Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
Brucellosis is the commonest zoonotic disease worldwide and a common public health problem in Nepal. Because of the highly variable clinical presentation and non-specific manifestations, it remains a big challenge for clinicians from developing countries. Brucellosis has a tropism for the reticuloendothelial system, the liver is frequently involved. There is a paucity of data about the laboratory and clinical findings of human Brucellosis from Nepal. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted this study to find out the clinical profile and biochemical abnormalities of patients with brucellosis at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in western Nepal. A cross-sectional study was carried out at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. All patients admitted to the in-patient department of our hospital with probable or definitive diagnoses of brucellosis were included. We excluded those who did not consent to their participation in our study, those who were under 18 years of age, and those who had deranged liver function due to other pre-existing illnesses. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data in terms of demography, clinical manifestations, and laboratory parameters. There was a total of 40 confirmed cases of Brucellosis (age: 18-66 years) during the study period. More than half (55%, n = 22) of the study participants were males and most of them lived in a rural setting (77.5%, n = 31). Most of them (70%, n = 28) gave history of ingestion of high-risk food. The commonest clinical findings were fever with/out chills (90%, n = 36) followed by nausea/vomiting (72.5%, n = 29), headache (40%, n = 16) and malaise (37.5, n = 15). Liver function was deranged in a majority of the patients, the common parameters being Alkaline phosphatase in 96% (n = 38) cases, followed by SGOT (62.5%, n = 25), leukocytosis (57.5%, n = 23), total bilirubin (52.5%, n = 21) and SGPT (37.5%, n = 15). Characteristic increment (more than two folds of the upper limit of normal) was observed for alkaline phosphatase. The reticuloendothelial system is frequently involved in brucellosis. Notable changes were observed in liver function and hematological parameters in a majority of the participants in our study. These findings highlight the need for the implementation of effective control programs to address this problem in the Nepalese context.
Budget constraints become an important consideration in modern predictive modeling due to the high cost of collecting certain predictors. This motivates us to develop cost-constrained predictive modeling methods. In this paper, we study a new high-dimensional cost-constrained linear regression problem, that is, we aim to find the cost-constrained regression model with the smallest expected prediction error among all models satisfying a budget constraint. The non-convex budget constraint makes this problem NP-hard. In order to estimate the regression coefficient vector of the cost-constrained regression model, we propose a new discrete first-order continuous optimization method. In particular, our method delivers a series of estimates of the regression coefficient vector by solving a sequence of 0-1 knapsack problems. Theoretically, we prove that the series of the estimates generated by our iterative algorithm converge to a first-order stationary point, which can be a globally optimal solution under some conditions. Furthermore, we study some extensions of our method that can be used for general statistical learning problems and problems with groups of variables. Numerical studies using simulated datasets and a real dataset from a diabetes study indicate that our proposed method can solve problems of fairly high dimensions with promising performance. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Building and sustaining effective child welfare practice requires an infrastructure of social work professionals trained to use data to identify target populations, connect interventions to outcomes, adapt practice to varying contexts and dynamic populations, and assess their own effectiveness. Increasingly, public agencies are implementing models of self-assessment in which administrative data are used to guide and continuously evaluate the implementation of programs and policies. The research curriculum described in the article was developed to provide Title IV-E and other students interested in public child welfare systems with hands-on opportunities to become experienced and "statistically literate" users of aggregated public child welfare data from California's administrative child welfare system, attending to the often missing link between data/research and practice improvement.
Building data-driven models is an effective strategy for information extraction from empirical data. Adapting model parameters specifically to data with a best fitting approach encodes the relevant information into a mathematical model. Subsequently, an optimal control framework extracts the most efficient targets to steer the model into desired changes via external stimuli. The DataXflow software framework integrates three software pipelines, D2D for model fitting, a framework solving optimal control problems including external stimuli and JimenaE providing graphical user interfaces to employ the other frameworks lowering the barriers for the need of programming skills, and simultaneously automating reoccurring modeling tasks. Such tasks include equation generation from a graph and script generation allowing also to approach systems with many agents, like complex gene regulatory networks. A desired state of the model is defined, and therapeutic interventions are modeled as external stimuli. The optimal control framework purposefully exploits the model-encoded information by providing those external stimuli that effect the desired changes most efficiently. The implementation of DataXflow is available under https://github.com/MarvelousHopefull/DataXflow. We showcase its application by detecting specific drug targets for a therapy of lung cancer from measurement data to lower proliferation and increase apoptosis. By an iterative modeling process refining the topology of the model, the regulatory network of the tumor is generated from the data. An application of the optimal control framework in our example reveals the inhibition of AURKA and the activation of CDH1 as the most efficient drug target combination. DataXflow paves the way to an agile interplay between data generation and its analysis potentially accelerating cancer research by an efficient drug target identification, even in complex networks.
Building therapeutic relationships and social presence are challenging in digital services and maybe even more difficult in written services. Despite these difficulties, in-person care may not be feasible or accessible in all situations. This study aims to categorize crisis counselors' efforts to build rapport in written conversations by using deidentified conversation transcripts from the text and chat arms of the National Child Abuse Hotline. Using these categories, we identify the common characteristics of successful conversations. We defined success as conversations where help-seekers reported the hotline was a good way to seek help and that they were a lot more hopeful, a lot more informed, a lot more prepared to address the situation, and experiencing less stress, as reported by help-seekers. The sample consisted of transcripts from 314 purposely selected conversations from of the 1153 text and chat conversations during July 2020. Hotline users answered a preconversation survey (ie, demographics) and a postconversation survey (ie, their perceptions of the conversation). We used qualitative content analysis to process the conversations. Active listening skills, including asking questions, paraphrasing, reflecting feelings, and interpreting situations, were commonly used by counselors. Validation, unconditional positive regard, and evaluation-based language, such as praise and apologies, were also often used. Compared with less successful conversations, successful conversations tended to include fewer statements that attend to the emotional dynamics. There were qualitative differences in how the counselors applied these approaches. Generally, crisis counselors in positive conversations tended to be more specific and tailor their comments to the situation. Building therapeutic relationships and social presence are essential to digital interventions involving mental health professionals. Prior research demonstrates that they can be challenging to develop in written conversations. Our work demonstrates characteristics associated with successful conversations that could be adopted in other written help-seeking interventions.
Bullying and cyberbullying victimization are common among undergraduate nursing students. However, evidence regarding health literacy association with bullying and cyberbullying victimization is lacking. To investigate the association between health literacy and bullying and cyberbullying victimization in undergraduate nursing students. A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of undergraduate nursing students (N = 397). The students completed three data collection scales (Forms of Peer Victimization Scale, Florence Cyberbullying-Cybervictimization Scales, and Health Literacy Questionnaire) and a demographics questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using cluster analysis and independent samples t-test. The mean age of students was 20.93 (SD = 2.16). Cluster analysis revealed that there were two clusters; undergraduate nursing students in cluster 1 had lower scores on health literacy and higher scores on bullying and cyberbullying victimization. The t-test results showed that undergraduate nursing students with a history of bullying victimization had lower scores on health literacy scales than those who reported no exposure to bullying victimization (p < .05). The largest mean difference was found in the "social support for health" scale. The findings of this study provide evidence that health literacy is a key determinant of mitigating bullying and cyberbullying victimization in undergraduate nursing students.
Bullying is a global problem in adolescents which has increased every year. One of the factors in the occurrence of bullying is the ability of interpersonal skills. This ability can build good relationships with assertive between adolescents and can prevent bullying. The purpose of this study is to describe assertiveness therapy for reducing bullying behavior and its impacts among adolescents. The method used in this study is scoping review. The search strategy used is PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews through three databases namely PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The authors used inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria in the selection of articles. The major keywords used in the article search were bullying, assertiveness therapy, and adolescents. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative. The results showed that there were 10 articles that discussed assertive therapy. All articles show that assertiveness therapy can reduce bullying behavior and its impact significantly, such as reducing the impact of anxiety and increasing self-esteem. Assertiveness therapy methods carried out in the form of education, games, and role play. Education is carried out online and offline. Educational media is provided directly and through media such as educational videos which can be accessed at any time. Gender and cultural approaches are important aspects in the implementation of assertive therapy. Assertive therapy can improve interpersonal skills, social skills, empathy and assertiveness so that it can reduce bullying behavior and its impacts in adolescents. Then, this data becomes the basis for nurses to carry out assertive therapy as an effort to prevent and reduce bullying behavior in adolescents.
Burn injuries are significant sources of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the advances in the management of burn injuries, a great number of victims still develop complications. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and management outcomes of burn injuries in a Teaching Hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study was retrospective in nature. A total of 203 hospital records of burn patients seen between January 2015 and December 2019 were collected and analyzed, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings from the study revealed that half (51.7%) of the respondents were within ages 0-10 years and more than half (63.1%) were males. The study findings also revealed a relative decline in the prevalence of burn injury as the average prevalence in the years under review. Some of the reported complications were wound infection (4.9%), delayed healing (4.4%), residual wound (4.4%) and death (9.4%). In addition, the study revealed that there was no relationship between gender, age, socioeconomic factors and prevalence and management outcomes of burn in the study setting. The study recommends that efforts should be made by health workers to equip themselves with knowledge of the complex needs of burn victims and also to keep abreast with the advances in critical care.
Burnout and emotional exhaustion are becoming common among health workers in the busy teaching hospitals due to increased workload and the dearth of human resource. This study aimed to determine the causes of burnout among doctors and across gender differences. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from 1st July to 30th September 2022. Two hundred and forty-five randomly recruited doctors who filled out self-administered questionnaires were included in the study. Independent samples t-test was used for comparison of the mean emotional burnout score. Female doctors felt more emotionally drained, more fatigued, and more worn out from work than male doctors (p < 0.05). Overall emotional exhaustion was also higher in female doctors (p < 0.05). This situation was more serious during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender-sensitive environments, workplace policies, and necessary interventions will save physicians' burnout and brain drain. Emotional burnout is greater in female doctors as compared to their male counterparts. This evidence not only calls for prevention and treatment but also certain service-related reforms to facilitate female physicians to balance out their work and family lives more effectively. Key Words: Physicians, Emotional exhaustion, Burnout, Gender difference, Pakistan.
Burnout is a longstanding issue among educators and has been associated with psychological and physical health problems such as depression, and insomnia. To assess the prevalence and predictors of the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of professional accomplishment) among elementary and high school teachers. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with data collected via an online survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and the Perceived Stress Scale were used, respectively, to assess burnout, resilience and stress among teachers. Data was collected between September 1st, 2022 and August 30th, 2023. SPSS (version 28, IBM Corp) was used for the data analysis. Overall, 1912 educators received a link to the online survey via a text message, and 780 completed the burnout survey questions, resulting in a response rate of 41%. The prevalence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of professional accomplishment were 76.9, 23.2, and 30.8%, respectively. Participants with high-stress symptoms were 6.88 times more likely to experience emotional exhaustion (OR = 6.88; 95% CI: 3.31-14.29), 2.55 times (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.65-3.93) more likely to experience depersonalization and 2.34 times (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.64-3.35) more likely to experience lack of professional fulfilment. Additionally, respondents with low resilience were 3.26 times more likely to experience emotional exhaustion symptoms (OR = 3.26; 95% CI: 2.00-5.31), than those with high resilience. Males were about 2.4 times more likely to present with depersonalization compared to female teachers, whilst those who indicated their marital status as partnered or cohabiting and those who selected "other" were 3.5 and 7.3 times, respectively, more likely to present with depersonalization compared with those who were single. Finally, Physical Education were 3.8 times more likely to present with depersonalization compared with English teachers. The current study highlights the predictive effects of low resilience and high stress on the three dimensions of burnout among teachers in Canada. Interventions aimed at addressing systemic stress and fostering resilience are needed to reduce burnout among teachers.
Burnout is a public health crisis that persists at the expense of clinician well-being, the healthcare workforce, and the quality of care provided. Clinician well-being is a professional imperative, yet nursing students still report higher levels of burnout than non-nursing students. Cultivating an academic learning environment that supports the development of resiliency, well-being, and improved student mental health requires a coordinated and sustained effort from nurse educators and academic leaders. This article aims to inspire nurse educators to take the first or next steps toward integrating wellness into nursing curricula. The ten dimensions of wellness provide a framework for wellness programming. Practical strategies aligned with each dimension are offered. As an exemplar, the Banding Together for Wellness program is summarized, including innovative incentives for student participation. Over the past five years, 426 (approximately 54 %) undergraduate nursing students voluntarily completed the program. While best practices may vary by institution, the strategies and resources offered herein can support nurse educators in the classroom, lab, and clinical setting as we all work to foster personal and professional well-being in nursing students. Nurse educators can be instrumental in cultivating the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for life-long self-care, well-being, and nursing practice.
Burnout is commonly associated with professions that entail a high rate of close relationships with other individuals or groups. This paper explores the association between burnout and interpersonal relationships using a relational, social network framework. We collected data on advice-seeking relationships among 102 teachers and administrative staff from a secondary school in Melbourne, Australia. Burnout was measured using the Burnout Assessment Tool and we focused on four core subscales: (1) exhaustion; (2) mental distance; (3) emotional impairment; and (4) cognitive impairment. We applied a particular class of statistical model for social networks called Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) to shed new light on how level of burnout relates to formation of advice relations among school staff. Results indicated that high levels of overall burnout were linked to a higher number of advice-seeking ties among school staff. Additionally, teachers who scored high in cognitive impairment (i.e., difficulties in thinking clearly and learn new things at work) tended to seek and to provide advice to a greater number of others. Finally, school staff who scored high in exhaustion (i.e., a severe loss of energy that results in feelings of both physical and mental exhaustion) tended to be sought out less as advisors to others, while those high in mental distance (i.e., psychologically distancing oneself from others) were generally less likely to seek advice from other school staff. We discuss these findings drawing on Conservation of Resource theory. Notably, our results show that burnout is not only an individual-level problem, but that burnout is associated with reduced social connectivity in specific ways that may impact on how other school staff collaborate, culminating in a staff-wide overall impact that affects how schools function.
Burnout syndrome (BS) is the result of chronic stress in the workplace. Moreover, chronic stress can affect sleep. A unidirectional relationship has been established between burnout and sleep, and it is known that white-collar workers with burnout syndrome have sleep fragmentation and marked daytime sleepiness. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between burnout and sleep quality in elementary school teachers in Mexico. We collected data from more than 400 teachers who completed tests. Correlation analyses controlled for anxiety and depression, and Poisson logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships of burnout with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety. There was a significant correlation between burnout syndrome (mainly in the dimension of emotional exhaustion) and sleep disturbances; significant correlations were also observed with other burnout, depression, and anxiety dimensions. The strength of the correlations decreased after controlling for depression and anxiety. The symptoms of burnout syndrome in teachers can overlap with sleep disorders, so it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis to differentiate burnout syndrome from depression and anxiety, among others.
Burns is a disease of poverty, disproportionately affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries, where most of the injuries and the deaths caused by burns occurs. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is estimated that one fifth of burn victims die from their injuries. Mortality prediction indexes are used to estimate outcomes after provided burn care, which has been used in burn services of high-income countries over the last 60 years. It remains to be seen whether these are reliable in low-income settings. This study aimed to analyze in-hospital mortality and to apply mortality estimation indexes in burn patients admitted to the only specialized burn unit in Rwanda. This retrospective study included all patients with burns admitted at the burn unit (BU) of the University Teaching Hospital in Kigali (CHUK) between 2005 and 2019. Patient data were collected from the BU logbook. Descriptive statistics were calculated with frequency (%) and median (interquartile range, IQR). Association between burns characteristics and in-hospital mortality was calculated with Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon rank, as appropriate. Mortality estimation analysis, including Baux score, Lethal Area 50 (LA50), and point of futility, was calculated in those patients with complete data on age and TBSA. LA50 and point-of-futility were calculated using logistic regression. Among the 1093 burn patients admitted at the CHUK burn unit during the study period, 49% (n=532) had complete data on age and TBSA. Their median age, TBSA, and Baux score were 3.4 years (IQR 1.9-17.1), 15% (IQR 11-25), and 24 (IQR 16-38), respectively. Overall, reported in-hospital mortality was 13% (n=121/931), LA50 for Baux score was 89.9 (95% CI 76.2-103.7), and the point-of-futility was at a Baux score of 104. Mortality estimation indexes based on age and TBSA are feasible to use in low-income settings. However, implementation of systematic data collection would contribute to a more accurate calculation of the mortality risk.