; LLVM IR from ravireddy07/cpp-book :: src/Permutation (letter-case-permutation)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::vector" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl_data" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl_data" = type { ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }
%"class.std::allocator" = type { i8 }

@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [1 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_Z6helperNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES4_RSt6vectorIS4_SaIS4_EE(ptr noundef, ptr noundef, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) #0

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z21letterCasePermutationNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias writable sret(%"class.std::vector") align 8 %0, ptr noundef %1) #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %3 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %4 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %5 = alloca i1, align 1
  %6 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %7 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %8 = alloca i32, align 4
  %9 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %10 = alloca %"class.std::allocator", align 1
  store ptr %0, ptr %3, align 8
  store ptr %1, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i1 false, ptr %5, align 1
  call void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %0) #3
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %6, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1)
          to label %11 unwind label %15

11:                                               ; preds = %2
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 1, ptr %10) #3
  call void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %10) #3
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %9, ptr noundef @.str, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %10)
          to label %12 unwind label %19

12:                                               ; preds = %11
  invoke void @_Z6helperNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES4_RSt6vectorIS4_SaIS4_EE(ptr noundef %6, ptr noundef %9, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %0)
          to label %13 unwind label %23

13:                                               ; preds = %12
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %9) #3
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %10) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr %10) #3
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %6) #3
  store i1 true, ptr %5, align 1
  %14 = load i1, ptr %5, align 1
  br i1 %14, label %29, label %28

15:                                               ; preds = %2
  %16 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %17 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %16, 0
  store ptr %17, ptr %7, align 8
  %18 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %16, 1
  store i32 %18, ptr %8, align 4
  br label %30

19:                                               ; preds = %11
  %20 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %21 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %20, 0
  store ptr %21, ptr %7, align 8
  %22 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %20, 1
  store i32 %22, ptr %8, align 4
  br label %27

23:                                               ; preds = %12
  %24 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %25 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %24, 0
  store ptr %25, ptr %7, align 8
  %26 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %24, 1
  store i32 %26, ptr %8, align 4
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %9) #3
  br label %27

27:                                               ; preds = %23, %19
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %10) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr %10) #3
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %6) #3
  br label %30

28:                                               ; preds = %13
  call void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %0) #3
  br label %29

29:                                               ; preds = %28, %13
  ret void

30:                                               ; preds = %27, %15
  call void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %0) #3
  br label %31

31:                                               ; preds = %30
  %32 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8
  %33 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4
  %34 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } poison, ptr %32, 0
  %35 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } %34, i32 %33, 1
  resume { ptr, i32 } %35
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::vector" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl" = type { %"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl_data" }
%"struct.std::_Vector_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>>>::_Vector_impl_data" = type { ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }
%"class.std::allocator" = type { i8 }

@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [1 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_Z6helperNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES4_RSt6vectorIS4_SaIS4_EE(ptr noundef, ptr noundef, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) local_unnamed_addr #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z21letterCasePermutationNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias nonnull writable sret(%"class.std::vector") align 8 %0, ptr noundef %1) local_unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %3 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %4 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %5 = alloca %"class.std::allocator", align 1
  tail call void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %0) #3
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %1)
          to label %6 unwind label %9

6:                                                ; preds = %2
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 1, ptr nonnull %5) #3
  call void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %5) #3
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %4, ptr noundef nonnull @.str, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %5)
          to label %7 unwind label %11

7:                                                ; preds = %6
  invoke void @_Z6helperNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES4_RSt6vectorIS4_SaIS4_EE(ptr noundef nonnull %3, ptr noundef nonnull %4, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %0)
          to label %8 unwind label %13

8:                                                ; preds = %7
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %4) #3
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %5) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr nonnull %5) #3
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #3
  ret void

9:                                                ; preds = %2
  %10 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  br label %16

11:                                               ; preds = %6
  %12 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  br label %15

13:                                               ; preds = %7
  %14 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %4) #3
  br label %15

15:                                               ; preds = %13, %11
  %.pn = phi { ptr, i32 } [ %14, %13 ], [ %12, %11 ]
  call void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %5) #3
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr nonnull %5) #3
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #3
  br label %16

16:                                               ; preds = %15, %9
  %.pn.pn = phi { ptr, i32 } [ %.pn, %15 ], [ %10, %9 ]
  call void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24) %0) #3
  resume { ptr, i32 } %.pn.pn
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSaIcEC2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2IS3_EEPKcRKS3_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS5_EED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(24)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt15__new_allocatorIcED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}


; Effective O3 passes: GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,PostOrderFunctionAttrsPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass