; LLVM IR from next-step-for-interview-prep/Coding-Ninjas-DSA-course_code_and_notes_cpp :: Milestone-2=Intro_to_C++/questions and solutions/Lec-8=Arrays (Sort_0&1)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_istream" = type { ptr, i64, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }
%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }

@_ZSt3cin = external global %"class.std::basic_istream", align 8
@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8
@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [18 x i8], align 1
@.str.1 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_Z16sortZeroesAndOnePii(ptr noundef, i32 noundef) #0

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress norecurse uwtable
define dso_local noundef i32 @main(i32 noundef %0, ptr noundef %1) #2 {
  %3 = alloca i32, align 4
  %4 = alloca i32, align 4
  %5 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %6 = alloca i32, align 4
  %7 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %8 = alloca i32, align 4
  %9 = alloca i32, align 4
  store i32 0, ptr %3, align 4
  store i32 %0, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !5
  store ptr %1, ptr %5, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %6) #8
  %10 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) @_ZSt3cin, ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) %6)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %7) #8
  %11 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %12 = sext i32 %11 to i64
  %13 = call { i64, i1 } @llvm.umul.with.overflow.i64(i64 %12, i64 4)
  %14 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %13, 1
  %15 = extractvalue { i64, i1 } %13, 0
  %16 = select i1 %14, i64 -1, i64 %15
  %17 = call noalias noundef nonnull ptr @_Znam(i64 noundef %16) #9
  store ptr %17, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %8) #8
  store i32 0, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %18

18:                                               ; preds = %29, %2
  %19 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %20 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %21 = icmp slt i32 %19, %20
  br i1 %21, label %23, label %22

22:                                               ; preds = %18
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %8) #8
  br label %32

23:                                               ; preds = %18
  %24 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %25 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %26 = sext i32 %25 to i64
  %27 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %24, i64 %26
  %28 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) @_ZSt3cin, ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) %27)
  br label %29

29:                                               ; preds = %23
  %30 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %31 = add nsw i32 %30, 1
  store i32 %31, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %18, !llvm.loop !11

32:                                               ; preds = %22
  %33 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %34 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4, !tbaa !5
  call void @_Z16sortZeroesAndOnePii(ptr noundef %33, i32 noundef %34)
  %35 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, ptr noundef @.str)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %9) #8
  store i32 0, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %36

36:                                               ; preds = %49, %32
  %37 = load i32, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %38 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %39 = icmp slt i32 %37, %38
  br i1 %39, label %41, label %40

40:                                               ; preds = %36
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %9) #8
  br label %52

41:                                               ; preds = %36
  %42 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %43 = load i32, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %44 = sext i32 %43 to i64
  %45 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %42, i64 %44
  %46 = load i32, ptr %45, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %47 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i32 noundef %46)
  %48 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %47, ptr noundef @.str.1)
  br label %49

49:                                               ; preds = %41
  %50 = load i32, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %51 = add nsw i32 %50, 1
  store i32 %51, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %36, !llvm.loop !13

52:                                               ; preds = %40
  %53 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %54 = icmp eq ptr %53, null
  br i1 %54, label %56, label %55

55:                                               ; preds = %52
  call void @_ZdaPv(ptr noundef %53) #10
  br label %56

56:                                               ; preds = %55, %52
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %7) #8
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %6) #8
  ret i32 0
}

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16), ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4)) #3

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none)
declare { i64, i1 } @llvm.umul.with.overflow.i64(i64, i64) #4

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin allocsize(0)
declare noundef nonnull ptr @_Znam(i64 noundef) #5

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef) #6

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i32 noundef) #3

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin nounwind
declare void @_ZdaPv(ptr noundef) #7

attributes #0 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress norecurse uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none) }
attributes #5 = { nobuiltin allocsize(0) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #6 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #7 = { nobuiltin nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #8 = { nounwind }
attributes #9 = { builtin allocsize(0) }
attributes #10 = { builtin nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !12}
!12 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!13 = distinct !{!13, !12}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_istream" = type { ptr, i64, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }
%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }

@_ZSt3cin = external global %"class.std::basic_istream", align 8
@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8
@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [18 x i8], align 1
@.str.1 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_Z16sortZeroesAndOnePii(ptr noundef, i32 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress norecurse uwtable
define dso_local noundef i32 @main(i32 noundef %0, ptr nocapture noundef readnone %1) local_unnamed_addr #2 {
  %3 = alloca i32, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr nonnull %3) #7
  %4 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) @_ZSt3cin, ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) %3)
  %5 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %6 = sext i32 %5 to i64
  %7 = icmp slt i32 %5, 0
  %8 = shl nsw i64 %6, 2
  %9 = select i1 %7, i64 -1, i64 %8
  %10 = call noalias noundef nonnull ptr @_Znam(i64 noundef %9) #8
  %11 = icmp sgt i32 %5, 0
  br i1 %11, label %.lr.ph, label %._crit_edge

._crit_edge:                                      ; preds = %.lr.ph, %2
  %.lcssa = phi i32 [ %5, %2 ], [ %17, %.lr.ph ]
  call void @_Z16sortZeroesAndOnePii(ptr noundef nonnull %10, i32 noundef %.lcssa)
  %12 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, ptr noundef nonnull @.str)
  %13 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %14 = icmp sgt i32 %13, 0
  br i1 %14, label %.lr.ph14, label %._crit_edge15

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %2, %.lr.ph
  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ %indvars.iv.next, %.lr.ph ], [ 0, %2 ]
  %15 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %10, i64 %indvars.iv
  %16 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) @_ZSt3cin, ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) %15)
  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
  %17 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %18 = sext i32 %17 to i64
  %19 = icmp slt i64 %indvars.iv.next, %18
  br i1 %19, label %.lr.ph, label %._crit_edge, !llvm.loop !9

.lr.ph14:                                         ; preds = %._crit_edge, %.lr.ph14
  %indvars.iv18 = phi i64 [ %indvars.iv.next19, %.lr.ph14 ], [ 0, %._crit_edge ]
  %20 = getelementptr inbounds i32, ptr %10, i64 %indvars.iv18
  %21 = load i32, ptr %20, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %22 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i32 noundef %21)
  %23 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %22, ptr noundef nonnull @.str.1)
  %indvars.iv.next19 = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv18, 1
  %24 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %25 = sext i32 %24 to i64
  %26 = icmp slt i64 %indvars.iv.next19, %25
  br i1 %26, label %.lr.ph14, label %._crit_edge15, !llvm.loop !11

._crit_edge15:                                    ; preds = %.lr.ph14, %._crit_edge
  call void @_ZdaPv(ptr noundef nonnull %10) #9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr nonnull %3) #7
  ret i32 0
}

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16), ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4)) local_unnamed_addr #3

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin allocsize(0)
declare noundef nonnull ptr @_Znam(i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #4

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef) local_unnamed_addr #5

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i32 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #3

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin nounwind
declare void @_ZdaPv(ptr noundef) local_unnamed_addr #6

attributes #0 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress norecurse uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nobuiltin allocsize(0) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #6 = { nobuiltin nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #7 = { nounwind }
attributes #8 = { builtin allocsize(0) }
attributes #9 = { builtin nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = distinct !{!9, !10}
!10 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !10}


; Effective O3 passes: CorrelatedValuePropagationPass,EarlyCSEPass,GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,InstSimplifyPass,JumpThreadingPass,LCSSAPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,PostOrderFunctionAttrsPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass