Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
In modern medical education, clinician-educators are increasingly called upon to develop online education to complement or replace in-person instruction. Despite a growing need for online curricula, many medical professionals lack training and experience in digital content development, deployment, assessment, and maintenance. Previous studies offer guidance on some aspects of online education development but often overlook key components, such as accessibility, legal considerations, financial implications, and sustainability challenges. This review offers medical professionals a broad overview of these important issues. We discuss various pedagogical considerations, including aligning educational goals and objectives with the digital content, choosing the appropriate online interface, and employing strategies to mitigate cognitive load while maximizing accessibility to create an inclusive online learning environment. We offer practical tips for creating effective, high-quality, and enduring audio-visual content and reflect on initial content deployment, testing, assessment, and revision. We discuss the intricacies of obtaining continuing medical education credits when the target audience includes faculty members. We address several legal issues online educators must consider, such as copyright laws, intellectual property rights, and medical liability. The review concludes with a discussion of sustainability mechanisms and financial considerations to ensure the long-term success of the educational program. Our recommendations aim to equip medical professionals embarking on a digital education journey with practical tools to produce effective, inclusive, and sustainable online content while considering legal implications.
In Morocco, despite various initiatives to improve the quality of reproductive healthcare, the indicators remain unfavorable. To strengthen the skills of midwives and support the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5 by 2030, Morocco has developed and implemented a competency-based training framework. However, there is a lack of information on the successful implementation of this program and its impact on the quality of student midwives' preparation for practice. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding and explore the barriers affecting the development of clinical learning skills among midwifery students and newly qualified midwives. This study employed a descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach. Data were collected through nine focus group discussions with 30 midwifery students and 24 newly graduated midwives between April and June 2023 from six higher education institutions in northern and central Morocco. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the transcribed discussions. The barriers varied between locations. Overall, the internship design was inadequate, and the clinical environment was insufficient. Participants highlighted limited opportunities to experience the full range of midwifery skills. However, most midwifery students and new graduates had deficient competencies in managing high-risk situations and emergencies. This work provides an overview of the nature and extent of the challenges faced by many student midwives in Morocco, resulting in newly graduated midwives being poorly prepared for the full range of midwifery practice. These findings can inform various initiatives to strengthen midwifery education at the global, regional, and national levels.
In Mozambique, HIV infection remains a leading cause of adolescent mortality. With advances in antiretroviral treatment (ART), the population of adolescents living with vertically-acquired HIV is growing. Most studies of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) focus on older youth with horizontal infection. As part of a larger study, we examined the characteristics and health care needs of younger ALHIV, including those with vertically-acquired infection to inform preventive interventions. We used a convergent mixed-methods design and recruited ALHIV aged 12-14 years who were enrolled in HIV care in three health clinics in Nampula, Mozambique. From 11/2019-3/2020, we conducted 61 quantitative surveys and 14 in-depth interviews with a purposively selected subset of ALHIV who were aware of their HIV status. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted for quantitative data. Qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The median age of ALHIV was 13 years, 50% were female, 67% lived with ≥1 parent, 70% had lost a parent, 100% were in school; 10% were in a relationship, and 3% had initiated sexual activity. Among 31 ALHIV aware of their serostatus, the median age of antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation was 8 years (IQR: 6-11); 55% received caregiver support for ART management; 35% reported missing ≥1 ART dose in the last 30 days; 6% had disclosed their HIV-status to friends and 48% reported no one to talk to about HIV-specific issues. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative interviews with ALHIV: a) learning one's HIV-positive status as the beginning of a secret life; b) importance of caregivers' support for ART management; c) high value of ALHIV peer support to overcome isolation, increase HIV literacy, and support adherence; and d) unmet needs for sexual and reproductive health education. HIV-related secrecy prevails among ALHIV, a situation exacerbated by caregivers and healthcare providers. Caregivers play a major role in supporting adherence among young ALHIV, yet ALHIV could also benefit from adolescent-friendly services, including peer support, sexual and reproductive health services and preparation for independent health management. Integrating such programs into ART services in Mozambique may be critical to promoting ALHIV health.
In multi-finger coordinated keystroke actions by professional pianists, movements are precisely regulated by multiple motor neural centers, exhibiting a certain degree of coordination in finger motions. This coordination enhances the flexibility and efficiency of professional pianists' keystrokes. Research on the coordination of keystrokes in professional pianists is of great significance for guiding the movements of piano beginners and the motion planning of exoskeleton robots, among other fields. Currently, research on the coordination of multi-finger piano keystroke actions is still in its infancy. Scholars primarily focus on phenomenological analysis and theoretical description, which lack accurate and practical modeling methods. Considering that the tendon of the ring finger is closely connected to adjacent fingers, resulting in limited flexibility in its movement, this study concentrates on coordinated keystrokes involving the middle and ring fingers. A motion measurement platform is constructed, and Leap Motion is used to collect data from 12 professional pianists. A universal model applicable to multiple individuals for multi-finger coordination in keystroke actions based on the backpropagation (BP) neural network is proposed, which is optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) and a sparrow search algorithm (SSA). The angular rotation of the ring finger's MCP joint is selected as the model output, while the individual difference information and the angular data of the middle finger's MCP joint serve as inputs. The individual difference information used in this study includes ring finger length, middle finger length, and years of piano training. The results indicate that the proposed SSA-BP neural network-based model demonstrates superior predictive accuracy, with a root mean square error of 4.8328°. Based on this model, the keystroke motion of the ring finger's MCP joint can be accurately predicted from the middle finger's keystroke motion information, offering an evaluative method and scientific guidance for the training of multi-finger coordinated keystrokes in piano learners.
In Norway, comprehensive molecular tumour profiling is implemented as part of the public healthcare system. A substantial number of tumours harbour potentially targetable molecular alterations. Therapy outcomes may improve if targeted treatments are matched with actionable genomic alterations. In the IMPRESS-Norway trial (NCT04817956), patients are treated with drugs outside the labelled indication based on their tumours molecular profile. IMPRESS-Norway is a national, prospective, non-randomised, precision cancer medicine trial, offering treatment to patients with advanced-stage disease, progressing on standard treatment. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing, TruSight Oncology 500, is used for screening. Patients with tumours harbouring molecular alterations with matched targeted therapies available in IMPRESS-Norway, are offered treatment. Currently, 24 drugs are available in the study. Primary study endpoints are percentage of patients offered treatment in the trial, and disease control rate (DCR) defined as complete or partial response or stable disease in evaluable patients at 16 weeks (W16) of treatment. Secondary endpoint presented is DCR in all treated patients. Between April 2021 and October 2023, 1,167 patients were screened, and an actionable mutation with matching drug was identified for 358 patients. By the data cut off 186 patients have initiated treatment, 170 had a minimum follow-up time of 16 weeks, and 145 also had evaluable disease. In patients with evaluable disease, the DCR was 40% (58/145). Secondary endpoint analysis of DCR in all treated patients, showed DCR of 34% (58/170). Precision cancer medicine demonstrates encouraging clinical effect in a subset of patients included in the IMPRESS-Norway trial.
In Norway, the introduction of an interdisciplinary subject named Public Health and Life skills has brought about renewed attention to how health is conceptualized and taught within and across school subjects. Physical education (PE) is one subject that has traditionally been linked to health outcomes. However, a narrow focus on increased physical activity as the main outcome of PE could be counterproductive in the pursuit of health. Critical health literacy (CHL) is put forward as a resource for health that can be nurtured in the PE context; this study hypothesizes that academic achievement in PE is positively associated with some aspects of CHL. This cross-sectional study included 521 pupils aged 13-15 years old from five lower secondary schools in Norway. Structural equation models were used as the primary statistical analysis to test the hypothesis. The study controlled for parents' education, leisure physical activity, and participation in sports club activities. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing a positive and significant association between PE and CHL. The association remains when controlling for parents' education, leisure physical activity, and participation in sports club activities (β^PE→CHL-C1 = 0.264, p = 0.001; β^PE→CHL-C2 = 0.351, p < 0.000). In our sample, academic achievement in PE was associated with higher levels of CHL. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the health benefits of PE. We argue that a resource-based health perspective can produce the appropriate aims for health in PE contexts and that the CHL concept contributes to illuminating key areas, promoting suitable teaching strategies, and bringing balance between an individual and collective focus for future health education, both within PE and across different subjects in school contexts.
In nursing education, essential skills include Critical Thinking (CT). There is scant evidence on how nurse educators could promote CT in students in a clinical context. To analyse the level of CT and correlated variables in healthcare nurses overseeing the clinicals of nursing undergraduates. The study population were all nurse educators for clinicals at hospitals with nursing undergraduates. To evaluate the CT skills of nurses the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire (N-CT-4 practice) was administered. Frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency and scatter were obtained. A bivariate analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the nurse educators' CT level and the sociodemographic, professional and academic levels. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare two independent groups. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05. The total number of participants was 639. The highest mean CT level was seen in clinical nurses involved in undergraduate nursing instruction and with experience of up to 10 years (mean CT score = 372 (33.3), p = .007). Global CT levels were similar in women and men (mean CT score: 364 (31.9) in women and 358 (40.5) in men, p = .187), with statistically significant differences only observed in the intellectual and cognitive indicator (P = .022). CT levels are high in teaching healthcare professionals in the clinical environment.
In oncology trials, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), specifically patient-reported symptom burden and functional status, can support the interpretation of survival endpoints, such as progression-free survival. However, applying time-to-event endpoints to patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data is challenging. For example, in time-to-deterioration analyses clinical events such as disease progression are common in many settings and are often handled through censoring the patient at the time of occurrence; however, disease progression and HRQoL are often related leading to informative censoring. Special consideration to the definition of events and intercurrent events (ICEs) is necessary. In this work, we demonstrate time-to-deterioration of PRO estimands and sensitivity analyses to answer research questions using composite, hypothetical, and treatment policy strategies applied to a single endpoint of disease-related symptoms. Multiple imputation methods under both the missing-at-random and missing-not-at-random assumptions are used as sensitivity analyses of primary estimands. Hazard ratios ranged from 0.52 to 0.66 over all the estimands and sensitivity analyses modeling a robust treatment effect favoring the treatment in time to disease symptom deterioration or death. Differences in the estimands include how people who experience disease progression or discontinue the randomized treatment due to AEs are accounted for in the analysis. We use the estimand framework to define interpretable and principled approaches for different time-to-deterioration research questions and provide practical recommendations. Reporting the proportions of patient events and patient censoring by reason helps understand the mechanisms that drive the results, allowing for optimal interpretation.
In open heart surgery, sternotomy causes inflammation in tissues, and inflammation causes postoperative pain. This study aims to examine the effects of bilateral erector spinae plane (ESP) blocks on postoperative extubation time and laboratory parameters in open heart surgery. The study was managed using retrospective data from 85 patients who underwent open-heart surgery. Patients who received intravenous analgesia and were transferred to the intensive care unit with intubation were included in the study. Two groups were formed: those who received preoperative bilateral ESP block (ESB) and those nonblock (NB). Statistical significance was investigated between ESB and NB in terms of extubation time and laboratory parameters. The postoperative extubation time for group NB was significantly longer at 360 (300-420) min compared to the observed 270 (240-390) min for ESB (p: 0.006). The length of stay in the intensive care unit was also longer for group NB at 4 (3-5) days compared to 3 (3-4) days for ESB (p: 0.001). Ejection fraction values, cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic cross-clamp times were similar in both groups. Postoperative 24 h troponin I levels were higher for group NB at 0.94 (0.22-2.70) mcg/L compared to 0.16 (0.06-1.40) mcg/L for group ESB (p: 0.016). It would be useful for anesthesiologists to know that erector spinae plane blocks applied in the preoperative period in cardiac surgeries not only shorten the mechanical ventilation and hospitalization times but also provide lower troponin values in the postoperative period patient follow-ups.
In oral and other health research, participant literacy levels may impact the quality of data obtained through self-report (e.g., degree of data missingness). This study addressed whether computerized administration of a battery of psychosocial instruments used in an oral health disparities research protocol yielded more complete data than paper-and-pencil administration and aimed to determine the role of general literacy in differences in data missingness between administration types. Oral health data were obtained from 1,652 adolescent and adult participants who were administered a large questionnaire battery via either paper-and-pencil or tablet personal computer. Number of unanswered items for each participant was compared across administration mode. For a subset of 171 participants who were randomized to one of the administration modes, general literacy and satisfaction with the questionnaire experience also were assessed. Participants assigned to complete the oral health questionnaire battery via tablet PC were significantly more likely than those assigned to the paper-and-pencil condition to have missing data for at least one item (p < .001); however, for participants who had at least one missing item, paper-and-pencil administration was associated with a greater number of items missed than was tablet PC administration (p < .001). Across administration modes, participants with higher literacy level completed the questionnaire battery more rapidly than their lower literacy counterparts (p < .001). Participant satisfaction was similar for both modes of questionnaire administration (p ≥ .29). These results suggest that a certain type of data missingness may be decreased through the use of a tablet computer for questionnaire administration.
In order to achieve the goals of the Medical Informatics Initiative (MII), staff with skills in the field of medical informatics and data science are required. Each consortium has established training activities. Further, cross-consortium activities have emerged. This article describes the concepts, implemented programs, and experiences in the consortia. Fifty-one new professorships have been established and 10 new study programs have been created: 1 bachelor's degree and 6 consecutive and 3 part-time master's degree programs. Further, learning and training opportunities can be used by all MII partners. Certification and recognition opportunities have been created.The educational offers are aimed at target groups with a background in computer science, medicine, nursing, bioinformatics, biology, natural science, and data science. Additional qualifications for physicians in computer science and computer scientists in medicine seem to be particularly important. They can lead to higher quality in software development and better support for treatment processes by application systems.Digital learning methods were important in all consortia. They offer flexibility for cross-location and interprofessional training. This enables learning at an individual pace and an exchange between professional groups.The success of the MII depends largely on society's acceptance of the multiple use of medical data in both healthcare and research. The information required for this is provided by the MII's public relations work. There is also an enormous need in society for medical and digital literacy.
In order to best care for women, obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) must be able to diagnose and treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as effectively communicate risks regarding STIs. This article provides a narrative review of studies primarily conducted by the Research Department at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, about missed opportunities for STI risk communication. Missed opportunities include the omission or partial completion of STI risk assessment and counseling, failure to offer screening or testing, lack of follow-up on STI testing/vaccination refusals, and a failure to comply with existing guidelines. We also discuss knowledge level, time constraints, and gaps in statistical literacy as barriers to STI communication. The aim of this article is to highlight common barriers to risk communication, discuss their potential impact, and suggest means by which these obstacles can be addressed. Future directions for training, education, and research are discussed.
In order to clarify the transmission mechanism of the impact of mechanization on the occupational health of miners and to provide empirical evidence for the development of new quality productivity in the coal industry that balances health and efficiency. In August 2022, we selected a typical coal mine, constructed a comprehensive evaluation index of miners' occupational health through a questionnaire survey based on the fully connected neural network model. A Bayesian model was used to verify the influence of mechanization level on miners' occupational health. We found that: the predicted probability of occupational diseases could be used as a comprehensive indicator of the level of occupational health, providing a basis for early intervention and prevention of occupational diseases. Mechanization could directly promote the improvement of miners' occupational health level, and also indirectly affect occupational health level by influencing hazards level and work intensity. The indirect effect of mechanization on work intensity was positive, and the indirect effect of mechanization on hazards level was positive. Presented the "inverted U-shaped" process in the mechanization breakthrough semi-mechanized level would realize the economies of scale of health protection, its impact on the prevention and control of occupational hazards would turn from negative to positive.
In order to develop a statistical model for complex interactions among factors affecting early childhood caries development (ECC), 234 children from the "XXXX oral growth longitudinal study" were analysed at ages 3, 4 and 5. A questionnaire for children's parents (clinical history, nutritional and oral hygiene habits) and clinical oral examinations were recorded each year. The probabilistic dependence structure on the most significant factors was modelled with an Undirected Graphical Model (UGM or Markov random fields) which provides a probabilistic reasoning approach for the establishment of multi-way associations. The best fitting UGM was estimated through the maximum likelihood principle and two-way factor associations were verified through Fisher's exact statistical hypothesis tests for count data. The effect of sugar intake on caries incidence is mediated by oral hygiene; for caries incidence, oral hygiene quality is more relevant than toothbrushing time; the effect of pacifier on caries incidence is statistically significant only when considered in combination with breastfeeding time. Among behavioural ECC risk factors, the quality of oral hygiene, and not the toothbrushing frequency, is a primary factor that modulates the sugar intake in his primary role of the ECC developer. School-based oral health programs for ECC prevention should be improved with supervised toothbrushing program. UGM analysis could improve the school-based oral health programs with more effective and efficient prevention strategies based on the hierarchical interactions among the ECC risk factors. Oral hygiene plays a pivotal role in early childhood caries and can modulate positively or negatively their development. Supervised toothbrushing is a crucial intervention to be included in the daily educational and clinical practice and in the school-based oral health promotion programs. Trial registration: Clinical trial registration number: NCT02798809.