给出一组计算机科学中常见的术语和简短的描述，这些术语对于初学者来说很难理解。
1. Algorithm（算法）- A set of instructions that solves a specific problem or accomplishes a specific task.
2. Compiler（编译器）- A program that translates source code written in a high-level language into machine code that can be run by a computer.
3. Debugging（调试）- The process of identifying and fixing errors, or bugs, in computer programs.
4. Data structure（数据结构）- A way of organizing and storing data in a computer program, such as a list, queue, stack, or tree.
5. API（应用程序编程接口）- A set of protocols and tools used for building software applications by specifying how software components should interact.
6. Encryption（加密）- The process of converting data into a coded form to prevent unauthorized access or theft.
7. Recursion（递归）- A programming technique in which a function calls itself to solve a problem.
8. Kernel（内核）- The core component of an operating system that manages resources, such as memory and CPU time.
9. Machine learning（机器学习）- A branch of artificial intelligence in which computer programs learn from data and improve their performance without being explicitly programmed.
10. Object-oriented programming（面向对象编程）- A programming paradigm in which data and behavior are organized into objects that interact with one another.