; LLVM IR from AllenDowney/ExercisesInC :: examples (palindrome)

; Unoptimized IR (clang -disable-llvm-passes):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

; Function Attrs: nounwind uwtable
define dso_local ptr @palindrome1(ptr noundef %0) #0 {
  %2 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %3 = alloca i32, align 4
  %4 = alloca ptr, align 8
  %5 = alloca i32, align 4
  store ptr %0, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %3) #4
  %6 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %7 = call i64 @strlen(ptr noundef %6) #5
  %8 = trunc i64 %7 to i32
  store i32 %8, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !9
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 8, ptr %4) #4
  %9 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %10 = mul nsw i32 2, %9
  %11 = add nsw i32 %10, 1
  %12 = sext i32 %11 to i64
  %13 = mul i64 %12, 1
  %14 = call noalias ptr @malloc(i64 noundef %13) #6
  store ptr %14, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #4
  store i32 0, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %15

15:                                               ; preds = %43, %1
  %16 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %17 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %18 = icmp slt i32 %16, %17
  br i1 %18, label %20, label %19

19:                                               ; preds = %15
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %5) #4
  br label %46

20:                                               ; preds = %15
  %21 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %22 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %23 = sext i32 %22 to i64
  %24 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %21, i64 %23
  %25 = load i8, ptr %24, align 1, !tbaa !11
  %26 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %27 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %28 = sext i32 %27 to i64
  %29 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %26, i64 %28
  store i8 %25, ptr %29, align 1, !tbaa !11
  %30 = load ptr, ptr %2, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %31 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %32 = sext i32 %31 to i64
  %33 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %30, i64 %32
  %34 = load i8, ptr %33, align 1, !tbaa !11
  %35 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %36 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %37 = mul nsw i32 2, %36
  %38 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %39 = sub nsw i32 %37, %38
  %40 = sub nsw i32 %39, 1
  %41 = sext i32 %40 to i64
  %42 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %35, i64 %41
  store i8 %34, ptr %42, align 1, !tbaa !11
  br label %43

43:                                               ; preds = %20
  %44 = load i32, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %45 = add nsw i32 %44, 1
  store i32 %45, ptr %5, align 4, !tbaa !9
  br label %15, !llvm.loop !12

46:                                               ; preds = %19
  %47 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  %48 = load i32, ptr %3, align 4, !tbaa !9
  %49 = mul nsw i32 2, %48
  %50 = sext i32 %49 to i64
  %51 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %47, i64 %50
  store i8 0, ptr %51, align 1, !tbaa !11
  %52 = load ptr, ptr %4, align 8, !tbaa !5
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 8, ptr %4) #4
  call void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 4, ptr %3) #4
  ret ptr %52
}

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.start.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

; Function Attrs: nounwind willreturn memory(read)
declare i64 @strlen(ptr noundef) #2

; Function Attrs: nounwind allocsize(0)
declare noalias ptr @malloc(i64 noundef) #3

; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite)
declare void @llvm.lifetime.end.p0(i64 immarg, ptr nocapture) #1

attributes #0 = { nounwind uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: readwrite) }
attributes #2 = { nounwind willreturn memory(read) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind allocsize(0) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #4 = { nounwind }
attributes #5 = { nounwind willreturn memory(read) }
attributes #6 = { nounwind allocsize(0) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"any pointer", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"omnipotent char", !8, i64 0}
!8 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!9 = !{!10, !10, i64 0}
!10 = !{!"int", !7, i64 0}
!11 = !{!7, !7, i64 0}
!12 = distinct !{!12, !13}
!13 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Optimized IR (opt -passes='default<O3>'):
target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
target triple = "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"

; Function Attrs: nofree nounwind memory(write, argmem: read, inaccessiblemem: readwrite) uwtable
define dso_local noalias noundef ptr @palindrome1(ptr nocapture noundef readonly %0) local_unnamed_addr #0 {
  %2 = tail call i64 @strlen(ptr noundef nonnull dereferenceable(1) %0) #3
  %3 = trunc i64 %2 to i32
  %4 = shl nsw i32 %3, 1
  %5 = or disjoint i32 %4, 1
  %6 = sext i32 %5 to i64
  %7 = tail call noalias ptr @malloc(i64 noundef %6) #4
  %8 = icmp sgt i32 %3, 0
  br i1 %8, label %.lr.ph.preheader, label %.._crit_edge_crit_edge

.._crit_edge_crit_edge:                           ; preds = %1
  %.pre = sext i32 %4 to i64
  br label %._crit_edge

.lr.ph.preheader:                                 ; preds = %1
  %9 = zext nneg i32 %4 to i64
  %wide.trip.count = and i64 %2, 2147483647
  %10 = getelementptr i8, ptr %7, i64 %9
  %xtraiter = and i64 %2, 1
  %11 = icmp eq i64 %wide.trip.count, 1
  br i1 %11, label %._crit_edge.loopexit.unr-lcssa, label %.lr.ph.preheader.new

.lr.ph.preheader.new:                             ; preds = %.lr.ph.preheader
  %unroll_iter = sub nsw i64 %wide.trip.count, %xtraiter
  br label %.lr.ph

._crit_edge.loopexit.unr-lcssa:                   ; preds = %.lr.ph, %.lr.ph.preheader
  %indvars.iv.unr = phi i64 [ 0, %.lr.ph.preheader ], [ %indvars.iv.next.1, %.lr.ph ]
  %lcmp.mod.not = icmp eq i64 %xtraiter, 0
  br i1 %lcmp.mod.not, label %._crit_edge, label %.lr.ph.epil

.lr.ph.epil:                                      ; preds = %._crit_edge.loopexit.unr-lcssa
  %12 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %0, i64 %indvars.iv.unr
  %13 = load i8, ptr %12, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %14 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %7, i64 %indvars.iv.unr
  store i8 %13, ptr %14, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %15 = xor i64 %indvars.iv.unr, -1
  %16 = getelementptr i8, ptr %10, i64 %15
  store i8 %13, ptr %16, align 1, !tbaa !5
  br label %._crit_edge

._crit_edge:                                      ; preds = %.lr.ph.epil, %._crit_edge.loopexit.unr-lcssa, %.._crit_edge_crit_edge
  %.pre-phi = phi i64 [ %.pre, %.._crit_edge_crit_edge ], [ %9, %._crit_edge.loopexit.unr-lcssa ], [ %9, %.lr.ph.epil ]
  %17 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %7, i64 %.pre-phi
  store i8 0, ptr %17, align 1, !tbaa !5
  ret ptr %7

.lr.ph:                                           ; preds = %.lr.ph, %.lr.ph.preheader.new
  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ 0, %.lr.ph.preheader.new ], [ %indvars.iv.next.1, %.lr.ph ]
  %niter = phi i64 [ 0, %.lr.ph.preheader.new ], [ %niter.next.1, %.lr.ph ]
  %18 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %0, i64 %indvars.iv
  %19 = load i8, ptr %18, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %20 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %7, i64 %indvars.iv
  store i8 %19, ptr %20, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %21 = xor i64 %indvars.iv, -1
  %22 = getelementptr i8, ptr %10, i64 %21
  store i8 %19, ptr %22, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %indvars.iv.next = or disjoint i64 %indvars.iv, 1
  %23 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %0, i64 %indvars.iv.next
  %24 = load i8, ptr %23, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %25 = getelementptr inbounds i8, ptr %7, i64 %indvars.iv.next
  store i8 %24, ptr %25, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %26 = xor i64 %indvars.iv, -2
  %27 = getelementptr i8, ptr %10, i64 %26
  store i8 %24, ptr %27, align 1, !tbaa !5
  %indvars.iv.next.1 = add nuw nsw i64 %indvars.iv, 2
  %niter.next.1 = add i64 %niter, 2
  %niter.ncmp.1 = icmp eq i64 %niter.next.1, %unroll_iter
  br i1 %niter.ncmp.1, label %._crit_edge.loopexit.unr-lcssa, label %.lr.ph, !llvm.loop !8
}

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: read)
declare i64 @strlen(ptr nocapture noundef) local_unnamed_addr #1

; Function Attrs: mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn allockind("alloc,uninitialized") allocsize(0) memory(inaccessiblemem: readwrite)
declare noalias noundef ptr @malloc(i64 noundef) local_unnamed_addr #2

attributes #0 = { nofree nounwind memory(write, argmem: read, inaccessiblemem: readwrite) uwtable "min-legal-vector-width"="0" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #1 = { mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn memory(argmem: read) "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #2 = { mustprogress nofree nounwind willreturn allockind("alloc,uninitialized") allocsize(0) memory(inaccessiblemem: readwrite) "alloc-family"="malloc" "no-trapping-math"="true" "stack-protector-buffer-size"="8" "target-cpu"="x86-64" "target-features"="+cmov,+cx8,+fxsr,+mmx,+sse,+sse2,+x87" "tune-cpu"="generic" }
attributes #3 = { nounwind willreturn memory(read) }
attributes #4 = { nounwind allocsize(0) }

!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
!llvm.ident = !{!4}

!0 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 4}
!1 = !{i32 8, !"PIC Level", i32 2}
!2 = !{i32 7, !"PIE Level", i32 2}
!3 = !{i32 7, !"uwtable", i32 2}
!4 = !{!"clang version 19.1.0 (git@github.com:llvm/llvm-project.git a4bf6cd7cfb1a1421ba92bca9d017b49936c55e4)"}
!5 = !{!6, !6, i64 0}
!6 = !{!"omnipotent char", !7, i64 0}
!7 = !{!"Simple C/C++ TBAA"}
!8 = distinct !{!8, !9}
!9 = !{!"llvm.loop.mustprogress"}


; Effective O3 passes: EarlyCSEPass,GVNPass,GlobalOptPass,IndVarSimplifyPass,InferFunctionAttrsPass,InstCombinePass,InstSimplifyPass,JumpThreadingPass,LCSSAPass,LICMPass,LoopRotatePass,LoopSimplifyPass,LoopUnrollPass,PostOrderFunctionAttrsPass,ReassociatePass,SROAPass,SimplifyCFGPass,TailCallElimPass