strategy to provide omni-channel solutions that combine gateway services, payment service provisioning and merchant acquiring across Europe.
This transaction was accounted for as a business combination.
We recorded the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interest at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
In connection with the acquisition of Realex, we paid a transaction-related tax of $1.2 million.
Other acquisition costs were not material.
The revenue and earnings of Realex for the year ended May 31, 2015 were not material nor were the historical revenue and earnings of Realex material for the purpose of presenting pro forma information for the current or prior-year periods.
The estimated acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and the noncontrolling interest, including a reconciliation to the total purchase consideration, are as follows (in thousands):
## Table 0 ##
Goodwill of $66.8 million arising from the acquisition, included in the Europe segment, was attributable to expected growth opportunities in Europe, potential synergies from combining our existing business with gateway services and payment service provisioning in certain markets and an assembled workforce to support the newly acquired technology.
Goodwill associated with this acquisition is not deductible for income tax purposes.
The customer-related intangible assets have an estimated amortization period of 16 years.
The acquired technology has an estimated amortization period of 10 years.
The trade name has an estimated amortization period of 7 years.
strategy to provide omni-channel solutions that combine gateway services, payment service provisioning and merchant acquiring across Europe.
This transaction was accounted for as a business combination.
We recorded the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and noncontrolling interest at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
In connection with the acquisition of Realex, we paid a transaction-related tax of $1.2 million.
Other acquisition costs were not material.
The revenue and earnings of Realex for the year ended May 31, 2015 were not material nor were the historical revenue and earnings of Realex material for the purpose of presenting pro forma information for the current or prior-year periods.
The estimated acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and the noncontrolling interest, including a reconciliation to the total purchase consideration, are as follows (in thousands):
Goodwill of $66.8 million arising from the acquisition, included in the Europe segment, was attributable to expected growth opportunities in Europe, potential synergies from combining our existing business with gateway services and payment service provisioning in certain markets and an assembled workforce to support the newly acquired technology.
Goodwill associated with this acquisition is not deductible for income tax purposes.
The customer-related intangible assets have an estimated amortization period of 16 years.
The acquired technology has an estimated amortization period of 10 years.
The trade name has an estimated amortization period of 7 years.
On October 5, 2015, we paid €6.7 million ($7.5 million equivalent as of October 5, 2015) to acquire the remaining shares of Realex after which we own 100% of the outstanding shares.
Ezidebit On October 10, 2014, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding stock of Ezi Holdings Pty Ltd (¡°Ezidebit¡±) for AUD302.6 million in cash ($266.0 million equivalent as of the acquisition date).
This acquisition was funded by a combination of cash on hand and borrowings on our revolving credit facility.
Ezidebit is a leading integrated payments company focused on recurring payments verticals in Australia and New Zealand.
Ezidebit markets its services through a network of integrated software vendors and direct channels to numerous vertical markets.
We acquired Ezidebit to establish a direct distribution channel in Australia and New Zealand and to further enhance our existing integrated solutions offerings.
This transaction was accounted for as a business combination.
We recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.
Certain adjustments to estimated fair value were recorded during the year ended May 31, 2016 based on new information obtained that existed as of the acquisition date.
During the measurement period, management determined that deferred income taxes should be reflected for certain nondeductible intangible assets.
Measurement-period adjustments, which are reflected in the table below, had no material effect on earnings or other comprehensive income for the current or prior periods.
The revenue and earnings of Ezidebit
for which $92 million of the fees are offset in incentive compensation expense in accordance with the terms of the contractual agreements.
Certain of these incentive fees are subject to positive or negative future adjustment based on cumulative fund performance in relation to specified benchmarks.
The increase also reflects $68 million greater revenues from proprietary investing mainly due to appreciation and gains on sale of real estate related investments, including income of $12 million relating to a single investment in the current period and $58 million relating to two sale transactions in the prior year.
Asset management fees increased $88 million mainly from institutional and retail customer assets as a result of increased asset values due to market appreciation and net asset flows.
Expenses 2007 to 2006 Annual Comparison.
Expenses, as shown in the table above under “—Operating Results,” increased $170 million, from $1.457 billion in 2006 to $1.627 billion in 2007.
The increase is primarily driven by higher expenses associated with certain real estate funds, as discussed above.2006 to 2005 Annual Comparison.
Expenses increased $225 million, from $1.232 billion in 2005 to $1.457 billion in 2006.
The increase in expenses was primarily due to higher performance-based compensation costs resulting from favorable performance in 2006, higher expenses related to proprietary investing activities and incentive compensation related to performance based incentive fees, as discussed above.
Financial Advisory Operating Results The following table sets forth the Financial Advisory segment’s operating results for the periods indicated.
## Table 1 ##
(1) Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures are included in adjusted operating income but excluded from income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures, as they are reflected on a U. S.  GAAP basis on an after-tax basis as a separate line on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
On July 1, 2003, we combined our retail securities brokerage and clearing operations with those of Wachovia Corporation, or Wachovia, and formed Wachovia Securities Financial Holdings, LLC, or Wachovia Securities, a joint venture now headquartered in St.  Louis, Missouri.
As of December 31, 2007, we had a 38% ownership interest in the joint venture, with Wachovia owning the remaining 62%.
As part of the transaction, we retained certain assets and liabilities related to the contributed businesses, including liabilities for certain litigation and regulatory matters.
We account for our ownership of the joint venture under the equity method of accounting.
On October 1, 2007, Wachovia completed the acquisition of A. G.  Edwards, Inc. , or A. G.  Edwards, for $6.8 billion and on January 1, 2008 combined the retail securities brokerage business of A. G.  Edwards with Wachovia Securities.
As discussed in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we have elected the “lookback” option under the terms of the agreements relating to the joint venture in connection with the combination of the A. G.  Edwards business with Wachovia Securities.
The “lookback” option permits us to delay for approximately two years following the combination of the A. G.  Edwards business with Wachovia Securities our decision to make or not to make payments to avoid or limit dilution of our ownership interest in the joint venture.
During this “lookback” period, our share in the earnings of the joint venture, as well as our share of the one-time costs associated with the combination, will be based on our diluted ownership level, which is in the process of being determined.
Any payment at the end of the “lookback” period to restore all or part of our ownership interest in the joint venture would be based on the appraised or agreed value of the existing joint venture and the A. G.  Edwards business.
In such event, we would also need to make a true-up payment of one-time costs associated with the combination to reflect the incremental increase in our ownership interest in the joint venture.
Alternatively, we may at the end of the “lookback” period “put” our joint venture interests to Wachovia based on the appraised value of the joint venture, excluding the A. G.  Edwards business, as of the date of the combination of the A. G.  Edwards business with Wachovia Securities.
We also retain our separate right to “put” our joint venture interests to Wachovia at any time after July 1, 2008 based on the appraised value of the joint venture, including the A. G.  Edwards business, determined as if it were a public company and including a control premium such as would apply in the case of a sale of 100% of its common equity.
However, if in connection with the “lookback” option we elect at the end of the “lookback” period to make payments to avoid or limit dilution, we may not exercise this “put” option prior to the first anniversary of the end of the “lookback” period.
Investment Results The following tables set forth the income yield and investment income, excluding realized investment gains (losses), for each major investment category of our general account for the periods indicated.
## Table 2 ##
Year Ended December 31, 2006
## Table 3 ##
(1) Yields are based on quarterly average carrying values except for fixed maturities, equity securities and securities lending activity.
Yields for fixed maturities are based on amortized cost.
Yields for equity securities are based on cost.
Yields for securities lending activity are calculated net of corresponding liabilities and rebate expenses.
Yields exclude investment income on assets other than those included in invested assets of the Financial Services Businesses.
Prior periods yields are presented on a basis consistent with the current period presentation.
(2) Includes investment income of securities brokerage, securities trading, banking operations, real estate and relocation services, and asset management operations.
The net investment income yield on our general account investments after investment expenses, excluding realized investment gains (losses), was 5.43% and 5.38% for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
The net investment income yield attributable to the Financial Services Businesses was 5.06% for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to 4.99% for the year ended December 31, 2006.
See below for a discussion of the change in the Financial Services Businesses’ yields.
The net investment income yield attributable to the Closed Block Business was 6.41% for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to 6.37% for the year ended December 31, 2006.
The increase was primarily due to higher income from investments in joint ventures and limited partnerships, driven by net appreciation of underlying assets and gains from the sale of underlying assets partially offset by lower mortgage loan prepayment income.

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Cash	$4,082
Customer-related intangible assets	16,079
Acquired technology	39,820
Trade name	3,453
Other intangible assets	399
Other assets	6,213
Liabilities	-3,479
Deferred income tax liabilities	-7,216
Total identifiable net assets	59,351
Goodwill	66,809
Noncontrolling interest	-7,280
Total purchase consideration	$118,880

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Year ended December 31,
2007	2006	2005
(in millions)
Operating results:
Revenues	$373	$314	$199
Expenses	76	287	454
Adjusted operating income	297	27	-255
Equity in earnings of operating joint ventures-1	-370	-294	-192
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of operating joint ventures	$-73	$-267	$-447

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Year Ended December 31, 2007
Financial Services Businesses	Closed Block Business	Combined
Yield-1	Amount	Yield-1	Amount	Yield-1	Amount
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities	5.10%	$5,700	6.59%	$3,047	5.53%	$8,747
Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities	5.12	716	—	—	5.12	716
Equity securities	4.95	198	2.91	93	4.04	291
Commercial loans	6.17	1,081	7.00	504	6.41	1,585
Policy loans	5.23	188	6.35	333	5.90	521
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	4.58	378	9.83	183	5.05	561
Other investments	4.80	136	17.83	176	8.19	312
Gross investment income before investment expenses	5.20	8,397	6.64	4,336	5.60	12,733
Investment expenses	-0.14	-521	-0.23	-547	-0.17	-1,068
Investment income after investment expenses	5.06%	7,876	6.41%	3,789	5.43%	11,665
Investment results of other entities and operations-2	352	—	352
Total investment income	$8,228	$3,789	$12,017

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Year Ended December 31, 2006
Financial Services Businesses	Closed Block Business	Combined
Yield-1	Amount	Yield-1	Amount	Yield-1	Amount
($ in millions)
Fixed maturities	4.95%	$5,315	6.59%	$3,001	5.42%	$8,316
Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities	4.73	652	—	—	4.73	652
Equity securities	5.15	182	2.81	81	4.10	263
Commercial loans	6.15	982	7.58	529	6.58	1,511
Policy loans	5.04	158	6.35	333	5.86	491
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	5.38	342	10.91	191	6.06	533
Other investments	8.03	217	10.76	94	8.72	311
Gross investment income before investment expenses	5.14	7,848	6.61	4,229	5.56	12,077
Investment expenses	-0.15	-515	-0.24	-549	-0.18	-1,064
Investment income after investment expenses	4.99%	7,333	6.37%	3,680	5.38%	11,013
Investment results of other entities and operations-2	307	—	307
Total investment income	$7,640	$3,680	$11,320

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Question: As As the chart 3 shows,between Financial Services Businesses and Closed Block Business,what is the lowest Amount for Equity securities for Year Ended December 31, 2006? (in million)
Answer: 81