; LLVM IR from sbshah97/DS-Algo-Handbook :: Data-Structures/Linked_List/Circular_Linked_List (circular)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%struct.Node = type { i32, ptr }

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
define dso_local void @insert_beg_of_list(ptr noundef %0, i32 noundef %1) #0 {
  %3 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %4 = alloca i32, align 4
  %5 = alloca ptr, align 8
  store ptr %0, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i32 %1, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %5) #3
  %6 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store ptr %6, ptr %5, align 8, !tbaa !5
  br label %7

7:                                                ; preds = %13, %2
  %8 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %9 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.Node, ptr %8, i32 0, i32 1
  %10 = load ptr, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !11
  %11 = load ptr, ptr %5, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %12 = icmp ne ptr %10, %11
  br i1 %12, label %13, label %17

13:                                               ; preds = %7
  %14 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %15 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.Node, ptr %14, i32 0, i32 1
  %16 = load ptr, ptr %15, align 8, !tbaa !11
  store ptr %16, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  br label %7, !llvm.loop !13

17:                                               ; preds = %7
  %18 = call noalias ptr @malloc(i64 noundef 16) #4
  %19 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %20 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.Node, ptr %19, i32 0, i32 1
  store ptr %18, ptr %20, align 8, !tbaa !11
  %21 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %22 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.Node, ptr %21, i32 0, i32 1
  %23 = load ptr, ptr %22, align 8, !tbaa !11
  store ptr %23, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %24 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %25 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %26 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.Node, ptr %25, i32 0, i32 0
  store i32 %24, ptr %26, align 8, !tbaa !15
  %27 = load ptr, ptr %5, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %28 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %29 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.Node, ptr %28, i32 0, i32 1
  store ptr %27, ptr %29, align 8, !tbaa !11
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %5) #3
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: nounwind allocsize(0)
declare noalias ptr @malloc(i64 noundef) #2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

attributes #0 = { nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { nounwind allocsize(0) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind }
attributes #4 = { nounwind allocsize(0) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!11 = !{!12, !6, i64 8}
!12 = !{!"Node", !10, i64 0, !6, i64 8}
!13 = distinct !{!13, !14}
!14 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!15 = !{!12, !10, i64 0}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

; Function Attrs: nofree nounwind uwtable
define dso_local void @insert_beg_of_list(ptr noundef %0, i32 noundef %1) local_unnamed_addr #0 {
  br label %3

3:                                                ; preds = %3, %2
  %.0 = phi ptr [ %0, %2 ], [ %5, %3 ]
  %4 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %.0, i64 8
  %5 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %.not = icmp eq ptr %5, %0
  br i1 %.not, label %6, label %3, !llvm.loop !11

6:                                                ; preds = %3
  %7 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %.0, i64 8
  %8 = tail call noalias dereferenceable_or_null(16) ptr @malloc(i64 noundef 16) #2
  store ptr %8, ptr %7, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i32 %1, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !13
  %9 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %8, i64 8
  store ptr %0, ptr %9, align 8, !tbaa !5
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn allockind("alloc,uninitialized") allocsize(0) memory(inaccessiblemem: readwrite)
declare noalias noundef ptr @malloc(i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #1

attributes #0 = { nofree nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn allockind("alloc,uninitialized") allocsize(0) memory(inaccessiblemem: readwrite) "alloc-family"="malloc" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { nounwind allocsize(0) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !10, i64 8}
!6 = !{!"Node", !7, i64 0, !10, i64 8}
!7 = !{!"int", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"omnipotent char", !9, i64 0}
!9 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!10 = !{!"any pointer", !8, i64 0}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !12}
!12 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!13 = !{!6, !7, i64 0}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,InstSimplifyPass,LCSSAPass,LICMPass,LoopUnrollPass,PostOrderFunctionAttrsPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass