; LLVM IR from next-step-for-interview-prep/Coding-Ninjas-DSA-course_code_and_notes_cpp :: Milestone-1=Intro_to_C++/questions and solutions/Lec-6=Operators_and_for-loop/Decim_a51e2345 (Z11decToBinaryi)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }

@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z11decToBinaryi(i32 noundef %0) #0 {
  %2 = alloca i32, align 4
  %3 = alloca [32 x i32], align 16
  %4 = alloca i32, align 4
  %5 = alloca i32, align 4
  store i32 %0, ptr %2, align 4, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 128, ptr %3) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %4) #3
  store i32 0, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %6

6:                                                ; preds = %9, %1
  %7 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %8 = icmp sgt i32 %7, 0
  br i1 %8, label %9, label %19

9:                                                ; preds = %6
  %10 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %11 = srem i32 %10, 2
  %12 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %13 = sext i32 %12 to i64
  %14 = getelementptr inbounds [32 x i32], ptr %3, i64 0, i64 %13
  store i32 %11, ptr %14, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %15 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %16 = sdiv i32 %15, 2
  store i32 %16, ptr %2, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %17 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %18 = add nsw i32 %17, 1
  store i32 %18, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %6, !llvm.loop !9

19:                                               ; preds = %6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #3
  %20 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %21 = sub nsw i32 %20, 1
  store i32 %21, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %22

22:                                               ; preds = %32, %19
  %23 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %24 = icmp sge i32 %23, 0
  br i1 %24, label %26, label %25

25:                                               ; preds = %22
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #3
  br label %35

26:                                               ; preds = %22
  %27 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %28 = sext i32 %27 to i64
  %29 = getelementptr inbounds [32 x i32], ptr %3, i64 0, i64 %28
  %30 = load i32, ptr %29, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %31 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i32 noundef %30)
  br label %32

32:                                               ; preds = %26
  %33 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %34 = add nsw i32 %33, -1
  store i32 %34, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %22, !llvm.loop !11

35:                                               ; preds = %25
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %4) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 128, ptr %3) #3
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i32 noundef) #2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = distinct !{!9, !10}
!10 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !10}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }

@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z11decToBinaryi(i32 noundef %0) local_unnamed_addr #0 {
  %2 = alloca [32 x i32], align 16
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 128, ptr nonnull %2) #3
  %3 = icmp sgt i32 %0, 0
  br i1 %3, label %.lr.ph, label %._crit_edge

.lr.ph14.preheader:                               ; preds = %.lr.ph
  %4 = and i64 %indvars.iv.next, 4294967295
  br label %.lr.ph14

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %1, %.lr.ph
  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ %indvars.iv.next, %.lr.ph ], [ 0, %1 ]
  %.01011 = phi i32 [ %7, %.lr.ph ], [ %0, %1 ]
  %5 = and i32 %.01011, 1
  %6 = getelementptr inbounds [32 x i32], ptr %2, i64 0, i64 %indvars.iv
  store i32 %5, ptr %6, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %7 = lshr i32 %.01011, 1
  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
  %.not = icmp ult i32 %.01011, 2
  br i1 %.not, label %.lr.ph14.preheader, label %.lr.ph, !llvm.loop !9

._crit_edge:                                      ; preds = %.lr.ph14, %1
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 128, ptr nonnull %2) #3
  ret void

.lr.ph14:                                         ; preds = %.lr.ph14.preheader, %.lr.ph14
  %indvars.iv16 = phi i64 [ %4, %.lr.ph14.preheader ], [ %indvars.iv.next17, %.lr.ph14 ]
  %indvars.iv.next17 = add nsw i64 %indvars.iv16, -1
  %8 = getelementptr inbounds [32 x i32], ptr %2, i64 0, i64 %indvars.iv.next17
  %9 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %10 = tail call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i32 noundef %9)
  %11 = icmp ugt i64 %indvars.iv16, 1
  br i1 %11, label %.lr.ph14, label %._crit_edge, !llvm.loop !11
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i32 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = distinct !{!9, !10}
!10 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !10}


; Effective O3 passes: CorrelatedValuePropagationPass,GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,InstSimplifyPass,JumpThreadingPass,LCSSAPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass