Left- and right-hand traffic

Table columns:
Country
Road traffic
Road switched sides
Multi-track rail traffic generally
Notes

Table rows:
cells: Afghanistan
RHT
RHT/LHT
Was LHT until the 1950s, in line with neighbouring British Raj and later Pakistan.[56]
cells: Albania
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Algeria
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Andorra
RHT[57]
cells: Angola
RHT[57]
1928
cells: Antigua and Barbuda
LHT[57]
cells: Argentina
RHT
10 June 1945
LHT
The anniversary on 10 June is still observed each year as Día de la Seguridad Vial (road safety day).[58] The Premetro and Metrotranvía Mendoza use RHT.
cells: Armenia
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Australia
LHT[59]
LHT
Commonwealth. Includes Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Norfolk Island
cells: Austria
RHT
1921 in Vorarlberg, 1930 in North Tyrol, 1935 in Carinthia and East Tyrol, 1938 in the rest of the country.
RHT[60]
Originally LHT, like most of former Austria-Hungary.
cells: Azerbaijan
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Bahamas
LHT[57]
In Bahamas LHD vehicles are common due to the import of used cars from nearby USA[61].
cells: Bahrain
RHT
1967
Former British protectorate. Switched to same side as neighbours.[62]
cells: Bangladesh
LHT[57]
LHT
cells: Barbados
LHT
cells: Belgium
RHT[57]
1899
LHT
The Brussels Metro uses RHT.
cells: Belarus
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Belize
RHT
1961[2]
Former British colony. Switched to same side as neighbours.
cells: Benin
RHT[57]
cells: Bhutan
LHT[57]
Under British protection before 1949.
cells: Bolivia
RHT[57]
cells: Botswana
LHT[57]
cells: Brazil
RHT
1928[57]
RHT
A Portuguese colony until the early 19th century, switched some states still using LHT[63] to RHT in 1928.[64] Most metro systems use RHT.
cells: Brunei
LHT[57]
cells: Bosnia and Herzegovina
RHT[57]
RHT[65]
Switched sides after the collapse of Austria-Hungary.
cells: Bulgaria
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Burkina Faso
RHT[57]
cells: Burundi
RHT
Considering switching to LHT[66] in line with neighbours Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.
cells: Cambodia
RHT
RHT implemented while part of French Indochina. RHD cars, many of which were smuggled from Thailand, were banned from 2001, even though they accounted for 80% of vehicles in the country.[67]
cells: Cameroon
RHT[57]
1961
cells: Canada
RHT
1920s
RHT
Territories now in Canada have always been RHT, except British Columbia, which changed to RHT in stages from 1920 to 1923,[68][69] and New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island which changed in 1922, 1923, and 1924 respectively.[70] Newfoundland and Labrador changed to RHT in 1947 while still a dominion of the British Empire, two years before joining Canada.[71]
cells: Cape Verde
RHT[57]
1928
cells: Central African Republic
RHT[57]
cells: Chad
RHT[57]
cells: Chile
RHT[57]
1916
LHT
The Santiago Metro uses RHT.
cells: China
RHT
1946
RHT/LHT
At one time, northern provinces were RHT due to American influence, while southern provinces were LHT due to British influence. LHT was uniform in the 1930s. Hong Kong and Macau are all on LHT.
cells: Colombia
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Comoros
RHT[57]
cells: Congo
RHT[57]
cells: Democratic Republic of Congo
RHT[57]
cells: Costa Rica
RHT[57]
cells: Côte d'Ivoire
RHT[57]
cells: Croatia
RHT[57]
RHT
Istria and Dalmatia were RHT, while Croatia-Slavonia was LHT when Croatia was part of Austria-Hungary [72]. The LHT regions switched to RHT on joining the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
cells: Cuba
RHT[57]
cells: Cyprus
LHT[57]
Former British colony.
cells: Czech Republic
RHT[57]
1939
RHT
Was LHT, like most of former Austria-Hungary, switched during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia.
cells: Denmark
RHT
RHT[73]
Includes Faroe Islands and Greenland
cells: Djibouti
RHT[57]
cells: Dominica
LHT[57]
Former British colony.
cells: Dominican Republic
RHT[57]
cells: East Timor
LHT
1976
Originally LHT, like its colonial power Portugal. Switched to RHT with Portugal in 1928.[2] Under the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, changed back to LHT in 1976.
cells: Ecuador
RHT[57]
LHT
The Quito Metro and Cuenca tram system will use RHT
cells: Egypt
RHT[57]
LHT
Road vehicles are RHT due to French influence, but railway system was built by British companies.
cells: El Salvador
RHT[57]
cells: Equatorial Guinea
RHT[57]
cells: Eritrea
RHT[57]
1964
cells: Estonia
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Ethiopia
RHT[57]
1964
LHT
The Addis Ababa Light Rail runs on the right.
cells: Fiji
LHT
cells: Finland
RHT
1858
RHT/LHT
Formerly ruled by LHT Sweden, switched to RHT as the Grand Duchy of Finland by Russian decree.[74] Majority of Helsinki commuter rail uses LHT.
cells: France
RHT
1792
LHT[75]/RHT
Includes French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna, French Guiana, Réunion, Saint Barthélemy, Collectivity of Saint Martin, Guadeloupe, Mayotte. Railways in Alsace and Lorraine use RHT as a former part of German Empire. CDGVAL uses RHT. Most metro systems use RHT, except for the Lyon Metro.
cells: Gabon
RHT[57]
cells: Gambia
RHT [57]
1965
cells: Georgia
RHT[57]
RHT
About 40% vehicles in Georgia are RHD due to low cost of used cars from Japan[76].
cells: Germany
RHT[77]
RHT
cells: Ghana
RHT
1974
Former British colony. When changing to RHT a Twi language slogan was "Nifa, Nifa Enan" or "Right, Right, Fourth".[78]
cells: Greece
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Grenada
LHT[57]
cells: Guatemala
RHT[57]
cells: Guinea
RHT[57]
cells: Guinea-Bissau
RHT[57]
1928
cells: Guyana
LHT[57]
cells: Haiti
RHT[57]
cells: Honduras
RHT[57]
cells: Hungary
RHT[57]
1941
RHT
Originally LHT, like most of Austria-Hungary.
cells: Iceland
RHT
1968
The day of the switch was known as H-dagurinn. Most passenger cars were already LHD.
cells: Iran
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Iraq
RHT[57]
LHT
cells: India
LHT[57]
LHT
Former British colony.
cells: Indonesia
LHT[59]
RHT[79]
Roads were built by British, but railways are RHT due to Netherlands influence. The Jakarta MRT will use LHT.
cells: Ireland
LHT[57]
LHT
Former British Dominion.
cells: Israel
RHT[57]
LHT
The Jerusalem Light Rail uses RHT.
cells: Italy
RHT
1920s
LHT
Until 1927 the countryside was RHT while cities were LHT.[80] Rome changed to RHT in 1924 and Milan in 1926. Alfa Romeo and Lancia did not produce LHD cars until as late as 1950 and 1953 respectively, as many drivers favoured the RHD layout even in RHT as this offered the driver a clearer view of the edge of the road in mountainous regions at a time when many such roads lacked barriers or walls.[81] The metro systems in Brescia, Genoa, Milan, and Turin use RHT, as well as all tram systems.
cells: Jamaica
LHT[57]
cells: Japan
LHT[82]
LHT
Post-World War II Okinawa was ruled by the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands and was RHT. It was returned to Japan in 1972 went LHT in 1978.[83] The conversion operation was known as 730 (Nana-San-Maru, which means Nana(7)-San(3)-Maru(0)). Okinawa is one of few places to have changed from RHT to LHT in the late 20th century.
cells: Jordan
RHT[57]
RHT, despite the Mandate for Palestine and the Transjordan memorandum being under British rule till 1946.
cells: Kazakhstan
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Kenya
LHT[84]
British colony until 1963.
cells: Kiribati
LHT[57]
cells: North Korea and South Korea
RHT
1946
LHT
Korea had been LHT because of the influence of Japan in the 1900s. Switched to RHT under Soviet and American occupation after 1945. Most metro systems in South Korea use RHT (exceptions include Seoul Subway Line 1 and the Bundang Line); metro system in Pyongyang uses a mixture of RHT and LHT.
cells: Kuwait
RHT[57]
cells: Kyrgyzstan
RHT
RHT
Former part of RHT Soviet Union. In 2012, over 20,000 cheaper used RHD cars were imported from Japan.[85]
cells: Laos
RHT[57]
LHT
RHT implemented while part of French Indochina.
cells: Latvia
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Lebanon
RHT[57]
Former French mandate.
cells: Lesotho
LHT[57]
cells: Liberia
RHT[57]
cells: Libya
RHT[57]
cells: Liechtenstein
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Lithuania
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Luxembourg
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Macedonia
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Madagascar
RHT[57]
cells: Malawi
LHT[57]
cells: Malaysia
LHT[57]
LHT
Former British colony.
cells: Maldives
LHT[57]
cells: Mali
RHT[57]
cells: Malta
LHT[57]
British colony until 1964.
cells: Marshall Islands
RHT[57]
cells: Mauritania
RHT
Mining roads between Fdérik and Zouérat are LHT.[86]
cells: Mauritius
LHT[57]
Former British colony. Island nation.
cells: Mexico
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Micronesia
RHT [57]
cells: Moldova
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Monaco
RHT[57]
LHT
cells: Mongolia
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Montenegro
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Morocco
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Mozambique
LHT[87]
LHT
cells: Myanmar
RHT
1970
LHT
Much of infrastructure still geared to LHT, most cars are pre-owned RHD vehicles, imported from Japan.[88]
cells: Netherlands
RHT
1906[89]
RHT
Rotterdam was LHT until 1917.[90] Includes Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Aruba
cells: Namibia
LHT
1918
RHT as a German colony. After South Africa occupied German South-West Africa during World War I, switched to LHT.[2] South-West Africa was made a South African mandate by the League of Nations, and the new rule of the road was established in law.[91]
cells: Nauru
LHT[57]
1918
cells: Nepal
LHT[92]
cells: New Zealand
LHT[59]
LHT
Includes territories Niue and Cook Islands
cells: Nicaragua
RHT[57]
cells: Niger
RHT[57]
cells: Nigeria
RHT
1972[93]
LHT
Former British colony. Switched to RHT as it is surrounded by former French RHT colonies.
cells: Norway
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Oman
RHT
Not a party to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and bans all foreign-registered RHD vehicles.[94]
cells: Palau
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Palestine
RHT[57]
cells: Pakistan
LHT[57]
LHT
cells: Panama
RHT
1943[95]
cells: Papua New Guinea
LHT[57]
cells: Paraguay
RHT
1945[96]
cells: Peru
RHT[57]
LHT
cells: Philippines
RHT
1946[37]
RHT
LHT up until the Battle of Manila in 1945
cells: Poland
RHT
RHT
Partitions of Poland belonging to the German Empire and the Russian Empire were RHT. Partitions that were part of Austria-Hungary were LHT and changed to RHT in the 1920s.[97]
cells: Portugal
RHT[59]
1928
LHT
Colonies Goa, Macau and Mozambique, which had land borders with LHT countries, did not switch and continue to drive on the left.[87] The Porto Metro uses RHT.
cells: Qatar
RHT[57]
cells: Romania
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Russia
RHT[57]
RHT
In the Russian Far East RHD vehicles are common due to the import of used cars from nearby Japan.[98] Railway between Moscow and Ryazan is LHT. Sormovskaya line in Nizhny Novgorod Metro also uses LHT.
cells: Rwanda
RHT[66]
Former Belgian mandate. Considering switching to LHT[66][99] like its neighbours Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.
cells: Saint Kitts and Nevis
LHT
cells: Saint Lucia
LHT
cells: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
LHT
cells: Samoa
LHT
2009
Switched to LHT to allow the import of cars more cheaply from Australia, New Zealand and Japan.[59]
cells: San Marino
RHT[57]
cells: São Tomé and Príncipe
RHT[57]
1928
cells: Saudi Arabia
RHT[57]
LHT
The Makkah Metro uses RHT.
cells: Senegal
RHT[57]
cells: Serbia
RHT[57]
RHT
Vojvodina was LHT while part of Austria-Hungary.
cells: Seychelles
LHT[57]
cells: Sierra Leone
RHT
1971[100]
Importation of RHD vehicles was banned in 2013.[101]
cells: Singapore
LHT[57]
LHT
Former British colony.
cells: Slovakia
RHT[57]
1939–41
RHT
cells: Slovenia
RHT[57]
LHT
cells: Solomon Islands
LHT[57]
cells: Somalia
RHT
1968[102]
cells: South Africa
LHT[103][104]
LHT
Former British colony.
cells: South Sudan
RHT
1973
Was LHT during the period of British colonial rule. Split from Sudan in 2011 after the majority of the population voted for independence.
cells: Spain
RHT
1924
RHT
Up to the 1920s Barcelona was RHT, and Madrid was LHT until 1924. The Madrid and Bilbao metro systems use LHT.[105]
cells: Sri Lanka
LHT[57]
LHT
Former British Colony.
cells: Sudan
RHT[57]
1973
Former British Colony.
cells: Suriname
LHT[57]
cells: Swaziland
LHT[57]
cells: Sweden
RHT[57]
3 September 1967
LHT
The day of the switch was known as Dagen H. Most passenger cars were already LHD. The tram systems in Gothenburg and Norrköping use RHT; the tram system in Stockholm is RHT except Lidingö Line.[106] The railways in Malmö uses RHT due to the connection to Denmark.
cells: Switzerland
RHT[57]
LHT
The tram system in Zurich and the Lausanne Metro use RHT.
cells: Syria
RHT[57]
cells: Taiwan
RHT
1946
LHT
Was LHT during the period of Japanese rule. The government of the Republic of China changed Taiwan to RHT in 1946 along with the rest of China.[107] Most metro systems use RHT.
cells: Tajikistan
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Tanzania
LHT[57]
cells: Thailand
LHT[59]
LHT
One of the few LHT countries not a former British colony. Shares long land border with RHT Laos and Cambodia.
cells: Togo
RHT[57]
cells: Tonga
LHT[57]
cells: Trinidad and Tobago
LHT[108]
Former British colony.
cells: Tunisia
RHT[57]
LHT
French RHT was enforced in the French protectorate of Tunisia from 1881.
cells: Turkey
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Turkmenistan
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Tuvalu
LHT[57]
cells: Uganda
LHT[57]
cells: Ukraine
RHT
1922[97]
RHT
West Ukraine was LHT, like most of former Austria-Hungary. Carpathian Ruthenia remained LHT as part of Czechoslovakia before switching in 1941 as part of Hungary. The rest of Ukraine, having been part of the Russian Empire, already drove on the right. Some sections of Kryvyi Rih Metrotram use LHT due to tramcars have doors only on right side, which makes it impossible to use RHT at stations with island platforms[109].
cells: United Arab Emirates
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: United Kingdom
LHT (Mainland UK) RHT (Gibraltar)
LHT
Includes Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories Isle of Man, Guernsey, Jersey, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha are all left hand drive. Gibraltar has been RHT since 1929 because of its land border with Spain.[110] The Channel Islands (Jersey and Guernsey) drove on the right under German occupation until their liberation in 1945.[111] The Falkland Islands similarly drove on the right during their occupation by Argentina in 1982.[112]
cells: United States
RHT LHT (U.S. Virgin Islands)
RHT/LHT[113]
Includes American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico. U.S. Virgin Islands is LHT, like much of the Caribbean.
cells: Uruguay
RHT[96]
1945
LHT
Became LHT in 1918, but as in some other countries in South America, changed to RHT on 2 September 1945. A speed limit of 30 km/h (19 mph) was observed until 30 September for safety.
cells: Uzbekistan
RHT[57]
RHT
cells: Vanuatu
RHT[114]
cells: Venezuela
RHT[57]
LHT
The Caracas Metro uses RHT.
cells: Vietnam
RHT[57]
LHT
Became RHT as French Indochina.
cells: Yemen
RHT
1977[2]
South Yemen, formerly the British colony of Aden, changed to RHT 1977. A series of postage stamps commemorating the event was issued.[115] North Yemen was already RHT.
cells: Zambia
LHT[57]
cells: Zimbabwe
LHT
LHT
Former British colony. In 2010 the government attempted to ban LHD vehicles.[116]

Questions about this table:
originalText: when did canada switch to driving on the right
answer: answerTexts: 1920s