U.S. District Court Southern District of California (San Diego) CIVIL DOCKET FOR CASE #: 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG

Alcantara et al v. Archambeault et al Assigned to: Judge Dana M. Sabraw Referred to: Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard Related Cases: 3:20-cv-00618-BAS-RBB
3:20-cv-00947-DMS-AHG 3:20-cv-00782-DMS-AHG Cause: 28:2241fd Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (federal)

Date Filed: 04/21/2020 Jury Demand: Defendant Nature of Suit: 560 Prisoner Petitions: Civil Detainee: Conditions of Confinement Jurisdiction: U.S. Government Defendant

Petitioner
Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated

represented by Alexandra Eber Cooley LLP - Library 1299 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20004 202-776-2983 Email: aeber@cooley.com LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

John H. Hemann Cooley LLP - Library 101 California Street 5th Floor San Francisco, CA 94111 415-693-2000 Email: jhemann@cooley.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Monika Yvette Langarica ACLU of San Diego & Imperial Counties P.O. Box 87131 San Diego, CA 92108 619-232-2121 Fax: 619-232-0036 Email: mlangarica@aclusandiego.org

LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Alexander Galicki Cooley LLP - Library 1333 2nd Street Suite 400 Santa Monica, CA 90401-4100 310-883-6572 Email: agalicki@cooley.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Bardis Vakili ACLU Foundation of San Diego & Imperial Counties P.O. Box 87131 San Diego, CA 92138-7131 (619) 232-2121 Fax: (619) 232-0036 Email: bvakili@aclusandiego.org ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Eleanor Barczak Cooley LLP - Library 101 California Suite 500 San Francisco, CA 94111 415-693-2209 Fax: 415-693-2222 Email: ebarczak@cooley.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John David Loy ACLU Foundation of San Diego and Imperial Counties PO Box 87131 San Diego, CA 92138 (619) 232-2121 Fax: (619)232-0036 Email: dloy@aclusandiego.org ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Jonathan Paul Markovitz ACLU of San Diego & Imperial Counties P.O. Box 87131

Petitioner
Yasmani Osorio Reyna on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated

San Diego, CA 92138 619-232-2121 Fax: 619-232-0036 Email: jmarkovitz@aclusandiego.org ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Kimberly Robin Grano ACLU Foundation of San Diego & Imperial Counties P.O. Box 87131 San Diego, CA 92138-7131 619-232-2121 Email: kgrano@aclusandiego.org ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by Alexandra Eber (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John H. Hemann (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Monika Yvette Langarica (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Alexander Galicki (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Bardis Vakili (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Eleanor Barczak (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John David Loy

Petitioner
Maria Flor Calderon Lopez on behalf of themselves and all other similarly situated

(See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Jonathan Paul Markovitz (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Kimberly Robin Grano (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by Alexandra Eber (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John H. Hemann (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Monika Yvette Langarica (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Alexander Galicki (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Bardis Vakili (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Eleanor Barczak (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John David Loy (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Jonathan Paul Markovitz (See above for address)

Petitioner
Mary Doe on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated

ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Kimberly Robin Grano (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by Alexandra Eber (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John H. Hemann (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Monika Yvette Langarica (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Alexander Galicki (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Bardis Vakili (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Eleanor Barczak (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John David Loy (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Jonathan Paul Markovitz (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Kimberly Robin Grano (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

V.
Respondent
Gregory J. Archambeault San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration and Customs Enforcement

represented by U S Attorney CV U S Attorneys Office Southern District of California Civil Division 880 Front Street Suite 6253 San Diego, CA 92101 (619)557-5662 Fax: (619)557-7122 Email: Efile.dkt.civ@usdoj.gov LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Rebecca Grace Church United States Attorney's Office Southern District of California 880 Front Street Room 6293 San Diego, CA 92101 (619) 546-7721 Email: rebecca.church@usdoj.gov LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Samuel William Bettwy U S Attorney's Office Southern District of California Civil Division 880 Front Street Room 6293 San Diego, CA 92101-8893 (619) 546-7125 Fax: (619) 546-7751 Email: Samuel.Bettwy@usdoj.gov LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Betsey Boutelle U.S. Attorney's Office 880 Front Street, Room 6293 San Diego, CA 92101 619-546-8764

Respondent James Dobson Otay Mesa Detention Center Officer in Charge, Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Respondent Jesus Reyna Calexico Assistant Field Office Director
Respondent

Email: betsey.boutelle@usdoj.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by U S Attorney CV (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Rebecca Grace Church (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Samuel William Bettwy (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Betsey Boutelle (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by U S Attorney CV (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Rebecca Grace Church (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Samuel William Bettwy (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Betsey Boutelle (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Christopher J. LaRose Senior Warden, Otay Mesa Detention Center;

represented by U S Attorney CV (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Daniel P Struck Struck Love Bojanowski & Acedo, PLC 3100 West Ray Road Suite 300 Chandler, AZ 85226 (480) 420-1620 Fax: (480) 420-1695 Email: dstruck@strucklove.com LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Jacob Brady Lee Struck Love Bojanowski & Acedo, PLC 3100 West Ray Road Suite 300 Chandler, AZ 85226 480-420-1600 Fax: 480-420-1695 Email: JLee@strucklove.com LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Matthew Miguel Mahoney Witham Mahoney & Abbott, LLP 401 B Street, Suite 2220 San Diego,, CA 92101 619-407-0505 Fax: 619-872-0711 Email: mahoney@wmalawfirm.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Nicholas D. Acedo Struck Love Bojanowski & Acedo, PLC 3100 West Ray Road Suite 300

Respondent Sixto Marrero Facility Administrator, Imperial Regional Detention Facility
Respondent Matthew T. Albence Deputy Director and Senior Official

Chandler, AZ 85226 480-420-1600 Email: NAcedo@strucklove.com LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Rachel Love Struck Love Bojanowski & Acedo, PLC 3100 West Ray Road Suite 300 Chandler, AZ 85226 (480) 420-1600 Fax: (480) 420-1690 Email: RLove@strucklove.com LEAD ATTORNEY PRO HAC VICE ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by U S Attorney CV (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
John J. Rice Higgs Fletcher & Mack LLP 401 West A Street Suite 2600 San Diego, CA 92101 (619) 236-1551 Fax: (619) 696-1410 Email: ricej@higgslaw.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Samuel William Bettwy (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by U S Attorney CV (See above for address)

Performing the Duties of the Director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Respondent Chad Wolf Acting Secretary of Homeland Security
Respondent Warden LaRose

LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Rebecca Grace Church (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Samuel William Bettwy (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Betsey Boutelle (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by U S Attorney CV (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Rebecca Grace Church (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Samuel William Bettwy (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Betsey Boutelle (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by Matthew Miguel Mahoney (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Date Filed # Docket Text

04/21/2020
04/21/2020 04/21/2020 04/21/2020 04/21/2020

1 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus Against Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Christopher J. LaRose, Sixto Marrero, Matthew T. Albence, Chad Wolf, filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna, Mary Doe, (Filing fee $5 - receipt number ACASDC-13772781 [paid $400.00 for complaint, confirmed petition]) (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Notice of Motion for Class Certification, # 3 Memo of Points and Authorities in Support of Motion for Class Certification, # 4 Declaration Bardis Vakili In Support of Motion for Class Certification, # 5 Declaration of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, # 6 Declaration of Yasmani Osorio Reyna, # 7 Declaration f Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, # 8 Declaration of Mary Doe, # 9 Declaration of Dorien Ediger-Seto, # 10 Declaration of Luis Gonzalez, # 11 Declaration of Elizabeth Lopez, # 12 Declaration of Kate Clark, # 13 Declaration of Brendan Cassidy, # 14 Declaration of Dr. Joseph J. Amon, # 15 Declaration f Dr. Katherine C. McKenzie, # 16 Declaration f Dr. Jonathan L. Golob)
The new case number is 3:20-cv-756-GPC-AHG. Judge Gonzalo P. Curiel and Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard are assigned to the case. (Langarica, Monika)(jms)(jrd) (Entered: 04/21/2020)
2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Memo of Points and Authorities In support of Ex Parte Application for TRO, # 2 Declaration of Monika Y. Langarica in support of motion for Emergency Temporary)(jms)(jrd) (Entered: 04/21/2020)
3 MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (jms)(jrd) (Entered: 04/21/2020)
4 NOTICE OF RELATED CASE(S) by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna of case(s): 20cv618-BAS-RBB, 20cv658-LAB-MSB, 20cv679-H-BLM, 20cv682-LAB-MDD. (jms)(jrd) (Entered: 04/21/2020)
5 NOTICE of Appearance by Bardis Vakili on behalf of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Flor Calderon Maria Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Vakili, Bardis)Attorney Bardis Vakili added to party Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara(pty:pet), Attorney Bardis Vakili added to party Mary Doe(pty:pet), Attorney Bardis Vakili added to party Flor Calderon Maria Lopez(pty:pet), Attorney Bardis Vakili added to party Yasmani Osorio Reyna(pty:pet) (jms). (Entered: 04/21/2020)

04/21/2020
04/21/2020
04/21/2020
04/22/2020 04/22/2020 04/23/2020 04/23/2020 04/24/2020

6 NOTICE of Appearance by Kimberly Robin Grano on behalf of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Flor Calderon Maria Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Grano, Kimberly)Attorney Kimberly Robin Grano added to party Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara(pty:pet), Attorney Kimberly Robin Grano added to party Mary Doe(pty:pet), Attorney Kimberly Robin Grano added to party Flor Calderon Maria Lopez(pty:pet), Attorney Kimberly Robin Grano added to party Yasmani Osorio Reyna(pty:pet) (jms). (Entered: 04/21/2020)
7 NOTICE of Appearance by Jonathan Paul Markovitz on behalf of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Flor Calderon Maria Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Markovitz, Jonathan)Attorney Jonathan Paul Markovitz added to party Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara(pty:pet), Attorney Jonathan Paul Markovitz added to party Mary Doe(pty:pet), Attorney Jonathan Paul Markovitz added to party Flor Calderon Maria Lopez(pty:pet), Attorney Jonathan Paul Markovitz added to party Yasmani Osorio Reyna(pty:pet) (jms). (Entered: 04/21/2020)
8 NOTICE of Appearance by John David Loy on behalf of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Flor Calderon Maria Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Loy, John)Attorney John David Loy added to party Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara(pty:pet), Attorney John David Loy added to party Mary Doe(pty:pet), Attorney John David Loy added to party Flor Calderon Maria Lopez(pty:pet), Attorney John David Loy added to party Yasmani Osorio Reyna(pty:pet) (jms). (Entered: 04/21/2020)
9 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (With attachments)(Grano, Kimberly) (aef). (Entered: 04/22/2020)
10 **Docketed under seal at doc.no. 138 per Order 137 ** SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 9 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Grano, Kimberly) (aef). Modified on 11/5/2020 (anh). (Entered: 04/22/2020)
11 MINUTE ORDER OF RECUSAL. Judge Gonzalo P. Curiel is no longer assigned. Case randomly reassigned to Judge Dana M. Sabraw for all further proceedings. The new case number is 20cv756 DMS (AHG).(no document attached) (jcj) (Entered: 04/23/2020)
12 NOTICE of Supplemental Facts and Authorities by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna re 2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order (Langarica, Monika) (aef). (Entered: 04/23/2020)
13 ORDER Requesting Response. Defendants-Respondents shall file a response on or before 12:00 noon on April 27, 2020. A hearing on the

04/24/2020
04/24/2020 04/24/2020 04/24/2020 04/24/2020 04/24/2020 04/24/2020 04/24/2020 04/24/2020

motions, if necessary, shall be scheduled after receipt of Defendants' response. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 4/24/2020.(aef) (Entered: 04/24/2020)
14 ORDER Setting Hearing and Providing Guidance on Further Briefing. Defendants shall file their responsive brief on or before May 8, 2020, and Plaintiffs shall file their reply on or before May 15, 2020. The Court will hear argument on the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass on April 28, 2020, at 1:30 p.m. Argument on the motion for class certification of the other groups will be heard on May 22, 2020, at 10:30 a.m. Both arguments will be telephonic, and the Court will provide the dial information to Counsel in advance of the hearing. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 4/24/2020.(aef) (Entered: 04/24/2020)
15 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee received: $ 206 receipt number ACASDC-13790571.) (Application to be reviewed by Clerk.) (Struck, Daniel) (rmc). (Entered: 04/24/2020)
16 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee received: $ 206 receipt number ACASDC-13790616.) (Application to be reviewed by Clerk.) (Love, Rachel) (rmc). (Entered: 04/24/2020)
17 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee received: $ 206 receipt number ACASDC-13790639.) (Application to be reviewed by Clerk.) (Acedo, Nicholas) (rmc). (Entered: 04/24/2020)
18 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee received: $ 206 receipt number ACASDC-13790689.) (Application to be reviewed by Clerk.) (Lee, Jacob) (rmc). (Entered: 04/24/2020)
19 PRO HAC APPROVED: Daniel P Struck appearing for Respondent Christopher J. LaRose (no document attached) (rmc) (Entered: 04/24/2020)
20 PRO HAC APPROVED: Rachel Love appearing for Respondent Christopher J. LaRose (no document attached) (rmc) (Entered: 04/24/2020)
21 PRO HAC APPROVED: Jacob Brady Lee appearing for Respondent Christopher J. LaRose (no document attached) (rmc) (Entered: 04/24/2020)
22 PRO HAC APPROVED: Nicholas D. Acedo appearing for Respondent Christopher J. LaRose (no document attached) (rmc) (Entered: 04/24/2020)

04/27/2020 04/27/2020 04/27/2020 04/27/2020
04/27/2020 04/27/2020 04/27/2020 04/27/2020 04/28/2020

23 RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order filed by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Declaration Kelley Beckhelm, # 3 Declaration Dr. Philip Farabaugh)(Bettwy, Samuel) (jms). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
24 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (Bettwy, Samuel) (anh). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
25 *Docketed under seal at doc. no. 144 per Order 143 ** SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 24 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Bettwy, Samuel) (anh). Modified on 11/9/2020 (anh). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
26 RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order filed by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 Declaration of LaRose (with Index and Attachments 01-14 (Part 1), # 2 Attachments 15-24 to Declaration of LaRose (Part 2), # 3 Exhibit 2 - Declaration of K. Ivens (with Index and Attachments 01-02), # 4 Certificate of Service)(Struck, Daniel) (aef). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
27 RESPONSE in Opposition re 2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order - Motion for Class Certification Re: Otay Mesa Subclass filed by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Proof of Service)(Struck, Daniel) (aef). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
28 NOTICE of Appearance of Matthew M. Mahoney as Counsel of Record for Respondent Warden LaRose by Matthew Miguel Mahoney on behalf of Warden LaRose (Mahoney, Matthew)Attorney Matthew Miguel Mahoney added to party Warden LaRose(pty:res) (jms). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
29 NOTICE of Joinder by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf re 27 Response in Opposition to Motion, 26 Response in Opposition to Motion, (Church, Rebecca) (jms). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
30 NOTICE of Joinder by Christopher J. LaRose re 25 Sealed Lodged Proposed Document, 23 Response in Opposition to Motion, (Attachments: # 1 Proof of Service)(Struck, Daniel) (jms). (Entered: 04/27/2020)
31 REPLY to Response to Motion re 2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Langarica, Monika) (jms). (Entered: 04/28/2020)

04/28/2020 04/28/2020
04/29/2020 04/29/2020 04/29/2020 04/30/2020
04/30/2020 05/01/2020

32 SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna re 31 Reply to Response to Motion Supplemental Declaration of Dr. Joseph J. Amon in suport of Reply to Defendants' Response to Emergency Motion for TRO. (Langarica, Monika) (jms). (Entered: 04/28/2020)
33 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Dana M. Sabraw: Motion Hearing held on 4/28/2020 re 2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order filed by Mary Doe, Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. All counsel appeared telephonically. (Court Reporter/ECR Lee Ann Pence). (Plaintiff Attorney Bardis Vakili, Monika Langarica). (Defendant Attorney Samuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church). (For Warden LaRose: Dan Struck, Nicholas Acevedo, Jacob Lee, Rachel Love).(no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 04/28/2020)
34 SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEFING by Respondent Christopher J. LaRose re 27 Response in Opposition to Motion for Class Certification Re: Otay Mesa Subclass. (Attachments: # 1 Proof of Service)(Struck, Daniel) (aef). (Entered: 04/29/2020)
35 ORDER Setting Telephonic Status Conference for 4/30/2020 10:00 AM before Judge Dana M. Sabraw. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 4/29/2020.(sjt) (Entered: 04/29/2020)
36 RESPONSE re 2 MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order, 34 Supplemental Briefing filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Jacqueline Ramos)(Langarica, Monika) (aef). (Entered: 04/30/2020)
37 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Dana M. Sabraw: Status Conference held on 4/30/2020. All parties appeared telephonically. Court to issue order. Further Status Conference set for 5/4/2020 12:00 PM in Courtroom 13A before Judge Dana M. Sabraw.(Court Reporter/ECR Lee Ann Pence). (Petitioner Attorney Bardis Vakili, Monika Langarica). (Respondent Attorney Samuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church, Daniel Struck, Nicholas Acedo, Jacob Lee Rachel Love). (Dr. Sherri Malakavo, Acting Director Otay Mesa Detention Center).(no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 04/30/2020)
38 ORDER Granting 2 Plaintiff-Petitioners' Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Subclass-Wide Temporary Restraining Order. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 4/30/2020. (aef) (Entered: 04/30/2020)
39 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (With attachments)(Grano, Kimberly) (anh). (Entered: 05/01/2020)

05/01/2020 05/01/2020 05/04/2020 05/04/2020 05/04/2020
05/04/2020
05/04/2020

40 **Docketed under seal at doc. no. 141 per Order 139 ]** SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 39 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Grano, Kimberly) (anh). Modified on 11/5/2020 (anh) (Entered: 05/01/2020)
41 ORDER (1) Granting in Part Plaintiffs' Motion for Class Certification and (2) Granting Plaintiffs' Motion for Subclass-Wide Emergency Temporary Restraining Order. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/1/2020.(aef) (Entered: 05/01/2020)
42 Ex Parte MOTION for Protective Order by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Bettwy, Samuel) (aef). (Entered: 05/04/2020)
43 NOTICE of Lodgment by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit SD Cnty Health Officer Order 4-7-20, # 2 Exhibit SD Cnty Health Officer Order 4-17-20)(Bettwy, Samuel)(aef). (Entered: 05/04/2020)
44 NOTICE OF FILING OF OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT (Telephonic Status Conference) held on 4/30/2020 before Judge Dana M. Sabraw. Court Reporter/Transcriber: Lee Ann Pence. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER or the Court Reporter/Transcriber. If redaction is necessary, parties have seven calendar days from the file date of the Transcript to E-File the Notice of Intent to Request Redaction. The following deadlines would also apply if requesting redaction: Redaction Request Statement due to Court Reporter/Transcriber 5/26/2020. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/4/2020. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/3/2020. (akr) (Entered: 05/04/2020)
45 Ex Parte MOTION to Amend/Correct 38 Order on Motion for TRO by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Church, Rebecca)Attorney Rebecca Grace Church added to party Matthew T. Albence(pty:res), Attorney Rebecca Grace Church added to party Gregory J. Archambeault(pty:res), Attorney Rebecca Grace Church added to party James Dobson(pty:res), Attorney Rebecca Grace Church added to party Jesus Reyna(pty:res), Attorney Rebecca Grace Church added to party Chad Wolf(pty:res) (aef). (Entered: 05/04/2020)
46 RESPONSE in Opposition re 42 Ex Parte MOTION for Protective Order filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor

05/04/2020 05/04/2020
05/04/2020
05/04/2020 05/05/2020 05/05/2020

Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Vakili, Bardis) (aef). (Entered: 05/04/2020)
47 ORDER Granting 42 Ex Parte Motion for Protective Order. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/4/2020. (aef) (Entered: 05/04/2020)
48 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Dana M. Sabraw: Status Conference held on 5/4/2020. All parties appeared telephonically. Court to issue order. (Further Status Conference set for 5/8/2020 12:00 PM in Courtroom 13A before Judge Dana M. Sabraw.)(Court Reporter/ECR Lee Ann Pence). (Plaintiff Attorney Bardis Vakili, Monika Langarica). (Defendant Attorney Samuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church, Daniel Struck, Nicholas Acedo, Jacob Lee, Rachel Love). (Dr. Sheri Malakhavo, Jamison Matuszewski, Kelley Beckhelm).(no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 05/04/2020)
49 Ex Parte MOTION for Reconsideration re 41 Order Granting PlaintiffPetitioners' Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Subclass-Wide Temporary Restraining Order by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Daniel P. Struck, # 2 Declaration (Supplemental) of K. Ivens, M.D., F.A.C.C.P., # 3 Declaration (Supplemental) of Warden C. LaRose, # 4 Exhibit Index - Supplemental LaRose Declaration, # 5 Exhibit 1 - Part 1, # 6 Exhibit 1 - Part 2, # 7 Exhibit 1 - Part 3, # 8 Exhibit 1 - Part 4, # 9 Exhibit 1 - Part 5, # 10 Exhibit 2-4, # 11 Exhibit 5, # 12 Exhibit 6, # 13 Exhibit 7, # 14 Exhibit 8-9, # 15 Exhibit 10-12, # 16 Proof of Service)(Struck, Daniel) (Entered: 05/04/2020)
50 ORDER Following Telephonic Status Conference. A telephonic status conference was held on May 4, 2020. The deadline for Defendants' opposition brief on the remaining class certification issues is continued to May 15, 2020. Plaintiffs' reply brief shall be filed on or before May 19, 2020. The hearing shall remain as scheduled on May 22, 2020. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/4/2020.(aef) (Entered: 05/05/2020)
51 Ex Parte MOTION re 50 Order,, Set Motion and R&R Deadlines/Hearings, 47 Order on Motion for Protective Order for Confirmation of Protective Order by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Church, Rebecca) (aef). (Entered: 05/05/2020)
52 Ex Parte MOTION re 51 Ex Parte MOTION re 50 Order,, Set Motion and R&R Deadlines/Hearings, 47 Order on Motion for Protective Order for Confirmation of Protective Order . Plaintiff-Petitioners' Application to Modify May 4 Protective Order and Opposition to Defendants' Ex Parte Application for Confirmation of Protective

05/05/2020 05/06/2020
05/06/2020
05/06/2020 05/07/2020 05/08/2020

Order by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Memo of Points and Authorities, # 2 Declaration of Bardis Vakili)(Vakili, Bardis) (aef). (Entered: 05/05/2020)
53 RESPONSE in Opposition re 49 Ex Parte MOTION for Reconsideration re 41 Order Granting Plaintiff-Petitioners' Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Subclass-Wide Temporary Restraining Order filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara. (Langarica, Monika) (aef). (Entered: 05/05/2020)
54 ORDER Granting in part and Denying in part 49 Warden Larose's Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Reconsideration. The Court grants in part and denies in part Warden Larose's emergency ex parte motion for reconsideration. To the extent Plaintiffs wish to proceed with a preliminary injunction, they shall submit their supplement brief on or before May 11, 2020. Defendants may file any opposition briefs on or before May 15, 2020, and Plaintiffs may file their reply on or before May 19, 2020. That request shall be heard on May 22, 2020, at 10:30 a.m. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/6/2020. (aef) (Entered: 05/06/2020)
55 REPLY to Response to Motion re 51 Ex Parte MOTION re 50 Order,, Set Motion and R&R Deadlines/Hearings, 47 Order on Motion for Protective Order for Confirmation of Protective Order, 52 Ex Parte MOTION re 51 Ex Parte MOTION re 50 Order,, Set Motion and R&R Deadlines/Hearings, 47 Order on Motion for Protective Order for Confirmation of Protective Order . Plaintiff-Petitioners' Application to Modify Ma (and Response to 52 ) filed by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Bettwy, Samuel) (aef). (Entered: 05/06/2020)
56 ORDER Re: Protective Order. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/6/2020.(aef) (Entered: 05/06/2020)
57 NOTICE of Supplemental Facts by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Langarica, Monika) (aef). (Entered: 05/07/2020)
58 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Dana M. Sabraw: Status Conference held on 5/8/2020. All parties appeared telephonically. ( Further Status Conference set for 5/15/2020 12:00 PM in Courtroom 13A before Judge Dana M. Sabraw.)(Court Reporter/ECR Lee Ann Pence). (Plaintiff Attorney Monika Langarica, Bardis Vakili). (Defendant Attorney Samuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church, Nicholas Acedo, Jacob Lee, Rachel Love, Daniel Struck). (Dr. Sherri

05/08/2020 05/11/2020 05/12/2020
05/12/2020
05/13/2020

Malakhava, Jamison Matuszewski, Kelley Beckhelm).(no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 05/08/2020)
59 Summons Issued. Counsel receiving this notice electronically should print this summons and serve it in accordance with Rule 4, Fed.R.Civ.P and LR 4.1. (jms) (Entered: 05/08/2020)
60 SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEFING by Petitioners Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna in support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Robert L. Cohen M.D., # 2 Declaration of Bardis Vakili)(Langarica, Monika) (jms). (Entered: 05/11/2020)
61 NOTICE OF FILING OF OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT (Telephonic Status Conference) held on 5/4/2020 before Judge Dana M. Sabraw. Court Reporter/Transcriber: Lee Ann Pence. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER or the Court Reporter/Transcriber. If redaction is necessary, parties have seven calendar days from the file date of the Transcript to E-File the Notice of Intent to Request Redaction. The following deadlines would also apply if requesting redaction: Redaction Request Statement due to Court Reporter/Transcriber 6/2/2020. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/12/2020. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/10/2020. (akr) (Entered: 05/12/2020)
62 NOTICE OF FILING OF OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPT (Telephonic Status Conference) held on 5/8/2020 before Judge Dana M. Sabraw. Court Reporter/Transcriber: Lee Ann Pence. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER or the Court Reporter/Transcriber. If redaction is necessary, parties have seven calendar days from the file date of the Transcript to E-File the Notice of Intent to Request Redaction. The following deadlines would also apply if requesting redaction: Redaction Request Statement due to Court Reporter/Transcriber 6/2/2020. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/12/2020. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/10/2020. (akr) (Entered: 05/12/2020)
63 Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Sixto Marrero, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Bettwy, Samuel)Attorney Samuel William

05/13/2020 05/13/2020 05/13/2020 05/15/2020 05/15/2020
05/15/2020
05/15/2020

Bettwy added to party Sixto Marrero(pty:res)(aef). (Entered: 05/13/2020)
64 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (Grano, Kimberly) (anh). (Entered: 05/13/2020)
65 **Docketed under seal at doc. no. 162 per Order 161 ** SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 64 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (With attachments)(Grano, Kimberly) (anh). Modified on 3/12/2021 (anh). (Entered: 05/13/2020)
66 ORDER. This Court GRANTS the joint motion and orders that Defendants shall have until August 10, 2020, to respond to Plaintiffs' Complaint and that Defendants' waiver of service of process has the same effect as a waiver filed pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d)(4). Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/13/2020. (aef) (Entered: 05/14/2020)
67 ORDER Following Telephonic Status Conference. A telephonic status conference was held on May 8, 2020. A further telephonic status conference shall be held on May 15, 2020, at 12:00 noon. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/15/2020.(aef) (Entered: 05/15/2020)
68 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Dana M. Sabraw: Status Conference held on 5/15/2020. All parties appeared telephonically. Court to issue order. Motion Hearing set for 5/22/2020 is reset to 11:00 AM (time change only). (Court Reporter/ECR Lee Ann Pence). (Plaintiff Attorney Bardis Vakili, Monika Langarica). (Defendant Attorney Sammuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church, Nicholas Acedo, Jacob Lee, Rachel Love). (no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 05/15/2020)
69 RESPONSE TO SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEFING by Christopher J. LaRose re 60 Supplemental Briefing, Re: Motion for Preliminary Injunction. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Third Declaration of LaRose, # 2 Exhibit Index - Attachment 1, # 3 Exhibit Attachment 2 - part 1, # 4 Exhibit Attachment 2 - part 2, # 5 Exhibit Attachment 2 - part 3, # 6 Exhibit Attachment 2 - part 4, # 7 Exhibit Attachments 3 - 7, # 8 Declaration Third Declaration of Ivens, # 9 Proof of Service)(Struck, Daniel)(jms). (Entered: 05/15/2020)
70 RESPONSE re 60 Supplemental Briefing, (re motion for preliminary injunction) filed by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Sixto Marrero, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Dr. Malakhova, # 2 Declaration Dr. Farabaugh, # 3 Declaration AOIC Beckhelm)(Bettwy, Samuel)(jms). (Entered: 05/15/2020)

05/15/2020 05/15/2020 05/15/2020
05/19/2020 05/19/2020 05/22/2020
05/26/2020 05/29/2020

71 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (Bettwy, Samuel) (anh). (Entered: 05/15/2020)
72 **Docketed under seal at doc. no. 170 per Order 169 ** SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 71 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Bettwy, Samuel) (anh). Modified on 3/18/2021 (anh). (Entered: 05/15/2020)
73 ORDER Following Telephonic Status Conference. A telephonic status conference was held on May 15, 2020. On or before 10:30 a.m. on May 21, 2020, Defendants shall submit to the Court, in camera, an updated spreadsheet of the medically vulnerable ICE detainees in OMDC. The May 22, 2020 hearing shall be held at 11:00 a.m. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/15/2020.(aef) (Entered: 05/18/2020)
74 REPLY - Other re 69 Response to Supplemental Briefing,, 70 Response - Other, Plaintiff-Petitioners' Reply to Defendants' Opposition to Motion for Preliminary Injunction filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Langarica, Monika)(jms). (Entered: 05/19/2020)
75 Ex Parte MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages , Unopposed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Monika Langarica)(Langarica, Monika) (jms). (Entered: 05/19/2020)
76 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Dana M. Sabraw: Motion Hearing held on 5/22/2020. All parties appeared telephonically. Court to issue order. (Court Reporter/ECR Lee Ann Pence). (Plaintiff Attorney Monika Langarica, Bardis Vakili). (Defendant Attorney Samuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church, Rachel Love, Daniel Struck). (no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 05/22/2020)
77 ORDER Denying Plaintiffs' Motion for Preliminary Injunction. The Court denies Plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction. Should circumstances change, Plaintiffs are free to seek relief from the Court. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 5/26/2020.(aef) (Entered: 05/26/2020)
78 NOTICE of Appearance by John H. Hemann on behalf of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Hemann, John)Attorney John H. Hemann added to party Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara(pty:pet), Attorney John H. Hemann added to party Mary Doe(pty:pet), Attorney John H. Hemann added to party Maria Flor Calderon Lopez(pty:pet), Attorney John H. Hemann added to party Yasmani Osorio Reyna(pty:pet) (aef). (Entered: 05/29/2020)

06/01/2020 06/02/2020 06/10/2020
06/10/2020
06/12/2020
06/12/2020 06/12/2020 06/12/2020

79 SUMMONS Returned Executed by Yasmani Osorio Reyna, Mary Doe, Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez. Sixto Marrero served. (Langarica, Monika) (jms). (Entered: 06/01/2020)
80 NOTICE of Appearance of Counsel by John J. Rice on behalf of Sixto Marrero (Rice, John)Attorney John J. Rice added to party Sixto Marrero(pty:res) (jms). (Entered: 06/02/2020)
81 NOTICE of Appearance by Eleanor Barczak on behalf of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Barczak, Eleanor)Attorney Eleanor Barczak added to party Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara(pty:pet), Attorney Eleanor Barczak added to party Mary Doe(pty:pet), Attorney Eleanor Barczak added to party Maria Flor Calderon Lopez(pty:pet), Attorney Eleanor Barczak added to party Yasmani Osorio Reyna(pty:pet) (jms). (Entered: 06/10/2020)
82 NOTICE of Appearance by Alexander Galicki on behalf of Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna (Galicki, Alexander)Attorney Alexander Galicki added to party Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara(pty:pet), Attorney Alexander Galicki added to party Mary Doe(pty:pet), Attorney Alexander Galicki added to party Maria Flor Calderon Lopez(pty:pet), Attorney Alexander Galicki added to party Yasmani Osorio Reyna(pty:pet)(jms). (Entered: 06/10/2020)
83 Emergency MOTION for Preliminary Injunction and Writ of Habeas Corpus by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Memo of Points and Authorities, # 2 Declaration of B.G., # 3 Declaration of D.M., # 4 Declaration of C.M., # 5 Declaration of M. Portillo Gonzalez, # 6 Declaration of E. Lopez, Supplemental, # 7 Declaration of J. Amon, Second Supplemental, # 8 Declaration of R. Greinfinger, # 9 Declaration of K. Watkins)(Hemann, John) (aef). (Entered: 06/12/2020)
84 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (With attachments)(Hemann, John) (aef). (Entered: 06/12/2020)
85 SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 84 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (With attachments)(Hemann, John)(aef). (Entered: 06/12/2020)
86 MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages re Emergency Motion for Preliminary Injunction by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe,

06/12/2020 06/15/2020
06/15/2020 06/15/2020 06/15/2020 06/15/2020 06/15/2020
06/16/2020

Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Hemann, John) (aef). (Entered: 06/12/2020)
87 Ex Parte MOTION to Shorten Time for briefing and hearing of Emergency Motion for Preliminary Injunction by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of J. Hemann)(Hemann, John) (aef). (Entered: 06/12/2020)
88 RESPONSE in Opposition re 87 Ex Parte MOTION to Shorten Time for briefing and hearing of Emergency Motion for Preliminary Injunction and Ex Parte Application for More Definite Statement and for Bifurcation filed by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Mr. Sixto Marrero)(Bettwy, Samuel) (aef). (Entered: 06/15/2020)
89 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee received: $ 206 receipt number ACASDC-14010133.) (Application to be reviewed by Clerk.) (Eber, Alexandra) QC mail sent on 6/15/2020 re missing signature, instructed to re-file without re-paying (rmc). (Entered: 06/15/2020)
90 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice, No payment Submitted. (Application to be reviewed by Clerk.) (Eber, Alexandra) (rmc). (Entered: 06/15/2020)
91 ORDER Denying 87 Ex Parte Application to Shorten Time. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 6/15/2020. (aef) (Entered: 06/15/2020)
92 ORDER Approving the Pro Hac Vice Application of Alexandra Eber, re 90 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 6/15/2020.(rmc) (Entered: 06/15/2020)
93 NOTICE of Appearance by Betsey Boutelle on behalf of Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf (Boutelle, Betsey)Attorney Betsey Boutelle added to party Matthew T. Albence(pty:res), Attorney Betsey Boutelle added to party Gregory J. Archambeault(pty:res), Attorney Betsey Boutelle added to party James Dobson(pty:res), Attorney Betsey Boutelle added to party Jesus Reyna(pty:res), Attorney Betsey Boutelle added to party Chad Wolf(pty:res) (jms). (Entered: 06/15/2020)
94 NOTICE Regarding Exhibit Attachment by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna re 84 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal attaching Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support (Hemann, John) (aef). (Entered: 06/16/2020)

07/02/2020

95 RESPONSE in Opposition re 83 Emergency MOTION for Preliminary Injunction and Writ of Habeas Corpus filed by Sixto Marrero. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Sixto Marrero, # 2 Exhibit Exhibits to Declaration of Sixto Marrero, # 3 Declaration of Julio Martinez, M.D.)(Rice, John) (jms). (Entered: 07/02/2020)

07/02/2020

96 RESPONSE in Opposition re 83 Emergency MOTION for Preliminary Injunction and Writ of Habeas Corpus and Motion for Class Certification filed by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Valenzuela, # 2 Exhibit Motion to enforce in Fraihat, # 3 Exhibit TRO motion in Esperanza)(Bettwy, Samuel)(jms). (Entered: 07/02/2020)

07/02/2020 97 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (Bettwy, Samuel) (Entered: 07/02/2020)

07/02/2020

98 **Docketed under seal at doc. no. 166 Per Order 165 ** SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 97 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (With attachments)(Bettwy, Samuel) Modified on 3/12/2021 (anh). (Entered: 07/02/2020)

07/06/2020

99 NOTICE of Lodgment by Sixto Marrero re 95 Response in Opposition to Motion, Signed Declaration of Julio Martinez, M.D. (Rice, John) (jms). (Entered: 07/06/2020)

07/10/2020

100 REPLY to Response to Motion re 83 Emergency MOTION for Preliminary Injunction and Writ of Habeas Corpus re Class Certification filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Hemann, John)(jms). (Entered: 07/10/2020)

07/10/2020

101 MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages re Reply in Support of Emergency Motion for Preliminary Injunction by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Hemann, John) (jms). (Entered: 07/10/2020)

07/10/2020

102 REPLY to Response to Motion re 83 Emergency MOTION for Preliminary Injunction and Writ of Habeas Corpus filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Amended Proposed Order)(Hemann, John) QC mailer sent re potential duplicate document and attached proposed order (jms). (Entered: 07/10/2020)

07/16/2020 103 ORDER re: Hearing. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 7/16/20.(jmo) (Entered: 07/16/2020)

07/17/2020

104 NOTICE of Supplemental Facts by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna re 102 Reply to Response to Motion, (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(Hemann, John) (jms). (Entered: 07/17/2020)

07/17/2020

105 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Dana M. Sabraw: Motion Hearing held on 7/17/2020. Court to issue order.(Court Reporter/ECR Lee Ann Pence). (Plaintiff Attorney Monika Langarica, Bardis Vakili, Alexandra Eber). (Defendant Attorney Samuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church, John Rice). (no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 07/17/2020)

07/22/2020

106 ORDER (1) Denying Plaintiffs' Motion for Prelminary Injunction and (2) Denying Without Prejudice Plaintiffs' Motion for Class Certification. (ECF Nos. 1 , 83 ). Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 7/22/20. (jmo) (Entered: 07/22/2020)

08/06/2020

107 MOTION to Withdraw as Attorney of Kimberly Grtano by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Grano, Kimberly) QC mailer sent re event and DJ in caption(jms). (Entered: 08/06/2020)

08/10/2020

108 MOTION to Dismiss by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Christopher J. LaRose, Sixto Marrero, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration DFOD Matuszewski)(Bettwy, Samuel)(jms). (Entered: 08/10/2020)

08/10/2020

109 Joint MOTION to Decertify Otay Mesa Subclass re 41 Order, 38 Order on Motion for TRO by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Proof of Service)(Acedo, Nicholas) (jms). (Entered: 08/10/2020)

08/28/2020

110 RESPONSE in Opposition re 108 MOTION to Dismiss filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Galicki, Alexander) (mme). (Entered: 08/28/2020)

08/28/2020

111 RESPONSE in Opposition re 109 Joint MOTION to Decertify Otay Mesa Subclass re 41 Order, 38 Order on Motion for TRO filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Galicki, Alexander) (mme). (Entered: 08/28/2020)

08/28/2020

112 MOTION Motion for Relief From Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b) Or in the Alternative for Preliminary Injunction to Establish Dispute Resolution Process Regarding Remaining Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Monika Y. Langarica, # 2 Attachment 1-1 part 1 of 3

(redacted), # 3 Attachment 1-1 part 2 of 3 (redacted), # 4 Attachment 11 part 3 of 3 (redacted), # 5 Attachment 1-2 (redacted), # 6 Attachment 2-1 (redacted), # 7 Attachment 2-2 (redacted), # 8 Attachment 3-1 part 1 of 3 (redacted), # 9 Attachment 3-1 part 2 of 3 (redacted), # 10 Attachment 3-1 part 3 of 3 (redacted), # 11 Attachment 3-2 (redacted), # 12 Attachment 4-1 part 1 of 3 (redacted), # 13 Attachment 4-1 part 2 of 3 (redacted), # 14 Attachment 4-1 part 3 of 3 (redacted), # 15 Attachment 4-2 (redacted), # 16 Attachment 5-1 (redacted), # 17 Attachment 5-2 (redacted), # 18 Attachment 6, # 19 Attachment 7, # 20 Declaration of M.V. (redacted), # 21 Declaration of O.O. (redacted), # 22 Declaration of F.F. (redacted), # 23 Declaration of H.S. (redacted), # 24 Declaration of J.K. (redacted))(Galicki, Alexander) (mme). (Entered: 08/29/2020)

08/29/2020 113 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (Galicki, Alexander) (Entered: 08/29/2020)

08/29/2020

114 **Docketed under seal at doc. no. 168 per Order 167 ** SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 113 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (With attachments)(Galicki, Alexander) Modified on 3/12/2021 (anh). (Entered: 08/29/2020)

09/04/2020

115 REPLY to Response to Motion re 109 Joint MOTION to Decertify Otay Mesa Subclass re 41 Order, 38 Order on Motion for TRO Joint filed by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Proof of Service)(Acedo, Nicholas) (mme). (Entered: 09/04/2020)

09/04/2020

116 REPLY to Response to Motion re 108 MOTION to Dismiss filed by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Christopher J. LaRose, Warden LaRose, Sixto Marrero, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Bettwy, Samuel) (mme). (Entered: 09/04/2020)

09/04/2020

117 NOTICE Amended Notice of Motion for Relief from Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b) Or in the Alternative for Preliminary Injunction to Establish Dispute Resolution Process Regarding Remaining Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna re 112 MOTION Motion for Relief From Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b) Or in the Alternative for Preliminary Injunction to Establish Dispute Resolution Process Regarding Remaining Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members (Hemann, John) (mme). (Entered: 09/04/2020)

09/08/2020

118 ORDER Re: Oral Argument. The Court has reviewed the parties' briefs, and finds these matters suitable for decision without oral argument pursuant to Civil Local Rule 7.1(d)(1). Accordingly, the 9/11/20

hearing is vacated. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 9/8/20.(jmo) (Entered: 09/08/2020)

09/11/2020

119 MOTION for Discovery Plaintiff-Petitioners Motion for Early Discovery by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A to Motion, # 2 Declaration of John Hemann)(Hemann, John) qc mailer re missing signature (jms). (Entered: 09/11/2020)

09/14/2020

120 ORDER (1) Setting Discovery Videoconference; and (2) Vacating Hearing Date and Response Deadline re: 119 MOTION for Discovery Plaintiff-Petitioners Motion for Early Discovery filed by Mary Doe, Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. Discovery Videoconference set for 9/15/2020 at 11:00 AM before Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard. See order for details. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 9/14/2020.(kxm) (Entered: 09/14/2020)

09/15/2020

121 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard: Discovery Conference held on 9/15/2020. Order to issue. (Attorneys for Petitioners: Alexandra Eber, John Hemann, Monika Langarica, Bardis Vakili, Eleanor Barczak, Alexander Galicki). (Attorneys for Respondents: Samuel Bettwy and Rebecca Church on behalf of Respondents Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Matthew Albence, and Chad Wolf; John Rice and Samuel Bettwy on behalf of Respondent Sixto Marrero; Nicholas Acedo on behalf of Respondent Christopher LaRose). (no document attached) (kxm) (Entered: 09/15/2020)

09/15/2020

122 ORDER: (1) Setting Deadline to Meet and Confer; and (2) Setting Briefing Schedule for Joint Motion on Discovery Dispute if the Parties Reach an Impasse. Plaintiffs existing motion will be stricken, and the Court will require the parties to include their positions in a single joint motion instead. Plaintiffs must file joint motion by 9/25/20. Joint Motion shall be limited to 14 pages in length (seven pages per side), not including exhibits. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 9/15/20.(jmo) (Entered: 09/15/2020)

09/18/2020

123 RESPONSE in Opposition re 112 MOTION Motion for Relief From Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b) Or in the Alternative for Preliminary Injunction to Establish Dispute Resolution Process Regarding Remaining Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members filed by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Christopher J. LaRose, Sixto Marrero, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration OIC Saxon, # 2 Declaration Warden LaRose,

# 3 Appendix LaRose Decl.)(Bettwy, Samuel) (mme). (Entered: 09/18/2020)

09/21/2020

124 SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Christopher J. LaRose, Sixto Marrero, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf re 123 Response in Opposition to Motion,, (signature page for ECF No. 123-2). (Bettwy, Samuel) (mme). (Entered: 09/21/2020)

09/25/2020

125 REPLY to Response to Motion re 112 MOTION Motion for Relief From Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b) Or in the Alternative for Preliminary Injunction to Establish Dispute Resolution Process Regarding Remaining Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration Erik Mercado Arechiga)(Langarica, Monika) (jms). (Entered: 09/25/2020)

09/25/2020

126 Joint MOTION for Discovery re Early Discovery by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits A-B)(Hemann, John) (jms). (Entered: 09/25/2020)

10/05/2020

127 ORDER re: Oral Argument. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 10/5/2020. The Court finds this matter suitable for decision without oral argument pursuant to Civil Local Rule 7.1(d)(1). Accordingly, the October 9, 2020 hearing is vacated. (mme)(jrd) (Entered: 10/05/2020)

10/12/2020

128 NOTICE of Supplemental Facts Re: Petitioners' Reply in Support of Motion for Relief From Order Pursuant to Rule 60(B) (Doc. 125) by Christopher J. LaRose re 125 Reply to Response to Motion, (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Fifth Declaration of Warden LaRose, # 2 Proof of Service)(Lee, Jacob) (anh). (Entered: 10/12/2020)

10/13/2020

129 RESPONSE re 128 Notice (Other), Plaintiff-Petitioners' Response to Defendant-Respondent LaRose's Notice of Supplemental Facts filed by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Langarica, Monika) (anh). (Entered: 10/13/2020)

10/19/2020

130 ORDER (1) Denying Defendants' Motion to Decertify Otay Mesa Subclass and (2) Denying Defendants' Motion to Dismiss. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 10/19/20. (jmo) (Entered: 10/19/2020)

10/26/2020

131 ORDER: (1) Setting Case Management Conference; and (2) Finding Plaintiff-Petitioners' Motion for Early Discovery 126 as Moot. Case Management Conference set for 11/19/2020 03:00 PM before

Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 10/26/202.(mme)(jrd) (Entered: 10/26/2020)

11/02/2020

132 RESPONSE to 1 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus,,,,, Re: Respondent LaRose's Answer to Class Action Complaint by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(Lee, Jacob) (jms). (Entered: 11/02/2020)

11/02/2020 133 DEMAND for Trial by Jury by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(Lee, Jacob) (jms). (Entered: 11/02/2020)

11/02/2020

134 RESPONSE to 1 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus,,,,, Answer to Class Action Complaint by Matthew T. Albence, Gregory J. Archambeault, James Dobson, Jesus Reyna, Chad Wolf.(Boutelle, Betsey) (jms). (Entered: 11/02/2020)

11/02/2020

135 RESPONSE to 1 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus,,,,, Answer to Class Action Complaint by Sixto Marrero.(Rice, John) (jms). (Entered: 11/02/2020)

11/02/2020 136 DEMAND for Trial by Jury by Sixto Marrero. (Rice, John) (jms). (Entered: 11/02/2020)

11/05/2020

137 ORDER Granting Leave to Proceed Under Pseudonym and to File Documents Under Seal. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 11/5/2020. (anh) (Entered: 11/05/2020)

11/05/2020 139 ORDER Granting Leave to File Document Under Seal. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 11/5/2020. (anh) (Entered: 11/05/2020)

11/05/2020

140 ORDER Granting 3 Plaintiff-Petitioners' Leave to Exceed Page Limit. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 11/5/2020. (mme) (Entered: 11/05/2020)

11/05/2020

142 NOTICE of Supplemental Facts by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna re 112 MOTION Motion for Relief From Order Pursuant to Rule 60(b) Or in the Alternative for Preliminary Injunction to Establish Dispute Resolution Process Regarding Remaining Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members (Attachments: # 1 Declaration John Hemann, # 2 Declaration H.S.)(Langarica, Monika) (jms). (Entered: 11/05/2020)

11/05/2020

143 ORDER Granting Respondents' Motion to File Documents Under Seal. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 11/5/2020. (anh) (Entered: 11/09/2020)

11/09/2020

145 JOINT HEARING STATEMENT by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Hemann, John) (jms). (Entered: 11/09/2020)

11/10/2020

146 NOTICE of Filing Respondent LaRose's Supplemental Declaration Regarding Petitioners' Notice of Supplemental Facts (Doc. 142) by Christopher J. LaRose re 142 Notice (Other), (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Supplemental Declaration of Respondent LaRose, # 2 Proof of Service)(Lee, Jacob) (jms). (Entered: 11/10/2020)

11/12/2020

147 ORDER Denying 112 Plaintiff's Motion for Relief from Order, Or in the Alternative, For Preliminary Injunction. Signed by Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 11/12/2020. (mme) (Entered: 11/12/2020)

11/19/2020

148 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard: Telephonic Case Management Conference held on 11/19/2020. Scheduling order to follow. (Plaintiff-Petitioners Attorneys John Hemann, Bardis Vakili). (Defendant-Respondents Attorneys Samuel Bettwy, Rebecca Church, and Katie Parker (for ICE defendants); John Rice (for Sixto Marerro); and Jacob Lee and Rachel Love (for Christopher J. LaRose)). (no document attached) (cxg) (Entered: 11/19/2020)

11/20/2020

149 Scheduling Order Regulating Discovery and Other Pre-Trial Proceedings. Case Management Conference held on 11/19/2020. Memorandum of Contentions of Fact and Law due by 12/31/2021. Proposed Pretrial Order due by 1/21/2022. Final Pretrial Conference set for 1/28/2022 10:30 AM before Judge Dana M. Sabraw. Jury Trial set for 2/28/2022 09:00 AM before Judge Dana M. Sabraw. Mandatory Settlement Conference set for 12/15/2021 09:30 AM before Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 11/20/2020.(mme) (Entered: 11/20/2020)

12/17/2020

150 NOTICE OF RELATED CASE(S) by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara of case(s) 20-cv-2454-MMA-KSC . (Iredale, Eugene) (mme). (Entered: 12/17/2020)

12/18/2020

151 NOTICE - Response to Notice of Related Case by Christopher J. LaRose re 150 Notice of Related Case (Struck, Daniel) (jms). (Entered: 12/18/2020)

12/22/2020

152 Joint MOTION for Protective Order by Christopher J. LaRose. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Proposed Protective Order)(Love, Rachel) *QC Mailer sent re proposed order should not be attached* (mme). (Entered: 12/22/2020)

12/23/2020

153 ORDER Granting 152 Joint Motion for Protective Order. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 12/23/2020. (mme) (Entered: 12/23/2020)

01/21/2021

154 MOTION for Discovery Joint Motion to Extend Discovery Dispute Deadline by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Ellie Barczak)(Galicki, Alexander) (jms). (Entered: 01/21/2021)

01/22/2021

155 ORDER Granting 154 Joint Motion to Extend Discovery Dispute Deadline. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 1/22/2021. (mme) (Entered: 01/25/2021)

02/02/2021

156 ORDER Setting Discovery Conference. Telephonic Discovery Conference set for 2/4/2021 10:00 AM before Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 2/2/2021.(mme) (Entered: 02/02/2021)

02/04/2021

157 Minute Entry for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard: Telephonic Discovery Conference held on 2/4/2021. The Court will issue via email a proposed resolution of the parties' discovery dispute. If the proposal is not accepted by both sides, the Court will issue a briefing schedule for motion practice on the dispute. (ECR: hearing recorded on the Court's Teleconference Line 10:08 10:43). (Attorneys for Petitioners: Bardis Vakili, Monika Yvette Langarica, Eleanor Barczak, and Alexander Galicki). (Attroneys for Respondents: Betsey Boutelle, Samuel Bettwy, and Rebecca Grace Church for Respondents Archambeault, Dobson, Reyna, Albence, and Wolf; Jacob Lee and Rachel Love for Respondent LaRose; John Rice for Respondent Marrero). (no document attached) (kxm) (Entered: 02/04/2021)

02/23/2021

158 Minute Order by Chief District Judge Dana M. Sabraw: 45 Ex Parte Motion to Amend/Correct was granted by Order 54 . Granting 75 Motion for Leave to File Excess Pages, 86 Motion for Leave to File Excess Pages, and 101 Motion for Leave to File Excess Pages. (no document attached) (jak) (Entered: 02/23/2021)

03/05/2021

159 MOTION for Discovery Second Joint Motion to Extend Discovery Dispute Deadline by Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, Mary Doe, Maria Flor Calderon Lopez, Yasmani Osorio Reyna. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Ellie Barczak, # 2 Exhibit Attachment A to Barczak Declaration, # 3 Exhibit Attachment B to Barczak Declaration)(Galicki, Alexander) (mme). (Entered: 03/05/2021)

03/05/2021

160 ORDER Granting 159 Second Joint Motion to Extend Discovery Dispute Deadline. Signed by Magistrate Judge Allison H. Goddard on 3/5/21. (kxm) (Entered: 03/05/2021)

03/12/2021

161 ORDER Granting Leave to File Documents Under Seal 64 . Signed by Chief District Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 3/12/2021. (anh) (Entered: 03/12/2021)

03/12/2021

163 ORDER Granting Plaintiff-Petitioners' Motion for Leave to proceed to File Documents Under Seal 84 . Signed by Chief District Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 3/12/2021. (anh) (Entered: 03/12/2021)

03/12/2021 165 ORDER Granting Respondents' Motion to File Documents Under Seal 97 . Signed by Chief District Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 3/12/2021. (anh) (Entered: 03/12/2021)

03/12/2021

167 ORDER Granting Leave to File Documents Under Seal 113 **. Signed by Chief District Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 3/12/2021. (anh) (Entered: 03/12/2021)

03/18/2021

169 ORDER Granting Respondents' Motion to File Documents Under Seal 71 . Signed by Chief District Judge Dana M. Sabraw on 3/18/2021. (anh) (Entered: 03/18/2021)

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.5 Page 5 of 42

1

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23 SHUFHQW

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.6 Page 6 of 42

1 WUDQVPLVVLRQEXWDOVRFRQWULEXWHWRJUHDWHUULVNPLWLJDWLRQIRUDOOSHRSOHLQFXVWRG\

2 FDUFHUDOIDFLOLW\HPSOR\HHVDQGWKHVXUURXQGLQJFRPPXQLW\DWODUJH

3

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10 SHRSOH/RV$QJHOHV&RXQW\UHOHDVHGDERXWSHRSOHIURPLWVMDLOV

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16 RUGHU SUHVXPSWLYHO\ RUGHULQJ WKH UHOHDVH RI HYHU\ SHUVRQ VHUYLQJ D FRXQW\ MDLO

17 VHQWHQFHE\QRODWHUWKDQ7KXUVGD\PRUQLQJ0DUFK

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20 E.g.Xochihua-Jaimes v. Barr1R:/WK&LU0DU

21 Bahena Ortuño v. Jennings1RFY:/1'&DO

22 $SUIxchop Perez v. Wolf1RFY:/1'&DO

23 $SU   Castillo v. Barr 1R &97-+$)0;  :/ 

24 &'&DO0DU Fraihat v. Wolf1R('&97-+(&)1R

25 &'&DO0DUHernandez v. Wolf1RFY(&)1R&'

26

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&RQVHQW2UGHUIn the Matter of the Request to Commute or Suspend County Jail

27 Sentences1R1-0DUFKKWWSVZZZDFOX

28 QMRUJILOHVBB&RQVHQWB2UGHUB)LOHGB6WDPSHGB&RS\

SGI

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.7 Page 7 of 42

1 &DO $SU   Basank v. Decker 1R FY  :/ 

2 6'1<0DUCoronel v. Decker1RFY:/

3 6'1< 0DU   Thakker v. Doll 1R FY  :/ 

4 0'3D0DUHope v. Doll1RFY(&)1R0'3D

5 $SU Calderon Jimenez v. Wolf1RFY(&)1R'0DVV

6 0DUArriaga Reyes v. Decker1RFY(&)1R'1-$SU

7 Malam v. Adducci1RFY(&)1R('0LFK$SU

8 Vasquez-Barrera v. Wolf1RFY(&)1R6'7H[$SULO

9 7KHVHRUGHUVUHFRJQL]HWKDW³>W@KHULVNRIFRQWUDFWLQJ&29,'LQWLJKWO\

10 FRQILQHGVSDFHVHVSHFLDOO\MDLOVLVQRZH[FHHGLQJO\REYLRXV´DQGWKDW³SXEOLFKHDOWK

11 DXWKRULWLHV SUHGLFW >&29,'@ ZLOO HVSHFLDOO\ LPSDFW LPPLJUDWLRQ GHWHQWLRQ

12 FHQWHUV´Basank:/DWXochihua-Jaimes:/DW

13 

14

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15 +RPHODQG6HFXULW\¶V2IILFHRI&LYLO5LJKWVDQG&LYLO/LEHUWLHV³'+6&5&/´VHQW

16 D OHWWHU WR &RQJUHVV ZULWLQJ ³UHJDUGLQJ WKH QHHG WR LPSOHPHQW LPPHGLDWH VRFLDO

17 GLVWDQFLQJWRUHGXFHWKHOLNHOLKRRGRIH[SRVXUHWRGHWDLQHHVIDFLOLW\SHUVRQQHODQG

18 WKHJHQHUDOSXEOLFit is essential to consider releasing all detainees who do not pose

19 an immediate risk to public safety.´2QPXOWLSOHRFFDVLRQVVLQFHDWOHDVW)HEUXDU\

20 WKHVHH[SHUWVVRXQGHGWKHDODUPZLWK'+6UHJDUGLQJWKHLPPLQHQWULVNVWR

21 WKHKHDOWKRILPPLJUDQWGHWDLQHHVDQGWKHSXEOLFDWODUJHSUHVHQWHGE\&29,'

22 XQOHVVVZLIWPLWLJDWLRQPHDVXUHVLQFOXGLQJGHFUHDVLQJWKHSRSXODWLRQRILPPLJUDWLRQ

23 GHWHQWLRQIDFLOLWLHVDUHWDNHQ

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25 DV XVXDO FRQGXFWLQJ XQLQWHUUXSWHG HQIRUFHPHQW DQG GHWHQWLRQ RSHUDWLRQV ,Q D

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28 KWWSVDVVHWVGRFXPHQWFORXGRUJGRFXPHQWV/HWWHU)URP'UV

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1 VWDWHPHQW GHPRQVWUDWLYH RI WKH DJHQF\¶V FKLOOLQJ LQGLIIHUHQFH WR WKH OLYHV RI WKH

2 SHRSOH LQ LWV IDFLOLWLHV 'HIHQGDQW $OEHQFH DVVHUWHG WKDW ,&( ZRXOG QRW UHOHDVH

3 DGGLWLRQDO GHWDLQHHV WR VORZ WKH VSUHDG RI &29,' EHFDXVH LW ZRXOG VHQG WKH

4 ZURQJPHVVDJHDERXW,&(HQIRUFHPHQWSULRULWLHV

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14 GDQJHUWRSXEOLFVDIHW\´

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16 ,&(¶VFODLPHGDGKHUHQFHWRLWVRZQSURWRFROVGHPRQVWUDWHVWKDW,&(LVLQFDSDEOHRI

17 FRPSO\LQJZLWKLWVFRQVWLWXWLRQDOGXW\WRSURWHFWWKHKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\RISHRSOHLQLWV

18 FXVWRG\E\SUHYHQWLQJWKHLQWURGXFWLRQDQGVSUHDGRIWKHYLUXVLQLWVGHWHQWLRQFHQWHUV

19 DWWKHLUFXUUHQWSRSXODWLRQOHYHOV

20

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21 GXULQJWKH&29,'SDQGHPLFLV³VRJUDYHWKDWLWYLRODWHVFRQWHPSRUDU\VWDQGDUGV

22 RI GHFHQF\ WR H[SRVH DQ\RQH XQZLOOLQJO\ WR VXFK D ULVN´ DQG YLRODWHV WKHLU

23 FRQVWLWXWLRQDO ULJKW WR VDIHW\ LQ JRYHUQPHQW FXVWRG\ HYHQ XQGHU DQ (LJKWK

24 $PHQGPHQW VWDQGDUG RI GHOLEHUDWH LQGLIIHUHQFH IRU SHUVRQV VHUYLQJ FULPLQDO

25 VHQWHQFHVPXFKOHVVWKHPRUHVWULQJHQWVWDQGDUGSURWHFWLQJSHUVRQVGHWDLQHGXQGHU

26 FLYLOLPPLJUDWLRQDXWKRULW\Helling v. McKinney86

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.9 Page 9 of 42

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14 GHWDLQHHV6KHVKDUHVDFHOOZLWKWKUHHRWKHUSHRSOHDQGLVLQFRQVWDQWFRQWDFWZLWK

15 RWKHUVLQKHUXQLW+HUFRQGLWLRQVRIFRQILQHPHQWUHQGHULWLPSRVVLEOHIRUKHUWRVWD\

16 VL[IHHWDSDUWIURPRWKHUSHRSOH6KHGRHVQRWKDYHFRQVLVWHQWDFFHVVWRVRDSRUKDQG

17 VDQLWL]HU0V'RHHQWHUVRWKHUSDUWVRIWKHGHWHQWLRQFHQWHUWRZRUNFOHDQLQJURRPV

18 LQ WKH PHGLFDO XQLW H[SRVLQJ KHU WR DUHDV IUHTXHQWHG E\ SHRSOH IURP DOO RYHU WKH

19 GHWHQWLRQFHQWHU

20

 7KHFRQGLWLRQVDW2WD\0HVDDQG,PSHULDOSODFHDOOGHWDLQHHVLQGDQJHU

21 RI&29,'LQIHFWLRQ

22

 2WD\ 0HVD DQG ,PSHULDO HDFK FXUUHQWO\ FRQILQH KXQGUHGV RI FLYLO

23 LPPLJUDWLRQ GHWDLQHHV $OO DUH VXEMHFW WR WKH VDPH FRQGLWLRQV DW 2WD\ 0HVD DQG

24 ,PSHULDO DV WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH FODVV UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV %HFDXVH LW LV LPSRVVLEOH IRU

25 GHWDLQHHVWRVRFLDOO\GLVWDQFHDQGPDLQWDLQDGHTXDWHK\JLHQHDOOFODVVPHPEHUVDUH

26 DWKLJKULVNRIFRQWUDFWLQJ&29,':LWKRXWUHGXFLQJWKHQXPEHURIGHWDLQHHVLQ

27 2WD\ 0HVD DQG ,PSHULDO WR D OHYHO WKDW DOORZV IRU VRFLDO GLVWDQFLQJ DQG VWULFW

28
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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.31 Page 31 of 42

1 DGKHUHQFHWRJXLGDQFHIURPSXEOLFKHDOWKH[SHUWVHYHQPRUHGHWDLQHHVZLOOEHFRPH

2 LQIHFWHGZLWK&29,'

3 9, ,&(+DVWKH$XWKRULW\WR5HOHDVH'HWDLQHG3HRSOHLQ,WV&XVWRG\

4

5

 ,WLVZHOOZLWKLQ,&(¶VDXWKRULW\WRSURWHFWWKHVDIHW\DQGZHOOEHLQJRI

6 LQGLYLGXDOV LQ LWV FXVWRG\ E\ UHOHDVLQJ SHRSOH WR UHPHG\ WKH FRQGLWLRQV RI

7 FRQILQHPHQWLQ2WD\0HVDDQG,PSHULDOWKDWSXW3ODLQWLIIVDQGRWKHUVGHWDLQHGWKHUH

8 DWDQXQUHDVRQDEO\KLJKULVNRIFRQWUDFWLQJ&29,'

9

 ,&( KDV URXWLQHO\ H[HUFLVHG LWV GLVFUHWLRQ WR UHOHDVH SDUWLFXODUO\

10 YXOQHUDEOH GHWDLQHHV LQFOXGLQJ LQGLYLGXDOV ZLWK VHULRXV PHGLFDO FRQGLWLRQV IURP

11 GHWHQWLRQXQGHULWVKXPDQLWDULDQSDUROHDXWKRULW\

12

 ,&(¶V GLVFUHWLRQ DSSOLHV UHJDUGOHVV RI WKH VWDWXWRU\ EDVLV IRU DQ

13 LQGLYLGXDO¶VGHWHQWLRQ

14

 ,&(KDVDUDQJHRIKLJKO\HIIHFWLYHWRROVDWLWVGLVSRVDOWRHQVXUHWKDW

15 SHRSOH UHSRUW IRU KHDULQJV DQG DSSRLQWPHQWV LQFOXGLQJ WKH ,QWHQVLYH 6XSHUYLVLRQ

16 $SSHDUDQFH3URJUDP³,6$3´,6$3XVHVHOHFWURQLFDQNOHPRQLWRUVELRPHWULFYRLFH

17 UHFRJQLWLRQVRIWZDUHKRPHYLVLWVHPSOR\HUYHULILFDWLRQDQGLQSHUVRQUHSRUWLQJWR

18 VXSHUYLVHSDUWLFLSDQWV

19

/(*$/)5$0(:25.

20 , 3ODLQWLIIV¶&RQWLQXHG'HWHQWLRQ9LRODWHV7KHLU&RQVWLWXWLRQDO5LJKWV

21

 'HIHQGDQWV¶ FRQWLQXHG GHWHQWLRQ RI 3ODLQWLIIV DQG PHPEHUV RI WKH

22 SURSRVHGFODVVHVXQGHUFXUUHQWFRQGLWLRQVDQGSRSXODWLRQOHYHOVSXWVWKHPDWDKLJK

23 ULVN RI H[SRVXUH WR D KLJKO\ FRQWDJLRXV GLVHDVH UHVXOWLQJ LQ VHULRXV LOOQHVV VHYHUH

24 KDUPRUGHDWKLQYLRODWLRQRIWKHLUGXHSURFHVVULJKWVXQGHUWKH)LIWK$PHQGPHQW

25

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26 FLYLO GHWDLQHHV ZKRVH FRQVWLWXWLRQDO SURWHFWLRQV ZKLOH LQ FXVWRG\ GHULYH IURP WKH

27 )LIWK$PHQGPHQWGXHSURFHVVFODXVHZadvydas v. Davis86

28
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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.32 Page 32 of 42

1

 &LYLO GHWDLQHHV LQFOXGLQJ LPPLJUDWLRQ GHWDLQHHV LQ 2WD\ 0HVD DQG

2 ,PSHULDO DUH HQWLWOHG WR JUHDWHU ULJKWV WKDQ SHRSOH LQ SUHWULDO FULPLQDO FXVWRG\ RU

3 SHRSOHVHUYLQJFULPLQDOVHQWHQFHVJones v. Blanas)G±WK&LU

4 cert. denied86see also King v. Cty. of Los Angeles

5 )G   WK &LU  ILQGLQJ SUHVXPSWLRQ RI SXQLWLYH DQG WKXV

6 XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOWUHDWPHQWZKHUHFRQGLWLRQVRIFRQILQHPHQWIRUFLYLOGHWDLQHHVDUH

7 VLPLODUWRWKRVHIDFHGE\SUHWULDOFULPLQDOGHWDLQHHV7KHFRQVWLWXWLRQDOSURWHFWLRQV

8 WRZKLFKFLYLOLPPLJUDWLRQGHWDLQHHVDUHHQWLWOHGDUHPRUHFRPSUHKHQVLYHWKDQWKRVH

9 DIIRUGHGWRLPSULVRQHGSHRSOH

10

 ³:KHQ WKH 6WDWH WDNHV D SHUVRQ LQWR LWV FXVWRG\ DQG KROGV KLPWKHUH

11 DJDLQVW KLV ZLOO WKH &RQVWLWXWLRQ LPSRVHV XSRQ LWD FRUUHVSRQGLQJ GXW\ WR DVVXPH

12 VRPHUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUKLVVDIHW\DQGJHQHUDOZHOOEHLQJ´DeShaney v. Winnebago

13 Cty. Dept. of Soc. Servs.86±$VDUHVXOWWKHJRYHUQPHQW

14 PXVW SURYLGH WKRVH LQ LWV FXVWRG\ ZLWK ³IRRG FORWKLQJ VKHOWHU PHGLFDO FDUH DQG

15 UHDVRQDEOHVDIHW\´Id.DW

16

 &RQGLWLRQV WKDW SRVH DQ XQUHDVRQDEOH ULVN RI IXWXUH KDUP YLRODWH WKH

17 (LJKW $PHQGPHQW¶V SURKLELWLRQ DJDLQVW FUXHO DQG XQXVXDO SXQLVKPHQW D VWDQGDUG

18 OHVVVWULFWWKDQWKHGXHSURFHVVVWDQGDUGSURWHFWLQJFLYLOLPPLJUDWLRQGHWDLQHHVHYHQ

19 LI WKDW KDUP KDV QRW \HW FRPH WR SDVV DQG PD\ QRW XOWLPDWHO\ DIIHFW DOO GHWDLQHHV

20 Parsons v. Ryan)GWK&LU³$OWKRXJKDSUHVHQWO\H[LVWLQJ

21 ULVN PD\ XOWLPDWHO\ UHVXOW LQ GLIIHUHQW IXWXUH KDUP IRU GLIIHUHQW LQPDWHV²UDQJLQJ

22 IURPQRKDUPDWDOOWRGHDWK²HYHU\LQPDWHVXIIHUVH[DFWO\WKHVDPHFRQVWLWXWLRQDO

23 LQMXU\ZKHQKHLVH[SRVHGWRDVLQJOHVWDWHZLGH>FRUUHFWLRQV@SROLF\RUSUDFWLFHWKDW

24 FUHDWHVDVXEVWDQWLDOULVNRIVHULRXVKDUP´

25

 7KH (LJKWK $PHQGPHQW UHTXLUHV WKDW ³LQPDWHV EH IXUQLVKHG ZLWK WKH

26 EDVLFKXPDQQHHGVRQHRIZKLFKLVµUHDVRQDEOHVDIHW\¶´Helling v. McKinney

27 86TXRWLQJDeShaney86DW

28
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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.33 Page 33 of 42

1

 7KH6XSUHPH&RXUWKDVH[SOLFLWO\UHFRJQL]HGWKDWWKHULVNRIFRQWUDFWLQJ

2 DFRPPXQLFDEOHGLVHDVHPD\FRQVWLWXWHVXFKDQ³XQVDIHOLIHWKUHDWHQLQJFRQGLWLRQ´

3 WKDWWKUHDWHQV³UHDVRQDEOHVDIHW\´Id.

4

 :KLOHWKH(LJKWK$PHQGPHQWSURKLELWVSXQLVKPHQWWKDWLV³FUXHODQG

5 XQXVXDO´WKH'XH3URFHVV&ODXVHRIWKH)LIWK$PHQGPHQWSURKLELWVany punishment

6 at allBell v. Wolfish86Qsee also Vazquez v. Cty. of

7 Kern  )G  ± WK &LU  &RQGLWLRQV WKDW ZRXOG YLRODWH WKH

8 (LJKWK$PHQGPHQWULJKWVRIDQLQGLYLGXDOVHUYLQJDFULPLQDOVHQWHQFHDUHPRUHWKDQ

9 HQRXJKWRYLRODWHWKH)LIWK$PHQGPHQWGXHSURFHVVULJKWVRIDFLYLOGHWDLQHH8QOLNH

10 DQ (LJKWK $PHQGPHQW FODLP WKHUH LV QR UHTXLUHPHQW IRU FLYLO GHWDLQHHV WR SURYH

11 ³GHOLEHUDWHLQGLIIHUHQFH´RIJRYHUQPHQWRIILFLDOVLQRUGHUWRHVWDEOLVKDGXHSURFHVV

12 YLRODWLRQ

13

 &RQGLWLRQV RI FRQILQHPHQW IRU FLYLO GHWDLQHHV YLRODWH WKH )LIWK

14 $PHQGPHQW ZKHQ WKH\ GR QRW ³EHDU VRPH UHDVRQDEOH UHODWLRQ WR WKH SXUSRVH IRU

15 ZKLFK WKH LQGLYLGXDO LV FRPPLWWHG´ Jones  )G DW  7KLV VWDQGDUG LV PHW

16 ZKHQWKHFRQGLWLRQVFUHDWHDQXQUHDVRQDEOHULVNWRGHWDLQHHV¶VDIHW\DQGKHDOWK

17

 7KHFRQGLWLRQVRI3ODLQWLIIV¶DQGFODVVPHPEHUV¶FRQILQHPHQWXQGHUWKH

18 FXUUHQWFLUFXPVWDQFHVDQGDVGHVFULEHGLQWKLV&RPSODLQWYLRODWHWKHLUGXHSURFHVV

19 ULJKWV

20

 'HIHQGDQWVFDQQRWMXVWLI\WKHFRQWLQXHGFRQILQHPHQWRI3ODLQWLIIVDQG

21 PHPEHUVRIWKHFODVVXQGHUFXUUHQWFRQGLWLRQVJLYHQWKHH[WUDRUGLQDU\ULVNVWRWKHLU

22 KHDOWK

23

 ,Q DGGLWLRQ 'HIHQGDQWV KDYH HYHQ OHVV MXVWLILFDWLRQ IRU WKH FRQWLQXHG

24 GHWHQWLRQRIDQ\RQHDW2WD\0HVDZKRVHLPPLJUDWLRQFRXUWFDVHVKDYHEHHQSXWRQ

25 KROGLQOLJKWRIWKHFRXUWFORVXUHCf. Zadvydas86DW³>:@KHUHGHWHQWLRQ¶V

26 JRDO LV QR ORQJHU SUDFWLFDOO\ DWWDLQDEOH GHWHQWLRQ QR ORQJHU EHDUV D UHDVRQDEOH

27 UHODWLRQWRWKHSXUSRVHIRUZKLFKWKHLQGLYLGXDOZDVFRPPLWWHG´LQWHUQDOTXRWDWLRQ

28 PDUNVDOWHUDWLRQVDQGFLWDWLRQRPLWWHG

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.34 Page 34 of 42

1

 *HQHUDO GHWHUUHQFH LV QRW D YDOLG MXVWLILFDWLRQ IRU FLYLO LPPLJUDWLRQ

2 GHWHQWLRQSee R.I.L-R v. Johnson  ) 6XSS G   ''& 

3 UHMHFWLQJDUJXPHQWWKDW³RQHSDUWLFXODULQGLYLGXDOPD\EHFLYLOO\GHWDLQHGIRUWKH

4 VDNH RI VHQGLQJ D PHVVDJH RI GHWHUUHQFH´ WR RWKHU LQGLYLGXDOV ³ZKR PD\ EH

5 FRQVLGHULQJ LPPLJUDWLRQ´ cf. Kansas v. Crane, 86   FLYLO

6 GHWHQWLRQPD\QRW³EHFRPHDµPHFKDQLVPIRUUHWULEXWLRQRUgeneral deterrence¶²

7 IXQFWLRQVSURSHUO\WKRVHRIFULPLQDOODZQRWFLYLOFRPPLWPHQW´-XVWDV,&(FRXOG

8 QRWVXPPDULO\H[HFXWHLPPLJUDQWVWRGHWHULPPLJUDWLRQ,&(FDQQRWSODFHWKHPLQ

9 GHWHQWLRQFHQWHUVZKHUHDQLQFXUDEOHSRWHQWLDOO\OHWKDOYLUXVLVUXQQLQJUDPSDQWMXVW

10 WRVHQGDPHVVDJHDERXWLWVHQIRUFHPHQWSULRULWLHV

11

 $VWKLVSXEOLFKHDOWKFULVLVHVFDODWHVFRXUWVWKURXJKRXWWKHFRXQWU\KDYH

12 DOUHDG\ UHFRJQL]HG WKDW FRQWLQXHG FRQILQHPHQW SDUWLFXODUO\ RI YXOQHUDEOH

13 SRSXODWLRQVLQWKHIDFHRI&29,'YLRODWHVGXHSURFHVVSee e.g., Castillo

14 :/  DW  ³8QGHU WKH 'XH 3URFHVV &ODXVH D FLYLO GHWDLQHH FDQQRW EH

15 VXEMHFWWRWKHFXUUHQWFRQGLWLRQVRIFRQILQHPHQWDW$GHODQWR´Basank:/

16  DW  ³&RQILQLQJ YXOQHUDEOH LQGLYLGXDOV VXFK DV 3HWLWLRQHUV ZLWKRXW

17 HQIRUFHPHQWRIDSSURSULDWHVRFLDOGLVWDQFLQJDQGZLWKRXWVSHFLILFPHDVXUHVWRSURWHFW

18 WKHLUGHOLFDWHKHDOWKµSRVH>V@DQXQUHDVRQDEOHULVNRIVHULRXVGDPDJHWR>WKHLU@IXWXUH

19 KHDOWK¶DQGGHPRQVWUDWHVGHOLEHUDWHLQGLIIHUHQFH´TXRWLQJPhelps v. Kapnolas

20 )GG&LUThakker:/DW³3K\VLFDOGHWHQWLRQ

21 LWVHOI ZLOO SODFH D EXUGHQ RQ FRPPXQLW\ KHDOWKFDUH V\VWHPV DQG ZLOO QHHGOHVVO\

22 HQGDQJHU3HWLWLRQHUVSULVRQHPSOR\HHVDQGWKHJUHDWHUFRPPXQLW\:HFDQQRWVHH

23 WKHUDWLRQDOEDVLVRIVXFKDULVN´United States v. Martin1R&53:*

24 :/DW'0G0DU³>7@KH'XH3URFHVV&ODXVHVRIWKH

25 )LIWK RU )RXUWHHQWK $PHQGPHQWV IRU IHGHUDO DQG VWDWH SUHWULDO GHWDLQHHV

26 UHVSHFWLYHO\PD\ZHOOEHLPSOLFDWHGLIGHIHQGDQWVDZDLWLQJWULDOFDQGHPRQVWUDWHWKDW

27 WKH\ DUH EHLQJ VXEMHFWHG WR FRQGLWLRQV RI FRQILQHPHQW WKDW ZRXOG VXEMHFW WKHP WR

28 H[SRVXUHWRVHULRXVSRWHQWLDOO\IDWDOLIWKHGHWDLQHHLVHOGHUO\DQGZLWKXQGHUO\LQJ

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.35 Page 35 of 42

1 PHGLFDOFRPSOLFDWLRQVLOOQHVV´Malam1RFY(&)1RDW³7R

2 RUGHU3HWLWLRQHU¶VFRQWLQXHGFLYLOGHWHQWLRQZRXOGEHWRSOD\5XVVLDQURXOHWWHZLWK

3 KHUULJKWVDQGZLWKKHUOLIH´

4 ,, 7KLV&RXUW+DVWKH$XWKRULW\WR2UGHU5HOHDVHRI0HGLFDOO\9XOQHUDEOH

5

'HWDLQHHVD5HGXFWLRQLQWKH'HWDLQHH3RSXODWLRQDQG&RPSOLDQFHZLWK 3UHYDLOLQJ3XEOLF+HDOWK6WDQGDUGVDQG6XFK5HOLHILV$SSURSULDWH+HUH

6

 7KHUHOHDVHRIDVXIILFLHQWQXPEHURI2WD\0HVDDQG,PSHULDOGHWDLQHHV

7 WRSHUPLWVRFLDOGLVWDQFLQJDQGK\JLHQHPHDVXUHVIRUWKRVHZKRUHPDLQLQGHWHQWLRQ

8 LVWKHRQO\PHDQVWRHQVXUHFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQ¶VSURKLELWLRQDJDLQVW

9 SXQLWLYHRUXQUHDVRQDEOHFLYLOGHWHQWLRQ

10

 7KH &RXUW¶V DXWKRULW\ WR RUGHU 3ODLQWLIIV¶ UHOHDVH WR HQVXUH WKHLU

11 FRQVWLWXWLRQDO ULJKWV DUH SURWHFWHG LV ZHOOHVWDEOLVKHG ³)HGHUDO FRXUWV SRVVHVV

12 ZKDWHYHUSRZHUVDUHQHFHVVDU\WRUHPHG\FRQVWLWXWLRQDOYLRODWLRQVEHFDXVHWKH\DUH

13 FKDUJHG ZLWK SURWHFWLQJ WKHVH ULJKWV´Stone v. City & Cty. of San Francisco 

14 )GWK&LU$VDUHVXOW³>Z@KHQQHFHVVDU\WRHQVXUHFRPSOLDQFH

15 ZLWKDFRQVWLWXWLRQDOPDQGDWHFRXUWVPD\HQWHURUGHUVSODFLQJOLPLWVRQDSULVRQ¶V

16 SRSXODWLRQ´Brown v. Plata86

17

 &RXUWVKDYHUHJXODUO\H[HUFLVHGWKLVDXWKRULW\WRUHPHG\FRQVWLWXWLRQDO

18 YLRODWLRQVFDXVHGE\RYHUFURZGLQJDuran v. Elrod)G±WK&LU

19 cert. denied86FRQFOXGLQJWKDWFRXUWGLGQRWH[FHHGLWV

20 DXWKRULW\LQGLUHFWLQJUHOHDVHRIORZERQGSUHWULDOGHWDLQHHVDVQHFHVVDU\WRUHDFKD

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.37 Page 37 of 42

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.38 Page 38 of 42

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.39 Page 39 of 42

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Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 1 Filed 04/21/20 PageID.40 Page 40 of 42

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 Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 38 Filed 04/30/20 PageID.1002 Page 1 of 4

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA;

11

YASMANI OSORIO REYNA; MARIA FLOR CALDERON LOPEZ; MARY

12 DOE; on behalf of themselves and all

13 others similarly situated,

14 v.
15

Plaintiffs-Petitioners,

16

GREGORY ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration

17 and Customs Enforcement; et al.,

Case No.: 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)
ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFPETITIONERS’ EMERGENCY EX PARTE MOTION FOR SUBCLASSWIDE TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER

18

Defendants-Respondents.

19

20

After consideration of the briefs and arguments of counsel, the evidence filed in

21 support of and opposition to Plaintiffs-Petitioners’ Emergency Motion for Subclass-wide

22 Temporary Restraining Order, Preliminary Injunction and Writ of Habeas Corpus

23 Regarding the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass, and being fully advised, the

24 Court finds that Plaintiff-Petitioners have met their burden of demonstrating a need for a

25 temporary restraining order. Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT Plaintiffs-

26 Petitioners’ Motion is GRANTED as follows:

27 1. The Court provisionally certifies the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable subclass,

28 defined as follows:

1 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)

Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 38 Filed 04/30/20 PageID.1003 Page 2 of 4

1 All civil immigration detainees incarcerated at the Otay Mesa Detention Center who are

2 age 60 or over or who have medical conditions that place them at heightened risk of severe

3 illness or death from COVID-19 as determined by CDC guidelines.

4 2. The Court hereby appoints ACLU Foundation of San Diego & Imperial Counties

5 attorneys as class counsel.

6 3. The Court HEREBY DECLARES that current conditions of confinement for Otay

7 Mesa Medically Vulnerable subclass members held at the Otay Mesa Detention Center are

8 unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment because the conditions of their confinement

9 place subclass members at substantial risk of serious illness or death.

10 4. The Court will issue a more detailed order setting out its reasoning for granting

11 certification of the subclass and issuance of the temporary restraining order. Pending that

12 order, however, the Court orders as follows:

13

a. Defendants shall immediately review subclass members for release, and

14

release all subclass members suitable for release in the discretion of Defendants after

15

considering the subclass members’ health, public safety and mandatory detention

16

requirements, with appropriate conditions to protect the public, and the health, safety

17

and well being of each subclass member;

18

b. By 10:30 a.m. on May 4, 2020, Defendants shall identify and disclose to class

19

counsel a list, in a spreadsheet or comparable searchable format, of all Otay Mesa

20

Medically Vulnerable subclass members, including, where practicable, every

21

subclass member’s name, A number, age, underlying medical condition,

22

immigration lawyer or representative (if any), primary language, current housing

23

unit, prior custody determinations made by Defendants, and the names, relationship,

24

and contact information for any points of contact in the United States that subclass

25

members have provided Defendants in the course of their arrest, processing, and

26

detention, along with any other information that becomes relevant during the course

27

of implementation of this Order, subject to approval by the Court or magistrate judge

28

assigned to this case. Although pregnant women are not included in the subclass,

2 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)

Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 38 Filed 04/30/20 PageID.1004 Page 3 of 4

1

Defendants shall also identify and provide to class counsel the information set out

2

above for any pregnant ICE detainees currently in Otay Mesa, if any;

3

c. Immediately upon identifying Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable subclass

4

members, Defendants shall release them in accordance with Paragraph 4.a. and in a

5

manner that comports with public health guidelines for self-quarantine (if necessary

6

due to infection or exposure), social distancing, and other recommendations of

7

public health departments in their destination cities or counties; the name and contact

8

information for the responsible adult at that location; information detailing their

9

travel plans to that location; and any other information this Court deems necessary

10

to ensure release plans comport with public health guidelines related to COVID-19;

11

d. Defendants may not condition subclass members’ release on paying a bond or

12

providing proof of a sponsor’s legal status and/or a sponsor’s financial documents

13

where release plans otherwise comport with public health guidelines related to

14

COVID-19;

15

e. Release plans shall be appropriate to the individual circumstances of each

16

subclass member, including whether they have been tested for COVID-19 or have

17

been in close contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19, and a copy shall be

18

provided to class counsel promptly upon a subclass member’s release;

19

f. Release of subclass members shall begin immediately, with the expectation

20

that most subclass members will be released under appropriate conditions

21

determined by Defendants;

22

g. Defendants shall provide to released subclass members a phone number and

23

email address at which subclass members can reach class counsel;

24

h. If Defendants cannot determine adequate release plans for any Otay Mesa

25

Medically Vulnerable subclass members, or in exercising their discretion believe

26

that release is not appropriate, they shall provide to the Court and class counsel by

27

10:30 a.m. on May 4, 2020, the names of those subclass members and the reason(s)

28

why they have not been released;

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i. Upon identification of any new or previously unidentified Otay Mesa

2

Medically Vulnerable subclass members following this Order, Defendants shall

3

promptly notify class counsel and release any such subclass members consistent with

4

the requirements of this Order;

5 5. A further telephonic status conference shall be held at noon on May 4, 2020. The

6 dial-in number for any counsel who wish to listen in only and members of the public is as

7 follows.

8

a. Dial the toll free number: 877-411-9748;

9

b. Enter the Access Code: 6246317 (Participants will be put on hold until the

10

Court activates the conference call);

11

c. Enter the Participant Security Code 05040756 and Press # (The security code

12

will be confirmed);

13

d. Once the Security Code is confirmed, participants will be prompted to Press

14

1 to join the conference or Press 2 to re-enter the Security Code.

15 All persons dialing in to the conference are reminded that Civil Local Rule 83.7(c) prohibits

16 any recording of court proceedings.

17

IT IS SO ORDERED.

18 Dated: April 30, 2020

19

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 Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 41 Filed 05/01/20 PageID.1037 Page 1 of 19

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3

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5

6

7

8

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA;

11

YASMANI OSORIO REYNA; MARIA FLOR CALDERON LOPEZ; MARY

12 DOE; on behalf of themselves and all

13 others similarly situated,

Plaintiffs-Petitioners, 14

v. 15

16

GREGORY ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration

17 and Customs Enforcement; et al.,

Case No.: 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)
ORDER (1) GRANTING IN PART PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR CLASS CERTIFICATION AND (2) GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR SUBCLASS-WIDE EMERGENCY TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER

18

Defendants-Respondents.

19

20

This case is one of many that have been filed throughout the country concerning the

21 detention of immigration detainees during the COVID-19 pandemic. The facilities at issue

22 in this case are Otay Mesa Detention Center (“Otay Mesa” or “OMDC”) and Imperial

23 Regional Detention Facility. Currently there are no COVID-19 cases at Imperial.

24 However, Otay Mesa is “home to the largest confirmed COVID-19 outbreak in any federal

25 immigration detention facility in the entire country[.]” (Compl. ¶4.) As of April 30, 2020,

26 ninety-eight (98) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) detainees at Otay Mesa

27 had tested positive for COVID-19. Over the course of the pandemic, six ICE detainees

28

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1 from Otay Mesa have been hospitalized, four have been discharged, two remain

2 hospitalized, and one, an individual with diabetes, has recently been placed on a ventilator.

3

One of the Plaintiffs in this case is Adrian Rodriguez Alcantara, a 31-year-old

4 asylum seeker from Cuba with HIV. In February 2020, he passed his credible fear

5 interview, and he is currently awaiting a merits hearing on his asylum claim. (Id. ¶33.)

6 When the present case was filed, Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara was detained at Otay Mesa.

7 Since that time, he has been granted parole subject to the posting of a $4,000 bond and

8 final medical clearance, (Fed. Defs.’ Opp’n to Mot. at 6), but as of April 28, 2020, he was

9 still in custody. In the present case, Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara seeks to represent “All civil

10 immigration detainees incarcerated at the Otay Mesa Detention Center who are age 45

11 years or older or who have medical conditions that place them at heightened risk of severe

12 illness or death from COVID-19” (“the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass”).

13 (Compl. ¶155.) Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara alleges Defendants are violating Plaintiffs’ Fifth

14 Amendment rights to substantive due process by subjecting Plaintiffs “to punishment or

15 unreasonable heightened risk of contracting COVID-19” for no legitimate reason or

16 justification. (Id. ¶167.) He also alleges Defendants’ practices, “including but not limited

17 to maintaining population levels too high for social distancing to be possible,” subjects

18 Plaintiffs “to an unreasonable risk of serious harm, including severe illness and death, in

19 violation of their due process rights.” (Id.)

20

In the present motions, Plaintiffs request that the Court provisionally certify the Otay

21 Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass and issue an emergency temporary restraining order,

22 preliminary injunction and writ of habeas corpus securing the immediate release of all

23 members of that Subclass. The Federal Defendants and Defendant Christopher LaRose,

24 the Warden of Otay Mesa, each filed an opposition to the motion, and Plaintiffs filed a

25 reply. The motions came on for hearing on April 28, 2020. After the hearing, Warden

26 LaRose filed a supplemental brief indicating that the number of high risk ICE detainees at

27 Otay Mesa was not the 8 represented in his brief and at oral argument, but was in the range

28 of 51-69. Plaintiffs filed a response to that brief, and the Court thereafter held a status

2 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)

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1 conference with counsel to discuss the newly discovered facts. During that conference,

2 counsel for Warden LaRose represented to the Court that he received the updated numbers

3 from the Federal Defendants as part of their compliance with a preliminary injunction

4 issued in another class action case, Fraihat v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement,

5 ___ F.Supp.3d ___, No. EDCV 19-1546 JGB (SHKx), 2020 WL 1932570 (C.D. Cal. Apr.

6 20, 2020). At the conclusion of that conference, the Court issued an oral ruling granting in

7 part Plaintiffs’ motion to certify the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass and

8 granting the emergency motion for a TRO. In that oral ruling and in the order that followed,

9 (ECF No. 38), the Court stated it would set out its reasoning for those decisions in a more

10 detailed order to follow. This order sets out that reasoning.

11

I.

12

BACKGROUND

13

Otay Mesa Detention Center houses both ICE detainees and United States Marshals

14 Service detainees. (Decl. of Warden C. LaRose in Supp. of Opp’n to Mot. (“LaRose

15 Decl.”) ¶7.) It has a design capacity of 1,970 detainees, (id. ¶8), but as of April 26, 2020,

16 was operating at 50% capacity, with 987 detainees. (Id. ¶12.) Six hundred sixty-two of

17 those detainees are ICE detainees, 649 of which are in the general population and 13 of

18 which are assigned to Restricted Housing Units (“RHUs”). (Id.)

19

OMDC has instituted a number of new policies and practices to address the spread

20 of COVID-19 in the facility, including (1) the suspension of new detainee admissions,

21 social visits, volunteer entry and regularly scheduled facility audits, (2) health screening of

22 all persons entering the facility, (3) posting educational materials throughout the facility,

23 (4) increased sanitation, (5) provisions of masks to detainees, and (6) requiring employees

24 to use personal protective equipment.

25

OMDC has also instituted the practice of protective cohorting and medical

26 quarantine/isolation strategies. (Id. ¶28.) “Protective cohorts are considered ‘protective

27 areas,’ the opposite of a containment area, the objective being to keep the space free of the

28 COVID-19 virus.” (Id. ¶36.)

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1

The purpose of establishing protective cohorts is to limit contact between the

2

identified vulnerable detainees and the general population and thus eliminate or decrease COVID-19 exposure and infection to those deemed high-risk.

3

General population detainees who are at heightened risk of infection from

4

COVID-19 due to age (currently 60 or over), heart disease, diabetes, lung disease, etc., but have not been exposed to the virus are moved into housing

5

pods, separate from the lower risk population.

6 (Id. ¶35.) According to Warden LaRose,

7

[c]ohort housing/quarantine is not a punitive measure, nor [ ] does it mean that

detainees are subjected to conditions of confinement in line with heightened

8

restrictions placed on RHU detainees. Rather, detainees are provided with the

9

same activities and opportunities as their normal general population status,

including access to recreation, dayroom time, programming, commissary,

10

legal visitation (including virtual visits when possible,), video court

11

appearances, telephone calls, detainee mail operations, legal research via

housing pod kiosks, library access via request/delivery from the librarian, and

12

legal copy requests via the facility librarian, subject to COVID-19 restricted

13

movement protocols that now bring services to the pod versus detainees

moving throughout the facility for the same. 14

15 (Id. ¶42.) During the April 30 status conference, counsel for Warden LaRose

16 acknowledged that OMDC instituted the practice of protective cohorting even though

17 ICE’s Health Service Corps (“IHSC”), which provides healthcare service to ICE detainees

18 at Otay Mesa, (id. ¶8), does not do so.

19

Consistent with this practice of protective cohorting, on or about March 23, 2020,

20 IHSC produced “a list of 15 ICE OMDC detainees … identified as having heightened

21 COVID-19 risk-factors.” (Id. ¶37.) OMDC staff thereafter “moved the identified

22 vulnerable ICE detainees into previously empty units to establish protective cohorts,

23 separated from the rest of the detainee population.” (Id. ¶38.) Those detainees are 24 currently housed in R Pod. (Id. ¶39.) R Pod has capacity for 128 detainees,1 but as of

25

26

27 1 In his Declaration, Warden LaRose initially represented that R Pod had capacity for 64 detainees, but during the April 30 status conference, his counsel clarified that R Pod is
28 actually a 128-bed unit.

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1 April 26, 2020, was housing only 20 ICE detainees, all male.2 (Id.) As of April 28, 2020,

2 the number of high-risk detainees in R Pod had decreased to eight. “Detainees in R Pod

3 have not had any positive COVID-19 tests.” (Id.)

4

This practice of protective cohorting, however, does not appear to be working as

5 planned. As mentioned above, there are somewhere between 43 and 61 additional

6 detainees in Otay Mesa who IHSC has recently identified as being at high risk for severe

7 complications from COVID-19. As of April 30, 2020, Warden LaRose did not know where

8 those detainees were being housed, i.e., whether they were in a protective cohort or in one

9 of the other ten available housing units,3 all of which, save one (J Pod), had at least one

10 confirmed case of COVID-19.

11

As for the J Pod, Warden LaRose states it has capacity for 128 detainees, although

12 as of April 26, 2020, it was housing only 102 detainees. Warden LaRose explains that J

13 Pod is an open sleeping bay unit, which is apparent in the photographs attached to his

14 Declaration. (LaRose Decl., Attach. 12.) In addition to the open sleeping bays, J Pod has

15 a dayroom area where detainees are allowed to congregate. Although OMDC promotes

16 social distancing in these areas, it does not require social distancing between detainees, and

17 claims there is no way for it to enforce that practice. Indeed, OMDC admits that detainees

18 are not social distancing from each other, which is confirmed in the photos of J Pod. (Id.)

19 / / /

20 / / /

21 / / /

22 / / /

23 / / /

24

25 2 According to Warden LaRose, female detainees “identified as having heightened
26 COVID-19 risk factors have left OMDC.” (Id.)
27 3 It appears there are fifteen housing units at OMDC. (Id. ¶102.) One (R Pod) is currently being used as a protective cohort for high risk detainees. Four others (Pods E, H, K and L)
28 are currently being used as Medical Unit Housing overflow. (Id. ¶52.)

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1

II.

2

MOTION FOR CLASS CERTIFICATION4

3

“The class action is ‘an exception to the usual rule that litigation is conducted by and

4 on behalf of the individual named parties only.’” Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S.

5 338, 348 (2011) (quoting Califano v. Yamasaki, 442 U.S. 682, 700-01 (1979)). To qualify

6 for the exception to individual litigation, the party seeking class certification must provide

7 facts sufficient to satisfy the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a) and (b).

8 Doninger v. Pacific Northwest Bell, Inc., 564 F.2d 1304, 1308-09 (9th Cir. 1977). “The

9 Rule ‘does not set forth a mere pleading standard.’” Comcast Corp. v. Behrend, 569 U.S.

10 27, 33 (2013) (quoting Dukes, 564 U.S. at 350). “Rather, a party must not only ‘be prepared

11 to provide that there are in fact sufficiently numerous parties, common questions of law or

12 fact,’ typicality of claims of defenses, and adequacy of representation, as required by Rule

13 23(a). The party must also satisfy through evidentiary proof at least one of the provisions

14 of Rule 23(b)[.]” Id. (quoting Dukes, 564 U.S. at 350) (internal citation omitted).

15

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a) sets out four requirements for class

16 certification—numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of representation. A

17 showing that these requirements are met, however, does not warrant class certification.

18 The plaintiff also must show that one of the requirements of Rule 23(b) is met. Here,

19 Plaintiffs assert they meet the requirements of Rule 23(b)(2).

20

Rule 23(b)(2) allows class treatment when “the party opposing the class has acted or

21 refused to act on grounds that apply generally to the class, so that final injunctive relief or

22 corresponding declaratory relief is appropriate respecting the class as a whole[.]” Fed. R.

23 Civ. P. 23(b)(2). Because the relief requested in a (b)(2) class is prophylactic, enures to

24 the benefit of each class member, and is based on accused conduct that applies uniformly

25

26

27 4 In accordance with the Court’s April 24, 2020 Order Setting Hearing and Providing Guidance on Further Briefing, the discussion that follows relates only to the Otay Mesa
28 Medically Vulnerable Subclass.

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1 to the class, notice to absent class members and an opportunity to opt out of the class is not

2 required. See Dukes, 564 U.S. at 361-62 (noting relief sought in a (b)(2) class “perforce

3 affect[s] the entire class at once” and thus, the class is “mandatory” with no opportunity to

4 opt out).

5

The district court must conduct a rigorous analysis to determine whether the

6 prerequisites of Rule 23 have been met. Gen. Tel. Co. v. Falcon, 457 U.S. 147, 161 (1982).

7 It is a well-recognized precept that “the class determination generally involves

8 considerations that are ‘enmeshed in the factual and legal issues comprising the plaintiff’s

9 cause of action.”’ Coopers & Lybrand v. Livesay, 437 U.S. 463, 469 (1978) (quoting

10 Mercantile Nat’l Bank v. Langdeau, 371 U.S. 555, 558 (1963)). However, “[a]lthough

11 some inquiry into the substance of a case may be necessary to ascertain satisfaction of the

12 commonality and typicality requirements of Rule 23(a), it is improper to advance a decision

13 on the merits to the class certification stage.” Moore v. Hughes Helicopters, Inc., 708 F.2d

14 475, 480 (9th Cir. 1983) (citation omitted); see also Nelson v. United States Steel Corp.,

15 709 F.2d 675, 680 (11th Cir. 1983) (plaintiff’s burden “entails more than the simple

16 assertion of [commonality and typicality] but less than a prima facie showing of liability”)

17 (citation omitted). Rather, the court’s review of the merits should be limited to those

18 aspects relevant to making the certification decision on an informed basis. See Fed. R. Civ.

19 P. 23 advisory committee notes. If a court is not fully satisfied that the requirements of

20 Rule 23(a) and (b) have been met, certification should be refused. Falcon, 457 U.S. at 161.

21 B. Rule 23(a)

22

Rule 23(a) and its prerequisites for class certification—numerosity, commonality,

23 typicality, and adequacy of representation—are addressed in turn.

24

1. Numerosity

25

Rule 23(a)(1) requires the class to be “so numerous that joinder of all members is

26 impracticable.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(1); Staton v. Boeing Co., 327 F.3d 938, 953 (9th Cir.

27 2003). The plaintiff need not state the exact number of potential class members; nor is a

28 specific minimum number required. Arnold v. United Artists Theatre Circuit, Inc., 158

7 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)

Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 41 Filed 05/01/20 PageID.1044 Page 8 of 19

1 F.R.D. 439, 448 (N.D. Cal. 1994). Rather, whether joinder is impracticable depends on

2 the facts and circumstances of each case. Id.

3

Here, Plaintiffs asserted in their motion that there were at least 15 detainees in Otay

4 Mesa who were medically vulnerable to COVID-19. (Mot. for Class Cert. at 13.)

5 Defendants initially asserted there were only 8 high risk ICE detainees in Otay Mesa, and

6 based on that number, Defendants argued the numerosity requirement was not satisfied.

7 (Opp’n to Mot. for Class Cert. at 6 n.6.) However, they have withdrawn that argument in

8 light of the updated numbers set out in Warden LaRose’s supplemental brief. In light of

9 that filing, the Court finds the numerosity requirement is satisfied.

10

2. Commonality

11

The second element of Rule 23(a) requires the existence of “questions of law or fact

12 common to the class[.]” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(2). This element has “‘been construed

13 permissively,’ and ‘[a]ll questions of fact and law need not be common to satisfy the rule.’”

14 Ellis v. Costco Wholesale Corp., 657 F.3d 970, 981 (9th Cir. 2011) (quoting Hanlon v.

15 Chrysler Corp., 150 F.3d 1011, 1019 (9th Cir. 1998)). “However, it is insufficient to

16 merely allege any common question[.]” Id. Instead, the plaintiff must allege the existence

17 of a “common contention” that is of “such a nature that it is capable of classwide

18 resolution[.]” Dukes, 564 U.S. at 350. As summarized by the Supreme Court:

19

What matters to class certification ... is not the raising of common

20

‘questions’—even in droves—but, rather the capacity of a classwide proceeding to generate common answers apt to drive the resolution of the

21

litigation. Dissimilarities within the proposed class are what have the

22

potential to impede the generation of commons answers.

23 Id. (quoting Richard A. Nagareda, Class Certification in the Age of Aggregate Proof, 84

24 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 97, 132 (2009)).

25

In this case, Plaintiffs assert the commonality requirement is met because all

26 subclass members are confined in Otay Mesa, and all are at high risk for severe illness or

27 death from COVID-19. Defendants do not dispute these assertions. Instead, they raise

28 other arguments, none of which is persuasive.

8 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)

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1

First, Defendants argue that although each subclass member is at high risk, each has

2 a different risk profile. (Opp’n to Mot. for Class Cert. at 9.) This may be true, but it does

3 not detract from the undisputed common feature of the subclass, which is that each member

4 is at high risk.

5

Second, Defendants assert Plaintiffs have failed to present evidence that the subclass

6 members are subject to a common practice at Otay Mesa. However, Plaintiffs’ claim is not

7 based on any specific policy or practice. Rather, Plaintiffs are challenging their continued

8 confinement and the conditions of that confinement in a congregate environment that is in

9 the midst of the worst outbreak of COVID-19 in any ICE detention facility in the country.

10 As so construed, Defendants’ argument does not defeat a finding of commonality.

11

Third, Defendants contend that commonality does not exist here because “the Court

12 must determine whether the facility was aware of each detainee’s vulnerable condition and

13 consider the measures taken to abate their specific risk.” (Id. at 10.) Contrary to

14 Defendants’ argument, however, Plaintiffs’ claim does not require a showing that

15 Defendants were aware of the medical vulnerabilities of each subclass member, nor does

16 it require investigation into the measures taken to protect each one individually. The only

17 test for Plaintiffs’ claim is whether the continued confinement or conditions of confinement

18 of subclass members in Otay Mesa, in light of the spread of COVID-19 throughout the

19 facility, amounts to punishment. Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 (1979). That is a

20 question common to the subclass, and its answer will drive resolution of the case.

21

Defendants’ other arguments about whether each subclass member is suitable for

22 release, and that conditions should be placed on each subclass members’ release, are

23 addressed in the Court’s temporary restraining order, and thus they do not defeat a finding

24 of commonality. On the contrary, the Court finds there are questions of law and fact

25 common to this subclass.

26

3. Typicality

27

The next requirement of Rule 23(a) is typicality, which focuses on the relationship

28 of facts and issues between the class and its representatives. “[R]epresentative claims are

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1 ‘typical’ if they are reasonably co-extensive with those of absent class members; they need

2 not be substantially identical.” Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1020. “The test of typicality is whether

3 other members have the same or similar injury, whether the action is based on conduct

4 which is not unique to the named plaintiffs, and whether other class members have been

5 injured by the same course of conduct.” Hanon v. Dataproducts Corp., 976 F.2d 497, 508

6 (9th Cir. 1992) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). The typicality requirement

7 will occasionally merge with the commonality requirement, Parsons, 754 F.3d at 687,

8 because “[b]oth serve as guideposts for determining whether under the particular

9 circumstances maintenance of a class action is economical and whether the named

10 plaintiff’s claim and the class claims are so interrelated that the interests of the class

11 members will be fairly and adequately protected in their absence.” Dukes, 564 U.S. at 349

12 n.5.

13

Here, Plaintiffs rely on the arguments raised on commonality to support a showing

14 of typicality, namely, that Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara is detained in Otay Mesa and is

15 medically vulnerable to COVID-19. Again, Defendants do not dispute these facts, but they

16 argue Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara is nonetheless atypical of the proposed subclass.

17 Specifically, they assert he does not meet the CDC guidelines for medical vulnerability

18 because he has not shown his HIV is “poorly controlled.” (Opp’n to Mot. for Class Cert.

19 at 13.)

20

In support of their argument, Defendants cite to a CDC website, but that link is no

21 longer active. Based on the Court’s review of the CDC website, people who are

22 immunocompromised, including those having “HIV with a low CD4 cell count or not on

23 HIV treatment,” may be at higher risk. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-

24 extra-precautions/groups-at-higher-risk.html. In his Declaration, Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara

25 states OMDC staff have tested his blood, but they have not provided him with the results

26 of those tests, including his CD4 count and viral load. (Decl. of Adrian Rodriguez

27 Alcantara in Supp. of Mot. for Class Cert. ¶5.) Thus, Mr. Alcantara does not know whether

28 he is currently suffering from a low CD4 cell count. Defendants did not provide that

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1 information in their briefing, therefore the Court is also unable to make that determination.

2 Nevertheless, Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara’s HIV status, in itself, appears to place him in the

3 category of “immunocompromised” individuals who may be at higher risk from COVID-

4 19. As such, his claim is typical of the claims of subclass members.

5

4. Adequacy of Representation

6

The final requirement of Rule 23(a) is adequacy. Rule 23(a)(4) requires a showing

7 that “the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class.”

8 Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(4). This requirement is grounded in constitutional due process

9 concerns; “absent class members must be afforded adequate representation before entry of

10 a judgment which binds them.” Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1020 (citing Hansberry v. Lee, 311

11 U.S. 32, 42-43 (1940)). In reviewing this issue, courts must resolve two questions: “(1) do

12 the named plaintiffs and their counsel have any conflicts of interest with other class

13 members and (2) will the named plaintiffs and their counsel prosecute the action vigorously

14 on behalf of the class?” Id. (citing Lerwill v. Inflight Motion Pictures, Inc., 582 F.2d 507,

15 512 (9th Cir. 1978)). The named plaintiffs and their counsel must have sufficient “zeal and

16 competence” to protect the interests of the rest of the class. Fendler v. Westgate-California

17 Corp., 527 F.2d 1168, 1170 (9th Cir. 1975).

18

Here, Plaintiffs assert there is no conflict between Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara and his

19 counsel and other subclass members, and that they will vigorously represent the class.

20 Defendants do not dispute that the adequacy requirement is met, and the Court so finds.

21 C. Rule 23(b)

22

Having satisfied the requirements of Rule 23(a), the next issue is whether Plaintiffs

23 have shown that at least one of the requirements of Rule 23(b) is met. Amchem Products,

24 Inc. v. Windsor, 521 U.S. 591, 614-15 (1997). Here, Plaintiffs assert they have met the

25 prerequisites of certification for a class under Rule 23(b)(2).

26

Under Rule 23(b)(2), class certification may be appropriate where a defendant acted

27 or refused to act in a manner applicable to the class generally, rendering injunctive and

28 declaratory relief appropriate to the class as a whole. Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(2).

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1

The key to the (b)(2) class is “the indivisible nature of the injunctive or

2

declaratory remedy warranted—the notion that the conduct is such that it can be enjoined or declared unlawful only as to all of the class members or as to

3

none of them.” [citation omitted] In other words, Rule 23(b)(2) applies only

4

when a single injunction or declaratory judgment would provide relief to each member of the class. It does not authorize class certification when each

5

individual class member would be entitled to a different injunction or

6

declaratory judgment against the defendant.

7 Dukes, 564 U.S. at 360.

8

Here, Plaintiffs argue the subclass is particularly suited for certification under Rule

9 23(b)(2) because Defendants are acting on grounds generally applicable to the subclass,

10 and the injunctive relief sought is appropriate for the subclass as a whole. Defendants do

11 not address Rule 23(b)(2), but the Court agrees with Plaintiffs that this case meets its

12 requirements.

13

The only other issue on certification is whether the Fraihat decision precludes

14 certification of the subclass in this case. In Fraihat, the court granted provisional class

15 certification to two subclasses that could possibly overlap with the Otay Mesa Medically

16 Vulnerable Subclass proposed here. Those subclasses include detainees in ICE custody

17 who (1) are over 55 years of age and have certain Risk Factors that place them at heightened

18 risk of severe illness and death upon contracting COVID-19 and (2) have certain

19 disabilities that place them at heightened risk of severe illness and death upon contracting

20 COVID-19. Fraihat v. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, No. EDCV 19-1546 JGB

21 (SHKx), 2020 WL 1932393, at *1 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020). Plaintiffs here argue the Otay

22 Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass is different in that it includes people age 45 and older.

23 They also assert the relief sought in this case is different from that ordered in Fraihat.

24

Although there is some overlap between this case and Fraihat, this Court declines

25 to find that Fraihat precludes certification of the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable

26 Subclass. As stated in a recent decision addressing this issue, “It does not appear that Judge

27 Bernal intended, by the general nationwide relief he ordered, to interfere with the ability of

28 facility-specific litigation to proceed. Nor, in any event, does a nationwide class action

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1 covering specific relief at specific facilities seem manageable.” Zepeda Rivas v. Jennings,

2 ___ F.Supp.3d ___, No. 20-cv-02731-VC, 2020 WL 2059848, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 29,

3 2020). This Court agrees with that reasoning, and thus declines to deny the present motion

4 in light of Fraihat.

5

In light of the above, the Court grants Plaintiffs’ motion for certification of the Otay

6 Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass, with one modification: Plaintiffs request

7 certification of a subclass of detainees age 45 years or older on the ground that people in

8 this age group may be at higher risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. Notably,

9 CDC guidelines do not cover this age group. Rather, they define “older adults” at higher

10 risk from COVID-19 as persons “65 years old and older[,]”

11 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html,

12 and ICE considers detainees at higher risk if they are age 60 or older. (Decl. of Kelley

13 Beckhelm Assistant Officer in Charge of Immigration and Customs Enforcement

14 Enforcement and Removal Operations Otay Mesa Detention Facility ¶21 n.3.) Given the

15 CDC and ICE guidelines, and the lack of accepted evidence to support a finding that people

16 between the ages of 45 and 59 are at the same heightened risk as those 60 years old and

17 above, the Court declines to include them in the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass.

18 With that modification, the Court provisionally certifies the following subclass under

19 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(2):

20

All civil immigration detainees incarcerated at the Otay Mesa Detention

21

Center who are age 60 or over or who have medical conditions that place them at heightened risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19 as determined

22

by CDC guidelines.

23 Plaintiff Rodriguez Alcantara is appointed as Subclass Representative, and Counsel from

24 the ACLU Foundation of San Diego and Imperial Counties are appointed as counsel for

25 this Subclass pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(g).

26 / / /

27 / / /

28 / / /

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1

III.

2

EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER

3

Turning to Plaintiffs’ motion for a TRO, the purpose of a TRO is to preserve the

4 status quo before a preliminary injunction hearing may be held; its provisional remedial

5 nature is designed merely to prevent irreparable loss of rights prior to judgment. Granny

6 Goose Foods, Inc. v. Brotherhood of Teamsters & Auto Truck Drivers, 415 U.S. 423, 439

7 (1974). The standard for issuing a temporary restraining order is identical to the standard

8 for issuing a preliminary injunction. Lockheed Missile & Space Co., Inc. v. Hughes

9 Aircraft Co., 887 F. Supp. 1320, 1323 (N.D. Cal. 1995). Injunctive relief is an

10 “extraordinary remedy that may only be awarded upon a clear showing that the plaintiff is

11 entitled to such relief.” Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 22 (2008).

12 To meet that showing, Plaintiffs must demonstrate “‘[they are] likely to succeed on the

13 merits, that [they are] likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief,

14 that the balance of equities tips in [their] favor, and that an injunction is in the public

15 interest.’” Am. Trucking Ass’ns v. City of Los Angeles, 559 F.3d 1046, 1052 (9th Cir. 2009)

16 (quoting Winter, 555 U.S. at 20).5

17

18

19 5 Warden LaRose argues Plaintiffs are requesting a mandatory injunction rather than a
20 prohibitory injunction. The Ninth Circuit applies separate standards for injunctions
21 depending on whether they are prohibitory, i.e. they prevent future conduct, or mandatory, i.e. “they go beyond ‘maintaining the status quo[.]’” Hernandez v. Sessions, 872 F.3d 976,
22 997 (9th Cir. 2017). To the extent Plaintiffs are requesting mandatory relief, that request
23 is “subject to a higher standard than prohibitory injunctions,” namely that relief will issue only “when ‘extreme or very serious damage will result’ that is not capable of
24 compensation in damages,’ and the merits of the case are not ‘doubtful.’” Id. at 999
25 (quoting Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc. v. Mucos Pharma GmbH & Co., 571 F.3d 873, 879 (9th Cir. 2009)). The Ninth Circuit recognizes that application of these different standards
26 “is controversial[,]” and that other Circuits have questioned this approach. Id. at 997-98.
27 This Court need not, and does not, address that discrepancy here. To the extent some portion of Plaintiffs’ requested relief is subject to a standard higher than the traditional
28 standard for injunctive relief, Plaintiffs have met their burden for the reasons set out below.

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1 A. Likelihood of Success6

2

“The first factor under Winter is the most important—likely success on the merits.”

3 Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733, 740 (9th Cir. 2015). While Plaintiffs carry the

4 burden of demonstrating likelihood of success, they are not required to prove their case in

5 full at this stage but only such portions that enable them to obtain the injunctive relief they

6 seek. See Univ. of Texas v. Camenisch, 451 U.S. 390, 395 (1981).

7

As stated above, the only claim alleged in this case is that Defendants are violating

8 Plaintiffs’ rights to substantive due process under the Fifth Amendment. To prevail on this

9 claim, Plaintiffs must show their continued confinement or their conditions of confinement

10 amount to punishment. Bell, 441 U.S. at 535. In Bell, the Supreme Court stated that “if a

11 particular condition or restriction of pretrial detention is reasonably related to a legitimate

12 governmental objective, it does not, without more, amount to ‘punishment.’” Id. at 539.

13 “Conversely, if a restriction or condition is not reasonably related to a legitimate goal-if it

14 is arbitrary or purposeless-a court permissibly may infer that the purpose of the

15 governmental action is punishment that may not constitutionally be inflicted upon

16 detainees qua detainees.” Id. The Ninth Circuit, expanding upon Bell, has held that a

17 condition or restriction of confinement “is ‘punitive’ where it is intended to punish, or

18 where it is ‘excessive in relation to [its non-punitive] purpose,’ or is ‘employed to achieve

19 objectives that could be accomplished in so many alternative and less harsh methods[.]’”

20 Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 934 (9th Cir. 2004) (citations omitted).

21

Numerous courts across the country have considered whether, in light of the

22 COVID-19 pandemic, the continued confinement of ICE detainees or conditions of

23 confinement at federal detention facilities amounts to punishment in violation of the Fifth

24

25 6 Defendants argue the Court lacks jurisdiction over Plaintiffs’ habeas petition, therefore
26 Plaintiffs’ do not have a likelihood of success on the merits of their claim. Defendants
27 raised this same argument in Habibi v. Barr, No. 20cv0618 BAS(RBB), 2020 WL 1864642 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 14, 2020). The Habibi court rejected the argument, id. at *2 n.2, and this
28 Court adopts that reasoning and conclusion here.

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1 Amendment’s substantive due process clause. See, e.g., Zepeda Rivas, ___ F.Supp.3d ___,

2 2020 WL 2059848 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 29, 2020); Doe v. Barr, No. 20-CV-02263-RMI, 2020

3 WL 1984266 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2020); Martinez Franco v. Jennings, No. 20-CV-02474-

4 CRB, 2020 WL 1976423 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 24, 2020); Fraihat, 2020 WL 1932570; Singh v.

5 Barr, No. 20-CV-02346-VKD, 2020 WL 1929366 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 20, 2020); Lopez-

6 Marroquin v. Barr, No. 20cv0682 LAB(MDD), 2020 WL 1905341 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 17,

7 2020); Habibi, 2020 WL 1864642; Perez v. Wolf, No. 5:19-CV-05191-EJD, 2020 WL

8 1865303 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 14, 2020); Bent v. Barr, No. 19-CV-06123-DMR, 2020 WL

9 1812850 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 9, 2020); Ortuño v. Jennings, No. 20-CV-02064-MMC, 2020 WL

10 1701724 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 8, 2020); Dawson v. Asher, No. C20-0409JLR-MAT, 2020 WL

11 1704324 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 8, 2020); Xuyue Zhang v. Barr, ___ F.Supp.3d ___, No. ED

12 CV 20-00331-AB(RAOX), 2020 WL 1502607 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 27, 2020); Castillo v. Barr,

13 ___ F.Supp.3d ___, No. CV 20-00605 TJH (AFMX), 2020 WL 1502864 (C.D. Cal. Mar.

14 27, 2020). In the Ninth Circuit, the majority of district courts that have considered the

15 issue have concluded there is a likelihood plaintiffs will prevail on those claims. See, e.g.,

16 Zepeda Rivas, 2020 WL 2059848; Doe, 2020 WL 1984266; Singh, 2020 WL 1929366;

17 Fraihat, 2020 WL 1932570; Perez, 2020 WL 1865303. This Court agrees with that

18 majority.

19

Although “under normal circumstances” the confinement of ICE detainees “pending

20 removal proceedings is rationally related to the legitimate governmental interest of

21 ensuring their appearance for their deportation proceedings and preventing danger to the

22 community[,]” Lopez-Marroquin, 2020 WL 1905341, at *5, the current circumstances, and

23 in particular, the circumstances at Otay Mesa, are anything but normal. As of April 30,

24 2020, there have been 490 confirmed cases of COVID-19 among those in ICE custody out

25 of 1,030 detainees who have been tested, https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus, which

26 translates to a near fifty-percent infection rate. Otay Mesa currently has the highest number

27 of cases (98) in any ICE detention facility, id., and all but one of its available housing units

28 are currently under quarantine with at least one confirmed case of COVID-19.

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1

Under these circumstances, then, the question becomes whether the continued

2 confinement of the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass is excessive in relation to

3 its purpose, namely preventing danger to the community and ensuring appearance at

4 deportation hearings, or if that purpose could be achieved by less severe alternatives. There

5 is no dispute that such alternatives are available. Accordingly, Plaintiffs have

6 demonstrated a likelihood of success on their due process claim.

7 B. Irreparable Injury and Balance of Equities

8

Turning to the next two factors, Plaintiffs must show they are “‘likely to suffer

9 irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief[,]’” and demonstrate that “‘the balance

10 of equities tips in [their] favor.’” Hernandez, 872 F.3d at 995 (quoting Winter, 555 U.S. at

11 20). Plaintiffs have met their burden.

12

The subclass at issue here is comprised of individuals who are medically vulnerable

13 to severe illness and death if they contract COVID-19. That these individuals are more

14 susceptible to severe and dire consequences is not reasonably in dispute. Defendants do

15 dispute whether these individuals are at any greater risk of contracting COVID-19 in the

16 first place, but given the circumstances under which these individuals are being held, it is

17 clear they are at high risk. As stated above, Otay Mesa currently has the highest number

18 of confirmed COVID-19 cases among all ICE detention facilities. The number of positive

19 cases has gone from 25 on April 15 to 98 as of April 30, which is nearly a four-fold increase.

20 Furthermore, although Defendants have instituted new policies and procedures in response

21 to the COVID-19 outbreak, it is clear those policies and procedures are insufficient to

22 protect the medically vulnerable population. Indeed, Warden LaRose admitted he did not

23 have an accurate count of the medically vulnerable detainees in Otay Mesa until yesterday,

24 and he was unable to tell the Court where the overwhelming majority of those detainees

25 were currently being housed. Given the significant number of additional medically

26 vulnerable detainees identified yesterday (43-61), the evidence that only two pods are

27 currently free of COVID-19 infection, and one of those pods, the J Pod, is currently at near

28 80% capacity and detainees in that Pod are not practicing social distancing, the Otay Mesa

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1 Medically Vulnerable Subclass is at great risk of contracting COVID-19. Thus, there is a

2 likelihood of irreparable harm in the absence of a TRO.

3

The balance of equities also weighs in favor of a TRO. On Plaintiffs’ side, the

4 issuance of a TRO will reduce the likelihood that subclass members will contract COVID-

5 19, and hopefully mitigate the spread of the virus in Otay Mesa. Defendants argue the

6 equities weigh in their favor, as the government has an interest in addressing flight risk and

7 protecting the public from dangerous persons. As stated above, however, flight risk may

8 be addressed through alternatives to detention, and the Court’s TRO preserves Defendants’

9 discretion to maintain custody of individuals who may present a danger to the community.

10 The Court’s TRO also addresses Defendants’ concern about setting appropriate conditions

11 for release. For these reasons, the Court finds the balance of equities weighs in favor of

12 issuance of the TRO.

13 C. Public Interest

14

The final factor for consideration is the public interest. See Hernandez, 872 F.3d at

15 996. To obtain the requested relief, “[p]laintiffs must demonstrate that the public interest

16 favors granting the injunction ‘in light of [its] likely consequences,’ i.e., ‘consequences

17 [that are not] too remote, insubstantial, or speculative and [are] supported by evidence.’”

18 Id. (quoting Stormans, Inc. v. Selecky, 586 F.3d 1109, 1139 (9th Cir. 2009)).

19

As with the balance of equities discussed above, the public interest here also weighs

20 in favor of issuing the TRO. As Plaintiffs point out, the public has an interest in preventing

21 the spread of the coronavirus, both in the general population and elsewhere. It also has an

22 interest in protecting the most vulnerable from the severe repercussions they face if infected

23 with the coronavirus. These interests, combined with Defendants’ continued ability to

24 exercise their discretion to determine who is to be released and under what conditions, are

25 all served by the issuance of the TRO.

26 / / /

27 / / /

28 / / /

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1

IV.

2

CONCLUSION

3

For these reasons, and for the reasons set out during the April 30 status conference

4 and the order that followed, the Court grants in part Plaintiffs’ motion for class

5 certification, as set out above. The Court also confirms its issuance of the TRO set out in

6 its April 30, 2020 Order (ECF No. 38).

7

IT IS SO ORDERED.

8 DATED: May 1, 2020 9 10

____________________________________ DANA M. SABRAW United States District Judge

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1

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8

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA;

11

YASMANI OSORIO REYNA; MARIA FLOR CALDERON LOPEZ; MARY

12 DOE; on behalf of themselves and all

13 others similarly situated,

Plaintiffs-Petitioners, 14

v. 15

16

GREGORY ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration

17 and Customs Enforcement; et al.,

Case No.: 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)
ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART WARDEN LAROSE’S EMERGENCY EX PARTE MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION

18

Defendants-Respondents.

19

20

This case comes before the Court on Warden LaRose’s emergency ex parte motion

21 for reconsideration of this Court’s orders granting Plaintiffs’ request for provisional class

22 certification of the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass and for a temporary

23 restraining order (“TRO”). (See ECF Nos. 38, 41.)

24

“Reconsideration is appropriate if the district court (1) is presented with newly

25 discovered evidence, (2) committed clear error or the initial decision was manifestly unjust,

26 or (3) if there is an intervening change in controlling law.” School Dist. No. 1J, Multnomah

27 County, Oregon v. ACandS, Inc., 5 F.3d 1255, 1263 (9th Cir. 1993). Here, Warden LaRose

28 argues reconsideration is appropriate in light of newly produced evidence and because the

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1 Court committed clear error in both granting provisional class certification and issuing the

2 TRO.

3

The Court agrees with Warden LaRose that the April 30, 2020 Order is in error, in

4 part, and must be corrected. Specifically, the April 30, 2020 Order declares “that current

5 conditions of confinement for Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable subclass members held at

6 the Otay Mesa Detention Center are unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment because

7 the conditions of their confinement place subclass members at substantial risk of serious

8 illness or death.” (ECF No. 38 at 2.) The order should read, consistent with the Court’s

9 May 1, 2020 Order, that Plaintiffs have demonstrated a likelihood of success on their due

10 process claim as to the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass only. The Court has not

11 made a finding that there is a constitutional violation in this case, and no declaration to that

12 effect should have been issued. As stated in the Court’s May 1, 2020 Order, the only

13 finding the Court has made thus far is that Plaintiffs have demonstrated a likelihood of

14 success on their due process claim as to the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass.

15 Thus, the Court grants the motion for reconsideration as to this particular aspect of the

16 April 30, 2020 Order.1

17

The remainder of Warden LaRose’s motion, however, is denied. On the temporary

18 restraining order, Warden LaRose argues the Court committed error in several respects

19 with respect to the likelihood of success factor, but the Court disagrees. First, Warden

20 LaRose asserts the Court found the detention of Subclass members is unconstitutional

21 unless Defendants “completely eliminate” the risk of contracting COVID-19. (Mot. at 4-

22 5.) The Court made no such finding. Second, Warden LaRose contends the Court failed

23 to consider the evidence of the measures taken at OMDC to mitigate the risk to Subclass

24 members. The Court did consider those measures. (See ECF No. 41 at 3-5.) Third, Warden

25

26

27 1 The Federal Defendants filed an ex parte motion for correction of this aspect of the April 30, 2020 Order based on oversight or omission. (See ECF No. 45.) That motion is also
28 granted for the reasons set out above.

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1 LaRose claims the Court “placed undue emphasis on the location in which each

2 Subclass member is housed,” and “express[ed] concern that Warden LaRose was not able

3 to identify (at the April 30 hearing) the precise location of those detainees at

4 potentially heightened risk.” (Mot. at 6.) Warden LaRose is correct that the Court

5 considered the location of Subclass members in determining likelihood of success, and that

6 the Court was concerned that Warden LaRose did not know the location of all of the newly

7 identified high risk ICE detainees. However, neither of those factors demonstrates the

8 Court committed clear error in analyzing likelihood of success. Indeed, it is unclear how

9 the Court could have analyzed the likelihood of success factor without considering where

10 the Subclass members were being housed and what precautions were being taken to protect

11 them from the risk of exposure to COVID-19. That Warden LaRose now knows where all

12 of the newly identified high risk ICE detainees are being housed does not change the fact

13 that he did not have that information when the Court issued its Orders. And his provision

14 of that information to the Court now, in conjunction with the present motion, only confirms

15 that information was relevant and necessary to the Court’s analysis. Accordingly, Warden

16 LaRose has not shown the Court committed clear error in granting the TRO.

17

On the issue of class certification, Warden LaRose argues the Court committed clear

18 error in finding the commonality requirement was satisfied, but again, the Court disagrees.

19 As set out in the May 1, 2020 Order, the commonality requirement is satisfied because all

20 Subclass members are at increased risk of complications from COVID-19 and all are

21 detained in OMDC. Whether the continued confinement or the conditions of confinement

22 of Subclass members violates the Fifth Amendment under these common factual

23 circumstances is also a legal question common to the Subclass. Thus, the Court stands on

24 its finding that the commonality requirement is satisfied here.

25

Warden LaRose’s only other argument, which is raised in a footnote, (see Mot. at 14

26 n.5), is that the Court erred in finding the typicality requirement was satisfied. Specifically,

27 Warden LaRose maintains Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara is not typical of other Subclass

28 members because he does not have a qualifying medical condition under CDC guidelines.

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1 Although Dr. Ivens has now explained how Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara’s medical records

2 support that argument, (see Supp. Decl. of K. Ivens, M.D., F.A.C.C.P. ¶¶13-20), he did not

3 present that argument in his original Declaration in opposition to the motion for class

4 certification. Furthermore, it is unclear how the Court would have been able to determine,

5 from the 227 pages of Mr. Rodriguez Alcantara’s medical records alone, how his lab results

6 place him outside the CDC guidelines. Warden LaRose is free to raise this argument, and

7 any others, on Plaintiffs’ request for a preliminary injunction as to the Otay Mesa Medically

8 Vulnerable Subclass, but it does not show the Court committed clear error in granting

9 provisional certification to the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass.

10

For these reasons, the Court grants in part and denies in part Warden LaRose’s

11 emergency ex parte motion for reconsideration.

12

To the extent Plaintiffs wish to proceed with a preliminary injunction, they shall

13 submit their supplement brief on or before May 11, 2020. Defendants may file any

14 opposition briefs on or before May 15, 2020, and Plaintiffs may file their reply on or before

15 May 19, 2020. That request shall be heard on May 22, 2020, at 10:30 a.m.

16

IT IS SO ORDERED.

17 DATED: May 6, 2020 18 19

____________________________________ DANA M. SABRAW United States District Judge

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA;

11

YASMANI OSORIO REYNA; MARIA FLOR CALDERON LOPEZ; MARY

12 DOE; on behalf of themselves and all

13 others similarly situated,

Plaintiffs-Petitioners, 14

v. 15

16

GREGORY ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration

17 and Customs Enforcement; et al.,

Case No.: 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)
ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

18

Defendants-Respondents.

19

20

On April 30, 2020, this Court granted provisional certification to a subclass of

21 medically vulnerable civil immigration detainees at Otay Mesa Detention Center

22 (“OMDC”), and issued an emergency temporary restraining order (“TRO”) directing

23 Defendants to review the records of these subclass members and “release all subclass

24 members suitable for release in the discretion of Defendants after considering the subclass

25 members’ health, public safety and mandatory detention requirements, with appropriate

26 conditions to protect the public, and the health, safety and well being of each subclass

27 member.” (ECF No. 38 at 2.) Since that time, Defendants have released ninety-two of the

28 134 subclass members. One subclass member is scheduled for release upon receipt of

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1 sponsorship information. Thirty-four subclass members remain in detention based on

2 Defendants’ determination that they pose a danger to the community.1 One subclass

3 member died after contracting COVID-19.

4

Although the infection rate at OMDC is declining, and the detainee population has

5 decreased to approximately thirty-eight percent of capacity, OMDC still has the highest

6 number of COVID-19 cases among immigration detention facilities in the nation, with 160

7 cases as of May 22, 2020. Plaintiffs assert the current situation continues to violate their

8 constitutional rights, and thus the Court should convert the temporary restraining order into

9 a preliminary injunction. Specifically, Plaintiffs seek an injunction (1) prohibiting

10 Defendants from (a) re-detaining subclass members who have been released and (b)

11 accepting new admissions to OMDC, and (2) ordering Defendants to release the remaining

12 subclass members under appropriate release plans.2 Defendants oppose the motion. They

13 argue the current conditions at OMDC refute a finding that Plaintiffs have a likelihood of

14 success on the merits of their claim, and that the other factors weigh against the issuance

15 of a preliminary injunction. After reviewing the parties’ briefs, the record on file, and

16 hearing oral argument from counsel, the Court agrees with Defendants and denies

17 Plaintiffs’ motion.

18

I.

19

BACKGROUND

20

As set out in the Court’s May 1, 2020 Order, OMDC has the capacity to house 1,970

21 detainees. Before the Court issued the TRO, there were 987 individuals housed at OMDC,

22

23

24 1 The most recent spreadsheet lists thirty-seven subclass members who remain in custody,
25 but three of those individuals have been transferred out of OMDC in preparation for removal.
26 2 Plaintiffs also request that the Court expand the subclass definition to include individuals
27 age 45 or older and individuals with any medical condition that places them at heightened risk should they contract COVID-19. The Court addressed these issues in its May 1 Order,
28 and declines to reconsider them on the present motion.

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1 which translated to approximately fifty percent of capacity. As of May 22, 2020, the total

2 number of individuals housed at OMDC had decreased to 758, which is approximately

3 thirty-eight percent of capacity. Of that 758, 489 are civil immigration detainees and 269

4 are United States Marshals Service criminal detainees. The present case is brought on

5 behalf of the civil immigration detainees only.

6

As to the thirty-four civil detainee subclass members who remain in custody, the

7 most recent spreadsheet indicates they are housed throughout the facility. Specifically,

8 four are in segregated housing units, one is in the medical unit, twenty-five are in pods with

9 double-bunk cells, and four are in pods with an open, sleeping-bay design.

10

Only one of these pods, L Pod, has detainees who have tested positive for COVID-

11 19. L Pod is a double-bunk cell unit with a dayroom area containing seventeen affixed

12 tables with four stools each, televisions, and an attached outdoor recreation area. Each cell

13 has its own toilet and sink. The dayroom is 3,686.5 square feet, and the cells are 97.3

14 square feet. As of May 22, 2020, there were fifteen detainees housed in L Pod, which has

15 capacity for 128, so L Pod is operating at twelve percent of capacity. Four subclass

16 members are currently in L Pod, and all detainees in L Pod are currently in single cells.

17

As set out in the May 1 Order, OMDC has instituted a number of new policies and

18 practices to address the spread of COVID-19 in the facility, including (1) the suspension

19 of new detainee admissions, social visits, volunteer entry and regularly scheduled facility

20 audits, (2) health screening of all persons entering the facility, (3) posting educational

21 materials on COVID-19 throughout the facility, (4) increased sanitation, (5) provisions of

22 masks to detainees, and (6) requiring employees to use personal protective equipment. All

23 of these measures, including the practice of protective cohorting, remain in place. Social

24 distancing throughout the facility is possible.

25

Despite all of these measures, OMDC continues to have the highest number of

26 COVID-19 cases among all immigration detention centers: 160 as of May 22, 2020. That

27 is sixty-two more cases than were reported on April 30, 2020, the date the TRO issued.

28 However, the rate of infection at the facility appears to be decreasing. Whereas the

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1 infection rate more than tripled between April 15 and April 30 (from twenty-seven to

2 ninety-eight positive cases), the infection rate was considerably lower between April 30

3 and May 22 (from ninety-eight to 160 positive cases).

4

II.

5

DISCUSSION

6

As set out in the Court’s May 1 Order, the standard for issuing a preliminary

7 injunction is the same as for issuing a temporary restraining order. Lockheed Missile &

8 Space Co., Inc. v. Hughes Aircraft Co., 887 F. Supp. 1320, 1323 (N.D. Cal. 1995). To

9 meet that standard, Plaintiffs must demonstrate “‘[they are] likely to succeed on the merits,

10 that [they are] likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, that the

11 balance of equities tips in [their] favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.’”

12 Am. Trucking Ass’ns v. City of Los Angeles, 559 F.3d 1046, 1052 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting

13 Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008)).

14 A. Likelihood of Success

15

“The first factor under Winter is the most important—likely success on the merits.”

16 Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733, 740 (9th Cir. 2015). While Plaintiffs carry the

17 burden of demonstrating likelihood of success, they are not required to prove their case in

18 full at this stage but only such portions that enable them to obtain the injunctive relief they

19 seek. See Univ. of Texas v. Camenisch, 451 U.S. 390, 395 (1981).

20

As stated in the Court’s previous orders, the only claim alleged in this case is that

21 Defendants are violating Plaintiffs’ rights to substantive due process under the Fifth

22 Amendment. To prevail on this claim, Plaintiffs must show their continued confinement

23 or their conditions of confinement amount to punishment. Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520,

24 535 (1979). In Bell, the Supreme Court stated that “if a particular condition or restriction

25 of pretrial detention is reasonably related to a legitimate governmental objective, it does

26 not, without more, amount to ‘punishment.’” Id. at 539. “Conversely, if a restriction or

27 condition is not reasonably related to a legitimate goal-if it is arbitrary or purposeless-a

28 court permissibly may infer that the purpose of the governmental action is punishment that

4 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)

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1 may not constitutionally be inflicted upon detainees qua detainees.” Id. The Ninth Circuit,

2 expanding upon Bell, has held that a condition or restriction of confinement “is ‘punitive’

3 where it is intended to punish, or where it is ‘excessive in relation to [its non-punitive]

4 purpose,’ or is ‘employed to achieve objectives that could be accomplished in so many

5 alternative and less harsh methods[.]’” Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 934 (9th Cir. 2004)

6 (citations omitted).

7

In the May 1 Order granting Plaintiffs’ request for a TRO, the Court found Plaintiffs

8 had demonstrated a likelihood of success on their due process claim based on the conditions

9 then in effect at Otay Mesa. Specifically, the Court noted Otay Mesa had the highest

10 number of COVID-19 cases among all immigration detention centers in the country, and

11 that all but one of its housing units was on quarantine status with at least one positive case

12 in each of those quarantined units. The first of those factors has not changed since the

13 Court issued the TRO: Otay Mesa still has the largest number of COVID-19 cases among

14 all immigration detention centers. However, other factors have changed, and lead this

15 Court to conclude that Plaintiffs have not demonstrated a likelihood of success on their

16 claim.

17

First, with respect to the subclass members who remain in detention, the record

18 reflects the majority of them, thirty to be exact, are currently in housing units with no

19 positive cases. That is a stark contrast to the situation that existed before the TRO issued,

20 where medically vulnerable detainees were being housed throughout the facility with other

21 detainees who had tested positive. As of May 20, 2020, only four subclass members were

22 in that situation. (See May 20, 2020 Spreadsheet of Detainees in Continued Detention at

23 Column K, Rows 3, 7, 18, 26) (listing L Pod as “Current Housing Unit”). It appears three

24 of them tested positive for the coronavirus before the TRO was issued and have presumably

25 recovered. (See id. at Column N, Rows 7, 18, 26.) The fourth individual may be at

26 increased risk, but other factors mitigate against that risk. Specifically, L Pod is currently

27 at twelve percent of capacity, with just fifteen detainees in a unit designed for 128, and all

28 fifteen detainees are currently in single cells. Thus, the current housing situation for

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1 subclass members is considerably different from the housing situation that was in place

2 before issuance of the TRO.3

3

Second, the government interest in the detention of subclass members who remain

4 at OMDC is markedly different from the government interest in the detention of subclass

5 members who have already been released. For subclass members who have been released,

6 the government interest in detention was presumably limited to ensuring those individuals

7 would appear at their deportation proceedings. That interest may be achieved by

8 alternatives to detention, as reflected by Defendants’ decision to release those subclass

9 members under appropriate conditions. For subclass members who have not been released,

10 the government interest extends beyond merely ensuring attendance at deportation

11 proceedings. As indicated on the Spreadsheet, those subclass members have demonstrated

12 criminal history, much of it significant, which raises the additional government interest in

13 protecting the community. That interest may not be adequately served by alternatives to

14 detention, and it fundamentally alters the analysis of whether the continued confinement

15 of these subclass members violates their substantive due process rights.

16

The final factor that changes the Court’s analysis of the likelihood of success factor

17 is Defendants’ accounting of and for subclass members. Before issuance of the TRO,

18 Defendants were unable to provide the Court with an accurate number of medically

19 vulnerable civil immigration detainees in OMDC, or an accurate accounting of where those

20 detainees were being housed. Since that time, however, Defendants have identified the

21 medically vulnerable civil immigration detainees at OMDC, and they have also identified

22 their locations. The absence of this information was an important component of the Court’s

23 analysis of the request for the TRO. Defendants’ acquisition and use of that information

24 in their detention and housing decisions since the TRO was issued, and their provision of

25

26

27 3 It also bears noting that none of the four individuals currently housed in L Pod fit within the age requirements of the subclass. (See id. at Column E, Rows 3, 7, 18, 26) (listing ages
28 as under 60).

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1 that information to Plaintiffs’ counsel and the Court, provides some assurance that the

2 constitutional rights of subclass members are now being protected.

3

Given the reduction in the population and the current housing situation at OMDC,

4 the policies and procedures instituted at OMDC to address COVID-19, and Defendants’

5 acquisition and use of information concerning medically vulnerable individuals at OMDC,

6 the Court finds Plaintiffs have not demonstrated a likelihood of success on their due process

7 claim. Accordingly, this factor weighs against issuance of a preliminary injunction.

8 B. Remaining Factors

9

In light of the Court’s finding that Plaintiffs have failed to show, at “an irreducible

10 minimum that there is a fair chance of success on the merits,” the Court cannot enter

11 injunctive relief based on the remaining three factors. Martin v. Int’l Olympic Comm., 740

12 F.2d 670, 675 (9th Cir. 1984). Nevertheless, the Court briefly addresses these factors

13 below.

14

Given the dearth of information provided by Defendants before issuance of the TRO,

15 the Court found Plaintiffs had made a sufficient showing on the irreparable injury factor.

16 In the abstract, it was undisputed that subclass members were more susceptible to “severe

17 and dire consequences” if they contracted COVID-19. (ECF No. 41 at 17.) The parties

18 disputed whether subclass members were more likely to contract COVID-19 in the first

19 instance, but given the conditions in place prior to the TRO, the Court sided with Plaintiffs

20 that subclass members were at considerable risk.

21

As explained above, those conditions have now changed, and reflect a lesser risk

22 that subclass members will contract the virus. OMDC is now operating at thirty-eight

23 percent capacity, all but four subclass members are currently housed in units without any

24 positive cases, and the remaining four are in a unit that is at twelve percent capacity with

25 only fifteen detainees in a unit designed for 128, all of whom are in single cells. As

26 mentioned above, three of these four have already contracted the coronavirus and

27 recovered, which may lessen the likelihood they will be reinfected or suffer any “severe

28 and dire consequences” should that happen. Thus, although there remains a chance that

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1 subclass members could contract the virus and suffer irreparable injury, that likelihood is

2 significantly less under the current conditions at OMDC.

3

The current conditions at OMDC also change the analysis of the balance of equities

4 and the public interest factors. As set out above, Defendants have taken additional

5 measures to mitigate the spread of the virus at OMDC, which lessens the need for court

6 intervention. And Plaintiffs have not shown the public interest, specifically, the need to

7 protect the community, would be served by the issuance of an injunction releasing the

8 remaining subclass members.

9

III.

10

CONCLUSION

11

For all of these reasons, the Court denies Plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary

12 injunction. Should circumstances change, Plaintiffs are free to seek relief from the Court.

13

IT IS SO ORDERED.

14 DATED: May 26, 2020 15 16

____________________________________ DANA M. SABRAW United States District Judge

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

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1 ACLU FOUNDATION OF SAN DIEGO & IMPERIAL COUNTIES
2 MONIKA Y. LANGARICA (308518) (mlangarica@aclusandiego.org)
3 JONATHAN MARKOVITZ (301767) (jmarkovitz@aclusandiego.org)
4 KIMBERLY GRANO (328298) (kgrano@aclusandiego.org)
5 BARDIS VAKILI (247783) (bvakili@aclusandiego.org)
6 DAVID LOY (229235) (davidloy@aclusandiego.org)
7 P.O. Box 87131 San Diego, California 92138-7131
8 Telephone: (619) 398-4493

9 COOLEY LLP JOHN HEMANN (165823)
10 (jhemann@cooley.com) ALEXANDER GALICKI (308737)
11 (agalicki@cooley.com) ALEXANDRA EBER (Pro Hac Vice forthcoming)
12 (aeber@cooley.com) ELLIE W. BARCZAK (329180)
13 (ebarczak@cooley.com) 101 California Street, 5th Floor
14 San Francisco, California 94111-5800 Telephone: (415) 693-2000
15 Facsimile: (415) 693-2222

16 Counsel for Plaintiff-Petitioners

17

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

18

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

19
Adrian RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA, 20 et al.,

21

Plaintiff-Petitioners,

22

v.

23 Gregory J. ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration
24 and Customs Enforcement, et al.,

25

Defendant-Respondents.

Case No. 20-cv-756-DMS-AHG

PLAINTIFF-PETITIONERS’ NOTICE OF MOTION AND EMERGENCY MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AND WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

Date: Time: Dept: Judge:

July 17, 20201 1:30 p.m. 13A Honorable Dana M. Sabraw

26

27

28

1 Plaintiff-Petitioners have filed a separate ex parte application requesting an expedited hearing on June 26, 2020.

MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AND

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

20-CV-756-DMS-AHG

Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 83 Filed 06/12/20 PageID.2308 Page 2 of 3

1 TO ALL PARTES AND THEIR COUNSEL OF RECORD:

2

Due to the urgent and imminent threat to the safety and lives of civil

3 immigration detainees held at the Imperial Regional Detention Facility (“IRDF”) in

4 the midst of an outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”), Plaintiff-

5 Petitioners hereby move this Court for a preliminary injunction and writ of habeas

6 corpus to secure the immediate release of all medically vulnerable detainees and

7 asylum seekers in the facility and require a plan to prevent the spread of COVID-19

8 among the remaining detainees. Specifically, Plaintiff-Petitioners respectfully

9 request that the Court issue a preliminary injunction directing Defendants to:

10

• Immediately release from IRDF all Medically Vulnerable Subclass members,

11

defined as:

12

All civil immigration detainees incarcerated at the Imperial

13

Regional Detention Facility (“IRDF”) who are age 45 or over or who have medical conditions that place them at heightened risk

14

of severe illness or death from COVID-19;

15

• Immediately reduce the population within all housing units IRDF to allow for

16

social distancing, including by

17

o releasing individuals from IRDF who do not have active underlying

18

credible fear or removal proceedings;

19

o suspending the transfer or new admission of individuals into IRDF; and

20

o releasing additional IRDF Class members as necessary to allow for

21

proper social distancing within all housing units.

22

• Prepare a plan that specifically addresses measures to protect the remaining

23

detainees which includes: testing, social distancing, personal hygiene, cleaning

24

and disinfecting living and eating areas, and providing and adequate protective

25

equipment.

26

The continued detention of Medically Vulnerable Subclass members and the

27 conditions under which all IRDF detainees are confined, unconstitutionally threatens

28 their life and health, in violation of their Due Process rights under the Fifth

MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AND

1.

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

20-CV-756-DMS-AHG

Case 3:20-cv-00756-DMS-AHG Document 83 Filed 06/12/20 PageID.2309 Page 3 of 3

1 Amendment to the Constitution.

2

Plaintiff- Petitioners’ Motion is based on this Motion; the concurrently filed

3 Memorandum of Points and Authorities and declarations and supporting documents

4 attached thereto; on all papers, pleadings, records, and files in this case; on all matters

5 of which judicial notice may be taken; and on all such other argument and/or evidence

6 that may be presented to the Court at a hearing on this motion.

7

Plaintiff-Petitioners respectfully request an immediate hearing on this motion

8 at the soonest possible time the Court may hear it.

9

10 Dated: June 12, 2020

Respectfully Submitted,

11

12

13

Monika Y. Langarica Jonathan Markovitz

14

Kimberly Gano Bardis Vakili

15 David Loy

16

ACLU FOUNDATION OF SAN DIEGO & IMPERIAL COUNTIES

17 Counsel for Plaintiff-Petitioners

18

By: /s/ John Hemann John Hemann Alexander Galicki Alexandra Eber (Pro Hac Vice forthcoming) Ellie W. Barczak
COOLEY LLP
Counsel for Plaintiff-Petitioners

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AND

2.

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

20-CV-756-DMS-AHG

 
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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA;

11

YASMANI OSORIO REYNA; MARIA FLOR CALDERON LOPEZ; MARY

12 DOE; on behalf of themselves and all

13 others similarly situated,

Plaintiffs-Petitioners, 14

v. 15

16

GREGORY ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration

17 and Customs Enforcement; et al.,

Case No.: 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)
ORDER (1) DENYING PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION AND (2) DENYING WITHOUT PREJUDICE PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR CLASS CERTIFICATION

18

Defendants-Respondents.

19

20

This case comes before the Court on Plaintiffs’ motion for certification of a class

21 consisting of all civil immigration detainees at Imperial Regional Detention Facility

22 (“IRDF”) and a subclass of all medically vulnerable civil immigration detainees at IRDF,

23 along with a motion for a preliminary injunction and writ of habeas corpus on behalf of

24 these detainees. Plaintiffs seek a preliminary injunction similar to the temporary

25 restraining order and preliminary injunction they requested for civil immigration detainees

26 at Otay Mesa Detention Center (“OMDC”), which at that time, had the highest number of

27 COVID-19 cases (160) among immigration detention facilities in the nation. In contrast

28 to OMDC, there have been two (2) confirmed cases of COVID-19 among detainees at

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1 IRDF, both of whom have fully recovered. The Federal Defendants and Defendant Sixto

2 Marrero, the Facility Administrator for IRDF, oppose both motions. They argue, as

3 Defendants did in response to Plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction for OMDC,

4 that the conditions at IRDF preclude a finding that Plaintiffs have a likelihood of success

5 on the merits of their claim, and that the other factors weigh against the issuance of a

6 preliminary injunction. Defendants also contend Plaintiffs have not met the requirements

7 for class certification. After reviewing the parties’ briefs, the record on file, and hearing

8 oral argument from counsel, the Court agrees with Defendants and denies Plaintiffs’

9 motion.

10

I.

11

BACKGROUND

12

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, IRDF has implemented a number

13 of new policies and procedures designed to protect detainees from COVID-19 exposure

14 and infection. (Decl. of Sixto Marrero in Supp. of Opp’n to Mot. ¶10.) Those measures

15 include staff education and training; detainee education; screening of staff and other

16 visitors to the Facility; increased and enhanced cleaning and sanitation; provision of

17 hygiene supplies; social distancing when possible; staff and detainee use of personal

18 protective equipment; COVID-19 screening of all incoming detainees and, to the extent

19 possible, quarantining those individuals for 14 days prior to introducing them to the general

20 population; suspension of all social visits; non-contact legal visits; and isolation and

21 quarantine of detainees with suspected or known cases of COVID-19. (Id. ¶¶11-97.)

22

Defendants have also significantly reduced the detainee population at IRDF in light

23 of the pandemic. Indeed, with the exception of eight medically vulnerable detainees who

24 remain in custody due to Defendants’ determination that they are unsuitable for release, all

25 of the medically vulnerable detainees have been released. Overall, although IRDF has the

26 capacity to house 782 detainees, there were only 287 detainees in the Facility as of July 17,

27 2020, which translates to approximately 36 percent of total capacity. Of the twelve housing

28 units at IRDF, nine are currently being used for housing with capacity rates ranging from

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1 26 to 56 percent. Three units are currently closed for maintenance or refurbishing, but

2 given the overall capacity rate, social distancing is possible.

3

These prevention and protection measures appear to be having their intended effect.

4 As of July 17, 2020, 100 detainees at IRDF had been tested for COVID-19. Only two of

5 those tests returned positive results, and as stated above, those individuals have recovered.

6 Six tests were pending as of July 17, 2020. The conditions inside IRDF are a lone bright

7 spot for Imperial County, generally, which, as of last week, had the highest rate of COVID-

8 19 spread and highest COVID-19 mortality rate in California. (Pls.’ Notice of Supp. Facts,

9 Ex. A.)

10

II.

11

DISCUSSION

12

As set out in the Court’s previous orders in this case, the standard for issuing a

13 preliminary injunction is the same as for issuing a temporary restraining order. Lockheed

14 Missile & Space Co., Inc. v. Hughes Aircraft Co., 887 F. Supp. 1320, 1323 (N.D. Cal.

15 1995). To meet that standard, Plaintiffs must demonstrate “‘[they are] likely to succeed on

16 the merits, that [they are] likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary

17 relief, that the balance of equities tips in [their] favor, and that an injunction is in the public

18 interest.’” Am. Trucking Ass’ns v. City of Los Angeles, 559 F.3d 1046, 1052 (9th Cir. 2009)

19 (quoting Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008)).

20

“The first factor under Winter is the most important—likely success on the merits.”

21 Garcia v. Google, Inc., 786 F.3d 733, 740 (9th Cir. 2015). While Plaintiffs carry the burden

22 of demonstrating likelihood of success, they are not required to prove their case in full at

23 this stage but only such portions that enable them to obtain the injunctive relief they seek.

24 See Univ. of Texas v. Camenisch, 451 U.S. 390, 395 (1981).

25

As with Plaintiffs’ previous requests for injunctive relief for the OMDC detainees,

26 the only claim at issue for the IRDF detainees is that Defendants are violating their rights

27 to substantive due process under the Fifth Amendment. To prevail on this claim, Plaintiffs

28 must show their continued confinement or their conditions of confinement amount to

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1 punishment. Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 (1979). In Bell, the Supreme Court stated

2 that “if a particular condition or restriction of pretrial detention is reasonably related to a

3 legitimate governmental objective, it does not, without more, amount to ‘punishment.’” Id.

4 at 539. “Conversely, if a restriction or condition is not reasonably related to a legitimate

5 goal-if it is arbitrary or purposeless-a court permissibly may infer that the purpose of the

6 governmental action is punishment that may not constitutionally be inflicted upon

7 detainees qua detainees.” Id. The Ninth Circuit, expanding upon Bell, has held that a

8 condition or restriction of confinement “is ‘punitive’ where it is intended to punish, or

9 where it is ‘excessive in relation to [its non-punitive] purpose,’ or is ‘employed to achieve

10 objectives that could be accomplished in so many alternative and less harsh methods[.]’”

11 Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 934 (9th Cir. 2004) (citations omitted).

12

Here, as with the OMDC detainees, Plaintiffs have not made the requisite showing.

13 Unlike at OMDC, where there were active positive COVID-19 cases, there are currently

14 no active COVID-19 cases at IRDF. Of the 100 detainees who have been tested, only two

15 returned positive results, and both have recovered. Unlike at OMDC, there is no concern

16 that the eight medically vulnerable individuals who remain at IRDF are being housed with

17 others who are positive for COVID-19. And to the extent that any of the six outstanding

18 tests come back positive, Defendants appear to have the necessary protective measures in

19 place to protect other detainees from exposure and infection. Given the current conditions

20 at IRDF, Plaintiffs have not shown a likelihood of success on their substantive due process

21 claim. In light of this finding, the Court cannot enter injunctive relief based on the

22 remaining three factors. Martin v. Int’l Olympic Comm., 740 F.2d 670, 675 (9th Cir. 1984).

23 / / /

24 / / /

25 / / /

26 / / /

27 / / /

28 / / /

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1

III.

2

CONCLUSION

3

For these reasons, the Court denies Plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction.

4 Should circumstances change, Plaintiffs are free to seek relief from the Court.1

5

IT IS SO ORDERED.

6 DATED: July 22, 2020 7 8

____________________________________ DANA M. SABRAW United States District Judge

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17

18

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25

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27 1 In light of this ruling, the Court denies without prejudice Plaintiffs’ motion for class
28 certification.

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1

2

3

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8

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA;

11

YASMANI OSORIO REYNA; MARIA FLOR CALDERON LOPEZ; MARY

12 DOE; on behalf of themselves and all

13 others similarly situated,

Plaintiffs-Petitioners, 14

v. 15

16

GREGORY ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration

17 and Customs Enforcement; et al.,

Case No.: 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)
ORDER (1) DENYING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DECERTIFY OTAY MESA SUBCLASS AND (2) DENYING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS

18

Defendants-Respondents.

19

20

This case returns to the Court on Defendants’ (1) motion to decertify the Otay Mesa

21 Medically Vulnerable Subclass and (2) the Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss.

22 Plaintiffs oppose both motions. After reviewing the parties’ briefs, the relevant legal

23 authority, and the record in this case, the Court denies both motions.

24

I.

25

MOTION TO DECERTIFY

26

The Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass was provisionally certified in

27 connection with the Court’s issuance of the temporary restraining order. (See ECF No.

28 38 at 1; ECF No. 41 at 13; ECF No. 77 at 1.) Defendants argue the Court’s denial of

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1 Plaintiffs’ request for a preliminary injunction constitutes a “subsequent development in

2 the litigation,” and in light of that development the Subclass should be decertified.

3 Plaintiffs dispute that the Court’s denial of their request for preliminary injunctive relief

4 is a valid basis for decertifying the Subclass. They also argue the requirements for

5 certification are still met, and there is a need for the Subclass to remain certified.

6

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(c)(1)(C) states, “[a]n order that grants or denies

7 class certification may be altered or amended before final judgment.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

8 23(c)(1)(C). Plaintiffs acknowledge that alteration or amendment of such an order may

9 be warranted based on “’subsequent developments in the litigation,’” Makaeff v. Trump

10 Univ., LLC, 309 F.R.D. 631, 635 (S.D. Cal. 2015) (quoting Gen. Tel. Co. of Southwest v.

11 Falcon, 457 U.S. 147, 160 (1982)), (see Opp’n to Mot. at 2), but they dispute whether the

12 Court’s denial of their request for a preliminary injunction constitutes such a

13 development.

14

Neither side cites any case law on this precise issue. However, the denial of a

15 request for preliminary injunction, standing alone, does not appear to be the kind of

16 “subsequent development in the litigation” that warrants decertification. Rather, that kind

17 of development suggests a change in the facts or evidence in a case, see Blackie v.

18 Barrack, 524 F.2d 891, 897 (9th Cir. 1975) (stating class certification subject to

19 “decertification as the suit progresses and newly discovered facts warrant.”) (emphasis

20 added); NEI Contracting & Eng'g, Inc. v. Hanson Aggregates, Inc., No. 12-CV-01685-

21 BAS(JLB), 2016 WL 2610107, at *4 (S.D. Cal. May 6, 2016) (seeking decertification

22 based on newly uncovered evidence), or a change in the controlling law. See Abdi v.

23 McAleenan, 405 F.Supp.3d 467, 479 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) (finding Supreme Court decision

24 issued after certification represented “an intervening change in controlling law warranting

25 the reexamination of this Court's Decision and Order certifying the subclass pursuant to

26 Rule 23.”); Estrella v. Freedom Fin. Network, LLC, No. CV 09-03156 SI, 2012 WL

27 214856, at *5 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 24, 2012) (“’decertification is appropriate in light of changes

28 in the law’ that make it no longer proper for a class to be maintained.”) (citations omitted).

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1 The Court’s denial of Plaintiffs’ request for a preliminary injunction does not fall into

2 either of those categories. Indeed, as Plaintiffs point out, that ruling did not touch on any

3 of the factors relevant to the issue of class certification.

4

Defendants also raise a related but slightly different argument in support of their

5 motion for decertification, namely, that the Court provisionally certified the Subclass for

6 the purpose of issuing the temporary restraining order, and since that order has expired

7 there is no reason to maintain certification. There is some logical appeal to this argument,

8 but it relies on a false premise. Although the issue of class certification was raised in

9 connection with Plaintiffs’ motion for a temporary restraining order, the issuance of that

10 order was not the basis for the Court’s certification decision. Rather, that decision was

11 based on the Court’s separate and independent finding that the requirements for class

12 certification were met. Expiration of the temporary restraining order and denial of the

13 request for a preliminary injunction have not altered that finding, and thus those events,

14 standing alone, do not warrant decertification of the Subclass. Accordingly, Defendants’

15 motion to decertify is denied.

16

II.

17

MOTION TO DISMISS

18

In the motion to dismiss, the Federal Defendants argue Plaintiffs have received all

19 of the relief sought in the Complaint and none of the detainees that have been released

20 will be re-detained, therefore the case is moot. Plaintiffs dispute both of these arguments,

21 and urge the Court to deny the motion.

22

Contrary to Defendants’ first argument, Plaintiffs have not received all of the relief

23 sought in the Complaint. Although Defendants released the majority of the Otay Mesa

24 Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members, they do not dispute that certain members of

25 that Subclass remain at Otay Mesa Detention Center (“OMDC”). And although

26 Defendants did provide Plaintiffs and the Court with certain information regarding the

27 COVID-19 outbreak at OMDC in connection with the briefing on the motion for class

28 certification and motion for a temporary restraining order, the Court has yet to issue “an

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1 order requiring Defendants to provide to Plaintiffs and the Court, at intervals the Court

2 deems proper, information regarding the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak at Otay Mesa[.]”

3 (Compl. at 42.) Accordingly, Defendants’ first argument does not warrant dismissal of

4 Plaintiffs’ case.1

5

To prevail on their second argument, Defendants must satisfy a “stringent”

6 standard. Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167,

7 189 (2000). Specifically, they bear “[t]he ‘heavy burden of persua[ding]’ the court that

8 the challenged conduct cannot reasonably be expected to start up again ….” Id. (quoting

9 United States v. Concentrated Phosphate Export Assn., 393 U.S. 199, 203 (1968)). In an

10 attempt to meet this burden, Defendants submitted a declaration from Jamison

11 Matuszewski, the Deputy Field Office Director of the ICE/ERO San Diego Field Office,

12 who states:

13

None of Petitioners/Plaintiffs and no other detainee who has been released

14

from OMDC or IRDF during the course of this litigation will be re-detained at either of those facilities or at any other facility within the control of San

15

Diego ERO absent a material change in circumstances beyond the

16

government's control, and consistent with CDC guidelines, ICE guidance, and all other applicable laws and court orders.

17

18 (See Decl. of Jamison Matuszewski in Supp. of Mot. ¶3.) Mr. Matuszewski’s statement,

19 however, does not satisfy Defendants’ “heavy burden.” As Plaintiffs point out, Mr.

20 Matuszewski’s statement does not make it “absolutely clear” that Subclass Members will

21

22

23 1 To the extent Defendants argue Plaintiffs’ case is moot in light of the Court’s denial of Plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction, the Court rejects that argument. See
24 Southern Oregon Barter Fair v. Jackson Cty., Ore., 372 F.3d 1128, 1136 (9th Cir. 2004)
25 (“Decisions on preliminary injunctions require the district court to assess the plaintiff's likelihood of success on the merits, not whether the plaintiff has actually succeeded on the
26 merits.”) Defendants also suggest Plaintiffs’ case is moot because the Court declined to
27 certify an Imperial Valley Regional Facility Subclass and the purpose of the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass “has expired.” (Reply at 4.) In light of the Court’s
28 discussion above, the Court rejects this argument also.

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1 not be re-detained under any and all circumstances or outside of the San Diego area. See

2 Friends of the Earth, 528 U.S. at 189 (quoting Concentrated Phosphate, 393 U.S. at 203)

3 (“‘A case might become moot if subsequent events made it absolutely clear that the

4 allegedly wrongful behavior could not reasonably be expected to recur.’”) More

5 importantly, Mr. Matuszewski does not address the allegedly wrongful conduct at issue

6 here, which is not necessarily the continuing detention of civil immigration detainees at

7 OMDC and Imperial Regional Detention Facility (“IRDF”), but rather the general

8 conditions of confinement at those facilities in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

9 Therefore, Mr. Matuszewski’s declaration does not show this case is moot.2 Absent that

10 showing, Defendants’ motion to dismiss is denied.

11

III.

12

CONCLUSION

13

For the reasons set out above, Defendants’ motion to decertify the Otay Mesa

14 Medically Vulnerable Subclass is denied, as is the Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss.

15

IT IS SO ORDERED.

16 Dated: October 19, 2020

17

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23

24

25

26 2 The Court also notes that although the COVID-19 situations at OMDC and IRDF appear
27 to have improved, the wider outbreak is not yet fully contained. Until that happens, there remains a risk of additional outbreaks in these facilities, especially when Defendants have
28 resumed admissions and some of those admissions are testing positive for COVID-19.

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8

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 ADRIAN RODRIGUEZ ALCANTARA;

11

YASMANI OSORIO REYNA; MARIA FLOR CALDERON LOPEZ; MARY

12 DOE; on behalf of themselves and all

13 others similarly situated,

14 v.
15

Plaintiffs-Petitioners,

16

GREGORY ARCHAMBEAULT, San Diego Field Office Director, Immigration

17 and Customs Enforcement; et al.,

Case No.: 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)
ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM ORDER, OR IN THE ALTERNATIVE, FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

18

Defendants-Respondents.

19

20

This case returns to the Court on Plaintiffs’ motion for relief from the Court’s May

21 26, 2020 Order denying Plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction, or in the

22 alternative, for a preliminary injunction to establish a dispute resolution process regarding

23 the Otay Mesa Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members who remain in detention.

24 Defendants filed an opposition to the motion, Plaintiffs filed a reply, and each side filed

25 unsolicited supplemental briefs. After reviewing all of the briefs, the relevant legal

26 authority, and the record in this case, the Court denies the motion.

27 / / /

28 / / /

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1

I.

2

RULE 60(b) MOTION

3

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) provides that a court may relieve a party

4 from a final judgment or order for the following reasons:

5

(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;

6

(2) newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not have

7

been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b);

8

(3) fraud (whether previously called intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation,

9

or misconduct by an opposing party;

10

(4) the judgment is void;

11

12

(5) the judgment has been satisfied, released or discharged; it is based on an earlier judgment that has been reversed or vacated; or applying it

13

prospectively is no longer equitable; or

14

(6) any other reason that justifies relief.

15

16 Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). Plaintiffs proceed under the assumption that the Court’s May 26,

17 2020 Order denying their motion for a preliminary injunction is a “final order” subject to

18 Rule 60(b), but the Ninth Circuit has concluded otherwise. See Prudential Real Estate

19 Affiliates, Inc. v. PPR Realty, Inc., 204 F.3d 867, 880 (9th Cir. 2000) (citations omitted)

20 (stating “preliminary injunction is not a ‘final judgment, order, or proceeding’ that may

21 be addressed by a motion under Rule 60(b).”) Indeed, Plaintiffs relied on the preliminary

22 nature of the Court’s Order to defeat Defendants’ motion to dismiss. (See ECF No. 110

23 at 11) (discussing preliminary nature of Court’s ruling). Thus, absent a showing that the

24 Court’s Order is a “final order” subject to Rule 60(b), Plaintiffs’ request for relief under

25 that Rule is denied.

26 / / /

27 / / /

28 / / /

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1

II.

2

MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

3

As an alternative to relief under Rule 60(b), Plaintiffs move the Court for a

4 preliminary injunction to establish a dispute resolution process for the thirty Otay Mesa

5 Medically Vulnerable Subclass Members who remain in detention. Specifically,

6 Plaintiffs request that the Court allow them to file release applications for these Subclass

7 Members with the Court, as they would a motion, and have the Court rule on those

8 applications. In support of this request, Plaintiffs argue the conditions at Otay Mesa have

9 changed since the Court denied their request for a preliminary injunction, and the current

10 conditions warrant the grant of this relief. Defendants acknowledge that conditions have

11 changed, but they maintain that even under the current conditions, Plaintiffs have not

12 shown a likelihood of success on the merits.

13

The Court agrees with Defendants. Plaintiffs’ request for a preliminary injunction

14 is based on two assertions, neither of which demonstrates a likelihood of success on the

15 merits of their claim. First, Plaintiffs claim Otay Mesa has resumed accepting new

16 admissions, including individuals who have tested positive for COVID-19. Defendants

17 do not dispute this, but the resumption of new admissions, standing alone, does not

18 demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits. This is especially so considering the

19 precautions that are being taken with respect to those new admissions. Specifically,

20 Warden LaRose states that all new ICE admissions are tested for COVID-19 and

21 quarantined for fourteen days for observation. (See Decl. of Warden LaRose in Supp. of

22 Opp’n to Mot., ¶14.) If any of them test positive, they are then quarantined in the Medical

23 Unit until recovered. (Id.)

24

Plaintiffs’ second assertion, namely that these new admissions, including those

25 who test positive for COVID-19, are being housed with members of the Medically

26 Vulnerable Subclass, is more concerning, but given the evidence set out above and

27 elsewhere in Warden LaRose’s Declarations, it is unclear whether that is actually

28 happening. Indeed, Plaintiffs point to only one member of the Medically Vulnerable

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1 Subclass who was being housed in the same pod as new admissions, (see Reply at 7), but

2 according to Warden LaRose, that individual “is never out of his cell at the same time as

3 the quarantined detainees—whether for recreation, showers, or any other purpose.”

4 (Decl. of Warden LaRose in Supp. of Defs.’ Notice of Supp. Facts, ¶26.) Warden LaRose

5 goes on to state that although this individual “uses the same recreation enclosures,

6 showers, and telephones as the detainees under intake quarantine, they never use those

7 facilities at the same time, and the enclosures, showers, and telephones are regularly

8 cleaned and disinfected pursuant to the facility’s COVID-19 protocols.” (Id.) Most

9 importantly, there is no evidence that any of the new admissions who were housed with

10 this individual tested positive for COVID-19.

11

In light of the above, Plaintiffs have not shown a likelihood of success on the merits

12 of their claim sufficient to warrant preliminary injunctive relief. Absent that showing, the

13 Court declines to address the three remaining factors. Martin v. Int’l Olympic Comm.,

14 740 F.2d 670, 675 (9th Cir. 1984).

15

III.

16

CONCLUSION

17

For the reasons set out above, Plaintiffs’ motion for relief from the Court’s May

18 26, 2020 order denying their motion for a preliminary injunction, or in the alternative, for

19 a preliminary injunction to establish a dispute resolution process for the Medically

20 Vulnerable Subclass Members who remain in detention is denied.

21

IT IS SO ORDERED.

22 Dated: November 12, 2020

23

24

25

26

27

28

4 20cv0756 DMS (AHG)