The world's 100 most threatened species

Table columns:
Species
Common name
Type
Image
Location(s)
Estimated population
Threats

Table rows:
cells: Abies beshanzuensis
Baishan fir
Plant (flower)
Baishanzu Mountain, Zhejiang, China
Five mature individuals
agriculture fire
cells: Actinote zikani
Insect (butterfly)
Near São Paulo, Atlantic forest, Brazil
Unknown
habitat loss from human expansion
cells: Aipysurus foliosquama
Leaf scaled sea-snake
Reptile
Ashmore Reef and Hibernia Reef, Timor Sea
Unknown
unknown—probably degradation of coral reef habitat
cells: Amanipodagrion gilliesi
Amani flatwing
Insect (damselfly)
Amani-Sigi Forest, Usamabara Mountains, Tanzania
< 500 individuals
population pressure and water pollution
cells: Anisolabis seychellensis
Insect
Morne Blanc, Mahé island, Seychelles
Unknown
invasive species climate change
cells: Antilophia bokermanni
Araripe manakin
Bird
Chapado do Araripe, South Ceará, Brazil
779 individuals
recreational facilities water diversion
cells: Aphanius transgrediens
Aci Göl toothcarp
Fish
south-eastern shore of former Lake Aci, Turkey
few hundred pairs
competition and predation by Gambusia road construction
cells: Aproteles bulmerae
Bulmer’s fruit bat
Mammal
Luplupwintern Cave, Western Province, Papua New Guinea
150
hunting cave disturbance
cells: Ardea insignis
White bellied heron
Bird
Bhutan, North East India and Myanmar
70–400 individuals
hydropower development
cells: Ardeotis nigriceps
Great Indian bustard
Bird
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya, India
50–249 mature individuals
agricultural development
cells: Astrochelys yniphora
Ploughshare tortoise
Reptile
Baly Bay region, northwestern Madagascar
440–770
illegal collection for international pet trade
cells: Atelopus balios
Rio Pescado stubfoot toad
Amphibian
Azuay, Cañar and Guyas provinces, south-western Ecuador
Unknown
Chytridiomycosis logging agricultural expansion
cells: Aythya innotata
Madagascar pochard
Bird
volcanic lakes north of Bealanana, Madagascar
80 mature individuals
agriculture hunting and fishing introduced fish
cells: Azurina eupalama
Galapagos damsel fish
Fish
Unknown
Unknown
climate change oceanographic changes related to the 1982/1983 El Nino
cells: Bahaba taipingensis
Giant yellow croaker
Fish
Chinese coast from Yangtze River, China to Hong Kong
Unknown
over-fishing due to value of swim-bladder in traditional medicine
cells: Batagur baska
Common batagur
Reptile (turtle)
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia and Malaysia
Unknown
illegal export China
cells: Bazzania bhutanica
Plant
Budini and Lafeti Khola, Bhutan
2 sub-populations
forest clearance overgrazing development
cells: Beatragus hunteri
Hirola
Mammal (antelope)
South-east Kenya and possibly south-west Somalia
< 1,000 individuals
habitat loss competition with livestock poaching
cells: Bombus franklini
Franklin’s bumblebee
Insect (bee)
Oregon and California
Unknown
disease from commercial bumblebees habitat destruction and degradation
cells: Brachyteles hypoxanthus
Northern muriqui Woolly spider monkey
Mammal (primate)
Atlantic forest, south-eastern Brazil
< 1,000
large-scale deforestation and logging
cells: Bradypus pygmaeus
Pygmy three-toed sloth
Mammal
Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama
< 500
illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction hunting
cells: Callitriche pulchra
Plant (freshwater)
pool on Gavdos, Greece
Unknown
habitat exploitation by livestock modification of the pool by locals
cells: Calumma tarzan
Tarzan’s chameleon
Reptile
Anosibe An’Ala region, eastern Madagascar
< 100
agriculture
cells: Cavia intermedia
Santa Catarina’s guinea pig
Mammal (rodent)
Moleques do Sul Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil
40–60
habitat disturbance possible hunting result of having such a small population
cells: Cercopithecus roloway
Roloway guenon
Mammal (primate)
Côte d'Ivoire
Unknown
hunting habitat loss
cells: Coleura seychellensis
Seychelles sheath-tailed bat
Mammal (bat)
Two small caves on Silhouette and Mahé, Seychelles
< 100
habitat degradation predation by invasive species
cells: Cryptomyces maximus
Willow blister
Fungi
Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom
Unknown
limited habitat
cells: Cryptotis nelsoni
Nelson’s small-eared shrew
Mammal (shrew)
Volcán San Martín Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico
Unknown
logging cattle grazing fire agriculture
cells: Cyclura collei
Jamaican iguana Jamaican rock iguana
Reptile
Hellshire Hills, Jamaica
Unknown
habitat destruction predation by introduced species
cells: Daubentonia Madagascariensis
Aye-aye
Mammal (primate)
Deciduous forest, East Madagascar
Unknown
poaching limited habitat
cells: Dendrophylax fawcettii
Cayman Islands ghost orchid
Plant (orchid)
Ironwood Forest, George Town, Grand Cayman
Unknown
infrastructure development
cells: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
Sumatran rhino
Mammal (rhino)
Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia, Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia
< 100
hunting (horn is used in traditional medicine)
cells: Diomedea amsterdamensis
Amsterdam albatross
Bird
Breeds on Plateuau des Tourbières, Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean.
100 mature individuals
disease incidental by-catch in long-line fishing
cells: Dioscorea strydomiana
Wild yam
Plant
Oshoek area, Mpumalanga, South Africa
200
collection for medicinal use
cells: Diospyros katendei
Plant (tree)
Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Uganda
20 individuals in a single population
agricultural activity illegal tree felling alluvial gold digging small population
cells: Dipterocarpus lamellatus
Plant (tree)
Siangau Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia
12 individuals
logging of lowland forest creation of industrial plantations
cells: Discoglossus nigriventer
Hula painted frog
Amphibian
Hula Valley, Israel
Unknown
predation by birds range restriction due to habitat destruction
cells: Dombeya mauritiana
Plant
Mauritius
Unknown
encroachment by invasive plant species habitat loss due to cannabis cultivation
cells: Elaeocarpus bojeri
Bois Dentelle
Plant (tree)
Grand Bassin, Mauritius
< 10 individuals
habitat degradation
cells: Eleutherodactylus glandulifer
La Hotte glanded frog
Amphibian
Massif de la Hotte, Haiti
Unknown
charcoal production slash-and-burn agriculture
cells: Eleutherodactylus thorcetes
Macaya breast-spot frog
Amphibian
Formon and Macaya peaks, Masif de la Hotte, Haiti
Unknown
charcoal production slash-and-burn agriculture
cells: Eriosyce chilensis
Chilenito (cactus)
Plant
Pta Molles and Pichidungui, Chile
< 500 individuals
collection of flowering plants
cells: Erythrina schliebenii
Coral tree
Plant
Namatimbili-Ngarama Forest, Tanzania
< 50 individuals
limited habitat and small population size increase vulnerability
cells: Euphorbia tanaensis
Plant (tree)
Witu Forest Reserve, Kenya
4 mature individuals
illegal logging agricultural expansion infrastructure development
cells: Eurynorhyncus pygmeus
Spoon-billed sandpiper
Bird
Breeds in Russia, migrates along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway to wintering grounds in India, Bangladesh and Myanmar
100 breeding pairs
trapping land reclamation
cells: Ficus katendei
Plant
Kasyoha-Kitomi Forest Reserve, Ishasha River, Uganda
< 50 mature individuals
agriculture illegal tree felling alluvial gold digging
cells: Geronticus eremita
Northern bald ibis
Bird
Breeds in Morocco, Turkey and Syria. Syrian population winters in central Ethiopia.
200–249 mature individuals
habitat degradation and destruction hunting
cells: Gigasiphon macrosiphon
Plant (flower)
Kaya Muhaka, Gongoni and Mrima Forest Reserves, Kenya, Amani Nature Reserve, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, and Kihansi Gorge, Tanzania
33
timber extraction agriculture encroachment and development predation by wild pigs
cells: Gocea ohridana
Mollusc
Lake Ohrid, Macedonia
Unknown
increasing pollution levels off-take of water sedimentation events
cells: Heleophryne rosei
Table mountain ghost frog
Amphibian
Table Mountain, Western Cape Province, South Africa
Unknown
invasive plants water abstraction
cells: Hemicycla paeteliana
Mollusc (land snail)
Jandia peninsula, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands
Unknown
overgrazing trampling by goats and tourists
cells: Heteromirafa sidamoensis
Liben lark
Bird
Liben Plains, southern Ethiopia
90–256
agricultural expansion overgrazing fire suppression
cells: Hibiscadelphus woodii
Plant (tree)
Kalalau Valley, Hawaii
Unknown
habitat degradation due to feral ungulates competition with invasive plant species
cells: Hucho perryi
Sakhalin taimen
Fish
Russian and Japanese rivers, Pacific Ocean between Russia and Japan
Unknown
overfishing damming agriculture other land use
cells: Johora singaporensis
Singapore freshwater crab
Crustacean
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve and streamlet near Bukit Batok, Singapore
Unknown
habitat degradation due to reduction in water quality and quantity
cells: Lathyrus belinensis
Belin vetchling
Plant
Outskirts of Belin village, Antalya, Turkey
< 1,000
urbanisation over-grazing conifer planting road widening
cells: Leiopelma archeyi
Archey’s frog
Amphibian
Coromandel peninsula and Whareorino Forest, New Zealand
Unknown
Chytridiomycosis predation by invasive species
cells: Lithobates sevosus
Dusky gopher frog
Amphibian
Harrison County, Mississippi, USA
60–100
fungal disease climate change land-use changes
cells: Lophura edwardsi
Edwards’s pheasant
Bird
Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien-Hue, Viet Nam
Unknown
habitat loss hunting
cells: Magnolia wolfii
Plant (tree)
Risaralda, Colombia
3
isolation of species low regeneration rates
cells: Margaritifera marocana
Mollusc
Oued Denna, Oued Abid and Oued Beth, Morocco
< 250
pollution development
cells: Moominia willii
Mollusc (snail)
Silhouette Island, Seychelles
< 500
invasive species climate change
cells: Natalus primus
Cuban greater funnel eared bat
Mammal (bat)
Cueva La Barca, Isle of Pines, Cuba
< 100
habitat loss human disturbance
cells: Nepenthes attenboroughii
Attenborough’s pitcher plant
Plant
Mount Victoria, Palawan, Philippines
Unknown
poaching
cells: Nomascus hainanus
Hainan black crested gibbon
Mammal (primate)
Hainan Island, China
20
hunting
cells: Neurergus kaiseri
Luristan newt
Amphibian
Zagros Mountains, Lorestan, Iran
< 1,000
illegal collection for pet trade
cells: Oreocnemis phoenix
Mulanje red damsel
Insect (damselfly)
Mulanje Plateau, Malawi
Unknown
habitat destruction and degradation due to drainage agricultural expansion exploitation of forest
cells: Pangasius sanitwongsei
Pangasid catfish
Fish
Chao Phraya and Mekong basins in Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam
Unknown
overfishing collection for aquarium trade
cells: Parides burchellanus
Insect (butterfly)
Cerrado, Brazil
< 100
human expansion limited range
cells: Phocoena sinus
Vaquita
Mammal (porpoise)
Northern Gulf of California, Mexico
< 200
capture in fishermen's gillnets
cells: Picea neoveitchii
Type of spruce tree
Plant (tree)
Qinling Range, China
Unknown
destruction of forest
cells: Pinus squamata
Qiaojia pine
Plant (tree)
Qiaojia, Yunnan, China
< 25
limited distribution small population size
cells: Poecilotheria metallica
Gooty tarantula Metallic tarantula Peacock tarantula Salepurgu
Spider
Nandyal and Giddalur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Unknown
deforestation firewood collection civil unrest
cells: Pomarea whitneyi
Fatuhiva monarch
Bird
Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
50
predation by introduced species - Rattus rattus and feral cats
cells: Pristis pristis
Common sawfish
Fish
Coastal tropical and subtropical waters of Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Currently largely restricted to northern Australia
Unknown
exploitation has removed the species from 95 per cent of its historical range
cells: Prolemur simus
Greater bamboo lemur
Mammal (primate)
Southeastern and southcentral rainforests of Madagascar
500
agriculture mining illegal logging
cells: Propithecus candidus
Silky sifaka
Mammal (primate)
Maroantsetra to Andapa basin, and Marojeju Massif, Madagascar
100–1,000
hunting habitat disturbance
cells: Psammobates geometricus
Geometric tortoise
Reptile
Western Cape Province, South Africa
Unknown
loss of habitat destruction predation
cells: Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
Saola
Mammal
Annamite mountains, on the Viet Nam - PDR Laos border
Unknown
habitat destruction hunting
cells: Psiadia cataractae
Plant
Mauritius
Unknown
development project competition from invasive plant species
cells: Psorodonotus ebneri
Beydaglari bush-cricket
Insect
Beydaglari range, Antalaya, Turkey
Unknown
climate change habitat loss
cells: Rafetus swinhoei
Red River giant softshell turtle
Reptile
Hoan Kiem Lake and Dong Mo Lake, Viet Nam, and Suzhou Zoo, China
4
hunting for consumption wetland destruction pollution
cells: Rhinoceros sondaicus
Javan rhino
Mammal (rhino)
Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia
< 100
hunting for traditional medicine small population size
cells: Rhinopithecus avunculus
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey
Mammal (primate)
Northeastern Vietnam
< 200
habitat loss hunting
cells: Rhizanthella gardneri
West Australian underground orchid
Plant (orchid)
Western Australia, Australia
< 100
land clearance for agriculture climate change salinisation
cells: Rhynchocyon spp.
Boni giant sengi
Mammal (shrew)
Boni-Dodori Forest, Lamu area, Kenya
Unknown
development causing habitat loss
cells: Risiocnemis seidenschwarzi
Cebu frill-wing
Insect (damselfly)
Rivulet beside the Kawasan River, Cebu, Philippines
Unknown
habitat degradation and destruction
cells: Rosa arabica
Plant
St Katherine Mountains, Egypt
Unknown, 10 sub-populations
domestic animal grazing climate change and drought medicinal plant collecting limited range
cells: Salanoia durrelli
Durrell’s vontsira
Mammal (mongoose)
Marshes of Lake Alaotra, Madagascar
Unknown
loss of habitat
cells: Santamartamys rufodorsalis
Red crested tree rat
Mammal (rodent)
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Unknown
urban development coffee cultivation
cells: Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis
Red-finned blue-eye
Fish
Edgbaston Station, central western Queensland, Australia
2,000–4,000
predation by introduced species
cells: Squatina squatina
Angel shark
Fish
Canary Islands
Unknown
benthic trawling
cells: Sterna bernsteini
Chinese crested tern
Bird
Breeding in Zhejiang and Fujian, China. Outside breeding season in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand.
< 50
habitat destruction egg collection
cells: Syngnathus watermeyeri
Estuarine pipefish
Fish
Kariega Estuary to East Kleinemonde Estuary, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Unknown
dam construction is altering river flows flood events into estuaries
cells: Tahina spectabilis
Suicide palm Dimaka
Plant
Analalava district, north-western Madagascar
90
fires logging agricultural developments
cells: Telmatobufo bullocki
Bullock’s false toad
Amphibian (frog)
Nahuelbuta, Arauco Province, Chile
Unknown
construction of hydro-electricity
cells: Tokudaia muenninki
Okinawa spiny rat
Mammal (rodent)
Okinawa Island, Japan
Unknown
habitat loss predation by feral cats
cells: Trigonostigma somphongsi
Somphongs’s rasbora
Fish
Mae Khlong basin, Thailand
Unknown
farmland conversion and urbanization
cells: Valencia letourneuxi
Fish
Southern Albania and Western Greece
Unknown
habitat destruction water abstraction aggressive interaction with Gambusia
cells: Voanioala gerardii
Forest coconut
Plant
Masoala peninsula, Madagascar
< 10
deforestation harvesting for consumption of palm heart
cells: Zaglossus attenboroughi
Attenborough’s echidna
Mammal
Cyclops Mountains, Papua Province, Indonesia
Unknown
habitat modification and degradation logging agricultural encroachment shifting cultivation and hunting by local people

Questions about this table:
originalText: what is the most threatened animal in the world
answer: answerTexts: Actinote zikani