; LLVM IR from MostafaTwfiq/C-DataStructures-And-Algorithms :: DataStructure/Strings/Sources (String)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%struct.String = type { ptr, i32, i32 }

@stderr = external global ptr, align 8
@.str.2 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [22 x i8], align 1
@.str.4 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8], align 1
@.str.5 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [13 x i8], align 1
@.str.6 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [31 x i8], align 1
@.str.7 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [35 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: nounwind
declare i32 @fprintf(ptr noundef, ptr noundef, ...) #0

; Function Attrs: noreturn nounwind
declare void @exit(i32 noundef) #1

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
define dso_local void @stringAppendChar(ptr noundef %0, i8 noundef signext %1) #2 {
  %3 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %4 = alloca i8, align 1
  store ptr %0, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i8 %1, ptr %4, align 1, !tbaa !9
  %5 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %6 = icmp eq ptr %5, null
  br i1 %6, label %7, label %10

7:                                                ; preds = %2
  %8 = load ptr, ptr @stderr, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %9 = call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr noundef %8, ptr noundef @.str.6, ptr noundef @.str.4, ptr noundef @.str.2) #4
  call void @exit(i32 noundef -83386157) #5
  unreachable

10:                                               ; preds = %2
  %11 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %11, i32 0, i32 1
  %13 = load i32, ptr %12, align 8, !tbaa !10
  %14 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %15 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %14, i32 0, i32 2
  %16 = load i32, ptr %15, align 4, !tbaa !13
  %17 = icmp eq i32 %13, %16
  br i1 %17, label %18, label %43

18:                                               ; preds = %10
  %19 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %20 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %19, i32 0, i32 2
  %21 = load i32, ptr %20, align 4, !tbaa !13
  %22 = mul nsw i32 %21, 2
  store i32 %22, ptr %20, align 4, !tbaa !13
  %23 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %24 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %23, i32 0, i32 0
  %25 = load ptr, ptr %24, align 8, !tbaa !14
  %26 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %27 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %26, i32 0, i32 2
  %28 = load i32, ptr %27, align 4, !tbaa !13
  %29 = add nsw i32 %28, 1
  %30 = sext i32 %29 to i64
  %31 = mul i64 1, %30
  %32 = call ptr @realloc(ptr noundef %25, i64 noundef %31) #6
  %33 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %34 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %33, i32 0, i32 0
  store ptr %32, ptr %34, align 8, !tbaa !14
  %35 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %36 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %35, i32 0, i32 0
  %37 = load ptr, ptr %36, align 8, !tbaa !14
  %38 = icmp eq ptr %37, null
  br i1 %38, label %39, label %42

39:                                               ; preds = %18
  %40 = load ptr, ptr @stderr, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %41 = call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr noundef %40, ptr noundef @.str.7, ptr noundef @.str.5, ptr noundef @.str.2) #4
  call void @exit(i32 noundef -833814245) #5
  unreachable

42:                                               ; preds = %18
  br label %43

43:                                               ; preds = %42, %10
  %44 = load i8, ptr %4, align 1, !tbaa !9
  %45 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %46 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %45, i32 0, i32 0
  %47 = load ptr, ptr %46, align 8, !tbaa !14
  %48 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %49 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %48, i32 0, i32 1
  %50 = load i32, ptr %49, align 8, !tbaa !10
  %51 = add nsw i32 %50, 1
  store i32 %51, ptr %49, align 8, !tbaa !10
  %52 = sext i32 %50 to i64
  %53 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %47, i64 %52
  store i8 %44, ptr %53, align 1, !tbaa !9
  %54 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %55 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %54, i32 0, i32 0
  %56 = load ptr, ptr %55, align 8, !tbaa !14
  %57 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %58 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.String, ptr %57, i32 0, i32 1
  %59 = load i32, ptr %58, align 8, !tbaa !10
  %60 = sext i32 %59 to i64
  %61 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %56, i64 %60
  store i8 0, ptr %61, align 1, !tbaa !9
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: nounwind allocsize(1)
declare ptr @realloc(ptr noundef, i64 noundef) #3

attributes #0 = { nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { noreturn nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind allocsize(1) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nounwind }
attributes #5 = { noreturn nounwind }
attributes #6 = { nounwind allocsize(1) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!7, !7, i64 0}
!10 = !{!11, !12, i64 8}
!11 = !{!"String", !6, i64 0, !12, i64 8, !12, i64 12}
!12 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!13 = !{!11, !12, i64 12}
!14 = !{!11, !6, i64 0}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

@stderr = external local_unnamed_addr global ptr, align 8
@.str.2 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [22 x i8], align 1
@.str.4 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [7 x i8], align 1
@.str.5 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [13 x i8], align 1
@.str.6 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [31 x i8], align 1
@.str.7 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [35 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: nofree nounwind
declare noundef i32 @fprintf(ptr nocapture noundef, ptr nocapture noundef readonly, ...) local_unnamed_addr #0

; Function Attrs: noreturn nounwind
declare void @exit(i32 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #1

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
define dso_local void @stringAppendChar(ptr noundef %0, i8 noundef signext %1) local_unnamed_addr #2 {
  %3 = icmp eq ptr %0, null
  br i1 %3, label %4, label %7

4:                                                ; preds = %2
  %5 = load ptr, ptr @stderr, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %6 = tail call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr noundef %5, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.6, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.4, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.2) #4
  tail call void @exit(i32 noundef -83386157) #5
  unreachable

7:                                                ; preds = %2
  %8 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %0, i64 8
  %9 = load i32, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %10 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %0, i64 12
  %11 = load i32, ptr %10, align 4, !tbaa !12
  %12 = icmp eq i32 %9, %11
  %.pre = load ptr, ptr %0, align 8, !tbaa !13
  br i1 %12, label %13, label %22

13:                                               ; preds = %7
  %14 = shl nsw i32 %9, 1
  store i32 %14, ptr %10, align 4, !tbaa !12
  %15 = or disjoint i32 %14, 1
  %16 = sext i32 %15 to i64
  %17 = tail call ptr @realloc(ptr noundef %.pre, i64 noundef %16) #6
  store ptr %17, ptr %0, align 8, !tbaa !13
  %18 = icmp eq ptr %17, null
  br i1 %18, label %19, label %._crit_edge

._crit_edge:                                      ; preds = %13
  %.pre13 = load i32, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  br label %22

19:                                               ; preds = %13
  %20 = load ptr, ptr @stderr, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %21 = tail call i32 (ptr, ptr, ...) @fprintf(ptr noundef %20, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.7, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.5, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.2) #4
  tail call void @exit(i32 noundef -833814245) #5
  unreachable

22:                                               ; preds = %._crit_edge, %7
  %23 = phi i32 [ %.pre13, %._crit_edge ], [ %9, %7 ]
  %24 = phi ptr [ %17, %._crit_edge ], [ %.pre, %7 ]
  %25 = add nsw i32 %23, 1
  store i32 %25, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %26 = sext i32 %23 to i64
  %27 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %24, i64 %26
  store i8 %1, ptr %27, align 1, !tbaa !14
  %28 = load ptr, ptr %0, align 8, !tbaa !13
  %29 = load i32, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %30 = sext i32 %29 to i64
  %31 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %28, i64 %30
  store i8 0, ptr %31, align 1, !tbaa !14
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind willreturn allockind("realloc") allocsize(1) memory(argmem: readwrite, inaccessiblemem: readwrite)
declare noalias noundef ptr @realloc(ptr allocptr nocapture noundef, i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #3

attributes #0 = { nofree nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { noreturn nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nounwind willreturn allockind("realloc") allocsize(1) memory(argmem: readwrite, inaccessiblemem: readwrite) "alloc-family"="malloc" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { cold nounwind }
attributes #5 = { noreturn nounwind }
attributes #6 = { nounwind allocsize(1) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !11, i64 8}
!10 = !{!"String", !6, i64 0, !11, i64 8, !11, i64 12}
!11 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!12 = !{!10, !11, i64 12}
!13 = !{!10, !6, i64 0}
!14 = !{!7, !7, i64 0}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass