; LLVM IR from codemistic/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms :: CSES/Intro (GrayCode)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_istream" = type { ptr, i64, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }
%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::bitset" = type { %"struct.std::_Base_bitset" }
%"struct.std::_Base_bitset" = type { i64 }
%"class.std::bitset<32>::reference" = type { ptr, i64 }

@_ZSt3cin = external global %"class.std::basic_istream", align 8
@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8

; Function Attrs: mustprogress norecurse uwtable
define dso_local noundef i32 @main() #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %1 = alloca i32, align 4
  %2 = alloca i32, align 4
  %3 = alloca i32, align 4
  %4 = alloca i32, align 4
  %5 = alloca i32, align 4
  %6 = alloca %"class.std::bitset", align 8
  %7 = alloca i32, align 4
  %8 = alloca %"class.std::bitset<32>::reference", align 8
  %9 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %10 = alloca i32, align 4
  store i32 0, ptr %1, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %2) #6
  %11 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) @_ZSt3cin, ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) %2)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %3) #6
  store i32 0, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %12

12:                                               ; preds = %45, %0
  %13 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %14 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %15 = shl i32 1, %14
  %16 = icmp slt i32 %13, %15
  br i1 %16, label %18, label %17

17:                                               ; preds = %12
  store i32 2, ptr %4, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %3) #6
  br label %48

18:                                               ; preds = %12
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #6
  %19 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %20 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %21 = ashr i32 %20, 1
  %22 = xor i32 %19, %21
  store i32 %22, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %6) #6
  %23 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %24 = sext i32 %23 to i64
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEC2Ey(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %6, i64 noundef %24) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %7) #6
  store i32 0, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %25

25:                                               ; preds = %36, %18
  %26 = load i32, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %27 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %28 = icmp slt i32 %26, %27
  br i1 %28, label %30, label %29

29:                                               ; preds = %25
  store i32 5, ptr %4, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %7) #6
  br label %43

30:                                               ; preds = %25
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 16, ptr %8) #6
  %31 = load i32, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %32 = sext i32 %31 to i64
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEixEm(ptr dead_on_unwind writable sret(%"class.std::bitset<32>::reference") align 8 %8, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %6, i64 noundef %32)
  %33 = call noundef zeroext i1 @_ZNKSt6bitsetILm32EE9referencecvbEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %8) #6
  %34 = invoke noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEb(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i1 noundef zeroext %33)
          to label %35 unwind label %39

35:                                               ; preds = %30
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EE9referenceD2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %8) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 16, ptr %8) #6
  br label %36

36:                                               ; preds = %35
  %37 = load i32, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %38 = add nsw i32 %37, 1
  store i32 %38, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %25, !llvm.loop !9

39:                                               ; preds = %30
  %40 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %41 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %40, 0
  store ptr %41, ptr %9, align 8
  %42 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %40, 1
  store i32 %42, ptr %10, align 4
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EE9referenceD2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %8) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 16, ptr %8) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %7) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %6) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %3) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %2) #6
  br label %50

43:                                               ; preds = %29
  %44 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_c(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i8 noundef signext 10)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %6) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #6
  br label %45

45:                                               ; preds = %43
  %46 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %47 = add nsw i32 %46, 1
  store i32 %47, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !5
  br label %12, !llvm.loop !11

48:                                               ; preds = %17
  store i32 0, ptr %1, align 4
  store i32 1, ptr %4, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %2) #6
  %49 = load i32, ptr %1, align 4
  ret i32 %49

50:                                               ; preds = %39
  %51 = load ptr, ptr %9, align 8
  %52 = load i32, ptr %10, align 4
  %53 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } poison, ptr %51, 0
  %54 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } %53, i32 %52, 1
  resume { ptr, i32 } %54
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16), ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4)) #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEC2Ey(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i64 noundef) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEb(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i1 noundef zeroext) #4 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEixEm(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias writable sret(%"class.std::bitset<32>::reference") align 8, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i64 noundef) #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef zeroext i1 @_ZNKSt6bitsetILm32EE9referencecvbEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16)) #3 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EE9referenceD2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16)) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_c(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i8 noundef signext) #5

attributes #0 = { mustprogress norecurse uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #6 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = distinct !{!9, !10}
!10 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !10}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::basic_istream" = type { ptr, i64, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::basic_ios" = type { %"class.std::ios_base", ptr, i8, i8, ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }
%"class.std::ios_base" = type { ptr, i64, i64, i32, i32, i32, ptr, %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words", [8 x %"struct.std::ios_base::_Words"], i32, ptr, %"class.std::locale" }
%"struct.std::ios_base::_Words" = type { ptr, i64 }
%"class.std::locale" = type { ptr }
%"class.std::basic_ostream" = type { ptr, %"class.std::basic_ios" }
%"class.std::bitset" = type { %"struct.std::_Base_bitset" }
%"struct.std::_Base_bitset" = type { i64 }
%"class.std::bitset<32>::reference" = type { ptr, i64 }

@_ZSt3cin = external global %"class.std::basic_istream", align 8
@_ZSt4cout = external global %"class.std::basic_ostream", align 8

; Function Attrs: mustprogress norecurse uwtable
define dso_local noundef i32 @main() local_unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %1 = alloca i32, align 4
  %2 = alloca %"class.std::bitset", align 8
  %3 = alloca %"class.std::bitset<32>::reference", align 8
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr nonnull %1) #6
  %4 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) @_ZSt3cin, ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4) %1)
  %5 = load i32, ptr %1, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %.not = icmp eq i32 %5, 31
  br i1 %.not, label %._crit_edge15, label %.lr.ph14

._crit_edge15:                                    ; preds = %._crit_edge, %0
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr nonnull %1) #6
  ret i32 0

.lr.ph14:                                         ; preds = %0, %._crit_edge
  %.012 = phi i32 [ %12, %._crit_edge ], [ 0, %0 ]
  %6 = lshr i32 %.012, 1
  %7 = xor i32 %6, %.012
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr nonnull %2) #6
  %8 = zext nneg i32 %7 to i64
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEC2Ey(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %2, i64 noundef %8) #6
  %9 = load i32, ptr %1, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %10 = icmp sgt i32 %9, 0
  br i1 %10, label %.lr.ph, label %._crit_edge

._crit_edge:                                      ; preds = %18, %.lr.ph14
  %11 = call noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_c(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i8 noundef signext 10)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr nonnull %2) #6
  %12 = add nuw nsw i32 %.012, 1
  %13 = load i32, ptr %1, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %14 = shl nuw i32 1, %13
  %15 = icmp slt i32 %12, %14
  br i1 %15, label %.lr.ph14, label %._crit_edge15, !llvm.loop !9

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %.lr.ph14, %18
  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ %indvars.iv.next, %18 ], [ 0, %.lr.ph14 ]
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 16, ptr nonnull %3) #6
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEixEm(ptr dead_on_unwind nonnull writable sret(%"class.std::bitset<32>::reference") align 8 %3, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) %2, i64 noundef %indvars.iv)
  %16 = call noundef zeroext i1 @_ZNKSt6bitsetILm32EE9referencecvbEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %3) #6
  %17 = invoke noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEb(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) @_ZSt4cout, i1 noundef zeroext %16)
          to label %18 unwind label %22

18:                                               ; preds = %.lr.ph
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EE9referenceD2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %3) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 16, ptr nonnull %3) #6
  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
  %19 = load i32, ptr %1, align 4, !tbaa !5
  %20 = sext i32 %19 to i64
  %21 = icmp slt i64 %indvars.iv.next, %20
  br i1 %21, label %.lr.ph, label %._crit_edge, !llvm.loop !11

22:                                               ; preds = %.lr.ph
  %23 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  call void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EE9referenceD2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) %3) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 16, ptr nonnull %3) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr nonnull %2) #6
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr nonnull %1) #6
  resume { ptr, i32 } %23
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16) ptr @_ZNSirsERi(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16), ptr noundef nonnull align 4 dereferenceable(4)) local_unnamed_addr #2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEC2Ey(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i64 noundef) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZNSolsEb(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i1 noundef zeroext) local_unnamed_addr #4 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EEixEm(ptr dead_on_unwind noalias writable sret(%"class.std::bitset<32>::reference") align 8, ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef zeroext i1 @_ZNKSt6bitsetILm32EE9referencecvbEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16)) local_unnamed_addr #3 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt6bitsetILm32EE9referenceD2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(16)) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8) ptr @_ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_c(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(8), i8 noundef signext) local_unnamed_addr #5

attributes #0 = { mustprogress norecurse uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #5 = { inlinehint mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #6 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = distinct !{!9, !10}
!10 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !10}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GlobalOptPass,IPSCCPPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,JumpThreadingPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,ReassociatePass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass