Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
It is important to understand the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents from the adolescents themselves to address their needs properly. Hence, this paper provides new knowledge on the information needs on SRH among adolescent boys and girls in selected secondary schools in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. A comparative assessment was conducted among adolescent boys and girls in public secondary schools that received a specific school-based SRH intervention (group A) and those that did not receive the intervention (group B). These schools were spread across six urban and rural local government areas in Ebonyi state, southeast Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 514 adolescents aged 13 to 18 on their stated needs for SRH information and services. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, and predictors were determined using logistic regression analysis. The statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. Majority of the adolescents (82% of intervention group and 92% of non-intervention group) identified puberty and pubertal changes as perceived SRH information need for adolescents (χ2 = 7.94; p-value = 0.01). Adolescents who received SRH intervention have 3.13 (p < 0.001) times the odds of perceiving the need for adolescents to be provided with SRH information than adolescents who did not receive SRH intervention. The odds of perceiving the need for adolescents to be provided with SRH information for adolescents who reside in urban communities are 0.31 (p < 0.001) times the odds for adolescents who resides in rural communities. That is, the perception odds are higher adolescents who reside in rural communities. Multivariate regression of specific SRH information showed the location of residence as a strong predictor of adolescents' perceived need for information on 'puberty and pubertal changes' (OR = 0.30; p = 0.001), 'safe sex and sexual relations' (OR = 0.33; p < 0.001) and 'prevention of pregnancy and use of contraceptives' (OR = 0.28; p < 0.001). Adolescents in senior secondary school have 2.21 (p = 0.002) times the odds of perceiving the need for adolescents to be provided with specific SRH information than adolescents who are in junior secondary school. Adolescents' age, location of residence, and study group were found to be strong predictors of SRH information needs. This suggests the need for in-school adolescents to be provided with substantial and continuous SRH information for healthy living and making informed SRH choices. In developing SRH interventions that will achieve optimal effectiveness in the lives of adolescents in school, different demographic factors should be considered for context-specific and appropriate strategies.
It is necessary to evaluate the effects of competency-based training (CBT) model in the clinical training of new nurses, to provide insights to the management of nurses. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang and Weipu Databases for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the application effect of CBT in new nurse training up to December 15, 2021. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the literatures. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. A total of 7 RCTs involving 639 new nurses were included. Meta-analyses indicated that CBT improved the ability of clinical nursing care [SMD = 1.52, 95%CI (0.13~2.90), P = 0.03], critical thinking and innovation[SMD = 0.69, 95%CI (0.43~0.95), P<0.001], interpersonal communication[SMD = 0.74, 95%CI (0.51~0.97), P<0.001], professional construction and development[SMD = 1.92, 95%CI (1.41~2.42), P<0.001], level of comprehensive knowledge[SMD = 1.20, 95%CI (0.63~1.76), P<0.001] and level of good personal traits[SMD = 1.89, 95%CI (1.27~2.50), P<0.001].The results of Egger regression tests indicated that there were no statistical biases amongst the synthesized outcomes (all P>0.05). CBT is beneficial for improving the competency of newly recruited nurses. More RCTs from different population and regions are needed to further elucidate the role of CBT in nurse management.
It is necessary to re-imagine nursing curriculums utilizing a postmodern approach, as outdated teacher-centred methods of nursing education with emphasis on memorization versus critical thinking no longer meet the needs of the contemporary learner and the current challenges of the healthcare environment. There is an explicit need to redesign nursing curriculums that are future-oriented, adaptive and flexible and serve the learners' best interests. Distilled from a decade of teaching experience in an undergraduate, second-degree entry, accelerated nursing program, this paper describes the construction of a learner-centred, postmodern, concept-based nursing curriculum that aims to foster learners' inquiry skills, critical thinking, problem-solving, and experiential learning-all which develop learners' autonomy, self-direction, and lifelong learning. The objective is to foster learners' transformational and emancipatory learning and metacognition. An extensive review of the current trends, contemporary nursing knowledge for the past decade (2013-2023), and seminal literature on theories and frameworks paralleled with the review of current and future trends in Canadian and global health care, including the socio-economic, politico and environmental contexts, led to the formulation of a concept-based curriculum. Grounded in the constructivist paradigm, the curriculum applies interperetivist, critical, feminist, and indigenous lenses. The Strength-Based Nursing framework was selected as the core guiding framework. The curriculum's four curricular themes and foundational pillars were adopted directly from the framework to provide a starting point for concept development. These initial themes were then juxtaposed with relevant nursing, and social theories, policies, and frameworks, ensuring a robust coverage of modern nursing knowledge and allowing for the core concepts of the curriculum to emerge. A total of 21 concepts and 192 sub-concepts were developed. Implications for future practice require nursing educators to receive support and professional development opportunities in developing skills and confidence in entering a classroom as co-learners and facilitators.
It is not clearly known how well Danes estimate their chances of reaching the average life expectancy and whether identifiable population subgroups misestimate their life expectancy, and potentially also investments and savings in health and pensions. Therefore, in this study, we examined on the individual level whether subjective life expectancy is in line with the statistically calculated chance of reaching age 85, and further explored the psychological and behavioral factors associated with under or overestimation. We opted for a cross-sectional survey design based on a sample of 5,379 Danish citizens aged 50-70 years, returning a web-based questionnaire with socio-demographic data supplemented from a national registry. Average participant estimates of their chance of reaching age 85 for each age range and sex group were compared with actuarial data. We then performed multiple linear regression analyses to examine factors associated with the subjective expectancy of reaching age 85 years. We found that 32% of females and 23% of males reported 100% certainty of reaching age 85, and average expected survival chance exceeded the statistically predicted survival chance for 23% of males and 16% for females in age-ranges 50-60 and 61-70. Our multivariable analysis found that health literacy, internal health locus of control, willingness to take health risks, self-rated health, and health and life satisfaction all showed a significant positive association with expectation of reaching age 85. Moreover, those on daily medications, ex- or current smokers, and heavy drinkers were significantly less optimistic about reaching age 85. Particularly for the population groups with inaccurate life expectancies, the significant associations with psychological and behavioral factors open a way for initiatives based on behavior change theories to reach a better agreement between subjective and statistical life expectancy.
It is of great importance that science educators teach COVID-19 and related pandemics to boost students' scientific literacy. A mixed methods research design (pre-post test instrument [N = 86] and semi-structured interviews [N = 11]-August 2020 to June 2021) evaluated the ability of an intervention (12 h, three-session, 3-day, online workshop) to augment middle school inservice science teachers' (Eastern Saudi Arabian province) ability to teach about medical terminology and the epidemiology of diseases. Teachers' cognitive gains were measured through evaluating their knowledge, comprehension, and application of workshop content before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and inferential t tests revealed statistically significant cognitive differences overall (p < .01) (posttest mean = 26.26/30, SD 2.83, t value 18.51) and along knowledge (posttest mean = 5.72/7), comprehension (mean = 7.50/8), and application (mean = 13.05/15). A high effect size coefficient n2 indicated a large effect on cognitive gains. Thematic analysis about participants' subsequent efforts teaching workshop content to students revealed positive and negative experiences. The former included improved student engagement with the curriculum, community connections via project-based learning, and opportunities to teach colleagues about COVID-19. The latter concerned insufficient time, an obligation to teach the current curriculum without adding COVID-19 content, and administrative resistance. Recommendations pertain to augmenting the workshop curriculum and likeminded research initiatives.
It is typically challenging for visual or visual-inertial odometry systems to handle the problems of dynamic scenes and pure rotation. In this work, we design a novel visual-inertial odometry (VIO) system called RD-VIO to handle both of these two problems. Firstly, we propose an IMU-PARSAC algorithm which can robustly detect and match keypoints in a two-stage process. In the first state, landmarks are matched with new keypoints using visual and IMU measurements. We collect statistical information from the matching and then guide the intra-keypoint matching in the second stage. Secondly, to handle the problem of pure rotation, we detect the motion type and adapt the deferred-triangulation technique during the data-association process. We make the pure-rotational frames into the special subframes. When solving the visual-inertial bundle adjustment, they provide additional constraints to the pure-rotational motion. We evaluate the proposed VIO system on public datasets and online comparison. Experiments show the proposed RD-VIO has obvious advantages over other methods in dynamic environments.
It is unclear how best to identify "high-risk" areas for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and if neighborhood-level interventions improve bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR). Our objectives were to 1) identify and compare community characteristics between high and low-risk neighborhoods; and 2) examine change in BCPR after a targeted hands-only CPR intervention. This was a cross-sectional analysis of OHCA events in Franklin County, Ohio between 1/1/2010-12/31/2017. Adult (≥18 years) OHCAs in a non-healthcare setting with emergency medical services resuscitation attempted were included. High-risk neighborhoods based on OHCA incidence and BCPR rates were identified using global Empirical Bayes, Local Moran's I, and spatial scan statistic. We compared characteristics of high and low-risk neighborhoods and examined change in BCPR. From the 3,841 included OHCAs, the mean adjusted OHCA incidence per census tract was 0.81 per 1,000, BCPR rate was 37.2%, and survival to hospital discharge was 11.5%. Of the 35 census tracts identified as high-risk, ten persisted from previous work. OHCA incidence was higher in high-risk neighborhoods (1.30 per 1,000 vs. 0.73, p < 0.001) and BCPR rates were lower (30.2% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.001). There were significant differences in characteristics between high and low-risk neighborhoods (e.g., Black population: 45.3% vs. 25.7%, p < 0.001). The neighborhoods targeted for the community education intervention had similar pre- and post-intervention BCPR rates. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics differed between high- and low-risk neighborhoods. BCPR rates were lower in high-risk neighborhoods despite a targeted BCPR intervention. Educational interventions may be necessary, but not sufficient, to improve OHCA outcomes.
It is urgent to explore and solve the problems in China's current Marxist psychological education. The main goal of the research is to promote the sinicization innovation of Marxist humanistic theory in colleges and universities. Combined with Marxist humanist theory, this paper designs a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teaching mode for cultivating innovative thinking in an attempt to change the way college students cultivate innovative thinking. The research method is to discuss the status, problems, causes, and countermeasures of the sinicization innovation of Marxist humanistic theory in colleges and universities through literature research, logical analysis, and empirical research. The progress and existing problems of college students' current psychological education logic are summarized based on empirical research. The research results show that the innovation of Marxist humanistic theory in colleges and universities needs to be innovated in terms of theory, method, content, and form and integrated into the development needs and innovation requirements of contemporary Chinese society. The countermeasures implemented include promoting the intersectionality, interdisciplinarity, and innovation of Marxist humanistic theory research in colleges and universities, strengthening the close integration of Marxist humanistic theory education and practice in colleges and universities, and enhancing the effectiveness and orientation of Marxist humanistic theory education in colleges and universities. In the context of innovative thinking, the effectiveness of psychological logic education should be further improved through innovative research on the sinicization of Marxist humanistic theory in colleges and universities.
It is useful to advance simulated patient (SP) participation in teaching to improve the communication skills of medical students, so this study aims to explore the current state of Chinese mainland SP education. A cross sectional survey was designed utilizing well defined quantitative research methods and descriptive statistics. The questionnaire sought information which elucidated the current status of SP-based education, the origin of SP-based learning, SP training, challenges of this learning strategy and future developments. Questionnaires were distributed to 79 medical colleges in mainland China, and 68 were returned. Of these, 64 constituted valid responses (81%). The number of SP-based education activities in medical colleges offering 5-year、7-year and 8-year clinical medicine programs was significantly higher than that in medical colleges which offered only a single 5-year program (p < 0.01). Communication skills training accounted for 73% of the content of SP-based learning activities, and was expected to rise in the future to 90%, in response to a need to improve doctor-patient relationships. Persons recruited as 'simulated patients' included students (21% of the total), residents (49%), medical staff (15%) and teaching staff (14%). Colleges, planning a SP-based education program, preferred teachers (80%) and students (55%) to assume 'simulated patient' roles. In objective structured clinical education (OSCE) scenarios, co-scoring by both SPs and teachers featured more highly in the 'consultation' station and 'doctor-patient communication' station. A number of factors were identified as hindering future development and implementation of SP-based learning including budget restraints, SP selection and training. SP-based learning programs offer clear benefits for improving the clinical education of medical students and their communication skills. The main obstacles to achieving more widespread and higher quality SP-based education are insufficient funding and the lack of standardized training and performance evaluation processes for simulated patients. Medical colleges should consider reducing the proportion of students and teachers acting as SPs, and attract more citizens to participate in SP-based learning activities. Formalised training and evaluation of SPs performance are necessary to establish a 'standard simulated patient' for a particular medical discipline, thus improving SP-based activities and student learning.
It is well established that emergency department (ED) crowding leads to worse health outcomes. Although various patient surveys provide information about reasons to visit EDs, less is known in terms of beliefs about EDs among the general population. This study examines public beliefs regarding accessibility and quality of EDs and their associations with social characteristics (gender, age, education, immigration background) as well as knowledge about emergency care services and health literacy. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a random sample of 2,404 adults living in Hamburg, Germany, in winter 2021/2022. We developed eight statements regarding accessibility and quality of EDs leading to two scales (Cronbach's α accessibility = 0.76 and quality of care = 0.75). Descriptive statistics of the eight items are shown and linear regression were conducted to determine associations of the two scales with social characteristics as well as knowledge about emergency care services and health literacy (HLS-EU-Q6). Nearly 44% of the respondents agreed that "you can always go to an ED, if you do not get a short-term appointment with a general practitioner or specialist." And 38% agreed with the statement, "If you do not have the time during normal practice hours due to your work, you can always go to an ED." In terms of quality, 38% believed that doctors in EDs are more competent than doctors in general practice, and 25% believed that doctors in EDs are more competent than doctors in specialized practices. In the fully adjusted model, public beliefs about emergency care accessibility and quality of EDs were significantly associated with all social characteristics and knowledge of emergency care options with the strongest associations between knowledge and accessibility (β = -0.17; P < 0.001) and between education and quality (β = -0.23; P < 0.001). We found endorsement of public beliefs about accessibility and quality of EDs that can lead to inappropriate utilization. Our results also suggest that knowledge of different emergency services plays an important role. Therefore, after system-related reorganizations of emergency care, information campaigns about such services tailored to socially deprived populations may help alleviate the issue of crowding.
It is well known that infants born very preterm (VPT) often demonstrate deficits in mathematical abilities in early childhood which are associated with poorer academic outcomes. Mathematic skills are also critical for other areas of functioning. However, it is not known whether mathematics skills are associated with adaptive functioning in children born preterm. Infants born at ≤31 weeks gestation and full term were recruited at birth and followed over time. At the 36-month corrected age assessment, children were administered the Early Number Concepts subtest of the Differential Abilities Scale, Second Edition, and caregivers completed the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition. After controlling for age, sex, cognitive abilities, and caregiver education, performance on the mathematics measure was uniquely and positively associated with adaptive behavior for preschool children in the VPT group only. Exploratory analyses revealed this association to be specifically related to the Practical and Social composites. Knowledge of concepts of number and quantity were associated with better adaptive functioning, particularly for behaviors related to functioning at home and in the community and play/social functioning, for children born VPT. Although replication is warranted, it would appear that mathematical skills may be an important early intervention target for children born VPT.
It is well known that parents play an important role in the family, particularly the mental health literacy of parents is essential for the growth and development of children. As the parents of children with special needs, they are facing more difficulties and psychological pressure, resulted in more mental health problems. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health literacy, and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of coping styles and moderating role of social comparison. Using a cross-sectional design, 165 parents of children with special needs (22-67 years old, M=37.72, SD=8.78) participated in the study. The general information questionnaire, Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), Social Support Rating Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Social Comparison Orientation Scale were used. We found that objective support positively predicted the mental health literacy, positive coping style played a mediating role between objective support and mental health literacy. In addition, the relationship between objective support and positive coping styles was moderated by social comparisons; for lower levels of opinion social comparison, the effect of objective support on positive coping styles was significantly stronger. We revealed the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health literacy. The present study has profound implications for mental health literacy services for parents who have children with special needs.
It is well known that surface features of a task can queue multiple reasoning strategies. Interference or conflict among the strategies is signaled by increasing reaction times and error rates. To determine the neural basis of this interference, we studied 14 volunteers using event-related fMRI, as they compared the perimeters of geometrical shapes in congruent (where the shapes' perimeter changed in the same direction as its area) and incongruent (where the shapes' perimeter was conserved but its area changed) conditions. We found evidence for the engagement of bilateral parietal lobe systems during congruent trials and incorrect incongruent trials. Activation of bilateral orbital frontal cortex was evident when subjects inhibited interference associated with processing the salient feature 'area' and correctly completed the perimeters in the incongruent condition. Varying the level of interference exerted by the unattended feature 'area' (filled vs. unfilled shapes) affected the relative level of activation of right parietal regions but not orbital frontal cortex suggesting that the former is responding to the degree of facilitation while the latter is responsive to the presence of conflict (rather than the degree of conflict).