Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
To analyze the sensory profile of children with auditory sensory processing disorder according to the Child Sensory Profile 2 and to verify potential associations between central auditory processing and sensory processing. Sixty children from two public schools in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraíba, were evaluated. All children had their cognitive skills tested and their socioeconomic and demographic information collected. The children's hearing, central auditory processing, and sensory processing were evaluated. SPSS Statistics version 25.0 was used for data analysis and the significant value adopted was 0.05. Descriptive analysis was performed using the central tendency method. The similarities among the test variables were measured by Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. The effect size (ES) between the groups was measured by Cohen's d or Rosenthal's r coefficient. The average age of children with CAPD was 8.4 years, and their families had lower levels of income and education when compared to those without the disorder. Children with CAPD present more sensory differences than their peers with normative CAP. The Child Sensory Processing 2 results didn't show any statistic associations with central auditory processing, and the effect size was of moderate magnitude for the visual system. Children with CAPD have more sensory differences than their peers according to the normative results of the Child Sensory Profile 2. An association between sensory and central auditory processing was not observed, except for the visual system.
To analyze the temporal trend of completeness and consistency of data on notifications of violence against indigenous women in the health macro-region of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, between 2009 and 2020. An ecological time series study was conducted using data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System; Prais-Winsten regression was used to analyze the trend of data completeness and consistency, as well as the proportion of completed and coherent fields. A total of 2,630 cases were reported; completeness was found to be very poor in the variable "occupation" (48.9%) and poor in the variables "schooling" (68.3%) and "time of occurrence" (67.9%); in the analysis of temporal trends, only the variable "occupation" showed a decreasing trend (p = 0.045). The data analyzed demonstrated the need for improvement in the completeness of the variables "schooling", "occupation" and "time of occurrence" of the violent act. There was a progressive increase in notifications over the years. Most of the variables showed regular or excellent completeness and consistency. In the analysis of temporal trend, only the "occupation" variable showed a decreasing trend. Care for victims of violence is part of the daily routine of health services, and it is essential for health professionals to provide adequate compulsory notification for a comprehensive understanding of the victims' profile, thus assisting in addressing this issue. Further studies are needed to understand the factors associated with violence against indigenous women, which could help the development of health promotion actions and violence prevention strategies targeting these women.
To analyze the temporal trend of tuberculosis cure indicators in Brazil. An ecological time-series study using administrative data of reported cases of the disease nationwide between 2001 and 2022. We estimated cure indicators for each federative unit (FU) considering individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and those in tuberculosis retreatment. We used regression models using joinpoint regression for trend analysis, reporting the annual percentage change and the average annual percentage change. For the three groups analyzed, we observed heterogeneity in the annual percentage change in the Brazilian FUs, with a predominance of significantly decreasing trends in the cure indicator in most FUs, especially at the end of the time series. When considering national indicators, an average annual percentage change of -0.97% (95% CI: -1.23 to -0.74) was identified for the cure of people with pulmonary tuberculosis, of -1.11% (95% CI: -1.42 to -0.85) for the cure of people with tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and of -1.44% (95% CI: -1.62 to -1.31) for the cure of people in tuberculosis retreatment. The decreasing trends of cure indicators in Brazil are concerning and underscore a warning to public authorities, as it points to the possible occurrence of other treatment outcomes, such as treatment discontinuity and death. This finding contradicts current public health care policies and requires urgent strategies aiming to promote follow-up of patients during tuberculosis treatment in Brazil.
To analyze the types and causes of complications following orbital fracture reconstruction and enhance clinicians' capacity to manage or prevent such complications. We conducted a retrospective case series analysis, retrospectively collecting and analyzing clinical data of patients with orbital fractures who received surgical treatment at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from May 2012 to May 2022. Descriptive statistics were employed to document common postoperative complications, and we recorded complications persisting after a minimum 6-month follow-up period. Among the 227 patients who underwent orbital fracture surgery, they were followed up for 6 to 36 months, and complications occurred in 15 cases, resulting in an incidence rate of 6.61%. These complications included implant material infections and rejections (4 cases), persistent diplopia (3 cases), intraorbital hematomas (2 cases), epiphora (2 cases), lower eyelid eversion or retraction (2 cases), and skin scars (2 cases). The primary cause of postoperative infection was chronic inflammation in the paranasal sinuses or closed cavities within the fracture area. Postoperative complications in orbital fractures were associated with various factors, including the timing of surgery, surgical approach, repair materials, surgical skills, and auxiliary techniques. Standardizing surgical techniques and implementing precise auxiliary technologies may reduce the incidence of complications and enhance the operation's success rate.
To analyze the use status and satisfaction of the follow-up patients, and explore the construction of internet medical service model and platform in stomatology. Patients who visited the internet clinic of stomatology from January to June, 2021 were selected. After diagnosis and treatment, they were followed up by AI intelligent voice with self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 372 valid questionnaires were collected. The male-to-female ratio of oral patients was 1.25:1, with an average age of 35.96 years. Most of them had a bachelor's degree or above, and the patients were mainly from the Yangtze River Delta. 53.76% of patients needed doctors to prescribe drugs. 81.72% of the dental patients believed that the consultation process of internet clinic was convenient, and 79.83% of patients perceived that the system operation of internet clinic was convenient. Binary logistic regression showed that digital literacy, convenience of medical treatment process were significantly related to the satisfaction of internet outpatient service, while gender, education level, online medical treatment duration and convenience of system operation were not related. Internet medical treatment in stomatology is feasible, but it is still necessary to break through limitations and further innovate service function. Internet outpatients are mainly young and middle-aged, but it is still necessary to care for the special group of the elderly. It is necessary to further optimize the process, upgrade the system and innovate management, strengthen policy support and incentive mechanism, and promote the transformation of medical service mode in stomatology.
to analyze the vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 (SARS/COVID-19) in adults and the elderly, in Blumenau, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2021. this was a population-based study conducted among individuals aged 20 years and older hospitalized with SARS/COVID-19; each death due to SARS/COVID-19 was considered a "case", and every survivor was considered a "control"; the association between vaccination status and the outcome of "death" was estimated using logistic regression, and vaccine effectiveness was estimated as (1-OR)*100. The study included 1,756 cases of SARS/COVID-19 (59.2% male, mean age of 56 years, 50.4% with elementary education, 68.4% with comorbidities and 39.1% in intensive care), of whom 398 died (cases) and 1,358 survived (controls); vaccine effectiveness was 74% and 85% (20-59 years old) and 72% and 75% (≥ 60 years old), respectively, for those who were partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated. vaccines proved to be effective in reducing case fatality ratio due to SARS/COVID-19 in individuals ≥ 20 years old.
To analyze tweets associated with Ménière's disease (MD), including type of users who engage, change in usage patterns, and temporal associations, and to compare the perceptions of the general public with healthcare providers. An R-program code, academictwitterR API, was used to query Twitter. All tweets mentioning MD from 2007 to 2021 were retrieved and analyzed. Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoning was used as a model to assess sentiment of tweets. Two reviewers assessed 1,007 tweets for qualitative analysis, identifying the source and the topic of the tweet. A total of 37,402 tweets were analyzed. The number of tweets per user ranged from 1 to 563 (M = 33.7, SD = 91.1). Quantitative analysis showed no temporal or seasonal association; however, tweeting increased when celebrities were diagnosed with MD. Of the 1007 representative tweets analyzed, 60.6% of tweets came from the general public and were largely of negative sentiment focusing on quality of life and support, whereas healthcare providers accounted for 23% of all tweets and focused on treatment/prevention. Tweets by news sources accounted for the remaining 13% of all tweets and were primarily positive in sentiment and focused on awareness. MD is commonly tweeted about by the general public, with limited input regarding the disease from healthcare providers. Healthcare providers must provide accurate information and awareness regarding MD, especially when awareness is highest, such as when celebrities are diagnosed. Level IV.Indicate IRB or IACUCNot applicable.
To ascertain patient and caregiver satisfaction with an individualized case management intervention to improve transition from inpatient rehabilitation care to the community after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants from 6 National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research-funded TBI Model Systems sites in the United States. Adult, English-speaking patients with TBI who had moderate-to-severe TBI and were discharged from a TBI Model Systems site and who were in the intervention arm of the Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Improving the Transition Experience pragmatic clinical trial, as well as their caregivers. A survey of participants in the intervention arm, which included an individualized case management program administered by a TBI Care Manager (TCM) who facilitated resource connection, education, and support. Satisfaction with intervention was measured through Likert-scaled and open-ended questions. The survey was administered verbally through telephone, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Descriptive statistics were calculated for categorical variables, and content analysis was conducted for open-ended responses. Patient and caregiver participants were satisfied with the intervention and highlighted the benefits of the interpersonal and practical support provided by the TCM. Participants identified the need for a more intensive intervention and clear expectations of the TCM role, as well as gaps in available medical and rehabilitation services in the community, as areas for improvement. Patients with TBI and their caregivers reported satisfaction with the individualized case management program in supporting their transition from inpatient rehabilitation to the community. Further research is needed to understand the impact on outcomes.
To assess baseline UTI knowledge, interest in health resources, and platform preferences for information acquisition and dissemination. Adult women who had a UTI in the past 12 months were recruited from Researchmatch.org to participate in a web-based quantitative study. Women with recurrent UTI (rUTI) were compared to women with a history of UTI (without rUTI). 687 women were included in the study of which 27.4% (N=188) had rUTI. Regarding knowledge, significantly more women without rUTI believe UTIs are caused by lack of cleanliness and that most women suffer from UTIs. Significantly more women with rUTI believe that UTIs are inherited and that getting older is associated with getting more UTIs. Regarding barriers to health information, significantly more women without rUTI feel that information is too complex and language barriers exist. More than 90% of subjects utilize their health-care provider (HCP) for health information and most prefer office-based HCPs for health information. More than 50% of women with rUTI would like to receive UTI health updates. Misinformation exists regarding causes, management, and prevention of UTIs. This study identified perceived barriers as well as preferred educational platforms with the hope that this will drive improvements in UTI related health education.
To assess ChatGPT 4.0 (ChatGPT) and Gemini Ultra 1.0 (Gemini) large language models on NONMEM coding tasks relevant to pharmacometrics and clinical pharmacology. ChatGPT and Gemini were assessed on tasks mimicking real-world applications of NONMEM. The tasks ranged from providing a curriculum for learning NONMEM, an overview of NONMEM code structure to generating code. Prompts in lay language to elicit NONMEM code for a linear pharmacokinetic (PK) model with oral administration and a more complex model with two parallel first-order absorption mechanisms were investigated. Reproducibility and the impact of "temperature" hyperparameter settings were assessed. The code was reviewed by two NONMEM experts. ChatGPT and Gemini provided NONMEM curriculum structures combining foundational knowledge with advanced concepts (e.g., covariate modeling and Bayesian approaches) and practical skills including NONMEM code structure and syntax. ChatGPT provided an informative summary of the NONMEM control stream structure and outlined the key NONMEM Translator (NM-TRAN) records needed. ChatGPT and Gemini were able to generate code blocks for the NONMEM control stream from the lay language prompts for the two coding tasks. The control streams contained focal structural and syntax errors that required revision before they could be executed without errors and warnings. The code output from ChatGPT and Gemini was not reproducible, and varying the temperature hyperparameter did not reduce the errors and omissions substantively. Large language models may be useful in pharmacometrics for efficiently generating an initial coding template for modeling projects. However, the output can contain errors and omissions that require correction.
To assess emergency physicians' diagnostic approach to the patient with dizziness, using a multicenter quantitative survey. We anonymously surveyed attending and resident emergency physicians at 17 academic-affiliated emergency departments with an Internet-based survey (September 1, 2006, to November 3, 2006). The survey respondents ranked the relative importance of symptom quality, timing, triggers, and associated symptoms and indicated their agreement with 20 statements about diagnostic assessment of dizziness (Likert scale). We used logistic regression to assess the impact of "symptom quality ranked first" on odds of agreement with diagnostic statements; we then stratified responses by academic rank. Of the 505 individuals surveyed, 415 responded for an overall response rate of 82%. A total of 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90%-95%) agreed that determining type of dizziness is very important, and 64% (95% CI, 60%-69%) ranked symptom quality as the most important diagnostic feature. In a multivariate model, those ranking quality first (particularly resident physicians) more often reported high-risk reasoning that might predispose patients to misdiagnosis (eg, in a patient with persistent, continuous dizziness, who could have a cerebellar stroke, resident physicians reported feeling reassured that a normal head computed tomogram indicates that the patient can safely go home) (odds ratio, 6.74; 95% CI, 2.05-22.19). Physicians report taking a quality-of-symptoms approach to the diagnosis of dizziness in patients in the emergency department. Those relying heavily on this approach may be predisposed to high-risk downstream diagnostic reasoning. Other clinical features (eg, timing, triggers, associated symptoms) appear relatively undervalued. Educational initiatives merit consideration.
To assess factors associated with the habit of drinking and driving and estimating the variations in the prevalence of this behavior in 2013 and 2019, considering information from the two editions of the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS - National Survey of Health). PNS is a nationwide cross-sectional home-based study. In 2013 and 2019, 60,202 and 85,854 individuals were interviewed, respectively. To assess the association between the indicator "drinking and driving" and the study variables, crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. To compare the prevalence between the studied years, a Pearson's chi-squared test adjusted by the Rao-Scott correction (which considers the effect of the sampling plan) and converted into an F statistic, tested at a 5% significance level, was used. The prevalence of drinking and driving was higher among men in 2013 (27.4%; 95%CI 25.6-29.3%) and 2019 (20.5%; 95%CI 19.4-21.7%) than among women (11.9%; 95%CI 9.9-14.2% and 7.2%; 95%CI 6.7-9.0%, respectively). Inidviduals aged 30 to 39, who lived without a partner, in rural areas, and were motorcycle drivers had significantly higher estimates. Men with higher income had higher prevalence of drinking and driving. From 2013 to 2019, the act of drinking and driving significantly decreased. Regarding traffic accidents, ORs were significant (p < 0.01) in the studied years for both men and women. Results show the need to continue policies to monitor blood alcohol level and traffic education, with specific actions directed to rural areas and motorcycle drivers.
To assess individual students' abilities and misconceptions in mathematics, teachers need diagnostic competencies. Although research has addressed the quality of teachers' diagnostic competencies in recent years, it is not very clear how to foster these competencies effectively in the course of prospective teachers' university education. Research suggests that simulations with instructional support are promising tools for fostering complex competencies. We have developed a simulation that aims at measuring and fostering prospective primary school teachers' competencies to assess students' mathematical abilities and misconceptions based on their written task solutions. In this study, we analysed data from prospective primary school mathematics teachers who used one of three different versions of the simulation. Two versions contained a specific type of scaffolding, while the third version did not contain scaffolding. Specifically, the two scaffolding types were content-related scaffolding that emphasized the use of specific pedagogical content knowledge, and strategic scaffolding that emphasized diagnostic activities. The results suggest that integrating scaffolding into the simulation did not substantially influence participants' overall perception of the simulation regarding presence, authenticity, or perceived cognitive load. Compared to participants in a control group without intervention, participants who used the simulation with scaffolding had higher diagnostic accuracy regarding overall assessment of students' competence level. However, only content-related scaffolding but not strategic scaffolding or no scaffolding tended to improve participants' competence in identifying students' specific misconceptions. The results provide a first empirical basis for further development of the simulation.
To assess minimal medical statistical literacy in medical students and senior educators using the 10-item Quick Risk Test; to assess whether deficits in statistical literacy are stable or can be reduced by training. Prospective observational study on the students, observational study on the university lecturers. Charité University Medicine medical curriculum for students and a continuing medical education (CME) course at a German University for senior educators. 169 students taking part in compulsory final-year curricular training in medical statistical literacy (63% female, median age 25 years). Sixteen professors of medicine and other senior educators attending a CME course on medical statistical literacy (44% female, age range=30-65 years). Students completed a 90 min training session in medical statistical literacy. No intervention for the senior educators. Primary outcome measure was the number of correct answers out of four multiple-choice alternatives per item on the Quick Risk Test. Final-year students answered on average half (median=50%) of the questions correctly while senior educators answered three-quarters correctly (median=75%). For comparison, chance performance is 25%. A 90 min training session for students increased the median percentage correct from 50% to 90%. 82% of participants improved their performance. Medical students and educators do not master all basic concepts in medical statistics. This can be quickly assessed with the Quick Risk Test. The fact that a 90 min training session on medical statistical literacy improves students' understanding from 50% to 90% indicates that the problem is not a hard-wired inability to understand statistical concepts. This gap in physicians' education has long-lasting effects; even senior medical educators could answer only 75% of the questions correctly on average. Hence, medical students and professionals should receive enhanced training in how to interpret risk-related medical statistics.
to assess nursing students' and nurses' knowledge, satisfaction and self-confidence after a theoretical workshop on emergency care for traumatized children and clinical simulation. a quasi-experimental study, carried out with nursing students and nurses residing at a public university in southern Brazil. A workshop on pediatric trauma care was created and a mannequin was created for simulations. A knowledge pre-test and post-test and the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning instrument were applied to measure satisfaction and self-confidence in learning. For analysis, descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used to compare means before and after intervention. the difference between misses and hits was statistically significant (p<0.005), demonstrating an increase in participants' knowledge after the workshop. Satisfaction and self-confidence were demonstrated in the instrument's high scores. the effectiveness of the workshop in teaching-learning emergency care for pediatric trauma was demonstrated.