; LLVM IR from codemistic/Data-Structures-and-Algorithms :: CPP/recursion (string_reverse_using_recursion)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::stack" = type { %"class.std::deque" }
%"class.std::deque" = type { %"class.std::_Deque_base" }
%"class.std::_Deque_base" = type { %"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl" }
%"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl" = type { %"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl_data" }
%"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl_data" = type { ptr, i64, %"struct.std::_Deque_iterator", %"struct.std::_Deque_iterator" }
%"struct.std::_Deque_iterator" = type { ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z7reverseRNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %2 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %3 = alloca %"class.std::stack", align 8
  %4 = alloca i32, align 4
  %5 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %6 = alloca i32, align 4
  %7 = alloca i32, align 4
  store ptr %0, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 80, ptr %3) #4
  call void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEEC2IS2_vEEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %3)
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %4) #4
  store i32 0, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %8

8:                                                ; preds = %22, %1
  %9 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %10 = sext i32 %9 to i64
  %11 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %12 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %11) #4
  %13 = icmp ult i64 %10, %12
  br i1 %13, label %15, label %14

14:                                               ; preds = %8
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %4) #4
  br label %29

15:                                               ; preds = %8
  %16 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %17 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %18 = sext i32 %17 to i64
  %19 = invoke noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %16, i64 noundef %18)
          to label %20 unwind label %25

20:                                               ; preds = %15
  invoke void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE4pushERKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %3, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %19)
          to label %21 unwind label %25

21:                                               ; preds = %20
  br label %22

22:                                               ; preds = %21
  %23 = load i32, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %24 = add nsw i32 %23, 1
  store i32 %24, ptr %4, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %8, !llvm.loop !11

25:                                               ; preds = %20, %15
  %26 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %27 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %26, 0
  store ptr %27, ptr %5, align 8
  %28 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %26, 1
  store i32 %28, ptr %6, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %4) #4
  br label %55

29:                                               ; preds = %14
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %7) #4
  store i32 0, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %30

30:                                               ; preds = %47, %29
  %31 = load i32, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %32 = sext i32 %31 to i64
  %33 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %34 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %33) #4
  %35 = icmp ult i64 %32, %34
  br i1 %35, label %37, label %36

36:                                               ; preds = %30
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %7) #4
  br label %54

37:                                               ; preds = %30
  %38 = invoke noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3topEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %3)
          to label %39 unwind label %50

39:                                               ; preds = %37
  %40 = load i8, ptr %38, align 1, !tbaa !13
  %41 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %42 = load i32, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %43 = sext i32 %42 to i64
  %44 = invoke noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %41, i64 noundef %43)
          to label %45 unwind label %50

45:                                               ; preds = %39
  store i8 %40, ptr %44, align 1, !tbaa !13
  invoke void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3popEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %3)
          to label %46 unwind label %50

46:                                               ; preds = %45
  br label %47

47:                                               ; preds = %46
  %48 = load i32, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %49 = add nsw i32 %48, 1
  store i32 %49, ptr %7, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %30, !llvm.loop !14

50:                                               ; preds = %45, %39, %37
  %51 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  %52 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %51, 0
  store ptr %52, ptr %5, align 8
  %53 = extractvalue { ptr, i32 } %51, 1
  store i32 %53, ptr %6, align 4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %7) #4
  br label %55

54:                                               ; preds = %36
  call void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %3) #4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 80, ptr %3) #4
  ret void

55:                                               ; preds = %50, %25
  call void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %3) #4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 80, ptr %3) #4
  br label %56

56:                                               ; preds = %55
  %57 = load ptr, ptr %5, align 8
  %58 = load i32, ptr %6, align 4
  %59 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } poison, ptr %57, 0
  %60 = insertvalue { ptr, i32 } %59, i32 %58, 1
  resume { ptr, i32 } %60
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEEC2IS2_vEEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE4pushERKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80), ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), i64 noundef) #2 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3topEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3popEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!11 = distinct !{!11, !12}
!12 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!13 = !{!7, !7, i64 0}
!14 = distinct !{!14, !12}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

%"class.std::stack" = type { %"class.std::deque" }
%"class.std::deque" = type { %"class.std::_Deque_base" }
%"class.std::_Deque_base" = type { %"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl" }
%"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl" = type { %"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl_data" }
%"struct.std::_Deque_base<char, std::allocator<char>>::_Deque_impl_data" = type { ptr, i64, %"struct.std::_Deque_iterator", %"struct.std::_Deque_iterator" }
%"struct.std::_Deque_iterator" = type { ptr, ptr, ptr, ptr }

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
define dso_local void @_Z7reverseRNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) local_unnamed_addr #0 personality ptr @__gxx_personality_v0 {
  %2 = alloca %"class.std::stack", align 8
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 80, ptr nonnull %2) #4
  call void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEEC2IS2_vEEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %2)
  %3 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #4
  %.not = icmp eq i64 %3, 0
  br i1 %.not, label %.preheader, label %.lr.ph

.preheader:                                       ; preds = %6, %1
  %4 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #4
  %.not17 = icmp eq i64 %4, 0
  br i1 %.not17, label %._crit_edge, label %.lr.ph16

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %1, %6
  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ %indvars.iv.next, %6 ], [ 0, %1 ]
  %5 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %indvars.iv)
  invoke void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE4pushERKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %2, ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) %5)
          to label %6 unwind label %9

6:                                                ; preds = %.lr.ph
  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
  %7 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #4
  %8 = icmp ugt i64 %7, %indvars.iv.next
  br i1 %8, label %.lr.ph, label %.preheader, !llvm.loop !5

9:                                                ; preds = %.lr.ph
  %10 = landingpad { ptr, i32 }
          cleanup
  call void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %2) #4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 80, ptr nonnull %2) #4
  resume { ptr, i32 } %10

._crit_edge:                                      ; preds = %.lr.ph16, %.preheader
  call void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %2) #4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 80, ptr nonnull %2) #4
  ret void

.lr.ph16:                                         ; preds = %.preheader, %.lr.ph16
  %indvars.iv19 = phi i64 [ %indvars.iv.next20, %.lr.ph16 ], [ 0, %.preheader ]
  %11 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3topEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %2)
  %12 = load i8, ptr %11, align 1, !tbaa !7
  %13 = call noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0, i64 noundef %indvars.iv19)
  store i8 %12, ptr %13, align 1, !tbaa !7
  call void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3popEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80) %2)
  %indvars.iv.next20 = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv19, 1
  %14 = call noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32) %0) #4
  %15 = icmp ugt i64 %14, %indvars.iv.next20
  br i1 %15, label %.lr.ph16, label %._crit_edge, !llvm.loop !10
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEEC2IS2_vEEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef i64 @_ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE6lengthEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32)) local_unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE4pushERKc(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80), ptr noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1)) local_unnamed_addr #0 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEixEm(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(32), i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #2 align 2

declare i32 @__gxx_personality_v0(...)

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local noundef nonnull align 1 dereferenceable(1) ptr @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3topEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) local_unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEE3popEv(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) local_unnamed_addr #2 align 2

; Function Attrs: inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable
declare dso_local void @_ZNSt5stackIcSt5dequeIcSaIcEEED2Ev(ptr noundef nonnull align 8 dereferenceable(80)) unnamed_addr #3 align 2

attributes #0 = { mustprogress uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { inlinehint mustprogress nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nounwind }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = distinct !{!5, !6}
!6 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}
!7 = !{!8, !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"omnipotent char", !9, i64 0}
!9 = !{!"Simple C++ TBAA"}
!10 = distinct !{!10, !6}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GlobalOptPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,JumpThreadingPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass