Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Here, we describe strategies for integrating transferrable professional development (PD) skills into research learning environments for marginalized undergraduate students. The undergraduate research experience evolved to include the competencies students need to be successful and to gain a sense of belonging in the chemistry community they are seeking. These asset-based transferrable PD skills are part of the "hidden curriculum" not taught in traditional classrooms and yet are an integral part of student learning and success. Furthermore, current practices, or lack thereof, tend to promote inequity and fail to amplify key asset-based skills for marginalized students to navigate academic, industrial, and professional settings effectively. Consequently, many students leave STEM communities. The following six PD skills are core competencies that have been implemented in a diverse undergraduate research environment to equip students with the skills needed to navigate various STEM environments. These include: (1) Effective Communication, (2) Negotiation, (3) Leadership, (4) Networking, (5) Interpersonal skills, and (6) Active Listening. Learning topics for each of the PD skills enable mentors to help preprofessional, marginalized students gain a sense of belonging, build a network, connect with mentors, develop self-advocacy, implement interpersonal skills, manage conflict, and navigate spaces that do not fully represent them. The inclusive integration of scientific and PD skills into research experiences serves as a template that can be extended to high school and graduate students. These integrated transferrable skills are one way to increase diversity in STEM professions and bridge the gap in leadership in academia and industry.
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is one of the most common causes of hereditary hemolytic anemia. The current diagnostic guidelines for HS are mainly based on a combination of physical examination and laboratory investigation. However, some patients present with complicated clinical manifestations that cannot be explained by routine diagnostic protocols. Here, we report a rare HS case of mild anemia with extremely high indirect bilirubin levels and high expression of fetal hemoglobin. Using whole exome sequencing analysis, this patient was identified as a heterozygous carrier of a de novo SPTB nonsense mutation (c.605G > A; p.W202*) and a compound heterozygous carrier of known UGT1A1 and KLF1 mutations. This genetic analysis based on the interpretation of the patient's genomic data not only achieved precise diagnosis by an excellent explanation of the complicated phenotype but also provided valuable suggestions for subsequent appropriate approaches for treatment, surveillance and prophylaxis.
Heterogeneity among individuals on the autism spectrum is widely acknowledged as a barrier to develop effective interventions. Overcoming this challenge requires characterization of individual differences, especially for children that are minimally verbal and often excluded from research studies. Most studies that describe autistic subgroups identify a single minimally verbal verbal group based on a single identifying measure (e.g., ADOS module one or single item indicating absence of phrase speech). Determining personalized courses of intervention requires a more detailed understanding since a single intervention will not be effective for all who are minimally verbal. The present study identified comprehensive profiles of cognitive, language, and social communication skills within a large, diverse, group of minimally verbal children with autism. The analysis combined baseline data from two studies to yield a sample of 344 participants, who were 3 to 8 years old at the time of study onset, with 60% who identified as having a race/ethnicity other than White. Via latent profile analysis (LPA), a three-group model was identified as best fit to the data. Profile identification was dependent on a participant's combination of cognitive, expressive, and social communication characteristics, rather than a single domain. One group (n = 206) had global delays, while the other two groups (n = 95 and n = 43) had variable strengths in cognition and communication. Findings suggest that low-frequency/minimally verbal communicators with autism have heterogeneous characteristics that can be systematically organized.
High auditory noise levels and limited visibility are often considered among the main factors that hinder seamless communication on construction sites. Many previous research studies have leveraged technology to overcome these obstacles and communicate using the hearing, sight and touch senses. However, the technological efficacy does not secure the users' perceptivity of the wireless communication devices. Statistical data regarding the number of fatal accidents on construction sites have remained steady despite regular efforts. This study analyzed prior research on wearable safety promotion devices for personnel that move around the jobsite on foot. A seven-point checklist was utilized to shortlist prior studies (2005-2021) attempting to provide safety information wirelessly to the construction workers-on-foot. The reasoning behind various on-body placements was investigated along with the information conveyed using the three communication modalities. A novel communication network is also introduced to visualize the technical details. Lastly, limitations and future recommendations have been presented to gain insights about the factors that might affect the placement of the wearable safety promotion devices.
High breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer and decreases the sensitivity of mammography. This systematic review synthesizes the evidence on the impact of breast density (BD) information and/or notification on women's psychosocial outcomes among women from racial and ethnic minority groups. A systematic search was performed in March 2023, and the articles were identified using CINHAL, Embase, Medline, and PsychInfo databases. The search strategy combined the terms "breast", "density", "notification" and synonyms. The authors specifically kept the search terms broad and did not include terms related to race and ethnicity. Full-text articles were reviewed for analysis by race, ethnicity and primary language of participants. Two authors evaluated the eligibility of studies with verification from the study team, extracted and crosschecked data, and assessed the risk of bias. Of 1784 articles, 32 articles published from 2003 to 2023 were included. Thirty-one studies were conducted in the United States and one in Australia, with 28 quantitative and four qualitative methodologies. The overall results in terms of breast density awareness, knowledge, communication with healthcare professionals, screening intentions and supplemental screening practice were heterogenous across studies. Barriers to understanding BD notifications and intentions/access to supplemental screening among racial and ethnic minorities included socioeconomic factors, language, health literacy and medical mistrust. A one-size approach to inform women about their BD may further disadvantage racial and ethnic minority women. BD notification and accompanying information should be tailored and translated to ensure readability and understandability by all women.
High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is a global health concern. Additionally, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is disproportionately high among adolescents and adults in rural Appalachia. The primary study objective is to determine the intervention effects of Kids SIPsmartER on students' SSB consumption. Secondary objectives focus on caregivers' SSB consumption and secondary student and caregiver outcomes [e.g, body mass index (BMI), quality of life (QOL)]. This Type 1 hybrid, cluster randomized controlled trial includes 12 Appalachian middle schools (6 randomized to Kids SIPsmartER and 6 to control). Kids SIPsmartER is a 6-month, 12 lesson, multi-level, school-based, behavior and health literacy program aimed at reducing SSB among 7th grade middle school students. The program also incorporates a two-way text message strategy for caregivers. In this primary prevention intervention, all 7th grade students and their caregivers from participating schools were eligible to participate, regardless of baseline SSB consumption. Validated instruments were used to assess SSB behaviors and QOL. Height and weight were objectively measured in students and self-reported by caregivers. Analyses included modified two-part models with time fixed effects that controlled for relevant demographics and included school cluster robust standard errors. Of the 526 students and 220 caregivers, mean (SD) ages were 12.7 (0.5) and 40.6 (6.7) years, respectively. Students were 55% female. Caregivers were mostly female (95%) and White (93%); 25% had a high school education or less and 33% had an annual household income less than $50,000. Regardless of SSB intake at baseline and relative to control participants, SSB significantly decreased among students [-7.2 ounces/day (95% CI = -10.7, -3.7); p < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 0.35] and caregivers [-6.3 ounces/day (95% CI = -11.3, -1.3); p = 0.014, ES = 0.33]. Among students (42%) and caregivers (28%) who consumed > 24 SSB ounces/day at baseline (i.e., high consumers), the ES increased to 0.45 and 0.95, respectively. There were no significant effects for student or caregiver QOL indicators or objectively measured student BMI; however, caregiver self-reported BMI significantly decreased in the intervention versus control schools (p = 0.001). Kids SIPsmartER was effective at reducing SSB consumption among students and their caregivers in the rural, medically underserved Appalachian region. Importantly, SSB effects were even stronger among students and caregivers who were high consumers at baseline. Clincialtrials.gov: NCT03740113. Registered 14 November 2018- Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03740113 .
High dietary diversity has been found to be associated with frailty. However, the trajectory of dietary diversity intake in relation to frailty is unclear. Using the latent class trajectory modeling approach, we identified distinctive dietary variety trajectory groups among 2017 participants based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey acquired at four time points within a 10-year period. Frailty status was assessed using a frailty index comprising 37 health deficits. Dietary diversity was quantified using the dietary variety score (DVS), based on food category consumption frequency. Logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the association between DVS change trajectories and frailty. This study identified two distinct DVS trajectories: "Moderate-Slow decline-Slow growth", encompassing 810 (40.16%) individuals, and "Moderate-Slow growth-Accelerated decline", including 1207 (59.84%) individuals. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio for DVS in the "Moderate-Slow decline-Slow growth" group was 1.326 (95% confidence interval: 1.075-1.636) compared to the "Moderate-Slow growth-Accelerated decline" group. The "Moderate-Slow decline-Slow growth" trajectory continued to decrease and was maintained at a low level in the early stages of aging. Sustaining a high dietary diversity trajectory over time, particularly in the early stages of aging, could potentially decrease the risk of frailty among older Chinese adults.
High fidelity single photon sources are required for the implementation of quantum information processing and communications protocols. Although colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are single photon sources, their efficacy is limited by their tendency to show finite multiphoton emission at higher excitation powers. Here, we show that wave function engineering of CQDs enables the realization of emitters with significantly improved single photon emission performance. We study the ZnS/CdSe/CdS system. It is shown that this system offers significantly improved probabilities of single photon emission. While conventional CQDs such as CdSe/CdS exhibit a g2(0) > 0.5 ± 0.02 at ⟨N⟩ = 2.17, ZnS/CdSe/CdS show a greatly improved g2(0) ≈ 0.04 ± 0.01. Improved single photon emission performance encourages the use of colloidal materials as quantum light sources in emerging quantum devices.
High maternal mortality rates still today remain a significant public health concern in South Asian countries. The majority of maternal deaths occur during pregnancy, and these deaths may typically be avoided by ensuring that women have access to reliable maternity care such as antenatal care (ANC) and facility delivery. The objectives of this research were to assess socioeconomic disparities in the utilization of health care services by mothers and to determine the factors influencing this utilization among women aged 15 to 49 in five South Asian countries. For this study, nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) were analyzed. This research included a total of 262,531 women between the ages of 15 and 49. To determine the likely causes of maternal health care utilization, simple bivariate statistics and binary logistic regression were applied, and decomposition analysis and the concentration curve were used to quantify disparity (Lorenz curve). ANC and institutional delivery were both prevalent in 59.27% and 86.52% of cases, respectively. Among the five nations, Maldives has the greatest ANC (96.83%) and institutional delivery (99.39%), while Bangladesh has the lowest ANC (47.01%) and institutional delivery (49.81%). Women's and husbands' education, household wealth status, BMI, and urban residents are the most important factors influencing maternal health service utilization, whereas higher education level, affluent wealth quintiles, and place of residence are the major contributors to socioeconomic inequalities in access to maternal health care that favor the wealthy. Maternal health care services must be utilized properly in order to promote optimal health and prevent maternal mortality. Several socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables of the individual population, as well as policy issues, all have an impact on maternal mortality. This research recommends for concerted action to enhance how successfully women use maternity care services.
High percentage of OOP (Out-of-Pocket) costs can lead to poverty and exacerbate existing poverty, with 21.9% of India's 1.324 billion people living below the poverty line. Factors such as increased patient cost-sharing, high-deductible health plans, and expensive medications contribute to high OOP costs. Understanding the poverty-inducing impact of healthcare payments is essential for formulating effective measures to alleviate it. The study used data from the 75th round of the National Sample Survey Organization (Household Social Consumption in India: Health) from July 2017-June 2018, focusing on demographic-socio-economic characteristics, morbidity status, healthcare utilization, and expenditure. The analysis included 66,237 hospitalized individuals in the last 365 days. Logistic regression model was used to examine the impact of OOP expenditures on impoverishment. Logistic regression analysis shows that there is 0.2868 lower odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP expenditures in households where there is the presence of at least one child aged 5 years and less present in the household compared to households who do not have any children. There is 0.601 higher odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP expenditures in urban areas compared to households in rural areas. With an increasing duration of stay in the hospital, there is a higher odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP health expenditures. There is 1.9013 higher odds of experiencing poverty due to OOP expenditures if at least one member in the household used private healthcare facility compared to households who never used private healthcare facilities. In order to transfer demand from private to public hospitals and reduce OOPHE, policymakers should restructure the current inefficient public hospitals. More crucially, there needs to be significant investment in rural areas, where more than 70% of the poorest people reside and who are more vulnerable to OOP expenditures because they lack coping skills.
High prevalence rates of distress and burnout in medical students are well-documented in mental health literature. Different types of interventions have been developed in the past in order to reduce stress in medical undergraduate students and promote better coping skills. There is, however, a paucity of studies that have tested the effectiveness of these interventions. This study aimed to examine the effect of different versions of the seminar 'Coping with stress', which was implemented in the first year of the undergraduate curriculum of the Medical University of Vienna in the summer semester of 2018, on students' mental health. Invitations to participate in the study were sent via email to six cohorts of students from the Medical University of Vienna. Two cohorts participated in the onsite version of the seminar 'Coping with stress', whereas two cohorts participated in the online version of the seminar, and two cohorts received no intervention (control group). Data on burnout risk, life satisfaction, stress, and knowledge about available help resources were collected via online questionnaires from n = 137 students before and after the curriculum module that contained the seminar. Medical students who participated in the onsite seminar reported a reduction of some aspects of burnout, a decrease in stress, and an increase in knowledge about available help resources. No such effect was seen in the control group. Participants of the online seminar experienced a similar increase in knowledge about available help resources, but no changes in other outcomes. The findings support the notion that the onsite seminar of 'Coping with stress' had a positive impact on medical students' mental health and is a useful addition to the medical curriculum by promoting mental health literacy. This research has been registered in the German Clinical Trial Registry with the registration number DRKS00018981 and the registration date 14/11/2019.
High quality laboratory results are critical for patient management. However, poor sample quality can impact these results and patient safety. To ensure reliable and accurate results laboratories must be aware of each analyte's stability under various storage conditions and matrices to guarantee correct and dependable outcomes. This knowledge allows laboratories to define the allowable delay between sample collection and centrifugation/analysis for all analytes to guarantee appropriate results quality and interpretation. The EFLM WG-PRE therefore established a 4-step plan to tackle this issue, aiming to standardize and harmonize stability studies for improved comparison and meta-analysis. The plan included the development of checklists and how-to guides for performing and reporting stability studies as well as a central resource of stability data. This manuscript deals with the issue of evaluating publications and incorporating them into a central resource. To evaluate stability studies, the CRESS checklist was used to structure 20 sections used to judge the quality of studies. Each section has 4 levels of quality, with scores converted to numerical values and weighted based on expert opinion. Based on this, a final score ranging from A to D was determined. The procedure was then tested on six manuscripts and checked for agreement between expert judgements. The results demonstrated that the proposed evaluation process is a useful tool to distinguish between best in class manuscripts and those of lower quality. The EFLM WG-PRE strongly believes that the provided recommendations and checklists will help improving stability studies both in quality and standardisation.
High quality leadership is key to delivering high standards of patient care. For many reasons, doctors in training are not currently well represented in leadership positions and struggle to access opportunities to develop these skills. As a key cohort within the medical workforce, using existing present opportunities within clinical training programmes would allow them to engage in leadership development and support them to lead on projects within their trusts and make sustainable changes within their own organisation.Within our anaesthetic department, we designed the Generic Professional Capabilities Hub (GPC hub)-a framework that aims to address some of the barriers to engagement in clinical leadership. Involvement in the GPC hub can be at three different levels, which allows for flexibility around other training needs. Currently, there are seven workstreams within the framework, with trainees being involved through symposia attendance, leading on projects linked to the hub or becoming a trainee workstream lead. We share our learning from setting up this framework, the benefits it brings to trainees and departments, initial evaluation results and our next steps which include regional roll out to four other anaesthetic departments.
High rates of adverse mood/neurodevelopmental traits are seen in multiple dermatological conditions, and can significantly affect patient quality of life. Understanding the sex-specific nature, magnitude, impact and basis of such traits in lesser-studied conditions like ichthyosis, is important for developing effective interventions. To quantify and compare relevant psychological traits in men with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI, n = 54) or in XLI carrier women (n = 83) and in patients with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV, men n = 23, women n = 59) or psoriasis (men n = 30, women n = 122), and to identify factors self-reported to contribute most towards depressive, anxious and irritable phenotypes. Participants recruited via relevant charities or social media completed an online survey of established questionnaires. Data were analysed by sex and skin condition, and compared with general population data. Compared with the general population, there was a higher rate of lifetime prevalence of mood disorder diagnoses across all groups and of neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses in the XLI groups. The groups exhibited similarly significant elevations in recent mood symptoms (Cohen d statistic 0.95-1.28, P < 0.001) and neurodevelopmental traits (d = 0.31-0.91, P < 0.05) compared with general population controls, and self-reported moderate effects on quality of life and stigmatization. There were strong positive associations between neurodevelopmental traits and recent mood symptoms (r > 0.47, P < 0.01), and between feelings of stigmatization and quality of life, particularly in men. Numerous factors were identified as contributing significantly to mood symptoms in a condition or sex-specific, or condition or sex-independent, manner. We found that individuals with XLI, IV or psoriasis show higher levels of mood disorder diagnoses and symptoms than matched general population controls, and that the prevalence and severity of these is similar across conditions. We also identified a number of factors potentially conferring either general or condition-specific risk of adverse mood symptoms in the three skin conditions, which could be targeted clinically and/or through education programmes. In clinical practice, recognizing mood/neurodevelopmental problems in ichthyosis and psoriasis, and addressing the predisposing factors identified by this study should benefit the mental health of affected individuals.