Yoxas/statistical_literacy huggingface dataset:
The Anatomage table is a virtual dissection technology increasingly used to supplement anatomy education while its efficacy and integration is still being evaluated. To address the gap in student curricular leadership in such technological integration, previous master's and current medical students led a curricular development effort to design, create, and incorporate hands-on Anatomage learning activities into a master's level anatomy course during the 2021-2022 academic year. To assess changing perspectives regarding the table's role in curriculum integration and content retention, surveys were conducted before and after voluntary participants completed the learning activities. Overall, participants had a more positive perspective on the integration of the Anatomage table into the curriculum and its use to retain material compared to non-participants. Participants were significantly more likely to feel motivated to learn anatomy while interacting with the table. Compared to peers who only experienced the table in didactic lecture, activity participants were significantly more likely to perceive that the table helped them learn the skeletal system, a perception supported by significantly higher scores on skeletal anatomy exam questions. Less positive perspectives were observed overall for the muscular system, demonstrating the efficacy of the table varied with content. This research contributes to our understanding of virtual technology in anatomy education, and, although the integration of student-developed activities was complex, various educational features and pedagogical approaches were successfully utilized to establish a novel supplemental resource that contributes to multimodal learning and an academic foundation that prepares learners for their future careers in biomedical sciences and medicine.
The annual incidence of lower limb amputations (LLA) at Groote Schuur Hospital is rising gradually. However, little is known about the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of people undergoing these limb amputations. To collect and analyse data to describe the sociodemographic, health and amputation profiles of people who have undergone LLA at Groote Schuur Hospital. A descriptive retrospective chart review was conducted using a sample of 107 participants who had undergone LLA at Groote Schuur Hospital between January 2019 and July 2020. A customised assessment tool was used to extract data on the sociodemographic, health and amputation profiles of patients who had LLA. Data were analysed descriptively. Sixty per cent of the patients who had undergone LLA at Groote Schuur Hospital were women. Most of the patients were over the age of 60 years and had not completed school and were pensioners or unemployed, with very low income and multiple co-morbidities including poorly controlled diabetes. Complications because of uncontrolled diabetes were the primary indication for LLAs at Groote Schuur Hospital. Therefore, health literacy projects are indicated to address chronic diseases of lifestyle, which, in turn, may reduce the overall burden of LLA, particularly on the South African under-resourced healthcare system. The results of this study may help us identify key factors that predispose patients to LLAs. Consequently, this may help us identify key areas for prevention and better management of diseases that can result in complications that indicate the need for amputation.
The annual international Bridges Conference is the preeminent meeting on the connections between mathematics and art, music, architecture, education and culture. Bridges 2022 was held at Aalto University and Helsinki University in Espoo and Helsinki, Finland. This five-day conference included invited and contributed talks, workshops, a juried art exhibition, musical performances, a short film festival, a poetry reading and family day.
The application of biotransformation dictionaries derived by expert evaluation of known metabolic pathways represents one approach to the prediction of both phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolites. The ranking of metabolites generated by such dictionaries has previously been achieved through the use of qualitative reasoning rules and quantitative probability values. Using the biotransformation dictionary available in the Meteor expert system, we show that metabolite over-prediction by both of these methods can be reduced by the adoption of a k-nearest neighbours methodology in which the likelihood of a predicted biotransformation is determined based on comparison of a query chemical with structurally-similar substrates with known experimental metabolic data which activate the same biotransformation. Optimal performance was achieved when similarity was defined in terms of a combination of two fingerprints, one describing the overall profile of biotransformations a structure can potentially undergo and the other describing the local environment around the predicted site of metabolism for the particular biotransformation under consideration.
The application of visual art and other extracurricular activities to children's sustainable development is predominantly discussed in Western countries. Consequently, non-Western society could not cherish the benefit of visual art on their children's cognitive and non-cognitive skill development due to a lack of evidence that would revive the community, educators, and policy-makers' impressions about visual art activities, in addition to its amusement use. Thus, the present study adopted a cross-sectional study comprised of a large-scale survey (N = 1624) taken from the southwest part of China to assess the impact of out-of-school visual art activities on children's academic attainment across economically advantaged and disadvantaged children. Astonishingly, the study's findings shed light on current Chinese parents' dedication to purchasing out-of-school activities regardless of their social class difference; notwithstanding, lower-class parents ought to learn that spending time with their children during their activities is more beneficial. The study's implication calls for curriculum policy reform involving aesthetic education and expanding community youth centers for different extracurricular activities.
The appropriate implementation of telemedicine in the healthcare system has the potential to overcome global problems such as accessibility and quality healthcare services. Thus assessing the knowledge of health professionals before the actual adoption of telemedicine is considered a prominent solution to the problems. This study aimed to assess healthcare professionals' knowledge of telemedicine and its associated factors at private hospitals in low-resource settings. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 health professionals at private hospitals in low-income settings in Ethiopia, from March to April 2021. Data collection was performed by pretested and self-administered questionnaires. This study employed statistical packages for social sciences software. This study employed multivariable logistic regression to determine dependent and independent variables associated with adjusted odd ratio and 95% CI. in this study about 65.8% of health professionals have good knowledge on Telemedicine .Computer literacy (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.8, 4.6), computer training (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3), Internet availability at workplace (AOR = 2.1; 95%CI: 1.3, 3.4), had private laptop (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.9) were significantly associated with knowledge. In general health professionals had good knowledge of Telemedicine. Inclusive packages of capacity by training among health providers are fundamental for the successful implementation of telemedicine.
The appropriateness for determining Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of special children by their caregivers must be thoroughly assessed. The present study was conducted to assess the Oral health related quality of life of children with disability and the stress levels of their parents. Moreover, the study also evaluated the plaque, DMFT (Decayed, missing, filled teeth) and BMI (Body Mass Index) of disabled children (cases) and healthy children (controls). The present case-control study was carried out on 150 parents of disabled children and 30 parents of healthy children (control group) at King Khalid University, Abha, KSA. The Arabic version of the 36-item parenting stress index-short format (PSI-SF) instrument was used for the assessment of parental stress, and the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version) Arabic version questionnaire was used for the assessment of quality of life of children. The parents or the caregivers who would be mainly occupied in assisting and rendering care to their children with different disabilities (certified by a pediatrician, aged between 4-14 years), were included in the study. Data were analyzed using statistical software. The total mean value score of the PSI scale of parents of cases was statistically found to be significantly higher compared to the mean scores among parents of controls (p = 0.004). The correlation between BMI and plaque & BMI and DMFT+df of cases indicated no statistically significant correlation while a statistically significant correlation between plaque and DMFT+df values in cases was observed. The mean score of the social relationship domain was statistically significantly different across the four levels of parents' educational status. The severity of dental caries, plaque accumulation and education-level of caregivers had a significant impact on the OHRQoL, however, BMI did not show a significant relation with DMFT and plaque scores. The parenting stress was found to be statistically higher among the parents of cases compared to the parents of controls.
The approval of long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis PrEP (LA-PrEP) in the United States brings opportunities to overcome barriers of oral PrEP, particularly among sexual and gender minority communities who bear a higher HIV burden. Little is known about real-time decision-making among potential PrEP users of LA-PrEP post-licensure. We held focus group discussions with people assigned male at birth who have sex with men in Baltimore, Maryland to explore decision-making, values, and priorities surrounding PrEP usage. A sexual and gender minority-affirming health center that provides PrEP services supported recruitment. Discussions included a pile-sorting activity and were audio-recorded. Recordings were transcribed and analyzed iteratively, combining an inductive and deductive approach. We held five focus groups from Jan-June 2023 with 23 participants (21 cisgender men who have sex with men, two transgender women who have sex with men; mean age 37). Among participants, 21 were on oral PrEP, one was on injectable PrEP, and one had never taken PrEP. Most had never heard about LA-PrEP. When making decisions about PrEP, participants particularly valued efficacy in preventing HIV, side effects, feeling a sense of security, and ease of use. Perceptions varied between whether oral or injectable PrEP was more convenient, but participants valued the new opportunity for a choice in modality. Factors influencing PrEP access included cost, individual awareness, provider awareness, and level of comfort in a healthcare environment. Participants emphasized how few providers are informed about PrEP, placing the burden of being informed about PrEP on them. Comfort and trust in a provider superseded proximity as considerations for if and where to access PrEP. There is still low awareness about LA-PrEP among sexual and gender minority communities; thus, healthcare providers have a critical role in influencing access to LA-PrEP. Despite this, providers are still vastly underinformed about PrEP and underprepared to support clients in contextualized ways. Clients are more likely to engage in care with affirming providers who offer non-judgmental conversations about sex and life experiences. Provider education in the United States is urgently needed to better support clients in choosing a PrEP modality that is right for them and supporting adherence for effective HIV prevention.
The aquila optimization algorithm (AO) is an efficient swarm intelligence algorithm proposed recently. However, considering that AO has better performance and slower late convergence speed in the optimization process. For solving this effect of AO and improving its performance, this paper proposes an enhanced aquila optimization algorithm with a velocity-aided global search mechanism and adaptive opposition-based learning (VAIAO) which is based on AO and simplified Aquila optimization algorithm (IAO). In VAIAO, the velocity and acceleration terms are set and included in the update formula. Furthermore, an adaptive opposition-based learning strategy is introduced to improve local optima. To verify the performance of the proposed VAIAO, 27 classical benchmark functions, the Wilcoxon statistical sign-rank experiment, the Friedman test and five engineering optimization problems are tested. The results of the experiment show that the proposed VAIAO has better performance than AO, IAO and other comparison algorithms. This also means the introduction of these two strategies enhances the global exploration ability and convergence speed of the algorithm.
The Arabic version of the short form of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD) had not yet been developed in previously published studies. This study aims to test the reliability and validity of an Arabic version of the short form of the HeLD questionnaire. The short version of HeLD was translated into Arabic and the psychometric properties were evaluated in a sample of 1,889 female students in their first year of secondary school. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Content validity was investigated by creating a correlation matrix between the individual items of the HeLD-14, and criterion validity was determined using Pearson's correlation between the HeLD-14 score and an overall oral health rating. Sensitivity analysis was assessed by testing the associations of the HeLD-14 score with oral health-related behaviours and residential area. The Arabic version of HeLD-14 (A-HeLD-14) had acceptable ICC (0.54) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.92). The correlations between the items of the A-HeLD-14 varied from 0.3 to 0.9. The A-HeLD-14 showed a statistically significant correlation with the overall oral health rating (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). The median A-HeLD-14 score was significantly higher in participants who brushed their teeth frequently (51.31), visited the dentist regularly (52.00), consumed fresh fruit frequently (51) and consumed soda or energy drinks infrequently (51.00) than participants who brushed their teeth infrequently (41.50), visited the dentist irregularly (49.00), consumed fresh fruit infrequently (47) and consumed soda or energy drinks frequently (48.00). The A-HeLD-14 instrument demonstrates sufficient validity, reliability, and sensitivity for measuring oral health literacy among the Arabic-speaking population.
The area of implicit bias and health equity training is a renewed focus for health care settings. This article outlines a strategic journey to evaluate the current status and develop a sustainable program that integrates content on implicit bias and health equity into all training and education programs. Partnership with the health system's diversity department, professional development, and the use of innovative technology brought 100% compliance for the 12-month project. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2023;54(12):551-553. ].
The art of teaching in undergraduate and post graduate medical curriculum was revised in last century with targeted programs to equip the medical faculty with advanced teaching technologies. Medical education units (MEUs) were established by the medical council to train the existing medical faculty of the country in teaching methodologies. This study aimed to evaluate the MEU's impact on teachers' training and compare the status of trained teachers before and after the MEU era. Published literature and statistics on the MCI website were compiled to compare teachers' training status over time empirically. MEU, R.C., and N.C. have been highly efficient in improving the proportion of teachers trained from 5.38 to 50.32% across the country, especially after the upgradation of MEU in 2009. Proportion of the teachers trained increased from 5.38% to 50.32% due to the programs organized by various MEU, regional and nodal centres, especially after the upgradation of MEU in 2009. Lack of trained resource persons and administrative support were the common challenges faced. Properly organized MEU and planned activities should be emphasized in every institute. for effective development of the faculties.
The article discusses the evolution of the Brazilian College of Surgeons (CBC) specialist title exam, highlighting the importance of evaluating not only theoretical knowledge, but also the practical skills and ethical behavior of candidates. The test was instituted in 1971, initially with only the written phase, and later included the oral practical test, starting with the 13th edition in 1988. In 2022, the assessment process was improved by including the use of simulated stations in the practical test, with the aim of assessing practical and communication skills, as well as clinical reasoning, in order to guarantee excellence in the assessment of surgeons training. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the performance of candidates in the last five years of the Specialist Title Test and to compare the performance results between the different surgical training groups of the candidates. The results obtained by candidates from the various categories enrolled in the test in the 2018 to 2022 editions were analyzed. There was a clear and statistically significant difference between doctors who had completed three years of residency recognized by the Ministry of Education in relation to the other categories of candidates for the Specialist Title..
The article presents comparative analysis of demographic, social and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district therapists in state and private medical organizations. Sociological, statistical and analytical research methods were applied. The study was carried out on the basis of polyclinics of both Moscow Health Department and Moscow private health care sector. The sampling consisted of 399 questionnaires subjected to statistical processing. It is established that in state and private medical organizations, in this group of physicians prevail women 36-55 years old, born in the Russian Federation, in Moscow, married, having children and assessing one's income level as average. Most of them received their higher education in Moscow, graduated residency in therapy and have no medical category or academic degree. The professional experience consists 10 years or more. All physicians in state polyclinics hold more than one position and in private polyclinics 8.6% of physicians are underemployment. In the state sector, paternalistic model of communication with patient is preferable, in the private sector - a collegiate one. In the state sector, the collegiate management style of CEO is convenient and in the private sector - collegiate or dynamic one. In both sectors, adhocratic organizational culture is comfortable. Against the background of readiness to proceed working in current conditions, work in another sector is not excluded. The material factor is considered as main driver of professional motivation. The social, demographic and professional characteristics of general practitioners and district physicians in both sectors of health care in the main are similar, but have their own characteristics.
The article presents current trends in reproductive demographic process economically developed countries. Today, the total fertility rate in all European countries is below the minimum required to ensure population reproduction in long term - 2.1 children per woman during her life. According statistic data, 4.167 million children were born in the EU in 2019 that corresponds to 9.3 births per 1000 of population. In the EU, 1.53 children went to one woman in 2019 (in 2018 - 1.54). The lowest total fertility rates in 2019 were registered in Malta (1.14), Spain (1.23) and Italy (1.27). In the United States, fall of rate of childless women with higher education disputes well-established observation of positive relationship between education and childlessness. The infertility affects approximately 8-12% of couples worldwide, at that in developed countries, up to 15% of all couples are infertile. In connection with the problem of birth rate reduction in developed countries, researchers highlight such problems as increasing of average age of mothers at delivery (30-35 years and older) and intervals between labors, development of subsidiary reproductive technologies, pregnancy outcomes, newborns health in short and long perspective. The global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in resources deficiency, complexities with medical services support related to reproductive health, risks for maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19. However, actually still there is no complete picture of pandemic impact on global indices of reproductive demographic process.
The article uses the literature material law, expert interview method, mathematical statistics, the author of Suzhou University, Chengdu research, education of Guangdong Institute of Education, Guangdong teachers college education schools such as the current sports education professional study, and the similarities and differences in teaching outline of education of Guangdong province basketball specialty to conduct a comprehensive study and analysis and comparison on the current situation of education of Guangdong teachers college basketball in the system. This paper expounds the Guangdong education normal study and the Guangdong education status of school physical education professional basketball specialty courses, for Guangdong teachers college education reform of physical education professional basketball specializing in research, and the Guangdong education for theory reference.
The article uses three case studies from the 1920s to explore how psychologists and elementary school teachers employed psychological techniques to gain knowledge about elementary school children and their milieu. It begins by describing the role of the elementary school and the elementary school teacher in the Weimar Republic. It then discusses the so-called "observation sheets" that were used in elementary schools in the 1920s to gain insights into the mental and moral characteristics of pupils. Third, it examines psychological experiments undertaken in elementary school classrooms based on the exemplar case of a single teacher/experimenter, before concluding with a comparison of the two practices. I argue that psychology gained in standing through this history, becoming recognized as a foundational science in the context of education. Teachers used the professionalization of observation techniques in school to enhance their socio-epistemic status.