existing short-term and long-term commitments and plans, and also to provide adequate financial flexibility to take advantage of potential strategic business opportunities should they arise within the next year.
However, there can be no assurance of the cost or availability of future borrowings, if any, under our commercial paper program, in the debt markets or our credit facilities.
At December 31, 2016 and 2015, our pension plans were $20.1 billion and $17.9 billion underfunded as measured under GAAP.
On an Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) basis our plans are more than 100% funded at December 31, 2016 with minimal required contributions in 2017.
We expect to make contributions to our plans of approximately $0.5 billion in 2017.
We may be required to make higher contributions to our pension plans in future years.
At December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the covenants for our debt and credit facilities.
The most restrictive covenants include a limitation on mortgage debt and sale and leaseback transactions as a percentage of consolidated net tangible assets (as defined in the credit agreements), and a limitation on consolidated debt as a percentage of total capital (as defined).
When considering debt covenants, we continue to have substantial borrowing capacity.
Contractual Obligations The following table summarizes our known obligations to make future payments pursuant to certain contracts as of December 31, 2016, and the estimated timing thereof.
## Table 0 ##
(1) Includes interest on variable rate debt calculated based on interest rates at December 31, 2016.
Variable rate debt was 3% of our total debt at December 31, 2016.
(2) Excludes income tax matters.
As of December 31, 2016, our net liability for income taxes payable, including uncertain tax positions of $1,557 million, was $1,169 million.
For further discussion of income taxes, see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
We are not able to reasonably estimate the timing of future cash flows related to uncertain tax positions.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Pension cash requirements are based on an estimate of our minimum funding requirements, pursuant to ERISA regulations, although we may make additional discretionary contributions.
Estimates of other postretirement benefits are based on both our estimated future benefit payments and the estimated contributions to plans that are funded through trusts.
Purchase Obligations Purchase obligations represent contractual agreements to purchase goods or services that are legally binding; specify a fixed, minimum or range of quantities; specify a fixed, minimum, variable, or indexed price provision; and specify approximate timing of the transaction.
Purchase obligations include amounts recorded as well as amounts that are not recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
2007: The gain from asset sales relates to the sale of the Corporation’s interests in the Scott and Telford fields in the United Kingdom North Sea.
The charge for asset impairments relates to two mature fields also in the United Kingdom North Sea.
The estimated production imbalance settlements represent a charge for adjustments to prior meter readings at two offshore fields, which are recorded as a reduction of sales and other operating revenues.2006: The gains from asset sales relate to the sale of certain United States oil and gas producing properties located in the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico and onshore Gulf Coast.
The accrued office closing cost relates to vacated leased office space in the United Kingdom.
The related expenses are reflected principally in general and administrative expenses.
The income tax adjustment represents a one-time adjustment to the Corporation’s deferred tax liability resulting from an increase in the supplementary tax on petroleum operations in the United Kingdom from 10% to 20%.
The Corporation’s future Exploration and Production earnings may be impacted by external factors, such as political risk, volatility in the selling prices of crude oil and natural gas, reserve and production changes, industry cost inflation, exploration expenses, the effects of weather and changes in foreign exchange and income tax rates.
Marketing and Refining Earnings from Marketing and Refining activities amounted to $277 million in 2008, $300 million in 2007 and $394 million in 2006.
After considering the liquidation of LIFO inventories reflected in the table on page 21 and discussed below, the earnings were $277 million, $276 million and $394 million, respectively.
Refining: Refining earnings, which consist of the Corporation’s share of HOVENSA’s results, Port Reading earnings, interest income on a note receivable from PDVSA and results of other miscellaneous operating activities, were $73 million in 2008, $193 million in 2007, and $240 million in 2006.
The Corporation’s share of HOVENSA’s net income was $27 million ($44 million before income taxes) in 2008, $108 million ($176 million before income taxes) in 2007 and $124 million ($201 million before income taxes) in 2006.
The lower earnings in 2008 and 2007, compared with the respective prior years, were principally due to lower refining margins.
The 2008 utilization rate for the fluid catalytic cracking unit at HOVENSA reflects lower utilization due to weak refining margins, planned and unplanned maintenance of certain units, and a refinery wide shut down for Hurricane Omar.
In 2007, the coker unit at HOVENSAwas shutdown for approximately 30 days for a scheduled turnaround.
Certain related processing units were also included in this turnaround.
In 2006, the fluid catalytic cracking unit at HOVENSA was shutdown for approximately 22 days of unscheduled maintenance.
Cash distributions received by the Corporation from HOVENSA were $50 million in 2008, $300 million in 2007 and $400 million in 2006.
Pre-tax interest income on the PDVSA note was $4 million, $9 million and $15 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Interest income is reflected in other income in the income statement.
At December 31, 2008, the remaining balance of the PDVSA note was $15 million, which was fully repaid in February 2009.
Port Reading and other after-tax refining earnings were $43 million in 2008, $79 million in 2007 and $107 million in 2006, also reflecting lower refining margins.
The following table summarizes refinery utilization rates:
## Table 1 ##
* Refinery utilization in 2007 and 2006 is based on capacity of 65 thousand barrels per day
Lending Activities People’s United Financial conducts its lending activities principally through its Commercial Banking and Retail and Business Banking operating segments.
People’s United Financial’s lending activities consist of originating loans secured by commercial and residential properties, and extending secured and unsecured loans to commercial and consumer customers.
Total loans increased $2.65 billion in 2013 compared to 2012 and increased $1.35 billion in 2012 compared to 2011.
People’s United Financial acquired loans with fair values of $1.87 billion in 2011 and $3.49 billion in 2010.
Loans acquired in connection with business combinations beginning in 2010 are referred to as ‘acquired’ loans as a result of the manner in which they are accounted for (see further discussion under ‘Acquired Loans’ in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
All other loans are referred to as ‘originated’ loans.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the carrying amount of the acquired loan portfolio totaled $1.53 billion and $2.24 billion, respectively.
The following table summarizes the loan portfolio before deducting the allowance for loan losses:
## Table 2 ##
(1) Following the Company’s 2010 acquisitions and core system conversion, the Company undertook a portfolio review to ensure consistent classification of commercial loans in an effort to align policy across the Company’s expanded franchise and better conform to industry practice for such loans.
As a result, approximately $875 million of loans secured, in part, by owner-occupied commercial properties were reclassified from commercial real estate loans to commercial and industrial loans as of March 31, 2011.
The primary collateral for these loans generally consists of the borrower’s general business assets (i. e.  non-real estate collateral) and the loans were underwritten principally on the basis of the adequacy of business cash flows.
This reclassification is being applied prospectively as it was deemed impracticable to do so for prior periods due to the fact that the underlying loan information is no longer available as it previously resided on legacy loan systems that are no longer utilized or supported following the Company’s core system conversion.
shipment volumes.
Plywood prices increased from 2006, providing a partial offset to the lower prices realized for OSB.
– The contribution from engineered I-joists and engineered solid section declined $180 million – about 50 percent from lower price realizations and 50 percent from reduced shipment volumes.
– The contribution from sales of other building products declined approximately $40 million primarily as a result of reduced shipment volumes due to the decline in demand.
?The net effect of legal settlements adversely affected the segment by $483 million.2007 included $21 million of charges for legal settlements.2006 included income of $462 million, including: – $344 million of income from refunds of countervailing and anti-dumping deposits relating to the softwood lumber dispute between the U. S.  and Canada, – $95 million of income from a reversal of the reserve for alder antitrust litigation and – $23 million of income from a reduction in the reserve for hardboard siding claims.
?Charges resulting from the closure or sale of various manufacturing facilities and distribution locations.
?Gains on the sale of operations declined by $51 million as 2006 included the sale of the North American composite panel operations and 2007 had no comparable activity.
These decreases were partially offset by lower raw material, manufacturing, and selling and general administrative costs, which increased the contribution to earnings by approximately $290 million.
OUR OUTLOOK The segment recognized a fourth-quarter loss of $960 million, which included $761 million of charges for asset impairments, closures and restructuring activities.
The operating results reflected significantly lower prices for lumber and oriented strand board and reduced sales volumes as a result of the continued decline in the housing market.
We expect challenging housing market conditions to continue into the first quarter 2009 and expect first-quarter results for the segment to be comparable to the fourth quarter of 2008, excluding asset impairment, closure and restructuring charges.
CELLULOSE FIBERS HOW WE DID IN 2008 We report sales volume and annual production data for our Cellulose Fibers business segment in Our Business/What We Do/Cellulose Fibers.
Here is a comparison of net sales and revenues and contribution to earnings for the last three years: Net Sales and Revenues and Contribution to Earnings for Cellulose Fibers

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(Dollars in millions)	Total	Lessthan 1year	1-3years	3-5years	After 5years
Long-term debt (including current portion)	$9,945	$327	$1,911	$1,840	$5,867
Interest on debt-1	5,656	459	872	691	3,634
Pension and other postretirement cash requirements	15,476	779	3,412	3,969	7,316
Capital lease obligations	144	60	64	13	7
Operating lease obligations	1,494	239	400	235	620
Purchase obligations not recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position	107,564	38,458	31,381	20,478	17,247
Purchase obligations recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position	17,415	16,652	746	3	14
Total contractual obligations-2	$157,694	$56,974	$38,786	$27,229	$34,705

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Refinery Utilization
2008	2007	2006
HOVENSA
Crude	500	88.2%	90.8%	89.7%
Fluid catalytic cracker	150	72.7%	87.1%	84.3%
Coker	58	92.4%	83.4%	84.3%
Port Reading	70	*	90.7%	93.2%	97.4%

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As of December 31 (in millions)	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009
Commercial Banking:
Commercial real estate -1	$8,921.6	$7,294.2	$7,172.2	$7,306.3	$5,399.4
Commercial and industrial -1	6,302.1	6,047.7	5,352.6	3,095.6	2,805.7
Equipment financing	2,593.1	2,352.3	2,014.2	2,095.4	1,236.8
Total Commercial Banking	17,816.8	15,694.2	14,539.0	12,497.3	9,441.9
Retail:
Residential mortgage:
Adjustable-rate	3,895.3	3,335.2	2,947.7	2,117.9	2,230.2
Fixed-rate	521.3	550.9	680.7	529.6	182.4
Total residential mortgage	4,416.6	3,886.1	3,628.4	2,647.5	2,412.6
Consumer:
Home equity	2,084.6	2,051.5	2,057.7	1,976.8	1,986.3
Other consumer	72.3	104.8	159.7	201.1	258.7
Total consumer	2,156.9	2,156.3	2,217.4	2,177.9	2,245.0
Total Retail	6,573.5	6,042.4	5,845.8	4,825.4	4,657.6
Total loans	$24,390.3	$21,736.6	$20,384.8	$17,322.7	$14,099.5

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Question: What was the average of the Fixed-rate in the years where Total Commercial Banking is positive? (in million)
Answer: 492.98