; LLVM IR from next-step-for-interview-prep/Coding-Ninjas-DSA-course_code_and_notes_cpp :: 1/0000000000000350/TreeUse.ll (Z8preorderP8TreeNodeIiE)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }
%class.TreeNode = type { i32, %"class.std::vector" }
%"class.std::vector" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base<TreeNode<int> *, std::allocator<TreeNode<int> *>>::_Vector_impl" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base<TreeNode<int> *, std::allocator<TreeNode<int> *>>::_Vector_impl" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base<TreeNode<int> *, std::allocator<TreeNode<int> *>>::_Vector_impl_data" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base<TreeNode<int> *, std::allocator<TreeNode<int> *>>::_Vector_impl_data" = type { ptr, ptr, ptr }

@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8
@.str.7 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #0

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef) #1

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i32 noundef) #2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef i64 @_ZNKSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24), i64 noundef) #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z8preorderP8TreeNodeIiE(ptr noundef %0) #4 {
  %2 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %3 = alloca i32, align 4
  store ptr %0, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %4 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %5 = icmp eq ptr %4, null
  br i1 %5, label %6, label %7

6:                                                ; preds = %1
  br label %31

7:                                                ; preds = %1
  %8 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %class.TreeNode, ptr %8, i32 0, i32 0
  %10 = load i32, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %11 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i32 noundef %10)
  %12 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %11, ptr noundef @.str.7)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %3) #5
  store i32 0, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !16
  br label %13

13:                                               ; preds = %28, %7
  %14 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !16
  %15 = sext i32 %14 to i64
  %16 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %17 = getelementptr inbounds %class.TreeNode, ptr %16, i32 0, i32 1
  %18 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %17) #5
  %19 = icmp ult i64 %15, %18
  br i1 %19, label %21, label %20

20:                                               ; preds = %13
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %3) #5
  br label %31

21:                                               ; preds = %13
  %22 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %23 = getelementptr inbounds %class.TreeNode, ptr %22, i32 0, i32 1
  %24 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !16
  %25 = sext i32 %24 to i64
  %26 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %23, i64 noundef %25) #5
  %27 = load ptr, ptr %26, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @_Z8preorderP8TreeNodeIiE(ptr noundef %27)
  br label %28

28:                                               ; preds = %21
  %29 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !16
  %30 = add nsw i32 %29, 1
  store i32 %30, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !16
  br label %13, !llvm.loop !17

31:                                               ; preds = %20, %6
  ret void
}

attributes #0 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #1 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !11, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"_ZTS8TreeNodeIiE", !11, i64 0, !12, i64 8}
!11 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!12 = !{!"_ZTSSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE", !13, i64 0}
!13 = !{!"_ZTSSt12_Vector_baseIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE", !14, i64 0}
!14 = !{!"_ZTSNSt12_Vector_baseIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE12_Vector_implE", !15, i64 0}
!15 = !{!"_ZTSNSt12_Vector_baseIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE17_Vector_impl_dataE", !6, i64 0, !6, i64 8, !6, i64 16}
!16 = !{!11, !11, i64 0}
!17 = distinct !{!17, !18}
!18 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }

@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8
@.str.7 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef) local_unnamed_addr #0

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i32 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef i64 @_ZNKSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) local_unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24), i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z8preorderP8TreeNodeIiE(ptr noundef %0) local_unnamed_addr #3 {
  %2 = icmp eq ptr %0, null
  br i1 %2, label %.loopexit, label %3

3:                                                ; preds = %1
  %4 = load i32, ptr %0, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %5 = tail call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i32 noundef %4)
  %6 = tail call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %5, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.7)
  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %0, i64 8
  %8 = tail call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %7) #4
  %.not = icmp eq i64 %8, 0
  br i1 %.not, label %.loopexit, label %.lr.ph

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %3, %.lr.ph
  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ %indvars.iv.next, %.lr.ph ], [ 0, %3 ]
  %9 = tail call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %7, i64 noundef %indvars.iv) #4
  %10 = load ptr, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !15
  tail call void @_Z8preorderP8TreeNodeIiE(ptr noundef %10)
  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
  %11 = tail call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE4sizeEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %7) #4
  %12 = icmp ugt i64 %11, %indvars.iv.next
  br i1 %12, label %.lr.ph, label %.loopexit, !llvm.loop !16

.loopexit:                                        ; preds = %.lr.ph, %3, %1
  ret void
}

attributes #0 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !7, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"_ZTS8TreeNodeIiE", !7, i64 0, !10, i64 8}
!7 = !{!"int", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"omnipotent char", !9, i64 0}
!9 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!10 = !{!"_ZTSSt6vectorIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE", !11, i64 0}
!11 = !{!"_ZTSSt12_Vector_baseIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE", !12, i64 0}
!12 = !{!"_ZTSNSt12_Vector_baseIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE12_Vector_implE", !13, i64 0}
!13 = !{!"_ZTSNSt12_Vector_baseIP8TreeNodeIiESaIS2_EE17_Vector_impl_dataE", !14, i64 0, !14, i64 8, !14, i64 16}
!14 = !{!"any pointer", !8, i64 0}
!15 = !{!14, !14, i64 0}
!16 = distinct !{!16, !17}
!17 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GlobalOptPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,JumpThreadingPass,LICMPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass