting both physical exercise time and screen time to be recommended had more significant effects on adolescents' mathematics, Chinese, English and school life experiences. Meeting both the physical exercise time and screen time recommendations in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Residents was more significantly associated with boys' mathematics test scores, Chinese test scores and School life experience. Meeting both the physical exercise time and screen time requirements in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Residents had a more significant effect on School life experience for girls. Physical exercise participation of at least 60 min per day and/or less than 2 h of cumulative screen time per day were both associated with adolescent academic performance. Stakeholders should actively promote adolescents to follow the Physical Activity Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2021).
To examine radiologic science programs' contingency planning related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a mixed-methods approach, educators in magnetic resonance, medical dosimetry, radiation therapy, and radiography programs were surveyed to identify curricular changes, policy implementation, and financial implications related to pandemic recovery efforts. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics and percentages. Thematic analyses were performed on the qualitative responses. Continued curricular changes involved using technology to teach in the online environment and ensuring the safety and protection of students during clinical rotations. Institutional policies implemented because of the pandemic included social distancing guidelines, mask requirements, and availability of vaccine. The greatest financial implication witnessed among the sample of educators at their respective institutions was the halting of employer-related travel. Faced with the spontaneous shift to online learning while not being equipped with the appropriate training, most of the educator participants experienced COVID-19 fatigue and burnout related to teaching online. Social distancing guidelines make it difficult for large classes to meet in person, so virtual lectures using video conferencing platforms were an essential part of teaching during the pandemic. Most educators in this study selected recording technology for lectures as the most useful educational technology tool integrated into the didactic portion of their program. For many educators, having administration realize the adoption of technology is integral to and viable for radiologic science programs was a positive outcome of COVID-19. The pandemic caused educators in the study to experience fatigue and burnout related to online learning; however, the educators also expressed a high degree of comfort with using technology in the online learning environment. This implies that the source of fatigue and burnout was likely not associated with the technology, but with the focused and swift transition to predominately online learning. Although educators in this sample felt moderately prepared to handle future viral outbreaks and extremely comfortable using technology in the virtual classroom, additional research is needed to develop viable contingency plans and explore pedagogical approaches to content delivery beyond the traditional, in-person structure.
To examine structured expert judgement (SEJ) elicitation as a method to provide robust, defensible data for three determinants of household food security (food cost, household disposable income and physical access) for quantifying a proof-of-concept integrating decision support system for food security. SEJ elicitation is a validated method for obtaining unavailable data, but its use in household food security in high-income countries is novel. Investigate Discuss Estimate Aggregate (IDEA) elicitation protocol was implemented, including quantitative and qualitative elements. Using specific questions related to three determinants, food security experts were encouraged to Investigate - estimate individual first-round responses to these questions, Discuss - with each other evidence on the reasoning and logic of their estimates, Estimate - second-round responses, following which these judgements were combined using mathematical Aggregation. Victoria, Australia. Five experts with a range of expertise in the area of household food insecurity participated in the SEJ elicitation process. The experts' ability to provide reliable estimates was tested and informed the aggregation of the collection of individual estimates into a single quantity of interest for use in decision support. The results of the quantitative elicitation show the impact of combinations of varying household income, food cost and physical access on household food security status and severity and is supported by the experts reasoning during elicitation. This research provides insight to the application of SEJ where elicited data can inform and support intervention decision-making specific to household food security, especially where evidence is absent or of poor quality.
To examine the adherence to and the usefulness, satisfaction, and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week self-management energy conservation and active management intervention on fatigue. A total of 19 Thai women diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled from a local hospital in the central region of Thailand. A randomized controlled trial design was used. Fatigue was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised and was collected at baseline and 12 weeks. Descriptive statistics and Student's t tests were used to analyze the data. Participants completed four interventional sessions. Of participants in the experimental group, nine were satisfied with the intervention, seven were satisfied with its effects on fatigue, and seven were very satisfied with the telephone delivery. Participants in the experimental group reported significantly less fatigue at 12 weeks compared to the attention control group (p = 0.008). Teaching energy conservation principles and strategies to women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy is an intervention oncology nurses can easily deliver.
To examine the advanced practice nurse workforce in Swiss cancer care and how their roles are being implemented (eg, role structures, processes) to achieve optimal outcomes for patients and their families, care organizations, and the broader health care system. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample included master-prepared advanced practice nurses in cancer care, who completed an online questionnaire from December 2021 to January 2022. Thirty-nine items assessed structures (eg, role characteristics, utilization), processes (eg, role activities, interventions), and perceived outcomes (eg, for patients, the health care system) of advanced practice nurses in Swiss cancer care. Data from closed questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data from open-ended questions were organized and summarized into categories related to domains of advanced practice nursing and its reported frequency by the advanced practice nurses. The participating advanced practice nurses (n = 53), worked in half of the 26 Swiss cantons. Interventions were identified within nine categories, of which most were targeted to patients and their families (n = 7), followed by health care professionals (n = 2). Perceived positive outcomes were patient symptom management, length of hospital stay, and health care costs. Participants felt less confident in cancer care (eg, autonomous practice) and reported 15 professional development needs (eg, medical interventions, teaching). This study provides a comprehensive examination of 53 advanced practice nurses, detailing the characteristics of their roles and utilization across various jurisdictions and health care settings. The results highlight the diverse dimensions of advanced practice nursing and its potential to enhance cancer services and outcomes in Switzerland. Opportunities for role development support and expansion are identified. More systematic health human resource planning is needed to expand the deployment of advanced practice nurses across jurisdictions, practice settings, and more diverse patient populations. Role development needs show the desire for specialized educational preparation in cancer care.
To examine the association between early-life atopic manifestations and later risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for which prospective data are scarce. The population-based All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) and Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child (MoBa) cohorts follow children from birth (ABIS 1997-1999; MoBa 2000-2009) to the end of 2021. Based on validated questionnaires, parents prospectively reported information on asthma, food-related allergic symptoms, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis by age 3. IBD was defined by ≥ 2 diagnostic records in the national health registries. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios adjusted (aHRs) for parental IBD, atopy, education level, smoking habits, and national origin. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. We compiled data on 83 311 children (ABIS, n = 9041; MoBa, n = 74 270). In over 1 174 756 person-years of follow-up, 301 participants were diagnosed with IBD. Children with atopic dermatitis at age 3 had an increased risk of IBD (pooled aHR = 1.46 [95% CI = 1.13-1.88]), Crohn's disease (pooled aHR = 1.53 [95%CI = 1.04-2.26]), and ulcerative colitis (pooled aHR = 1.78 [95%CI = 1.15-2.75]). Conversely, any atopic manifestation by age 3 was not associated with IBD (pooled aHR = 1.20 [95%CI = 0.95-1.52]), nor were analyses specifically focused on early-life food-related allergic symptoms, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. While atopic manifestations in early childhood were overall not associated with IBD, children with atopic dermatitis specifically were at increased risk of developing IBD, suggesting shared etiologic traits; these findings might be useful in identifying at-risk individuals for IBD.
To examine the association between early-life smoking exposure and later risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We followed 115,663 participants from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child (MoBa) and All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohorts from birth (1997-2009) through 2021. IBD was identified through national patient registers. Validated questionnaire data defined maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy, and child ETS exposure by age 12 and 36 months. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for sex, maternal age, education level, parental IBD and origin. Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. During 1,987,430 person-years of follow-up, 444 participants developed IBD (ABIS, n=112; MoBa, n=332). Any vs. no maternal smoking during pregnancy yielded a pooled aHR of 1.30 (95%CI=0.97-1.74) for offspring IBD. Higher level of maternal smoking during pregnancy (compared to no smoking, average ≥6 cigarettes/day: pooled aHR=1.60 [95%CI 1.08-2.38]) was associated with offspring IBD, whereas a lower smoking level was not (average 1-5 cigarettes/day: pooled aHR=1.09 [95%CI=0.73-1.64]). Child ETS exposure in the first year of life was associated with later IBD (any vs. no ETS, pooled aHR=1.32 [95%CI=1.03-1.69]). Estimates observed for child ETS exposure by 36 months were similar but not statistically significant. In this prospective Scandinavian cohort study, children exposed to higher levels of maternal smoking during pregnancy or ETS during the first year of life were at increased risk of later IBD.
To examine the association between maternal education and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women who conceived using medically assisted reproduction, which included fertility medications, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization. We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the US Vital Statistics data set on national birth certificates from 2016 to 2020. Women with live, non-anomalous singletons who conceived using MAR and had education status of the birthing female partner recorded were included. Patients were stratified into two groups: bachelor's degree or higher, or less than a bachelor's degree. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal adverse outcomes: intensive care unit (ICU) admission, uterine rupture, unplanned hysterectomy, or blood transfusion. The secondary outcome was a composite of neonatal adverse outcomes: neonatal ICU admission, ventilator support, or seizure. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models with robust error variance adjusted for maternal age, race, marital status, prenatal care, smoking during pregnancy, neonatal sex, and birth year estimated the relative risk (RR) of outcomes with a 95% confidence interval (CI). 190,444 patients met the inclusion criteria: 142,943 had a bachelor's degree or higher and 47,501 were without a bachelor's degree. Composite maternal adverse outcomes were similar among patients with a bachelor's degree (10.1 per 1,000 live births) and those without a bachelor's degree (9.4 per 1,000 live births); ARR 1.05, 95% CI (0.94-1.17). However, composite adverse neonatal outcomes were significantly lower in women with a bachelor's degree or higher (94.1 per 1,000 live births) compared to women without a bachelor's degree (105.9 per 1,000 live births); ARR 0.91, 95% CI (0.88-0.94). Our study demonstrated that lower maternal education level was not associated with maternal adverse outcomes in patients who conceived using MAR but was associated with increased rates of neonatal adverse outcomes. As access to infertility care increases, patients who conceive with MAR may be counseled that education level is not associated with maternal morbidity. Further research into the association between maternal education level and neonatal morbidity is indicated.
To examine the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with anemia among older people. 24,116 participants aged 50 years or above were recruited. Multivariable linear and logistic regression was used to assess the associations of self-reported ACEs number with hemoglobin concentrations (g/dL) and presence of anemia. Older individuals with two or more ACEs, versus no ACEs, showed lower hemoglobin concentrations (β = - 0.08 g/dL, 95% confidence intervals (CI) - 0.12 to - 0.03) and higher odds of anemia (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.59). A more pronounced association between ACEs and anemia in the lower education group was found, while the association became non-significant in those with higher education (P for ACEs-education interaction = 0.02). ACEs was associated with anemia in older people, and the association was stronger in those with lower education, highlighting the significance of early-life psychological stressors assessment and consideration of education background in geriatric care.