; LLVM IR from devparthgarg/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms :: 04. Recursion/16 Printing All Permutations (16 Printing All Permutations)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }
%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }

@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8
@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z12permutationsNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEi(ptr noundef %0, i32 noundef %1) #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %3 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %4 = alloca i32, align 4
  %5 = alloca i32, align 4
  %6 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %7 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %8 = alloca i32, align 4
  store ptr %0, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i32 %1, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %9 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %10 = sext i32 %9 to i64
  %11 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #5
  %12 = sub i64 %11, 1
  %13 = icmp eq i64 %10, %12
  br i1 %13, label %14, label %17

14:                                               ; preds = %2
  %15 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES7_RKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS4_S5_T1_EE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
  %16 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %15, ptr noundef @.str)
  br label %48

17:                                               ; preds = %2
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #5
  %18 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  store i32 %18, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %19

19:                                               ; preds = %41, %17
  %20 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %21 = sext i32 %20 to i64
  %22 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #5
  %23 = icmp ult i64 %21, %22
  br i1 %23, label %25, label %24

24:                                               ; preds = %19
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #5
  br label %48

25:                                               ; preds = %19
  %26 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %27 = sext i32 %26 to i64
  %28 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %27)
  %29 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %30 = sext i32 %29 to i64
  %31 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %30)
  call void @_ZSt4swapIcENSt9enable_ifIXsr6__and_ISt6__not_ISt15__is_tuple_likeIT_EESt21is_move_constructibleIS3_ESt18is_move_assignableIS3_EEE5valueEvE4typeERS3_SC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %28, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %31) #5
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %6, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
  %32 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %33 = add nsw i32 %32, 1
  invoke void @_Z12permutationsNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEi(ptr noundef %6, i32 noundef %33)
          to label %34 unwind label %44

34:                                               ; preds = %25
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %6) #5
  %35 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %36 = sext i32 %35 to i64
  %37 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %36)
  %38 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %39 = sext i32 %38 to i64
  %40 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %39)
  call void @_ZSt4swapIcENSt9enable_ifIXsr6__and_ISt6__not_ISt15__is_tuple_likeIT_EESt21is_move_constructibleIS3_ESt18is_move_assignableIS3_EEE5valueEvE4typeERS3_SC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %37, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %40) #5
  br label %41

41:                                               ; preds = %34
  %42 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %43 = add nsw i32 %42, 1
  store i32 %43, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %19, !llvm.loop !11

44:                                               ; preds = %25
  %45 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %46 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %45, 0
  store ptr %46, ptr %7, align 8
  %47 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %45, 1
  store i32 %47, ptr %8, align 4
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %6) #5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #5
  br label %49

48:                                               ; preds = %24, %14
  ret void

49:                                               ; preds = %44
  %50 = load ptr, ptr %7, align 8
  %51 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4
  %52 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } poison, ptr %50, 0
  %53 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } %52, i32 %51, 1
  resume { ptr, i32 } %53
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef) #2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES7_RKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS4_S5_T1_EE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) #2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #3

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZSt4swapIcENSt9enable_ifIXsr6__and_ISt6__not_ISt15__is_tuple_likeIT_EESt21is_move_constructibleIS3_ESt18is_move_assignableIS3_EEE5valueEvE4typeERS3_SC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1), ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) #4

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), i64 noundef) #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #3

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #4 = { inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !12}
!12 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }
%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }

@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8
@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z12permutationsNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEi(ptr noundef nonnull %0, i32 noundef %1) local_unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %3 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %4 = sext i32 %1 to i64
  %5 = tail call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #4
  %6 = add i64 %5, -1
  %7 = icmp eq i64 %6, %4
  br i1 %7, label %11, label %.preheader

.preheader:                                       ; preds = %2
  %8 = tail call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #4
  %9 = icmp ugt i64 %8, %4
  br i1 %9, label %.lr.ph, label %.loopexit

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %.preheader
  %10 = add nsw i32 %1, 1
  br label %14

11:                                               ; preds = %2
  %12 = tail call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES7_RKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS4_S5_T1_EE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
  %13 = tail call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %12, ptr noundef nonnull @.str)
  br label %.loopexit

14:                                               ; preds = %.lr.ph, %17
  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ %4, %.lr.ph ], [ %indvars.iv.next, %17 ]
  %15 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %4)
  %16 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %indvars.iv)
  call void @_ZSt4swapIcENSt9enable_ifIXsr6__and_ISt6__not_ISt15__is_tuple_likeIT_EESt21is_move_constructibleIS3_ESt18is_move_assignableIS3_EEE5valueEvE4typeERS3_SC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %15, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %16) #4
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
  invoke void @_Z12permutationsNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEi(ptr noundef nonnull %3, i32 noundef %10)
          to label %17 unwind label %22

17:                                               ; preds = %14
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #4
  %18 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %4)
  %19 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %indvars.iv)
  call void @_ZSt4swapIcENSt9enable_ifIXsr6__and_ISt6__not_ISt15__is_tuple_likeIT_EESt21is_move_constructibleIS3_ESt18is_move_assignableIS3_EEE5valueEvE4typeERS3_SC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %18, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %19) #4
  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
  %20 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #4
  %21 = icmp ugt i64 %20, %indvars.iv.next
  br i1 %21, label %14, label %.loopexit, !llvm.loop !5

22:                                               ; preds = %14
  %23 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #4
  resume { ptr, i32 } %23

.loopexit:                                        ; preds = %17, %.preheader, %11
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) local_unnamed_addr #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef) local_unnamed_addr #2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES7_RKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS4_S5_T1_EE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) local_unnamed_addr #2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZSt4swapIcENSt9enable_ifIXsr6__and_ISt6__not_ISt15__is_tuple_likeIT_EESt21is_move_constructibleIS3_ESt18is_move_assignableIS3_EEE5valueEvE4typeERS3_SC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1), ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) local_unnamed_addr #3

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #1 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #1 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = distinct !{!5, !6}
!6 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,JumpThreadingPass,LICMPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,PostOrderFunctionAttrsPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass