List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics

Table columns:
Year
Laureate
Country
Rationale
Alma mater
Institution (most significant tenure/at time of receipt)

Table rows:
cells: 1969
Ragnar Frisch
Norway
"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes"[2]
University of Oslo
University of Oslo
cells: Jan Tinbergen
Netherlands
Leiden University
Erasmus University
cells: 1970
Paul Samuelson
United States
"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"[8]
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: 1971
Simon Kuznets
United States
"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[9]
Columbia University
Harvard University
cells: 1972
John Hicks
United Kingdom
"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory."[10]
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
cells: Kenneth Arrow
United States
Columbia University
Stanford University
cells: 1973
Wassily Leontief
Soviet Union  United States
"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[11]
University of Berlin
Harvard University
cells: 1974
Gunnar Myrdal
Sweden
"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."[12]
Stockholm University
Stockholm University
cells: Friedrich Hayek
Austria  United Kingdom
University of Vienna
London School of Economics, University of Chicago
cells: 1975
Leonid Kantorovich
Soviet Union
"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[13]
Leningrad State University
Novosibirsk State University
cells: Tjalling Koopmans
Netherlands  United States
University of Leiden
University of Chicago, Yale University
cells: 1976
Milton Friedman
United States
"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilisation policy"[14]
Columbia University
University of Chicago
cells: 1977
Bertil Ohlin
Sweden
"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements"[15]
Stockholm University
Stockholm School of Economics
cells: James Meade
United Kingdom
University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
cells: 1978
Herbert A. Simon
United States
"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[16]
University of Chicago
Carnegie Mellon University
cells: 1979
Theodore Schultz
United States
"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[17]
South Dakota State University, University of Wisconsin-Madison
University of Chicago
cells: Arthur Lewis
Saint Lucia  United Kingdom
London School of Economics
Princeton University
cells: 1980
Lawrence Klein
United States
"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[18]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Pennsylvania
cells: 1981
James Tobin
United States
"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"[19]
Harvard University
Yale University
cells: 1982
George Stigler
United States
"for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"[20]
University of Chicago
University of Chicago
cells: 1983
Gérard Debreu
France
"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"[21]
École Normale Supérieure
University of California, Berkeley
cells: 1984
Richard Stone
United Kingdom
"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"[22]
University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
cells: 1985
Franco Modigliani
Italy
"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[23]
The New School for Social Research
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: 1986
James M. Buchanan
United States
"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"[24]
University of Chicago
George Mason University
cells: 1987
Robert Solow
United States
"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"[25]
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: 1988
Maurice Allais
France
"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"[26]
École Polytechnique
École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, Paris Nanterre University
cells: 1989
Trygve Haavelmo
Norway
"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"[27]
University of Oslo
University of Oslo
cells: 1990
Harry Markowitz
United States
"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"[28]
University of Chicago
City University of New York
cells: Merton Miller
Johns Hopkins University
Carnegie Mellon University, University of Chicago
cells: William F. Sharpe
University of California, Los Angeles
Stanford University
cells: 1991
Ronald Coase
United Kingdom
"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"[29]
London School of Economics
University of Chicago, London School of Economics
cells: 1992
Gary Becker
United States
"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour"[30]
University of Chicago
University of Chicago
cells: 1993
Robert Fogel
United States
"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[31]
Johns Hopkins University
University of Chicago
cells: Douglass North
University of California, Berkeley
Washington University in St Louis
cells: 1994
John Harsanyi
United States
"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[32]
Stanford University
University of California, Berkeley
cells: John Forbes Nash
Princeton University
Princeton University
cells: Reinhard Selten
Germany
Goethe University Frankfurt
University of Bonn
cells: 1995
Robert Lucas, Jr.
United States
"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"[33]
University of Chicago
University of Chicago
cells: 1996
James Mirrlees
United Kingdom
"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"[34]
University of Cambridge
University of Oxford, University of Cambridge
cells: William Vickrey
Canada  United States
Columbia University
Columbia University
cells: 1997
Robert C. Merton
United States
"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives."[35]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: Myron Scholes
Canada  United States
University of Chicago
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: 1998
Amartya Sen
India
"for his contributions to welfare economics"[36]
University of Cambridge
Harvard University, University of Cambridge
cells: 1999
Robert Mundell
Canada
"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"[37]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Columbia University
cells: 2000
James Heckman
United States
"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"[38]
Princeton University
University of Chicago
cells: Daniel McFadden
United States
"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"[38]
University of Minnesota
University of California Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: 2001
George Akerlof
United States
"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"[39]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Georgetown University, University of California Berkeley
cells: Michael Spence
Harvard University
Harvard University
cells: Joseph E. Stiglitz
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Princeton University, Columbia University
cells: 2002
Daniel Kahneman
Israel  United States
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[40]
University of California, Berkeley
Princeton University, University of British Columbia
cells: Vernon L. Smith
United States
"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"[40]
Harvard University
University of Arizona
cells: 2003
Robert F. Engle
United States
"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"[41]
Cornell University
University of California, San Diego
cells: Clive Granger
United Kingdom
"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"[41]
University of Nottingham
University of California, San Diego
cells: 2004
Finn E. Kydland
Norway
"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles."[42]
Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University
cells: Edward C. Prescott
United States
Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University
cells: 2005
Robert J. Aumann
United States  Israel
"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."[43]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
cells: Thomas C. Schelling
United States
Harvard University
Yale University, Harvard University
cells: 2006
Edmund S. Phelps
United States
"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy"[44]
Yale University
Columbia University
cells: 2007
Leonid Hurwicz
Poland  United States
"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"[45]
London School of Economics
University of Minnesota, Iowa State University
cells: Eric S. Maskin
United States
Harvard University
Harvard University
cells: Roger B. Myerson
Harvard University
Northwestern University
cells: 2008
Paul Krugman
United States
"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[46]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: 2009
Elinor Ostrom
United States
"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[47]
University of California, Los Angeles
Indiana University
cells: Oliver E. Williamson
"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"[47]
Carnegie Mellon University
University of Pennsylvania, University of California Berkeley
cells: 2010
Peter A. Diamond
United States
"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"[48]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
cells: Dale T. Mortensen
Carnegie Mellon University
Northwestern University
cells: Christopher A. Pissarides
Cyprus
London School of Economics
London School of Economics
cells: 2011
Thomas J. Sargent
United States
"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"[49]
Harvard University
Hoover Institution, University of Minnesota
cells: Christopher A. Sims
Harvard University
University of Minnesota
cells: 2012
Alvin E. Roth
United States
"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."[50]
Stanford University
Stanford University, Harvard University
cells: Lloyd S. Shapley
Princeton University
University of California, Los Angeles
cells: 2013
Eugene F. Fama
United States
"for their empirical analysis of asset prices."[51]
University of Chicago
University of Chicago
cells: Lars Peter Hansen
University of Minnesota
University of Chicago
cells: Robert J. Shiller
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Yale University
cells: 2014
Jean Tirole
France
"for his analysis of market power and regulation".[52]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Toulouse School of Economics, École des hautes études en sciences sociales
cells: 2015
Angus Deaton
United Kingdom  United States
"for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare".[53]
University of Cambridge
University of Bristol, Princeton University
cells: 2016
Oliver Hart
United Kingdom  United States
"for their contributions to contract theory".[54]
Princeton University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University
cells: Bengt Holmström
Finland
Stanford University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University
cells: 2017
Richard Thaler
United States
"for his contributions to behavioural economics".[55]
University of Rochester
Cornell University, University of Chicago

Questions about this table:
originalText: who won the nobel prize for economics in 2009
answer: answerTexts: Elinor Ostrom
Oliver E. Williamson