Syrian Civil War

Table columns:
Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraq conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
Military situation in May 2018:  Syrian Arab Republic Syrian opposition Democratic Federation of Northern Syria Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Tahrir al-Sham[17](For a full list of combatants see order of battle)(For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map)
Date15 March 2011 – present(7 years, 4 months and 1 day)LocationSyria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)Status OngoingTerritorialchanges As of 4 May 2018: the government held 60.2% of Syrian territories; (SDF)-held territory constituted 26.7%; 10.1% was controlled by rebel groups (including HTS) and Turkey; 3% was held by ISIL[18][19]
Date
Location
Status
Territorialchanges
Main belligerents
Syrian Arab Republic Pro-government armed groups  Hezbollah Iran Russia (from 2015) Support:[show]  Iraq[1]
Commanders and leaders
Bashar al-Assad(President of Syria) Ali Abdullah Ayyoub(Minister of Defense) Issam Hallaq(Chief of Staff of the Air Force) Suheil al-Hassan (Commander of Tiger Forces) Ali Mamlouk(Director of the National Security Bureau) Rafiq Shahadah(Head of the Military Intelligence Directorate) Ali Khamenei(Supreme Leader of Iran) Qasem Soleimani (Commander of Quds Force) Vladimir Putin(President of Russia) Killed in action:[show] Issam Zahreddine (Major General of the Republican Guard) Assef Shawkat (Deputy Minister of Defense)[20] Dawoud Rajiha (Minister of Defense)[21] Rustum Ghazaleh (Head of Syrian National Intelligence)[22] Hilal al-Assad[23] Hossein Hamadani (IRGC Major General)[24] Hassan Shateri (Senior Commander of IRGC)[25] Samir Kuntar (Senior Commander of Hezbollah)[26] Mustafa Badreddine (Military Leader of Hezbollah)[27] Mohamad Issa (Hezbollah Chief of Operations in Syria)[28] Jihad Mughniyah (Hezbollah Head of Security)[29] Ali Reza Tavassoli (Leader of Liwa Fatemiyoun)[30] Lt. Gen Valery Asapov[31]
Strength
Syrian Armed Forces: 180,000[57] General Security Directorate: 8,000[58] National Defense Force: 80,000[59] Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000 Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[60] Liwa Al-Quds: 4,000-8,000 Russia: 4,000 troops[61] and 1,000 contractors[62] Iran: 3,000–5,000[60][63] Other allied groups: 20,000+
Casualties and losses
Syrian Government: 63,820–98,820 soldiers killed[84][85] 48,814–62,814 militiamen killed[84][85]4,700 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured[84]  Hezbollah:1,630–1,800 killed[84][86]  Russia:93 soldiers[87][88][89][90] and 150–200 contractors killed Other non-Syrian fighters:7,686 killed[84] ( 559–2,062 Iranians)[91][92]
106,390[84]–110,218[103] (3,284 foreign; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition 100 other foreign soldiers killed( 60, 17 (pre-'16), 16, 7) Total killed: 353,593–498,593 (March 2018 SOHR estimate)[84] 470,000 (February 2016 SCPR estimate)[104] Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate) Over 5,116,097 refugees (July 2017 registered by UNHCR)[105] a Since early 2013, the FSA has been decentralized with their name being arbitrarily used by various rebels. b Turkey has provided arms support to the rebels since 2011. Since Aug. 2016, Turkey has fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate against the SDF, ISIL and later the Syrian government. c Sep.–Nov. 2016, the U.S. fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL.[106][107] In 2017–18, the U.S. intentionally attacked the Syrian government 10 times, while in Sep. 2016 it accidentally hit a Syrian base, killing over 100 SAA soldiers. Syria maintains that this was an intentional attack.[108] d HTS's predecessor (the Al-Nusra Front) and ISIL's predecessor (ISI) were allied al-Qaeda branches until April 2013. An ISI-proposed merger of the two into ISIL was rejected by the Al-Nusra Front and al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014. e Syrian Liberation Front and Tahrir al-Sham's predecessor, the Al-Nusra Front, were allied under the Army of Conquest from March 2015 to January 2017. f Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.[109][84]

Table rows:
cells: Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraq conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraq conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraq conflict and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
Military situation in May 2018:  Syrian Arab Republic Syrian opposition Democratic Federation of Northern Syria Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Tahrir al-Sham[17](For a full list of combatants see order of battle)(For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map) Military situation in May 2018:  Syrian Arab Republic Syrian opposition Democratic Federation of Northern Syria Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Tahrir al-Sham[17](For a full list of combatants see order of battle)(For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map) Military situation in May 2018:  Syrian Arab Republic Syrian opposition Democratic Federation of Northern Syria Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Tahrir al-Sham[17](For a full list of combatants see order of battle)(For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map)
Date15 March 2011 – present(7 years, 4 months and 1 day)LocationSyria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)Status OngoingTerritorialchanges As of 4 May 2018: the government held 60.2% of Syrian territories; (SDF)-held territory constituted 26.7%; 10.1% was controlled by rebel groups (including HTS) and Turkey; 3% was held by ISIL[18][19] Date15 March 2011 – present(7 years, 4 months and 1 day)LocationSyria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)Status OngoingTerritorialchanges As of 4 May 2018: the government held 60.2% of Syrian territories; (SDF)-held territory constituted 26.7%; 10.1% was controlled by rebel groups (including HTS) and Turkey; 3% was held by ISIL[18][19] Date15 March 2011 – present(7 years, 4 months and 1 day)LocationSyria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)Status OngoingTerritorialchanges As of 4 May 2018: the government held 60.2% of Syrian territories; (SDF)-held territory constituted 26.7%; 10.1% was controlled by rebel groups (including HTS) and Turkey; 3% was held by ISIL[18][19]
15 March 2011 – present(7 years, 4 months and 1 day)  
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)  
Ongoing  
As of 4 May 2018: the government held 60.2% of Syrian territories; (SDF)-held territory constituted 26.7%; 10.1% was controlled by rebel groups (including HTS) and Turkey; 3% was held by ISIL[18][19]  
Main belligerents Main belligerents Main belligerents
Syrian opposition Free Syrian Army[a]  Turkey[b] (from 2016) Turkish-backed armed groups Support:[show]  United States[c](2011–17)[2]  Saudi Arabia  Qatar  Syrian Liberation Front (Ahrar al-Sham)[e] Islamic Front / SIF (2012–15)  Jaysh al-Islam Support:[show]  Turkey  Saudi Arabia  Qatar  Tahrir al-Sham[d][e] Al-Nusra Front (2012–17) Guardians of Religion Organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[d] (from 2013) Support:[show]  Saudi Arabia [3][4]  Al-Qaeda(2013–14) Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (SDF) (from 2012) YPG/YPJ Other armed groups Support:[show]  United States (from 2014)[5][6]  Russia(2015–18)  France(from 2016)[7][8]  PKK  PUK(from 2013)[9][10][11]  KDP(2013–15) [9][12] CJTF–OIR(from 2014)[show] Current participants: Australia France[13] Germany Jordan Netherlands Norway[14] UAE[15] United Kingdom United States[c] Withdrew in 2017: Belgium Withdrew in 2016: Bahrain Denmark Morocco Qatar Saudi Arabia Withdrew in 2015: Canada[16]
Commanders and leaders Commanders and leaders Commanders and leaders
Bashar al-Zoubi (Commander of the Southern Front) Jamal Maarouf(SRF commander, 2012–14) Lt. Gen. Zekai Aksakallı (Operations chief commander, 2016–17)[32] Lt. Gen. İsmail Metin Temel(Operations chief commander, 2017–18)[33] Killed in action:[show] Abdul Qader Saleh (Founder of al-Tawhid Brigade)[34] Abu Yahia al-Hamawi(Leader of Ahrar al-Sham) Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh (Leader of the Islamic Front, 2012–15)[35] Killed in action:[show] Hassan Aboud (Leader of Ahrar al-Sham)[36] Abu Khalid al-Suri (senior al-Qaeda Commander, founding member of Ahrar al-Sham)[37] Zahran Alloush (Islamic Front Military Chief) [35][38] Abu Mohammad al-Julani(Tahrir al-Sham commander)[39] Abu Jaber Shaykh(Tahrir al-Sham Shura council head) Abu Humam al-Shami (Guardians of Religion Organization commander, former al-Nusra Front military chief)[40] Killed in action:[show]  Abu Firas al-Suri (Spokesperson of al-Nusra Front)[41][42] Abu Hajer al-Homsi (al-Nusra Front military chief)[43] Muhsin al-Fadhli (Leader of Khorasan)[44] Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Leader of ISIL)[45] Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi(Deputy Leader) Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi(Leader of the Khalid ibn al-Walid Army, since 2016) Killed in action:[show] Haji Bakr (Former Deputy leader of ISIL and Head of Military Council)[46] Abu Ayman al-Iraqi (Former Head of Military Council)[47] Abu Ali al-Anbari (Deputy, Syria)[48] Abu Omar al-Shishani (War Minister)[49] Abu Umar al-Tunisi (Senior Leader)[50] Abu Sayyaf (Oil Minister)[51] Abu Muslim al-Turkmani (Deputy Leader)[52] Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi (Head of Military Council)[53] Gulmurod Khalimov (Minister of War) [54] Muhammad al-Baridi (Founder of Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade)[55] Riad Darar(Co-chairperson of the MSD) Îlham Ehmed(Co-chairperson of the MSD) Salih Muhammad (Co-President of the PYD) Asya Abdullah(Co-President of the PYD)  Sipan Hemo (Commander of the YPG) Stephen J. Townsend (Commander of CJTF-OIR)[56]
Strength Strength Strength
Free Syrian Army: 20,000-32,000[64](2013)Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[65][66](2014) Other groups: 12,500[67] (2015) Turkish Armed Forces: 4,000–8,000[68][69] Ahrar al-Sham: 18,000–20,000+[70][71] (March 2017) Tahrir al-Sham: 31,000[72] 15,000–20,000 (U.S. claim, late 2016)[73] 1,000 (U.S. claim, late 2017)[74] SDF: 50,000+[75][76] YPG and YPJ: 57,000–60,000[77][78] (most, not all, part of the SDF) Syriac Military Council (MFS): 2,000[79] Al-Sanadid Forces: 4,500+[80] SDF Military Councils: 10,000+[81][82][83]
Casualties and losses Casualties and losses Casualties and losses
125,399–166,399 fighters killed[f][84][85] 979 protesters killed[93]  Turkey:155 soldiers killed (2016–18 ground incursions)[94][95] 24,232+ killed (per SOHR)[96]20,711+ killed (per YPG and SAA)[97][98] DFNS:3,834 killed[99][100][101]  CJTF–OIR:7 killed[102]
106,390[84]–110,218[103] (3,284 foreign; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition 100 other foreign soldiers killed( 60, 17 (pre-'16), 16, 7) Total killed: 353,593–498,593 (March 2018 SOHR estimate)[84] 470,000 (February 2016 SCPR estimate)[104] Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate) Over 5,116,097 refugees (July 2017 registered by UNHCR)[105] a Since early 2013, the FSA has been decentralized with their name being arbitrarily used by various rebels. b Turkey has provided arms support to the rebels since 2011. Since Aug. 2016, Turkey has fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate against the SDF, ISIL and later the Syrian government. c Sep.–Nov. 2016, the U.S. fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL.[106][107] In 2017–18, the U.S. intentionally attacked the Syrian government 10 times, while in Sep. 2016 it accidentally hit a Syrian base, killing over 100 SAA soldiers. Syria maintains that this was an intentional attack.[108] d HTS's predecessor (the Al-Nusra Front) and ISIL's predecessor (ISI) were allied al-Qaeda branches until April 2013. An ISI-proposed merger of the two into ISIL was rejected by the Al-Nusra Front and al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014. e Syrian Liberation Front and Tahrir al-Sham's predecessor, the Al-Nusra Front, were allied under the Army of Conquest from March 2015 to January 2017. f Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.[109][84] 106,390[84]–110,218[103] (3,284 foreign; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition 100 other foreign soldiers killed( 60, 17 (pre-'16), 16, 7) Total killed: 353,593–498,593 (March 2018 SOHR estimate)[84] 470,000 (February 2016 SCPR estimate)[104] Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate) Over 5,116,097 refugees (July 2017 registered by UNHCR)[105] a Since early 2013, the FSA has been decentralized with their name being arbitrarily used by various rebels. b Turkey has provided arms support to the rebels since 2011. Since Aug. 2016, Turkey has fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate against the SDF, ISIL and later the Syrian government. c Sep.–Nov. 2016, the U.S. fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL.[106][107] In 2017–18, the U.S. intentionally attacked the Syrian government 10 times, while in Sep. 2016 it accidentally hit a Syrian base, killing over 100 SAA soldiers. Syria maintains that this was an intentional attack.[108] d HTS's predecessor (the Al-Nusra Front) and ISIL's predecessor (ISI) were allied al-Qaeda branches until April 2013. An ISI-proposed merger of the two into ISIL was rejected by the Al-Nusra Front and al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014. e Syrian Liberation Front and Tahrir al-Sham's predecessor, the Al-Nusra Front, were allied under the Army of Conquest from March 2015 to January 2017. f Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.[109][84] 106,390[84]–110,218[103] (3,284 foreign; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition 100 other foreign soldiers killed( 60, 17 (pre-'16), 16, 7) Total killed: 353,593–498,593 (March 2018 SOHR estimate)[84] 470,000 (February 2016 SCPR estimate)[104] Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate) Over 5,116,097 refugees (July 2017 registered by UNHCR)[105] a Since early 2013, the FSA has been decentralized with their name being arbitrarily used by various rebels. b Turkey has provided arms support to the rebels since 2011. Since Aug. 2016, Turkey has fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate against the SDF, ISIL and later the Syrian government. c Sep.–Nov. 2016, the U.S. fought alongside the TFSA in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL.[106][107] In 2017–18, the U.S. intentionally attacked the Syrian government 10 times, while in Sep. 2016 it accidentally hit a Syrian base, killing over 100 SAA soldiers. Syria maintains that this was an intentional attack.[108] d HTS's predecessor (the Al-Nusra Front) and ISIL's predecessor (ISI) were allied al-Qaeda branches until April 2013. An ISI-proposed merger of the two into ISIL was rejected by the Al-Nusra Front and al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014. e Syrian Liberation Front and Tahrir al-Sham's predecessor, the Al-Nusra Front, were allied under the Army of Conquest from March 2015 to January 2017. f Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.[109][84]

Questions about this table:
originalText: when did the civil war started in syria
answer: answerTexts: 15 March 2011