; LLVM IR from TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus :: divide_and_conquer (karatsuba_algorithm_for_fast_multiplication)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }
%"class.std::allocator" = type { i8 }

@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_ZN18divide_and_conquer19karatsuba_algorithm11safe_substrERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEElll(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1, i64 noundef %2, i64 noundef %3, i64 noundef %4) #2 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %6 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %7 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %8 = alloca i64, align 8
  %9 = alloca i64, align 8
  %10 = alloca i64, align 8
  %11 = alloca i64, align 8
  %12 = alloca i32, align 4
  %13 = alloca i64, align 8
  %14 = alloca i64, align 8
  %15 = alloca %"class.std::allocator", align 1
  %16 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %17 = alloca i32, align 4
  store ptr %0, ptr %6, align 8
  store ptr %1, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i64 %2, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  store i64 %3, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !9
  store i64 %4, ptr %10, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %11) #3
  %18 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %19 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %18) #3
  store i64 %19, ptr %11, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %20 = load i64, ptr %11, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %21 = load i64, ptr %10, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %22 = icmp sge i64 %20, %21
  br i1 %22, label %23, label %27

23:                                               ; preds = %5
  %24 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %25 = load i64, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %26 = load i64, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %24, i64 noundef %25, i64 noundef %26)
  store i32 1, ptr %12, align 4
  br label %61

27:                                               ; preds = %5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %13) #3
  %28 = load i64, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %29 = load i64, ptr %10, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %30 = load i64, ptr %11, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %31 = sub nsw i64 %29, %30
  %32 = sub nsw i64 %28, %31
  store i64 %32, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %14) #3
  %33 = load i64, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %34 = load i64, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %35 = add nsw i64 %33, %34
  %36 = sub nsw i64 %35, 1
  %37 = load i64, ptr %10, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %38 = load i64, ptr %11, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %39 = sub nsw i64 %37, %38
  %40 = sub nsw i64 %36, %39
  store i64 %40, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %41 = load i64, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %42 = icmp slt i64 %41, 0
  br i1 %42, label %43, label %49

43:                                               ; preds = %27
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 1, ptr %15) #3
  call void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %15) #3
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, ptr noundef @.str, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %15)
          to label %44 unwind label %45

44:                                               ; preds = %43
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %15) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr %15) #3
  store i32 1, ptr %12, align 4
  br label %60

45:                                               ; preds = %43
  %46 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %47 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %46, 0
  store ptr %47, ptr %16, align 8
  %48 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %46, 1
  store i32 %48, ptr %17, align 4
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %15) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr %15) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %14) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %13) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %11) #3
  br label %62

49:                                               ; preds = %27
  %50 = load i64, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %51 = icmp slt i64 %50, 0
  br i1 %51, label %52, label %56

52:                                               ; preds = %49
  %53 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %54 = load i64, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %55 = add nsw i64 %54, 1
  call void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %53, i64 noundef 0, i64 noundef %55)
  store i32 1, ptr %12, align 4
  br label %60

56:                                               ; preds = %49
  %57 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %58 = load i64, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %59 = load i64, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %57, i64 noundef %58, i64 noundef %59)
  store i32 1, ptr %12, align 4
  br label %60

60:                                               ; preds = %56, %52, %44
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %14) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %13) #3
  br label %61

61:                                               ; preds = %60, %23
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %11) #3
  ret void

62:                                               ; preds = %45
  %63 = load ptr, ptr %16, align 8
  %64 = load i32, ptr %17, align 4
  %65 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } poison, ptr %63, 0
  %66 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } %65, i32 %64, 1
  resume { ptr, i32 } %66
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), i64 noundef, i64 noundef) #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #1 align 2

attributes #0 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"long", !7, i64 0}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }
%"class.std::allocator" = type { i8 }

@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) local_unnamed_addr #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_ZN18divide_and_conquer19karatsuba_algorithm11safe_substrERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEElll(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1, i64 noundef %2, i64 noundef %3, i64 noundef %4) local_unnamed_addr #2 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %6 = alloca %"class.std::allocator", align 1
  %7 = tail call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1) #3
  %.not = icmp slt i64 %7, %4
  br i1 %.not, label %9, label %8

8:                                                ; preds = %5
  tail call void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1, i64 noundef %2, i64 noundef %3)
  br label %24

9:                                                ; preds = %5
  %10 = sub nsw i64 %4, %7
  %11 = sub nsw i64 %2, %10
  %12 = add nsw i64 %3, %2
  %13 = sub i64 %10, %12
  %14 = icmp sgt i64 %13, -1
  br i1 %14, label %15, label %19

15:                                               ; preds = %9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 1, ptr nonnull %6) #3
  call void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %6) #3
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, ptr noundef nonnull @.str, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %6)
          to label %16 unwind label %17

16:                                               ; preds = %15
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %6) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr nonnull %6) #3
  br label %24

17:                                               ; preds = %15
  %18 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %6) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr nonnull %6) #3
  resume { ptr, i32 } %18

19:                                               ; preds = %9
  %20 = icmp slt i64 %11, 0
  br i1 %20, label %21, label %23

21:                                               ; preds = %19
  %22 = sub i64 %12, %10
  tail call void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1, i64 noundef 0, i64 noundef %22)
  br label %24

23:                                               ; preds = %19
  tail call void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8 %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1, i64 noundef %11, i64 noundef %3)
  br label %24

24:                                               ; preds = %16, %21, %23, %8
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6substrEmm(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias writable sret(%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string") align 8, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), i64 noundef, i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #1 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,ReassociatePass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass