; LLVM IR from Hunterdii/GeeksforGeeks-POTD :: July 2024 GFG SOLUTION (July-02)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }
%struct.Node = type { %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", ptr }

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local noundef ptr @_Z7newNodeNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef %0) #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %2 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %3 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %4 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %5 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %6 = alloca i32, align 4
  %7 = alloca i1, align 1
  store ptr %0, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %3) #5
  %8 = call noalias noundef nonnull ptr @_Znwm(i64 noundef 40) #6
  store i1 true, ptr %7, align 1
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %4, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
          to label %9 unwind label %14

9:                                                ; preds = %1
  invoke void @_ZN4NodeC2ENSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(40) %8, ptr noundef %4)
          to label %10 unwind label %18

10:                                               ; preds = %9
  store i1 false, ptr %7, align 1
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %4) #5
  store ptr %8, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %11 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %struct.Node, ptr %11, i32 0, i32 1
  store ptr null, ptr %12, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %13 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %3) #5
  ret ptr %13

14:                                               ; preds = %1
  %15 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %16 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %15, 0
  store ptr %16, ptr %5, align 8
  %17 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %15, 1
  store i32 %17, ptr %6, align 4
  br label %22

18:                                               ; preds = %9
  %19 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %20 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %19, 0
  store ptr %20, ptr %5, align 8
  %21 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %19, 1
  store i32 %21, ptr %6, align 4
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %4) #5
  br label %22

22:                                               ; preds = %18, %14
  %23 = load i1, ptr %7, align 1
  br i1 %23, label %24, label %25

24:                                               ; preds = %22
  call void @_ZdlPvm(ptr noundef %8, i64 noundef 40) #7
  br label %25

25:                                               ; preds = %24, %22
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %3) #5
  br label %26

26:                                               ; preds = %25
  %27 = load ptr, ptr %5, align 8
  %28 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4
  %29 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } poison, ptr %27, 0
  %30 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } %29, i32 %28, 1
  resume { ptr, i32 } %30
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin allocsize(0)
declare noundef nonnull ptr @_Znwm(i64 noundef) #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZN4NodeC2ENSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(40), ptr noundef) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin nounwind
declare void @_ZdlPvm(ptr noundef, i64 noundef) #4

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { nobuiltin allocsize(0) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nobuiltin nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }
attributes #6 = { builtin allocsize(0) }
attributes #7 = { builtin nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !6, i64 32}
!10 = !{!"_ZTS4Node", !11, i64 0, !6, i64 32}
!11 = !{!"_ZTSNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE", !12, i64 0, !13, i64 8, !7, i64 16}
!12 = !{!"_ZTSNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_Alloc_hiderE", !6, i64 0}
!13 = !{!"long", !7, i64 0}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local noundef nonnull ptr @_Z7newNodeNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef %0) local_unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %2 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %3 = tail call noalias noundef nonnull dereferenceable(40) ptr @_Znwm(i64 noundef 40) #4
  invoke void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
          to label %4 unwind label %7

4:                                                ; preds = %1
  invoke void @_ZN4NodeC2ENSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(40) %3, ptr noundef nonnull %2)
          to label %5 unwind label %9

5:                                                ; preds = %4
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  %6 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %3, i64 32
  store ptr null, ptr %6, align 8, !tbaa !5
  ret ptr %3

7:                                                ; preds = %1
  %8 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  br label %11

9:                                                ; preds = %4
  %10 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  br label %11

11:                                               ; preds = %7, %9
  %.pn = phi { ptr, i32 } [ %10, %9 ], [ %8, %7 ]
  call void @_ZdlPvm(ptr noundef nonnull %3, i64 noundef 40) #6
  resume { ptr, i32 } %.pn
}

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin allocsize(0)
declare noundef nonnull ptr @_Znwm(i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZN4NodeC2ENSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(40), ptr noundef) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: nobuiltin nounwind
declare void @_ZdlPvm(ptr noundef, i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #3

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nobuiltin allocsize(0) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nobuiltin nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { builtin allocsize(0) }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }
attributes #6 = { builtin nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !9, i64 32}
!6 = !{!"_ZTS4Node", !7, i64 0, !9, i64 32}
!7 = !{!"_ZTSNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE", !8, i64 0, !12, i64 8, !10, i64 16}
!8 = !{!"_ZTSNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_Alloc_hiderE", !9, i64 0}
!9 = !{!"any pointer", !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"omnipotent char", !11, i64 0}
!11 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!12 = !{!"long", !10, i64 0}


; Effective O3 passes: CorrelatedValuePropagationPass,GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,PostOrderFunctionAttrsPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass