; LLVM IR from devparthgarg/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms :: 10. Strings/17 Lexiographic Rank of a String (17a Lexiographic Rank of a String)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }
%"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator" = type { ptr }

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local noundef i32 @_Z16lexiographicRankNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef %0) #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %2 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %3 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  %4 = alloca %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", align 8
  %5 = alloca %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", align 8
  %6 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %7 = alloca i32, align 4
  %8 = alloca i32, align 4
  %9 = alloca %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", align 8
  %10 = alloca %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", align 8
  store ptr %0, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 32, ptr %3) #5
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
  %11 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE5beginEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #5
  %12 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
  store ptr %11, ptr %12, align 8
  %13 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE3endEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #5
  %14 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 0
  store ptr %13, ptr %14, align 8
  %15 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %4, i32 0, i32 0
  %16 = load ptr, ptr %15, align 8
  %17 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %5, i32 0, i32 0
  %18 = load ptr, ptr %17, align 8
  invoke void @_ZSt4sortIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEvT_SA_(ptr %16, ptr %18)
          to label %19 unwind label %27

19:                                               ; preds = %1
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %8) #5
  store i32 0, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %20

20:                                               ; preds = %41, %19
  br label %21

21:                                               ; preds = %20
  %22 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %23 = add nsw i32 %22, 1
  store i32 %23, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %24 = call noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSteqIcEN9__gnu_cxx11__enable_ifIXsr9__is_charIT_EE7__valueEbE6__typeERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS2_St11char_traitsIS2_ESaIS2_EEESC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #5
  br i1 %24, label %25, label %31

25:                                               ; preds = %21
  %26 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %8) #5
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 32, ptr %3) #5
  ret i32 %26

27:                                               ; preds = %1
  %28 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %29 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %28, 0
  store ptr %29, ptr %6, align 8
  %30 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %28, 1
  store i32 %30, ptr %7, align 4
  br label %46

31:                                               ; preds = %21
  %32 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE5beginEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #5
  %33 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %9, i32 0, i32 0
  store ptr %32, ptr %33, align 8
  %34 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE3endEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #5
  %35 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 0
  store ptr %34, ptr %35, align 8
  %36 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %9, i32 0, i32 0
  %37 = load ptr, ptr %36, align 8
  %38 = getelementptr inbounds %"class.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator", ptr %10, i32 0, i32 0
  %39 = load ptr, ptr %38, align 8
  %40 = invoke noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSt16next_permutationIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEbT_SA_(ptr %37, ptr %39)
          to label %41 unwind label %42

41:                                               ; preds = %31
  br label %20, !llvm.loop !11

42:                                               ; preds = %31
  %43 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %44 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %43, 0
  store ptr %44, ptr %6, align 8
  %45 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %43, 1
  store i32 %45, ptr %7, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %8) #5
  br label %46

46:                                               ; preds = %42, %27
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %3) #5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 32, ptr %3) #5
  br label %47

47:                                               ; preds = %46
  %48 = load ptr, ptr %6, align 8
  %49 = load i32, ptr %7, align 4
  %50 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } poison, ptr %48, 0
  %51 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } %50, i32 %49, 1
  resume { ptr, i32 } %51
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZSt4sortIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEvT_SA_(ptr, ptr) #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE5beginEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE3endEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) #3 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSteqIcEN9__gnu_cxx11__enable_ifIXsr9__is_charIT_EE7__valueEbE6__typeERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS2_St11char_traitsIS2_ESaIS2_EEESC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) #4

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSt16next_permutationIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEbT_SA_(ptr, ptr) #2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !12}
!12 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string" = type { %"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider", i64, %union.anon }
%"struct.std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>::_Alloc_hider" = type { ptr }
%union.anon = type { i64, [8 x i8] }

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local noundef range(i32 -2147483647, -2147483648) i32 @_Z16lexiographicRankNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef nonnull %0) local_unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %2 = alloca %"class.std::__cxx11::basic_string", align 8
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 32, ptr nonnull %2) #5
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0)
  %3 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE5beginEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  %4 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE3endEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  invoke void @_ZSt4sortIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEvT_SA_(ptr %3, ptr %4)
          to label %.preheader unwind label %8

.preheader:                                       ; preds = %1, %10
  %.07 = phi i32 [ %5, %10 ], [ 0, %1 ]
  %5 = add nuw nsw i32 %.07, 1
  %6 = call noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSteqIcEN9__gnu_cxx11__enable_ifIXsr9__is_charIT_EE7__valueEbE6__typeERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS2_St11char_traitsIS2_ESaIS2_EEESC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  br i1 %6, label %7, label %10

7:                                                ; preds = %.preheader
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 32, ptr nonnull %2) #5
  ret i32 %5

8:                                                ; preds = %1
  %9 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  br label %16

10:                                               ; preds = %.preheader
  %11 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE5beginEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  %12 = call ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE3endEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  %13 = invoke noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSt16next_permutationIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEbT_SA_(ptr %11, ptr %12)
          to label %.preheader unwind label %14, !llvm.loop !5

14:                                               ; preds = %10
  %15 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  br label %16

16:                                               ; preds = %14, %8
  %.pn = phi { ptr, i32 } [ %15, %14 ], [ %9, %8 ]
  call void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %2) #5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 32, ptr nonnull %2) #5
  resume { ptr, i32 } %.pn
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC2ERKS4_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZSt4sortIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEvT_SA_(ptr, ptr) local_unnamed_addr #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE5beginEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) local_unnamed_addr #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE3endEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) local_unnamed_addr #3 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSteqIcEN9__gnu_cxx11__enable_ifIXsr9__is_charIT_EE7__valueEbE6__typeERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIS2_St11char_traitsIS2_ESaIS2_EEESC_(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) local_unnamed_addr #4

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local noundef zeroext i1 @_ZSt16next_permutationIN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPcNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEEEEbT_SA_(ptr, ptr) local_unnamed_addr #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare void @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = distinct !{!5, !6}
!6 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Effective O3 passes: GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,InstSimplifyPass,LCSSAPass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,PostOrderFunctionAttrsPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass