; LLVM IR from marcinbor85/microshell :: src/src (ush_utils)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1
@.str.1 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8], align 1
@.str.2 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: nounwind
declare ptr @strcpy(ptr noundef, ptr noundef) #0

; Function Attrs: nounwind willreturn memory(read)
declare i32 @strcmp(ptr noundef, ptr noundef) #1

; Function Attrs: nounwind
declare ptr @strcat(ptr noundef, ptr noundef) #0

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
define dso_local void @ush_utils_get_collapse_path(ptr noundef %0, ptr noundef %1) #2 {
  %3 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %4 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %5 = alloca i64, align 8
  %6 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %7 = alloca i64, align 8
  %8 = alloca i64, align 8
  %9 = alloca i32, align 4
  %10 = alloca i8, align 1
  %11 = alloca i32, align 4
  %12 = alloca i64, align 8
  %13 = alloca i64, align 8
  %14 = alloca i64, align 8
  %15 = alloca i64, align 8
  store ptr %0, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store ptr %1, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %16 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %17 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %18 = call ptr @strcpy(ptr noundef %16, ptr noundef %17) #5
  %19 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %20 = call i32 @strcmp(ptr noundef %19, ptr noundef @.str) #6
  %21 = icmp eq i32 %20, 0
  br i1 %21, label %22, label %23

22:                                               ; preds = %2
  br label %135

23:                                               ; preds = %2
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %5) #5
  %24 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %25 = call i64 @ush_utils_get_path_levels_count(ptr noundef %24)
  store i64 %25, ptr %5, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %26 = load i64, ptr %5, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %27 = call ptr @llvm.stacksave.p0()
  store ptr %27, ptr %6, align 8
  %28 = alloca ptr, i64 %26, align 16
  store i64 %26, ptr %7, align 8
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %8) #5
  store i64 0, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %9) #5
  store i32 0, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !11
  br label %29

29:                                               ; preds = %66, %23
  br label %30

30:                                               ; preds = %29
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 1, ptr %10) #5
  %31 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %32 = load i8, ptr %31, align 1, !tbaa !13
  store i8 %32, ptr %10, align 1, !tbaa !13
  %33 = load i32, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !11
  %34 = icmp eq i32 %33, 0
  br i1 %34, label %35, label %47

35:                                               ; preds = %30
  %36 = load i8, ptr %10, align 1, !tbaa !13
  %37 = sext i8 %36 to i32
  %38 = icmp eq i32 %37, 0
  br i1 %38, label %39, label %40

39:                                               ; preds = %35
  store i32 3, ptr %11, align 4
  br label %64

40:                                               ; preds = %35
  %41 = load i8, ptr %10, align 1, !tbaa !13
  %42 = sext i8 %41 to i32
  %43 = icmp eq i32 %42, 47
  br i1 %43, label %44, label %46

44:                                               ; preds = %40
  %45 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i8 0, ptr %45, align 1, !tbaa !13
  store i32 1, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !11
  br label %46

46:                                               ; preds = %44, %40
  br label %61

47:                                               ; preds = %30
  %48 = load i8, ptr %10, align 1, !tbaa !13
  %49 = sext i8 %48 to i32
  %50 = icmp eq i32 %49, 0
  br i1 %50, label %51, label %56

51:                                               ; preds = %47
  %52 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %53 = load i64, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %54 = add i64 %53, 1
  store i64 %54, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %55 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %28, i64 %53
  store ptr %52, ptr %55, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i32 3, ptr %11, align 4
  br label %64

56:                                               ; preds = %47
  %57 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %58 = load i64, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %59 = add i64 %58, 1
  store i64 %59, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %60 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %28, i64 %58
  store ptr %57, ptr %60, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i32 0, ptr %9, align 4, !tbaa !11
  br label %61

61:                                               ; preds = %56, %46
  %62 = load ptr, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %63 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %62, i32 1
  store ptr %63, ptr %3, align 8, !tbaa !5
  store i32 0, ptr %11, align 4
  br label %64

64:                                               ; preds = %61, %51, %39
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 1, ptr %10) #5
  %65 = load i32, ptr %11, align 4
  switch i32 %65, label %136 [
    i32 0, label %66
    i32 3, label %67
  ]

66:                                               ; preds = %64
  br label %29

67:                                               ; preds = %64
  %68 = load i64, ptr %5, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %69 = alloca ptr, i64 %68, align 16
  store i64 %68, ptr %12, align 8
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %13) #5
  store i64 0, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %14) #5
  store i64 0, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  br label %70

70:                                               ; preds = %103, %67
  %71 = load i64, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %72 = load i64, ptr %8, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %73 = icmp ult i64 %71, %72
  br i1 %73, label %75, label %74

74:                                               ; preds = %70
  store i32 4, ptr %11, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %14) #5
  br label %106

75:                                               ; preds = %70
  %76 = load i64, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %77 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %28, i64 %76
  %78 = load ptr, ptr %77, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %79 = call i32 @strcmp(ptr noundef %78, ptr noundef @.str.1) #6
  %80 = icmp eq i32 %79, 0
  br i1 %80, label %81, label %88

81:                                               ; preds = %75
  %82 = load i64, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %83 = icmp ugt i64 %82, 0
  br i1 %83, label %84, label %87

84:                                               ; preds = %81
  %85 = load i64, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %86 = add i64 %85, -1
  store i64 %86, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  br label %87

87:                                               ; preds = %84, %81
  br label %103

88:                                               ; preds = %75
  %89 = load i64, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %90 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %28, i64 %89
  %91 = load ptr, ptr %90, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %92 = call i32 @strcmp(ptr noundef %91, ptr noundef @.str.2) #6
  %93 = icmp eq i32 %92, 0
  br i1 %93, label %94, label %95

94:                                               ; preds = %88
  br label %103

95:                                               ; preds = %88
  br label %96

96:                                               ; preds = %95
  %97 = load i64, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %98 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %28, i64 %97
  %99 = load ptr, ptr %98, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %100 = load i64, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %101 = add i64 %100, 1
  store i64 %101, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %102 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %69, i64 %100
  store ptr %99, ptr %102, align 8, !tbaa !5
  br label %103

103:                                              ; preds = %96, %94, %87
  %104 = load i64, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %105 = add i64 %104, 1
  store i64 %105, ptr %14, align 8, !tbaa !9
  br label %70, !llvm.loop !14

106:                                              ; preds = %74
  %107 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %108 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %107, i64 0
  store i8 0, ptr %108, align 1, !tbaa !13
  %109 = load i64, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %110 = icmp eq i64 %109, 0
  br i1 %110, label %111, label %114

111:                                              ; preds = %106
  %112 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %113 = call ptr @strcat(ptr noundef %112, ptr noundef @.str) #5
  store i32 1, ptr %11, align 4
  br label %132

114:                                              ; preds = %106
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %15) #5
  store i64 0, ptr %15, align 8, !tbaa !9
  br label %115

115:                                              ; preds = %128, %114
  %116 = load i64, ptr %15, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %117 = load i64, ptr %13, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %118 = icmp ult i64 %116, %117
  br i1 %118, label %120, label %119

119:                                              ; preds = %115
  store i32 7, ptr %11, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %15) #5
  br label %131

120:                                              ; preds = %115
  %121 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %122 = call ptr @strcat(ptr noundef %121, ptr noundef @.str) #5
  %123 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %124 = load i64, ptr %15, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %125 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %69, i64 %124
  %126 = load ptr, ptr %125, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %127 = call ptr @strcat(ptr noundef %123, ptr noundef %126) #5
  br label %128

128:                                              ; preds = %120
  %129 = load i64, ptr %15, align 8, !tbaa !9
  %130 = add i64 %129, 1
  store i64 %130, ptr %15, align 8, !tbaa !9
  br label %115, !llvm.loop !16

131:                                              ; preds = %119
  store i32 0, ptr %11, align 4
  br label %132

132:                                              ; preds = %131, %111
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %13) #5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %9) #5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %8) #5
  %133 = load ptr, ptr %6, align 8
  call void @llvm.stackrestore.p0(ptr %133)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %5) #5
  %134 = load i32, ptr %11, align 4
  switch i32 %134, label %136 [
    i32 0, label %135
    i32 1, label %135
  ]

135:                                              ; preds = %132, %132, %22
  ret void

136:                                              ; preds = %132, %64
  unreachable
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #3

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local i64 @ush_utils_get_path_levels_count(ptr noundef) #2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn
declare ptr @llvm.stacksave.p0() #4

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #3

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn
declare void @llvm.stackrestore.p0(ptr) #4

attributes #0 = { nounwind "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nounwind willreturn memory(read) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #4 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }
attributes #6 = { nounwind willreturn memory(read) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"long", !7, i64 0}
!11 = !{!12, !12, i64 0}
!12 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!13 = !{!7, !7, i64 0}
!14 = distinct !{!14, !15}
!15 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!16 = distinct !{!16, !15}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

@.str = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1
@.str.1 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8], align 1
@.str.2 = external hidden unnamed_addr constant [2 x i8], align 1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare ptr @strcpy(ptr noalias noundef returned writeonly, ptr noalias nocapture noundef readonly) local_unnamed_addr #0

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: read)
declare i32 @strcmp(ptr nocapture noundef, ptr nocapture noundef) local_unnamed_addr #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare ptr @strcat(ptr noalias noundef returned, ptr noalias nocapture noundef readonly) local_unnamed_addr #0

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
define dso_local void @ush_utils_get_collapse_path(ptr noundef %0, ptr noundef %1) local_unnamed_addr #2 {
  %3 = tail call ptr @strcpy(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %1, ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %0) #5
  %4 = tail call i32 @strcmp(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %0, ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) @.str) #6
  %5 = icmp eq i32 %4, 0
  br i1 %5, label %43, label %6

6:                                                ; preds = %2
  %7 = tail call i64 @ush_utils_get_path_levels_count(ptr noundef %0)
  %8 = tail call ptr @llvm.stacksave.p0()
  %9 = alloca ptr, i64 %7, align 16
  br label %10

10:                                               ; preds = %19, %6
  %.043 = phi i32 [ 0, %6 ], [ %.144, %19 ]
  %.041 = phi i64 [ 0, %6 ], [ %.142, %19 ]
  %.038 = phi ptr [ %0, %6 ], [ %20, %19 ]
  %11 = load i8, ptr %.038, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %12 = icmp eq i32 %.043, 0
  br i1 %12, label %13, label %15

13:                                               ; preds = %10
  switch i8 %11, label %19 [
    i8 0, label %.loopexit53
    i8 47, label %14
  ]

14:                                               ; preds = %13
  store i8 0, ptr %.038, align 1, !tbaa !5
  br label %19

15:                                               ; preds = %10
  %16 = icmp eq i8 %11, 0
  %17 = add i64 %.041, 1
  %18 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %9, i64 %.041
  store ptr %.038, ptr %18, align 8, !tbaa !8
  br i1 %16, label %.loopexit53, label %19

19:                                               ; preds = %15, %14, %13
  %.144 = phi i32 [ 1, %14 ], [ 0, %13 ], [ 0, %15 ]
  %.142 = phi i64 [ %.041, %14 ], [ %.041, %13 ], [ %17, %15 ]
  %20 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %.038, i64 1
  br label %10

.loopexit53:                                      ; preds = %13, %15
  %.2.ph = phi i64 [ %17, %15 ], [ %.041, %13 ]
  %21 = alloca ptr, i64 %7, align 16
  %.not = icmp eq i64 %.2.ph, 0
  br i1 %.not, label %._crit_edge.thread, label %.lr.ph

._crit_edge.thread:                               ; preds = %.loopexit53
  store i8 0, ptr %1, align 1, !tbaa !5
  br label %36

._crit_edge:                                      ; preds = %34
  store i8 0, ptr %1, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %22 = icmp eq i64 %.1, 0
  br i1 %22, label %36, label %.preheader

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %.loopexit53, %34
  %.03657 = phi i64 [ %35, %34 ], [ 0, %.loopexit53 ]
  %.03756 = phi i64 [ %.1, %34 ], [ 0, %.loopexit53 ]
  %23 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %9, i64 %.03657
  %24 = load ptr, ptr %23, align 8, !tbaa !8
  %25 = tail call i32 @strcmp(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %24, ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) @.str.1) #6
  %26 = icmp eq i32 %25, 0
  br i1 %26, label %27, label %28

27:                                               ; preds = %.lr.ph
  %spec.select = tail call i64 @llvm.usub.sat.i64(i64 %.03756, i64 1)
  br label %34

28:                                               ; preds = %.lr.ph
  %29 = tail call i32 @strcmp(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %24, ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) @.str.2) #6
  %30 = icmp eq i32 %29, 0
  br i1 %30, label %34, label %31

31:                                               ; preds = %28
  %32 = add i64 %.03756, 1
  %33 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %21, i64 %.03756
  store ptr %24, ptr %33, align 8, !tbaa !8
  br label %34

34:                                               ; preds = %27, %28, %31
  %.1 = phi i64 [ %.03756, %28 ], [ %32, %31 ], [ %spec.select, %27 ]
  %35 = add nuw i64 %.03657, 1
  %exitcond.not = icmp eq i64 %35, %.2.ph
  br i1 %exitcond.not, label %._crit_edge, label %.lr.ph, !llvm.loop !10

36:                                               ; preds = %._crit_edge.thread, %._crit_edge
  %37 = tail call ptr @strcat(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %1, ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) @.str) #5
  br label %.loopexit

.preheader:                                       ; preds = %._crit_edge, %.preheader
  %.058 = phi i64 [ %42, %.preheader ], [ 0, %._crit_edge ]
  %38 = tail call ptr @strcat(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %1, ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) @.str) #5
  %39 = getelementptr inbounds ptr, ptr %21, i64 %.058
  %40 = load ptr, ptr %39, align 8, !tbaa !8
  %41 = tail call ptr @strcat(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %1, ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %40) #5
  %42 = add nuw i64 %.058, 1
  %exitcond61.not = icmp eq i64 %42, %.1
  br i1 %exitcond61.not, label %.loopexit, label %.preheader, !llvm.loop !12

.loopexit:                                        ; preds = %.preheader, %36
  tail call void @llvm.stackrestore.p0(ptr %8)
  br label %43

43:                                               ; preds = %2, %.loopexit
  ret void
}

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local i64 @ush_utils_get_path_levels_count(ptr noundef) local_unnamed_addr #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn
declare ptr @llvm.stacksave.p0() #3

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn
declare void @llvm.stackrestore.p0(ptr) #3

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none)
declare i64 @llvm.usub.sat.i64(i64, i64) #4

attributes #0 = { mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: read) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn }
attributes #4 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none) }
attributes #5 = { nounwind }
attributes #6 = { nounwind willreturn memory(read) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"omnipotent char", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!8 = !{!9, !9, i64 0}
!9 = !{!"any pointer", !6, i64 0}
!10 = distinct !{!10, !11}
!11 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!12 = distinct !{!12, !11}


; Effective O3 passes: CorrelatedValuePropagationPass,EarlyCSEPass,GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,InstSimplifyPass,JumpThreadingPass,LCSSAPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass