Case: 5:17-cv-11149 As of: 09/04/2018 12:58 PM EDT 1 of 6
U.S. District Court Eastern District of Michigan (Ann Arbor) CIVIL DOCKET FOR CASE #: 5:17−cv−11149−JEL−EAS

American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan v. U.S. Department Date Filed: 04/12/2017

of Homeland Security et al

Jury Demand: None

Assigned to: District Judge Judith E. Levy

Nature of Suit: 895 Freedom of

Referred to: Magistrate Judge Elizabeth A. Stafford

Information Act

Cause: 05:552 Freedom of Information Act

Jurisdiction: U.S. Government Defendant

Plaintiff

American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan

represented by Andrew Goddeeris Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn LLP 660 Woodward Avenue 2290 First National Bldg. Detroit, MI 48226 313−465−8046 Fax: 313−465−8047 Email: agoddeeris@honigman.com (Inactive) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Andrew M. Pauwels Honigman Miller Schwartz and Cohn 660 Woodward Avenue Suite 2290 Detroit, MI 48226 313−465−7290 Fax: 313−465−7291 Email: apauwels@honigman.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Michael J. Steinberg American Civil Liberties Union Fund of Michigan 2966 Woodward Avenue Detroit, MI 48201 313−578−6814 Email: msteinberg@aclumich.org ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Miriam J. Aukerman American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan West Michigan Regional Office 1514 Wealth St., SE Grand Rapids, MI 49506 616−301−0930 Email: maukerman@aclumich.org ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Gabriel E. Bedoya Honigman Miller Schwartz & Cohn LLP 2290 First National Bank 660 Woodard Avenue Detroit, MI 48226−3506 313−465−7254 Fax: 313−465−7255 Email: gbedoya@honigman.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

V.

Case: 5:17-cv-11149 As of: 09/04/2018 12:58 PM EDT 2 of 6

Defendant U.S. Department of Homeland Security

represented by Ashley Cheung U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Branch Programs 20 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington, DC 20530 202−616−8267 Email: ashley.cheung@usdoj.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Chetan Patil U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20530 202−305−4968 Email: chetan.patil@usdoj.gov TERMINATED: 09/28/2017 ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Julie Straus Harris US Department of Justice, Civil Division Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20001 (202) 353−7633 Fax: (202) 616−8460 Email: Julie.StrausHarris@usdoj.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Matthew Berns U.S. Department of Justice Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20530 202−616−8016 Fax: 202−616−8470 Email: matthew.j.berns@usdoj.gov TERMINATED: 09/28/2017 ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant U.S. Customs and Border Protection

represented by Ashley Cheung (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Chetan Patil (See above for address) TERMINATED: 09/28/2017 ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Julie Straus Harris (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Matthew Berns (See above for address) TERMINATED: 09/28/2017 ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Date Filed # Docket Text

Case: 5:17-cv-11149 As of: 09/04/2018 12:58 PM EDT 3 of 6

04/12/2017
04/12/2017 04/12/2017 04/12/2017 04/12/2017 04/12/2017 04/12/2017 04/12/2017 04/12/2017 04/12/2017
04/19/2017
04/25/2017 05/08/2017 05/08/2017 05/08/2017
05/16/2017 05/19/2017

1 COMPLAINT for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief for Violation of the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. Section 552 et seq. filed by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan against U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Plaintiff requests summons issued. Receipt No: 0645−6180618 − Fee: &#036 400. County of 1st Plaintiff: Wayne − County Where Action Arose: Wayne − [Previously dismissed case: No] [Possible companion case(s): None] (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit A−Airport Request, # 3 Exhibit B−Ports of Entry Request, # 4 Exhibit C−Airports Request, Certified Mail Receipts and Signed Returned Receipts, # 5 Exhibit D−Ports of Entry Request, Certified Mail Receipts and Signed Return Receipts, # 6 Exhibit E−CBP Acknowledgement of Airport Request, # 7 Exhibit F−CBP Acknowledgement of Ports of Entry Request) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
2 STATEMENT of DISCLOSURE of CORPORATE AFFILIATIONS and FINANCIAL INTEREST by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
3 ATTORNEY APPEARANCE: Andrew M. Pauwels appearing on behalf of American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (Pauwels, Andrew) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
4 ATTORNEY APPEARANCE: Andrew Goddeeris appearing on behalf of American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (Goddeeris, Andrew) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
5 ATTORNEY APPEARANCE: Miriam J. Aukerman appearing on behalf of American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (Aukerman, Miriam) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
6 NOTICE of Appearance by Michael J. Steinberg on behalf of All Plaintiffs. (Steinberg, Michael) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
7 SUMMONS Issued for *U.S. Customs and Border Protection* (LHos) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
8 SUMMONS Issued for *U.S. Department of Homeland Security* (LHos) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
9 SUMMONS Issued for the United States Attorney and the Office of the Attorney General. (LHos) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
A United States Magistrate Judge of this Court is available to conduct all proceedings in this civil action in accordance with 28 U.S.C. 636c and FRCP 73. The Notice, Consent, and Reference of a Civil Action to a Magistrate Judge form is available for download at http://www.mied.uscourts.gov (LHos) (Entered: 04/12/2017)
10 CERTIFICATE of Service/Summons Returned Executed. U.S. Attorney on behalf of U.S. Customs and Border Protection served on 4/13/2017, answer due 6/12/2017; U.S. Department of Homeland Security served on 4/13/2017, answer due 6/12/2017. (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 04/19/2017)
11 CERTIFICATE of Service/Summons Returned Executed. U.S. Customs and Border Protection served on 04/19/2017. (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 04/25/2017)
12 NOTICE of Appearance by Matthew Berns on behalf of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 05/08/2017)
13 CERTIFICATE of Service/Summons Returned Executed. U. S. Department of Homeland Security served on 04/17/17. (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 05/08/2017)
14 NOTICE by All Defendants of Motion filed with the JPML to Transfer Action Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1407 (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit 1 − Transfer Motion, # 3 Exhibit 2 − Supporting Memorandum, # 4 Exhibit 3 − Schedule of Actions) (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 05/08/2017)
15 STIPULATED ORDER for Extension of Time to Respond to Plaintiff's Complaint − Signed by District Judge Judith E. Levy. (FMos) (Entered: 05/16/2017)
16 MOTION to Stay Proceedings Pending Decision on Motion to Transfer by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 05/19/2017)

Case: 5:17-cv-11149 As of: 09/04/2018 12:58 PM EDT 4 of 6

05/19/2017 05/22/2017 05/31/2017
06/02/2017
06/06/2017 06/07/2017
06/09/2017 06/16/2017 06/19/2017 06/20/2017 06/22/2017 06/22/2017 06/29/2017 06/30/2017 07/13/2017 07/25/2017 08/03/2017 08/04/2017

17 NOTICE of Appearance by Chetan Patil on behalf of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (Patil, Chetan) (Entered: 05/19/2017)
18 Notice of Determination of Motion Without Oral Argument re 16 MOTION to Stay Proceedings Pending Decision on Motion to Transfer (FMos) (Entered: 05/22/2017)
19 NOTICE of Joinder/Concurrence in by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan in Opposition to Defendants' Motion for Transfer to the District of Columbia for Consolidation (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit 1 − Memorandum of Plaintiffs, # 3 Exhibit 2 − Joinder) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 05/31/2017)
20 RESPONSE to 16 MOTION to Stay Proceedings Pending Decision on Motion to Transfer filed by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan. (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit 1−Declaration of Farah Al−Khersan, # 3 Exhibit 2−Declaration of Ruby Robinson, # 4 Exhibit 3−Declaration of Ahmed Shalabi, MD, # 5 Exhibit 4−Memorandum of Plaintiffs) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 06/02/2017)
21 NOTICE by All Defendants of Filing JPML Reply Brief (Attachments: # 1 JPML Reply Brief) (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 06/06/2017)
22 NOTICE by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan re 20 Response to Motion, Plaintiff's Notice of Supplemental Authority (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit A−Order Denying Motion to Stay Proceeding, # 3 Exhibit B−Motion to Stay Proceedings) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 06/07/2017)
23 REPLY to Response re 16 MOTION to Stay Proceedings Pending Decision on Motion to Transfer filed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 06/09/2017)
24 NOTICE by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security re 22 Notice (Other), Defendants' Response to Plaintiff's Notice of Supplemental Authority (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 06/16/2017)
25 NOTICE by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security of Decision in Related Case (Attachments: # 1 District of Maine Order) (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 06/19/2017)
26 RESPONSE to 25 Notice (Other) Defendants' Notice of Decision and Certificate of Service by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan. (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 06/20/2017)
27 NOTICE by All Defendants of Recent Decisions (Attachments: # 1 Central District of California Opinion, # 2 District of Oregon Opinion) (Berns, Matthew) (Entered: 06/22/2017)
28 ORDER signed by District Judge Judith E. Levy denying 16 Motion to Stay. (Grimes, K.) (Entered: 06/22/2017)
29 ANSWER to Complaint with Affirmative Defenses by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (Patil, Chetan) (Entered: 06/29/2017)
30 NOTICE TO APPEAR: Scheduling Conference set for 8/1/2017 at 10:00 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 06/30/2017)
Set Deadlines/Hearings: Scheduling Conference reset for 8/10/2017 at 10:30 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 07/13/2017)
Set Deadlines/Hearings: ***TIME CHANGE ONLY*** Scheduling Conference set for 8/10/2017 at 11:30 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 07/25/2017)
31 ORDER Denying Transfer from Multidistrict Litigation Panel for MDL 2786. (SSch) (Entered: 08/03/2017)
Set Deadlines/Hearings: Scheduling Conference reset for 9/7/2017 at 10:30 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 08/04/2017)

Case: 5:17-cv-11149 As of: 09/04/2018 12:58 PM EDT 5 of 6

08/04/2017 08/31/2017 09/05/2017 09/07/2017 09/07/2017
09/15/2017 09/20/2017
09/27/2017 09/28/2017 09/29/2017 10/05/2017
10/26/2017 10/26/2017 11/09/2017
11/28/2017
12/08/2017 03/29/2018 04/27/2018

32 DISCOVERY plan jointly filed pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 26(f) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 08/04/2017)
33 DISCOVERY plan jointly filed pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 26(f) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 08/31/2017)
34 NOTICE of Appearance by Julie Straus Harris on behalf of All Defendants. (Straus Harris, Julie) (Entered: 09/05/2017)
Minute Entry for proceedings before District Judge Judith E. Levy: Status Conference held on 9/7/2017. Scheduling Conference to be rescheduled at a later date. (SBur) (Entered: 09/07/2017)
35 ORDER Regarding Production and Setting of Dates. (TELEPHONIC Status Conference set for 11/8/2017 at 10:00 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy) − Plaintiff shall initiate the call at 734.887.4700. Signed by District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 09/07/2017)
36 NOTICE by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Defendants' Proposal for Review and Production of Email Records (Straus Harris, Julie) (Entered: 09/15/2017)
37 NOTICE by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan re 36 Notice (Other) Plaintiff's Response to Defendants' Proposal for Review and Production of Email Records (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A−Declaration of Scott Pilat with Resume, # 2 Exhibit B−Rickerd Letter) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 09/20/2017)
38 MOTION for Withdrawal of Attorney Matthew J. Berns and Chetan A. Patil by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (Patil, Chetan) (Entered: 09/27/2017)
39 ORDER granting 38 Motion to Withdraw as Attorney.. Signed by District Judge Judith E. Levy. (DWor) (Entered: 09/28/2017)
40 Joint Status REPORT by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 09/29/2017)
41 ORDER Moving Telephonic Status Conference. (TELEPHONIC Status Conference set for 10/26/2017 at 9:30 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy) Please use the following call−in information: 888.363.4734; Access Code: 2541474. Signed by District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 10/05/2017)
Minute Entry for proceedings before District Judge Judith E. Levy: Telephonic Status Conference held on 10/26/2017. (Court Reporter: Jeseca Eddington) (SBur) (Entered: 10/26/2017)
42 ORDER Regarding Production of Documents from Initial Custodians and Supplemental Briefing. Signed by District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 10/26/2017)
43 SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF re 42 Order filed by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan. (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit A−Spreadsheet, # 3 Exhibit B−Sample Form I−44, # 4 Exhibit C−Email Exchange) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 11/09/2017)
44 SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF re 42 Order, 43 Supplemental Brief, Response to Plaintiff's Supplemental Brief Pursuant to Court Order filed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Declaration of Patrick Howard) (Straus Harris, Julie) (Entered: 11/28/2017)
45 SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF re 43 Supplemental Brief, Plaintiff's Reply Brief Pursuant to Court Order filed by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A−Spreadsheet) (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 12/08/2017)
46 NOTICE of Appearance by Ashley Cheung on behalf of All Defendants. (Cheung, Ashley) (Entered: 03/29/2018)
47 Joint Status REPORT by American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (Bedoya, Gabriel) (Entered: 04/27/2018)

Case: 5:17-cv-11149 As of: 09/04/2018 12:58 PM EDT 6 of 6

06/21/2018
06/27/2018 07/31/2018
08/24/2018 08/24/2018 08/30/2018

48 NOTICE TO APPEAR BY TELEPHONE: Telephonic Status Conference set for 7/16/2018 at 11:00 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy. Please use the following call−in information: 888.363.4734; Access Code: 2541474 (SBur) (Entered: 06/21/2018)
Set Deadlines/Hearings: TELEPHONIC Status Conference reset for 7/31/2018 at 10:00 AM before District Judge Judith E. Levy. Please use the following call−in information: 888.363.4734; Access Code: 2541474 (SBur) (Entered: 06/27/2018)
Minute Entry for proceedings before District Judge Judith E. Levy: Telephonic Status Conference held on 7/31/2018. Parties are to meet and confer by 8/10/18 regarding outstanding production issues, including production of sample TECS records. Parties are to provide a proposed order setting briefing schedule for dispositive motions on or before 8/24/18. (Court Reporter: Darlene May) (SBur) (Entered: 07/31/2018)
49 Joint Status REPORT by All Defendants (Cheung, Ashley) (Entered: 08/24/2018)
TEXT−ONLY ORDER re 49 Joint Status Report. The parties are required to file a joint status report by no later than November 30, 2018. Signed by District Judge Judith E. Levy. (SBur) (Entered: 08/24/2018)
50 NOTICE by All Defendants re 44 Supplemental Brief, Production of Sample TECS Records (Attachments: # 1 Index of Exhibits, # 2 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 1, # 3 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 2, # 4 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 3, # 5 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 4, # 6 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 5, # 7 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 6, # 8 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 7, # 9 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 8, # 10 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 9, # 11 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 10, # 12 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 11, # 13 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 12, # 14 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 13, # 15 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 14, # 16 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 15, # 17 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 16, # 18 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 17, # 19 Exhibit Sample TECS Record 18) (Cheung, Ashley) (Entered: 08/30/2018)

 
 5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 1 of 29 Pg ID 1

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION

AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF ) Case No.

MICHIGAN,

)

)

)

Plaintiff,

)

)

v.

)

)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND )

SECURITY and U.S. CUSTOMS AND

)

BORDER PROTECTION,

)

)

Defendants.

)

COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF FOR VIOLATION OF THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 5 U.S.C. § 552 et seq. I. INTRODUCTION
1. The American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (“Plaintiff” or “ACLU”) brings this action under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552 et seq., as amended, to obtain declaratory, injunctive, and other appropriate relief requiring Defendants U.S. Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) (collectively, “Defendants”) to respond to FOIA requests sent by Plaintiff on February 2, 2017 (the “Airport Request”), and February 10, 2017 (the “Ports of Entry Request”) (collectively, the “Requests”), and to promptly disclose the requested records.

1

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 2 of 29 Pg ID 2
2. The Requests seek records concerning CBP’s local implementation of President Trump’s January 27, 2017 Executive Order titled “Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States,” Exec. Order No. 13769, 82 Fed. Reg. 8977 (Feb. 1, 2017) (“Executive Order No. 1”), as well as any other judicial order or executive directive issued regarding Executive Order No. 1, including President Trump’s March 6, 2017 Executive Order, identically titled, Exec. Order No. 13780, 82 Fed. Reg. 13209 (Mar. 6, 2017) (“Executive Order No. 2”) (collectively, the “Executive Orders”).
3. The Airport Request seeks records concerning CBP’s local implementation of the Executive Orders at sites within the purview of CBP’s Detroit Field Office. These include Detroit Metropolitan Airport and Detroit Metropolitan Airport Port of Entry Office. A true and correct copy of the Airport Request is attached as Exhibit A.
4. The Ports of Entry Request seeks records concerning CBP’s local implementation of the Executive Orders at other ports of entry within the purview of the Detroit Field Office. These other ports of entry include the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, the Ambassador Bridge in Detroit, and the Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron (collectively, with the Detroit Airport Port of Entry Office, “Ports of Entry”). A true and correct copy of the Ports of Entry Request is attached as Exhibit B.
2

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 3 of 29 Pg ID 3
5. Among other things, the Executive Orders purport to halt refugee admissions and bar entrants from several predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States.
6. Defendants’ implementation of the Executive Orders has been the subject of significant public concern, as reflected by mass protests around the country, substantial news coverage, and numerous lawsuits following the President’s signing of each Executive Order.
7. Over the weekend of January 27-29, 2017, at least five lawsuits resulted in emergency court orders enjoining implementation of various sections of Executive Order No. 1.1 On February 2, 2017, the District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan (Roberts, J.) enjoined application of sections 3(c) and 3(e) against lawful permanent residents of the United States.2 On March 15, 2017, the District Court of Hawai’i enjoined implementation of sections 2 and 6 of Executive Order No. 2.3
1 Vayeghan v. Kelly, No. CV 17-0702, 2017 WL 396531 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 29, 2017); Tootkaboni v. Trump, No. 17-CV-10154, 2017 WL 386550 (D. Mass. Jan. 29, 2017); Doe v. Trump, No. C17-126, 2017 WL 388532 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 28, 2017); Aziz v. Trump, No. 1:17-CV-116, 2017 WL 386549 (E.D. Va. Jan. 28, 2017); Darweesh v. Trump, No. 17 CIV. 480 (AMD), 2017 WL 388504 (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 28, 2017). 2 Arab American Civil Rights League v. Trump, No. CV17-10310 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 2, 2017). 3 Hawai’i v. Trump, No. CV 17-00050 DKW-KSC, 2017 WL 1011673 (D. Haw. Mar. 15, 2017).
3

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8. News reports described Defendants’ implementation of the Executive
Orders as “chaotic” and “total[ly] lack[ing] . . . clarity and direction.”4
9. Official DHS statements reflected this confusion. For example, DHS
stated on January 28 that Executive Order No. 1 would “bar green card holders.”5
The next day, however, DHS Secretary John Kelly deemed “the entry of lawful
permanent residents to be in the national interest,”6 and the government clarified that
Executive Order No. 1 did not apply to green card holders.7
10. Reportedly spurred by this chaos, on January 29, Senators Tammy
Duckworth and Dick Durbin called upon the Office of the Inspector General of the
Department of Homeland Security to investigate Defendants’ implementation of
4 See, e.g., Ryan Devereaux et al., Homeland Security Inspector General Opens Investigation of Muslim Ban, Orders Document Preservation, THE INTERCEPT, Feb. 1, 2017, available at https://theintercept.com/2017/02/01/homeland-securityinspector-general-opens-investigation-of-muslim-ban-rollout-orders-documentpreservation/. 5 See Max Greenwood, Immigration Ban Includes Green Card Holders: DHS, THE HILL, Jan. 28, 2017, available at http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/316670trump-refugee-ban-bars-green-card-holders-report. 6 Statement By Secretary John Kelly On The Entry Of Lawful Permanent Residents Into The United States, DEP’T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29, 2017), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/01/29/statement-secretary-john-kelly-entrylawful-permanent-residents-united-states. 7 See Robert Mackey, As Protests Escalate, Trump Retreats From Barring Green Card Holders, THE INTERCEPT, Jan. 29, 2017, available at https://theintercept.com/2017/01/29/trumps-executive-order-no-longer-bars-greencard-holders/.
4

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Executive Order No. 1.8 The senators specifically sought information regarding any
guidance Defendants provided to the White House in developing the order; any
directions that were provided to Defendants in implementing it; whether CBP
officers complied with the relevant court orders; and whether DHS and CBP officers
kept a list of individuals that they had detained at ports of entry under the order. In
response, the Inspector General directed Defendants’ personnel to preserve all
records “that might reasonably lead to the discovery of relevant information relating the implementation of” Executive Order No. 1.9
11. At Detroit Metropolitan Airport, confusion over the implementation of the Executive Orders reportedly led to the detention of travelers.10 Fueling the
discord, CBP officials would not respond to requests for information about how many travelers had been detained at the airport.11
8 See Ryan Devereaux et al., Homeland Security Inspector General Opens Investigation of Muslim Ban, Orders Document Preservation, THE INTERCEPT, Feb. 1, 2017, available at https://theintercept.com/2017/02/01/homeland-securityinspector-general-opens-investigation-of-muslim-ban-rollout-orders-documentpreservation/. 9 Id. 10 See, e.g., Joanna Walters, Edward Helmore, and Saeed Dehghan, US Airports on Frontline as Donald Trump’s Travel Ban Causes Chaos and Protests, THE GUARDIAN (Jan. 28, 2017), https://www.theguardian.com/usnews/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump. 11 See, e.g., Niraj Warikoo, David Jesse, and Eric Lawrence, West Bloomfield Couple Targeted at Border Amid Immigration Ban Tumult, DETROIT FREE PRESS (Jan. 28, 2017), http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/01/28/university-
5

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12. Local attorneys flocked to the airport to provide services to travelers, as government agents reportedly subjected green card holders to invasive searches of their belongings, electronic devices, text messages, and e-mail accounts in what was described as a chaotic scene with “very little protocols or rules set in place.”12
13. Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW) ranks as the nineteenth busiest airport in the United States.13 The airport is the second largest airport in the Midwest by passenger traffic,14 as well as a key hub and market for Delta Airlines and Spirit Airlines.15 In 2016, DTW serviced over 35 million international and domestic
michigan-students-immigration-status/97183426/. 12 See, e.g., Tresa Baldas, Travelers’ Texts, Emails Searched at Detroit Metro Airport, DETROIT FREE PRESS (Jan. 30, 2017), http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/wayne/2017/01/30/travelerstexts-emails-searched-detroit-metro-airport/97257722/. 13 2015 North American (ACI-NA) Top 50 airports (includes Passenger, Cargo and Movements), AIRPORTS COUNCIL INT’L., http://www.aci-na.org/sites/default/files/nam2015_top_50.xlsx (last visited Apr. 12, 2017). 14 Id. 15 Corporate Stats and Facts, DELTA NEWS HUB (Mar. 31, 2016), http://news.delta.com/corporate-stats-and-facts; Leonard Fleming, Spirit Airlines to build new hangar at Metro Airport, THE DETROIT NEWS (June 26, 2015), http://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/2015/06/26/spirit-airlines-metroairport/29333367/ (announcing that Spirit Airlines would build its third largest maintenance hangar at DTW).
6

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passengers.16 In 2016, 1,474,873 passengers deplaned from international flights at DTW.17
14. The confusion was also manifest at Michigan’s Ports of Entry. At the Port Huron port of entry, for example, a U.S. citizen and a permanent resident from Canada were detained shortly after the issuance of the Executive Order No. 1. CBP agents reportedly told travelers that they “[didn’t] know what’s going on” and that “[t]he order [was] not clear.”18
15. The Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel are, respectively, the busiest and second-busiest border crossing between the United States and Canada.19

16 Passenger Traffic Up in 2016 at Detroit Metro Airport, DETROIT FREE PRESS, (Feb. 7, 2017), http://www.freep.com/story/travel/2017/02/07/detroit-metro-airportdtw-trafific/97606540/.

17 Annual Year End Aviation Report – Calendar Year 2016, WAYNE COUNTY

AIRPORT

AUTHORITY, available at

http://wcaa.us/Portals/WCAACorp/Full_Report(CY)_Final_2016.pdf (last visited

Apr. 12, 2017).

18 See, e.g., Niraj Warikoo, David Jesse, and Eric Lawrence, West Bloomfield Couple Targeted at Border Amid Immigration Ban Tumult, DETROIT FREE PRESS (Jan. 28, 2017), http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/01/28/universitymichigan-students-immigration-status/97183426/.

19 See Ambassador Bridge, MDOT, http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-1519618_11088---,00.html (last visited Apr. 12, 2017); Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, MDOT, http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9618_11089---,00.html (last visited Apr. 12, 2017).

7

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16. Upon information and belief, Michigan residents were among those most severely impacted by the Executive Orders, which barred entry to individuals from certain predominantly Muslim countries. Of the major metropolitan areas in the United States, Detroit has the highest number of residents per capita from the seven countries barred under Executive Order No. 1.20 Michigan also ranks fourth among states resettling refugees, having welcomed more than 4,250 individuals in fiscal year 2016.21
17. Disclosure of the records Plaintiff seeks through this action would facilitate the public’s understanding of how Defendants implemented and enforced the Executive Orders through the Detroit Field Office, particularly at Detroit Metropolitan Airport and at Michigan’s border crossings with Canada. Such information is critical to the public’s ability to hold the government accountable.
18. This action is necessary because Defendants have failed to provide Plaintiff with a determination as to whether they will comply with the Requests,

20 Alan Berube, These Communities Have a Lot at Stake in Trump’s Executive Order

on

Immigration,

BROOKINGS

INSTITUTE

(Jan. 30,

2017),

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2017/01/30/these-communities-have-

a-lot-at-stake-in-trumps-executive-order-on-immigration/.

21 Key Facts About Refugees to the U.S., PEW RESEARCH CENTER (Jan. 30, 2017), http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/30/key-facts-about-refugees-to-theu-s/.

8

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 9 of 29 Pg ID 9
although more than 20 business days have elapsed since Defendants received the Requests.
II. PARTIES, JURISDICTION, AND VENUE 19. Plaintiff American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan is a non-profit, 501(c)(4) membership organization that educates the public about the civil liberties implications of pending and proposed state and federal legislation, provides analysis of pending and proposed legislation, directly lobbies legislators, and mobilizes its members to lobby their legislators. 20. Defendant U.S. Department of Homeland Security is a department of the executive branch of the U.S. government and an agency within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. § 552(f)(1). 21. Defendant U.S. Customs and Border Protection is a component of DHS and a federal agency within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. § 552(f)(1). 22. Plaintiff is informed and therefore believes that Defendants have possession, custody, or control of the requested records. 23. This Court has subject-matter jurisdiction over this action and personal jurisdiction over the parties under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B), 5 U.S.C. §§ 701–706, and 28 U.S.C. § 1331. 24. Venue in the Eastern District of Michigan is proper under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B), as the majority of the requested agency records are, upon
9

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 10 of 29 Pg ID 10
information and belief, situated within this District at CBP facilities at or near Detroit Metropolitan Airport and Port of Entry Offices in Detroit and Port Huron. Plaintiff ACLU of Michigan’s principal place of business is also in the Eastern District of Michigan. For the same reasons, venue also is proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(e).
III. STATEMENT OF FACTS A. The Airport Request
25. On February 2, 2017, Plaintiff sent the Airport Request to CBP’s Detroit Field Office via certified, trackable U.S. mail, with a tracking number of 70161370000064302167, and to CBP’s FOIA Officer at CBP Headquarters via certified, trackable U.S. mail, with a tracking number of 70160340000042466043.
26. The Airport Request sought copies of CBP’s local interpretation and enforcement of the Executive Order at Detroit Metropolitan Airport and the Detroit Metropolitan Airport Port of Entry Office. The Airport Request expressly did not seek information held in the records of CBP Headquarters.
27. Specifically, the Airport Request sought the following: 1. “Records created on or after January 27, 2017 concerning CBP’s interpretation, enforcement, and implementation of the following at Local International Airports: a. President Trump’s Executive Order, signed on January 27, 2017 and titled ‘Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States’;
10

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 11 of 29 Pg ID 11
b. Any guidance ‘provided to DHS field personnel shortly’ after President Trump signed the Executive Order, as referenced in CBP’s online FAQ;22
c. Associate Director of Field Operations for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Daniel M. Renaud’s email, sent at 11:12 A.M. on January 27, 2017, instructing DHS employees that they could not adjudicate any immigration claims from the seven targeted countries;23
d. Judge Donnelly’s Decision and Order granting an Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Eastern District of New York on January 28, 2017, including records related to CBP’s efforts to comply with the court’s oral order requiring prompt production of a list of all class members detained by CBP;24
e. Judge Brinkema’s Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Eastern District of Virginia on January 28, 2017;25
22 To assist CBP in responding, the Request included the following information in a footnote for reference: “Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION (Jan. 31, 2017), available at https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entryunited-states (‘The Executive Order and the instructions therein were effective at the time of the order’s signing. Guidance was provided to DHS field personnel shortly thereafter.’) (emphasis added).” 23 The following footnote was included for reference: “See Alice Speri and Ryan Devereaux, Turmoil at DHS and State Department—‘There Are People Literally Crying in the Office Here,’ THE INTERCEPT, Jan. 30, 2017, available at https://theintercept.com/2017/01/30/asylum-officials-and-state-department-inturmoil-there-are-people-literally-crying-in-the-office-here/.” 24 The following footnote was included for reference: “Decision and Order, Darweesh v. Trump, No. 17 Civ. 480 (AMD) (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 28, 2017), available at https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/darweesh-v-trump-decision-and-order.” 25 The following footnote was included for reference: “Temporary Restraining Order, Aziz v. Trump, No. 1:17-cv-116 (E.D. Va. Jan. 28, 2017), available at https://www.justice4all.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/TRO-order-signed.pdf.”
11

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 12 of 29 Pg ID 12
f. Judge Zilly’s Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Western District of Washington on January 28, 2017;26
g. Judge Burroughs’ Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the District of Massachusetts on January 29, 2017;27
h. Judge Gee’s Order granting an Amended Ex Parte Application for Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Central District of California on January 29, 2017;28
i. Assurances from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania that all individuals detained at Philadelphia International Airport under the Executive Order would be admitted to the United States and released from custody on Sunday, January 29, 2017;
j. DHS’s ‘Response to Recent Litigation’ statement, issued on January 29, 2017;29
k. DHS Secretary John Kelly’s ‘Statement on the Entry of Lawful Permanent Residents Into the United States,’ issued on January 29, 2017;30
26 The following footnote was included for reference: “Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, Doe v. Trump, No. C17-126 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 28, 2017), available at https://www.justsecurity.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/01/Seattle-Order.pdf.” 27 The following footnote was included for reference: “Temporary Restraining Order, Tootkaboni v. Trump, No. 17-cv-10154 (D. Mass. Jan. 29, 2017), available at https://aclum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/6-TRO-Jan-29-2017.pdf.” 28 The following footnote was included for reference: “Order, Vayeghan v. Trump, No. CV 17-0702 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 28, 2017), available at https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/vayeghan_-_order_re_tro.pdf.” 29 The following footnote was included for reference: “Department of Homeland Security Response to Recent Litigation, DEP’T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29, 2017), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/01/29/department-homelandsecurity-response-recent-litigation.” 30 The following footnote was included for reference: “Statement from Secretary
12

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l. DHS’s ‘Statement on Compliance with Court Orders and the President’s Executive Order,’ issued on January 29, 2017;31 and
m. Any other judicial order or executive directive issued regarding the Executive Order on or after January 27, 2017.
2. Records concerning the number of individuals who were detained or subjected to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver at Local International Airports pursuant to the Executive Order, including:
a. The total number of individuals who remain detained or subject to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver at Local International Airports both as of the date of this request and as of the date on which this request is processed; and
b. The total number of individuals who have been detained or subjected to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver for any length of time at Local International Airports since January 27, 2017, including the number of individuals who have been
i. released,
ii. transferred into immigration detention, or
iii. removed from the United States;

Kelly on the President’s Appointment of Thomas D. Homan as Acting ICE Director, DEP’T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 30, 2017), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/01/30/statement-secretary-kelly-presidentsappointment-thomas-d-homan-acting-ice-director.”

31 The following footnote was included for reference: “DHS Statement On

Compliance With Court Orders And The President’s Executive Order, DEP’T OF

HOMELAND

SECURITY

(Jan.

29,

2017),

available

at

https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/01/29/dhs-statement-compliance-court-orders-

and-presidents-executive-order.”

13

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 14 of 29 Pg ID 14
3. Records concerning the number of individuals who have been removed from Local International Airports from January 27, 2017 to date pursuant to the Executive Order;
4. Records concerning the number of individuals who arrived at Local International Airports from January 27, 2017 to date with valid visas or green cards who subsequently agreed voluntarily to return; and
5. Records containing the ‘guidance’ that was ‘provided to DHS field personnel shortly’ after President Trump signed the Executive Order.”32
See Ex. A at 5-7. 28. The Airport Request included an application for expedited processing,
on the grounds that there is a “compelling need” for these records under 5 U.S.C.
§ 552(a)(6)(E)(v)(II) because the information requested is “urgen[tly]” needed by an
organization primarily engaged in disseminating information “to inform the public
concerning actual or alleged Federal Government activity.” See Ex. A at 8.
29. The Airport Request provided detail showing that the ACLU is
primarily engaged in disseminating information within the meaning of 5 U.S.C.
§ 552(a)(6)(E)(v), given that a critical and substantial aspect of the ACLU’s mission
is to obtain information about government activity, analyze that information, and
32 The following footnote was included for reference: “Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION (Jan. 31, 2017), available at https://www.cbp.gov/bordersecurity/protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entry-united-states (‘The Executive Order and the instructions therein were effective at the time of the order’s signing. Guidance was provided to DHS field personnel shortly thereafter.’) (emphasis added).”
14

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publish and disseminate that information widely to the press and public. See Ex. A at 8.
30. The Airport Request described examples of the ACLU’s informationdissemination function, including, among other things:
a. Employment of an investigative reporter who regularly utilizes records obtained through FOIA to educate the public;
b. Regular issuance of press releases, reports and analysis of information obtained through FOIA;
c. Dissemination of information to some 63,000 email subscribers, some 25,000 Facebook followers, and some 24,000 print subscribers;
d. Publication of Know Your Rights materials, fact sheets, and educational brochures; and
e. Publication of information on the ACLU of Michigan’s heavilyvisited website.
See Ex. A at 8-12. 31. The Airport Request also included an application for a fee waiver or
limitation under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(iii) on the grounds that disclosure of the requested records is in the public interest and is “likely to contribute significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of the government and is not primarily in the commercial interest of the requester.” In particular, the ACLU emphasized that the Airport Request would significantly contribute to public understanding on a matter of profound public importance about which scant specific information had been made public, i.e., how local CBP Field Offices had enforced,
15

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 16 of 29 Pg ID 16
and continue to enforce, the Executive Orders. The Airport Request also made clear that the ACLU plans to disseminate the information disclosed as a result of the request to the public at no cost. See Ex. A at 13.
32. The Airport Request also applied for a waiver of search fees under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(ii)(II) on the grounds that Plaintiff qualifies as “representatives of the news media” and the records are not sought for commercial use, given the ACLU’s non-profit mission and substantial activities to publish information for dissemination to the public, as discussed in greater detail in paragraph 28 above. See Ex. A at 13.
33. The CBP Detroit Field Office received the Airport Request on February 7, 2017 and the CBP Headquarters FOIA Officer received the Airport Request on February 9, 2017. See Ex. C.
34. CBP’s Detroit Field Office acknowledged receipt of the Airport Request in a letter dated February 16, 2017. A true and correct copy of the Airport Request acknowledgment letter is attached as Exhibit E. The letter stated that CBP “shall charge [Plaintiff] for records in accordance with the DHA FOIA regulations outlined on the DHS website” and that the average FOIA processing time for “travel/border incidents” is a minimum of six months. The letter did not otherwise comment on Plaintiff’s requests for a fee waiver or expedited processing, nor did
16

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 17 of 29 Pg ID 17
Defendants make any final, definitive determination regarding those requests. See Ex. E.
35. In its acknowledgement of receipt, CBP did not provide a determination as to whether, or when, CBP would comply with the Airport Request. See Ex. E. B. The Ports of Entry Request
36. On February 10, 2017, Plaintiff sent the Ports of Entry Request to CBP’s Detroit Field Office and CBP’s FOIA Officer at CBP Headquarters via certified, trackable mail, with tracking numbers of, respectively, 70162070000038799894 and 70162070000038799900.
37. The Ports of Entry Request sought copies of CBP’s local interpretation and enforcement of the Executive Order at certain Port of Entry offices specified in the Request, including at the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, Detroit, the Ambassador Bridge, Detroit, the International Bridge, and the Blue Water Bridge, Port Huron (“Port of Entry Offices”). The Ports of Entry Request expressly did not seek information held in the records of CBP Headquarters.
38. Specifically, the Ports of Entry Request sought the following: 1. “Records created on or after January 27, 2017 concerning CBP’s interpretation, enforcement, and implementation of the following at the Michigan POEs: a. President Trump’s Executive Order, signed on January 27, 2017 and titled ‘Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States’;
17

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 18 of 29 Pg ID 18
b. Any guidance ‘provided to DHS field personnel shortly’ after President Trump signed the Executive Order, as referenced in CBP’s online FAQ;33
c. Associate Director of Field Operations for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Daniel M. Renaud’s email, sent at 11:12 A.M. on January 27, 2017, instructing DHS employees that they could not adjudicate any immigration claims from the seven targeted countries;34
d. Judge Donnelly’s Decision and Order granting an Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Eastern District of New York on January 28, 2017, including records related to CBP’s efforts to comply with the court’s oral order requiring prompt production of a list of all class members detained by CBP;35
e. Judge Brinkema’s Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Eastern District of Virginia on January 28, 2017;36
33 To assist CBP in responding, the Request included the following information in a footnote for reference: “Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION (Jan. 31, 2017), available at https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entryunited-states (‘The Executive Order and the instructions therein were effective at the time of the order’s signing. Guidance was provided to DHS field personnel shortly thereafter.’) (emphasis added).” 34 The following footnote was included for reference: “See Alice Speri and Ryan Devereaux, Turmoil at DHS and State Department—‘There Are People Literally Crying in the Office Here,’ THE INTERCEPT, Jan. 30, 2017, available at https://theintercept.com/2017/01/30/asylum-officials-and-state-department-inturmoil-there-are-people-literally-crying-in-the-office-here/.” 35 The following footnote was included for reference: “Decision and Order, Darweesh v. Trump, No. 17 Civ. 480 (AMD) (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 29, 2017), available at https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/darweesh-v-trump-decision-and-order.” 36 The following footnote was included for reference: “Temporary Restraining Order, Aziz v. Trump, No. 1:17-cv-116 (E.D. Va. Jan. 28, 2017), available at https://www.justice4all.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/TRO-order-signed.pdf.”
18

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f. Judge Zilly’s Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Western District of Washington on January 28, 2017;37
g. Judge Burroughs’ Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the District of Massachusetts on January 29, 2017;38
h. Judge Gee’s Order granting an Amended Ex Parte Application for Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Central District of California on January 29, 2017;39
i. Judge Birotte Jr. Order Granting Emergency Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction, issued in the Central District of California on January 31, 2017;40
j. Assurances from the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania that all individuals detained at Philadelphia International Airport under the Executive Order would be admitted to the United States and released from custody on Sunday, January 29, 2017;
k. DHS’s ‘Response to Recent Litigation’ statement, issued on January 29, 2017;41
37 The following footnote was included for reference: “Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, Doe v. Trump, No. C17-126 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 28, 2017), available at https://www.justsecurity.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/01/Seattle-Order.pdf.” 38 The following footnote was included for reference: “Temporary Restraining Order, Tootkaboni v. Trump, No. 17-cv-10154 (D. Mass. Jan. 29, 2017), available at https://aclum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/6-TRO-Jan-29-2017.pdf.” 39 The following footnote was included for reference: “Order, Vayeghan v. Trump, No. CV 17-0702 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 29, 2017), available at https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/vayeghan_-_order_re_tro.pdf.” 40 The following footnote was included for reference: “Decision and Order, Mohammed v. United States, No. 17-cv-786 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 31, 2017), available at http://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000159-fbb7-d439-a3db-ffbf10cb0001.” 41 The following footnote was included for reference: “Department of Homeland Security Response to Recent Litigation, DEP’T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29,
19

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 20 of 29 Pg ID 20
l. DHS Secretary John Kelly’s ‘Statement on the Entry of Lawful Permanent Residents Into the United States,’ issued on January 29, 2017;42
m. DHS’s ‘Statement on Compliance with Court Orders and the President’s Executive Order,’ issued on January 29, 2017;43
n. Judge Roberts’ Order Regarding Plaintiff’s Motion for Temporary Restraining Order, issued February 2, 2017;44
o. Judge Robart’s Temporary Restraining Order issued in the Western District of Washington on February 3, 2017;45
p. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals’ decision on the federal government’s appeal of Judge Robart’s Temporary Restraining Order;46 and
2017), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/01/29/department-homelandsecurity-response-recent-litigation.” 42 The following footnote was included for reference: “Statement from Secretary Kelly on the President’s Appointment of Thomas D. Homan as Acting ICE Director, DEP’T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 30, 2017), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/01/30/statement-secretary-kelly-presidentsappointment-thomas-d-homan-acting-ice-director.” 43 The following footnote was included for reference: “DHS Statement On Compliance With Court Orders And The President’s Executive Order, DEP’T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29, 2017), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/01/29/dhs-statement-compliance-court-ordersand-presidents-executive-order.” 44 The following footnote was included for reference: “Order Regarding Plaintiffs’ Motion for Temporary Restraining Order, No. 17-10310 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 2, 2017), available at https://www.clearinghouse.net/chDocs/public/IM-MI-0004-0003.pdf.” 45 The following footnote was included for reference: “Temporary Restraining Order, State of Washington v. Trump, No. C17-0141 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 3, 2017), available at https://www.clearinghouse.net/chDocs/public/IM-WA-00290005.pdf.” 46 The following footnote was included for reference: “Washington v. Trump, __ F.3d __; 2017 WL 526497 (Feb. 9, 2017).”
20

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 21 of 29 Pg ID 21
q. Any other judicial order or executive directive issued regarding the Executive Order on or after January 27, 2017.
2. Records concerning the number of individuals who were detained or subjected to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver at Michigan POEs pursuant to the Executive Order, including:
a. The total number of individuals who remain detained or subject to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver at Michigan POEs both as of the date of this request and as of the date on which this request is processed; and
b. The total number of individuals who have been detained or subjected to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver for any length of time at Michigan POEs since January 27, 2017, including the number of individuals who have been
i. released,
ii. transferred into immigration detention, or
iii. removed from the United States;
3. Records concerning the number of individuals who have been removed from Michigan POEs from January 27, 2017 to date pursuant to the Executive Order;
4. Records concerning the number of individuals who arrived at Michigan POEs from January 27, 2017 to date with valid visas or green cards who subsequently agreed voluntarily to return; and
5. Records containing the ‘guidance’ that was ‘provided to DHS field personnel shortly’ after President Trump signed the Executive Order.”47
47 The following footnote was included for reference: “Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION (Jan. 31, 2017), available at https://www.cbp.gov/bordersecurity/protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entry-united-states (‘The Executive
21

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 22 of 29 Pg ID 22
See Ex. B at 5-8. 39. The Ports of Entry Request included an application for expedited
processing, on the grounds that there is a “compelling need” for these records under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(v)(II) because the information requested is “urgen[tly]” needed by an organization primarily engaged in disseminating information “to inform the public concerning actual or alleged Federal Government activity.” See Ex. B at 9.
40. The Ports of Entry Request provided detail showing that the ACLU is primarily engaged in disseminating information within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(v), given that a critical and substantial aspect of the ACLU’s mission is to obtain information about government activity, analyze that information, and publish and disseminate that information widely to the press and public. See Ex. B at 9.
41. The Ports of Entry Request described examples of the ACLU’s information-dissemination function, including, among other things:
a. Employment of an investigative reporter who regularly utilizes records obtained through FOIA to educate the public;
b. Regular issuance of press releases, reports and analysis of information obtained through FOIA;
Order and the instructions therein were effective at the time of the order’s signing. Guidance was provided to DHS field personnel shortly thereafter.’) (emphasis added).”
22

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c. Dissemination of information to some 63,000 email subscribers, some 25,000 Facebook followers, and some 24,000 print subscribers;
d. Publication of Know Your Rights materials, fact sheets, and educational brochures; and
e. Publication of information on the ACLU of Michigan’s heavilyvisited website.
See Ex. B at 9-13. 42. The Ports of Entry Request also included an application for a fee waiver
or limitation under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(iii) on the grounds that disclosure of the requested records is in the public interest and is “likely to contribute significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of the government and is not primarily in the commercial interest of the requester.” In particular, the ACLU emphasized that the Ports of Entry Request would significantly contribute to public understanding on a matter of profound public importance about which scant specific information had been made public, i.e., how local CBP Field Offices had enforced, and continue to enforce, the Executive Orders. The Ports of Entry Request also made clear that the ACLU planned to disseminate the information disclosed as a result of the request to the public at no cost. See Ex. B at 14.
43. The Ports of Entry Request also applied for a waiver of search fees under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(ii)(II) on the grounds that Plaintiff qualifies as “representatives of the news media” and the records are not sought for commercial use, given the ACLU’s non-profit mission and substantial activities to publish
23

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 24 of 29 Pg ID 24
information for dissemination to the public, as discussed in greater detail in paragraph 34 above. See Ex. B at 15.
44. The CBP Detroit Field Office received the Ports of Entry Request on February 13, 2017 and the CBP Headquarters FOIA Officer received the Ports of Entry Request on February 17, 2017. See Ex. D.
45. CBP’s Detroit Field Office acknowledged receipt of the Port of Entry Request in a letter dated February 16, 2017. A true and correct copy of the Ports of Entry acknowledgement letter is attached as Exhibit F. The acknowledgement of receipt stated that CBP “shall charge [Plaintiff] for records in accordance with the DHS FOIA regulations outlined on the DHS website” and that the average FOIA processing time for “travel/border incidents” is a minimum of six months. The acknowledgement of receipt did not otherwise comment on Plaintiff’s requests for a fee waiver or expedited processing, nor did Defendants make any final, definitive determination regarding those requests. See Exs. E and F.
46. In its acknowledgements of receipt, CBP did not provide a determination as to whether, or when, CBP would comply with the Ports of Entry Request. See Ex. F.
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C. This Lawsuit 47. As of April 12, 2017, more than 20 days (excepting Saturdays,
Sundays, and legal public holidays) have elapsed since CBP received the Airport Request and Ports of Entry Request.
48. As of the filing date of this Complaint, Defendants have not notified Plaintiff of a determination as to whether Defendants would comply with the Requests.
49. Because Defendants failed to comply with the 20-business-day time limit provision of FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(A)(i), Plaintiff is deemed to have exhausted its administrative remedies with respect to the Requests under 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(C)(i).
COUNT I Violation of FOIA for Failure to Provide a Determination
Within 20 Business Days 50. Plaintiff repeats and re-alleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 49 above, inclusive. 51. Defendants have a legal duty under FOIA to determine whether to comply with a request within 20 days (excepting Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) after receiving the request, and also have a legal duty to immediately notify a requester of the agency’s determination and the reasons therefor.
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52. Defendants’ failure to determine whether to comply with the Airport Request within 20 business days after receiving it violates FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(A)(i), and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder.
53. Defendants’ failure to determine whether to comply with the Ports of Entry Request within 20 business days after receiving it violates FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(A)(i), and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder.
COUNT II Violation of FOIA for Failure to Make Records Available 54. Plaintiff repeats and re-alleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 49 above, inclusive. 55. Plaintiff has a legal right under FOIA to obtain the specific agency records requested on February 2, 2017 and February 10, 2017 and there exists no legal basis for Defendants’ failure to promptly make the requested records available to Plaintiff, its members, and the public. 56. Defendants’ failure to promptly make available the records sought by the Airport Request violates FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A), and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder. 57. Defendants’ failure to promptly make available the records sought by the Ports of Entry Request violates FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A), and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder. 58. On information and belief, Defendants currently have possession,
26

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 27 of 29 Pg ID 27
custody or control of the requested records. COUNT III
Violation of FOIA for Failure to Provide a Determination As To Expedited Processing Within 10 Days
59. Plaintiff repeats and re-alleges the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 49 above, inclusive.
60. Defendants have a legal duty under FOIA to determine whether to provide expedited processing, and to provide notice of that determination to Plaintiff, within 10 days after the date of the Airport Request and the Ports of Entry Request.
61. Defendants’ failure to determine whether to provide expedited processing and to provide notice of that determination to Plaintiff within 10 days after the date of the Airport Request violates FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(ii)(I), and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder.
62. Defendants’ failure to determine whether to provide expedited processing and to provide notice of that determination to Plaintiff within 10 days after the date of the Ports of Entry Request violates FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(ii)(I), and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder.
63. Because Defendants have not provided a complete response to the Airport Request and the Ports of Entry Request, this Court has jurisdiction under FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(iv), to review Defendants’ failure to make a
27

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 28 of 29 Pg ID 28
determination concerning Plaintiff’s request for expedited processing. CONCLUSION
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests that the Court award it the following relief: 1. Declare that Defendants violated FOIA by failing to determine whether to comply with the Airport Request and the Ports of Entry Request within 20 business days and by failing to immediately thereafter notify Plaintiff of such determination and the reasons therefor; 2. Declare that Defendants violated FOIA by unlawfully withholding the requested records; 3. Declare that Defendants violated FOIA by failing to determine whether to provide expedited processing, and to provide notice of that determination to Plaintiff, within 10 days; 4. Order Defendants to immediately disclose the requested records to the public and make copies immediately available to Plaintiff without charge for any search or duplication fees, or, in the alternative, provide for expedited proceedings to adjudicate Plaintiff’s rights under FOIA; 5. Award Plaintiff its reasonable costs and attorneys’ fees; and 6. Grant such other relief as the Court may deem just and proper.
28

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 29 of 29 Pg ID 29
DATED this 12th day of April, 2017. Respectfully submitted,
By: /s/ Gabriel E. Bedoya Gabriel E. Bedoya (P80839) Andrew M. Pauwels (P79167) Andrew M. Goddeeris (P80674) 2290 First National Building 600 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48226 (313) 465-7254 gbedoya@honigman.com apauwels@honigman.com agoddeeris@honigman.com Michael J. Steinberg (P43085) Kary Moss (P49759) American Civil Liberties Union Fund of Michigan 2966 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Michigan 48201 (313) 578-6800 msteinberg@aclumich.org Miriam J. Aukerman (P63165) American Civil Liberties Union Fund of Michigan 1514 Wealthy SE, Suite 242 Grand Rapids, MI 49506 (616) 301-0930 maukerman@aclumich.org Attorneys for Plaintiff American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan
29

 
 5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 1 of 17 Pg ID 31
EXHIBIT A
Airport Request

ACLU 5:17-cv-11149-JEStaLte-EHAeaSdquDarotecrs# 1-2 2966 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Ml 48201

Phone 313.578.6800

AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION of MICHIGAN

Fox 313.578.6811 Email aclu@aclumich.org

www.aclumich.org

Filed l0e4gi/s1la2ti/v1e7OfficPeg 2 of 17
115 West Allegan Street Lansing, Ml 48933 Phone 517.372.8503 Fax 517.372.5121 Email aclu@aclumich.org
www.aclumich .org

Pg IWDes3t M2ichigan Regional Office
1514 Wealthy SE, Suite 242 Grand Rapids, Ml 49506 Phone 616.301.0930 Fax 616.301.0640 Email aclu@aclumich.org www.aclumich .org

FOIA Officer
U.S. Customs & Border Protection Detroit Field Office
2 11 W. Fort Street, Suite 1200 Detroit, MI 48226

February 2, 20 17

FOlA Officer
U.S. Customs & Border Protection 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Room 3.3D Washington, D.C. 20229

Re: Request Under Fr eedom of Info rmation Act (Expedited Processing & Fee Waiver/Limitation Requested)
To Whom It May Concern:

The American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan and the American Civil Liberties Union Fund of Michigan (together with the American Civil Liberties Union, " ACLU") 1 submit thi s Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA") request ("Request") for records about the implementation of President Trump' s January 27, 20 17 Executive Order ("Executive Order..) by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (" CBP"). Titled " Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States," the Executive Order halts refu gee admissions and bars entrants from seven predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States? By this letter, which constitutes a request pursuant to FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552 et seq. , and the relevant implementing regulations, see 6 C.F.R. § 5 et seq., the ACLU seeks information regarding CBP's local imp lementation of the Executive Order at international airports within the purview of the Detroit Field Office (" Field Office").

1 The American Civil Libert ies Union o f Michigan is a non-profit, 50 1(c)(4) membership organization that educates

the public about the civil liberties implications of pending and proposed state and fed eral legislatio n, provides

analysis of pending and proposed legislation, directly lobbies legislators, and mobilizes its members to lobby their

legislators. The American C ivil Liberties Union Fund of Michigan is a separate 501(c)(3) organization that provides

legal representat ion free of charge to individuals and organizations in c ivil rights and civil liberties cases, educates

the public about the civil rights and civil liberties impli provides analyses of pending and proposed legislation, lobby their legislators.

cations of pending and proposed state and directly lobbies legislators, and mobilizes

fede ral legis its members

lation , to

2 Exec. Order No. 13769, 82 Fed. Reg. 8977 (Feb. I, 20 17).

Kary L. Moss, Esq. I Executive Director

Loren Khogali, Esq. I President

Mark GranzoHo, Esq. I General Counsel

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 3 of 17 Pg ID 33

I. Background

On January 27, 20 17, President Donald J. Trump issued an executive order that

indefinitely blocks refugees from Syria from entering the United States, bars all refugees for 120

days, and prohibits individuals from seven predominantly Muslim countries- Iran, Iraq, Libya,

Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen-from entering the United States for 90 days.3 By the

following day, January 28, 20 17, CBP officials across the country had detained an estimated I00

to 200 individuals at airports throughout the United States.4 Despite reports that individuals were

being detained at the Detroit Metropolitan Airport,5 CBP officials would not respond to requests

for information about how many individuals were being held there.6 T wo unions representing

more than 21 ,000 federal immigration officers praised the Executive Order/ issuing a joint press

release that " applaud(ed] the three executive orders [President Trump] has issued to date.'·8

Daniel M. Renaud, Associate Director of Field Operations for U.S . Citizenship and Immigration

Services, instructed Department of Homeland Security ("DHS") employees that they could no

longer adjudicate Order.9

any

immigration

claims

from

the

seven

countries

targeted

by

the

Executive

Beginning Saturday morning, protests erupted nationwide and attorneys rushed to airports to assist detained individuals and their fami lies.10 Over the next twenty-four hours, five

3 See, e.g., Michael D. Shear and Helene Cooper, 7i·ump Bars Refugees and Citizens of7 Muslim Countries, N.Y. TIMES, Jan. 27, 20 17, available at https://www.nytimes.com/20 17/01/27/us/politics/trump-syrian-rcfugees.htrnl. 4 See, e.g., Michael D. Shear eta/., Judge Blocks Trump Order on Refugees Amid Chaos and OutCJy Worldwide, N.Y. TIMES, Jan. 28, 20 17, available at https://www.nytimes.com/20 17/0 I/28/us/refugees-detained-at-us-airportsprompting-legal-challenges-to-trumps-immigration-order.htm I. 5 See, e.g., Joanna Walters, Edward Helmore, and Saeed Dehghan, US Airports on Frontline as Donald Trump 's Travel Ban Causes Chaos and Protests, THE GUARDIAN, Jan. 28, 20 17, available at https://www.theguardian.com/ us-news/20 17/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump; Tresa Baldas, Travelers· Texts, Emails Searched at Detroit Metro Airport, DETROIT FREE PRESS, Jan. 30, 2017, available at http://www.frcep.com/ story/news/ local/michigan/ wayne/20 17/01/30/travelers-texts-emails-searched-detroit-metro-airport/97257722/. 6 See, e.g., Niraj Warikoo, Dav id Jesse and Eric Lawrence, West Bloomfield Couple Torgeted at Border Amid Immigration Ban Tumult, DETROIT f-R EE PRESS, Jan. 29, 20 17, available at http://www.freep.com/story/ news/local/michigan/20 17/01/28/university-michigan-students-immigration-status/97183426/; James Dickson. Travel Ban Eases for Two in Metro Detroit, DETROIT NEWS, Jan. 29, 2017, available at http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/20 17/0 1/29/attorney-travel-ban-stands-way-love/97214640/. 7 Robert Mackey, America's Deportation Agents Love Trump's Ban and Rely on Breitbartfor Their News, TilE INTERCEPT, Jan. 30, 2017, available at https://theintercept.com/20 17/01/30/americas-deportation-agcnts-lovetrumps-ban-rely-breitbart-news/.
8 Joint Press Release Between Border Patrol and ICE Councils, NAT'L ICE COUNCIL, available at http:/ /iceunion.org/news/j o int-press-re lease-between-border-pat rol-and-i ce-councils. 9 Alice Spcri and Ryan Devereaux, Turmoil at DHS and State Department- "There Are People Literally CIJ'ing in the Office Here, " THE INTERCEPT, Jan. 30, 2017, available at https://theintercept.com/20 17/0 I/30/asylum-offtcialsand-state-department-in-turmoi1-thcrc-are-people-I iterally-crying-in-the-office-here/. 10 See, e.g., Peter Baker, Travelers Stranded and Protests Swell Over Trump Order, N.Y. TIMES. Jan. 29, 2017, available at https://www.nytimes.com/20 I7/0 I/29/us/pol itics/wh ite-house-official-in-reversal-says-green-cardholders-wont-be-barrcd.html; Issie Lapowsk')' and Andy Greenberg, Trump's Ban Leaves Refugees in Civil Liberties Limbo, WIRED, Jan. 28, 20 17, available at https://www.wircd.corn/20 17/0 I/trumps-refugee-ban-d irect-assault-civi1liberties/; Zolan Kanno-Youngs and Ben Kesling, Thousands Flood Cities' Streets to Protest Donald Trump's
2

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 4 of 17 Pg ID 34

federal courts ordered officials to temporarily stop enforcement of the Executive Order. 11 First, Judge Donnelly of the Eastern District of New York issued a nationwide order in Darweesh v.
Trump, filed by the ACLU 's Immigrants' Rights Project (among others), that prohi bited the government from removing any detained travelers from the seven banned countries who had been legally authorized to enter the United States. 12 And a few hours later, in Tootkaboni v. Trump, filed by the ACLU of Massachusetts (among others), Judge Bu!Toughs and Magistrate Judge Dein of the District of Massachusetts issued a nationwide order that not only prohibited the removal of such individuals, but also temporarily banned the government from detaining people affected by the Executive Order. 13

At the same time, President Trump remained publicly committed to his opposing

position. In the early hours of Sunday, January 29, 2017, after the five court orders had been

issued, President Trump NOW." 14 He also issued

tweeted, " Our country needs strong borders and extreme vetting, a statement on Facebook later that day, indicating that entry from

th e

seven predominantly Muslim countries would remain blocked for the next ninety days. 15

In the face of nationwide confusion about the scope and validity of the Executive Order, guidance from other relevant actors offered little clarity. For example, on Saturday, DHS confirmed that the ban "will bar green card holders." 16 But on Sunday, DHS Secretary John

Immigration Ban, WALL ST. J., Jan. 30, 20 17, available at https://www.wsj.com/ articles/protests-coniin ue-against-trumps-executive-order-banning-some-from-u-s-1485 735672. 11 See, e.g., Steve Yladeck, The Airport Cases: What Happened. and What 's Next?, J UST SECURITY, Jan. 30,20 17, avaiIable at hnps://www.justsecurity.org/36960/stock-weekends-district-court-orders-immigration-eo/. 12 Decis ion a nd Order, Darweesh v. Trump, No. 17 Civ. 480 (AMD) (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 28, 20 17), available at https:/ /www.aclu.org/lega l-document/da rweesh-v-trump-decision-and-order. 13 Temporary Restraining O rder, Tootkaboni v. Trump, No. 17-cv-1 0154 (D. Mass. Jan. 29, 20 17), available at https://aclum.org!wp-content/uploads/20 17/01 /6-T RO-Jan-29-20 17.pdf. Another federal court issued an order requiring that attorneys be allowed access to all lawful pennanent residents detained at Dulles International Airport and barring the government from deporting any such individuals. See Temporary Restraining Order. Aziz v. Trump, No. I : 17-cv- I 16 (E. D. Ya. Jan. 28, 20 I7), available at https://www.justice4all.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2017/0 1/TRO-order-signed.pdf. In Doe v. Trump, filed in part by the ACLU of Washington, the court banned the remova l of two individuals. See Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, Doe v. Trump, No. C I7J26 (W.O. Wash. Jan. 28, 20 17), available at https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/20 I7/0 1/SeattleOrder.pdf. Finally, in Vayeghan v. Trump, filed in part by the ACLU of South ern California, the court ordered th e government to permit an Iranian individual who had already been removed to Dubai to return to the United States and to admit him pursuant to his approved visa. Order, Vayeghan v. Trump, No. CV 17-0702 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 28. 20 17), available at https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/vayeghan_ -_order_re_tro.pdf. 14 Donald J. Trump, TWITrER (Jan. 29, 2017 5:08A.M.), hnps://twitter.com/ reaiDonaldTrump/status/ 82 5 6 9 2 0455326187 53. 15 Donald J. Trump, Statement Regarding Recent Executive Order Concerning Extreme Vetting, Jan. 29, 2017, available at https://www.facebook.com/ DonaldTrump/posts/ l 0 I58567643610725 (''We will again be issuing visas to all countries once we are sure we have reviewed and implemented the most secure pol ic ies over the next 90 days.").
16 Max Greenwood, Immigration Ban Includes Green Card Holders: DHS, TilE HILL, Jan. 28, 2017, available at http:l /the hill.com/ policy/ national-security/ 316670-trump-refugee-ban-bars-green-card-holders-report.
3

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 5 of 17 Pg ID 35

Kelly deemed " the entry of lawful permanent residents to be in the national interest'. 17 and, that

evening, the Trump administration card holders. 18 The same day, DHS

clarified that the Executi ve Order does not apply to green stated, perhaps contradictorily and without any elaboration

,

" We are and will remain in compliance with judicial orders. We are and wi ll continue to enforce

President Trump' s executive order humanely and with professionalism." 19 On Monday, then-

Acting Attorney General Sally Yates announced that the Department of Justice would not

present arguments in defense of the Executive Order unless and it was lawful.20 Shortly thereafter, Ms. Yates was relieved of he

until she r position

became by Pres

convinced that ident Trump.21

The same evening, President Trump also replaced the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ("ICE").22

In spite of court orders to the contrary, some CBP officials appear to be continuing to detain individuals- though the approach appears to differ by location.23 Accordingly, the ACLU seeks to supplement the public record to clarify CBP's understanding and implementation of the Executive Order at the Detroit Metropolitan Airport ("Local International Airport'') and Detroit Metropolitan Airport Port of Entry Office ("Port of Entry Office"). Through this request, the ACLU aims to facilitate the public' s indispensable role in checking the power of our public officials and to learn about the facts on the ground in Michigan.

17 Statement By Secretmy John Kelly On The Enlly OfLmvful Permanent Residents Into The United States, DEP'T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29, 20 17), available at hnps://www.dhs.gov/news/20 17/0 1129/staternent-secretaryjohn-kel ly-e ntry-lawful-pennanent-res idents -un ited-states. 18 Robert Mackey, As Protests Escalate, Trump Retreats From Barring Green Card Holders, THE INTERCEPT, Jan, 29, 20 17, available at https://theintercept.corn/2017/01/29/trurnps-executive-order-no-longer-bars-green-cardholders/ . 19 DHS Statement On Compliance With Court Orders And The President's Executive Order, DEP'T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29, 20 17), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/20 17/0 1/29/dhs-staternent-compliance-courtorders-and-pres idents-executi ve-ord er. 20 Jonathan H. Adler, Acting Attorney General Orders Justice Department Allorneys Not to Defend Immigration Executive Order, WASH. POST, Jan. 30, 2017, available at https://www.washingtonpost.corn/news/vo1okhconspiracy/wp/20 17/0 I/30/acting-attorney-general-orders-justice-department-attorncys-not-to-defend-i rnm igrationexecutive-order/. 21 Read the Full White House Statement on Sally Yates, BOSTONGLOBE, Jan. 30, 2017, available at https://www.bostonglobe.com/ news/politics/20 17/0 I/30/read-fu 11-white-house-statement-sallyyates/HkFRe1Y JidU9deDeIPK6SM/story.htrn I. 22 Statementji·01n Secretmy Kelly on the President 's Appointment ofThomas D. Homan as Acting ICE Director, DEP'TOF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 30, 20 17), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/20 17/0 I/30/statementsecretary-ke II y-presidents-appo inttnent-thomas-d -homan -acting-ice-director. 23 See, e.g. , Jul ia Wick. Lmvyers Say At Least 17 People Are Still Detained at LAX, Protests Continue, LAIST, Jan. 29, 20 17, available at http://laist.com/20 17/0 1/29/people_are_still_detained_at_lax.php; Daniel Marans, Customs and Border Officials Defy Court Order on Lmvful Residents, HUFFINGTON POST, Jan. 29, 2017, available at http://www. huffi ngtonpost.corn/entry/dulles-airport-feds-viol ated-court-order_us_588d7274e4b08a 14f7e67bcf; Tom Cleary, Is Border Patrol Defying Federal Judge's Stay on Immigration Executive Order ?, HEAVY. Jan. 29, 2017, available at http://heavy.com/ news/20 17/01/border-patrol-horneland-security-defying-ignoring-following-judgeruling-stay-immigration-executive-order-dulles-dfw-muslirn-banl; Tess Owen, Waiting/or Answers: We Still Don't Know How Many People are Being Detained at US Ai1ports, VICE N EWS, Jan. 30, 20 17, available at https://news.vice.corn/story/we-sti 11-dont-know-how-many-pcople-are-being-detained-at-us-airports.
4

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 6 of 17 Pg ID 36
II. Requested Records
For the purposes of this Request, "Records" are collectively defined to include, but are not limited to: text communications between phones or other electronic devices (inc luding, but not limi ted to, communications sent via SMS or other text, Blackberry Messenger, iMessage, WhatsApp, Signal, Gchat, or Twitter direct message); e-mails; images, video, and audio recorded on cell phones; voicemail messages; social-media posts; instructions; directives; guidance documents; fonnal and infonna l presentations; training documents; bulletins; alerts; updates; advisories; reports; legal and policy memoranda; contracts or agreements; minutes or notes of meetings and phone calls; and memoranda of understanding. The ACLU seeks release of the following:
I. Records created on or after January 27, 2017 concerning CBP's interpretation, enforcement, and implementation of the following at Local International Airports:
a. President Trump's Executive Order, signed on January 27, 2017 and titled "Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States";
b. Any guidance "provided to DHS field personnel shortly" after President Trump signed the Executive Order, as referenced in CBP's online FAQ;24
c. Associate Director of Field Operations for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Daniel M. Renaud's email, sent at 11:12 A.M. on January 27, 2017, instructing DHS employees that the~ could not adjudicate any immigration claims from the seven targeted countries; 5
d. Judge Donnelly's Decision and Order granting an Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Eastern District ofNew York on January 27,2017, including records related to CBP's efforts to comply with the court's oral order requiring prompt production of a list of all class members detained by CBP;26
e. Judge Brinkema's Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Eastern District of Virginia on January 28, 2017;27
24 Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist En11y into the United States, U.S. CUSTOMS AND B ORDER PROTECrJON (Jan. 3 1, 20 17), available at https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-
entry-united-states ("The Executive Order and the instructions therein were effective at the time of the order's signing. Guidance was provided to DHSjield personnel shortly thereafter.") (emphasis added). 25 See Alice Speri and Ryan Devereaux, Turmoil at DHS and State Department- "There Are People Literally Clying in the Office Here," THE INTERCEPT, Jan. 30, 20 17, available at https://theintercept.com/20 17/0 1/30/asylumofficials-and-state-department-in-tunnoil-there-are-people-literally-crying-i n-the-office-here/ . 26 Decision and Order, Danveesh v. Trump, No. 17 C iv. 480 (AMD) (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 28, 20 17), available at https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/darweesh-v-trump-decision-and-order. 27 Temporary Restraining Order, Aziz v. Trump, No. I: 17-cv-116 (E.D. Ya. Jan. 28, 20 17), available at https://www.justice4all.org/wp-content/uploads/20 17/0 1/TRO-order-signed.pdf.
5

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 7 of 17 Pg ID 37
f. Judge Zilly' s Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Western District of Washington on January 28, 20 17;28
g. Judge Burroughs' Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the District of Massachusetts on January 29, 2017;29
h. Judge Gee's Order granting an Amended Ex Parte Application for Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Central District of Cali fornia on January 29, 20 17;30
1. Assurances from the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania that all individuals detained at Philadelphia International Airport under the Executive Order would be admitted to the United States and released from custody on Sunday, January 29, 2017;
J. DHS 's "Response to Recent Litigation" statement, issued on January 29, 20 17;31 k. DHS Secretary John Kelly's "Statement on the Entri of Lawful Permanent Residents
Into the United States," issued on January 29, 20 17; 2 I. DHS's "Statement on Compliance with Court Orders and the President's Executi ve
Order," issued on January 29, 20 17;33 and m. Any other judicial order or executive directive issued regarding the Executive Order
on or after January 27, 2017. 2. Records concerning the number of individuals who were detained or subjected to
secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver at Local International Airports pursuant to the Executive Order, including:
28 Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, Doe v. Trump, No. C17-1 26 (W.O. Wash. Jan. 28. 2017), available at https://www.justsecurity.org/wpcontent/uploads/ 20 17/0 I/Seattle-Order.pdf. 29 Temporary Restraining Order, Tootkaboni v. 7hunp, No. 17-cv-1 0154 (D. Mass. Jan. 29, 20 17), available at https://aclum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/6-TRO-Jan-29-20 17.pdf. 30 Order, Vayeghan v. Trump, No. CY 17-0702 (C. D. Cal. Jan. 28, 20 17), available at https:/ /www .ac lusocal.orglsites/defau lt/files/vayeghan_-_order_ re_tro.pd f. 31 Department ofHomeland Security Response to Recent Litigation, DEP'T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29. 20 17). available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/0 I /29/department-homeland-security-response-recent-litigation. 32 Statementfrom Secretmy Kelly on the President's Appointment ofThomas D. Homan as Acting ICE Director, DEP'T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 30, 20 17), available at https:// www.dhs.gov/news/20 17/0 I/30/statementsecretary-kell y-pres idents -ap pointment-thomas-d-homan-acting-ice-director. 33 DHS Statement On Compliance With Court Orders And The President 's Executive Order, DEP'T OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 29, 20 17), available at https://www.dhs.gov/news/20 17/ 0 I /29/dhs-statement-compiiance-court-orders-and-presidents-executive-order.
6

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 8 of 17 Pg ID 38
a. The total number of individuals who remain detained or subj ect to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver at Local International Airports both as of the date of this request and as of the date on which this request is processed; and
b. The total number of individuals who have been detained or subjected to secondary screening, extending questioning, an enforcement examination, or consideration for a waiver for any length oftime at Local International Airports since .January 27, 20 17, including the number of individuals who have been
1. released,
11. transferred into immigration detention, or
111. removed from the United States;
3. Records concerning the number of individuals who have been removed from Local International Airports from January 27, 2017 to date pursuant to the Executive Order;
4 . Records concerning the number of individuals who arrived at Local International Airports from January 27, 2017 to date with valid visas or green cards who subsequently agreed voluntarily to return; and
5. Records containing the "guidance" that was "provided to DHS field personnel shortly" after President Trump signed the Executive Order.34
To reiterate: The ACLU seeks information regarding CBP's interpretation and enforcement of the Executive Order at the Local International Airports, not information held in the records of CBP Headquarters. Specifically, the ACLU seeks records held by CB P employees and offices at the Local International Airports, and the corresponding Port of Entry Offices and Regional Field Operations Office. CB P has an obligation to search all such field offices that are reasonably expected to produce any relevant information. See, e.g., Oglesby v. US. Dep 't ofArmy, 920 F.2d 57, 68 (D.C. Cir. 1990); Marks v. US. Dep 't ofJus/ice, 578 F.2d 261, 263 (9th Cir. 1978) (agency not required to search all of its field offices because request did not ask for a search beyond the agency's central files); see also Am. Immigration Council v. US. Dep 't ofHomeland Sec. , 950 F. Supp. 2d 221, 230 (D.D.C. 20 13).
We request that searches of all electronic and paper/manual indices, fi ling systems, and locations for any and all records relating or referring to the subject of our Request be conducted. Given the expedited timeline on which the relevant events and interpretations occurred, thjs includes the personal email accounts and work phones of all employees and former employees who may have sent or received emails or text messages regarding the subject matter of this
34 Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Ent1y into the United States, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION (Jan. 3 1, 20 17), available at https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/protecting-nation-foreign-terroristentry-united-states ("The Executive Order and the instructions therein were effective at the time of the order's signing. Guidance was provided to DHSfieldpersonnel shortly thereafter.") (emphasis added).
7

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 9 of 17 Pg ID 39
Request, as well as all institutional, shared, group, duty, task force, and all other joint and/or multi-user emai l accounts and work phones which may have been utilized by each such employee or former employee. Additionally, for each relevant email account identified, all storage areas must be searched, including the inbox " folder" (and all subfolders therein), sent folder, deleted fo lder, and all relevant archive fi les.
If any records responsive or potentially responsive to the Request have been destroyed , our Request includes, but is not limited to, any and all records relating or referring to the destruction of those records. This includes, but is not limited to, any and all records relating or referri ng to the events leading to the destruction of those records.
As required by the relevant case law, the agency should follow any leads it discovers during the conduct of its searches and should perform additional searches when said leads indicate that records may be located in another system. Failure to follow clear leads is a violation ofFOIA.
With respect to the form of production, see 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(B), the ACLU requests that responsive electronic records be provided electronically in their native file format, if possible. Alternatively, the ACLU requests that the records be provided electronically in a textsearchable, static-image format (PDF), in the best image quality in the agency 's possession, and that the records be provided in separate, Bates-stamped files.
III. Application for Expedited Processing
The ACLU requests expedited processing pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E).35 There is a "compelling need" for these records, as defined in the statute, because the information requested is " urgen[tly]" needed by an organi zation primarily engaged in disseminating information "to inform the public concerning actual or alleged Federal Government activity: ' 5 U.S .C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(v)(II).
A. The ACLU is an organization primarily engaged in disseminating information in order to inform the public about actual or alleged government activity.
The ACLU is "primarily engaged in disseminating information" within the meaning of the statute. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(v)(Il).36 Obtaining information about government activity, analyzing that information, and widely publishing and disseminating that information to the press and public are critical and substantial components of the ACLU's work and are among its primary activities. See ACLU v. US. Dep 't ofJustice, 321 F. Supp. 2d 24, 29 n.5 (D.D.C. 2004) (finding non-profit public interest group that "gathers information of potential interest to a segment of the public, uses its editorial skills to tum the raw material into a distinct work, and distributes that work to an audience" to be "primarily engaged in disseminating information'').37
35 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5.5(e)(l). 36 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5.5(e)(l)(ii). 37 Courts have found that the AC LU as well as other organizations with similar missions that engage in infomlationdissemination activities similar to the ACLU are " primarily engaged in disseminating infonnation." See. e.g..
8

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 10 of 17 Pg ID 40

In Michigan, the ACLU employs an investigative reporter, Curt Guyette, who played a critical role in uncovering the Flint water crisis.38 Mr. Guyette worked with lawyers and other ACLU staff to draft FOIA requests, to analyze the documents obtained, to pursue additional leads based on those documents, and then to inform the public.39 As a result of his work exposing and covering the Flint water crisis, Mr. Guyette received the 20 16 Michi gan Press Associati on Journalist of the Year Award, along with numerous other journalism prizes.40

The ACLU regularly issues press releases, re ports and analysis of documents in order to

ca in

ll attention other news

to information obtained through outlets.4 1 ACLU attorneys and

FOIA other s

requests, which are then taff are frequentl y interv

often iewed

also cove for news

red

Leadership Conference on Civil Rights v. Gonzales, 404 F. Supp. 2d 246, 260 (D.D.C. 2005); ACLU, 321 F. Supp. 2d at 29 n.5; Elec. Privacy Info. Ctr. v. U.S. Dep 't ofDefense. 24 1 F. Supp. 2d 5, II (D.D.C. 2003). 38 See " How an Investigative Journalist He lped Prove a City Was Being Poisoned with Its O wn Water," Columbia Journalism Review (Nov. 20 15). 39 See, e.g., Flint Water Crisis, ACLU of Mich igan, http://www.aclum ich.org/flint-water-crisis; Lead Astray: ACLU ofMichigan Investigation Has Found Irregularities in Flint's Water Tests, ACLU of Michigan (Sept. 15. 20 15), http://www.acIumich.org/ index.php/entry/lead-astray-an-acIu-of-m ichigan-investigation-has-found-a-stream-ofirregularities-in-fl int-s-water-tests (reporting on the state records related to water testing; "' Here 's to Fl int': Broadcast Premiere of ACLU Documentary on the fight for Democracy and Clean Water," Democracy Now (Mar. 8, 20 16), http://m.democracynow.org/stories/ 160 17.
°4 For his reporting on the Flint water crisis, Mr. Guyette was also awarded the 2016 Hillman Prize, the 2016 Public
Service Award from the Association of Alternative Newsmedia, the Spirit of Divers ity Award from the Wayne State University Communications Department, the Frank J. Kell y Award for Consumer Reporting !Tom the Consumer Law Section of the State Bar of Michigan, and the Excellence in Environmental Journalism Award from the Great Lakes Environmental Law Center. 41 See, e.g., Curt Guyette, Buzzkill: How the EAA Exploited Detroit's Most Vulnerable Kids, ACLU of Michigan (Sept. 24,20 15), http://www.aclumich.org/article/guyette-how-eaas-buzz-program-exploited-detroits-mostvulnerable-kids (reporting on internal Education Achievement Authority documents concerning its Buzz software obta ined through a FOlA request) (reprinted as Curt Guyette, The EAA Exposed: An Investigative Report, DETROIT METRO TIMES (Sept. 24, 20 15), http://www.metrotimes.com/detro itlthe-eaa-exposed-an-investigativereport/ Content?oid=22495 13); Press Release, ACLU of Michigan, Lawsuits for Information About Multi-Agenc.J' Task Force Raids (Aug. 23, 20 16) (reporting on the public records request sent to the Hamtramck Police Department), hnp://www.aclumich.org/articlellawsuit-information-multi-agency-task-force-raid; Press Re lease, ACLU of Michigan, Racially Disproportionate Traffic Stops in Ferndale (Feb. 24, 20 15), http://www.aclumich.org!article/racially-disproportionate-traffic-stops-ferndale (reporting on traffic stop data attained through FOIA indicating racial disparities in recorded police traffic stops by the Ferndale Police Department); FOIA Documents From FBI Show Unconstitutional Racial Profiling, ACLU ofMichigan, OctOber20, 20 II , http://www.aclumich.org!article/ foia-documents-fbi -show-unconstitutional-racial-profiling (reporting on Detroit FBI field office memorandum attained through FOIA requests); Press Release, American Civil Liberties Un ion of Michigan, ACLU ofMichigan Sues EA A for Delails about Special £ducalion Service (May 5, 20 16). http://www.aclumich.org/ article/aclu-michigan-sues-eaa-details-about-specia l-education-services. For additional examples see, e.g., Press Release, American Civil Liberties Union, U.S. Releases Drone Slrike 'Playbook· in Response to ACLU Lawsuit (Aug. 6, 20 16), https://www.aclu.org/news/us-releases-drone-strike-playbook-responseaclu-lawsuit; Press Rel ease, American Civil Liberties Union, Secret Documents Describe Graphic Abuse and Admit i\1/istakes (June 14, 20 16), https://www.aclu.org!news/cia-releases-dozens-torture-documents-response-aclu-lawsuit ; Press Release, American Civil Liberties Union, U.S. Releases Targeted Killing Memo in Response to Long-Running ACLU Lawsuit (June 23, 20 14), https://www.aclu.org/ national-security/ us-releases-targeted-killing-memoresponse-long-running-aclu-lawsuit; Press Release, American Civil Liberties Union, Justice Department White Paper Details Rationale fo r Targeted Killing ofAmericans (Feb. 4, 20 13), https://www.aclu.org/national-
9

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 11 of 17 Pg ID 41
stories about documents released through ACLU FOlA requests.42
The ACLU recently publicized information obtained through a FOIA request regarding Border Patrol operations within 100 miles of an international border, where CBP claims authority to act without a warrant.43 Working with a researcher, the ACLU analyzed the raw data obtained, created a fact sheet summarizing the documents produced thus far, and inf01med the public about CB P operations with the zone, which CBP claims encompasses the enti re state of Michigan.44 That information was then widely redistributed by other media outlets.45
The ACLU regularly publishes STAND, a print magazine that reports on and analyzes civil liberties-related current events. The magazine is disseminated to over 620,000 people. There are over 22,000 ACLU member households in Michigan. Approximately 24,000 individuals in Michigan receive STAND, as well as quarterly ACLU issue mailers. The ACLU also publishes regular updates and alerts via email to approximately 2.1 million subscribers (both ACLU members and non-members). In Michigan, the ACLU has an email list of over 63,000 subscribers. ACLU updates are additionally broadcast to 1.5 million social media fo llowers (members and non-members). In Michigan, the ACLU has over 25,000 followers on Facebook,
security/j ustice-department-white-paper-details-rationale-targeted-kill ing-americans; Press Release. American Civil Liberties Union, Documents Show FBI Monitored Bay Area Occupy Movement (Sept. 14, 20 12), https: / /www.aclu.org/news/ documents-show-fbi-monitored-bay-area-occupy-movement-ins ideba yareaco m. 42 See e.g., articles cited in note 45; Karen DeYoung, Newly Declassified Document Sheds Light on How Presidem Approves Drone Strikes, Wash. Post, Aug. 6, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.corn/world/nationalsecurity/newIy-declassifi ed-document-sheds-1ight-on-how-president-approves-drone-strikes/20 16/08/06/ f424fe5 05be0-lle6-831d-0324760ca856_story.html (quoting former ACLU deputy legal director Jameel Jaffer); Catherine Thorbecke, What Newly Released CIA Documents Reveal About 'Torture' in Its Former Detention Program, ABC, June 15, 2016, http://abcnews.go.corn/US/newly-released-cia-documents-reveal-torture-detentionprograrn/story?id=39873389 (quoting ACLU staff attorney Dror Ladin); Nicky Woolf, US Marshals Spent SIOM 011 Equipment for Warrantless Stingray Device, Guardian, Mar. 17, 20 16, https://www.theguardian.com/world/20 16/mar/ 17/us-marshals-stingray-surveillance-airbome (quoting ACLU attorney Nate Wessler); David Welna, Government Suspected ofWanting CIA Torture Report to Remain Secret, NPR, Dec. 9, 20 15, http://www.npr.org/20 15/ 12/09/459026249/cia-torture-report-may-remain-secret (quoting ACLU project director Hina Shamsi).
43 See, e.g., Press Release, American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan, C ivil-Rights Groups File Federal Lawsuit Against Border Patrol for Lack of Transparency (Nov. 30, 20 16), http://www.aclumich.org/article/civil-rightsgroups-file-federal-lawsuit-against-us-border-patrol-lack-transparency.
~~See ACLU of Michigan, 100 Mile Zone Fact Sheet: What is Border Patrol Doing in Michigan?, http://www.aclumich.orglsites/defaultlfiles/Fact%20sheet_ l00_ Mile_Zone.pdf. 45 See e.g. Samuel Damren, Immigration Advocates Sue For Border Patrol Transparency, Detroit Free Press (Nov. 30, 20 16), http://www.freep.com/story/ opin ion/contributors/20 16/ 11/30/warrantless-searchesdeportation/94670768/; Todd Spangler, Border Patrol S ued Over Warrantless Searches In Michigan, Detroit Free Press (Nov. 30, 20 16), http://www. freep.corn/story/news/locaVmichigan/20 16/ 11/30/border-patrol-sued-overwarrantless-searches-michigan/94626530/; Jeff Karoub, Lawsuit Targets US Border Agency Searches In Michigan. Associated Press (Nov. 30, 20 16), https://www.bostonglobe.cotn/news/nation/20 16/ll /30/ lawsuit-targets-borderagency-searches-michigan/9yDYdTd5u7dLtE 13yw9zPI/story.html; John Agar, Michigan Considered a 'Border Zone," Citizens Subject to Search, Detention, ACLU Says, The Grand Rapids Press (Nov. 30, 20 16), http://www.rnlive.com/ news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/20 16/ 11 /michigan_considered_a_border_z.html; ACLU Sues Border Patrol For Details About 'Warrantless Searches', Alleges Racial Profiling, CBS Detroit (Nov. 30,20 16). http://detroit.cbslocaI.corn/20 16/ 11/30/aclu-sues-border-patrol-for-detaiIs-about-warrantless-searches-alleges-raeia1profiling/.
10

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 12 of 17 Pg ID 42

over 7,000 followers on Twitter, and over 800 YouTube subscribers. YouTube videos produced by the ACLU are widely viewed. For example, a video about the police killing of Milton Hall has been viewed over 948,000 times.46

Both the ACLU's print and digital communications often include descriptions and

analysis of information obtained through FOIA requests. Similarly, the ACLU publishes reports

about government conduct and civil liberties issues based on its analysis of information derived

from various sources, including information obtained from the government through FOIA

requests. This material is broadly circulated to the public and widely available to everyone for no

cost or, sometimes, for a small fee. ACLU national projects regularly publish and disseminate

reports that requests. 47

include

a

description

and

analysis

of

government

documents

obtained

through

FO IA

The ACLU regularly publishes " know your rights" materials, mailers fact sheets, and

educational brochures and pamphlets designed to educate the public about civil liberties issues

and government policies that implicate civil rights and liberties. In Michigan the ACLU

publishes "Democracy Watch" and "The Blog of Rights," two widely-read blogs where original

ed itorial content reporting on and analyzing civil rights and civil liberties news is posted daily.48

The ACLU creates and disseminates original editorial and educational content on civil rights and

civil liberties features.49

news

through

multi-media

projects,

including

videos,

photo

essays,

and

interactive

The ACLU of Michigan's website (www.aclumich.org) and the national ACLU's website (www.aclu.org) publish, analyze, and disseminate information. Both websites are heavily vi sited. For example, the ACLU of Michigan' s website had almost 76,000 hits in December 2016. Both websites address civil rights and civil liberties issues in depth, provide features on civil rights and civil liberties issues in the news, and contain hundreds of documents relating to the issues on which the ACLU is focused. The websites also serve as a clearinghouse for news about ACLU cases, as well as analysis about case developments, and an archive of case-related documents. Through these pages, and with respect to each specific civil liberties issue, the ACLU provides the public with educational material, recent news, analyses of relevant Congressional or
46 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Iigvm5iPkU.
47 See, e.g., ACLU, ACLU-Obtained £mails Prove that the Federal Bureau ofPrisons Covered Up Its Visit to the CIA's Torture Site (Nov. 22, 2016, 3: 15 PM), https://www.aclu.org/bloglspeak-freely/aclu-obtained-emails-provefederal-bureau-prisons-covered-its-visit-c ias-torture; ACLU, Details Abound in Drone 'Playbook' - Except for the Ones That Really Matter Most (Aug. 8, 2016, 5:30 PM), https://www.aclu.org/bloglspeak-freely/details-abounddrone-playbook-except-ones-really-matter-most; ACLU, ACLU- Obtained Documents Reveal Breadth ofSecretive Stingray Use in Florida (Feb. 22, 2015, 5:30 PM), https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-future/aclu-obtained-documentsreveal-breadth-secretive-stingray-use-norida; ACLU, New NSA Documents Shine More Light into Black Box of Executive Order 12333 (Oct. 30, 20 14, 3:29 PM), https://www.aclu.org/blog/new-nsa-documents-shine-more-lightblack-box-executive-order-1 2333 ; ACLU, ACLU Eye on the FBI: Documents Reveal Lack ofPrivacy Safeguard5 and Guidance in Government's "Suspicious Activity Report" Systems (Oct. 29, 20 13), https:// www.aclu.org/sitesldefault/fi les/asse ts leye_o n _fbi_-_sars.pdf.
48 See http://www.aclumich.org/blog; see also https://www.aclu.org/blog.
49 See https://www.aclu.org/mullimedia.

11

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 13 of 17 Pg ID 43

executive branch action, government documents obtained through FOIA requests, and further indepth analytic and educational multi-media features.

Both websites include many features on infom1ation obtained through the FOTA. For example, the ACLU of Michigan 's reporting on Michigan's Education Achievement Authority featured an investigative story developed based on FOIA information, related blogs, and a raft of
5° emails that were obtained through an ACLU of Michigan FOIA request.

Similarly, on the National ACLU 's website's "Predator Drones FOIA" webpage,

https://www.aclu.org/national-security/predator-drones-foia, contains commentary about the

ACLU 's FOIA request, press releases, analysis of the FOIA documents, numerous blog posts on

the issue, documents related to litigation over the FOIA request, frequently asked questions

about targeted killing, and links to the documents themselves. Similarly, the ACLU maintains an

online "Torture Database," a compilation of over 100,000 pages of FOIA documents that al lows

researchers and the public to conduct sophisticated searches ofFOIA documents relating to

government

policies

on

rendition,

detention,

and

interrogation.

1 5

The ACLU has also published a number of charts and explanatory material s that collect, summarize, and analyze information it has obtained through the FOIA. For example, through
compi lation and analysis of information gathered from various sources- including information obtained from the government through FOIA requests- the ACLU created an original chart that provides the public and news media with a comprehensive summary index of Bush-era Office of Legal Counsel memos relating to interrogation, detention, rendition, and surveillance.52 Similarly, the ACLU produced a summary of documents released in response to a FOIA request related to the FISA Amendments Act53; a chart of original statistics about the Defense
Department's use ofNational Security Letters based on its own analysis of records obtained through FOIA requests54; and an analysis of documents obtained through FOIA requests about FBI surveillance fl ights over Baltimore.55

The ACLU plans to analyze, publish, and disseminate to the public the information
gathered through this Request. The records requested are not sought for commercial use and the requesters plan to disseminate the information disclosed as a result of this Request to the public at no cost.

50 ACLU of Michigan, Buzzki/1: The EAA 's Emails Exposed (Sept. 24, 20 15), http://www.aclurnich.org/buzzemai ls. 51 https://www.thetorturedatabase.org. See also https://www.aclu.org/foia-collection/targeted-killing-foia-database. 52 https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/safefree/olcmemos_ 2009_0305.pdf. 53 https://www.aclu.org/files/pdfs/natsec/ faafoia20 I01129/20 I0 11 29Summary.pdf. 54 https://www.aclu.org/sites/defau ltlfi les/ field_documentlnsl_stats.pdf. 55 https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-future/ tbi-documents-reveal-new-information-baltimore-surveillance-flights.
12

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 14 of 17 Pg ID 44
B. The records sought are urgently needed to inform the public about actual or alleged government activity.
These records are urgently needed to inform the ~ublic about actual or alleged government activity. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(v)(I1). 6 Specifically, as discussed in Part I, supra, the requested records seek to inform the public about the CBP's current, local enforcement of a new Executive Order amid five court orders, varying directives, and other quickly developing events.
Given the foregoing, the ACLU has satisfied the requirements for expedited processing of thi s Request.
IV. Application for Waiver or Limitation of Fees The ACLU req uests a waiver of document search, review, and duplication fees on the grounds that disclosure of the requested records is in the public interest and because disclosure is "like ly to contribute significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of the government and is not primarily in the commercial interest of the requester." 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(iii).57 The ACLU also requests a waiver of search fees on the grounds that the ACLU qualifies as a "representati ve of the news media" and the records are not sought for commercial use. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(ii)(II).
A. The Request is likely to contribute significantly to public understanding ofthe operations or activities ofthe government and is not primarily in the commercial interest ofthe ACLU
As discussed above, news accounts underscore the substantial public interest in the records sought through this Request. Given the ongoing and widespread media attention to this issue, the records sought will significantly contribute to public understanding of an issue of profound public importance. Especially because little specific information has been made public about how local CBP Field Offices plan to enforce the Executive Order while a lso complying with the federal court orders, the records sought are certain to contribute significantly to the public' s understanding of these issues.
The ACLU is not filing this Request to further its commercia l interest. As described above, any information disclosed by the ACLU as a result of this FOIA Request will be available to the public at no cost. Thus, a fee waiver would fulfi ll Congress's legislative intent in amending the FO IA. See Judicial Watch, Inc. v. Rossolli, 326 F.3d 1309, 1312 (D.C. Cir. 2003) ("Congress amended FOIA to ensure that it be liberally construed in favor of waivers for noncommercial requesters." (quotation marks omitted)).
56 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5.5(e)(l)(ii). 51 See also 6 C.F.R. § S. ll (k).
13

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 15 of 17 Pg ID 45
B. The ACLU is a representative ofthe news media and the records are not soughtfor commercial use.
The ACLU also reques ts a waiver of search fees on the grounds that the ACLU qualifies as a " representative of the news media" and the records are not sought for commercial use. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(ii)(Il). The ACLU meets the statutory and regulatory definitions of a " representative of the news media" because it is an "entity that gathers information of potential interest to a segment of the public, uses its editorial ski lls to turn the raw materials into a distinct work , and distributes that work to an audience." 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(A)(ii)(lll); 58 see also Nat '/ Sec. Archive v. U.S. Dep't ofDefense, 880 F.2d 1381 , 1387 (D.C. Cir. 1989) (finding that an organization that gathers information, exercises editorial discretion in selecting and organizing documents, "devises indices and finding aids," and "distributes the resulting work to the public" is a "representative of the news media" for purposes of the FOIA); Serv. Women 's Action Network v. U.S. Dep 't ofDefense, 888 F. Supp. 2d 282 (D. Conn. 20 12) (requesters, including ACLU, were representatives of the news media and thus qualified for fee waivers for FOIA requests to the Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs); ACLU of Wash. v. U.S. Dep 't ofJustice, No. C09- 0642RSL, 20 11 WL 887731, at* 10 (W.O. Wash. Mar. 10, 2011) (finding that the ACLU of Washington is an entity that "gathers information of potential interest to a segment of the public, uses its editorial skills to turn the raw mate rials into a distinct work, and distributes that work to an audience"); ACLU, 32 1 F. Supp. 2d at 30 n.5 (finding nonprofit public interest group to be " primarily engaged in disseminating information"). The ACLU is therefore a " representative of the news media" for the same reasons it is "primarily engaged in the dissemination of information."
Furthermore, courts have found other organizations whose mission, function, publishing, and public education activities are similar in kind to the ACLU's to be " representatives of the news media" as well. See, e.g., Cause ofAction v. IRS, 125 F. Supp. 3d 145 (D.C. Cir. 2015); Elec. Privacy Info. Ctr., 241 F. Supp. 2d at 10-15 (finding non-profit public interest group that disseminated an electronic newsletter and published books was a "representative of the news media" for purposes of the FO IA); Nat '! Sec. Archive, 880 F.2d at 1387; Judicial Watch. Inc. v. US. Dep 't ofJustice, 133 F. Supp. 2d 52, 53- 54 (D.D.C. 2000) (finding Judicial Watch, selfdescribed as a " public interest law firm," a news media requester). 59
° On account of these factors, fees associated with responding to FOIA requests are
regularly waived for the ACLU as a "representative of the news media."6 For example, in
58 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5. 11 (b)(6). 59 Courts have found these organizations to be "representatives of the news media" even though they engage in litigation and lobbying activities beyond their dissemination of information I public education activities. See, e.g., Elec. Privacy Info. Ctr., 241 F. Supp. 2d 5; Nat 'I Sec. Archive, 880 F.2d at 1387 ; see also Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, 404 F. Supp. 2d at 260; Judicial Watch, Inc., 133 F. Supp. 2d at 53-54. 60 In May 2016, the FBI granted a fee-waiver request regarding a FOIA request issued to the DOJ for documents related to Countering Violent Extremism Programs. In April 2013, the National Security Division of the DOJ granted a fee-waiver request with respect to a request for documents re lating to the FISA Amendments Act. Also in April20 13, the DOJ granted a fee-waiver request rega rding a FOIA request for documents related to "national security letters" issued under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. In August 2013, the FB I granted a fccwaiver request related to the same FOIA request issued to the DOJ. In June 20 II , the DOJ National Security Division granted a fee waiver to the ACLU with respect to a request for documents relating to the interpretation and
14

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 16 of 17 Pg ID 46
September 2015, CBP granted a waiver of most fees in relation to a FO IA seeking information about the detention of two individuals and other operations at a Detroit Port of Entry. As was true in those instances, the ACLU meets the requirements for a fee waiver here.
* * *
Pursuant to applicable statutes and regulations, the ACLU expects a determination
regarding expedited processing within 10 days. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(ii); 6 C.F.R. §
5.5(e)(4). If the Request is denied in whole or in part, the ACLU asks that you justify all deletions
by reference to specific FOIA exemptions. The ACLU expects the release of all segregable portions of otherwise exempt material. The ACLU reserves the right to appeal a decision to withhold any information or deny a waiver of fees.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. Please furnish the applicable records to:
ACLU Border Litigation Project c/o Mitra Ebadolahi P.O. Box 8713 1 San Diego, CA 92138-7131 I affirm that the information provided supporting the request for expedited processing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(vi).
implementation of a section of the PATRIOT Act. In March 2009, the State Department granted a fee waiver to the ACLU with regard to a FOIA request for documents relating to the detention, interrogation, treatment, or prosecution of suspected terrorists. Likewise, in December 2008, the Department of Justice granted the ACLU a fee waiver with respect to the same request. In November 2006, the Department of Health and Human Services granted a fee waiver to the ACLU with regard to a FOIA request. In May 2005, the U.S. Department of Commerce granted a fee waiver to the ACLU with respect to its request for infonnation regarding the radio-frequency identification chips in United States passports. In March 2005, the Department of State granted a tee waiver to the AC LU for a request regarding the use of immigration laws to exclude prominent non-citizen scholars and intellectuals from the country because of their political views, statements, or associations. In addition, the Department of Defense did not charge the ACLU fees associated with FOIA requests submitted by the ACLU in April 2007, June 2006, February 2006, and October 2003. The DOJ did not charge the ACLU fees associated with FOIA requests submitted by the ACLU in November 2007, December 2005, and December 2004. Finally, three separate agencies-the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Office of Intelligence Policy and Review, and the DOJ Office of Information and Privacy-did not charge the ACLU fees associated with a FOIA request submitted by the ACLU in August 2002.
15

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-2 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 17 of 17 Pg ID 47

Kary Moss, Executive Director Michael J. Steinberg, Legal Director American Civil Liberties Union
Fund of Michigan 2966 Woodward Avenue Detroit, MI 48201-3035

Respectfully,

/ L_ _ __

Miriam J. Aukerman Staff Attorney American Civil Libetties Union
Fund of Michigan 1514 Wealthy SE, Suite 242 Grand Rapids, Ml 49506 (616) 301 0930

16

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 1 of 18 Pg ID 48
EXHIBIT B
Ports of Entry Request

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 2 of 18 Pg ID 49

~~, ACLU
AMERIC.~N CiVIl L1 BF RTIF ·, UNllHJ
ot MICHIGAN

State Headquarters
2966 Woodward Avenue Detroit, Ml 48201 Phone 313.578.6800 Fax 313.578.6811 E-mail aclu@aclumich.org www.aclumich.org

Legislative Office
P.O. Box 18022 Lansing, Ml 48901-8022 Phone 517.372.8503 Fax 517.372.5121 E-maillansing@aclumich.org www.aclumich.org

West Michigan Regional Office
1514 Wealthy SE, Suite 242 Grand Rapids, Ml 49506 Phone 616.301 .0930 Fax 616.301 .0640 Email aclu@aclumich.org www.aclumich.org

FOIA Officer
U.S. Customs & Border Protection Detroit Field Office 211 W. Fort Street, Suite 1200 Detroit, MI 48226

February 10,201 7

FOIA Officer
U.S. Customs & Border Protection 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Room 3.3D Washington, D.C. 20229

Re: Request Under Freedom of Information Act (Expedited Processing & Fee Waiver/Limitation Requested)
To Whom It May Concern:

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5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 3 of 18 Pg ID 50
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2

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 4 of 18 Pg ID 51

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30 at

,

2

0

1

7,

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14 Decision and Order, Mohammedv. http:/lwww.politico.com/f/?id=OOOOO

United States, No. 17-cv-786 (C.D. l59-fbb7-d439-a3db-ftbfl OcbOOO 1.

Cal.

Jan.

31,

2017),

available

at

a15vOairladebrleRaetghatrtdpisn:g//wPlwaiwn.tciflefsa'riMngohtioounsefo.nreTt/ecmbDpoorcasr/pyuRbelisct!rIaMin-inMgIO-0r0d0e4r,-0N0o0.31.p7d-f1.0310 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 2, 2017),

16 Washington v. Trump,_ F.3d _ ; 2017 WL 526497 (Feb. 9, 2017).

I'

3

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 5 of 18 Pg ID 52

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17 Donald J. Trump, TwiiTER 825692045532618753.

(Jan.

29,2017

5:08A.M.),

https://twitter.comlrealDonaldTrump/status/

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21 Robert 29, 2017, holders/.

Mackey, As available at

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4

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 6 of 18 Pg ID 53

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Detroit-Windsor Tunnel
Ambassador Bridge, Detroit International Bridge, Sault Sainte Marie Blue Water Bridge, Port Huron

Through this power of our

request, the ACLU public officials and

atoimlesatronfaabcoiluittattheethfaecptsubolnicth'seingdroisupnednsinabMleicrohliegainn.checking

the

II. Requested Records

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1.

Records created on or after January 27, 2017 concerning enforcement, and implementation ofthe following at the

CBP's interpretation, Michigan POEs:

a.

President Trump's Executive Order, signed on "Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist

January 27, 2017 and Entry Into the United

titled States";

b.

Any guidance "provided to DHS field personnel signed the Executive Order, as referenced in CB

shortly" after President P's online FAQ;27

Trum

p

2PhKraC2ba27uR6tvt9nnlttlPOSaepp,iodnaeirTs:2wlB/reog:Ea0/y/,t-ow/CbHe,1snerTlct7wIeoe.daIstg,wOwiyewa.anB,rN-stvgi.M.oJOmhhavu(rtuiatiJfhdlmtlcfaifnpeaieeafnci:mybr.Ng/i.cW/laPPrg3aheoalteaiet1mstaocioiat,onDtokr/pv2snhpo,nlyet0tole-fLof.tre1scIypraao;xty7o:>w.Crme//)cm/eew,cyoolfua/ayeBuFreniitnrvn-resoiesaslgtvtiwret.niSeOceinlFlsg-aaoitlro/egr-bym2Dddrydnl0dAe/ee/oed2Ter1rnttau7r0aaeoLt-tl/r-li1dnl0kenrhJe7uonL1etaus/ltr/0o-dalpdsbiaewslwatsgois/t:/retr2--/f7pEdhd/u'U9wsoeoPfnl/wrSrpSwwRtet-ret--oApe-wyafmomspaeiyp.iritlducndaprelosbsoeteno-noAl_pnlyirv-m.artttI-higsshmerpoo,o-,eeelbSmm_HvVaoatUts/UiiIpeenbgCtllnliFdl/oraleE;FilD-ran-t_cITdeNatNdedoiedre-EotGeuerssaSnWt--rTseaistbtOcna-EieSOenouetcN,xiewerrdnuJedsidPgrateca,e_iyOn-nuttrUda-_y.S,tLdtei/.T3uW_SvApets0,laef.rX_aaJ,yoiCOxn5,ai2ittU.neen8rPi0pcdn.gSd8h1rt-Tg-2edoi7painOrf9g7tt;,?oge-Mn,2aDus,2r-o7vntSsH0arsAa4-ainA1EanieCtniliiA7Ng4seaorow,pVD-lbbnnfao0MYel-otBevfrir8l,notasaOlasaJour:ri.Ratlelawe4anWiDn,gfb.iEsLlnenl2e,RegA-S96Ct-aetI7,jiuSurt2lbTrsld0oct,Dgo1frJe;im7oas-T,ntns-.o'tm
5

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 7 of 18 Pg ID 54

c. Associate Director of Field Operations for U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Daniel M. Renaud's email, sent at 11 :12 A.M. on January 27, 2017, instructing DHS

employees that the~ targeted countries; 8

could

not

adj udicate

any

immigration

claims

from

the

seven

d-. Judge Donnelly's Decision and Order granting an Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Eastern District of New York on January 27, 2017, including records related to CBP's efforts to comply with the court's oral order requiring prompt production of a list of all class members detained by CBP;29
e. Judge Brinkema's Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Eastern District of Virginia on January 28, 2017;30

f. Judge Zilly's Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, issued in the Western District of Washington on January 28, 2017;31
g. Judge Burroughs' Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the District of Massachusetts on January 29, 2017;32

h. Judge Gee's Order granting an Amended Ex Parte Application for Temporary Restraining Order, issued in the Central District of California on January 29, 2017;33

1. Judge Birotte Jr. Order Granting Emergency Motion for Temporary Restraining

Order and Preliminary January 31, 2017;34

Injunction,

issued

in

the

Central

District

of

California

on

entry-united-states signing. Guidance

("The Executive Order and the instructions therein were effective at was provided to DHS field p ersonnel shortly thereafter.") (emphasis

the time added).

of

the

o

rder's

2oC8frfSyiecineiagAlsil-niactnehdeS-spOteafrtfieic-adeneHdpaeRrrytera,n"nenTDtH-eiEvne-ItNrueTramEuRxoC,i1ET-PutThr,emJroea-inla.ra3et0-Dp, e2Ho0Sp1l7ea-n,laidtveSartaiallatleyb-lDcereayptianhrgtt-tmpinse-:nt/h/tt-eh-e"oiTfnfhtiecererce-ehpAetrr.ece/o.Pme/o2p0l1e7L/0itIe/r3a0l/laysylum-

29 Decision and Order, Danveesh v. Trump, No. 17 Civ. 480 (AMD) (E.D.N.Y. https : / / w w w . a clu .org/1ega l - d oc ument/darweesh - v- t r u m p-decis i o n - a n d-o r d e r.

Jan.

28,

20 17),

available

at

30 Temporary Restraining Order, Aziz v. Trump, No. 1: 17-cv- 116 (E.D. Va. Jan. 28, https://www.justice4all.orglwp-contentluploads/20 17/0 1/TRO-order-signed .pdf.

20

17),

available

at

31 Order Granting Emergency Motion for Stay of Removal, Doe v. Trump, 20 17), available at https://www.justsecurity.org/wpcontent/up1oads/

No.

Cl7-126

( W .O.

W as h.

Jan.

28,

20 17/0 I/Seattle-Order.pdf.

32 Temporary Restraining Order, Tootkaboni v. Trump, No. 17-cv-10154 https://aclum.org/wp-content/uploads/20 17/0 1/6-TRO-Jan-29-20 17.pdf.

(D.

Mass.

Jan.

29,

2 017),

available

at

33 Order, Vayeghan v. Trump, No. CV 17-0702 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 28, 20 17), available at https://www.ac1usocal.orglsites/defaultlfiles/vayeghan_-- order_ re_tro.pdf.

34 Decisiol) and Order, Mohammed v. http://www.politico.com/ fl?id=OOOOO

United States, No. 17-cv-786 (C.D. l 59-fbb7-d439-a3db-ffbflOcbOOO 1"

Cal.

Jan.

3

1,

20

17),

available

at

6

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 8 of 18 Pg ID 55

J.

JOtAharsnadstuueaarrlralwyniocn2eud9sli,vdf2ir0bdo1eum7aal;dtshmdeeiUtttae.iSdn.etAod ttathtoePrnUheinlyai'tdseedOlpSffhtiaicateeIsfnoaternrtdnhareetiEloeanasastleedArnfirrDpoimosrttrciuucnst tdooefdrPytehonennEsSxyuelnvcdauantiyiva,e

k. DHS' s "Response to Recent Litigation" statement, issued on January 29, 20 17;35

I.

DHS Secretary Into the United

John Kelly's "Statement on the En~ of States," issued on January 29, 201 7; 6

Lawful

Permanent

Residents

m.

DHS ' s "Statement on Compliance with Order," issued on January 29, 2017;37

Court

Orders

and

the

President's

Executive

n.

Judge issued

Roberts' Order Re~arding February 2, 2017; 8

Plaintiffs'

Motion

fo r

Temporary

Restraining

Order,

o.

Judge Robart's Washington on

Temporary Restraining February 3, 2017;39

Order

issued

in

the

Western

District

of

p.

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals' decision on the Judge Robart's Temporary Restraining Order;40and

federal

government's

appeal

of

q.

Any other judicial order or executive on or after January 27,2017.

directive

issued

regarding

the

Executive

Order

2.

icRsneoeccnclosuonidrdddienasrgracy:toisoncncreefreonnriinanggw,taheiexvtneerunamdtibnMegriqcohufieigsnatdinoivnPiiOdnugEa,slaspnwuerhsnoufoawrncetertmeo dtehenettaeEinxxeaedmcuointriavstueiobOnje,rcdotererd, to

a.

The total number of individuals who screening, extending questioning, an

remain detained or subject enforcement examination,

to or

secondary consideration

for

a

sD33a6esvEcSDaPrtieae'lTtaptaebaOrmlryFet-emHkaneOettlnfhlMryttoEt-opmpfLsrA:HeS/N/soewiDdcmwreSeenwElttaaCs.dnr-UayhdRpsKSIp.TgeeoYolcilnuvy(tr/Jmoniatennyew.nRth3ste-/e0ts2h,pP0o2o1rm0ne7s1s/a0ei7sd)-1te,d/o2na-R9htv'ao/sedimcAeleappanbanptlr-oeLtaimciantttetiigmnnhagtte-tt-nphiiotsocn:oem/,-/fwdeDTilwrEahenoPwcdm'tT.-odasOrhes.FcsD.uHgr.oiOHtvyM/o-nErmeeLwsaApnsNo/a2Dns0sSeA1E-7crC/et0UicnlReg/nI3TIt0-YCI/isE(ttJiagaDtaneit.mrio2eenc9nt.,ot-2r0, 17), 03S7E1D/C2UH9R/SdIThSYsta-(stJteaamtnee.mn2te9nO, t2n-c0Co1mo7m)p, lpailavinaacnileca-ebcloWeuiarttht-ohCrttdopeusrr:s/t-/wOanwrddw-epr.rdsehAssind.gedonTvts/hn-eeexPwersce/us2ti0idv1ee7n-/to'rsdEerx.ecutive Order, D EP' T OF H OMELAND a38vOairldaebrleRaetghatrtdpisn:g//wPlwaiwnt.ciflfesa'riMngohtioounsefo.nreTt/ecmhDpoorcasr/ypuRbelsictr/aIMini-nMgl-O0r0d0e4r-, 0N0o0.3.1p7d-f1.0310 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 2, 20 17),

39
at

Thtetmpsp:/o/rwawrywR.celsetraariinnignhgouOsred.enre,tSlcthaDteoocsf/Wpuabslhiicn/gIMto-nWv.AT-0ru0m29p-,0N0o0.SC.pld7f.-

0

141

(W. D.

Wash.

Feb.

3,

201 7),

available

,.

40 Washington v. Trump, _ F.3d _; 20 17 WL 526497 (Feb. 9, 20 17).

7

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 9 of 18 Pg ID 56

waiver at Michigan POEs both as of the date of this request and as of the date on which this request is processed; and

b. wnTscuharmeievebtenoeritrnafoolgr,nf euainxnmdtyebivnleeidrdniougnaftghlisqnoudwfeihvtsioitmdiohuenaaiavlnstegMwb, heaiceonhnheignaavfonerPcbeOemeEnesndsteietnaxcianemeJdainnoaurtaisrouynb,2jeo7cr,tc2eo0dn1ts7oi,dsieenrccaoltunioddnianrfgyorthae

1. released,

n. transferred into immigration detention, or

111. removed from the United States;

3.

Records concerning the POEs from January 27,

number 2017 to

of individuals who have been removed date pursuant to the Executive Order;

from

Michigan

4.

vJRaoenlcuuonartrdaysri2cl7yo,nt2oc0er1ren7tiuntrogn;dthaaentednwumithbevraolifdivnidsiavsidouraglsrewenhocaarrdrisvwedhoatsMubiscehqiugeanntPlyOaEgsreferdom

5.

Records containing the "guidance" that was "provided after President Trump signed the Executive Order.41

to

DHS

field

personnel

shortly"

erencfoorrdcesTmoofernCetBiotePfrtHahteeea:EdTxqheuceauArttiCevreLsOU. TrshdeaeetkrisantfinotrhfmoeraMmtioaicntihoiisngsaroneugPgahOrtdEfiosnr,gtnhCoetBfioPnlf'lsoorwimnitnaegtripPorOneEthaset:lidoninatnhde
Detroit-Windsor Tunnel Ambassador Bridge, Detroit International Bridge, Sault Sainte Marie Blue Water Bridge, Port Huron

aSr(pOMeDgurfqoiep.fcuCdinphciuc..reiceygC2.ed'adSCsinratp.cB2onPee21yPcsOn91ietrhf9E,areia20acrlssc3le)a,;hvfl0aaliManynla(en,ldDaoslttr)b.thoik;Dhnlefsisefg.eioACvtacer.s.CtomiaUf2roLialr0ensSetU1lois.dto3poAsDn)ooe.ms.fneeefS.dkpaiecisI'rentemc,rgsohemecbfPa.Jiogelogulrc.rr,dsastatOsuuoitccishgfoeehelEn,elrfdn5seiCebt7qbrloy8udyyuevFOnoC.s.ctffU2BfidfildiPScicvde2..ees6nsDmU1toahep,Stna2pl.adot'6sDtyaR3koreeeefe(fpgo9sAri'rtetaorhaaomnnsCdsafoyeliHn,oraF.a9forfbi2c1meilh0c9lyeed7bFlse8aeO.x)a2nyppt(ddoeaetnS5hcgrdaetee7ectnt,id.ho6c,enty89os5n0otF.

se4P1inRgPtOnryriTno-Egutecn.rciGittOieundNig-ds(tatJhanaetcneNes. a3w(t"1aiT,os2hnp0efrr1Eoo7vxm)ie,dcaFeuvdotairtvieoleaigDbOnlHerTdSaeeftrrirheaotlntrdpdipsstt:eh/Er/ewsnoiwtnnrswyntrei.unclbctsotphi.ootghnroetslvyUt/hbtnheoirertedreiedenarS-wfstteaeerclre.eu"sr)e,ift(Uyfee/m.pSctrp.ioChvteaUescSaitTstinOtahgMde-dnSetaiAdmt)iNo.eDno-BffoOthrReeDigoEnrRd-teerr'rsorist-
8

:";

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 10 of 18 Pg ID 57

fesmRiwGlontomoeuhliccdvqrplolaaetueultigromnide-,oeuysetadntseshaWy,eseeretalrehfheeoseoaeeatrxrsrewmveppfdameeoqaeenflirursduloylmseeisaolatnsadteesncttnebrdcataordehoell,trlmiaueasamritnmelnpnelastedclsasrerloteeiciaaiaylnichtrlvnueaeocleedetchrdroid.dceoew,noAslsenieounmwradoverncldahfka,lltainuiasistplcttlidhsaihlohanainoonnerrgtdclreanghehodlewtectlei,rshytvroxgrr,eweeorterflkinohfmeofneiiuviprlbcercepahresohsnai,osanx.ntdmacngde"guheavftetpsrooyyeseaol,nhtldrptfheteaeaesavegvrsrlaa/a"ekslmnnru(ebdfdtabaomeiennjniremenpdcugnctelaaaeott,ulihrlyolaltpieeinnfasrleseodciduzsutciubaeacboafrtldeonjuilRseolbdno,cdneyttftfesqhiiomerludoeisraneercmactnsgjcthhottetueeisribsrfrrynrieueeseoetmictcddnafeho,p,n)tm,nhaltdohsldsi/lsei,yousnearctentesdd. rdoeeufsretrRrruiecnqtgIiufoteanosntotyhifnertcehelcouvosdereendsrtss,ercbleoeusartpddiossin.nnsgTiohtvtoielsitomhirneicptdelouedtdsettenorstu,,icaabtlniulyoytnarisenosndfpotaohtlnollsisrmieevciertoeetrcoddosttrohdr,ese.alRanteyiqnaugneodsrtarhlelafrveeercrboinergdesntordeetlhasettrinogyeodr, odinufdFriiOcnagItAetAh.tehs acrteorqneudciuorecrddt sobfmyitatshyesbereaerllceohvceaasnteatdncadinsseahnloaouwtlhd, etphreesryafsogtreemnmc.aydFsdahiitloiuuorlnedatlfoosfelolaolrlwcohwaenscylwelheaaredlnessaiadtisddiilssecaaodvvsieorlsation

tspthheoaaastrtsctirhhbeealsepbWr.oleeAnic,tsolhstirevtdrareestnsieacbplt-eeeiivccmpettrraltooyogvn,etiithdcfhoeeerrdefAmocinorCamrtsLd(esUoPpfDbarpreeFarqp)toe,urd,oieunBvsctitastdhiteoteehdnsba-,eestsltsteeahtecmeitm5rproeeaUncdgio.ecSfria.qdlCleuslsy.ab.§lieint5ypt5rhi2one(viatrih)dn(ee3ada)ti(gevBelee)n,cfcittylrheo'esnfAopicroCamslLslayeUts,isinrifeoaqnut,eeaxsntt-ds

ID. Application for Expedited Processing Uirane."fqScou.orCemms.tape§Ttdeih5olile5nsi2nA""(gtuaConr)Lg(ei6neeU)nfd(o[rE"trel)mfqy(ovu]rt")eht(snheltlees)pes.euedxberpldeieccbdociyrtodeansdnc, peaorrsrnogdicaneengfsiiszaniacnettdgiuoapinnluporthsrruieamalsnlateatrgittlueoytde5e,FnUbeged.aSceg.arCeaudl.seG§into5hdv5eie2sir(snnaef)mmo(6reimn)n(ataEtati)icn.o4tgn2ivTithye."re5is

A.

iTnhfeorAmCtLheUpiusbalnicoarbgaonuitzaactitounalporirmaallreiglyedenggoavgerendminendtisascetmiviintya.ting information in order to

pptahnrrieeamslssytaazartiynunTdatghecp.tethui5vAabiUtlCtiii.cenLSsfa.U.oCrSer.imesc§ear"iAt5pti5iroCci2nmaL(,laaUaa)rn(niv6dld.y)w(sUEeui.n)bdS(g.sevatlD)ayg(neeIptIpdi)ua.'ibt4ln3locidOsofihJmbsiustnpasegotiminnaciieennnn,dagt3tsdii2nnio1sfgfsoFeitrnh.mmfeSoianuArtaipmoCtpina.Lntag2iUobdtn'ohs2"uaw4twt,gioin2otrfh9kvoienanrrm.nn5tdham(etaDiermone.nDteataa.moCcnti.otinhvn2gei0gtoy0i,4tfs)
42 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5.5(e)(l). 43 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5.5(e)(I)(ii).

9

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 11 of 18 Pg ID 58

ds(feiisgntmrdiibennugttenosoftnthh-apetrpwoufoibtrlkpicut,obulaiscnesianuittdesrieeedsnitctgoer"roitauolpsbktehila"lpts r"tigomattauhrreinlrystheiennfgroaarwgmemadtaiiontendrioiasflspeinmottoiennaattidianilsgitniintnecfroterwsmtotarokti,aoann"d). 44

AeAlcexrsCaipstdiLoocsscUabiilnaasIrgtsntoieaoaldMefnnfdoiJtinoconchuuodtirhnvgrnoaceaafosrnlteivi,nFsetdgtOhrooietncIhfAugAetmhtCFrheeelLeqniYnUutFestel,aweisnramtasntAt,pdwewtlrootaahcytareersdnirns,aacitlnasroy,liizsoMiniennsvfg.tre4oh.5swreGtmMiidgutohrayt.hctenieGutvutmeepumuyerrebeeenrpclttoitseoceuir.ovsw4tb6eeootrdAat,rhiktCsneheueareddrjr2otw,e0uGtsio1rutunh6lpytaulMeloairtwstfsiemuchy,heiewspiargrwhsdaiozdanoenirpPtskdi.lor4aoe7nystaehsldera

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45 See "How an Investigative Journalist Journalism Review (Nov. 20 15).

Helped

Prove

a

City

Was

Being

Poisoned

with

Its

Own

Water,"

Columbia

8hB4oir6,trrftSe2oMpeg0a:ei/ud1c/,lwc6haea)irw.,sgigtthwa.i,Pten.tsFrapeI-c:lnim/iln/nvum-ietmfesl.Wridtienicegathom-at.esfoto-riArwocgCnrCa/artLHiciensyUraid-nsste,oeDxFAsw.otopsC.cohuu(LrpnrmgeU/de/pesnIoontrtorrtrftaryeiMirgnleylugseic/ola1oahdn6nri-gi0tatthaish1eent7ers,f.asihiygtnta-htatpFten:lf/-ri/oanewrcct'wloDsurw-edWom.sfaa-orctmeeclulrriaamcTtcheieyidcsghattaso.nn,od-wrAignCaC/vftleLleeirasnUtnttie-goWwsatfaitaMnitotegenir;rc--,chh"'"riaigHssDa-iesfneor;m(euLSo'nesecdaptr-odtaa.-cAFs1ylst5irtNn,rea2tao'ym:0w:1-(A5oM)fC,-aLr.U
LUL4S7eaanFrwkivvoeiseSrcreehEsciinAsttyviw~oieCrnapooroondrmmftftmierhnoneugmtnSaoiltntcahLatteteahiwAeoBnFsaCsslroieDnocnteiftapewMtrai.aoritctnemhroiecgfnraAtin,si,ltsthae,enrMndFarrtt.ahivGneekuENyJx.eecKtwetelesllemwlnyaecsdAeiawailn,saotErhdanewvfSoiarprroiCdnriemotdnoetsfnhuDtemail2veJ0erorIRus6rietnHpyaoilAlriltsmwimnaagnrAdfrPwofrramiozrmdet,hfttrehhoeCemo2Wtn0has1euy6mnGPereueSrbatltaitce

aReh2UDDahADrD(sTv4cxetSt80oetuaneettlCetEpas1fepuaSplsptipTmtopnLropi1-:ek:waanoR/Jro/eent,Urp//Frat.eiOa,wrnwt/httlwaodm2romseIeCtoFwebwT4etrfss.tepeglBfohcu,oMwwMesn~n2:.MnerieIb,-/ottt.0o.E/tik)ea;)taRfCwAeciu;a1,T,iciccPnhdaegiC5uFhlRwlhenrtilusiuh)rtOd?g.iOedLe,wtmtggm(osapsdFhIUGr.oaTs.niA:i,ieatO(ndf/tcIc,utPRpAL/hcfM,p=hhwIADyiolrraec:.uAR2.uEeeoo/rowClwoeg2/msttSeaurrwicti.swL4samgcgnegni(uu2sw9iR/cU,/Sgh.dameea3ia5haBewieltm,rocao,rc.1lepltr(oAyltn.aei2n3aoAFuitfacrmtac.0tz)MrDgmcOiiluss;lka2nnel1/eeegiiniuaPi/IF4tg/s6r/ccer,.A1rdma,rpir)ahhrtrA:ec6cuo2irnca(i.ircsalo,mogmrcm0ciauesHleanp2hrai1leq-eaplgRo0.oamnF/5ulEColrof/yrtw)e1ieaoBSdrttidir-c,la6icsgrvitduueiIaothtatii)his/hiicane)nn,Snla-tpsciastsdegegLh(rahplapCettredoattiEorirEio,:eteb/oinocci/pwlnAtvAAtp/eluna-pThiwseirsAerAwmtoC:rlrU/uAiths/wonagriLf/sLeeEetenuwfoctuiuwisninefsUcgxhoybrpi-iwtdo.tphceniUsreeum-Deonewal-atriabSFvnoftnctasetefselb.iieetitOo-ftiatMeoo-itir-dCcmoartcehs-notIpuderisrldirAuo,etlmUsucttaheeisrwainDmShf.dcooitnraioaftne-ioJewneGiitergepAbcsociqrtgaFsoaa-o-odurr-nuu.l/uaseanonelcyusn,ettibRnrs,t-ioheotcesrnU-tmocDaLtmeweotpSb'dtouss.cqaeruSspuoats)/ntii,Mr-u.wld-e;zl/tcasaftseyueczTeuieRtslfopP-ssiti-ufh(mmPdtaraesep-triFuioertgocclerlsretdeeetioosiescenEEiVtasblaaosfnu/fgnettlA.lutsiodsoncmear-tRhlel2uAiarepyasnteDsn(ee4cmdoels-I-relg-EnaDt,seeuenerrat-,-ttsa2cxpaabhaerssidfocAaapcoo0bysxeokrrcrt-ieonlrpoC-n1iiaemHtoet,fosblnh5elixSLonoeA-nneaKa)eeperSpdcUi,-mgt-cmGtrioetFsr:isedevrooeosrtterodesi-irrnerfnAnkarcr,ra-ivifdinakiedlepAnmnAtiMc-iideerchnagd(ba'aIcC-atePMgnii;nrnopfklscicoL-feltPvlu.(hsiCaaiaAiPerUnrcttPiyyeysFBisoegbvMvosbptb-sl5aooueiutmilioosognuol,sricsfzorcoat,lRope2eLazMtitkektiOsgd0ieainid--'tbivdalr1-Acngacieteeein6ttidhgatrosovai)RtsiepoA,bneigeeneon-eda,pscnarnmoyls2rei0tt-,,

10

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 12 of 18 Pg ID 59
stories about documents released through ACLU FOIA requests.49 pMaoBuuboitbtcrhaldhoiiniecrgeriaatdTPybn,aho.tct5oeurr1oteAaTlaCcChtotBeapLwdPteUiairtonahfrpftaoeioeoccurrntemtasnstaaihtwotlweiynioeatsptnhruwrsiwanubinmalt1tihs.c0m5itt00zhhaeWeemrdinzzioiloiwrnennksfigedioon,terhgwfmlyeawhandritieicotiodhhncnitusaCeomtrrBrbnieebtaPsnatueiitctaosnelrneapdcadirhmlboetybhdsr,orueoortcnthduehceegdeorhrAm,thmawCpuFehaLsdseOUfsiraaIeerAas,oCntuarahBntelelqPdyeeuzticsneen.ldt5safi2toirtmerrhemessgteraadartwdetihondefgata TicnihvdeiilrveildiabuTreaerhltoseieviAsne-rCrMe2Ll2iaUc,t0heri0dge0cgaunAurlCrareerLclnyeUtipevmvueebeSnlmiTtssbAh. eeTNrshDhSeoT,muaAssaeNgwhaDoezll,idlnasaepsiinrsqinMudtaiisrmctsheearimgglyaaiznnAia.nCtAeeLdpthUptaortoiosrxsveiupmeeorarm6tte2sal0ioyl,ne02r04as0.n,0Tdp0eha0oenpaAlleyC.zLesU
pJTE5sA4hPAsLrPM9ueerebthqipraCotcsnbcSieepouppspguueeLes0sritreorrrrsepab:-oUa1iir/nt1mkettRvi/re5yyseDwec1Ln.e,eees//gskej/sanew2n-lus.e6e(Ul,wteD0ttsow,aJa-ofwa1tnsun8soirWirr.uli6ecolng3yastoryii,,ehcne-?lntc-Rdr-AWhlaied,l(udud1-aettmJeSDtna0e.4=stuNpocptirn,3e3onrol:crreair22/ai9gceiann/kwris04t8a/uctnagee2snm7lb17amts-lidy3el6fec6a,3nee,iweRnic0)f3esnWnn,2Colecdss8etuth0wr/-ani-l9saSd-wvt1ed8olstsTtoSi(a4apo5hith.lqachgnew)ssc6.iLuur,oo:get_u4Ps/egimohdrw./mbus5c-oewtattCpeieiots;toetyFpnerwnatm;IKrn,tsgdpABtDyiPwt:sAa/ee-./AIK-Urehsr/sDr.seuMweavh-itCShsUrlgdnocielwnsco/oL.lecidnnuDelnwntRwu6Usie,a.(giom,e-o-weqti.GlfnoYals2rliouebsleggc,tru0y-onoiafaellharU1-A-utnutsfdamrtsri6fe..-enmdnteSooa,B,iRwogilg.oretnaeAhna,etgsnrRnaf-otivNmy//tiohast,crcepeonlereAoneiMalsaemradewawrer:n-el-at-/iyaeteldisrA-/ccasyroawerp-aiDe.r(bnlabrDgFAswnOeoe1-araeeado7esCulTCwcytbs-ioc,ercta-sLdei2..lcdauveLwrs'eaU04uTr-icgp-nasealk,1mduoeydstasLdi2or-6triilhe-Maeief0inlzt,otinbipiupd1e)yenncotep;urn/3dKsgcgvrertN-s)uut-tDeyoi'r,-oialspmeivtielhonmc-lonvyiseeretpnkcre-estgeIntUuogympa-tluratsmedsslinlrMoW:-ct(areFi/.tedSvaoosc/o-enooineweenndormrtosrmps,teorewu-mS;lont-ccJtfe.rshP/waut,ueeniwto1rermrnrs-U.tgerida4odt-kDsieReiJScsre,cnsetna2lleteeeLMdssuemtR0std/is/in.eDp2dgnao--1eentork0eahrl2ireeetgeobnistp)lt1isliahn,o/aslao6opJnsieay-na/nrnonea0latfta,gnPtsm8rofHilA-seeor/-SmeeLroa0omnp)n-cg6oweaa;eetorn/mlcCnrf-amPWgl4itomuac-r2.$h;t-Rea,4hli/sntuaOefAiewenrdCMBi5nesni0niuCveno-tii,gtnl; ANahttCPttopRLrsn,:U/eD/ywperNwco.awj9et.ec,th2tWde0gi1eru5sesa,clrthedotritr)ap;Hn:D/.i/cnwaoavrwinSdw/bwW.anomperlsrldoi.o)/a.2r,g0G/12o60v/m1e5ra/nr1m/21e/70n/9ut/sS4-u5ms9pa0re2sch6tea2ld4s9-os/cftiiWnag-atrnoatryitn-usgrueCr-vrIeeApiloTlarotn-rcmteu-araeyi-rRrbeeompronaerint(-tqsoueRcorteiemntg(aqiAnuCoStLeincUrget, g5A0rgoSaueipen,ss-etf.Bigl.eo,-rPfderederesPrsaaRlt-reloalelwafssoueri,tL-AaamgcakeironisfctaT-nursaC-nbisvopiraldrLeerin-bcpeyartt(irNeoslo-Uvla.nc3iko0-n,tr2ao0nfs1Mp6a)ir,cehhntitgcpya:n.//,wCwivwil.a-RcliugmhtischG.roorugp/asrtFicillee/Fceivdiel-rrailgLhatsw- suit h51ttSpe:/e/wAwCwLU.acolufmMiicchh.iogragn/s,i1te0s0/dMefialeulZtlofinleesF/FaaccttS%h2ee0ts:heWeth_alt0i0s_BMoirldee_rZPoanter.poldDf. oing in Michigan?, BphZhAawd53P2rtgtoe0orstaotSeepppn,srrfsneoo:r:d2eis//alcee,rc0//idn"ty(wrniea1Naet-gPC.tlw6tstgie/oere)oa.iws.o,vdtantsiSih.rr.z-Pt/mcoate.s93tcrhemln4p0elbaeiFs6:s,uvs/rss72o/Slc-eewo0m0rh(ul.ccN7webD1Diao6sc6jolwamee-8h.)vmrcct,/.i.n/afo;gthnirri3mTactteleeot0snhwneop/,/iA2Sp,:d9gs2/0e.Ibd//yac0mawg1oDno1Srr6mwu/mca6Yp9/thni)w1a4/gd,,ds'n16.WrTt-hDfg/2oar3rtdlaa6retete05ipypret5ro/eu/srip,a3dna:n7oc.B/0scntd/Alpi//wooutoLi;ildnrm-nenwJtsvddisEe,u/oowesesf1AencrxtfS.3soaK/Cb.P-ecysrtobasaLoyaewsofrrsn/tUt/n9rorcot2SdoerzhuSn0uiewlPebbagre1SsI,uys-l6/'uopF/st,s/lLoeb,at1ooAoartdTe1crrslrw./aolhOy/cBm2eVlsoe.-gvo0buimfmGeecrtoi1mrtdhs/6irrnceT-iaRW/lgdhe;rn1aaawei1aJPdrgnct/ogrsaaa3_iRrhe/ianta0ncltnarls/s/onao2pw-PAtntaU0liilradsboegTo1Sirssond6arrfsui/BaPae/rl2S,t1nirnro-0n1Meeetswrlg/ds1aped3i,sa_6rasce0/rcCas(rhrrl/_Nh-eabiBlAsgenbnooe/sSgcao3trvalydenr0Ir.eD,dnnec/s3ClreDbcesa-M0r-oteypw_ers,snaioStze2-scrsti.aeuorh0thiraodiii1t(cttg1rmeN-6hc-Fatr)esalohenr,;usrvede,g-Aes.eaDeadC3lIPt-lnes0Loe'rBt-,egvrMbUoo2seeosris0irSrtcd--1(duhrFNe6aeeirrcgr)soe-,iavean.l-,
11

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 13 of 18 Pg ID 60
hbo(AsamuayvlCssbeeotsLrhbmcpe7Uerbu,eiA0bebnm0reClsvire0sLsiamhe.fnUoewbAdsleelaConrrdrseLwoegonaUewuvn-rlmeidsuadrrpoene9mdunlo4yapnbT8tdv-ee,wma0irsetsi0eeawt)0mts.reeeItarbdni,anme.dadrMFesndao)sidi.lt.crei5oho3eIrvintnxgseaaaMrvlmnl8iyi,apc0tblhe0hermie,ogYaaaaAodinvlCuc,itTdaLtohseuUteaobtpeAhoapabsCr1suoo.Lbu5xosUtivmmcterhhiraielbat2lesiep5olroay,ns0nl.i20scYe.o01emcofkimuoaaiTilllillllumoillniibwsoegetednovorissaiffudMofobeonvosilcellsFotrroapiw6bcnr3eeoeHrr,bd0ssoua0(loc0blekod,th rrrcafaeeerobnopqqsaomuoutluyereottsvsssrgtit,asssotrs..hBi5vooToa4oemftuhrtiisnehinnstmsftciohmomleruuenamedrAttsceea,ceCrtafosiioao,LndrlnidUeniausosc'ccssblbrmtutpiradaporainiitanlnnidldeogtfldnceayiienntavch.fdniirolArdodrclmuCiiaubggnlLaeiahattrUtaliteFyolidensnOcsiatosoIotimAbisootstmhfanureegiaeunqolspneuvpubidecerbasoarfsltnrjtiseoeicm.odcmaSnteosnsintnmdhrtoeeidiwfgtltosageuicrdaonlluaneyvirmla,nelylytrceyhnalnpseumvtiudsasAebeioonllCadibtfsbLettihalhsnUeicrafnoortnpeiourdpudmgetbdithvaolhiitesnFrsirsooshOyeuneaomIgsnndAhidreenerFafpioOtvoererIdtAnso
fTcepaeeidnduhvaiudbetituclolgAiralrsoeiithCbasivoe.lTeLe5snrcrh6Utano"ieleDmncAsbtreeerneCmnoneacLttwotheprUcessuorpralatrieohecncsrrgyidtoeauiWundsnlaggidtsarhhslotpaycemnathmpmiua"muinlpnabtdpihanl-litldmaiseecnhst"easaeTodtlsedyrihaie"zcegskipiiinvBnnrggiooalnlojlwceregieidcgvdyothtisioolftt,uosrRieirrnagdiircganhuillhgdtcusathadslnattii,seb"dnn"egtdterhmwtdvceiuoieiavdpsctwee.iualrobItiilindslaioi,belcnMspel,ayarhilmt-bcoirceohetaosouiaingldtneetaceserbnisswnlvattofsihyagloesicslns,tiAbwapcsenChiohvrdesLetieitlrieeUtenrssdit,oegidasrrhaisangtiucsdliyetnais.van5le5d waFw(wnohedwrbicecswhixitv.aetaihmTslcehlalpuiAedlb.edoeAC,rrretLgCthis)eULsespUcAiuisisbvCosfliuoifLlsecMrUhsui,gsiioanchefnhdttsa.iMhglaTeyainzchnndehee's,ciwwgaiwvsane,iendblba'ssldnsiitibidwetseessecre(obtamwinslesitwsitoaneiiwassnhtse.eahuardvcueinlesnaufdlaiormnnrsreimdoacdeshascptt.looit7eohrf6ang,dr,.)0pionB0arcgon0ouhvdtmhoihdtiuehtwessneefetisennbfaaorsDtetriuitleoenracensteiesawanmlorgseAnbtaheoCcberioLtav2huviU0elti1l'rAisy6isgs.CwvhuLiBetessbUsiotsetoihdtne.
53 See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Iigvm5iPkU. hEbaSrdOf5Cete4ltnrxtanivIdopSednAceeensecgksGa':reeusr/-al,-Tt-/ubalpTWib-ehioyvlbdor.aaexWgeurUayt-:atOrn\,ebusRd.evcxeArroate.eedehaouiaCccn-eki-SllsunLrpul-ieFytetr.UG1cieoilxvMrs2or,oce(eo3grANaetv-nil3ioptedvsCsot3rtriae-ev-tLdnc-r(eo.e(sUoOmsnFMt2rvli-c-eeed2neOlotsbne,g.r2-s.ftebr2r33t'aa2edst003u(aya-2A1"l3,il-it,t26lSnu;lus2yf,u0se-Agi-03evsdml1.-eCp1i:4E-8s1s5aifL,ic/,m5tl3t,aotUi-52eos:acPr:02s,riuii3M-dela9A1ssm0tsa6s)CA-P;P,o,/PteMAcoLr5shMytotrU:tCi;)tet3vv)u,p_L,e0iEArhsotUehPy:tytnC/;htteM/,Rt_pALawpNsofet)UsbCw:pne,:t/i//,hwLohw_/twewArht-U.ttNw_aepCFw",scSswFeLDawlS:Aud/BrU.ye/sa.e.wIsaoD.tc-r:ptacrlaweOodugliDmlulcfw./sboo.Bb.usotA.rclmuaaro(gubgrOicglemneol/bnlcubeasulettlod.pus.nnoogeD2trSdgosalg9hlnoikff/R,niePbrc-n2ewefulDreroe0vime-s-greMn1efoeoals3ulsnnonayl)tpst-u,r/LeesaderCaac'eoRPLkclo/cueak-livuagvf-ceomoryleherubbafteee-PtolniodlanyBortbiUtsi/nrtovkd-aeepsae'idBahtc-nI-adliyteeEnaistdmlhSecxs-V-akc-adomaifeioBsebflpiocsSgotot-ureufxutpemcooan-rorrrlodetiedfhgvn-ttshiehetvse-te-55 See http://www.aclumich.org/blog; see also https://www.aclu.org/blog. 56 See https://www.aclu.org/multimedia.
12

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 14 of 18 Pg ID 61
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57 58 59

ACLU of Michigan, Buzzkill: The EAA 's £mails Exposed(Sept. 24, 2015), http://www.aclumich.org/buzzemails. https://www.thetorturedatabase.org. See also https://www.aclu.org/foia-collection/targeted-killing-foia-database. https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/safefree/olcmemos_2009_0305.pdf.

60 https://www.aclu.org/ftJes/pdfs/natsec/faafoia20 I0 1129/2010 1129Summary.pdf.

61 https://www.ac1u.org/sites/defau1t/files/field_document/nsl_stats.pdf.

62 https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-future/fbi-documents-reveal-new-information-baltimore-surveillance-flights.

13

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 15 of 18 Pg ID 62

B.

The records
government

sought are
activity.

urgently

needed

to

inform

the

public

about

actual

or

alleged

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of

thi

s

Given the Request.

foregoing,

the

ACLU

has

satisfied

the

requirements

for

expedited

processing

IV. Application for Waiver or Limitation of Fees cA"g§golorC5iomvk5uLeem2nrUl(yndeamsrqt)Tco(uteh4ihaacne)allo(titAAufnadistne)Cire(dssiLi.bciai5iluUss)ot.Une6sar4ueo.s"SrTqtire.gupheCnopere.iisrffmAte§itscshaC5eaaer5nnLiwlr2ttUyeal(ayqtaiiiaun)vvt(oleees4tshrop)ot(eoeurfAdebcftq)ohldr(iueemoiciecc)numso(uetnIrmsewIdd)rsaee.csrniiwmsasttlasaieniiendnvaditteraheirc"nrehoegap,sfnotursdeobfevalttfhiihrtcecehewhieorn,efprtaeeceeneroqresdarusdtoetdissonuatannpetrsdhrlei.eoc"bnarge5otarcitUocoastunu.ioSnvsufed.ieCgtseidhe.stitshsofcaoonltfortttshhhueeere is

A.

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operations ofthe

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na(tao"mboContehovcnenoed,mgpiarnuTmengbhsyelsteirhicacAnemiafaCFotleOnrLnrmoeUdIqAaecutido.iseosSFsntnet.OoeeTdtrI'isJhfAs.uiu"clditsl(nooi,qcgsaeuieantofdhlestiauebWstrywieRaottatenhchiqhevmau,eAteaIrinsCrtwtkcbL.stoeoUuvo.lflmiudaRbsrieoftttruhasealesdrfloreli)ylts)iltt.uiscC,lotc3onoo2nsmf6gtrtrmhuFeie.ess3dsrdFc'isinO1al3elfIaAg0inv9istoR,lera1erteoq3isv1ufte.2ewsAi(atnDiswtve.dCeinler.ltssiCbcfnreoiirrba. ev2da0i0la3b)le

!''1,

63 See also'6 C.F.R. § 5.5(e)(I)(U). 64 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5.11 (k).
14

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 16 of 18 Pg ID 63

B.

The ACLU is a representative commercial use.

ofthe

news

media

and

the

records

are

not

sought

for

twpi2NiAriUdSwoiU"ashnsenr0rerosoeCetqoSo.ttegca1ceSthreaurf.p.aLdwk1urr"k.eineer"CiAteD,)mUrro,isessrpseear.(szrtsatee,etfspufcnekaen§Tptponwmtrh~mbondtodrevrt'hoi5iltetes.edsvaidaioea5d,rsnocietentUiaeen2ih"sAaisnssfinvdetv(get"SrtenJttharC.igteeerrag.utoiDtaa)ietpvmebUhLmob(sitntDprreivi4uatuUfeevseSgriepo)ettectneestseean.(aepthfeetssAaotsthtsroD,eheinl'gotifteno)tstNnmfentrhn(etohffaofrottAidhoaepoteatasihturfiehi)trwthnC.'tceeDv(imiptewenwtCIneqvseLnoeItsfapoeeusop)0ooefmUotfwu.eefaruo9iowrDrksbnboTenDkmbso-fftsslndeed0hlsttitmetfeaifo.ihmch6oe"ec"ffaaW,t,eeepe4iin,a"Aea8nowudnr2usnnannd8bdnisiseCRssaemeia8eia,ee,aehaiwnLw"Scuseuvs"a8aFigaUdxnLsfsdrei8n.iauotiiegrtai,0mmdlsenSsesrmryito2ndcnedoeuDFeeep0feecidcsnpdddi.ust1eene,s2etihipeii"rt1ipet"tg.daaieopss.so")asaaa"rao;2rWaerrt1rngi5ainhcfesdAtdna3adenomehcedLliU8lCd2ertso""1seosfstn8.Ldrt8oeekihStnkr,hdt2naiUen8iiuifti.s1sealtstCl7td(sltouty,l3lisDhra7sst.oitq83fidysartoe3tb.n§t2hu7eVsiomro1tusF1Ceaayth5ne(c,ttemhOtltDou5etaroiFuaae"efernstrI2ittnr..giernntACnngge(t*dasiSaaahao.draont).1sttut)ohre;nt2hhuoisC0(fehpuneS0e4eognrgiAeipng(eren)rr1hrsurrW.s.d(safr2satiflAsi2fusvnwai1e)twfae.in.ldftDoe)9ntiitl(oof(hWsrimerr8mfaiwo.nsrreacoi9"cty)mragWo)qattarp;)om(3ittmmudtinawIerAme(0hvalaeietrgfrealsmeieoCitsimfi)nontahniariatr;iA.oaLnenls'6.klde5onss5srnri"rUMCinfditstAnc)i(osilioo,n.LfnoyoiegooarciaiftTetntrUrnftnoelFfothp.igshpdhcnaoWeOuoaa1aqloeiaoglnstunn0spautItdeeadfAoedgiAs,uaan.igziahnislCsbnNntien5.ittitnlfiidoLgaiaianivgnnlce.Ultcic-"sn't!t

dmEdnUaenieleSseswdsdcc.e.srpiDamiuPmb"ebierFnfepldioidvau'crtataireatosecphd"dyuafeuaaJrIr"pusncnmpaosfweouottsilibe.receoellsCecnli,.,toctcrarS1ofoic.e3,ntnuteh3it2ir,vece4tFrise1tneF..ihgseeOFStaw.s,.uIvlaAasCpSelrwpue)eaf;.tpoufstN2puiesirme.rdnamd2atoi5',nld/2"aofdAS,ratahe5ptcicennut31.ireb0-okwoA5-linirnr4ss1gvcdh5am.(heDtn(IidoeRvfi.dzmDetbSaih,o,ad.teC8ioi1ron8A.ke2ng0qs25Csu0nFwFwLe0o.a.s20UnhtsSd)e-o'puarss(a)rpfe"tt.omop6rm1f6e.dib3pti3i8sernpds7e"guis;1robeJeJ4nlnupu5i,tcdrdafe(iiuitcDscninievita.caneCeltlrti.oaWeoWCtsfnitaavti,hrtgtepc.cershhuo2n,,obu0eslfpI1iwnest5ltchhsf)h.e-;ianvt.g,

O regularly

n account of these factors, waived for the ACLU as a

fees associated with responding to FOIA requests are "representative of the news media."67 For example, in

65 See also 6 C.F.R. § 5.ll{b)(6).

C6Eli6ltieiCvgcioal. utRPiroirtgnsihvhaatnasc,vdy4elI0onf4obfoubF.ny.CdiSnttugrh.p,aepsc2.et4i21vodirtFgia.eatsnS2iub6zpe0apyt;i.oJo2nundddsit5tcho;ieaNbilreaWdt"i'rasIetsScpeehrmc,e.siInAenancrttc.ia,oht1niivv3eeo3s,fFi8on.8ffS0othunFpen.p2na.det2iwaodtsna1mIt3p5e8u3d7b-i;a5lsi"4ce.eeevdaelunscotahtLiooeunagdahecrtthsivheiyitpieeCns.ogSnaefgeeer, eienn.gce., on

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." , I

15

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 17 of 18 Pg ID 64

taSrbueopeutietnmthtbheeodrsee2t0ein1ns5tti,aoCnncBoePsf,tgwthroaeniAtnedCdiLvaiUdwumaailevseetarsnotdhf oemtroheseqtrufoierpeeesmraientniortesnlsfaotairtoaan fDteoeeatwrFoaiOitvIPeAor rhsteeoerefk.Einngtriyn.foArsmwataison

* * *

Pursuant to applicable statutes
regarding expedited processing within
5.5(e)(4).

and regulations, the ACLU expects a determination
10 days. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(ii); 6 C.F.R. §

pwboyirtrhteihofoenlrsIdefonatcfhneoeytthRioneesfrqopwureimecssieaftiteicisxoFendOmeonIpriAteddmeenxiaynetemawripwhatloia.oliTevnhseo.errToAinhfCefpeLaAerUstC., rLtehUseeAervxCepsLectUhtseatsrhikgeshrttehltaeotaayspeopuoejfaualslaltisdfeyegcarilesligdoaenblleteotions to: Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. Please furnish the applicable records

ACLU of Michigan c/o Juan Caballero 1514 Wealthy SE, Suite 242
Grand Rapids, MI 49506

true

I and

affirm that the information provided supporting the
correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. See

request for expedited processing 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(E)(vi).

is

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5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-3 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 18 of 18 Pg ID 65

Respectfully,

Kary Moss, Executive Director Michael J. Steinberg, Legal Director American Civil Liberties Union
Fund ofMichigan
2966 Woodward Avenue Detroit, MI 48201-3035

Miriam J. Aukerman Staff Attorney
American Civil Liberties Union Fund ofMichigan
1514 Wealthy SE, Suite 242 Grand Rapids, MI 49506 (616) 301 0930

17

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-4 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 1 of 3 Pg ID 66
EXHIBIT C
Airports Request, Certified Mail Receipts and Signed Return Receipts

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-4 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 2 of 3 Pg ID 67

U.S. Postal Service'M CERTIFIED MAIL®RECEIPT

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5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-4 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 3 of 3 Pg ID 68

U.S. Postal ServiceTM

CERTIFIED MAIL® RECEIPT

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use

0200 05

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· Detroit Field Office

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5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-5 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 1 of 3 Pg ID 69
EXHIBIT D
Ports of Entry Request, Certified Mail Receipts and Signed Return Receipts

5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-5 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 2 of 3 Pg ID 70

U.S. Postal Service"·'

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we • Print your name and address on·the reverse
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• Attach this card to the bad~ of the mailpiece, or on the front if space permits~

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5:17-cv-11149-JEL-EAS Doc # 1-5 Filed 04/12/17 Pg 3 of 3 U.S. Postal Service"' CERTIFIED MAIL®RECEIPT
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i if Complete items 1, 2, and 3. • Print your name.and address on the:.re.verse so that ~can retu'm the card to you.
a Attach this card to the back.of the mailpiece,
or ori the front if

D. ·Is delivery address different from Item 1? · If YES, enter delivery address below:

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CACASddeeuur~e'r·tt'liiirtftf~viieeSSiddc~liggeMMnneaaToaattnneyutllqnp®rFveevel·eeR~sryetr~slCtr~t.iec·d·t~eDd~eOl~ivee.i.l~vrye~ry~~.~o000 ~RRDRPree~6el1togfu1jr~livsrslniettyere~yRrrMee~eddaelPelMMlEpaa,xitilTlpf~MoRrere~ss.s:t®.~r~.$lT·'_·:.q';.J.)~·>:~-·j1,1

 
 5:17-Ccva-s1e1M14D9L-JNEoL.-E2A78S6 DDoocc#um31entF8il8ed F0i8le/0d30/187/02P/1g71 Pofa5ge 1PgofID5 366

UNITED STATES JUDICIAL PANEL on
MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION
IN RE: AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA) REQUESTS REGARDING EXECUTIVE ORDER 13769

MDL No. 2786

ORDER DENYING TRANSFER
Before the Panel:* Defendants, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP),1 move to centralize thirteen Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) actions in the District of District of Columbia. The actions, which are pending in thirteen districts, are listed on the attached Schedule A.
Plaintiffs, which are various affiliates of the American Civil Liberties Union, oppose centralization. If the Panel grants the Section 1407 motion over their objections, plaintiffs ask that the action in the Eastern District of Michigan be excluded, and that the litigation be centralized in the Eastern District of Virginia or, alternatively, in the District of Maine or the Western District of Washington.
On the basis of the papers filed and the hearing session held, we deny Defendants’ motion. The actions arguably share a limited number of factual issues arising out of FOIA requests made by plaintiffs for records concerning CBP’s interpretation and implementation – at local international airports and, in the Eastern District of Michigan case, U.S./Canada border crossings – of the January 27, 2017, Executive Order No. 13769, titled “Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United States,” as well as any judicial order or executive directive issued regarding the Executive Order. But these factual issues, which principally concern the adequacy of CBP’s searches for the requested records, as well as CBP’s coordination of the searches by its Washington, D.C., headquarters, appear relatively straightforward and unlikely to entail extensive pretrial proceedings. See Riccardi v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 32 F. Supp. 3d 59, 63 (D.D.C. 2014) (“In a FOIA case, where the adequacy of an agency’s search is questioned, the Court may grant summary judgment based on information provided in ‘[a] reasonably detailed affidavit, setting forth the search terms and the type of search performed, and averring that all files likely to contain responsive materials (if such records exist) were searched.’”) (quoting Valencia–Lucena v. U.S. Coast Guard, 180 F.3d 321, 326 (D.C. Cir.1999)). Indeed, as Defendants acknowledge, these actions probably will not involve any discovery. See Mem. in Supp. of Defs.’ Mot. for Transfer, at 16 n.8 (ECF No. 1-1)
* Judge Marjorie O. Rendell took no part in the decision of this matter.
1 CBP is a component of DHS.

5:17-Ccva-s1e1M14D9L-JNEoL.-E2A78S6 DDoocc#um31entF8il8ed F0i8le/0d30/187/02P/1g72 Pofa5ge 2PgofID5 367
-2-
(“In the unlikely event that discovery is authorized in these Related Actions, Defendants anticipate that CBP witnesses would be located in Washington, DC, while Plaintiffs would not have any witnesses of their own.”); see also, e.g., Justice v. I.R.S., 798 F. Supp. 2d 43, 47 (D.D.C. 2011) (noting that in FOIA actions, discovery is “disfavored”).2
Defendants also contend that common factual questions will inform any review of CBP’s determinations to withhold information from disclosure pursuant to FOIA’s statutory exemptions. This argument is unconvincing, because the application of those exemptions is a legal issue. See, e.g., Trentadue v. Integrity Comm., 501 F.3d 1215, 1226 (10th Cir. 2007) (“Whether a FOIA exemption justifies withholding a record is a question of law that we review de novo.”); see also Am. Mgmt. Servs., LLC v. Dep’t of the Army, 703 F.3d 724, 729 (4th Cir. 2013) (same).
Although defendants heavily rely on the Panel’s 1992 decision in MDL No. 910, In re: Freedom Magazine/Internal Revenue Service FOIA Litigation, and its 1991 decision in MDL No. 892, In re: Church of Scientology Flag Service Organization/Internal Revenue Service FOIA Litigation, those decisions are in at least some tension with more recent Panel precedent. E.g., In re: Clean Water Rule: Definition of “Waters of the United States,” 140 F. Supp. 3d 1340, 1341 (J.P.M.L. 2015) (denying federal government defendants’ motion for centralization of nine actions pending in seven districts involving challenges to EPA rule, where resolution of the actions would “involve only very limited pretrial proceedings,” and discovery, if any, would be “minimal”). Moreover, the decisions are distinguishable. In Freedom Magazine, the eight cases were filed by a single plaintiff, which specifically sought records located at the IRS’s Washington, D.C. headquarters. See Freedom Magazine Transfer Order at 2 (J.P.M.L. Feb. 12, 1992) (unpublished). And, in Church of Scientology, “every FOIA request in the litigation was made upon the IRS office in Jacksonville in [the Middle District of Florida, where the cases were centralized],” and related litigation was pending in that district. See Church of Scientology Transfer Order at 2 (J.P.M.L.. Sept. 4, 1991) (unpublished). Here, the actions are brought by separate plaintiffs (albeit all ACLU affiliates), and each FOIA request targets a different CBP field office.
Defendants also argue that centralization would reduce litigation costs. They represent, without contradiction, that it was unnecessary for the ACLU plaintiffs to submit a separate FOIA request for each CBP field office, and that the national ACLU, or the various affiliates acting together, simply could have sent CBP headquarters a single FOIA request asking the agency to search the same field offices for the same records covered by the multiple requests. But, the potential for litigation cost savings, without more, does not warrant centralization, particularly where, as here, there is little likelihood of complex pretrial proceedings.
2 In the unlikely event that these cases actually involve a significant amount of duplicative pretrial discovery, Defendants are free to file another motion for centralization.

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-3IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the motion for centralization of these actions is denied.
PANEL ON MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION

Sarah S. Vance Chair

Charles R. Breyer Ellen Segal Huvelle Catherine D. Perry

Lewis A. Kaplan R. David Proctor

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IN RE: AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA) REQUESTS REGARDING EXECUTIVE ORDER 13769

MDL No. 2786

SCHEDULE A

District of Arizona
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF ARIZONA v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 2:17-01083
Central District of California
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, ET AL. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 2:17-02778
Northern District of California
ACLU OF HAWAI'I, ET AL. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, C.A. No. 4:17-01970
Southern District of California
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF SAN DIEGO AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 3:17-00733
Southern District of Florida
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF FLORIDA v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 1:17-21382
Northern District of Georgia
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF GEORGIA, INC., ET AL. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 1:17-01309
Northern District of Illinois
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF ILLINOIS, ET AL. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 1:17-02768

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- A2 -
MDL No. 2786 Schedule A (Continued) District of Maine
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF MAINE, ET AL. v. U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, ET AL., C.A. No. 2:17-00132 Eastern District of Michigan
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF MICHIGAN v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 5:17-11149 District of Oregon
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF OREGON, INC., ET AL. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 3:17-00575 Southern District of Texas
ACLU FOUNDATION OF TEXAS, INC. v. U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, ET AL., C.A. No. 4:17-01128 Eastern District of Virginia
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF VIRGINIA, ET AL. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 1:17-00441 Western District of Washington
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF WASHINGTON, ET AL. v. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., C.A. No. 2:17-00562