U.S. District Court United States District Court - District of New Mexico (Albuquerque)
CIVIL DOCKET FOR CASE #: 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR

Amaro v. State of New Mexico Assigned to: District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales Referred to: Magistrate Judge Jerry H. Ritter Case in other court: USCA, 17-02178 Cause: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

Date Filed: 09/02/2016 Date Terminated: 09/15/2017 Jury Demand: Plaintiff Nature of Suit: 550 Prisoner: Civil Rights Jurisdiction: Federal Question

Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro

represented by Pedro J. Amaro 44726 Guadalupe County Correctional Facility P.O. Box 520 South Hwy. 54, Exit 3B Santa Rosa, NM 88435 (505) 472-1001 PRO SE

V. Defendant State of New Mexico
Defendant Susana Martinez Governor of the State of New Mexico
Defendant Bill Richardson former Governor for the State of New Mexico
Defendant Hector Balderas Attorney General for the State of New Mexico

Defendant Gary R. King former Attorney General for New Mexico
Defendant Department of Health and Human Services
Defendant New Mexico Department of Corrections NMCD
Defendant Gregg Marcantel Secretary of Corrections
Defendant Joe Williams Secretary of Corrections
Defendant Jerry Roark Director of Adult Prisons
Defendant Tim LeMaster Deputy Secretary of Operations
Defendant Larry A. Phillips NMCD Grievance/Disciplinary Appeals Manager
Defendant James R. Brewster General Counsel
Defendant Angela M. Martinez Health Services Administrator

Defendant Y. Rivera A.C.A. Monitor/Adminstrator for New Mexico
Defendant G. Chavez Ms.
Defendant Geo Group, Inc. a corporation registered to do business in New Mexico
Defendant Joe R. Williams employed by the GEO Group
Defendant FNU LNU Wardens
Defendant FNU LNU Chief of Security
Defendant FNU LNU Grievance Lieutenants
Defendant Corizon, LLC a foreign corporation registered to do business in New Mexico
Defendant Lisa Staber MD
Defendant

Kathy Armijo employed by Corizon as Health Services Administrator
Defendant FNU LNU John/Jane Does
Defendant Dr. Murray Young
Defendant Ms. Garcia Fire Safety and Sanitation Officer
Defendant Jennifer L. Houston
Defendant New Mexico Attorney Generals Office
Defendant Ernesto Alvarez
Defendant George R. Wackenhut Founder
Defendant Erasmo Bravo
Defendant Patricia M. Persante
Defendant David Jablonski Secretary Of Corrections
Defendant

Katherin Allen Certified Nurse Pratitioner or Physician Assistant
Defendant Mr. Rivers Vice President of Opperations
Defendant Matthew J. DenADEL Regional Vice President
Defendant Kristen Romero Mental Health Director
Defendant Centurion Correctional Healthcare of New Mexico, LLC John/Jane Does
Defendant T. Foster
Defendant Adam M. Hasner
Defendant Ann M. Schlarb
Defendant Centurion Employees at GCCF
Defendant Phil Aragon
Defendant Vincent Horton
Defendant

J. David Donahue Senior Vice President
Defendant Christopher D. Ryan
Defendant Jock A. Waldo
Defendant J. Johnson
Defendant Gerald Morris
Defendant G. Morris
Defendant Mr. Everhart Fire Safety and Sanitation Officer
Defendant The Unknown Owner(s) or Superintendant(s) of GCCF and its Property and or the County of Guadalupe
Defendant S. Chavez Maintenance Supervisor
Defendant John Hurley Senior Vice President
Defendant Clarence E. Anthony Board Member
Defendant

George L Zoley Founder/CEO
Defendant Blake R. Barras
Defendant Richard R. Wackenhut Founder
Defendant Karla Rael Accountability Officer
Defendant Thomas M. Wierdsma Senior Vice President
Defendant Richard H Glamton Board Member
Defendant Ben Rael Training Officer
Defendant Johnny Johnson
Defendant Mr. Castillo Maintenance Supervisor
Defendant David Selvage NMCD Health Services Bureau Chief
Defendant Norman A. Carlson Board Member

Defendant Dominica Garnand
Defendant Mr. Branch Fire Safety and Sanitation Officer
Defendant Christopher C. Wheeler Board Member
Defendant Derrick D. Schofield
Defendant David J. Venturella
Defendant Jonathan P. Swatsburgh
Defendant Amy Campos
Defendant John J. Bulfin Board Member
Defendant J. Gay
Defendant David O. Meehan
Defendant Mr. Gerhardt Fire Safety and Sanitation Officer
Defendant Amber D. Martin
Defendant

David S. Burch
Defendant Krystale Rivera Grievance lieutenant
Defendant R. Ulibarri
Defendant Mr. Swaggart Fire Safety and Sanitation Officer
Defendant Anne N. Foreman Board Member
Defendant Blake R. Davis
Defendant Brian R. Evans Senior Vice President
Defendant Julie Myers Wood
Defendant Steve Madrid NMCD Chief Grievance Officer
Defendant New Mexico Governors Office
Defendant Corizon Health John/Jane Does
Defendant Mr. Tenorio Maintenance Supervisor

Defendant Mr. Chavez Maintenance Supervisor
Defendant Timothy Trapp, M.D.
Defendant Timothy Hatch
Defendant New Mexico Human Services Department
Defendant Reede Smith
Defendant Jessica Rodgers aka Jessica Vigil Grievance lieutenant
Defendant James H. Black

Date Filed 09/02/2016
09/02/2016 09/02/2016 09/02/2016 09/02/2016

# Docket Text

COMPLAINT against All Defendants, filed by Pedro J. Amaro.

1

(Attachments: # 1 Part 2 - Main Document, # 2 Exhibit)(iam)

(Entered: 09/07/2016)

2 MOTION to Proceed under 28 U.S.C. 1915 by Pedro J. Amaro. (iam) (Entered: 09/07/2016)

3 MOTION to Appoint Counsel by Pedro J. Amaro. (iam) (Entered: 09/07/2016)

4 MOTION ALLOWING ELECTRONIC SERVICE by Pedro J. Amaro. (iam) (Entered: 09/07/2016)

U.S. District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales and U.S. Magistrate Judge William P Lynch assigned. (iam) (Entered: 09/07/2016)

09/08/2016
10/13/2016
10/13/2016 10/13/2016 12/07/2016 02/13/2017 02/23/2017 02/23/2017 02/28/2017 03/02/2017 03/03/2017 03/07/2017
03/15/2017
03/20/2017
05/05/2017 05/05/2017

5 ORDER REFERRING CASE to Magistrate Judge William P. Lynch by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales. (tah) (Entered: 09/08/2016)
6 Filing fee: $ 15.00, receipt number ALB034383 (ar)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 10/13/2016)
7 Letter by Pedro Amaro (jn) (Entered: 10/14/2016)
8 Inmate Account Statement as to Pedro Amaro (jn) Modified docket text on 10/17/2016 (ln). (Entered: 10/14/2016)
9 MOTION for Summary Judgment by Pedro J. Amaro. (jjs) Modified file date on 12/16/2016 (jjs). (Entered: 12/08/2016)
10 ORDER by Magistrate Judge William P. Lynch granting 2 Motion to Proceed under 28 U.S.C. 1915. (ph) (Entered: 02/13/2017)
11 ORDER by Magistrate Judge William P. Lynch denying 3 Motion to Appoint Counsel. (ph) (Entered: 02/23/2017)
12 ORDER by Magistrate Judge William P. Lynch granting 4 Motion Allowing Electronic Service. (ph) (Entered: 02/23/2017)
13 CM/ECF Pro Se Notification Form electing to receive notification via postal mail by Pedro J. Amaro (ln) (Entered: 02/28/2017)
14 Letter by Pedro Amaro (jjs) (Entered: 03/03/2017)
15 Letter by Pedro Amaro (jjs) (Entered: 03/03/2017)
16 Partial Filing fee: $ 18.07, receipt number ALB036067 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 03/07/2017)
17 Partial Filing fee: $ 18.07, receipt number ALB036144 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 03/15/2017)
18 Partial Filing fee: $ 10.93, receipt number ALB036187 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 03/20/2017)
19 MOTION to Appoint Counsel by Pedro J. Amaro. (yc) (Entered: 05/05/2017)
20 Letter to the Court by Pedro Amaro (yc) (Entered: 05/05/2017)

05/16/2017 06/05/2017 06/16/2017 07/27/2017 08/23/2017 08/24/2017 09/05/2017

21 Partial filing fee: $ 17.93, receipt number ALB036791 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 05/16/2017)
22 Partial filing fee: $ 20, receipt number ALB036974 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 06/05/2017)
23 Partial filing fee: $ 20, receipt number ALB037096 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 06/16/2017)
24 Partial filing fee: $ 20, receipt number ALB037445 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 07/27/2017)
31 Partial filing fee: $ 25.00, receipt number ALB037706 (ng)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 10/02/2017)
25 Letter by Pedro J. Amaro (jn) (Entered: 08/24/2017)
26 PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that this case has been reassigned to Magistrate Judge Jerry H. Ritter as the pretrial judge. Under D.N.M.LR-Civ. 10.1, the first page of each document must have the case file number and initials of the assigned judges. Accordingly, further documents filed in this matter must bear the case number and the judges' initials shown in the case caption and the NEF for this document. Kindly reflect this change in your filings.

09/15/2017 27

Magistrate Judge William P Lynch no longer assigned to this case.
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (ng) (Entered: 09/05/2017)
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales denying 9 Amaro's Motion for Summary Judgment; denying 19 Amaro's Motion to Appoint Counsel; and

dismissing 1 09/15/2017)

Amaro's Civil Rights Complaint. (tah) (Entered:

09/15/2017 28

JUDGMENT against Plaintiff by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales. (tah) (Entered: 09/15/2017)

09/28/2017

29 Filing fee: $ 20.00, receipt number ALB038002. (mr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 09/28/2017)

09/28/2017

30 NOTICE by Pedro J. Amaro (yc) (Entered: 09/28/2017)

10/02/2017

32 Letter by Pedro J. Amaro (jn) (Entered: 10/03/2017)

10/02/2017

33 MOTION for Reconsideration by Pedro J. Amaro. (jn) (Entered: 10/03/2017)

10/10/2017

34 NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 28

Judgment, 27

Memorandum Opinion and Order by Pedro J. Amaro. (Appeal Fee Not Paid.) (yc) (Entered: 10/11/2017)

10/10/2017

35 MOTION to Proceed under 28 U.S.C. 1915 by Pedro J. Amaro. (yc) (Entered: 10/11/2017)

10/11/2017

36 Transmission of Preliminary Record to US Court of Appeals re 34 Notice of Appeal (yc) (Entered: 10/11/2017)

10/11/2017

37 USCA Information Letter with Case Number 17-2178 for 34 Notice of Appeal filed by Pedro J. Amaro. (yc) (Entered: 10/11/2017)

10/12/2017

38 ORDER OF USCA -- ABATING THE APPEAL until the District Court disposes of the pending post-judgment motion. (yc) (Entered: 10/12/2017)

10/24/2017

39 MOTION For Amendment of Complaint by Pedro J. Amaro. (jn) (Entered: 10/24/2017)

10/26/2017

40 Filing fee: $ 20.00, receipt number ALB038281 (ar)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 10/26/2017)

10/30/2017 41

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales denying 33 Plaintiff's Motion for Reconsideration. (tah) (Entered: 10/30/2017)

10/30/2017

42 FILED IN ERROR - ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales granting 35 Motion to Proceed under 28 U.S.C. 1915. (tah) Modified docket text (no document attached) on 10/31/2017 (ln). (Entered: 10/30/2017)

10/30/2017 43

ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales granting 35 Motion to Proceed under 28 U.S.C. 1915. (tah) (Entered: 10/30/2017)

10/31/2017

44 Transmission of Supplemental Preliminary Record to US Court of Appeals re 34 Notice of Appeal (jn) (Entered: 10/31/2017)

11/01/2017 11/06/2017
11/09/2017 11/28/2017 01/02/2018 01/23/2018 02/07/2018 02/28/2018 02/28/2018 03/21/2018 03/29/2018 04/23/2018 04/23/2018 05/25/2018

45 ORDER OF USCA lifting the Abatement of this Appeal (jjs) (Entered: 11/01/2017)
46 NOTICE of Docketing Record on Appeal from USCA re 34 Notice of Appeal filed by Pedro J. Amaro. USCA Case Number 17-2178 (jjs) (Entered: 11/06/2017)
47 ORDER OF USCA as to 34 Notice of Appeal filed by Pedro J. Amaro (jjs) (Entered: 11/09/2017)
48 Partial filing fee: $ 20, receipt number ALB038581 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 11/28/2017)
50 Partial filing fee: $ 12.60, receipt number ALB038868 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 01/02/2018)
51 Partial filing fee: $ 14.40, receipt number ALB039096 (dr)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 01/23/2018)
52 DECLARATION by Pedro J. Amaro (jn) (Entered: 02/07/2018)
53 Filing fee: $ 13.00, receipt number ALB039424 (ln)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 02/28/2018)
54 NOTICE (Institutional Work/Program Assignment) by Pedro J. Amaro (jjs) (Entered: 02/28/2018)
55 Partial Filing fee: $ 20.00, receipt number ALB039630 (bap)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 03/21/2018)
56 DECLARATION by Pedro J. Amaro (yc) (Entered: 03/29/2018)
57 Filing fee: $ 20.00, receipt number ALB039906 (ln)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 04/23/2018)
58 INMATE TIME CARD by Pedro J. Amaro (yc) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
59 Partial Filing fee: $ 15.00, receipt number ALB040200 (kdh)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 05/25/2018)

05/25/2018

60 NOTICE of Inmate's Time Card by Pedro J. Amaro (jn) (Entered: 05/25/2018)

06/22/2018

61 Partial Filing fee: $ 15, receipt number ALB040429 (jg)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 06/22/2018)

07/05/2018

62 MANDATE of USCA as to 34 Notice of Appeal filed by Pedro J. Amaro (Attachments: # 1 Order and Judgment); USCA will Reverse claims with instruction for the District Court to provide Plaintiff an opportunity to amend his complaint to remedy this deficiency. (jn) (Entered: 07/05/2018)

07/24/2018

63 Filing fee: $ 15.00, receipt number ALB040705 (vv)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 07/24/2018)

07/26/2018 64

ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales granting Plaintiff leave to file one amended complaint that complies with this Order on or before 8/27/2018; and dismissing 39 Plaintiff's Motion for Amendment of Complaint. (tah) (Entered: 07/26/2018)

08/03/2018

65 OBJECTIONS re 64 Order on Motion to Amend/Correct by Pedro J. Amaro (jn) (Entered: 08/03/2018)

08/17/2018

66 MOTION for Extension of Time by Pedro J. Amaro. (jjs) (Entered: 08/20/2018)

08/28/2018 67

ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales granting 66 Plaintiff Amaro's Motion for Extension of Time. Amended Complaint due by 9/26/2018. (tah) (Entered: 08/28/2018)

08/29/2018

68 Filing fee: $ 15.00, receipt number ALB040986 (ln)
[THIS IS A TEXT-ONLY ENTRY. THERE ARE NO DOCUMENTS
ATTACHED.] (Entered: 08/29/2018)

09/26/2018

69 AMENDED COMPLAINT against All Defendants. adding New Mexico Governors Office, New Mexico Attorney Generals Office, David Jablonski, Steve Madrid, David Selvage, New Mexico Human Services Department, George R. Wackenhut, Richard R. Wackenhut, George L Zoley, Clarence E. Anthony, Richard H Glamton, Christopher C. Wheeler, Julie Myers, Anne N. Foreman, Norman A. Carlson, John J. Bulfin, John Hurley, Brian R. Evans, Thomas M. Wierdsma, J. David Donahue, Ann M. Schlarb, David J. Venturella, Matthew J. DenADEL, Patricia M. Persante, Jennifer L. Houston, Amber D. Martin, Christopher D. Ryan, Ernesto Alvarez, Adam M. Hasner, Derrick D. Schofield, Reede Smith,

09/05/2019 04/21/2020
04/22/2020

James H. Black, Blake R. Davis, Blake R. Barras, David O. Meehan, Jonathan P. Swatsburgh, David S. Burch, Jock A. Waldo, Amy Campos, Vincent Horton, J. Gay, Dominica Garnand, Gerald Morris, Erasmo Bravo, Johnny Johnson, R. Ulibarri, Timothy Hatch, T. Foster, Phil Aragon, G. Morris, J. Johnson, Mr. Tenorio, Mr. Chavez, S. Chavez, Mr. Castillo, Mr. Everhart, Mr. Branch, Ms. Garcia, Mr. Swaggart, Mr. Gerhardt, Krystale Rivera, Jessica Rodgers aka Jessica Vigil, Kristen Romero, Ben Rael, Karla Rael, Corizon Health, Timothy Trapp, M.D., Katherin Allen, Centurion Correctional Healthcare of New Mexico, LLC, Mr. Rivers, Dr. Murray Young, Centurion Employees at GCCF and The Unknown Owner(s) or Superintendant(s) of GCCF and its Property and or the County of Guadalupe, Dr. Murray Young, Ms. Garcia, Jennifer L. Houston, New Mexico Attorney Generals Office, Ernesto Alvarez, George R. Wackenhut, Erasmo Bravo, Patricia M. Persante, David Jablonski, Katherin Allen, Mr. Rivers, Matthew J. DenADEL, Kristen Romero, Centurion Correctional Healthcare of New Mexico, LLC, T. Foster, Adam M. Hasner, Ann M. Schlarb, Centurion Employees at GCCF, Phil Aragon, Vincent Horton, J. David Donahue, Christopher D. Ryan, Jock A. Waldo, J. Johnson, Gerald Morris, G. Morris, Mr. Everhart, The Unknown Owner(s) or Superintendant(s) of GCCF and its Property and or the County of Guadalupe, S. Chavez, John Hurley, Clarence E. Anthony, George L Zoley, Blake R. Barras, Richard R. Wackenhut, Karla Rael, Thomas M. Wierdsma, Richard H Glamton, Ben Rael, Johnny Johnson, Mr. Castillo, David Selvage, Norman A. Carlson, Dominica Garnand, Mr. Branch, Christopher C. Wheeler, Derrick D. Schofield, David J. Venturella, Jonathan P. Swatsburgh, Amy Campos, John J. Bulfin, J. Gay, David O. Meehan, Mr. Gerhardt, Amber D. Martin, David S. Burch, Krystale Rivera, R. Ulibarri, Mr. Swaggart, Anne N. Foreman, Blake R. Davis, Brian R. Evans, Julie Myers, Steve Madrid, New Mexico Governors Office, Corizon Health, Mr. Tenorio, Mr. Chavez, Timothy Trapp, M.D., Timothy Hatch, New Mexico Human Services Department, Reede Smith, Jessica Rodgers aka Jessica Vigil and James H. Black., filed by Pedro J. Amaro. (jjs) (Entered: 09/27/2018)
70 Letter to the Court by Pedro Amara (yc) (Entered: 09/05/2019)
71 NOTICE of Document Filed in 10th Circuit Court of Appeals by Pedro J. Amaro (jjs) (Entered: 04/21/2020)
72 LETTER from USCA as to petitioner re 34 Notice of Appeal. (cer) (Entered: 04/22/2020)

05/21/2020

73 NOTICE-Motion to Proceed without Prepayment of Costs or Fees by Pedro J. Amaro (Motion was forwarded to 10 Circuit-Court of Appeals via email as to case 20-2052) (jjs) (Entered: 05/21/2020)

05/27/2020

74 NOTICE-2nd Motion to Proceed without Prepayment of Costs or Fees by Pedro J. Amaro (Motion was forwarded to 10 Circuit-Court of Appeals via email as to case 20-2052) (jjs) (Entered: 05/28/2020)

05/28/2020 75

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales dismissing 69 Amended Complaint. (tah) (Entered: 05/28/2020)

05/28/2020 76

ORDER by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales denying 73 Application to Proceed in District Court Without Prepaying Fees or Costs. The Court certifies that the appeal is not taken in good faith, and the Court directs the Clerk to notify the Court of Appeals of this denial and certification. (tah) (Entered: 05/28/2020)

05/28/2020 77

JUDGMENT by District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales. (tah) (Entered: 05/28/2020)

06/26/2020

78 ORDER OF USCA as to Pedro J. Amaro. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement Letter) (cer) (Entered: 06/26/2020)

06/30/2020

79 MOTION for Reconsideration re 75

Memorandum Opinion

and Order, 77 06/30/2020)

Judgment by Pedro J. Amaro. (bc) (Entered:

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 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO

PEDRO J. AMARO,

Plaintiff, vs.

No. CV 16-0993 KG/JHR

STATE OF NEW MEXICO, et al.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
THIS MATTER is before the Court on the Civil Rights Complaint Pursuant to 42 U.S.C.
§ 1983 and 1988, and 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 1343(3) filed by Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro (Amaro)
on September 2, 2016, (“Complaint”). (Doc. 1). The Court will dismiss Amaro’s Complaint for
failure to state a claim for relief and as barred by the applicable statutes of limitations.
Amaro’s Complaint alleges:
“Numerous instances and/or multiple episodes of Carbon Monoxide exposure/ poisoning of State Prisoners confined at GCCF predate the events Plaintiff Amaro was subjected to as far back as 2007, and possibly earlier – where Carbon Monoxide exposures and/or poisonings seem to be a theme common to GCCF and similarly designed and/or constructed correctional facilities, such as Lea County Correctional Facility at Hobbs, and the North Eastern New Mexico Detention Facility at Clayton, with the commonality between the repetitive events being a malfunction of any ‘boiler’ and/or its flue as the (boiler/flue) malfunction allows noxious gases (Carbon Monoxide) to escape and accumulate in ‘common space’ shared with heating /ventilation/A.C. duct-work which is routed to every individual cell, thereby exposing State Prisoners to the toxic fumes.”
(Doc. 1 at 17, ¶ 84).
Amaro’s Complaint seeks wide-ranging relief, including injunctive relief “against the
actual conditions of the plants’ inherently flawed architectural design and faulty construction at
all private ‘for-profit’ prison facilities operating in New Mexico,” declaratory relief “mandating

1

structural alterations of the prisons’ structural flaws,” “legal termination and/or dissolution of all State contracts with all private ‘for-profit’ prison companies operating in New Mexico,” and compensatory, punitive, and hedonic damages.” (Doc. 1-1 at 12-14). Documentation provided by Amaro does not provide factual support for his allegations of “numerous instances and/or multiple episodes of Carbon Monoxide exposure/poisoning of State Prisoners . . . as far back as 2007.” (Doc. 1 at 17, ¶ 84).
Materials attached to Amaro’s Complaint document that one incident of carbon monoxide exposure did occur on December 28, 2012, in Housing Two-B Pod at Guadalupe County Correctional Facility (“GCCF”). All prisoners were evacuated from the Pod, medical examinations and treatment were provided to all affected prisoners, the mechanical failure in the boiler system was repaired, Southwestern Gas Service conducted inspection and testing and determined the areas to be safe and in orderly running condition, and all prisoners were returned to the Pod. (Doc. 1-2 at 5-11). The materials reflect that Amaro filed an informal complaint arising out of that incident on December 29, 2012, (Doc. 1-2 at 1) and a formal grievance on January 14, 2013. (Doc. 1-2 at 6). Amaro also gave a Notice of Claim under the New Mexico Tort Claims Act on December 29, 2014. (Doc. 1-2 at 19). However, Amaro did not file his civil rights Complaint until September 2, 2016. (Doc. 1).
1. Standards for Failure to State a Claim. Amaro is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis. (Doc. 9). The Court has the discretion to dismiss an in forma pauperis complaint sua sponte for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted under either Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), or 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), the Court must accept all well-pled factual allegations, but not conclusory, unsupported allegations, and may not consider matters outside the pleading. Bell
2

Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007); Dunn v. White, 880 F.2d 1188, 1190 (10th Cir. 1989). The court may dismiss a complaint under rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim if “it is ‘patently obvious’ that the plaintiff could not prevail on the facts alleged.” Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1109 (10th Cir. 1991) (quoting McKinney v. Oklahoma Dep’t of Human Services, 925 F.2d 363, 365 (10th Cir. 1991)). A plaintiff must allege “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. A claim should be dismissed where it is legally or factually insufficient to state a plausible claim for relief. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555.
Under Section 1915(e)(2)(B) the court may dismiss the complaint at any time if it determines the action fails to state a claim for relief or is frivolous or malicious. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). The authority granted by Section 1915 permits the court “the unusual power to pierce the veil of the complaint's factual allegations and dismiss those claims whose factual contentions are clearly baseless.” Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 327 (1989). See also Hall, 935 F.2d at 1109. “[T]he authority to ‘pierce the veil of the complaint's factual allegations’ means that a court is not bound, as it usually is when making a determination based solely on the pleadings, to accept without question the truth of the plaintiff's allegations.” Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 32 (1992). The court is not required to accept the truth of the plaintiff's allegations but, instead, may go beyond the pleadings and consider any other materials filed by the parties, as well as court proceedings subject to judicial notice. Id. at 32-33.
In reviewing a pro se complaint, the Court liberally construes the factual allegations. See Northington v. Jackson, 973 F.2d 1518, 1520-21 (10th Cir. 1992). However, a pro se plaintiff’s pleadings are judged by the same legal standards that apply to all litigants, and a pro se plaintiff must abide by the applicable rules of court. Ogden v. San Juan County, 32 F.3d 452, 455 (10th Cir. 1994). The court is not obligated to craft legal theories for the plaintiff or to supply factual
3

allegations to support the plaintiff’s claims. Nor may the court assume the role of advocate for the pro se litigant. Hall, 935 F.2d at 1110.
2. Amaro May Not Litigate Other Prisoners’ Claims. Amaro appears to be seeking relief for alleged incidents at facilities where he is not incarcerated and for alleged injuries to other prisoners. (Doc. 1 at ¶ 84). “The right to proceed pro se in a civil action in federal court is guaranteed by 28 U.S.C. § 1654. [B]ecause pro se means to appear for one's self, [however,] a person may not appear on another person's behalf in the other's cause[;] rather, a person must be litigating an interest personal to him.” Adams ex rel. D.J.W. v. Astrue, 659 F.3d 1297, 1299 (10th Cir. 2011). In Fymbo v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Co., the Tenth Circuit concluded that a litigant may bring his own claims to federal court without counsel, but not the claims of others because “the competence of a layman is ‘clearly too limited to allow him to risk the rights of others.’” 213 F.3d 1320, 1321 (10th Cir. 2000), (quoting Oxendine v. Williams, 509 F.2d 1405, 1407 (4th Cir.1975)); see also 7A Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil § 1769.1. Amaro may not assert any claims arising out of alleged injuries to others or seek relief on behalf of other prisoners. To the extent Amaro seeks relief on claims other than his own, the Complaint fails to state a claim for relief and those claims will be dismissed. Fymbo, 213 F.3d at 1321. 3. Amaro’s Complaint Fails to State a Claim for Section 1983 Liability. Amaro’s Complaint states that he is proceeding on a civil rights complaint under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983, and 1988, and under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, and 1343(3). (Doc. 1 at 1). Section 1983 is the exclusive vehicle for vindication of substantive rights under the Constitution. See, Baker v. McCollan, 443 U.S. 137, 144 n. 3 (1979); Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 271 (1994)
4

(stating Section 1983 creates no substantive rights; rather it is means through which plaintiff may seek redress for deprivations of rights established in Constitution); Bolden v. City of Topeka, 441 F.3d 1129 (10th Cir. 2006) (stating claims against state actors for violation of Section 1981 must be brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983). Therefore, the Court construes Amaro’s claims for violation of rights under the Constitution as civil rights claims brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Counts III, IV, V, VI, and VII of Amaro’s Complaint allege civil rights causes of action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Although Counts I and II are titled “negligence” claims, both Counts also appear to allege violations of Amaro’s Eighth Amendment constitutional rights and may also be construed as civil rights claims under Section 1983. (See Doc. 1 at ¶¶ 111, 124). To state a claim for relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must assert acts by government officials acting under color of law that result in a deprivation of rights secured by the United States Constitution. 42 U.S.C. § 1983; West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). There must be a connection between official conduct and violation of a constitutional right. Conduct that is not connected to a constitutional violation is not actionable under Section 1983. See Trask v. Franco, 446 F.3d 1036, 1046 (10th Cir. 2006).
Further, a civil rights action against a public official or entity may not be based solely on a theory of respondeat superior liability for the actions of co-workers or subordinates. A plaintiff must plead that each government official, through the official’s own individual actions, has violated the Constitution. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676. Plaintiff must allege some personal involvement by an identified official in the alleged constitutional violation to succeed under Section 1983. Fogarty v. Gallegos, 523 F.3d 1147, 1162 (10th Cir. 2008). In a Section 1983 action, it is particularly important that a plaintiff’s complaint “make clear exactly who is alleged to have done what to whom, to provide each individual with fair notice as to the basis of the
5

claim against him or her.” Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d 1242, 1250 (10th Cir. 2008) (emphasis in the original).
To state a claim against a supervisory official, it was not enough for a plaintiff to make indefinite allegations that defendant was in charge of other state actors who actually committed the violation. Instead, the plaintiff must establish a deliberate, intentional act by the supervisor to violate constitutional rights. Serna v. Colorado Dept. of Corrections, 455 F.3d 1146, 1151 (10th Cir. 2006). To impose Section 1983 liability the plaintiff must establish the supervisor's subordinates violated the Constitution and an affirmative link between the supervisor and the violation. Id. To meet this “affirmative link” requirement, a plaintiff must show: (1) personal involvement by the supervisor; (2) sufficient causal connection between the supervisor’s personal involvement and the constitutional violation; and (3) a culpable state of mind on the part of the supervisor.
A plaintiff may establish the defendant-supervisor's personal involvement by demonstrating his personal participation in the constitutional violation, his actual exercise of control or direction over the officials in the commission of the violation, his failure to supervise, or his knowledge of the violation and acquiescence in it. Poolaw v. Marcantel, 565 F.3d 721, 732-33 (10th Cir. 2009); Jenkins v. Wood, 81 F.3d 988, 995 (10th Cir.1996). A defendant supervisor's promulgation, creation, implementation, or utilization of a policy that caused a deprivation of plaintiff's rights also may constitute sufficient personal involvement. See Meade v. Grubbs, 841 F.2d 1512, 1528 (10th Cir.1988). A plaintiff then must establish the requisite causal connection by showing the defendant set in motion a series of events that the defendant knew or reasonably should have known would cause others to deprive the plaintiff of his constitutional rights. Poolaw, 565 F.3d at 732–33; see also, Snell v. Tunnell, 920 F.2d 673, 700
6

(10th Cir. 1990). Last, the plaintiff is required to show the supervisor had a culpable state of
mind, meaning “the supervisor acted knowingly or with ‘deliberate indifference’ that a
constitutional violation would occur.” Serna, 455 F.3d at 1151. Dodds v. Richardson, 614 F.3d
1185, 1194–96 (10th Cir. 2010).
In his Complaint, Amaro names:
“Unknown/Unidentified “John and Jane Doe Defendants, such as “[a]ll Unknown/Unidentified ‘John Does’ and/or ‘Jane Does’ acting or having acted in the place and/or stead of ‘legal counsel’ to/for the State of New Mexico having knowledge and/or advising State Officials regarding the exposures and/or poisonings of State Prisoners . . . ,” “[a]ll John/Jane Does acting or having acted in the position or role of ‘Grievance Lt.’ or ‘Grievance Officer/Tech’ in GCCF’s ‘Grievance Department,’” and “[t]he Unknown/Unidentified builder(s)/constructor(s) of the physical plant commonly known as ‘Guadalupe County Correctional Facility’ (GCCF), located at Santa Rosa, New Mexico together with the actual owners of any building/construction company.”
(See Doc. 1 at 1-5).
Generalized statements and conclusions without actual identification of individuals and
specific factual allegations of who did what to whom, are insufficient to state a claim upon which
relief can be granted. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676; Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d at 1249-50.
Amaro’s generalized allegations against Unknown and Unidentified or John/Jane Doe defendants
are factually insufficient to state a claim and must be dismissed. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555.
Amaro names numerous individuals as Defendants, including:
Current and former New Mexico Governors Susana Martinez and Bill Richardson, current and former New Mexico Attorneys General Hector Balderas and Gary R. King, Corrections officials Gregg Marcantel, Joe Williams, Jerry Roark, Larry A. Phillips, and Tim Le Master, Corrections Department health officials Angela M. Martinez, Y. Rivera, and Ms. Chavez, Geo Group employees George Zoley, John J. Bulfin, Norman A. Carlson, Juie Myers Wood, David Venturella, John Jurley, Anne Foreman, and Joe R. Williams, and Guadalupe County Correctional Facility officials Warden V. Hatch, Warden G. Morris, Warden G. Chavez, Warden Ulibarri, Warden E. Bravo, Warden J. Johnson, Warden Hatch, Warden Forster, Warden Garnand, Warden Beaird, Major P. Aragon, Major G. Morris, Major J. Johnson, Major “Resnick”, Lt. G. Chavez, Lt. Krystle Rivera, and Lt. Jessica Rodgers a/k/a Lt. Jessica Vigil, and Corizon employees Kathy Armijo, Lisa Staber, M.D.
7

(Doc. 1 at 1-5, 7-16). Although he identifies specific individuals, specifies their official positions, and generally alleges that they acted under color of law, he makes almost no factual allegations of any act or omission by any individual defendant. To the extent he does allege individual conduct, such as conduct by Lt. Vigil in ordering evacuation of H-2 B-Pod (Doc. 1 at 24), he does not allege how the acts of that individual constituted a deprivation of a right secured by the Constitution. The allegations of the Complaint are insufficient to state any plausible Section 1983 claim against any named individual defendant. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676; Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d at 1249-50; Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. Further, to the extent he seeks to impose supervisory liability on any individual defendant, he fails to allege a causal connection by showing that any defendant set in motion a series of events that the defendant knew or reasonably should have known would cause others to deprive the plaintiff of his constitutional rights. Poolaw, 565 F.3d at 732–33; see also, Snell, 920 F.2d at 700. Nor does he allege that any “supervisor acted knowingly or with ‘deliberate indifference’ that a constitutional violation would occur.” Serna, 455 F.3d at 1151; Richardson, 614 F.3d at 1194–96. Last, Amaro names the State of New Mexico as a Defendant. The State is not a “person” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and, therefore, there is no remedy against the State under Section 1983. Further, any claims against State officers in their official capacity are also claims against the State. Although Amaro does not specify the extent to which he brings claims against the State officers in their official capacities, those are claims against the State of New Mexico. The claims against the State of New Mexico and any official capacity claims against
8

State officers do not state any claim for relief under Section 1983. Will v. Michigan Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 63-64 (1989).
4. Amaro’s Claims are Barred by the Statutes of Limitations. Even if his Complaint did allege a plausible claim for relief against any individual, Amaro’s Section 1983 claims, as well as any negligence claims under the New Mexico Tort Claims Act, are barred by the applicable statutes of limitations. Amaro asserts civil rights claims under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1983 in Counts III, IV, V, VI, and VII, and, to the extent he alleges negligence, state tort claims under NMSA 1978, § 41-4-21, et seq. (Repl. Pamp. 1996), in Counts I and II. (Doc. 1 at 20-31; Doc. 1-1 at 1-11). A pleading may be subject to dismissal when an affirmative defense, such as statute of limitations, appears on the face of the complaint or petition. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 214-15 (2007); Vasquez Arroyo v. Starks, 589 F.3d 1091, 1096 (10th Cir. 2009). Civil rights claims arising in New Mexico under Section 1983 are governed by the threeyear personal injury statute of limitations contained in NMSA 1978, § 37-1-8 (Repl. Pamp. 1990). Varnell v. Dora Consol. Sch. Dist., 756 F.3d 1208, 1212 (10th Cir. 2014). A civil rights claim accrues when the plaintiff knew or should have known of the injury and its unconstitutional cause. Id. at 1216. The extent of the injury is irrelevant to the analysis and, instead, the statute of limitations commences as soon as the plaintiff has been apprised of the general nature of the injury. Wallace v. Kato, 549 U.S. 384, 391 (2007); Harvey v. United States, 685 F.3d 939, 949 (10th Cir. 2012). The applicable statute of limitations for Amaro’s claims under Section 1983 is the three-year statute of limitations of NMSA 1978, § 37-1-8. In addition to his Section 1983 civil rights claims, Amaro also alleges state law claims against the Defendants for (1) Negligent Operation of a Medial Facility and (2) Negligent
9

Operation of a Correctional Facility. (Doc. 1, Counts I and II). Because his negligence claims are made against governmental entities and public officials, those claims are governed by the New Mexico Tort Claims Act (NMTCA). See NMSA 1978, § 41-4-2. The statute of limitations applicable to state tort claims against governmental entities and officials is two years under the Tort Claims Act. NMSA 1978, § 41-4-15. The two-year statute of limitations begins to run on the date of the occurrence of the injury. NMSA 1978, § 41-4-15. Amaro’s state law claims are subject to the two-year statute of limitations of Section 41-4-15.
With one exception, all of Amaro’s allegations relate to events occurring more than three years prior to the filing of his Complaint. Amaro alleges that he and others were subjected to carbon monoxide exposure or experienced carbon monoxide-related symptoms “as far back as 2007,” and on December 28, 2012, January 4, 2013, January 19, 2013, and January 21, 2013. (Doc. 1 at 17-19). Amaro’s Complaint was filed on September 2, 2016, more than three and one-half years later. Moreover, the attachments to his Complaint, including his grievances filed in January, 2013, establish that Amaro knew of his claimed injury and its cause no later than January, 2013. (Doc. 1-2 at 1-11). Therefore, the statute of limitations on any claims under the NMTCA ran no later than January, 2015, and the limitations period for his Section 1983 claims similarly expired in January 2016. Varnell, 756 F.3d at1216; NMSA 1978, § 41-4-15.
Amaro does allege that “[o]n February 6, 2014, Plaintiff Amaro was again filmed via hand-held audio/video recorder as ‘sick’—pale/wane, vomiting, and otherwise mentally affected and/or neurologically distressed/disoriented.” (Doc. 1 at 19, ¶ 101). Amaro does not allege, nor do the supporting documents show, an event of exposure to carbon monoxide on that date but, instead, appear to allege that he experienced ongoing symptoms of exposure. See also, Doc. 1 at ¶ 98 (“Plaintiff Amaro suffered varying degrees of symptoms of Carbon Monoxide
10

exposure/poisoning (such as nausea, vomiting, light-headed-ness, dizziness, shortness of breath, headaches, eye irritations, nasal irritations, etc) on the additional dates of . . . February 6, 2014”). Amaro’s allegations of ongoing physical consequences of prior exposure do not toll or otherwise extend the limitations period. Mata v. Anderson, 635 F.3d 1250, 1253 (10th Cir. 2011) (tolling is triggered by continual unlawful acts, not continual ill effects from original violation). Further, to the extent he asserts negligence claims under the NMTCA, claims arising out of any event occurring on February 6, 2014, would still be barred by the two-year statute of limitations. Varnell, 756 F.3d at1216.
Amaro may possibly have been able to present a plausible claim arising out of the December 28, 2012, incident. However, Amaro chose to sit on his legal rights. Ingram v. PrePaid Legal Servs., Inc., 4 F. Supp. 2d 1303, 1311 (10th Cir. 1998)(civil rights plaintiff may not sit on his legal rights). All of the events giving rise to Amaro’s claims occurred more than three years prior to the filing of his Complaint. Further, the record establishes that Amaro knew of his alleged injury and its cause more than three years prior to submission of his claims to the Court. Wallace, 549 U.S. at 391. Therefore, all of Amaro’s claims are barred by the two-year statute of limitations of the NMTCA and the three-year statute of limitations governing Section 1983 claims.
5. An Opportunity to Amend Would be Futile. In deciding whether to dismiss the complaint, in whole or in part, a court is to consider whether to allow plaintiff an opportunity to amend the complaint. Pro se plaintiffs should be given a reasonable opportunity to remedy defects in their pleadings. Reynoldson v. Shillinger, 907 F.2d 124, 126 (10th Cir. 1990). The opportunity to amend should be granted unless amendment would be futile. Hall, 935 F.2d at 1109. An amendment is futile if the amended
11

claims would also be subject to immediate dismissal under the rule 12(b)(6) or § 1915(e)(2)(B) standards. Bradley v. Val-Mejias, 379 F.3d 892, 901 (10th Cir. 2004).
The Court will dismiss Amaro’s Complaint without leave to amend because the Court determines that amendment of the Complaint would be futile. Hall, 935 F.2d at 1109. Amaro’s claims are barred by the statute of limitations and any amendment of those claims would also be subject to immediate dismissal.
6. Amaro’s Pending Motions. Also pending before the Court is Amaro’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 9). Because Amaro’s Complaint fails to state a claim for relief and his claims are barred by the statute of limitations, Amaro fails to establish that he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56. Therefore, the Court denies his Motion for Summary Judgment. Amaro also has filed a second letter motion seeking appointment of counsel. (Doc. 19). The Court previously denied his first motion for appointment of counsel, (see Doc. 11), and will deny his second letter motion on the same grounds.
CONCLUSION Using the Section 1915(e)(2)(B), Section 1915(e)(2)(B) standard, the allegations of Amaro’s Complaint fail to state any plausible claim for relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Further, even if the allegations did state a claim for relief under either Section 1983 or the NMTCA, all of his claims are barred by the applicable statutes of limitations. IT IS ORDERED: (1) Amaro’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 9) is DENIED; (2) Amaro’s letter motion for appointment of counsel (Doc. 19) is DENIED; and
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(3) Amaro’s Civil Rights Complaint Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and 1988, and 28 U.S.C. § 1331, and 1343(3) (Doc. 1) is DISMISSED for failure to state a claim and as barred by the applicable statutes of limitations.
____________________________________ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
13

 
 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO

PEDRO J. AMARO, Plaintiff,
vs.

No. CV 16-00993 KG/JHR

STATE OF NEW MEXICO, et al.,

Defendants.

JUDGMENT

THIS MATTER having come before the Court under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) and

Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) on the Civil Rights Complaint Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 1988,

and 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 1343(3) filed by Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro on September 2, 2016 (Doc.

1) and the Court having entered its Memorandum Opinion and Order dismissing the Complaint

for failure to state a claim under § 1915(e)(2)(B) and as barred by the applicable statues of

limitations,

IT IS ORDERED that JUDGMENT is entered against Plaintiff and the Civil Rights

Complaint Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 1988, and 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 1343(3) filed by

Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro on September 2, 2016 (Doc. 1) is DISMISSED with prejudice pursuant

to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).

________________________________ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

 
 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO

PEDRO J. AMARO, Plaintiff,
vs.

No. CV 16-00993 KG/JHR

STATE OF NEW MEXICO, et al., Defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION THIS MATTER is before the Court on the Motion for Reconsideration filed by Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro on October 2, 2017 (Doc. 33). The Court will deny Amaro’s request for reconsideration. Plaintiff Amaro filed his Civil Rights Complaint Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 1988, and 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 1343(3) on September 2, 2016 (“Complaint”). (Doc. 1). Amaro’s Complaint alleged numerous instances and/or multiple episodes of carbon monoxide exposure/poisoning of prisoners confined at Guadalupe County Correctional Facility dating as far back as 2007. (Doc. 1 at 17, ¶ 84). Amaro’s Complaint sought wide-ranging relief, including injunctive relief “against the actual conditions of the plants’ inherently flawed architectural design and faulty construction at all private ‘for-profit’ prison facilities operating in New Mexico,” declaratory relief “mandating structural alterations of the prisons’ structural flaws”, “legal termination and/or dissolution of all State contracts with all private ‘for-profit’ prison companies operating in New Mexico,” and compensatory, punitive, and hedonic damages.” (Doc. 1-1 at 12-14). Documentation provided by Amaro did not provide factual support for his
1

allegations of “numerous instances and/or multiple episodes of Carbon Monoxide exposure/poisoning of State Prisoners . . .as far back as 2007.” (Doc. 1 at 17, ¶ 84).
The Court dismissed all claims alleged in Amaro’s Complaint and entered Judgment on September 15, 2017. (Doc. 27, 28). The Court concluded that, using the 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) standard, the allegations of Amaro’s Complaint failed to state any plausible claim for relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (Doc. 27 at 4-9) Further, even if the allegations did state a claim for relief under either § 1983 or the New Mexico Tort Claims Act, all of his claims are barred by the applicable statutes of limitations. (Doc. 27 at 9-12).
Plaintiff Amaro filed his Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’s dismissal on October 2, 2017. (Doc. 33). On October 10, 2017, Amaro also filed a Notice of Appeal, appealing the Court’s ruling to the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals. (Doc 34). Because Amaro’s Motion for Reconsideration was filed within twenty-eight days after entry of Judgment, the Court will treat the Motion for Reconsideration as a timely motion to alter or amend judgment under Fed.R.Civ. P. 59(e).
Grounds warranting a motion to reconsider under Rule 59(e) include (1) an intervening change in the controlling law, (2) new evidence previously unavailable, and (3) the need to correct clear error or prevent manifest injustice. See Brumark Corp. v. Samson Resources Corp., 57 F.3d 941, 948 (10th Cir.1995). A motion for reconsideration is proper where the court has clearly misapprehended the facts, a party's position, or the controlling law, but is not appropriate to revisit issues already addressed in prior filings. See Van Skiver v. United States, 952 F.2d 1241, 1243 (10th Cir.1991); Servants of Paraclete v. Does, 204 F.3d 1005, 1012 (10th Cir. 2000).
2

Amaro does not rely on any intervening change in the controlling law or new evidence that was previously unavailable. Instead, he appears to argue that reconsideration should be granted to correct clear error or prevent manifest injustice. See Doc. 33 at 1 (asserting “erroneous interpretation of the facts alleged by Plaintiff Amaro” and “grave misunderstanding of the action”). In his Motion, Amaro seeks reconsideration on two grounds: (1) that the Court’s Memorandum Opinion and Order dismissing his case is inconsistent with the Court’s prior orders and determinations; and (2) that the running of the statute of limitations on his claims was tolled by the exhaustion requirement of the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”). (Doc. 33 at 1). Neither of Amaro’s arguments afford him a basis for relief under Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e).
Amaro’s first argument rests on a misunderstanding of the PLRA. First, Amaro contends that 28 U.S.C. § 1915A requires that the Court perform a screening of the complaint prior to docketing and speculates that because the Court docketed his Complaint, the Court must have made a determination that the complaint was not subject to dismissal. (Doc. 33 at 1-2. However, § 1915A provides that “[t]he court shall review, before docketing, if feasible . . .a complaint in a civil action in which a prisoner seeks redress.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a) (emphasis added). The PLRA does not require the Court to determine whether it will dismiss a prisoner complaint prior to docketing. To the contrary, the statute provides that “the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines that . . .the action . . .fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) (emphasis added).
Amaro also claims, without authority, that in order to proceed in forma pauperis, “the petitioner must satisfy the court that at least one claim in the petition is not frivolous.” He contends that, since the Court granted his application to proceed in forma pauperis, the Court must again, have found that his claims are not subject to dismissal. (Doc. 33 at 2). In ruling on
3

an application to proceed in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 the Court must make a determination “that the person is unable to pay such fees or give security therefor.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). When the Court grants in forma pauperis status, it only determines a prisoner’s financial inability to pay fees or costs and does not pass upon the merits of the prisoner’s claims. The Court’s dismissal on the grounds that Amaro’s Complaint fails to state a claim for relief was not inconsistent with the Court’s docketing of the case, granting of in forma pauperis status, or any other prior decision, and is required by § 1915(e)(2).
Second, Plaintiff Amaro seeks reconsideration on the grounds that his claims should not be time-barred because he was required to exhaust his prison grievance remedies prior to bringing suit. (Doc. 33 at 8-9). Amaro argues correctly that the time spent exhausting prison administrative remedies may toll the running of the statute of limitations for purposes of § 1983. See Roberts v. Barreras, 484 F.3d 1236, 1240-1242 (10th Cir. 2007). Amaro selects, without any actual documentary support, a date of October 2, 2014, as the date on which he exhausted his prison remedies. (Doc. 33 at 9).1 However, the record shows that the prison grievance system was exhausted when the New Mexico Department of Corrections denied Amaro’s grievance on April 8, 2013. (Doc. 1-2 at 11). Even if the running of the statute of limitations was tolled until April 8, 2013, Amaro’s Complaint still was not filed until August 30, 2016, more than three years after completion of the grievance process.
Nor does the Notice of Claim filed by Amaro in 2014 serve to toll the running of the limitations period. (Doc. 1-3 at 16-32). The Notice of Claim is a statutory precondition to the filing of a tort action under the New Mexico Tort Claims Act, not a part of the prison grievance
1 Amaro claims to have filed an informal complaint and an inmate grievance in 2014, but, unlike documentation he provides of his 2013 grievance, he attaches only blank “example” forms. (Doc. 33 at 7, 26-27).
4

system. See N.M.Stat.Ann. § 41-4-16 (1978). Even tolling the limitations period until he had exhausted his prison grievance remedies, Amaro waited more than three years to file his § 1983 action and his claims are time-barred. N.M.Stat.Ann. § 37-1-8 (1978); Varnell v. Dora Consol. Sch. Dist., 756 F.3d 1208, 1212 (10th Cir. 2014).
Moreover, although Amaro requests reconsideration of the Court’s conclusion that his claims are time-barred, he does not contest the Court’s determination that his Complaint fails to state a § 1983 claim for relief. Even if Amaro’s claims were not time-barred, as the Court concluded in its Memorandum Opinion and Order, Amaro’s Complaint fails to state a plausible claim against any individual official or entity. (Doc. 27 at 4-9).
In his Complaint, Plaintiff Amaro makes only generalized allegations against countless “Unknown/Unidentified John and Jane Doe” Defendants. Plaintiff Amaro’s generalized allegations against Unknown and Unidentified or John/Jane Doe defendants are factually insufficient to state a claim. Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007); Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 676 (2009); Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d 1242, 1249-50 (10th Cir. 2008). To the extent Amaro identifies specific individual officials, he makes almost no factual allegations of any act or omission by any individual defendant, nor does he allege how the acts of any individual constituted a deprivation of a right secured by the Constitution. He similarly fails to allege facts showing that any supervisor acted knowingly or with ‘deliberate indifference’ that a constitutional violation would occur.” Serna v. Colorado Dept. of Corrections, 455 F.3d 1146, 1151, 1154 (10th Cir. 2006); Dodds v. Richardson, 614 F.3d 1185, 1194–96 (10th Cir. 2010). The allegations of Amaro’s Complaint are insufficient to state any plausible § 1983 claim against any named individual official. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676; Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d at 1249-50. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570.
5

Plaintiff Amaro does not establish any basis for the Court to reconsider its ruling under Rule 59(e). The Court properly dismissed Amaro’s Complaint as mandated by 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e) and Amaro has not shown any need to correct clear error or prevent manifest injustice. See Brumark Corp. v. Samson Resources Corp., 57 F.3d 941, 948 (10th Cir.1995). Amaro’s Motion for Reconsideration will be denied.
IT IS ORDERED that the Motion for Reconsideration filed by Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro on October 2, 2017 (Doc. 33) is DENIED.
____________________________________ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
6

 
 Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 75 Filed 05/28/20 Page 1 of 6

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO

PEDRO J. AMARO,

Plaintiff, vs.

No. CV 16-00993 KG/JHR

SUSANA MARTINEZ, GOVERNOR FOR THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO, et al.,

Defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

THIS MATTER is before the Court under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) on the Amended Civil

Rights Complaint filed by Pedro J. Amaro (Doc. 69). The Court will dismiss the Amended

Complaint without prejudice for failure to comply with the Court’s Order and with the Federal

Rules of Civil Procedure.

Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro is a prisoner in state custody serving a life sentence for First

Degree Murder, Tampering With Evidence, and Burglary. (Amaro v. Horton, No. CV 17-00898

WJ/LF, Doc. 10 at 1). He filed his original Civil Rights Complaint in this Court. (Doc. 1). In his

Complaint, he sought wide-ranging relief, including injunctive relief “against the actual conditions

of the plants’ inherently flawed architectural design and faulty construction at all private ‘for-

profit’ prison facilities operating in New Mexico,” declaratory relief “mandating structural

alterations of the prisons’ structural flaws”, “legal termination and/or dissolution of all State

contracts with all private ‘for-profit’ prison companies operating in New Mexico,” and

compensatory, punitive, and hedonic damages.” (Doc. 1-1) at 12-14. The Court dismissed the

Complaint on the grounds that it failed to state a plausible §1983 claim for relief and was barred

by the applicable statute of limitations. (Doc. 27).

1

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 75 Filed 05/28/20 Page 2 of 6
On September 15, 2017, the Court entered its Memorandum Opinion and Order dismissing all of Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro’s claims in this case. (Doc. 27). Plaintiff Amaro appealed the Court’s ruling to the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 28, 2017. (Doc. 34). After taking his appeal, Amaro also filed a Motion for Amendment of Complaint on October 24, 2017. (Doc. 39). The Tenth Circuit entered its Order and Judgment on Amaro’s appeal on June 13, 2018. (Doc. 62-1).
In its Order and Judgment, the Tenth Circuit affirmed this Court’s rulings dismissing: (1) all claims against the State of New Mexico; (2) any claims of damages suffered by other prisoners; (3) all requests for relief at prisons where Plaintiff was not and is not incarcerated; (4) all claims premised on the December 2012 or January 2013 incidents or the grievance process associates with those incidents; and (5) any claims for damages against state officials in their official capacities. (Doc. 62-1) at 12. The Tenth Circuit also affirmed this Court’s conclusion that Plaintiff’s claims against individual state officials and prison employees for an alleged February 2014 incident and related grievance proceeding are not currently alleged with sufficient individual specificity to state a valid claim, but reversed dismissal of those claims with instructions for this Court to provide Plaintiff an opportunity to amend his complaint to remedy the pleading deficiency. (Doc. 62-1) at 12. On the mandate of the Tenth Circuit, the Court granted Plaintiff Amaro a reasonable opportunity to remedy the defects in his pleading. Reynoldson v. Shillinger, 907 F.2d 124, 126 (10th Cir. 1990). The Court instructed Amaro that the amended complaint must be limited to Plaintiff’s claims against individual state officials and prison employees for an alleged February 2014 incident and related grievance proceeding, and Plaintiff Amaro may not re-assert any other claims previously dismissed by the Court. (Doc. 64). The Court’s Order stated: Plaintiff's amended complaint should be concise and may raise only
2

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 75 Filed 05/28/20 Page 3 of 6
facts and issues relevant to his allegations of unconstitutional conduct arising out of the alleged February 2014 incident and related grievance proceeding. The amended complaint must include all the allegations and supporting material to be considered by the court, and it may not reference or attempt to incorporate material from plaintiff's original complaint. See Local Rule 9.2(c). Plaintiff is to refrain from including unsupported speculation, he must limit the amended complaint to claims that directly concern him, and he may not discuss issues concerning other people. He is to avoid lengthy or irrelevant background information or other excessively long narratives. Further, Plaintiff must allege some personal involvement by an identified official in the alleged constitutional violation to succeed under § 1983. Fogarty v. Gallegos, 523 F.3d 1147, 1162 (10th Cir. 2008). In a Section 1983 action, it is particularly important that a plaintiff’s complaint “make clear exactly who is alleged to have done what to whom, to provide each individual with fair notice as to the basis of the claim against him or her.” Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d 1242, 1249-50 (10th Cir. 2008) (emphasis in the original). Generalized allegations against “defendants”, without identification of actors and conduct that caused the deprivation of a constitutional right, do not state any claim for relief. Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d at 1249-50. The amended complaint must state the facts of each separate claim and why Plaintiff believes his constitutional rights were violated. He should include identities of individual defendants and their official positions, a description of their actions, and relevant dates, if available. If Plaintiff fails to file an amended complaint or files an amended complaint that does not comply with these directions, the Court may dismiss this action with prejudice and without further notice.
(Doc. 64) at 2-3.
Rather than filing an amended complaint that complied with the Court’s Order, Amaro
objected to the Order. (Doc. 65). In his Objections, Amaro claimed that the Court’s Order was
“overly strict.” The Court overruled Amaro’s objections and granted him an additional 30 days in
which to file his amended complaint. (Doc. 67). In overruling Amaro’s objections, the Court
again notified Amaro that his amended complaint needed to set out a short, plain statement of his
claims that complied with Fed. R. Civ. P. 8. (Doc. 67) at 1. The Order also reiterated that Amaro
could not reassert any claims that were previously dismissed and the dismissal was affirmed by
the Tenth Circuit. (Doc. 67) at 2.
3

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 75 Filed 05/28/20 Page 4 of 6
Plaintiff Amaro then filed his Amended Complaint. (Doc. 69). Far from complying with the Court’s Orders, Plaintiff Amaro’s Amended Complaint is 144 pages long. (Doc. 69). He names in excess of 300 defendants, up to and including “the owners of the real property bearing the street address of 1039 Agua Negra Rd, Santa Rosa, New Mexico.” (Doc. 69) at 57-58. The allegations expressly include official capacity claims and claims against defendants that were previously dismissed by this Court. (See, e.g., Doc. 69 at 7, 9, 10). He asserts 39 claims covering a 10-year period (Doc. 69 at 63, 60-141) and makes generalized allegations such as:
but for negligent staffing of respective state departments by Cabinet Secretaries, NMCD, DOH, and HSD would have been adequately staffed by quality personnel who were properly hired, credentialed, trained, and supervised... (Doc. 69) at 71. In his request for relief, he again seeks injunctive relief, declaratory relief, agency commitment to staff training and discipline, reform of conditions and attitudes endemic to the current correctional culture, legal termination or dissolution of the State’s contracts with GEO Group and/or Centurion, various compensatory damages, punitive damages, hedonic damages, court costs and related costs/fees, and judicial discharge of his current sentence. (Doc. 69) at 141142. The Court takes notice that Amaro has a pattern of making grossly overbroad and unsupported claims. In Amaro v. Horton, No. CV 17-00898 WJ/LF, Amaro filed a habeas corpus petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 seeking to have all criminal convictions by New Mexico’s Ninth Judicial District Court from 1979 through 2013 set aside and all convicted prisoners released from custody. Rule 12(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure permits the Court to dismiss, strike, or order a more definite statement where a complaint is so vague or ambiguous that an opposing party cannot reasonably prepare a response. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f) provides that the Court may strike
4

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 75 Filed 05/28/20 Page 5 of 6
from a pleading any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter. Rule 8 requires that a complaint set out a short, plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). Each allegation must be simple, concise, and direct. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(d)(1).
The Court is not required to sort through voluminous, vague allegations to try to identify Plaintiff’s cause of action. A pro se complaint may be stricken or dismissed under Rule 8(a) if it is “incomprehensible.” See Carpenter v. Williams, 86 F.3d 1015, 1016 (10th Cir.1996); Olguin v. Atherton, 215 F.3d 1337 (10th Cir. 2000). Rule 8(a)'s purpose is to require plaintiffs to state their claims intelligibly so as to give fair notice of the claims to opposing parties and the Court. Mann v. Boatright, 477 F.3d 1140, 1148 (10th Cir. 2007); Monument Builders of Greater Kansas City, Inc., v. American Cemetery Ass'n of Kansas, 891 F.2d 1473, 1480 (10th Cir.1989). Imprecise pleadings undermine the utility of the complaint and violate that purpose of Rule 8. See Knox v. First Security Bank of Utah, 196 F.2d 112, 117 (10th Cir. 1952). Rambling and incomprehensible filings bury material allegations in “a morass of irrelevancies” and do not meet Rule 8(a)'s pleading requirement of a “short and plain statement.” Mann, 477 F.3d at 1148; Ausherman v. Stump, 643 F.2d 715, 716 (10th Cir.1981).
Moreover, a plaintiff may not seek to amend a complaint in a manner that turns the complaint into a “moving target.” It is unreasonable to expect the Court or the defendants continually to have to adapt as the plaintiff develops new theories or locates new defendants. There comes a point when even a pro se plaintiff has had sufficient time to investigate and to properly frame his claims against specific defendants. Minter v. Prime Equipment Co., 451 F.3d 1196, 1206 (10th Cir. 2006). Plaintiff was given precise instructions and the opportunity to frame his claims against specific defendants Plaintiff’s rambling, voluminous filing does not comply with the
5

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 75 Filed 05/28/20 Page 6 of 6
requirements of Rule 8. Plaintiff’s filing buries any material allegations in “a morass of irrelevancies” and does not meet Rule 8(a)'s “short and plain statement” pleading requirement. Mann, 477 F.3d at 1148; Ausherman, 643 F.2d at 716; Minter, 451 F.3d at 1206.
Pro se litigants are required to follow the federal rules of procedure and simple, nonburdensome local rules. See Bradenburg v. Beaman, 632 F.2d 120, 122 (10th Cir. 1980). The Court may dismiss an action under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) for failure to prosecute, to comply with statutes or rules of civil procedure, or to comply with court orders. See Olsen v. Mapes, 333 F.3d 1199, 1204, n. 3 (10th Cir. 2003).
Plaintiff Amaro has deliberately failed to comply with the Court’s Orders, failed to comply with Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 and 11, and failed to prosecute this action. The Court may dismiss this action under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) for failure to prosecute, to comply with the rules of civil procedure, to comply with statutes, and to comply with court orders. Olsen, 333 F.3d at 1204, n. 3. The Court will dismiss this civil proceeding pursuant to Rule 41(b) for failure to comply with rules and Court Orders and failure to prosecute this proceeding. The Court’s dismissal is without prejudice. If Plaintiff Amaro believes he has civil rights claims, he may institute a new case by filing a new complaint that complies with the requirements of Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 and 11 and paying the filing fee or qualify to proceed in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915.
IT IS ORDERED that the Amended Civil Rights Complaint filed by Pedro J. Amaro (Doc. 69) is DISMISSED without prejudice under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) and a final judgment of dismissal without prejudice will be entered closing this civil case.
_______________________________________ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
6

 
 Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 76 Filed 05/28/20 Page 1 of 4

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO

PEDRO J. AMARO, Plaintiff,
vs.

No. CV 16-00993 KG/JHR

SUSANA MARTINEZ, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO, et al.,
Defendants. ORDER DENYING APPLICATION TO PROCEED ON APPEAL IN FORMA
PAUPERIS AND 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3) CERTIFICATION THIS MATTER is before the Court on Plaintiff Pedro Amaro’s Application to Proceed in District Court Without Prepaying Fees or Costs filed May 21, 2020. (Doc. 73). To the extent Amaro’s petition for writ of mandamus qualifies as an appeal for purposes of Fed. R. App. P. 24, the Court determines that no appeal has been taken in good faith and denies the Application to Proceed. Amaro seeks to proceed on appeal without prepayment of fees or costs under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. Section 1915(a)(3) states that “[a]n appeal may not be taken in forma pauperis if the trial court certifies in writing that it is not taken in good faith.” For purposes of § 1915(a)(3), a good faith appeal is one that presents a reasoned, nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts in support of the issues raised on appeal. Caravalho v. Pugh, 177 F.3d 1177, 1179 (10th Cir. 1999). Amaro has not filed an appeal in this Court. Instead, he has filed a Petition for Writ of Mandamus in the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. His Application to Proceed specifies that

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 76 Filed 05/28/20 Page 2 of 4
the issue he intends to raise on appeal is the Court’s failure to proceed as directed by the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals. (Doc. 73) at 1.
The Court dismissed Amaro’s original Complaint on the grounds that it failed to state a plausible §1983 claim for relief and was barred by the applicable statute of limitations. (Doc. 27). Plaintiff Amaro appealed the Court’s ruling to the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals on September 28, 2017. (Doc. 34). The Tenth Circuit entered its Order and Judgment on Amaro’s appeal on June 13, 2018. (Doc. 62-1).
In its Order and Judgment, the Tenth Circuit affirmed this Court’s rulings dismissing: (1) all claims against the State of New Mexico; (2) any claims of damages suffered by other prisoners; (3) all requests for relief at prisons where Plaintiff was not and is not incarcerated; (4) all claims premised on the December 2012 or January 2013 incidents or the grievance process associates with those incidents; and (5) any claims for damages against state officials in their official capacities. (Doc. 62-1) at 12. The Tenth Circuit also affirmed this Court’s conclusion that Plaintiff’s claims against individual state officials and prison employees for an alleged February 2014 incident and related grievance proceeding are not currently alleged with sufficient individual specificity to state a valid claim, but reversed dismissal of those claims with instructions for this Court to provide Plaintiff an opportunity to amend his complaint to remedy the pleading deficiency. (Doc. 62-1) at 12. On the mandate of the Tenth Circuit, the Court granted Plaintiff Amaro a reasonable opportunity to remedy the defects in his pleading. Reynoldson v. Shillinger, 907 F.2d 124, 126 (10th Cir. 1990). The Court instructed Amaro that the amended complaint must be limited to Plaintiff’s claims against individual state officials and prison employees for an alleged February 2014 incident and related grievance proceeding, and Plaintiff Amaro may not re-assert any other claims previously dismissed by the Court. (Doc. 64). The Court’s Order required Amaro to

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 76 Filed 05/28/20 Page 3 of 4
comply with the short, plain pleading requirements of Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 and advised him what was needed to state a civil rights claim for relief. (Doc. 64) at 2-3.
Rather than filing an amended complaint that complied with the Court’s Order, Amaro objected to the Order. (Doc. 65). In his Objections, Amaro claimed that the Court’s Order was “overly strict.” The Court overruled Amaro’s objections and granted him an additional 30 days in which to file his amended complaint. (Doc. 67). In overruling Amaro’s objections, the Court again notified Amaro that his amended complaint needed to set out a short, plain statement of his claims that complied with Fed. R. Civ. P. 8. (Doc. 67) at 1. The Order also reiterated that Amaro could not reassert any claims that were previously dismissed and the dismissal was affirmed by the Tenth Circuit. (Doc. 67) at 2.
Plaintiff Amaro then filed his Amended Complaint. (Doc. 69). Far from complying with the Court’s Orders, Plaintiff Amaro’s Amended Complaint is 144 pages long. (Doc. 69). He names in excess of 300 defendants, up to and including “the owners of the real property bearing the street address of 1039 Agua Negra Rd, Santa Rosa, New Mexico.” (Doc. 69) at 57-58. The allegations expressly include official capacity claims and claims against defendants that were previously dismissed by this Court. See, e.g., (Doc. 69) at 7, 9, 10. He asserts 39 claims covering a 10-year period. (Doc. 69) at 63, 60-141.
In his mandamus petition filed in the Tenth Circuit, Amaro contends that this Court failed to comply with the Tenth Circuit’s Mandate. However, contrary to Amaro’s contentions, the Court fully complied with the Tenth Circuit’s rulings and afforded Amaro the opportunity to file a viable civil rights complaint. Rather than take that opportunity, Amaro deliberately chose to disregard the Court’s Orders and filed an Amended Complaint that violates the Rules of Civil Procedure and the Court’s Orders. To the extent Amaro’s mandamus petition may be considered to be an appeal,

Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 76 Filed 05/28/20 Page 4 of 4
the Court concludes that Amaro does not make any nonfrivolous argument on the law and facts to support any argument on appeal that the Court’s rulings were in error. Caravalho v. Pugh, 177 F.3d at 1179. The Court will deny his Application.
Under Fed. R. App .P. 24(a)(4), the Court will direct the Clerk to notify the Court of Appeals of this denial of Amaro’s Application to Proceed under § 1915 and certification that the appeal is not taken in good faith. Amaro is advised that he may file a motion for leave to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis with the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit within thirty (30) days after service of this Order. Fed. R. App. P. 24(a)(5).
IT IS ORDERED that the Application to Proceed in District Court Without Prepaying Fees or Costs filed May 21, 2020, (Doc. 73) is DENIED, the Court CERTIFIES that the appeal is not taken in good faith, and the Court DIRECTS the Clerk to notify the Court of Appeals of this denial and certification.
___________________________________ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

 
 Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 77 Filed 05/28/20 Page 1 of 1

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW MEXICO

PEDRO J. AMARO, Plaintiff,
vs.

No. CV 16-00993 KG/JHR

SUSANA MARTINEZ, GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO, et al.,
Defendants. JUDGMENT
THIS MATTER having come before the Court under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) on the Amended Civil Rights Complaint filed by Pedro J. Amaro (Doc. 69), and the Court having entered its Memorandum Opinion and Order dismissing the Complaint for failure to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Court’s Orders,
IT IS ORDERED that JUDGMENT and the Amended Civil Rights Complaint filed by Plaintiff Pedro J. Amaro (Doc. 69) is DISMISSED without prejudice pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b).

________________________________ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

 
 Case 1:16-cv-00993-KG-JHR Document 1 Filed 09/02/16 Page 1 of 31

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 Amaro v. New Mexico, 737 Fed.Appx. 882 (2018)

737 Fed.Appx. 882 This case was not selected for publication in West’s
Federal Reporter. See Fed. Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 generally governing citation of judicial decisions issued on or after Jan. 1, 2007. See also U.S.Ct. of App. 10th Cir.
Rule 32.1. United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit.
Pedro J. AMARO, Plaintiff-Appellant, v.
State of NEW MEXICO; Susana Martinez; Bill Richardson, former Governor for the State of New Mexico; Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General for
the State of New Mexico; Gary R. King, former Attorney General for New Mexico; Department of
Health and Human Services; New Mexico Department of Corrections; Gregg Marcantel; Joe Williams, Secretary of Corrections; Jerry Roark, Director of Adult Prisons; Tim Lemaster, Deputy
Secretary of Operations; Larry Phillips, NMCD Grievance/Disciplinary Appeals; James R.
Brewster, General Counsel; Angela M. Martinez, Health Services Administrator; Y. Rivera, A.C.A.
Monitor/Administrator for New Mexico; G. Chavez; Geo Group, Inc., a corporation registered to do business in New Mexico; Joe R. Williams, employed by GEO Group; FNU LNU, Wardens; FNU LNU, Chief of Security; FNU LNU, Grievance Lieutenants; Corizon, LLC, a foreign corporation
registered to do business in New Mexico; Lisa Staber, M.D.; Kathy Armijo, employed by Corizons
as Health Services; FNU LNU, John/Jane Does, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 17-2178 |
Filed June 13, 2018
Synopsis Background: State prisoner brought a § 1983 action against the State of New Mexico, several state officials, the private prison in which prisoner was housed, the company that managed healthcare at the prison, and individuals associated with the prison, alleging violations of the Eighth Amendment based on design flaws that caused incidents of carbon-monoxide exposure. The United States District Court, District of New Mexico, Kenneth J. Gonzales, J., 2017 WL 4142572, dismissed prisoner’s complaint. Prisoner appealed.

Holdings: The Court of Appeals, Monroe G. McKay, Circuit Judge, held that:
claims related to four of the five exposures alleged by prisoner were untimely;
dismissal was unwarranted based on three-year statute of limitations as to the fifth alleged exposure;
prisoner lacked standing to assert claims with respect to other prisons and prisoners;
allegations related to the fifth exposure were insufficient to state a valid claim for relief;
district court improperly dismissed without leave to amend;
district court properly dismissed claims against State of New Mexico; but
prisoner’s claims for injunctive and declaratory relief were not barred against state officials in their official capacities.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
Procedural Posture(s): On Appeal; Motion to Dismiss. *884 (D.C. No. 1:16-CV-00993-KG-JHR) (D. New Mexico) Attorneys and Law Firms Pedro J. Amaro, Pro Se Before PHILLIPS, McKAY, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
Monroe G. McKay, Circuit Judge *885 After examining the briefs and the appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G).

Amaro v. New Mexico, 737 Fed.Appx. 882 (2018)
This case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Plaintiff Pedro Amaro, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, filed this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against numerous defendants, including the State of New Mexico, several state officials, the corporation that runs the private prison in which he is housed, the company that manages healthcare at this prison, and various individuals affiliated with the prison. He alleged that conditions in the prison in which he is housed, as well as other prisons operated by the same company, violate prisoners’ Eighth Amendment rights because design flaws and structural defects related to the ventilation system, boilers, and flues have caused several incidents of carbon-monoxide exposure and continue to place prisoners at risk of further such incidents. He alleged that he experienced “repetitive episodes of Carbon Monoxide exposure/poisoning,” which occurred on December 28, 2012; January 4, 2013; January 19, 2013; January 21, 2013; and February 6, 2014. (R. at 24–25.) He further alleged that he “twice utilized the facility’s ‘Grievance’ program under NMCD Policy/Procedure in an attempt to resolve this situation but all ‘Grievances’ were ‘Denied’ and/or remain unanswered/unresolved.” (R. at 23.) Specifically, as the materials attached to the complaint showed, Plaintiff filed one grievance following the December 28, 2012 incident, and he pursued this grievance up until its final denial by the director of prisons on April 8, 2013. He allegedly filed a second grievance following the February 6, 2014 incident, but he obtained no relief from this grievance either. He filed this federal complaint on September 2, 2016, claiming negligence and a violation of his Eighth Amendment rights based on both the specific past incidents of carbon-monoxide exposure and the ongoing risk of future exposure. He also raised a due process claim relating to the way his grievances were handled by the prison system. In his prayer for relief, he sought declaratory relief, various forms of injunctive relief, and damages.
The district court sua sponte dismissed Plaintiff’s complaint on several grounds. First, the court held that, to the extent Plaintiff sought relief for alleged incidents at other prisons and for alleged injuries to other prisoners, his pro se complaint failed to state a claim on which relief could be granted. Second, the court held that the allegations of the complaint were insufficient to state a plausible § 1983 claim against any named individual defendant, since Plaintiff did not allege individual conduct or tie the acts of any particular individual to an alleged constitutional violation. Third, the court held that Plaintiff could not proceed against the State of New Mexico under § 1983 and his claims against the state officers in their official capacity were likewise barred as

claims against the state. Finally, the court held that the complaint was also subject to dismissal because all of Plaintiff’s claims were barred by the applicable statute of limitations. The court noted *886 that the complaint had been filed less than three years after the February 6, 2014 incident. However, the court held that this incident still did not fall within the three-year statute of limitations for civil-rights claims because the court understood the complaint to be alleging not a separate incident of exposure on that date, but rather a flare-up of symptoms relating to the prior exposure. The court held the complaint was subject to immediate dismissal without leave to amend because amendment would be futile. The court also denied Plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment and request for the appointment of counsel to represent him in this case.
We first consider Plaintiff’s argument that the district court erred in denying his request for the appointment of counsel. We review this decision only for an abuse of discretion. See Rachel v. Troutt, 820 F.3d 390, 397 (10th Cir. 2016). “In considering whether the court acted within its discretion, we consider the merits of the claims, the nature of the claims, [Plaintiff’s] ability to present the claims, and the complexity of the issues.” Id. The district court considered these factors and concluded that Plaintiff was capable of representing himself. After reviewing the record and Plaintiff’s filings in this court, we see no abuse of discretion in this decision, and we thus affirm the district court’s denial of Plaintiff’s request for the appointment of counsel.
We turn then to Plaintiff’s arguments that the district court erred in dismissing his complaint as time-barred and as failing to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. We review both of these legal issues de novo. See Indus. Constructors v. Bureau of Reclamation, 15 F.3d 963, 967 (10th Cir. 1994).
We begin by addressing the statute of limitations. Civil-rights claims arising in New Mexico and brought under § 1983 are governed by a three-year statute of limitations. Varnell v. Dora Consol. Sch. Dist., 756 F.3d 1208, 1212 (10th Cir. 2014). “A § 1983 action accrues when facts that would support a cause of action are or should be apparent.” Fogle v. Pierson, 435 F.3d 1252, 1258 (10th Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted). The statute of limitations is statutorily tolled while a New Mexico prisoner is pursuing mandatory grievance proceedings, but this tolling lasts only as long as the grievance process “ ‘continue[s] in force.’ ” Roberts v. Barreras, 484 F.3d 1236, 1243 (10th Cir. 2007) (quoting N.M. Stat. Ann. § 37-1-12). “A complaint may be dismissed sua sponte under § 1915 based on an affirmative defense—such as statute of limitations—only

Amaro v. New Mexico, 737 Fed.Appx. 882 (2018)
when the defense is obvious from the face of the complaint and no further factual record is required to be developed.” Fogle, 435 F.3d at 1258 (internal quotation marks omitted).
Based on the complaint and attached documents, it is clear the statute of limitations for Plaintiff’s claims relating to the December 2012 and January 2013 incidents accrued no later than April 2013, when Plaintiff received the final denial of his administrative grievance relating to this exposure. At that point, the “facts that would support a cause of action [we]re or should [have been] apparent,” id., and the statute of limitations was no longer being tolled by the grievance proceedings. Because Plaintiff did not file his complaint until September 2016, his claims relating to these earlier incidents are barred by the statute of limitations. Moreover, to the extent Plaintiff’s due process claim is based on the 2013 grievance proceeding, it is clear from the face of the complaint that this claim likewise accrued in April 2013 and is thus time-barred. We affirm the dismissal of these claims based on the statute of limitations.
*887 As for the February 2014 incident, however, we agree with Plaintiff that the district court failed to liberally construe the allegations in his complaint. See Hall v. Bellmon, 935 F.2d 1106, 1109–10 (10th Cir. 1991). It is possible to read the complaint in the way the district court read it, as alleging only a flare-up of symptoms in February 2014 based on the December 2012 incident, but the more liberal—and more natural—reading of the complaint is to allege multiple individual incidents of carbon-monoxide exposure at the prison, including one incident in February 2014. Moreover, the allegations of the complaint indicate that the statute of limitations was tolled as to this claim by Plaintiff’s pursuit of the mandatory grievance process. Since the complaint was filed in September 2016, well within the three-year statute of limitations for civil-rights claims, the district court erred in dismissing these claims—and any related due process claims based on the grievance proceedings—as time-barred. To the extent Plaintiff raised claims of negligence based on this incident that may have been governed by a two-year statute of limitations instead, the district court likewise erred in dismissing these claims as time-barred, since Plaintiff alleged that his grievance was pending until at least October 2014, and thus it was not “patently clear” from the face of his complaint that a two-year statute of limitations would bar these claims either. Fratus v. DeLand, 49 F.3d 673, 675 (10th Cir. 1995).
Finally, we note that the district court failed to consider how the statute of limitations would apply to Plaintiff’s claims for declaratory and injunctive relief, which are

primarily based on Plaintiff’s allegations that he is currently being subjected to an ongoing violation of his Eighth Amendment right to be free from unsafe prison conditions and that the Eighth Amendment requires the prison to protect him against future harm. See Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 33, 113 S.Ct. 2475, 125 L.Ed.2d 22 (1993) (“That the Eighth Amendment protects against future harm to inmates is not a novel proposition.... It would be odd to deny an injunction to inmates who plainly proved an unsafe, life-threatening condition in their prison on the ground that nothing yet had happened to them.”). We decline to decide in the first instance how the statute of limitations would apply to these claims, and we thus will not affirm the dismissal of these claims on this basis on appeal.
We turn then to the question of whether these surviving claims—Plaintiff’s claims relating to the February 2014 incident and the associated grievance process, as well as his claims for declaratory and injunctive relief—should be affirmed on the alternative basis given by the district court, for failure to state a plausible claim for relief.
We first hold that the district court did not err in dismissing Plaintiff’s claims that were based on other prisons and other prisoners. “A litigant may bring his own claims to federal court without counsel, but not the claims of others.” Fymbo v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 213 F.3d 1320, 1321 (10th Cir. 2000). Plaintiff argues that this principle simply proves that an attorney should have been appointed to represent him and other potential class members; however, as previously explained, we see no abuse of discretion in the district court’s decision not to appoint counsel, and we are not persuaded that Plaintiff’s desire to pursue a class action either required appointment of an attorney or permitted him to litigate the claims of others. Plaintiff further argues he should be permitted to seek injunctive relief relating to other prisons because there is a chance that he may be transferred to another prison that has the same unsafe conditions as his current *888 one. However, the abstract possibility that he may be transferred to an unsafe prison in the future is insufficient to satisfy Article III’s standing requirements. See Rector v. City & Cty. of Denver, 348 F.3d 935, 946 (10th Cir. 2003).
As for Plaintiff’s claims against the individual defendants based on the alleged carbon-monoxide exposure in February 2014 and associated grievance proceedings, we agree with the district court that the complaint was not sufficiently specific as to how each individual defendant violated his constitutional rights to state a valid claim for relief under § 1983. In § 1983 cases involving a government agency and several government actors sued in their individual capacities, “it is particularly important

Amaro v. New Mexico, 737 Fed.Appx. 882 (2018)
... that the complaint make clear exactly who is alleged to have done what to whom, to provide each individual with fair notice as to the basis of the claims against him or her, as distinguished from collective allegations against the state.” Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d 1242, 1249–50 (10th Cir. 2008). Plaintiff’s complaint “fails to isolate the allegedly unconstitutional acts of each defendant, and thereby does not provide adequate notice as to the nature of the claims against each.” Id. However, given that these claims are not facially time-barred and that the complaint might be amended to include the required specificity, we conclude that the district court erred in dismissing these claims without granting Plaintiff leave to amend. Thus, although the complaint as it currently stands is not sufficient to state a valid claim for relief under § 1983 against the individual defendants, we reverse and remand these non-time-barred claims with instructions that Plaintiff be granted an opportunity to amend his complaint.
We affirm the district court’s dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims against the State of New Mexico. “Section 1983 provides a federal forum to remedy many deprivations of civil liberties, but it does not provide a federal forum for litigants who seek a remedy against a State for alleged deprivations of civil liberties.” Will v. Mich. Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 66, 109 S.Ct. 2304, 105 L.Ed.2d 45 (1989).
As for Plaintiff’s claims against state officials in their official capacities, however, the district court erred in holding that all such claims must likewise be barred based on the Supreme Court’s opinion in Will. In Will, the Court held that a plaintiff could not obtain damages from a state official sued in his official capacity because “a suit against a state official in his or her official capacity is not against the official but rather is a suit against the official’s office,” and, “[a]s such, it is no different from a suit against the State itself.” Id. at 61, 71, 109 S.Ct. 2304. However, the Court expressly reaffirmed the validity of the Ex parte Young rule, which allows claims for prospective equitable relief to be brought against state officials in their official capacities. See id. at 71, 109 S.Ct. 2304 n.10; see also Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123, 158–59, 28 S.Ct. 441, 52 L.Ed. 714 (1908). Thus, Will bars claims for retroactive relief that are brought against state officials in their official capacities, but it does not bar requests for prospective relief that fall under the Ex parte Young rule. See Comm. for the First Amendment v. Campbell, 962 F.2d 1517, 1519 n.1 (10th Cir. 1992). In determining whether Ex parte Young applies to a particular claim, we “need only conduct a straightforward inquiry into whether the complaint alleges an ongoing violation of federal law and seeks relief properly characterized as prospective.” Verizon Md. Inc. v. Public

Serv. Comm’n of Md., 535 U.S. 635, 645, 122 S.Ct. 1753, 152 L.Ed.2d 871 (2002) (internal quotation marks and *889 brackets omitted). If so, then the claim is not barred by sovereign immunity or the language of § 1983. See id., see also Will, 491 U.S. at 71 n.10, 109 S.Ct. 2304. Plaintiff’s claims for injunctive and declaratory relief satisfy these criteria, and thus the court erred in dismissing them based on Will. We accordingly reverse the dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims for injunctive and declaratory relief against the state officials in their official capacities.
Finally, we note that the district court did not address Plaintiff’s claims against the private companies that manage the prison where he is incarcerated and the healthcare system of that prison. The only reason the district court gave for dismissing these claims was the statute of limitations. Thus, there is no alternative ground for affirming the dismissal of these claims in this appeal. We accordingly affirm the dismissal of the claims against these defendants that are based on the time-barred 2012 and 2013 incidents, but we otherwise reverse the dismissal of the claims against these defendants and remand them for further proceedings before the district court.
Plaintiff also cursorily argues that the district court erred in denying his motion for summary judgment. We see no error in this decision. The defendants have not even been served yet, and this motion is clearly premature. Although we are reversing the dismissal of several of Plaintiff’s claims for relief, we express no opinion as to the ultimate merit of these claims, nor do we express any opinion as to the possible existence of other procedural grounds for dismissal.
We AFFIRM the district court’s denial of Plaintiff’s motions for the appointment of an attorney and for summary judgment. We AFFIRM the dismissal of (1) all claims against the State of New Mexico; (2) any claims of damages suffered by other prisoners; (3) all requests for relief at prisons where Plaintiff was not and is not incarcerated; (4) all claims premised on the December 2012 or January 2013 incidents or the grievance process associated with those incidents; and (5) any claims for damages against state officials in their official capacities. We AFFIRM the district court’s conclusion that Plaintiff’s claims against the individual state officials and prison employees for the February 2014 incident and related grievance proceeding are not currently alleged with sufficient individual specificity to state a valid claim for relief under § 1983, but we REVERSE these claims with instructions for the district court to provide Plaintiff an opportunity to amend his complaint to remedy this deficiency. All other claims are REVERSED and

Amaro v. New Mexico, 737 Fed.Appx. 882 (2018)

REMANDED for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion. We GRANT Plaintiff’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis on appeal but remind him of his obligation to continue making partial payments until the entire filing fee has been paid in full.

All Citations 737 Fed.Appx. 882

Footnotes

*

This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and

collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th

Cir. R. 32.1.