Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 1 of 38
APPEAL,CASREF,STANDARD
United States District Court Eastern District of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) CIVIL DOCKET FOR CASE #: 2:17−cv−03894−MMB

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA v. SESSIONS Assigned to: HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Referred to: MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE Case in other court: USCA, 18−01103
USCA, 18−02648 Cause: 05:702 Administrative Procedure Act
Plaintiff

Date Filed: 08/30/2017 Jury Demand: None Nature of Suit: 899 Other Statutes: Administrative Procedures Act/Review or Appeal of Agency Decision Jurisdiction: U.S. Government Defendant

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

represented by KIRTI DATLA HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 13TH STREET NW WASHINGTON, DC 20004 202−637−6583 Email: kirti.datla@hoganlovells.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

REEDY C. SWANSON HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 13TH STREET NW WASHINGTON, DC 20004 202−637−5764 Email: reedy.swanson@hoganlovells.com TERMINATED: 07/09/2018 LEAD ATTORNEY

VIRGINIA A. GIBSON HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 MARKET STREET 23RD FLOOR PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 267−675−4635 Email: virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

ALEXANDER B. BOWERMAN HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 MARKET ST 23RD FL PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 267−675−4664 Email: alexander.bowerman@hoganlovells.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

DANIEL J.T. SCHUKER HOGANLOVELLS US LLP 555 − 13TH ST NW WASHINGTON, DC 20004 202−637−5854 Email: daniel.schuker@hoganlovells.com TERMINATED: 03/12/2018

JASMEET K. AHUJA HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 MARKET ST 23RD FL PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 267−675−4600

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Email: jasmeet.ahuja@hoganlovells.com TERMINATED: 03/14/2019
JUDY LEE LEONE DECHERT LLP 2929 ARCH ST PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 215−994−2979 Fax: 215−655−2979 Email: judy.leone@dechert.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
LEWIS ROSMAN CITY OF PHILA LAW DEPT ONE PARKWAY BLDG 1515 ARCH ST., 17TH FL PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102−1595 215−683−5009 Email: lewis.rosman@phila.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
MARCEL S. PRATT City of Philadelphia Law Department Chair, Litigation Group 1515 Arch Street, 17th Floor PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 215−683−5038 Email: marcel.pratt@phila.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
NEAL KUMAR KATYAL HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 THIRTEENTH ST NW WASHINGTON, DC 20004 202−637−5600 Email: neal.katyal@hoganlovells.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
ROBERT C. HEIM DECHERT 2929 ARCH ST CIRA CENTRE PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104−2808 215−994−4000 Fax: 215−994−2222 Email: robert.heim@dechert.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
SARA A. SOLOW HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 MARKET STREET 23rd Floor PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 267−675−4654 Email: sara.solow@hoganlovells.com TERMINATED: 01/08/2019
SOZI PEDRO TULANTE DECHERT LLP 2929 ARCH ST CIRA CENTRE PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 215−994−2450 Fax: 215−994−2222 Email: sozi.tulante@dechert.com

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TERMINATED: 03/12/2018
WILL W. SACHSE DECHERT, PRICE & RHOADS CIRA CENTRE 2929 ARCH STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 215−994−4000 Email: will.sachse@dechert.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

V.
Defendant
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

represented by BRAD P. ROSENBERG U.S DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CIVIL DIVISION, FEDERAL PROGRAMS BRANCH 1100 L Street, N.W. WASHINGTON, DC 20005 202−514−3374 Email: brad.rosenberg@usdoj.gov LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
DANIEL SCHWEI U.S. DEPT OF JUSTICE 20 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW ROOM 7340 WASHINGTON, DC 20001 202−305−8693 Email: daniel.s.schwei@usdoj.gov LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
RACHAEL LYNN WESTMORELAND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 20 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW WASHINGTON, DC 20530 202−514−1280 Email: rachael.westmoreland@usdoj.gov LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
ANTHONY ST. JOSEPH U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE 615 CHESTNUT STREET SUITE 1250 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 215−861−8267 Email: anthony.stjoseph@usdoj.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
ARJUN GARG U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 20 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW WASHINGTON, DC 20530 202−305−8613 Email: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov TERMINATED: 04/17/2018
CHAD A. READLER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 950 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE NW

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WASHINGTON, DC 20530 202−514−7830 Email: chad.a.readler@usdoj.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JAMES H. PERCIVAL , II DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 950 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, NW RFK MAIN JUSTICE BLDG. 5718 WASHINGTON, DC 20530 202−616−1589 Fax: 202−514−0238 Email: james.percival@usdoj.gov TERMINATED: 02/26/2019

V. Movant CITY OF CHICAGO (IL)
Movant CITY OF ITHACA (NY)

represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO BALLARD SPAHR LLP 1735 MARKET ST 51ST FL PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 215−665−8500 Email: mckeevassalloe@ballardspahr.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN BALLARD SPAHR ANDREWS & INGERSOLL 1735 MARKET STREET 51ST FLOOR PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 215−864−8266 Email: leckermanj@ballardspahr.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN BALLARD SPAHR ANDREWS & INGERSOLL LLP 1735 MARKET ST 51ST FL PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 215−864−8226 Email: gruganj@ballardspahr.com LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY

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Movant COOK COUNTY (IL)
Movant CITY OF BOULDER (CO)
Movant CITY OF BURLINGTON (VT)
Movant CITY OF SEATTLE (WA)

ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 6 of 38

Movant CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS (MN)
Movant CITY OF MADISON (WI)
Movant CITY OF LOS ANGELES (CA)
Movant CITY OF NASHVILLE (TN)

(See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 7 of 38

Movant CITY OF DAYTON (OH)
Movant CITY OF ROCHESTER (NY)
Movant CITY OF NEW ROCHELLE (NY)
Movant SANTA CLARA COUNTY CA

JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address)

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 8 of 38

Movant CITY OF PORTLAND (OR)
Movant CITY OF SOMERVILLE (MA)
Movant CITY OF OAKLAND (CA)
Movant CITY OF CHELSEA (MA)

LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 9 of 38

Movant CITY OF DAVIS (CA)
Movant CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER (CO)
Amicus COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA

JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by KAVITA NARAYAN OFFICE OF THE COUNTY COUNSEL COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA 70 W HEDDING ST EAST WING 9TH FL SAN JOSE, CA 95110 408−299−5927 Email: kavita.narayan@cco.sccgov.org LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 10 of 38

Amicus SOCIAL AND LEGAL SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS
Amicus ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS

(See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
LAURA S. TRICE OFFICE OF THE COUNTY COUNSEL, COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA 70 W. HEDDING STREET, EAST WING, 9TH FLOOR SAN JOSE, CA 95110 408−299−5900 Email: laura.trice@cco.sccgov.org ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by ILANA H. EISENSTEIN DLA PIPER LLP (US) 1650 MARKET STREET, SUITE 4900 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 215−656−3351 Email: ilana.eisenstein@dlapiper.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
KRISTINA NEFF BURLAND DLA PIPER LLP 1650 MARKET ST SUITE 4900 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 215−656−2426 Email: kristina.neff@dlapiper.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
MARK ALLEN KASTEN BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC TWO LIBERTY PLACE 50 S. 16TH ST., SUITE 3200 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 215−665−3947 Email: mark.kasten@bipc.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by HARRY SANDICK PATTERSON BELKNAP WEBB & TYLER LLP 1133 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS NEW YORK, NY 10036 212−336−2723 Email: hsandick@pbwt.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
IRA NEIL RICHARDS SCHNADER HARRISON SEGAL & LEWIS LLP 1600 MARKET STREET SUITE 3600 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 215−751−2503 Fax: 215−751−2205 Email: irichards@schnader.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JAMISON DAVIES PATTERSON BELKNAP WEBB & TYLER LLP

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Amicus THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK
Amicus THE CITY OF MADISON, WISCONSIN
Amicus THE CITY OF SOMERVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS
Amicus THE CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Amicus THE CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Amicus THE INTERNATIONAL CITY/COUNTY MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Amicus THE CITY OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON

1133 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS NEW YORK, NY 10036 212−336−2455 ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ PATTERSON BELKNAP WEBB & TYLER LLP 1133 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS NEW YORK, NY 10036 212−336−2252 Email: mschwartz@pbwt.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address)

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Amicus THE CITY OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA
Amicus THE COUNTY OF SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA
Amicus THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS
Amicus THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA
Amicus THE CITY OF AUSTIN, TEXAS
Amicus THE CITY OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK
Amicus THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
Amicus THE CITY OF WEST HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA

LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JASON A. LECKERMAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

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Amicus THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES
Amicus THE CITY OF PORTLAND, OREGON
Amicus THE METROPOLITAN AREA PLANNING COUNCIL
Amicus THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
Amicus KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON
Amicus COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS
Amicus THE CITY OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS
Amicus THE CITY OF IOWA CITY, IOWA
Amicus THE INTERNATIONAL MUNICIPAL LAWYERS ASSOCIATION
Amicus THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY

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Amicus THE CITY OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND Amicus THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Amicus THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, COLORADO Amicus AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION
Amicus AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF PENNSYLVANIA Amicus NATIONAL IMMIGRANT JUSTICE CENTER

ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
KARL A. RACINE ATTORNEY GENERAL DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1015 HALF ST SE SUITE 750 WASHINGTON, DC 20003−4735 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER GILDA L KRAMER & ASSOCIATES LLC 822 Montgomery Ave. Suite 314 Narberth, PA 19072 215−732−4055 Fax: 215−732−2736 Email: gkramer@gildakramer.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JOHN C. GRUGAN (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by MOLLY M. TACK−HOOPER ACLU OF PENNSYLVANIA PO BOX 60173 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 215−592−1513 Email: mtack−hooper@aclupa.org LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by MOLLY M. TACK−HOOPER (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by MOLLY M. TACK−HOOPER (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

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Amicus ASIAN−AMERICANS ADVANCING JUSTICE − ASIAN LAW CAUCUS Amicus NORTHWEST IMMIGRANT RIGHTS PROJECT Amicus THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Amicus THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
Amicus THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT
Amicus

represented by MOLLY M. TACK−HOOPER (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by MOLLY M. TACK−HOOPER (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by CAROLINE A. OLSEN OFFICE OF THE NY ATTY GENERAL 120 BROADWAY 25TH FL NEW YORK, NY 10271 212−416−6184 Email: caroline.olsen@ag.ny.gov ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
JAMES T. WALTHER GILDA L. KRAMER & ASSOCIATES LLC 1528 WALNUT ST SUITE 501 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 215−732−4055 Email: jwalther@gildakramer.com ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by XAVIER BECERRA ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF CALIFORNIA 1300 I STREET SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by GEORGE JEPSEN ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF CONNECTICUT 55 ELM STREET HARTFORD, CT 06106 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

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THE STATE OF DELAWARE
Amicus THE STATE OF HAWAII
Amicus THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
Amicus THE STATE OF IOWA
Amicus THE STATE OF MAINE

represented by MATTHEW P. DENN ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF DELAWARE CARVEL STATE BLDG 6TH FL 820 N FRENCH ST WILMINGTON, DE 19801 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by RUSSELL A. SUZUKI ACTING ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF HAWAII 425 QUEEN ST HONOLULU, HI 96813 808−586−1292 Email: russell.a.suzuki@hawaii.gov LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by LISA MADIGAN ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF ILLINOIS 100 W. RANDOLPH ST 12TH FL CHICAGO, IL 60601 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by THOMAS J. MILLER ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF IOWA 1305 E WALNUT ST DES MOINES, IA 50319 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by JANET T. MILLS ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF MAINE 6 STATE HOUSE STATION AUGUSTA, ME 04333 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 17 of 38

Amicus THE STATE OF MARYLAND
Amicus THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS
Amicus THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY
Amicus THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
Amicus THE STATE OF OREGON

GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by BRIAN E. FROSH ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF MARYLAND 200 SAINT PAUL PLACE BALTIMORE, MD 21202 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by MAURA HEALEY ATTORNEY GENERAL COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS ONE ASHBURTON PLACE BOSTON, MA 02108 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by GURBIR S. GREWAL ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF NEW JERSEY R J HUGHES JUSTICE COMPLEX 25 MARKET ST TRENTON, NJ 08625 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by HECTOR BALDERAS ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF NEW MEXICO 408 GALISTEO STREET SANTA FE, NM 87501 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by ELLEN F. ROSENBLUM ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 18 of 38

Amicus THE STATE OF VERMONT
Amicus THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

OREGON 1162 COURT STREET NE SALEM, OR 97301 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by THOMAS J. DONOVAN , JR. ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF VERMONT 109 STATE ST MONTPELIER, VT 05609 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by BOB FERGUSON ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF WASHINGTON 800 FIFTH AVE SUITE 2000 SEATTLE, WA 98104 LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
GILDA L. KRAMER (See above for address) ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Date Filed 08/30/2017
08/30/2017 08/30/2017 08/30/2017 08/30/2017 08/31/2017 09/05/2017

# Docket Text
1 COMPLAINT against JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III ( Filing fee $ 400 receipt number 164834.), filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. (Attachments: # 1 Ex 1, # 2 Ex 2, # 3 Ex 3, # 4 Ex 4, # 5 Ex 5, # 6 Ex 6, # 7 Ex 7, # 8 Ex 8, # 9 Ex 9, # 10 Ex 10, # 11 Ex 11, # 12 Ex 12, # 13 Ex 13, # 14 Ex 14, # 15 Ex 15, # 16 Ex 16, # 17 Civil Cover Sheets)(tj, ) (Entered: 08/30/2017)
Summons 3 Issued as to JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III, 1− U.S. Attorney and 1−U.S. Attorney General Forwarded To: Counsel on 8/30/17 (tj, ) (Entered: 08/30/2017)
2 NOTICE of Appearance by JASMEET AHUJA on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service(AHUJA, JASMEET) (Entered: 08/30/2017)
3 NOTICE of Appearance by SARA A. SOLOW on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service(SOLOW, SARA) (Entered: 08/30/2017)
4 NOTICE of Appearance by ALEXANDER B. BOWERMAN on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service(BOWERMAN, ALEXANDER) (Entered: 08/30/2017)
5 Acceptance of Service by U.S. Attorney Re: accepted summons and complaint on behalf of the United States Attorney (only). (amas) (Entered: 09/01/2017)
6 NOTICE of Appearance by WILL W. SACHSE on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 19 of 38

09/05/2017 09/05/2017 09/05/2017 09/06/2017 09/07/2017 09/07/2017
09/07/2017 09/08/2017 09/12/2017 09/12/2017 09/12/2017
09/13/2017 09/27/2017 09/28/2017
09/28/2017

Service)(SACHSE, WILL) (Entered: 09/05/2017)
7 NOTICE of Appearance by ROBERT C. HEIM on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(HEIM, ROBERT) (Entered: 09/05/2017)
8 NOTICE of Appearance by JUDY LEE LEONE on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(LEONE, JUDY) (Entered: 09/05/2017)
9 ORDER THAT A PRETRIAL CONFERENCE TO DISCUSS CASE MANAGEMENT ISSUES ON 9/12/17 AT 1:30 P.M.; ETC.. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 9/5/17. 9/5/17 ENTERED AND E−MAILED.(jl, ) (Entered: 09/05/2017)
10 AFFIDAVIT re Summons Issued as to USA by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 09/06/2017)
11 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice of Neal Katyal ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12308632.) filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service.(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 09/07/2017)
12 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF NEAL KATYAL, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 9/7/17.9/7/17 ENTERED AND ECF APPLICATION & COPIES MAILED, MAILED TO UNREP AND E−MAILED.(ti, ) Modified on 9/7/2017 (ti, ). (Entered: 09/07/2017)
13 AFFIDAVIT re Summons Issued as to USA U.S. Attorney of Eastern District of Pennsylvania by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 09/07/2017)
14 NOTICE of Appearance by ARJUN GARG on behalf of JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III with Certificate of Service(GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 09/08/2017)
15 NOTICE of Appearance by MARCEL S. PRATT on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service(PRATT, MARCEL) (Entered: 09/12/2017)
16 NOTICE of Appearance by LEWIS ROSMAN on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA with Certificate of Service(ROSMAN, LEWIS) (Entered: 09/12/2017)
17 ORDER THAT THE DEFENDANT SHALL ANSWER, PLEAD OR OTHERWISE MOVE IN RESPONSE TO COMPLAINT NO LATER THAN 10/13/2017. IF A RULE 12 MOTION IS FILED, PLAINTIFF SHALL FILE ITS RESPONSE BY 10/27/2017 AND THE DEFENDANT MAY FILE A REPLY BRIEF BY 11/3/2017. ORAL ARGUMENT IS SET FOR 11/9/2017, AT 10:00 AM IN COURTROOM 3A, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 9/12/17. 9/12/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 09/12/2017)
18 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Pretrial Conference held on 9/12/17 Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) (Entered: 09/13/2017)
19 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice of Daniel J.T. Schuker ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12354770.) filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service.(SOLOW, SARA) (Entered: 09/27/2017)
20 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF DANIEL J.T. SCHUKER, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 9/27/17.9/28/17 ENTERED AND ECF APPLICATION & COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 09/28/2017)
21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Memorandum, Declaration, Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum, # 2 Text of Proposed Order, # 3 Exhibit A, # 4 Exhibit B, # 5 Exhibit

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 20 of 38

09/28/2017
09/28/2017
09/28/2017 09/29/2017 09/29/2017
10/06/2017 10/12/2017 10/16/2017 10/17/2017
10/17/2017 10/17/2017 10/17/2017 10/18/2017

C, # 6 Exhibit D, # 7 Exhibit E−1, # 8 Exhibit E−2, # 9 Exhibit E−3, # 10 Exhibit E−4, # 11 Exhibit F)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 09/28/2017)
22 NOTICE of Hearing: TELEPHONE CONFERENCE SET FOR 9/29/2017 11:00 AM BEFORE HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON. COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF SHALL INITIATE THIS TELEPHONE CONFERENCE AND ONCE ALL COUNSEL ARE ON THE LINE, CALL CHAMBERS AT 267−299−7520.(lds, ) (Entered: 09/28/2017)
23 AMENDED (time now stated) NOTICE of Hearing: TELEPHONE CONFERENCE SET FOR 9/29/2017 11:00 AM BEFORE HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON. COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF SHALL INITIATE THIS TELEPHONE CONFERENCE AND WHEN ALL COUNSEL ARE ON THE LINE, CALL CHAMBERS AT 267−299−7520.(lds, ) (Entered: 09/28/2017)
24 NOTICE of Appearance by ANTHONY ST. JOSEPH on behalf of JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III with Certificate of Service(ST. JOSEPH, ANTHONY) (Entered: 09/28/2017)
25 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Telephone Conference held on 9/29/17 (ti, ) (Entered: 09/29/2017)
26 SCHEDULING ORDER NO. 2 THAT THE DATES SET FORTH IN THE COURT'S ORDER OF 9/12/2017, FOR RESPONSES TO THE COMPLAINT WILL BE STAYED. DEFENDANT WILL FILE A RESPONSE TO THE MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION, TOGETHER WITH ANY DECLARATIONS AND/OR SUPPORTING EXHIBITS BY 10/12/2017. ORAL ARGUMENT WILL TAKE PLACE ON 10/26/2017, AT 10:00 AM IN COURTROOM 3A. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 9/29/17. 9/29/17 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) Modified on 9/29/2017 (ti, ). (Entered: 09/29/2017)
27 ORDER THAT ANY AMICUS BRIEF ON THE PENDING 21 MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION SHALL BE FILED NO LATER THAN 10/19/2017. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 10/6/17. 10/6/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 10/06/2017)
28 MEMORANDUM in Opposition re 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Alan R. Hanson, # 2 Declaration of Jim Brown, # 3 Text of Proposed Order)(GARG, ARJUN) Modified on 10/13/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/12/2017)
29 NOTICE of Appearance by SOZI PEDRO TULANTE on behalf of THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA (TULANTE, SOZI) (Entered: 10/16/2017)
30 ORDER THATTHE COURT WILL GRANT THE REQUEST OF PLAINTIFF TO PRESENT LIVE TESTIMONY AT THE HEARING ON 10/26/2017. THE HEARING ON 10/26/2017, WILL START AT 9:15 AM THROUGH 3:30 PM. FRIDAY, 10/27/2017, WILL BE AVAILABLE, IF NECESSARY. THE COURT WILL SCHEDULE ORAL ARGUMENT ON ISSUES RELEVANT ON THE CITY'S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION ON 11/2/2017, AT 10:00 AM IN COURTROOM 3A, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 10/17/17. 10/17/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 10/17/2017)
31 Letter Request dated 10/13/2017 from Virginia A. Gibson re: Testimonial Evidence in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction (ti, ) (Entered: 10/18/2017)
32 Letter Request dated 10/16/2017 from Arjun Garg re: Witness Testimony (ti, ) (Entered: 10/18/2017)
33 Letter Response dated 10/17/2017 from Virginia A. Gibson (ti, ) (Entered: 10/18/2017)
34 NOTICE of Appearance by JASON A. LECKERMAN on behalf of COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA with Certificate of Service(LECKERMAN, JASON) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/18/2017)

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 21 of 38

10/18/2017 10/18/2017 10/18/2017 10/18/2017 10/18/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017

35 NOTICE of Appearance by JOHN C. GRUGAN on behalf of COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA with Certificate of Service(GRUGAN, JOHN) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/18/2017)
36 NOTICE of Appearance by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO on behalf of COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA with Certificate of Service(MCKEE VASSALLO, EMILIA) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/18/2017)
37 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice of Laura S. Trice filed by COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA.Certificate of Service.(MCKEE VASSALLO, EMILIA) *SEE DOC. 38 FOR RE−FILED MOTION* Modified on 10/19/2017 (lisad, ). Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/18/2017)
38 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice for Laura S. Trice ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12399720.) filed by COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA..(MCKEE VASSALLO, EMILIA) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/18/2017)
39 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice for Kavita Narayan, MOTION for Pro Hac Vice for Kavita Narayan ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12399758.) filed by COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA.Certificate of Service.(MCKEE VASSALLO, EMILIA) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/18/2017)
40 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF KAVITA NARAYAN, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 10/19/17. 10/19/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
41 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF LAURA S. TRICE, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 10/19/17.10/19/17 ENTERED AND ECF APPLICATION & COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 10/19/2017)
42 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12402610.) filed by ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS, Certificate of Service.(RICHARDS, IRA) Modified on 10/19/2017 (nd, ). Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
43 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice Jamison Davies ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12402757.) filed by ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS, Certificate of Service.(RICHARDS, IRA) Modified on 10/19/2017 (nd, ). Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
44 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice Michael Schwartz ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12402799.) filed by ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS .Certificate of Service.(RICHARDS, IRA) Modified on 10/19/2017 (nd, ). Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
45 BRIEF in Support 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction by COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA, THE CITY OF AUSTIN, TEXAS , THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS , THE CITY OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS , THE CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS , COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS , THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, COLORADO , THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA , THE INTERNATIONAL CITY/COUNTY MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION , THE INTERNATIONAL MUNICIPAL LAWYERS ASSOCIATION , THE CITY OF IOWA CITY, IOWA , KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON , THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY OF MADISON, WISCONSIN , THE METROPOLITAN AREA PLANNING COUNCIL , THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES , THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK , THE CITY OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA , THE CITY OF PORTLAND, OREGON , THE CITY OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND , THE CITY OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK , THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA , THE COUNTY OF SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON , THE CITY OF SOMERVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS , THE

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 22 of 38

10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017 10/19/2017
10/20/2017
10/20/2017

UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS and THE CITY OF WEST HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK , THE CITY OF MADISON, WISCONSIN , THE CITY OF SOMERVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS , THE CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS , THE INTERNATIONAL CITY/COUNTY MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION , THE CITY OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON , THE CITY OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA , THE COUNTY OF SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA , THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS , THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY OF AUSTIN, TEXAS , THE CITY OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK , THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS , THE CITY OF WEST HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA , THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES , THE CITY OF PORTLAND, OREGON , THE METROPOLITAN AREA PLANNING COUNCIL , THE CITY OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA , KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON , COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS , THE CITY OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS , THE CITY OF IOWA CITY, IOWA , THE INTERNATIONAL MUNICIPAL LAWYERS ASSOCIATION , THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA , THE CITY OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND , THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, COLORADO. (GRUGAN, JOHN) Modified on 10/19/2017 (amas). Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
46 REPLY in Support re 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
47 NOTICE of Appearance by MARK ALLEN KASTEN on behalf of SOCIAL AND LEGAL SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(KASTEN, MARK) (Entered: 10/19/2017)
48 NOTICE of Appearance by KRISTINA NEFF on behalf of SOCIAL AND LEGAL SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(NEFF, KRISTINA) (Entered: 10/19/2017)
49 BRIEF in Support re 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by SOCIAL AND LEGAL SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS. Certificate of Service.(KASTEN, MARK) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
50 MOTION to File Amicus Brief filed by ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum, # 2 Exhibit Proposed Brief, # 3 Text of Proposed Order)(RICHARDS, IRA) Modified on 10/20/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/19/2017)
51 NOTICE of Appearance by ILANA H. EISENSTEIN on behalf of SOCIAL AND LEGAL SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS with Certificate of Service(ti, ) (Main Document 51 replaced on 10/20/2017) (ti, ). (Entered: 10/20/2017)
52 NOTICE OF APPEARANCE, MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION together with Certificate of Service filed by AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF PENNSYLVANIA, ASIAN−AMERICANS ADVANCING JUSTICE − ASIAN LAW CAUCUS, NATIONAL IMMIGRANT JUSTICE CENTER, NORTHWEST IMMIGRANT RIGHTS PROJECT. (Attachments: # 1 Brief of Amici Curiae)(ti, ) (Attachment 1 replaced on 10/20/2017) (ti, ). Modified on 10/23/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/20/2017)
53 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF JAMISON DAVIES, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 10/19/17. 10/20/17 ENTERED AND ECF APPLICATION & COPIES MAILED AND E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Main Document 53 replaced on 10/20/2017) (ti, ). (Entered: 10/20/2017)
54 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF HARRY SANDICK, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 23 of 38

10/20/2017
10/20/2017
10/20/2017 10/20/2017 10/24/2017 10/26/2017
10/26/2017 10/27/2017 10/31/2017 11/01/2017 11/01/2017 11/02/2017 11/03/2017 11/06/2017

PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 10/19/17.10/20/17 ENTERED AND ECF APPLICATION & COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Main Document 54 replaced on 10/20/2017) (ti, ). (Entered: 10/20/2017)
55 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 10/19/17.10/20/17 ENTERED AND ECF APPLICATION & COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 10/20/2017)
56 TRANSCRIPT of Pretrial Conference held on September 12, 2017, before Judge Michael M. Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber Lawrence Court Transcription. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 11/13/2017. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 11/20/2017. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 1/18/2018. (ti, ) (Entered: 10/20/2017)
57 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 56 Transcript − PDF,, 10/20/17 Entered and Copies Emailed and Mailed. (ti, ) (Entered: 10/20/2017)
58 NOTICE in Response by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA re 30 Order,, Set Motion and R&R Deadlines/Hearings, . Certificate of Service. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 10/23/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 10/20/2017)
59 NOTICE by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III Regarding October 26, 2017 Hearing (GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 10/24/2017)
60 NOTICE of Hearing on Motion 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction :MOTION HEARING SET FOR 11/2/2017 09:30 AM IN COURTROOM 3A BEFORE HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON.ALSO, PLEASE NOTE, PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT ON THE SECTION 1373 ISSUE ARE DUE FOR FILING NO LATER THAN 11/1/2017 12:00 NOON.(lds, ) (Entered: 10/26/2017)
62 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON: Evidentiary Hearing held on 10/26/2017 re 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA; Court Reporter: ESR. (aeg) (Entered: 10/27/2017)
61 NOTICE by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA of Response to Department of Justice (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Letter Attachment)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 10/27/2017)
63 NOTICE of Appearance by CHAD A. READLER on behalf of JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III (READLER, CHAD) (Entered: 10/31/2017)
64 Proposed Findings of Fact Regarding Section 1373 Issue by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service (GARG, ARJUN) Modified on 11/2/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 11/01/2017)
65 Proposed Findings of Fact in Support re 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Transcript Attachment)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 11/2/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 11/01/2017)
66 Audio File 9:15 10/26/2017, regarding HEARING held on 10/26/2017, before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON (pk, ) (Entered: 11/02/2017)
67 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Oral Argument held on 11/2/17 Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) (Entered: 11/03/2017)
68 TRANSCRIPT of Evidentiary Hearing held on 10/26/17, before Judge Michael M. Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQUUM Legal Transcription. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 11/27/2017. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 12/7/2017. Release of Transcript Restriction set

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 24 of 38

11/06/2017 11/09/2017 11/09/2017 11/13/2017
11/13/2017 11/15/2017 11/15/2017
11/15/2017 11/15/2017 11/15/2017
11/21/2017 12/04/2017

for 2/4/2018. (ti, ) (Entered: 11/06/2017)
69 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 68 Transcript − PDF,, 11/6/17 Entered and Copies Emailed and Mailed. (ti, ) (Entered: 11/06/2017)
70 Supplemental BRIEF in Opposition re 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service. (GARG, ARJUN) Modified on 11/13/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 11/09/2017)
71 Supplemental BRIEF in Support re 21 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 11/13/2017 (lisad, ). (Entered: 11/09/2017)
72 TRANSCRIPT of ORAL ARGUMENT held on 11/2/2017, before Judge MICHAEL M. BAYLSON. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQUUM LEGAL TRANSCRIPTION SERVICES. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER.. Redaction Request due 12/4/2017. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 12/14/2017. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 2/11/2018. (sg, ) (Entered: 11/13/2017)
73 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 72 Transcript − PDF,, 11/13/2017 Entered and Copies Emailed. (sg, ) (Entered: 11/13/2017)
74 MEMORANDUM AND/OR OPINION SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 11/15/17. 11/15/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 11/15/2017)
75 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF THE MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION FILED BY PLAINTIFF CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT PHILADELPHIA'S MOTION IS GRANTED. IT IS ORDERED THAT DEFENDANT AND HIS ASSISTANTS, DEPUTIES, AGENTS, DESIGNEES, AND SUBORDINATES, AS WELL AS ANY PERSON ACTING IN CONCERT OR PARTICIPATION WITH THEM, ARE ENJOINED FROM REJECTING PHILADELPHIA'S FY 2017 APPLICATION FOR BYRNE JAG FUNDING OR WITHHOLDING ANY FY 2017 BYRNE JAG FUNDING FROM PHILADELPHIA BASED ON PHILADELPHIA'S CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH 8 U.S.C. 1373, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 11/15/17. 11/15/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 11/15/2017)
76 ORDER THAT THE COURT GRANTS THE MOTIONS FOR LEAVE TO FILE AMICUS BRIEFS ECF 50 , ECF 52 . SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 11/15/17.11/16/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 11/16/2017)
77 Brief Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff's MOTION for a Preliminary Injunction, together with Certificate of Service filed by ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS. (ti, ) (Entered: 11/16/2017)
78 Brief of Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff's MOTION for Preliminary Injunction, together with Certificate of Service filed by AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF PENNSYLVANIA, ASIAN−AMERICANS ADVANCING JUSTICE − ASIAN LAW CAUCUS, NATIONAL IMMIGRANT JUSTICE CENTER, NORTHWEST IMMIGRANT RIGHTS PROJECT. (ti, ) (Entered: 11/16/2017)
79 ORDER THAT PRETRIAL CONFERENCE SET FOR 12/13/2017 10:00 AM IN JUDGE CHAMBERS BEFORE HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 11/21/17. 11/21/17 ENTERED AND COPIES EMAILED TO COUNSEL.(jaa, ) (Entered: 11/21/2017)
80 NOTICE of Hearing (NEW DATE): RULE 16 PRETRIAL CONFERENCE SET FOR 12/20/2017 10:00 AM IN COURTROOM 3A BEFORE HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON. *DATE CHANGED FROM 12/13/17 (SEE PRETRIAL ORDER DATED 11/21/17).*(lds, ) (Entered: 12/04/2017)

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12/18/2017 12/21/2017 12/22/2017
01/08/2018 01/12/2018 01/16/2018 01/18/2018 01/18/2018
01/18/2018 01/19/2018 01/19/2018 01/19/2018 01/19/2018 01/22/2018 01/22/2018

81 Proposed Case Management Plan by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. (GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 12/18/2017)
82 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON RULE 16 HEARING held on 12/20/17. Court Reporter: ESR. (jl, ) (Entered: 12/21/2017)
83 SCHEDULING ORDER THAT THE COURT WILL HOLD A PRETRIAL CONFERENCE IN THIS CASE ON 1/24/2018 AT 10:00 AM TO DISCUSS DISCOVERY AND ANY OTHER PRETRIAL MATTERS. THE CITY SHALL FILE AN AMENDED COMPLAINT AS OF 1/5/2018, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 12/21/17. 12/22/17 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 12/22/2017)
84 AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY, INJUNCTIVE, AND MANDAMUS RELIEF against JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III, filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.(ti, ) (Entered: 01/09/2018)
85 MOTION to Withdraw the Appearance of Daniel J.T. Schuker as Counsel filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA..(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 01/12/2018)
86 NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 75 Order (Memorandum and/or Opinion),, 74 Memorandum and/or Opinion by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. NO FILING FEE REQUIRED. Copies to Judge, Clerk USCA, Appeals Clerk. Certificate of Service. (GARG, ARJUN) Modified on 1/16/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 01/16/2018)
87 AFFIDAVIT OF HONORABLE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE. SIGNED BY MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE ON 1/18/18. 1/18/18 ENTERED AND COPIES EMAILED TO COUNSEL.(jaa, ) (Entered: 01/18/2018)
88 ORDER THAT THE COURT HAVING ADVISED THE PARTIES OF THE INTENTION TO APPOINT A MASTER, AND COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS HAVING PROPOSED MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE FOR THIS POSITION, AND THE COURT HAVING ASCERTAINED THAT JUDGE STRAWBRIDGE IS AVAILABLE, THE COURT APPOINTS THE HONORABLE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE AS MASTER IN THIS CASE AS OUTLINED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 1/18/18. Motions referred to DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE. 1/18/18 ENTERED AND COPIES EMAILED TO COUNSEL.(jaa, ) (Entered: 01/18/2018)
90 NOTICE of Docketing Record on Appeal from USCA re 86 Notice of Appeal, filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. USCA Case Number 18−1103 (dmc, ) (Entered: 01/19/2018)
89 NOTICE of Hearing: STATUS CONFERENCE VIA TELEPHONE SET FOR 1/22/2018 09:30 AM BEFORE MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE. COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF IS DIRECTED TO INITIATE THE CALL. (CHAMBERS PH. 267−299−7790)(dp, ) (Entered: 01/19/2018)
91 AMENDED NOTICE of Hearing: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE SET FOR 1/22/2018 AT 09:30 AM BEFORE MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE. (va, ) (Entered: 01/19/2018)
92 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 84 Amended Complaint (Unopposed) filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Certificate of Counsel and Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 01/19/2018)
93 NOTICE by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III re 88 Order Referring Case to Magistrate Judge − Special Master, (GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 01/19/2018)
94 MOTION to Stay Imminent Deadlines in Light of Lapse of Appropriations (Unopposed) filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Certificate of Counsel and Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 01/22/2018)
95 ORDER THAT THE 92 MOTION FOR EXTENSION OF TIME TO ANSWER THE COMPLAINT IS GRANTED. DEFENDANT SHALL RESPOND TO THE AMENDED COMPLAINT BY 2/2/2018.. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL

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01/22/2018 01/23/2018 01/24/2018
01/24/2018 01/25/2018 02/01/2018 02/02/2018 02/02/2018 02/05/2018 02/06/2018
02/07/2018 02/07/2018 02/07/2018

M. BAYLSON ON 1/22/2018.1/22/2018 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(kp, ) (Entered: 01/22/2018)
96 Minute Entry for proceedings held before MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE Status Conference held on 1/22/18. (jaa, ) Modified on 1/23/2018 (jaa, ). Court Reporter: ESR. (Entered: 01/23/2018)
97 NOTICE by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III re 94 MOTION to Stay Imminent Deadlines in Light of Lapse of Appropriations (Unopposed) Withdrawal of Motion (GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 01/23/2018)
98 ORDER THAT PLAINTIFF'S RESPONSE TO DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO DISMISS THE AMENDED COMPLAINT SHALL BE DUE 2/9/18. THE COURT WILL SCHEDULE A TELEPHONE CONFERENCE TO RESOLVE UNRESOLVED DISPUTES ABOUT DISCOVERY BY 2/15/18 AT 4:00 PM. EITHER PARTY MAY FILE A MOTION TO COMPEL FILED BY 2/12/18. THE COURT HAS SET 4/13/18 AS THE DEADLINE FOR ANY SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTIONS. THE COURT HAS SET 4/30/18 AT 9:00 AM AS THE BEGINNING OF THE FINAL HEARING/TRIAL AND TO CONTINUE DAY−TO−DAY. THE COURT WILL HAVE A FINAL PRETRIAL CONFERENCE ON 4/16/18 AT 4:00 PM. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 1/24/18. 1/24/18 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(mbh, ) (Entered: 01/24/2018)
99 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Pretrial Conference held on 1/24/18. COURT REPORTER: ESR. (jaa, ) (Entered: 01/24/2018)
100 ORDER THAT AN INITIAL CONFERENCE SHALL BEGING AT 9:30 A.M. ON 2/9/18 IN COURTROOM 3H; ETC.. SIGNED BY MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE ON 1/25/18. 1/25/18 ENTERED AND E−MAILED.(jl, ) (Entered: 01/25/2018)
101 NOTICE by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III re Transcript Purchase Order Form filed with Court of Appeals (GARG, ARJUN) *ATTORNEY TO RE−FILE IN HARD COPY* Modified on 2/2/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/01/2018)
102 MOTION to Dismiss Amended Complaint filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 02/02/2018)
103 Copy of TPO Form re 86 Notice of Appeal. (mbh, ) (Entered: 02/05/2018)
104 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 102 MOTION to Dismiss Amended Complaint filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Counsel, Certificate of Service.(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 02/05/2018)
105 ORDER THAT PLAINTIFF'S MOTION (DOC. NO. 104 ) IS GRANTED. PLAINTIFF SHALL FILE ITS OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO DISMISS BY 2/16/2018. DEFENDANT SHALL FILE ANY REPLY BY 2/28/2018. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 2/6/2018.2/6/2018 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(amas) (Entered: 02/06/2018)
106 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice of Reedy C. Swanson ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12614359.) filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service.(BOWERMAN, ALEXANDER) (Entered: 02/07/2018)
107 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice of Kirti Datla ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12614377.) filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service.(BOWERMAN, ALEXANDER) (Entered: 02/07/2018)
108 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF REEDY C. SWANSON, ESQ. TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LRCP 83.5.2(B) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 2/7/18. 2/7/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED. ECF APPLICATION MAILED TO SWANSON. (fdc) (Entered: 02/07/2018)

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02/07/2018
02/07/2018 02/12/2018 02/12/2018 02/12/2018 02/15/2018 02/15/2018 02/15/2018 02/15/2018 02/15/2018
02/16/2018 02/16/2018 02/16/2018
02/16/2018

109 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF KIRTI DATLA, ESQ. TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LRCP 83.5.2(B) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 2/7/18. 2/7/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED. ECF APPLICATION MAILED TO DATLA. (fdc) (Entered: 02/07/2018)
110 Administrative Record, Certificate of Service. *FILED IN HARD COPY* (sg, ) Modified on 2/9/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/08/2018)
111 Letter to The Honorable Michael M. Baylson by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III Regarding Plaintiff's Discovery Responses. (GARG, ARJUN) Modified on 2/13/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/12/2018)
112 Letter to The Honorable Michael M. Baylson Regarding Discovery Disputes by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 2/13/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/12/2018)
113 MOTION to Compel filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Memorandum, Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 02/12/2018)
114 RESPONSE in Opposition re 113 MOTION to Compel filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. (GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 02/15/2018)
115 Letter to the Honorable Michael M. Baylson by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III Regarding Plaintiff's Supplemental Response to Defendant's Interrogatory No. 4. Certificate of Service. (GARG, ARJUN) Modified on 2/16/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/15/2018)
116 NOTICE of Appearance by GILDA L. KRAMER on behalf of STATE OF NEW YORK (KRAMER, GILDA) (Entered: 02/15/2018)
117 MOTION for Pro Hac Vice for Caroline A. Olsen ( Filing fee $ 40 receipt number 0313−12631624.) filed by STATE OF NEW YORK.Application for Pro Hac Vice of Caroline A. Olsen, Sponsor's Statement and Certificate of Service.(KRAMER, GILDA) (Entered: 02/15/2018)
118 ORDER THAT THE APPLICATION OF CAROLINE A. OLSEN, ESQUIRE, TO PRACTICE IN THIS COURT PURSUANT TO LOCAL RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE 83.5.2(b) IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 2/15/18.2/16/18 ENTERED AND ECF APPLICATION & COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 02/16/2018)
119 Memorandum in Opposition re 102 MOTION to Dismiss Amended Complaint with Certificate of Service filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 02/16/2018)
120 NOTICE of Appearance by JAMES T. WALTHER on behalf of STATE OF NEW YORK with Certificate of Service(WALTHER, JAMES) (Entered: 02/16/2018)
121 MOTION for Leave to File Amici Brief filed by THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT, THE STATE OF DELAWARE, THE STATE OF HAWAII, THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, THE STATE OF IOWA, THE STATE OF MAINE, THE STATE OF MARYLAND, THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO, THE STATE OF NEW YORK, THE STATE OF OREGON, THE STATE OF VERMONT, THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Memorandum of Law in Support, Amici Brief, and Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum Memorandum of Law in Support, # 2 Exhibit Proposed Amicus Brief, # 3 Exhibit Addendum to Brief part 1, # 4 Exhibit Addendum to Brief part 2, # 5 Text of Proposed Order)(WALTHER, JAMES) Modified on 2/20/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/16/2018)
122 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Pretrial Conference (Discovery) held on 2/16/18 (ti, ) (Entered: 02/20/2018)

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02/16/2018 02/20/2018
02/21/2018
02/22/2018
02/22/2018 02/22/2018
02/23/2018 02/28/2018 02/28/2018 03/08/2018

123 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Telephone Conference (on the record) was held on 2/16/18 (ti, ) (Entered: 02/20/2018)
124 ORDER THAT PLAINTIFF SHALL REVISE INTERROGATORIES 18 AND 19 AND PLAINTIFF'S MOTION TO COMPEL 113 IS GRANTED IN PART AND DENIED IN PART. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED THAT REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CITY AND ICE SHALL MEET AGAIN WITH JUDGE STRAWBRIDGE TO FURTHER EXPLORE EXCHANGING RELEVANT INFORMATION. THE TRIAL IN THIS CASE IS SCHEDULED TO START ON 4/30/2018. THE COURT WILL HAVE A FINAL PRETRIAL CONFERENCE ON 4/16/2018 AT 4:00 PM IN COURTROOM 3A, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 2/20/18. 2/20/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) Modified on 2/22/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/20/2018)
125 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF THE MOTION OF THE STATES OF NEW YORK, CALIFORNIA, CONNECTICUT, DELAWARE, HAWAII, ILLINOIS, IOWA, MAINE, MARYLAND, MASSACHUSETTS, NEW JERSEY, NEW MEXICO, OREGON, VERMONT, AND WASHINGTON, AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TO APPEAR AS AMICI CURIAE AND TO FILE A BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT THE MOTION IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 2/21/18.2/21/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) Modified on 2/21/2018 (ti, ). (Entered: 02/21/2018)
126 BRIEF in Support of Plaintiff re 102 MOTION to Dismiss Amended Complaint filed by THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT, THE STATE OF DELAWARE, THE STATE OF HAWAII, THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, THE STATE OF IOWA, THE STATE OF MAINE, THE STATE OF MARYLAND, THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO, THE STATE OF NEW YORK, THE STATE OF OREGON, THE STATE OF VERMONT, THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. (Attachments: # 1 Appendix Addendum Part I, # 2 Appendix Addendum Part II, # 3 Certificate of Service)(KRAMER, GILDA) Modified on 2/23/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/22/2018)
127 NOTICE of Hearing: STATUS CONFERENCE VIA TELEPHONE SET FOR 2/26/2018 03:30 PM BEFORE MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE. COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF IS DIRECTED TO INITIATE THE CALL. ALL LEAD COUNSEL SHALL BE PRESENT ON THE CALL. (CHAMBERS PH. 267−299−7790)(dp, ) (Entered: 02/22/2018)
129 Brief in Support of Plaintiff by THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT, THE STATE OF DELAWARE, THE STATE OF HAWAII, THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, THE STATE OF IOWA, THE STATE OF MAINE, THE STATE OF MARYLAND, THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO, THE STATE OF NEW YORK, THE STATE OF OREGON, THE STATE OF VERMONT, THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. (Attachments: # 1 Part 1, # 2 Part 2) (ti, ) Modified on 2/23/2018 (ti, ). (DUPLICATE FILING − SEE PAPER # 126 ) (Entered: 02/23/2018)
128 NOTICE of Hearing:THE STATUS CONFERENCE PREVIOUSLY SET FOR 2/26/18 IS CANCELLED.STATUS CONFERENCE VIA TELEPHONE SET FOR 3/6/2018 04:30 PM BEFORE MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE. COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF IS DIRECTED TO INITIATE THE CALL. (CHAMBERS PH. 267−299−7790)(dp, ) (Entered: 02/23/2018)
130 REPLY IN SUPPORT re 102 MOTION to Dismiss Amended Complaint filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service. (GARG, ARJUN) Modified on 3/1/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 02/28/2018)
131 MOTION to Withdraw the Appearance of Sozi Pedro Tulante as Counsel filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 02/28/2018)
132 NOTICE THAT FOLLOWING THE UNRECORDED TELEPHONE CONFERENCE OF 3/6/2018, THE PARTIES HAVE ENGAGED WITH ME PURSUANT TO

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03/09/2018 03/09/2018
03/09/2018 03/12/2018 03/12/2018 03/13/2018 03/13/2018 03/19/2018 03/19/2018
03/20/2018 03/23/2018 03/27/2018

JUDGE BAYLSON'S ORDER OF 2/20/2018, PARAGRAPH 4; THE PARTIES HAVE CONFIRMED THAT THE DISCOVERY TO BE PRODUCED PURSUANT TO THAT ORDER BY 3/2/2018 HAS BEEN PRODUCED; A STATUS CALL WITH BOTH PARTIES SHALL TAKE PLACE AT 4:00 PM ON 3/15/2018, ETC. SIGNED BY MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE ON 3/8/18. (ti, ) (Entered: 03/08/2018)
133 Minute Entry for proceedings held before MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE Status Conference via Telephone was held on 3/6/18. (ti, ) (Entered: 03/09/2018)
134 TRANSCRIPT of Telephone Conference held on 2/16/18, before Judge Michael M. Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber ESR. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 3/30/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 4/9/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 6/7/2018. (ti, ) (Entered: 03/09/2018)
135 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 134 Transcript − PDF, 3/9/18 Entered and Copies Emailed and Mailed. (ti, ) (Entered: 03/09/2018)
136 ORDER granting 85 MOTION TO WITHDRAW DANIEL J.T> SCHUKER AS COUNSEL. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 03/12/2018.03/12/2018 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED (lds, ) (Entered: 03/12/2018)
137 ORDER granting 131 MOTION TO WITHDRAW SOZI PEDRO TULANTE AS COUNSEL. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 03/12/2018.03/12/2018 ENTERED AND COPIES E−MAILED.(lds, ) (Entered: 03/12/2018)
138 MEMORANDUM AND/OR OPINION SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 3/13/18. 3/13/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) Modified on 3/13/2018 (ti, ). (Entered: 03/13/2018)
139 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF DEFENDANT JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III'S MOTION TO DISMISS THE AMENDED COMPLAINT 102 , IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT THE MOTION TO DISMISS IS DENIED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 3/13/18. 3/13/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 03/13/2018)
140 Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 84 Amended Complaint filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Certificate of Counsel and Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 03/19/2018)
141 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF DEFENDANT'S UNOPPOSED MOTION FOR ONE−WEEK EXTENSION OF 3/27/2018, DEADLINE TO ANSWER THE AMENDED COMPLAINT, THE COURT HEREBY ORDERS THAT THE MOTION IS GRANTED. DEFENDANT SHALL ANSWER THE AMENDED COMPLAINT BY 4/3/2018. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 3/19/18.3/20/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 03/20/2018)
142 Minute Entry for proceedings held before MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE Status Conference held on 3/15/18. Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) (Entered: 03/20/2018)
143 NOTICE of Appearance by BRAD P. ROSENBERG on behalf of JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III with Certificate of Service(ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 03/23/2018)
144 NOTICE of Hearing: STATUS CONFERENCE VIA TELEPHONE SET FOR 3/29/2018 10:00 AM BEFORE MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE. COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF IS DIRECTED TO INITIATE THE CALL. (CHAMBERS PH.267−299−7790)(dp, ) (Entered: 03/27/2018)

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 30 of 38

03/29/2018 03/30/2018
04/02/2018
04/02/2018 04/03/2018 04/05/2018
04/09/2018 04/11/2018 04/12/2018 04/13/2018
04/13/2018 04/13/2018

145 Minute Entry for proceedings held before MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE Status Conference held on 3/29/18. Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) Modified on 3/30/2018 (ti, ). (Entered: 03/30/2018)
146 ORDER THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE SHALL SUBMIT PARICULARIZED RESPONSES TO THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA'S PROPOSED STIPULATION OF FACTS, BY 4/2/2018. THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA SHALL RESPOND TO ANY NEW INFORMATION IN THAT SUBMISSION IN THIE 4/6/2018 REPLY. ON OR BEFORE 4/9/2018, PARTIES SHALL SUBMIT ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS DISCUSSED. COUNSEL MUST REMAIN AVAILABLE FOR A FURTHER CONFERENCE ON THESE MATTERS 4/11/2018 AT 1:30 IN COURTROOM 3H. SIGNED BY MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE ON 3/30/18. 3/30/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 03/30/2018)
147 TRANSCRIPT of Telephone Conference held on 3/15/18, before Judge David R. Strawbridge. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQUUM Legal Transcription. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 4/23/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 5/3/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 7/2/2018. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/02/2018)
148 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 147 Transcript − PDF, 4/2/18 Entered and Copies Emailed and Mailed. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/02/2018)
149 ANSWER to 84 Amended Complaint by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.(GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 04/03/2018)
150 ORDER THAT THE REPORT & RECOMMENDATION BY JUDGE STRAWBRIDGE WILL BE FILED BY 4/13/2018. IN VIEW OF THE IMPENDING TRIAL DATE, OBJECTIONS, OR ANY MOTION TO ADOPT OR MODIFY MUST BE FILED WITHIN SEVEN DAYS, ETC. EITHER PARTY MAY SUBMIT A BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF THEIR OBJECTIONS OR MOTION, LIMITED TO NOT MORE THAN 15 PAGES. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/5/18. 4/5/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED AND E−MAILED.(kw, ) (Entered: 04/05/2018)
151 NOTICE of Appearance by RACHAEL LYNN WESTMORELAND on behalf of JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III (WESTMORELAND, RACHAEL) (Entered: 04/09/2018)
152 Minute Entry for proceedings held before MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE Evidentiary Hearing held on 4/11/18. Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/11/2018)
153 Minute Entry for proceedings held before MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE Status Conference held on 4/12/2018. Court Reporter: ESR. (sg, ) Modified on 4/13/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 04/13/2018)
154 SPECIAL MASTER'S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION. SIGNED BY MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVID R. STRAWBRIDGE ON 4/13/2018. (Attachments: # 1 EXHIBIT A, # 2 EXHIBIT B, # 3 EXHIBIT C, # 4 EXHIBIT D, # 5 EXHIBIT E, # 6 EXHIBIT F, # 7 EXHIBIT G1, # 8 EXHIBIT G2, # 9 EXHIBIT G3, # 10 EXHIBIT G4, # 11 EXHIBIT G5, # 12 EXHIBIT G6, # 13 H, # 14 EXHIBIT I, # 15 EXHIBIT J, # 16 EXHIBIT K, # 17 EXHIBIT LIST) 4/13/2018 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED AND E−MAILED.(sg, ) (Additional attachment(s) added on 4/20/2018: # 18 Exhibit G) (ti, ). (Entered: 04/13/2018)
155 MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Memorandum, Statement of Undisputed Facts, Proposed Order, Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support, # 2 Statement of Undisputed Facts, # 3 Text of Proposed Order, # 4 Certificate of Service)(ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 04/13/2018)
156 Declaration re 155 MOTION for Summary Judgment of Brad P. Rosenberg by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A: 2016 OIG Report, # 2 Exhibit B: DOJ Press Release No. 18−81, # 3 Exhibit C: DOJ Press

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 31 of 38

04/13/2018 04/17/2018 04/17/2018 04/17/2018 04/17/2018
04/17/2018 04/18/2018
04/20/2018 04/20/2018 04/20/2018 04/23/2018

Release No. 17−1140, # 4 Exhibit D: 2007 OIG Audit Report, # 5 Exhibit E: July 7, 2016 Memo, # 6 Exhibit F: Backgrounder on Grant Requirements, # 7 Exhibit G: DOJ Press Release No. 17−826, # 8 Exhibit H: June 22, 2017 Letter from Philadelphia, # 9 Exhibit I: Photo of Police Detention Unit Memo, # 10 Exhibit J: DHS Form I−247A, # 11 Exhibit K: ICE Enforcement Policy No. 10074.2, # 12 Exhibit L: Philadelphia Executive Order No. 7−15, # 13 Exhibit M: Jan. 22, 2018 Interrogatory Answers, # 14 Exhibit N: Feb. 14, 2018 Supplemental Interrogatory Answers, # 15 Exhibit O: Detainer Tracker Spreadsheet, # 16 Exhibit P: Feb. 16, 2018 Supplemental Interrogatory Answers, # 17 Exhibit Q: BJS Document, # 18 Exhibit R: Plaintiff's Reply to Defendant's Proposed Stipulation of Facts, # 19 Certificate of Service)(ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 04/13/2018)
157 MOTION for Partial Summary Judgment filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Memorandum. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum With Certificate of Service, # 2 Text of Proposed Order)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 04/13/2018)
158 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Pretrial Conference held on 4/16/18. Court Reporter: ESR. (jl, ) (Entered: 04/17/2018)
159 Transcript of Conference held on 4/11/18, before Judge David R. Strawbridge. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQUUM Legal Transcription. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/17/2018)
160 NOTICE of Withdrawal of Appearance by ARJUN GARG on behalf of All Defendants (GARG, ARJUN) (Entered: 04/17/2018)
161 ORDER THAT THE CROSS−MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT WILL BE HELD IN ABEYANCE PENDING THE TRIAL. THE TRIAL WILL BEGIN ON 4/30/2018. ANY OTHER FILINGS ARE DUE AS OF 4/30/2018, INCLUDING STIPULATIONS OF FACT, AND ANY MOTIONS IN LIMINE, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/17/18. 4/17/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED AND E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 04/17/2018)
162 Witness List by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 04/17/2018)
163 ORDER THAT AT THE FINAL PRETRIAL CONFERENCE, THE COURT INDICATED THAT TESTIMONY ABOUT THE PRACTICES OF THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF PRISONS AND/OR THE UNITED STATES MARSHAL SERVICES, CONCERNING THE ICE POLICIES ON ADVANCE NOTICE OF RELEASE DATES, AND ACCESS TO PRISONERS, MAY BE RELEVANT. THE CITY HAS NOT LISTED ANY SUCH TESTIMONY ON ITS WITNESS LIST. IF DEFENDANT DOES NOT PLAN TO CALL A WITNESS FROM EITHER OR BOTH OF THESE AGENCIES TO TESTIFY ON THIS SUBJECT, THE COURT IS LIKELY TO REQUEST/SUBPOENA A WITNESS FROM BOTH THE USMS AND THE BOP TO PRESENT TESTIMONY, MOST LIKELY ON 5/1/2018. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/18/18. 4/19/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 04/19/2018)
164 Objections by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III re 154 Order,, Special Master's Report and Recommendation. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Ex. A− PDU Memorandum)(WESTMORELAND, RACHAEL) (Entered: 04/20/2018)
165 NOTICE of Appearance by DANIEL SCHWEI on behalf of JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III with Certificate of Service(SCHWEI, DANIEL) (Entered: 04/20/2018)
166 MOTION to Adopt the Special Master's Report and Recommendation in Substantial Party and Objecting to Certain Findings by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA re 154 Order,, . Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 4/23/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 04/20/2018)
167 ORDER THAT THE FINAL PRETRIAL ORDER IS AMENDED AS FOLLOWS AS TO PARAGRAPH 5: ANY OTHER FILING ARE DUE AS OF 4/23/2018, INCLUDING STIPULATIONS OF FACT, WITH ANY DISPUTED DETAILS AS NOTED, OBJECTIONS TO ANY DESIGNATIONS OF TRANSCRIPTS FOR ADMISSION INTO THE TRIAL RECORD, ANY OBJECTIONS TO EXHIBITS, AND ANY MOITONS IN LIMINE. IF MEETING THIS DEADLINE IS

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 32 of 38

04/23/2018 04/23/2018 04/24/2018
04/24/2018
04/24/2018 04/24/2018
04/24/2018 04/24/2018 04/24/2018 04/24/2018 04/24/2018 04/24/2018 04/25/2018

LOGISTICALLY DIFFICULT, THESE FILINGS WILL BE ACCEPTED NO LATER THAN 4:00 PM ON 4/24/2018. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/23/18. 4/23/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 04/23/2018)
168 Witness List by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service (ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 04/23/2018)
169 MOTION in Limine Not to Require Testimony from a Bureau of Prisons or United States Marshals Service Witness filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Memorandum, Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(SCHWEI, DANIEL) (Entered: 04/23/2018)
170 MEMORANDUM RE: SPECIAL MASTER'S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION AND FILINGS BY THE PARTIES ON APRIL 20, 2018 (ECF 166 AS TO PLAINTIFF AND ECF 168 AS TO DEFENDANT). SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/24/18. 4/24/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
171 NOTICE TO COUNSEL OF THE COURT'S INTENT TO TAKE JUDICIAL NOTICE UNDER FED. R. EVID. 201 OF PUBLIC STATEMENTS BY PRESIDENT TRUMP AND ATTORNEY GENERAL SESSIONS. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/24/18. 4/24/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
172 MOTION in Limine to Preclude Introduction of the Gillespie Memorandum filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service.(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
173 TRANSCRIPT of Conference held on 4/16/18, before Judge David R. Strawbridge. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQUUM Legal Transcription. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 5/15/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 5/25/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 7/23/2018. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
174 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 173 Transcript − PDF, 4/24/18 Entered and Copies Emailed and Mailed. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
175 MOTION in Limine to Exclude Testimony of Eva Gladstein and Thomas Farley filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(WESTMORELAND, RACHAEL) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
176 Objections by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III to Plaintiff's Transcript Designations. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A− Plaintiff's Transcript Designations, # 2 Exhibit B− Defendant's Transcript Designations)(WESTMORELAND, RACHAEL) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
177 Objections by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III to Plaintiff's Exhibit List. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A− Plaintiff's Exhibit P−02, # 2 Exhibit B− Plaintiff's Exhibit P−03)(WESTMORELAND, RACHAEL) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
178 MOTION in Limine to Preclude Defendant From Re−Calling Witnesses Richard Ross, Thomas Farley and Eva Gladstein At Trial filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
179 STIPULATION OF FACTS (JOINT) by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 04/24/2018)
180 ORDER THAT ARGUMENT ON VARIOUS PRETRIAL MATTERS SET FOR 4/27/2018 11:15 AM. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/25/18. 4/25/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, EMAILED.(rf, ) (Entered: 04/25/2018)

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 33 of 38

04/26/2018 04/26/2018 04/26/2018 04/26/2018 04/27/2018
04/27/2018 04/27/2018 05/01/2018 05/01/2018 05/02/2018 05/02/2018
05/03/2018 05/09/2018 05/09/2018
05/09/2018

181 Response to the Court's Memorandum Re: Special Master's Report and Recommendation (Dkt. No. 170) by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 04/26/2018)
182 NOTICE of Appearance by JAMES H. PERCIVAL, II on behalf of JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III (PERCIVAL, JAMES) (Entered: 04/26/2018)
183 Supplemental Memorandum in Response re 170 Order, re: Special Master's Report and Recommendation by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service. (ROSENBERG, BRAD) Modified on 4/27/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 04/26/2018)
184 Letter dated 4/26/18 from Michael M. Baylson, United States District Court Judge (ti, ) (Entered: 04/27/2018)
185 ORDER THAT THE DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AS TO COUNTS I, II, AND III OF THE AMENDED COMPLAINT IS DENIED. PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT IS GRANTED AS TO COUNTS I, II AND III OF THE AMENDED COMPLAINT. AS TO VARIOUS MOTIONS IN LIMINE, THE COURT HAS RULED AS FOLLOWS: CITY RE: GILLESPIE MEMORANDUM 172 IS DENIED. DEFENDANT'S OBJECTION TO PLAINTIFF'S TRANSCRIPT DESIGNATION 176 IS DENIED. PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION TRANSCRIPT INTO THE RECORD OF THIS TRIAL IS GRANTED. DEFENDANT'S OBJECTIONS TO JUDICIAL NOTICE IS DENIED, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 4/27/18.4/27/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 04/27/2018)
186 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Hearing held on 4/27/18. Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/27/2018)
187 Revised Witness List by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 4/30/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 04/27/2018)
188 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Bench Trial/Day 1 held on 4/30/18. Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) (Entered: 05/01/2018)
189 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Bench Trial/ Day 2 held on 5/1/18. Court Reporter: ESR. (ti, ) (Entered: 05/02/2018)
190 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSONin Courtroom 3A Bench Trial DAY 3 held on 5/2/2018. Court Reporter: ESR. (amas) (Entered: 05/02/2018)
191 ORDER THAT EACH PARTY WILL FILE PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT BY 5/17/2018 LIMITED TO 20 PAGES. EACH PARTY WILL FILE A LEGAL BRIEF BY 12:00 NOON ON 5/25/2018, LIMITED TO 20 PAGES. THE COURT WILL HOLD ORAL ARGUMENT ON 6/6/2018, AT 2:00 PM IN COURTROOM 3A. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 5/2/18. 5/3/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 05/03/2018)
192 Letter to Counsel from Judge Michael M. Baylson dated 5/3/18. Re: Certain Changes in the ICE and City practices. (jaa, ) (Entered: 05/03/2018)
193 Letter Regarding Question 14 re 192 Letter by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service) (ROSENBERG, BRAD) Modified on 5/10/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/09/2018)
194 TRANSCRIPT of Pretrial Hearing and Motions Hearing held on 4/27/18, before Judge Michael M. Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQUUM Legal Transcription. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Redaction Request due 5/30/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/11/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/7/2018. (ti, ) (Entered: 05/09/2018)
195 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 194 Transcript − PDF, 5/9/18 Entered and Copies Emailed and Mailed. (ti, ) (Entered: 05/09/2018)

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 34 of 38

05/11/2018 05/11/2018 05/11/2018 05/17/2018 05/17/2018 05/17/2018 05/18/2018 05/18/2018 05/18/2018 05/21/2018 05/21/2018
05/21/2018
05/21/2018
05/21/2018

196 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSONin Courtroom 3A Bench Trial held on 5/10/2018. Court Reporter: ESR. (sg, ) (Entered: 05/11/2018)
197 Exhibit List (Joint) by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit P−42)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 05/11/2018)
198 Letter dated 5/11/2018 from Judge Michael M. Baylson to all Counsel of Record (ti, ) Modified on 5/17/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/11/2018)
199 Exhibit List (Supplemental) by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit D−26: May 17 Letter re Lock and Track, # 2 Certificate of Service)(ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 05/17/2018)
200 Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service (ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 05/17/2018)
201 Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 05/17/2018)
202 Letter to Counsel dated 5/18/2018 from The Honorable Michael M. Baylson (ti, ) (Entered: 05/18/2018)
203 Letter Response to Court's Request by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) Modified on 5/21/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/18/2018)
204 Defendant's Letter Response to Court's Letters by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. (SCHWEI, DANIEL) Modified on 5/21/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/18/2018)
205 Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to File and to Modify the Briefing Schedule for Post−Trial Briefs filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 05/21/2018)
206 TRANSCRIPT of Bench Trial − Day One − held on 4/30/18, before Judge Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQQUUM Legal Transcription Services. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER.. Redaction Request due 6/11/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/21/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/20/2018. (fdc) (Entered: 05/21/2018)
207 TRANSCRIPT of Bench Trial − Day Two − held on 5/1/18, before Judge Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQQUUM Legal Transcription Services. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER.. Redaction Request due 6/11/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/21/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/20/2018. (fdc) (Entered: 05/21/2018)
208 TRANSCRIPT of Bench Trial − Day Three − held on 5/2/18, before Judge Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQQUUM Legal Transcription Services. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER.. Redaction Request due 6/11/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/21/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/20/2018. (fdc) (Entered: 05/21/2018)
209 TRANSCRIPT of Bench Trial − Day Four − held on 5/10/18, before Judge Baylson. Court Reporter/Transcriber AEQQUUM Legal Transcription Services. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Transcriber before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER.. Redaction Request due 6/11/2018. Redacted Transcript Deadline set for 6/21/2018. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 8/20/2018. (fdc) (Entered: 05/21/2018)

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 35 of 38

05/21/2018 05/21/2018 05/25/2018 05/25/2018 05/31/2018
05/31/2018
05/31/2018
05/31/2018

210 Notice of Filing of Official Transcript with Certificate of Service re 206 Transcript − PDF,, 209 Transcript − PDF,, 208 Transcript − PDF,, 207 Transcript − PDF. 5/21/18 Entered & Copies Emailed and Mailed. (fdc) (Entered: 05/21/2018)
211 ORDER granting 205 MOTION FOR EXTENSION OF TIME TO FILE THE PARTIES' POST−TRIAL LEGAL BRIEFS ARE TO BE FILED ON FRIDAY, MAY 25, 2018. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 05/21/2018.05/21/2018 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED AND FAXED.(lds, ) (Entered: 05/21/2018)
212 TRIAL BRIEF (POST) by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. Certificate of Service (GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 05/25/2018)
213 TRIAL BRIEF (POST) by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Certificate of Service (ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 05/25/2018)
214 NOTICE of Appearance by JOHN C. GRUGAN on behalf of THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK, THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS , CITY OF BOULDER (CO), CITY OF BURLINGTON (VT), CITY OF CHELSEA (MA), CITY OF CHICAGO (IL), COOK COUNTY (IL), CITY OF DAVIS (CA), CITY OF DAYTON (OH), CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER (CO), CITY OF ITHACA (NY), CITY OF LOS ANGELES (CA), CITY OF MADISON (WI), CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS (MN), CITY OF NASHVILLE (TN), CITY OF NEW ROCHELLE (NY), CITY OF OAKLAND (CA), CITY OF PORTLAND (OR), CITY OF ROCHESTER (NY), SANTA CLARA COUNTY CA), CITY OF SEATTLE (WA), CITY OF SOMERVILLE (MA). with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(GRUGAN, JOHN) Modified on 6/1/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/31/2018)
215 NOTICE of Appearance by EMILIA L. MCKEE VASSALLO on behalf of THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK, THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS , CITY OF BOULDER (CO), CITY OF BURLINGTON (VT), CITY OF CHELSEA (MA), CITY OF CHICAGO (IL), COOK COUNTY (IL), CITY OF DAVIS (CA), CITY OF DAYTON (OH), CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER (CO), CITY OF ITHACA (NY), CITY OF LOS ANGELES (CA), CITY OF MADISON (WI), CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS (MN), CITY OF NASHVILLE (TN), CITY OF NEW ROCHELLE (NY), CITY OF OAKLAND (CA), CITY OF PORTLAND (OR), CITY OF ROCHESTER (NY), SANTA CLARA COUNTY CA), CITY OF SEATTLE (WA), CITY OF SOMERVILLE (MA). with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(MCKEE VASSALLO, EMILIA) Modified on 6/1/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/31/2018)
216 NOTICE of Appearance by JASON A. LECKERMAN on behalf of THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK, THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS , CITY OF BOULDER (CO), CITY OF BURLINGTON (VT), CITY OF CHELSEA (MA), CITY OF CHICAGO (IL), COOK COUNTY (IL), CITY OF DAVIS (CA), CITY OF DAYTON (OH), CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER (CO), CITY OF ITHACA (NY), CITY OF LOS ANGELES (CA), CITY OF MADISON (WI), CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS (MN), CITY OF NASHVILLE (TN), CITY OF NEW ROCHELLE (NY), CITY OF OAKLAND (CA), CITY OF PORTLAND (OR), CITY OF ROCHESTER (NY), SANTA CLARA COUNTY CA), CITY OF SEATTLE (WA), CITY OF SOMERVILLE (MA). with Certificate of Service (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(LECKERMAN, JASON) Modified on 6/1/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/31/2018)
217 MOTION to File Amicus Brief filed by THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK, THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS , CITY OF BOULDER (CO), CITY OF BURLINGTON (VT), CITY OF CHELSEA (MA), CITY OF CHICAGO (IL), COOK COUNTY (IL), CITY OF DAVIS (CA), CITY OF DAYTON (OH), CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER (CO), CITY OF ITHACA (NY), CITY OF LOS ANGELES (CA), CITY OF MADISON (WI), CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS (MN), CITY OF NASHVILLE (TN), CITY OF NEW ROCHELLE (NY), CITY OF OAKLAND (CA), CITY OF PORTLAND (OR), CITY OF ROCHESTER (NY), SANTA CLARA COUNTY CA), CITY OF SEATTLE (WA), CITY OF SOMERVILLE (MA). Motion, Memorandum, Brief, Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum of Law in Support of Motion for Leave to File an Amici Curiae Brief in Support of the City of Philadelphia, # 2 Brief of Amici Curiae in

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 36 of 38

06/01/2018 06/01/2018 06/04/2018
06/04/2018
06/05/2018 06/05/2018
06/06/2018 06/06/2018
06/12/2018 06/26/2018

Support of the City of Philadelphia, # 3 Text of Proposed Order, # 4 Certificate of Service)(LECKERMAN, JASON) Modified on 6/1/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 05/31/2018)
218 NOTICE of CANCELED Hearing: ORAL ARGUMENT PREVIOUSLY SET FOR 6/6/2018 02:00 PM IN COURTROOM 3A BEFORE HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON IS CANCELED.(lds, ) (Entered: 06/01/2018)
219 MOTION to File Amicus Brief filed by ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1− Proposed Brief, # 2 Memorandum, # 3 Text of Proposed Order, # 4 Certificate of Service)(RICHARDS, IRA) (Entered: 06/01/2018)
220 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF THE MOTION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 20 ADDITIONAL CITIES AND COUNTIES, AND THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS TO APPEAR AS AMICI CURIAE AND TO FILE A BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT THE MOTION IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 6/4/18. 6/4/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 06/04/2018)
221 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF THE MOTION OS IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS FOR LEAVE TO FILE THEIR AMICI CURIAE BRIEF, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT THE MOTION IS GRANTED. THE IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS SHALL FILE THEIR AMICI CURIAE BRIEF WITHIN FIVE DAYS OF THE DATE THIS ORDER IS ENTERED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 6/4/18. 6/4/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 06/04/2018)
222 Amici Curiae Brief in Support of Plaintiff The City of Philadelphia by ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS. Certificate of Service. (RICHARDS, IRA) Modified on 6/6/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 06/05/2018)
223 BRIEF of Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff The City of Philadelphia by CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER (CO), CITY OF BOULDER (CO), CITY OF BURLINGTON (VT), CITY OF CHELSEA (MA), CITY OF CHICAGO (IL), CITY OF DAVIS (CA), CITY OF DAYTON (OH), CITY OF ITHACA (NY), CITY OF LOS ANGELES (CA), CITY OF MADISON (WI), CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS (MN), CITY OF NASHVILLE (TN), CITY OF NEW ROCHELLE (NY), CITY OF OAKLAND (CA), CITY OF PORTLAND (OR), CITY OF ROCHESTER (NY), CITY OF SEATTLE (WA), CITY OF SOMERVILLE (MA), COOK COUNTY (IL), SANTA CLARA COUNTY CA, THE CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK, THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service) (LECKERMAN, JASON) Modified on 6/6/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 06/05/2018)
224 MEMORANDUM AND/OR OPINION SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 6/6/18. 6/6/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 06/06/2018)
225 ORDER THAT PLAINTIFF SHALL DRAFT AND SERVE ON DEFENDANT A PROPOSED DECREE CARRYING OUT THE COURT'S CONCLUSIONS BY CLOSE OF BUSINESS 6/15/2018. IF THERE ARE SUBSTANTIVE ISSUES ON THE LANGUAGE OF THE DECREE THE COURT WILL SCHEDULE A RECORDED TELEPHONE CONFERENCE FOR 6/27/2018 AT 3:00 PM. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 6/6/18. 6/6/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 06/06/2018)
Copy of Order dated 4/13/18 and envelope returned from the U.S. Postal Service with unknown address on the envelope for the following reason: RETURN TO SENDER. (jaa, ) Modified on 6/13/2018 (jaa, ). (Entered: 06/13/2018)
226 Joint Proposed Final Judgment and Decree filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) *FILED IN ERROR BY ATTORNEY; FORWARDED TO JUDGE FOR APPROVAL* Modified on 6/27/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 06/26/2018)

Case: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB As of: 04/11/2020 04:29 PM EDT 37 of 38

06/27/2018 06/28/2018
06/28/2018 07/06/2018 07/06/2018
07/09/2018 07/24/2018 07/26/2018 08/08/2018 01/08/2019 01/08/2019
02/06/2019 02/26/2019
03/14/2019 03/14/2019

227 Minute Entry for proceedings held before HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON Telephone Conference (on the record) held on 6/27/18 (ti, ) (Entered: 06/28/2018)
228 FINAL JUDGMENT AND DECREE ORDER THAT JUDGMENT BE ENTERED IN FAVOR OF PLAINTIFF, THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA (THE "CITY" OR "PHILADELPHIA"), AND AGAINST DEFENDANT, JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, ETC. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 6/28/18. 6/28/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 06/28/2018)
229 MEMORANDUM RE: COURT'S ADDITION TO FINAL JUDGMNET AND DECREE SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 6/28/18. 6/28/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 06/28/2018)
230 MOTION to Withdraw as Attorney Reedy C. Swanson filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA..(SWANSON, REEDY) (Entered: 07/06/2018)
231 ORDER of USCA as to 86 that, In accordance with the motion by the appellant in the above−captioned case, the matter is hereby dismissed pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 42(b), without cost to either party. A certified copy of this order is issued in lieu of a formal mandate. In light of the order dismissing the appeal, the Appellee's Motion to Stay the Briefing Schedule is moot. (ti, ) (Entered: 07/09/2018)
232 ORDER THAT PLAINTIFFS' MOTION TO WITHDRAW THE APPEARANCE OF REEDY C. SWANSON AS COUNSEL IN THIS MATTER IS GRANTED. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 7/9/18.7/9/18 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED, E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 07/09/2018)
233 NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 228 Order, 229 Order, 224 Memorandum and/or Opinion by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. Copies to Judge, Clerk USCA, Appeals Clerk. Certificate of Service. (ROSENBERG, BRAD) Modified on 7/25/2018 (lisad, ). (Entered: 07/24/2018)
234 NOTICE of Docketing Record on Appeal from USCA re 233 Notice of Appeal filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III. USCA Case Number 18−2648 (dmc, ) (Entered: 07/26/2018)
235 Copy of TPO Form re 233 Notice of Appeal : (ti, ) (Entered: 08/08/2018)
236 MOTION to Withdraw Attorney Sara A. Solow filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(GIBSON, VIRGINIA) (Entered: 01/08/2019)
237 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF PLAINTFF'S MOTION TO WITHDRAW THE APPEARANCE OF SARA A. SOLOW AS COUNSEL, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT PLAINTIFF'S MOTION IS GRANTED. MS. SOLOW'S APPEARANCE IN THIS MATTER SHALL BE WITHDRAWN. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 1/8/19.1/8/19 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED AND E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 01/08/2019)
238 MOTION to Withdraw as Attorney James Percival filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III.. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(ROSENBERG, BRAD) (Entered: 02/06/2019)
239 ORDER THAT UPON CONSIDERATION OF DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO WITHDRAW THE APPEARANCE OF JAMES PERCIVAL AS COUNSEL, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT DEFENDANT'S MOTION SHALL BE, AND IT IS HEREBY IS, GRANTED. MR. PERCIVAL'S APPEARANCE IN THIS MATTER SHALL BE WITHDRAWN. SIGNED BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 2/25/19.2/26/19 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED AND E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 02/26/2019)
240 MOTION to Withdraw as Attorney Jasmeet K. Ahuja filed by THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA.Certificate of Service. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(AHUJA, JASMEET) (Entered: 03/14/2019)
241 ORDER TAHT UPON CONSIDERATION OF PLAINTIFF'S MOTION TO WITHDRAW THE APPEARANCE OF JASMEET K. AHUJA AS COUNSEL, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT PLAINTIFF'S MOTION IS GRANTED, ETC. SIGNED

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04/22/2019 07/02/2019

BY HONORABLE MICHAEL M. BAYLSON ON 3/14/19.3/15/19 ENTERED AND COPIES MAILED AND E−MAILED.(ti, ) (Entered: 03/15/2019)
242 Copy of Order/Notice dated 3/14/19 (Document # 241) and envelope returned from the U.S. Postal Service addressed to KARL A. RACINE for the following reason: Forward Time Exp RTN to Send. Resent (Document # 241 ) to newly listed address. (ti, ) (Entered: 04/22/2019)
243 Certified copy of Order of USCA, as to 233 Notice of Appeal filed by JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS, III that the Order of the District Court entered 6/28/2018, is hereby affirmed. It is further ordered that the Order that pertains to the judicial warrant requirement is vacated, etc. (kw, ) (Entered: 07/03/2019)

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 1 Filed 08/30/17 Page 1 of 46
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, Plaintiff,
v. JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III,
Attorney General of the United States, Defendant.

Civil Action No.________

COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF Plaintiff, the City of Philadelphia, hereby alleges as follows:
INTRODUCTION 1. The City of Philadelphia (“Philadelphia” or “the City”) brings this action to enjoin the Attorney General of the United States from imposing new and unprecedented requirements on the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (“Byrne JAG”). Philadelphia also seeks a declaratory judgment that the new conditions are contrary to law, unconstitutional, and arbitrary and capricious. Additionally, Philadelphia seeks a declaratory judgment confirming that its policies comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (“Section 1373”), to the extent that statute is lawfully deemed applicable to the Byrne JAG program. 2. Philadelphia has a vibrant immigrant community. Immigrants are an integral part of Philadelphia’s workforce, small business sector, school and college population, and civic associations; their success is vital to the City’s success. To ensure that Philadelphia’s immigrant
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community continues to thrive, the City has adopted policies that seek to foster trust between the immigrant population and City officials and employees, and to encourage people of all backgrounds to take full advantage of the City’s resources and opportunities. Several of those policies protect the confidentiality of individuals’ immigration and citizenship status information, and prevent the unnecessary disclosure of that information to third parties. The rationale behind these policies is that if immigrants, including undocumented immigrants, do not fear adverse consequences to themselves or to their families from interacting with City officers, they are more likely to report crimes, apply for public benefits to which they are entitled, enroll their children in Philadelphia’s public schools, request health services like vaccines, and—all in all—contribute more fully to the City’s health and prosperity.
3. Philadelphia also practices community policing. And, like most major cities, it has determined that public safety is best promoted without the City’s active involvement in the enforcement of federal immigration law. To the contrary, Philadelphia has long recognized that a resident’s immigration status has no bearing on his or her contributions to the community or on his or her likelihood to commit crimes, and that when people with foreign backgrounds are afraid to cooperate with the police, public safety in Philadelphia is compromised. For this reason, the Philadelphia Police Department (“PPD”) has for many years prohibited its officers from asking individuals with whom they interact about their immigration status. Police officers also do not stop or question people on account of their immigration status, do not in any way act as immigration enforcement agents, and are particularly protective of the confidential information of victims and witnesses to crimes. In Philadelphia’s experience—with property crimes currently at their lowest since 1971, robberies at their lowest since 1969, and violent crime the
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lowest since 1979— these policies have promoted the City’s safety by facilitating greater cooperation with the immigrant community writ large.
4. For over a decade, Philadelphia has pursued the above policies while also relying upon the funding supplied by the Byrne JAG program to support critical criminal justice programming in the City. Indeed, the Byrne JAG award has become a staple in Philadelphia’s budget and is today an important source of funding for the PPD, District Attorney’s Office, and local court system. Since the grant was created in 2005, Philadelphia has applied for—and successfully been awarded—its local allocation every year. Philadelphia has never had any conflicts with the federal government in obtaining Byrne JAG funds.
5. That is all changing. On July 25, 2017, the Department of Justice (“DOJ” or “the Department”) notified Philadelphia that, as a condition to receiving any Byrne JAG funds in fiscal year 2017, Philadelphia must comply with three conditions. Philadelphia must: (1) certify, as part of its FY 2017 grant application, that the City complies with Section 1373, a statute which bars states and localities from adopting policies that restrict immigration-related communications between state and local officials and the federal government; (2) permit officials from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) (which includes U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”)) to access “any detention facility” maintained by Philadelphia in order to meet with persons of interest to DHS; and (3) provide at least 48 hours’ advance notice to DHS regarding the “scheduled release date and time” of an inmate for whom DHS requests such advance notice.1
6. The imposition of these conditions marks a radical departure from the Department of Justice’s past grant-making practices. No statute permits the Attorney General to impose
1 U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Backgrounder On Grant Requirements (July 25, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/h5uxMX. A copy of this document is attached as Exhibit 1.
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these conditions on the Byrne JAG program. Although Congress delegated certain authorities to the Attorney General to administer Byrne JAG awards, the Attorney General has far exceeded that delegation here. Moreover, even if Congress had intended to authorize the Attorney General to attach conditions of this nature to JAG grants (which it did not), that would have been unlawful: Demanding that localities certify compliance with Section 1373, allow ICE agents unrestrained access to their prisons, or provide ICE advance notification of inmates’ scheduled release dates as conditions of receiving Byrne JAG funds, would flout the limits of Congress’ Spending Clause powers under the United States Constitution.
7. Simply put, the Attorney General’s imposition of these three conditions on the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant is contrary to law, unconstitutional, and arbitrary and capricious. That action should be enjoined.
8. The Department of Justice’s decision to impose its sweeping conditions upon Byrne JAG grantees represents the latest affront in the Administration’s ever-escalating attempts to force localities to forsake their local discretion and act as agents of the federal government. Within the President’s first week in office, he signed an Executive Order commanding federal agencies to withhold funds from so-called “sanctuary cities”—i.e., cities that have exercised their basic rights to self-government and have chosen to focus their resources on local priorities rather than on federal immigration enforcement.2 After a federal court enjoined much of that Order,3 the Department of Justice singled out Philadelphia along with eight other jurisdictions by demanding that these jurisdictions certify their compliance with Section 1373 by June 30, 2017. The Department warned the localities that their failure to certify compliance “could result in the
2 Exec. Order No. 13768, “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,” 82 Fed. Reg. 8799 (Jan. 25, 2017). 3 County of Santa Clara v. Trump, --- F. Supp. 3d ----, 2017 WL 1459081 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017).
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withholding of [Byrne JAG] funds, suspension or termination of the [Byrne JAG] grant, ineligibility for future OJP grants or subgrants, or other action.”4 By this time in the grant funding schedule, Philadelphia had already appropriated and in most cases obligated the funds it received under the FY 2016 JAG award to a number of important programs to strengthen its criminal justice system.
9. Without any facts or support, the Attorney General claimed in April that “the lawless practices” of cities he characterized as “so-called ‘sanctuary’ jurisdictions . . . make our country less safe.”5 Philadelphia’s experience is quite the opposite: Philadelphia has witnessed a reduction in crime of over 17 percent since the City formally adopted policies protecting the confidentiality of its constituents.
10. Philadelphia certified its compliance with Section 1373 on June 22, 2017. Fundamentally, Philadelphia explained that it complies with Section 1373 because its agents do not collect immigration status information in the first place, and, as a result, the City is in no position to share or restrict the sharing of information it simply does not have. At the same time, the City explained, if immigration status information does inadvertently come into the City’s possession, Philadelphia’s policies allow local law enforcement to cooperate with federal authorities and to share identifying information about criminal suspects in the City. For these reasons and others, Philadelphia certified that it complies with all of the obligations that Section 1373 can constitutionally be read to impose on localities.
4 Letter from Alan R. Hanson, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs, to Major Jim Kenney, City of Philadelphia (Apr. 21, 2017). 5 Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Attorney General Jeff Sessions Delivers Remarks on Violent Crime to Federal, State and Local Law Enforcement (Apr. 28, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/sk37qN.
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11. In response to the certifications filed in June 2017 by Philadelphia and other jurisdictions, the Attorney General issued a press release condemning those submissions. He did not offer his definition of compliance or any details on the aspects of any locality’s policies he considered illegal; he said only that “[i]t is not enough to assert compliance” and that “jurisdictions must actually be in compliance.”6
12. Against this backdrop, the Department of Justice announced in a July 25, 2017 press release that it would now be imposing two additional conditions on jurisdictions applying for FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding, along with another mandatory certification of compliance with Section 1373. The fiscal year 2017 application is due on September 5, 2017.
13. The Attorney General’s action was an unlawful, ultra vires attempt to force Philadelphia to abandon its policies and accede to the Administration’s political agenda. It is one thing for the Department of Justice to disagree with Philadelphia as a matter of policy; it is quite another thing for the Department to violate both a congressionally-defined program and the Constitution in seeking to compel Philadelphia to forfeit its autonomy.
14. In response, Philadelphia now seeks a declaration from this Court that the Department of Justice’s imposition of the new conditions to Byrne JAG funding was unlawful. That agency action is contrary to federal statute, contrary to the Constitution’s separation of powers, and arbitrary and capricious. Further, even if Congress had intended to permit the Attorney General’s action, it would violate the Spending Clause. The City also seeks a declaration from this Court that, to the extent Section 1373 can be made an applicable condition to the receipt of Byrne JAG funds, Philadelphia is in full compliance with that provision.
6 Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Department of Justice Reviewing Letters from Ten Potential Sanctuary Jurisdictions (July 6, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/of8UhG. A copy of this press release is attached as Exhibit 2.
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15. The City also seeks injunctive relief. It requests that this Court permanently enjoin the Department of Justice from imposing these three conditions in conjunction with the FY 2017 Byrne JAG application, and any future grants under the Byrne JAG program. Further, the City seeks any other injunctive relief the Court deems necessary and appropriate to allow Philadelphia to receive its FY 2017 JAG allocation as Philadelphia has since the inception of the JAG program, and as Congress intended.
PARTIES 16. Plaintiff Philadelphia is a municipal corporation, constituted in 1701 under the Proprietor’s Charter. William Penn, its founder, was a Quaker and early advocate for religious freedom and freedom of thought, having experienced persecution firsthand in his native England. He fashioned Philadelphia as a place of tolerance and named it such. “Philadelphia,” the City of Brotherly Love, derives from the Greek words “philos,” meaning love or friendship, and “adelphos,” meaning brother. 17. Philadelphia is now the sixth-largest city in the United States and is home to almost 1.6 million residents. About 200,000 Philadelphia residents, or 13 percent of the City’s overall population, are foreign-born, which includes approximately 50,000 undocumented immigrants. The number of undocumented Philadelphia residents therefore account for roughly one of every four foreign-born Philadelphians. 18. Defendant Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III is the Attorney General of the United States. The Attorney General is sued in his official capacity. The Attorney General is the federal official in charge of the United States Department of Justice, which took and threatens imminently to take the governmental actions at issue in this lawsuit.
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JURISDICTION AND VENUE 19. The Court has subject matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1346. The Court is authorized to issue the relief sought here under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 702, 705, 706, and the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201, 2202. 20. Venue is proper in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(e)(1) because substantial events giving rise to this action occurred therein and because Philadelphia resides therein and no real property is involved in this action.
FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS I. PHILADELPHIA’S POLICIES
21. As the City of Brotherly Love, Philadelphia is recognized as a vital hub for immigrants from across the globe who seek good jobs and better futures for themselves and their children. A study by the Brookings Institute found “Philadelphia’s current flow of immigrants [to be] sizable, varied, and . . . grow[ing] at a moderately fast clip.”7
22. Philadelphia’s policies developed over time to address the needs and concerns of its growing immigrant community. Today, Philadelphia has four sets of policies relevant to the present suit, as each concern the City’s efforts to engender trust with the City’s immigrant community and bring individuals from that community into the fold of City life. These policies work. They are discussed in turn below.
A. Philadelphia’s Police Department Memorandum 01-06 23. Decades ago, the Philadelphia Police Department recognized that a resident’s immigration status was irrelevant to effective policing and, if anything, that asking about an individual’s immigration status hampers police investigations. For that reason, PPD officers
7 Audrey Singer et al., Recent Immigration to Philadelphia: Regional Change in a Re-Emerging Gateway, Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings (Nov. 2008), https://goo.gl/pZOnJx.
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were trained to refrain from asking persons about their immigration status when investigating crimes or conducting routine patrols.
24. That practice was formalized into policy on May 17, 2001, when Philadelphia’s then-Police Commissioner John F. Timoney issued Memorandum 01-06, entitled “Departmental Policy Regarding Immigrants” (“Memorandum 01-06”).8 The Memorandum states that one of its overarching goals is for “the Police Department [to] preserve the confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to the maximum extent permitted by law.” Memorandum 01-06 ¶ 2B.
25. Memorandum 01-06 generally prohibits police officers in Philadelphia from unnecessarily disclosing individuals’ immigration status information to other entities. The Memorandum sets out this non-disclosure instruction, and three exceptions, as follows: “In order to safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant, police personnel will transmit such information to federal immigration authorities only when: (1) required by law, or (2) the immigrant requests, in writing, that the information be provided, to verify his or her immigration status, or (3) the immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, including attempts to obtain public assistance benefits through the use of fraudulent documents.” Memorandum 01-06 ¶¶ 3A-3B.
26. Notwithstanding the instruction to “safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant,” Memorandum 01-06 also directs police officers to continue adhering to typical law enforcement protocols for the reporting and investigating of crimes. Section 3B of the Memorandum provides that “[s]worn members of the Police Department who obtain information on immigrants suspected of criminal activity will comply with normal crime
8 A copy of Memorandum 01-06 is attached hereto as Exhibit 3. 9

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reporting and investigating procedures.” Id. ¶ 3B. This mandate applies irrespective of the criminal suspect’s identity or immigration status. Section 3C further instructs that “[t]he Philadelphia Police Department will continue to cooperate with federal authorities in investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities.” Id. ¶ 3C. But as to “immigrants who are victims of crimes,” the Memorandum provides a blanket assurance of confidentiality. Such persons “will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner.” Id.
27. The Philadelphia Police Department’s policy was motivated by the desire to encourage members of Philadelphia’s immigrant community to make use of City services and to cooperate with the police without fear of negative repercussions. See id. ¶¶ 2B, 3C. Indeed, an essential tenet of modern policing is that police departments should engender trust from the communities they serve so that members of those communities will come forward with reports of criminal wrongdoing, regardless of their immigration status or that of their loved ones. Numerous police chiefs and criminal law enforcement experts have echoed that finding.9
28. Philadelphia has witnessed firsthand the positive effects that increased trust between communities, including immigrant communities, and the police, has on law and order. In part due to the tireless efforts of the PPD to forge that trust with the immigrant community, the City has seen a drop in its overall crime rate.
29. The success of Philadelphia’s policies should come as no surprise. A systematic review of municipalities’ “sanctuary city” policies, defined as “at least one law or formal
9 See Hearing before the Comm. on Homeland Security & Gov’t Affairs of the United States Senate, May 24, 2014 (statement of J. Thomas Manger, Chief of Police of Montgomery County, Maryland) (conveying that the “moment” immigrant “victims and witnesses begin to fear that their local police will deport them, cooperation with their police then ceases”); Chuck Wexler, Police Chiefs Across the Country Support Sanctuary Cities Because They Keep Crime Down, L.A. Times (Mar. 6, 2017), https://goo.gl/oQs9AT (similar).
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resolution limiting local enforcement of immigration laws as of 2001,” found that policies of this
nature were inversely correlated with rates of robbery and homicide—meaning that “sanctuary policies” made cities safer.10 Indeed, cities with these policies saw lower rates of crime even among immigrant populations.11 Social science research confirms that when there is a concern of deportation, immigrant communities are less likely to approach the police to report crime.12
30. Recent events also confirm the positive relationship between policies that forge
community trust with immigrant populations and the overall reporting of crimes. Since President
Trump was elected and announced plans to increase deportations and crack down on so-called
sanctuary cities, overall crime reporting by Latinos in three major cities—including in Philadelphia—“markedly decline[d]” as compared to reporting by non-Latinos.13
B. Philadelphia’s Confidentiality Order
31. Philadelphia’s policies that engender confidence between its immigrant
population and City officials extend beyond its police-related protocols. Indeed, the City’s
hallmark policy in building trust with all city service offerings is its “Confidentiality Order,”
signed by then-Mayor Michael A. Nutter on November 10, 2009. See Executive Order No. 8-09,
10 See Christopher Lyons, Maria B. Ve’lez, & Wayne A. Santoro, Neighborhood Immigration, Violence, and City-Level Immigrant Political Opportunities, 78 American Sociological Review, no. 4, pp. 9, 14-19 (June 17, 2013). 11 Id. at 14, 18. 12 Cecilia Menjiyar & Cynthia L. Bejarano, Latino Immigrants’ Perceptions of Crime and Police Authorities in the United States: A Case Study from the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, 27 Ethnic and Racial Studies, no. 1, pp. 120-148 (Jan. 2004) (“As these cases illustrate, when there is a threat of immigration officials’ intervention, immigrants (particularly those who fear any contacts with these officials due to their uncertain legal status, as is the case of the Mexicans and Central Americans in this study) are more reluctant to call the police because they are aware of the links between the two.”). 13 Rob Arthur, Latinos in Three Cities Are Reporting Fewer Crimes Since Trump Took Office, FiveThirtyEight (May 18, 2017), https://goo.gl/ft1fwW (surveying trends in Philadelphia, Dallas, and Denver).
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“Policy Concerning Access of Immigrants to City Services” (“Confidentiality Order”).14 That policy recognizes that the City as a whole fares better if all residents, including undocumented immigrants, pursue health care services, enroll their children in public education, and report crimes.
32. The Confidentiality Order instructs City officials to protect the confidentiality of individuals’ immigration status information in order to “promote the utilization of [City] services by all City residents and visitors who are entitled to and in need of them, including immigrants.” See Confidentiality Order preamble. It intends that all immigrants, regardless of immigration status, equally come forward to access City services to which they are entitled, without having to fear “negative consequences to their personal lives.” Id. The Order defines “confidential information” as “any information obtained and maintained by a City agency related to an individual’s immigration status.” Id. § 3A.
33. The Confidentiality Order directs City officers and employees to refrain from affirmatively collecting information about immigration status, unless that information is necessary to the officer or employee’s specific task or the collection is otherwise required by law. The Order states: “No City officer or employee, other than law enforcement officers, shall inquire about a person’s immigration status unless: (1) documentation of such person’s immigration status is legally required for the determination of program, service or benefit eligibility . . . or (2) such officer or employee is required by law to inquire about such person’s immigration status.” Id. § 2A.
34. The Confidentiality Order has additional mandates for law enforcement officers. It directs that officers “shall not” stop, question, detain, or arrest an individual solely because of
14 A copy of the Confidentiality Order is attached hereto as Exhibit 4. 12

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his perceived immigration status; shall not “inquire about a person’s immigration status, unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime”; and shall not “inquire regarding immigration status for the purpose of enforcing immigration laws.” Id. §§ 2B(1), (2), (4). Witnesses and victims are afforded special protection: Law enforcement officers “shall not . . . inquire about the immigration status of crime victims, witnesses, or others who call or approach the police seeking help.” Id. § 2B(3).
35. The Confidentiality Order also requires City officers and employees to avoid making unnecessary disclosures of immigration status information that may inadvertently come into their possession. Id. § 3B (“No City officer or employee shall disclose confidential information[.]”). But the Order permits disclosure both by City “officer[s] or employee[s],” when “such disclosure is required by law,” or when the subject individual “is suspected . . . of engaging in criminal activity.” Id. § 3B(2)-(3).
36. Philadelphia’s Confidentiality Order, like the PPD’s Memorandum 01-06, is motivated by concerns among officials across local government—from the City’s health and social services departments to its law enforcement departments—that members of Philadelphia’s immigrant community, especially those who are undocumented, would otherwise not access the municipal services to which they and their families are entitled and would avoid reporting crimes to the police, for fear of exposing themselves or their family members to adverse immigration consequences. The City’s Confidentiality Order and Memorandum 01-06 play a vital role in mitigating undesired outcomes like neighborhoods where crimes go unreported, where families suffer from preventable diseases, and where children do not go to school.
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37. Indeed, notwithstanding the Attorney General’s claim that “[t]he residents of Philadelphia have been victimized” because the City has “giv[en] sanctuary to criminals,”15 Philadelphia’s crime statistics tell a very different story. Since 2009, when the Confidentiality Order was enacted, Philadelphia has witnessed a decrease in crime of over 17 percent, including a 20 percent decrease in violent crime. Tellingly, the Administration offers not a single statistic or fact to support their allegations otherwise—either publicly or as a part of the JAG solicitation announcing the requirement of the three new conditions. This is because the Administration has no support for its claims that sanctuary cities promote crime or lawlessness.
C. Philadelphia’s Policies on Responding to ICE Detainer and Notification Requests
38. On April 16, 2014, shortly after the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit issued a decision concluding that “detainer” requests sent by ICE are voluntary upon localities, see Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634, 640 (3d Cir. 2014), then-Mayor Nutter signed Executive Order No. 1-14, entitled “Policy Regarding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency Detainer Requests” (“Detainer Order I”).16
39. Detainer Order I stated that under the “Secure Communities” program, the U.S. Immigration and Customs and Enforcement Agency had been “shift[ing] the burden of federal civil immigration enforcement onto local law enforcement, including shifting costs of detention of individuals in local custody who would otherwise be released.” Detainer Order I preamble.
40. Accordingly, Detainer Order I announced a policy that “[n]o person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request . . . nor shall notice of his or her pending release be
15 Rebecca R. Ruiz, Sessions Presses Immigration Agenda in Philadelphia, a Sanctuary City, N.Y. Times (July 21, 2017), https://goo.gl/4EDuuo. 16 A copy of Detainer Order I is attached hereto as Exhibit 5.
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provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” Id. § 1. The Order instructed the “Police Commissioner, the Superintendent of Prisons and all other relevant officials of the City” to “take appropriate action to implement this order.” Id. § 2.
41. Detainer Order I was partly rescinded at the end of then-Mayor Nutter’s term. After his election and upon taking office, on January 4, 2016, Mayor James F. Kenney signed a new order dealing with ICE detainer and notification requests. Its title was the same as Mayor Nutter’s prior order and it was numbered Executive Order No. 5-16 (“Detainer Order II”).17
42. Detainer Order II states that, although ICE had “recently discontinued its ‘Secure Communities’ program” and “the Department of Homeland Security and ICE have initiated the new Priority Enforcement Program (PEP) to replace Secure Communities[,] . . . it is incumbent upon the Federal government and its agencies to both listen to individuals concerned with this new program, and ensure that community members are both informed and invested in the program’s success.” Detainer Order II preamble. Until that occurs, Detainer Order II directs that Philadelphia officers “should not comply with detainer requests unless they are supported by a judicial warrant and they pertain to an individual being released after conviction for a first or second-degree felony involving violence.” Id.
43. Detainer Order II therefore provides: “No person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request . . . nor shall notice of his or her pending release be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” Id. § 1. The Order instructs “the Police
17 A copy of Detainer Order II is attached hereto as Exhibit 6.
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Commissioner, the Prisons Commissioner and all other relevant officials of the City” to “take appropriate action to implement this order.” Id. § 2.
44. As a result of Detainer Orders I and II, Philadelphia prison authorities stopped notifying ICE of the forthcoming release of inmates, unless ICE provided the authorities a notification request that was accompanied by a judicial warrant. This has been the practice in the prisons since the signing of Detainer Order I in April 2014 through the date of this filing. Because the vast majority of individuals in Philadelphia’s prison facilities are pre-trial or presentence detainees, however, the vast majority of detainer or notification requests that the City receives from ICE concern persons without scheduled release dates. Since January 2016, only three individuals for whom ICE sent Philadelphia detainer or notification requests and who were in City custody had been serving a sentence after being convicted of a crime. Every other individual for whom ICE sent a detainer or notification request during that time period was an individual in a pre-trial, pre-sentencing, or temporary detention posture, whose release could often be ordered with no advance notification to local authorities.
45. On March 22, 2017, the City’s First Deputy Managing Director, Brian Abernathy, clarified by memorandum that, although Executive Order 5-16 (Detainer Order II) suggested that in order for the City to cooperate with an ICE notification request, there needed to be both a “judicial warrant” and a prior conviction by the inmate for a first or second degree felony, that text did not and does not reflect the practice of the City’s prisons.18 Mr. Abernathy explained that the historical practice of the Department of Prisons has been to “cooperat[e] with all federal criminal warrants, including criminal warrants obtained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement,” and “[b]y signing Executive Order 5-16, Mayor Kenney did not intend to alter
18 A copy of Mr. Abernathy’s March 22, 2017 internal memorandum is attached hereto as Exhibit 7.
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this cooperation.” Accordingly, Mr. Abernathy’s memorandum stated that “the Department is directed to continue to cooperate with all federal agencies, including ICE, when presented with a warrant to the same extent it cooperated before Executive Order 5-16.” Philadelphia therefore continues to comply with ICE advance notification requests, regardless of the crime for which the individual was convicted, when ICE also presents a “judicial warrant.”
46. Philadelphia’s policies on detainer requests—that is, of complying with ICE requests to detain an individual for a brief period of time or to provide advance notification of a person’s release only if ICE presents a judicial warrant—serve an important function in the City. Like Police Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order, these policies forge trust with the immigrant community because they convey the message that Philadelphia’s local law enforcement authorities are not federal immigration enforcement agents. They tell residents that if they find themselves in the City’s custody and are ordered released, they will be released—not turned over to ICE unless a judge has determined such action is warranted. For instance, if a member of the immigrant community is arrested for a petty infraction and is temporarily detained in a Philadelphia Prison facility, or if he or she is arrested and then released the next morning, the City will not voluntarily detain that individual at the request of ICE or alert ICE to their release—unless, in the rare circumstance, ICE presents a judicial warrant. This message of assurance is important to community trust: Philadelphia’s residents do not have to fear that each and every encounter with the local police is going to land them in an ICE detention center. After all, lawful immigrants and even citizens can be wrongfully caught up in alleged immigration enforcement actions.
47. Philadelphia’s detainer policies also ensure fair treatment for all of Philadelphia’s residents, immigrants and non-immigrants alike. Just as Philadelphia would not detain an
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individual at the request of the FBI for 48 hours without a judicial warrant, Philadelphia will not do so at the request of ICE. The City believes that all persons should be treated with equal dignity and respect, whatever their national origin or immigration status.
D. Philadelphia’s Policies on ICE Access to Prisons 48. The Philadelphia Prison System (“PPS”) is managed by the Philadelphia Department of Prisons (“PDP”). PDP operates six facilities: (1) the Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility, which is PPS’ largest facility and contains 256 cells; (2) the Detention Center; (3) the House of Correction; (4) the Philadelphia Industrial Correctional Center (“PICC”); (5) the Riverside Correctional Facility; and (6) the Alternative & Special Detention facilities. 49. Across these six facilities, the inmate population is roughly 6,700. Approximately 17 percent of those inmates are serving time for criminal sentences imposed, and the remaining 83 percent inmates are all in a pre-trial posture (roughly 78 percent of inmates), a pre-sentencing posture (roughly 2 percent of inmates), or some other form of temporary detention (roughly 3 percent of inmates). Of the 17 percent serving sentences, none are serving sentences longer than 23 months, and approximately 30 percent are serving sentences of one year or less. 50. In May 2017, the Philadelphia Department of Prisons implemented a new protocol providing that ICE may only interview an inmate if the inmate consents in writing to that interview. To implement this protocol, the Department of Prisons created a new “consent form,” to be provided to any inmate in a PPS facility whom ICE seeks to interview. The consent
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form informs the individual that “Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) wants to interview you” and that “[y]ou have the right to agree or to refuse this interview.”19
51. The new consent-based policy for ICE access to PPS facilities was put in place to help protect prisoners’ constitutional rights to decline speaking with law enforcement authorities against their will or to speak only with such authorities in the presence of counsel if they so choose. The consent-based policy also ensures the orderly administration of Philadelphia’s prisons, by avoiding the unnecessary expenditure of time and resources that would otherwise occur were inmates to be delivered to interviews with ICE only then to exercise their constitutional rights to remain silent or have counsel present.
E. Other Relevant Policies and Practices 52. In addition to the above policies, each of which are important for strengthening Philadelphia’s relationship with its immigrant communities and fostering the health and welfare of the City, Philadelphia also believes that combatting crime is a leading—and entirely consistent—policy priority. To that effect, the Philadelphia Police Department routinely cooperates with federal law enforcement authorities in detecting, combatting, and holding people accountable for crimes committed in the City or by residents of the City, irrespective of the identity of the perpetrator or their immigration status. For instance, Philadelphia actively participates in a number of federal task forces, including the Violent Crimes Task Force; the Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosive (ATF) Task Force; the FBI Terrorism Task Force; Joint Terrorism Task Force; the Human Trafficking Task Force; and the U.S. Marshals Service’s Task Force.
19 See Philadelphia Department of Prisons “Inmate Consent Form – ICE Interview,” attached hereto as Exhibit 8.
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53. Philadelphia also uses a number of databases as part of its regular police work and law enforcement activities. Philadelphia’s use of these databases provides the federal government notice about—and identifying information for—persons stopped, detained, arrested, or convicted of a crime in the City. In turn, federal authorities can use information derived from those databases to obtain knowledge about undocumented persons of interest in the City. The databases Philadelphia uses include:
a. The FBI’s National Crime Information Center (“NCIC”) database: The Philadelphia Police Department’s protocol is for its officers to voluntarily and regularly use the NCIC database as they engage in criminal law enforcement. For instance, Philadelphia police officers are trained to run an NCIC “look-up” for all individuals who are subjected to “investigative detention” by the police, for the purpose of determining if an outstanding warrant has been issued for the individual whether in Philadelphia or another jurisdiction. If the officer is able to collect the person’s date of birth or license plate information, NCIC protocols mandate that that information will also be entered into NCIC.
b. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”)20: As part of a routine and longstanding protocol, at the time a person in Philadelphia is arrested, his or her fingerprints are inputted into Philadelphia’s AFIS platform, which feeds automatically into Pennsylvania’s identification bureau and then to the FBI. The FBI in turn has the capacity to run
20 Philadelphia recently transitioned to the Multimodal Biometric Identification System (“MBIS”), which is the next generation to AFIS. But because the FBI refers to the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”), we use AFIS here.
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fingerprints against the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”), a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI, and the Automated Biometric Identification System (“IDENT”), a DHS-wide system for storing and processing biometric data for national security and border management purposes. c. The Preliminary Arraignment System (“PARS”): PARS is a database maintained by the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Police Department, and the Philadelphia District Attorney. The purpose of the database is to give information that the police collect upon an arrest directly to the District Attorney’s Office. Based upon an end-user license agreement signed with ICE in 2008 and amended in 2010, ICE has access to criminal information in the PARS database, i.e., to information about people suspected of criminal activity and entered into the system. 54. Philadelphia does not have visibility into how various federal agencies use or share information derived from the above databases with one another. But to Philadelphia’s awareness and understanding, the federal government can use the NCIC, AFIS, and PARS databases to look up persons of interest to the federal government (including ICE) and determine whether they are in Philadelphia’s custody or otherwise in the City. II. THE BYRNE JAG PROGRAM AND 2017 GRANT CONDITIONS A. Overview of the Byrne JAG Program 55. Congress created the modern-day Byrne JAG program in 2005 as part of the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act. See Pub. L. No. 109162 (codified at 42 U.S.C. § 3751 et seq.). In fashioning the present-day Byrne JAG grant,
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Congress merged two prior grant programs that had also provided criminal justice assistance funding to states and localities. These two predecessor grant programs were the Edward Byrne Memorial Formula Grant Program, created in 1988, and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Program.21
56. Today, grants under the Byrne JAG program are the primary source of federal criminal justice funding for states and localities. As stated in a 2005 House Report accompanying the bill, the program’s goal is to provide State and local governments the “flexibility to spend money for programs that work for them rather than to impose a ‘one size fits all’ solution” for local policing. See H.R. Rep. No. 109-233, at 89 (2005).
57. The authorizing statute for the Byrne JAG program provides that localities can apply for funds to support a range of local programming to strengthen their criminal justice systems. For instance, localities can apply for funds to support “law enforcement programs, prosecution and court programs, prevention and education programs, corrections and community corrections programs, drug treatment and enforcement programs,” and “crime victim and witness programs.” 42 U.S.C. § 3751(a)(1).
58. Byrne JAG funding is structured as a formula grant, awarding funds to all eligible grantees according to a prescribed formula. See 42 U.S.C. § 3755(d)(2)(A). The formula for states is a function of population and violent crime, see id. § 3755(a), while the formula for local governments is a function of the state’s allocation and of the ratio of violent crime in that locality to violent crime in the state as a whole, see id. § 3755(d).
59. Unlike discretionary grants, which agencies award on a competitive basis, “formula grants . . . are not awarded at the discretion of a state or federal agency, but are
21 See Nathan James, Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (“JAG”) Program, Congressional Research Service (Jan. 3, 2013), https://goo.gl/q8Tr6z.
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awarded pursuant to a statutory formula.” City of Los Angeles v. McLaughlin, 865 F.2d 1084, 1088 (9th Cir. 1989). States and local governments are entitled to their share of the Byrne JAG formula allocation as long as their proposed programs fall within at least one of eight broadlydefined goals, see 42 U.S.C. § 3751(a)(1)(A)-(H), and their applications contain a series of statutorily prescribed certifications and attestations, see id. § 3752(a).
60. Philadelphia has filed direct applications for Byrne JAG funding every year since the program’s inception in 2005. All of its applications have been granted; the City has never been denied Byrne JAG funds for which it applied. For instance, in FY 2016, Philadelphia received $1.67 million in its direct Byrne JAG award. That award was dated August 23, 2016. In FY 2015, the City received $1.6 million in its direct Byrne JAG award. Over the past eleven years, excluding funds received as part of the 2009 Recovery Act, Philadelphia’s annual Byrne JAG award has averaged $2.17 million and has ranged between $925,591 (in 2008) to $3.13 million (in 2005).
61. The City is also eligible for, and has previously been awarded, competitive subgrants from the annual Byrne JAG award to the State of Pennsylvania.
62. Philadelphia uses the federal funding provided by the Byrne JAG program to support a number of priorities within and improvements to its criminal justice system. In recent years, a significant portion of Philadelphia’s Byrne JAG funding has gone towards Philadelphia Police Department technology and equipment enhancements, training, and over-time payments to police officers. Philadelphia has also drawn upon Byrne JAG funds to finance upgrades to courtroom technology in the City; to enable the District Attorney’s Office to purchase new technology and invest in training programs for Assistant District Attorneys; to support juvenile delinquency programs for the City’s youth; to bolster reentry programs for formerly incarcerated
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individuals seeking to reenter the community; to operate alternative rehabilitation programs for low-level offenders with substance use disorders; to make physical improvements to blighted communities with Clean and Seal teams; and to improve indigent criminal defense services. It is clear, then, that the funds that the City receives from the Byrne JAG program play a vital role in many facets of the City’s criminal justice programming.
B. Conditions for Byrne JAG Funding 63. The statute creating the Byrne JAG program authorizes the Attorney General to impose a limited set of conditions on applicants. First, the statute authorizes the Attorney General to require that applicants supply information about their intended use of the grant funding, and to demonstrate that they will spend the money on purposes envisioned by the statute. See 42 U.S.C. § 3752(a)(2) & (5) (the Attorney General can insist upon assurances by applicants that “the programs to be funded by the grant meet all the requirements of this part” and “that Federal funds . . . will not be used to supplant State or local funds”). Second, the statute allows the Attorney General to require that applicants provide information about their budget protocols; for instance, he can insist that a recipient of a Byrne JAG “maintain and report such data, records, and information (programmatic and financial) as [he] may reasonably require.” Id. § 3752(a)(4). Third, the Attorney General can demand that localities “certif[y],” in conjunction with their applications for funding, that they “will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 3752(a)(5)(D). Finally, the statute authorizes the Attorney General to “issue Rules to carry out this part.” Id. § 3754. 64. That is all. The above delegations of authority do not include a general grant of authority to the Attorney General to impose new obligations the Attorney General himself creates and that are neither traceable to existing “applicable Federal law[]” nor reflected in
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“provisions of this part” (i.e., the JAG statute itself). See id. § 3752(a)(5)(D). Congress’ decision not to delegate to the Attorney General such a broad scope of authority was intentional and clear.
65. Time and time again, Congress has demonstrated that it knows how to confer agency discretion to add substantive conditions to federal grants when it wants to. See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. § 3796gg-1(e)(3) (authorizing the Attorney General to “impose reasonable conditions on grant awards” in a different program created by the Omnibus Control and Safe Streets Act); 42 U.S.C. § 14135(c)(1) (providing that the Attorney General shall “distribute grant amounts, and establish grant conditions . . .”); see also Andrus v. Glover Const. Co., 446 U.S. 608, 616-617 (1980) (“Where Congress explicitly enumerates certain exceptions,” its “omission” of a different exception means “only one inference can be drawn: Congress meant to” exclude that provision).
66. Furthermore, the Attorney General has never imposed conditions on Byrne JAG applicants beyond the bounds of his statutory authority, i.e., conditions that neither reflect “applicable Federal laws” nor that relate to the disbursement of the grants themselves. For instance, the FY 2016 JAG funds awarded to Philadelphia on August 23, 2016 included many “special conditions.” Philadelphia had to certify, among other things, that it:
a. complies with the Department of Justice’s “Part 200” Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements;
b. adheres to the “DOJ Grants Financial Guide”; c. will “collect and maintain data that measure the performance and
effectiveness of activities under this award”; d. recognizes that federal funds “may not be used by the recipient, or any
subrecipient” on “lobbying” activities;
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e. “agrees to assist BJA in complying with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) . . . in the use of these grant funds”;
f. will ensure any recipients, subrecipients, or employees of recipients do not engage in any “conduct related to trafficking in persons”;
g. will ensure that any recipient or subrecipient will “comply with all applicable requirements of 28 C.F.R. Part 42” (pertaining to civil rights and non-discrimination).22
67. These conditions almost all relate to the administration and expenditure of the grant itself. The few conditions that apply to the general conduct of the recipient or subrecipient are expressly made applicable to federal grantees by statute. The Department of Justice’s new conditions do not apply to the expenditure of the grant funding, and neither the jail access nor advance notification conditions discussed below invoke any existing federal law or statute. Meanwhile, the Section 1373 condition refers to a federal law that is wholly inapplicable to the JAG grant. The Department offered no statistics, studies, or legal authority to support its imposition of these 2017 conditions as promoting public safety and the law enforcement purposes of the JAG program.
68. Had Congress authorized the Attorney General to create new substantive conditions for Byrne JAG funds at his choosing, that would have upended Congress’ formula approach for distributing funds under the program based on population and violent crime. That in turn would have resulted in the allocating of grants according to criteria invented by the Department of Justice. That is not the program Congress created. See Amalgamated Transit Union v. Skinner, 894 F.2d 1362, 1364 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (“Where Congress prescribes the form
22 All of these conditions appear in Philadelphia’s FY 2016 JAG award, attached as Exhibit 9. 26

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in which an agency may exercise its authority, . . . we cannot elevate the goals of an agency’s action, however reasonable, over that prescribed form.”).
C. Section 1373 Condition 69. On February 26, 2016, Congressman John Culberson, Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies, sent a letter to then-Attorney General Loretta Lynch, inquiring whether recipients of Department of Justice grants were complying with Section 1373.23 70. The Culberson letter spurred the Office of Justice Programs (“OJP”) at the Department of Justice to ask that the Department’s Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) investigate local jurisdictions’ compliance with Section 1373. In an email sent from OJP to Inspector General Michael Horowitz on April 8, 2016, OJP indicated that it had “received information” indicating that several jurisdictions who receive OJP funding may be in violation of Section 1373 and attached a spreadsheet of over 140 state and local jurisdictions that it wanted OIG to investigate.24 71. On May 31, 2016, Inspector General Horowitz transmitted a report to Department of Justice Assistant Attorney General Karol Mason, reviewing the policies of ten state and local jurisdictions, including Philadelphia, and whether they comply with Section
23 See Letter from Cong. Culberson to Attorney General Lynch (Feb. 26, 2016), available at https://goo.gl/Cytb3B. Congressman Culberson’s letter was accompanied by analysis from the Center for Immigration Studies, a non-profit institute that describes itself as “animated by a ‘low-immigration, pro-immigrant’ vision of America that admits fewer immigrants but affords a warmer welcome for those who are admitted.” About the Center for Immigration Studies, Center for Immigration Studies (last visited August 29, 2017 2:42 PM EDT), https://goo.gl/GrsfoQ. 24 See Memorandum from Department of Justice Inspector General Michael Horowitz to Assistant Attorney General Karol Mason (May 31, 2016) (describing OJP’s earlier email to OIG). A copy of this memorandum is attached as Exhibit 10.
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1373.25 The other jurisdictions analyzed were: Connecticut, California, City of Chicago (Illinois), Clark County (Nevada), Cook County (Illinois), Miami-Dade (Florida), Milwaukee County (Wisconsin), Orleans Parish (Louisiana), and New York City. The report expressed “concerns” with several of the localities’ laws and policies. The report did not analyze the effects of any of the ten local jurisdictions’ policies on crime rates or public safety.
72. On July 7, 2016, Assistant Attorney General Mason, who then oversaw the Office of Justice Programs, sent a Memorandum to Inspector General Horowitz conveying that, in response to OIG’s report, “the Office of Justice Programs has determined that Section 1373 is an applicable federal law for the purposes of the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistant Grant (JAG) program and the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP).”26 There was no analysis supporting this conclusion whatsoever, nor any explanation for why OJP had not reached that conclusion during the prior ten years that it administered the JAG program.
73. Also on July 7, 2016, the Office of Justice Programs released a Question and Answer “Guidance” document, entitled “Office of Justice Programs Guidance Regarding Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.”27 The Q&A Guidance document stated that under the Department’s new policy, “[a] JAG grantee is required to assure and certify compliance with all applicable federal statutes, including Section 1373.” The document explained that Section 1373 “prevents federal, state, and local government entities and officials from ‘prohibit[ing] or in any way restrict[ing]’ government officials or entities from sending to, or receiving from, federal immigration officers information concerning an individual’s citizenship or immigration status.” But it further stated that “Section 1373 does not impose on states and localities the affirmative
25 Id. 26 Memorandum from Assistant Attorney General Karol Mason to Inspector General Michael Horowitz (July 7, 2016). A copy of this memorandum is attached as Exhibit 11. 27 A copy of this guidance document is attached as Exhibit 12.
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obligation to collect information from private individuals regarding their immigration status, nor does it require that statutes and localities take specific actions upon obtaining such information.”
74. On October 6, 2016, OJP released a document entitled “Additional Guidance Regarding Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.”28 That document addressed the question, “Does OJP’s guidance on 8 U.S.C. § 1373 impact FY 2016 funding?” And it answered: “No FY 2016 or prior year Byrne/JAG or SCAAP funding will be impacted. However, OJP expects that JAG and SCAAP recipients will use this time to examine their policies and procedures to ensure they will be able to submit the required assurances when applying for JAG and SCAAP funding in FY 2017.”
75. As DOJ has conceded, Section 1373 imposes no affirmative obligation on state or local entities to collect immigration status information or take any specific actions upon receiving immigration status information. Nor does the statutory provision address ICE detainer requests or release-date notification requests.
76. Within a week of taking office, on January 25, 2017, President Trump issued Executive Order 13768, a sweeping order aimed at punishing “sanctuary” jurisdictions. Entitled “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,” the order announced that it is the policy of the Executive Branch to withhold “Federal funds” from “jurisdictions that fail to comply with applicable Federal law” by acting as “sanctuary jurisdictions.” Exec. Order 13768 §§ 1, 2(c). The Order directed the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security to “ensure that jurisdictions that willfully refuse to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (sanctuary jurisdictions) are not eligible to receive Federal grants,” and authorized the Secretary of DHS to “designate, in his discretion and to the extent consistent with law, a jurisdiction as a sanctuary
28 A copy of this guidance document is attached as Exhibit 13. 29

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jurisdiction.” Id. § 8(a). The Order was ultimately enjoined in large part by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California because the court found that it violated multiple constitutional provisions. County of Santa Clara v. Trump, --- F. Supp. 3d ----, 2017 WL 1459081 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017).
77. As the Santa Clara case unfolded, the Trump Administration sharpened its focus—both within the context of that lawsuit and more broadly—on denying local jurisdictions grants disbursed by the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security in particular, as the mechanism for carrying out the Administration’s efforts to crack down on so-called sanctuary cities. At the preliminary injunction hearing in March in the Santa Clara case, the lawyer for the government represented that the Executive Order only applied to three federal grants administered by the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security. Id. at *1.
78. On April 21, 2017, the Department of Justice sent letters to Philadelphia and eight other jurisdictions “alert[ing]” the recipients that “under the terms of your FY 2016 Byrne JAG grant, award 2016 DJ-BX-0949 from the Office of Justice Programs (‘OJP’), your jurisdiction is required to submit documentation to OJP that validates your jurisdiction is in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.”29 The letter went on that “this documentation must be accompanied by an official legal opinion from counsel . . . [and] must be submitted to OJP no later than June 30, 2017.” It provided that “[f]ailure to comply with this condition could result in the withholding of grant funds, suspension, or termination of the grant, ineligibility for future OJP grants or subgrants, or other action, as appropriate.”
29 Letter from Alan R. Hanson to Mayor Jim Kenney, supra note 4. Connecticut does not appear to have received such a letter, but the other nine jurisdictions in the OIG report did. See https://goo.gl/r16Gmb (collecting letters from Alan R. Hanson dated April 21, 2017).
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79. On June 22, 2017, Philadelphia City Solicitor Sozi Pedro Tulante signed a formal “certification” memorandum declaring that the City determined it is in compliance with Section 1373 and explaining why.30 The letter was addressed to Tracey Trautman, Acting Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance at the Department of Justice and submitted to DOJ that day.
80. Philadelphia certified that, as a general matter, it does not collect immigration status information from its residents. Both Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order bar City officials and employees from asking residents or other persons within the City for such information, subject to discrete exceptions. Philadelphia certified that it neither restricts nor prohibits its officials and employees from sharing immigration-status information with the federal government in contravention of Section 1373, because as a result of the City’s aforementioned policies, the City is rarely in possession of that type of information.
81. Philadelphia also certified that it complies with Section 1373 because its policies allow for the sharing of immigration-status and other identifying information with federal authorities in the case of criminals or persons suspected of crime. Both the Confidentiality Order and Memorandum 06-01 mandate the continued cooperation between local officers and federal authorities in combating crime. Further, those policies allow for the disclosure and “transmi[ssion] . . . to federal authorities” of confidential information (i.e., immigration status information) by Philadelphia police officers when the individual is suspected of engaging in criminal activity.31 The Confidentiality Order and Memorandum 01-06 also contain “savings clauses,” which permit inquiry into or disclosure of immigration status information if “required by law.”
30 A copy of the City’s certification memorandum is attached hereto as Exhibit 14. 31 See Exhibit 14, at 7 (citing Sections 2B and 2C of the Confidentiality Order and Parts 3B and 3C of Memorandum 06-01).
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82. Philadelphia also explained how its everyday law enforcement practices comply with Section 1373. Specifically, Philadelphia’s use of the FBI’s National Crime Information Center (“NCIC”) database, its sharing access with ICE to certain information in the City’s Preliminary Arraignment System (“PARS”) database, and its use of the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”), all enable federal immigration authorities to access identifying information about any persons stopped, detained, arrested, or convicted of a crime in the City.
83. Philadelphia acknowledged that for witnesses of crimes, victims of crimes, and law-abiding persons seeking City services, its policies do mean that immigration status information, to the extent it inadvertently comes into the City’s possession, is ordinarily not disclosed to the federal government. But Philadelphia contended that Section 1373 cannot be construed to require the City to disclose confidential information about those persons because reading the statute in such a manner would raise constitutional problems. Specifically, construing Section 1373 to impose that type of mandate on the City would undermine its core police powers under the U.S. Constitution and its critical interests in protecting the safety and welfare of its residents.
84. Philadelphia reserved the right to challenge the Section 1373 certification requirement on several grounds in its June 22, 2017 submission. Notably, it reserved the argument that the DOJ’s insistence that localities certify compliance with Section 1373 as a condition of receiving Byrne JAG grants is itself unlawful and beyond the authority that Congress delegated to the Attorney General. It also argued that making JAG grants contingent on compliance with Section 1373 violates the Spending Clause.
85. Days after receiving certifications from Philadelphia and other jurisdictions, the Department of Justice expressed non-specific concerns with those submissions. It issued a press
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release saying that “some of these jurisdictions have boldly asserted that they will not comply with requests from federal immigration authorities,” and that “[i]t is not enough to assert compliance, the jurisdictions must actually be in compliance.”32 Although the press release noted that the DOJ was “in the process of reviewing” the certifications and planned to “examine these claims carefully,” it has since provided no further guidance on the matter, has not indicated which certifications it finds problematic, and has not responded to Philadelphia’s certification specifically.33
D. July 2017 Announcement Regarding Advance Notification and Jail Access Conditions
86. On July 25, 2017, the Department of Justice announced two more significant changes that it would be unilaterally making—without authority—to the Byrne JAG application process. In a two-paragraph press release and accompanying press “backgrounder,” the Department announced that in addition to requiring applicants for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG award to again certify their compliance with Section 1373, applicants would be required to adhere to two additional conditions.34 These conditions are (1) the “advance notification” condition and (2) the “jail access” condition.
87. Under the advance notification condition, the Department of Justice will now require Byrne JAG grantees to “provide at least 48 hours’ advance notice to DHS regarding the scheduled release date and time of an alien in the jurisdiction’s custody when DHS requests such notice in order to take custody of the alien pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act.”35
32 See Exhibit 2. 33 Id. 34 Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Attorney General Sessions Announces Immigration Compliance Requirements for Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Programs (July 25, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/KBwVNP. 35 See Exhibit 1.
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88. The Department did not define the term “scheduled release date” as a part of the advance notification condition. The Federal Bureau of Prisons defines “date of release” as the “date of the expiration of the prisoner’s term of imprisonment, less any time credited toward the service of the prisoner’s sentence . . . .” 18 U.S.C. § 3624. Similarly, within the Philadelphia Department of Prisons, only inmates serving sentences would have “scheduled release dates.” Accordingly, the advance notification condition appears to apply only to those inmates in Philadelphia’s prisons who have been convicted of crimes and are serving sentences—not to the roughly 83% of inmates in PPS facilities who are in a pre-trial, pre-sentence, or other temporary detention posture, many of whom may be ordered released with less than 48 hours’ notice (i.e., because they post bond or the charges against them are dropped). But this is far from clear.
89. Under the jail access condition, the Department of Justice will now require Byrne JAG grantees to “permit personnel of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to access any correctional or detention facility in order to meet with an alien (or an individual believed to be an alien) and inquire as to his or her right to be or remain in the United States.”36 Like the advance notification condition, the jail access condition is vague and ambiguous; it gives no indication of what “access” means, and whether jurisdictions will be deemed compliant as long as they permit ICE personnel to access their facilities in order to meet with inmates who have in turn consented to such meetings. By its broadest construction, this requirement appears to mandate that federal immigration agents be given unprecedented and unfettered access to local correctional or detention facilities, including to meet with and to question inmates on a nonconsensual basis and/or without notice of their right to have counsel present.
36 See id.; see also U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Overview of Legal Requirements Generally Applicable to OJP Grants and Cooperative Agreements - FY 2017 Awards (last visited Aug. 29, 2017, 2:42 PM EDT), https://goo.gl/PcnsXV. A printed copy of this webpage is attached as Exhibit 15.
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90. The application deadline for local FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding—the grant for which cities, such as Philadelphia, apply—is September 5, 2017.37
91. The Department of Justice’s July 25, 2017 announcement was accompanied by virtually no explanation for the change in policy and no opportunity for public notice and comment. The Department did not explain how it arrived at these conditions or what alternatives it considered. The press release is also noticeably silent as to the purpose of the Byrne JAG program and the ways in which the newly-imposed conditions—or even complying with Section 1373—relate to, let alone serve to advance, the interests of the Byrne JAG program. The Department also failed to provide law enforcement with any guidance as to how the conditions will operate in practice.
92. As a result of the Department of Justice’s actions, for Philadelphia to apply for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant on September 5, 2017 and receive the award, the City will have to (1) certify again its compliance with Section 1373, (2) be prepared to adhere to the advance notification condition, and (3) be prepared to comply with the jail access condition, despite the ambiguity about what each condition will entail.
93. Although Philadelphia is confident that it complies with Section 1373 and has certified as much, the Department of Justice has not responded to Philadelphia’s June 22, 2017 certification nor provided the City any guidance on the matter. All the while, the Administration has made confusing and threatening public statements that leave the City uncertain as to whether its certification in the FY 2017 application will be accepted. Likewise, Philadelphia believes that its jail access policy may comply with the new jail access condition, because Philadelphia
37 U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program: FY 2017 Local Solicitation (Aug. 3, 2017), https://goo.gl/SfiKMM. A copy of the FY 2017 JAG Local Solicitation is attached as Exhibit 16.
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allows ICE agents to enter PPS facilities to meet with individuals who have consented to such meetings; and Philadelphia believes its detainer and notification policies do not meaningfully interfere with the Department of Justice’s prerogatives, because while Philadelphia does not provide advance notification of release without a judicial warrant, it rarely if ever gets notification requests from ICE for inmates who have scheduled release dates. However, Philadelphia is left only to wonder whether the Department of Justice will accept these contentions because the jail access and advance notification conditions are inscrutably vague. III. IMPACT OF THE NEW JAG CONDITIONS ON PHILADELPHIA
94. None of the three new conditions imposed by the Department of Justice upon applicants for FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding can withstand legal scrutiny.
95. The authorizing statute creating the Byrne JAG grant program does not delegate authority to the Attorney General to impose these conditions. Rather, the authorizing statute allows the Attorney General to insist that applicants “comply with all … applicable Federal laws.” 42 U.S.C. § 3752(a)(5)(D). None of the three conditions constitutes “applicable” federal requirements. Each deals with civil immigration enforcement—something wholly inapplicable to criminal justice grants. And the last two conditions are not reflected in any existing federal law whatsoever: There is no federal law requiring local jurisdictions to provide ICE “at least 48 hours’ advance notice” before they release alleged aliens in their custody, and there is no federal law requiring jurisdictions to grant access to DHS officials to their detention facilities.
96. In fact, Congress has considered—and failed to enact—legislation that would have stripped federal funding from states and localities that do not provide ICE advance notification of the release of persons for whom detainer requests have been sent. See, e.g., Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act §3(a)(2), S. 1300, 114th Cong. (rejected by Senate July 6, 2016)
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(entities that do not “comply with a detainer for, or notify about the release of, an individual” in response to requests made by ICE shall be ineligible for public works and economic development grants and community development block grants). The fact that Congress failed to pass bills of this type demonstrates that Congress considered and then chose not to link federal spending to advance notification.
97. The Department of Justice’s new conditions also represent a sharp break with past agency practice. The agency has never before attached any conditions of this nature to Byrne JAG funds.
98. The Department of Justice’s imposition of the conditions violates several bedrock constitutional principles. The Department’s actions violate the Separation of Powers between Congress and the Executive. They also exceed limits on the federal government’s ability to place conditions on federal funds under the Spending Clause. In particular, although conditions on federal funds must be germane to the purpose of the federal program, the Department’s new conditions bear no relation to the purpose of the Byrne JAG program. Moreover, the conditions are woefully ambiguous, leaving cities like Philadelphia guessing as to how to comply. At its worst, this ambiguity threatens to induce unconstitutional action, as the conditions could potentially be construed to require localities to detain individuals of interest to ICE even after they have been ordered released.
99. If the City is forced to comply with the Department’s new conditions in order to receive its FY 2017 JAG award, and if those conditions are not construed in accordance with constitutional and reasonable limits, the result would be that Philadelphia would be forced to significantly change several of its policies. In turn, such changes would compromise the City’s criminal enforcement, public safety, and health and welfare.
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100. Philadelphia believes that it does already comply with Section 1373 when read in light of the U.S. Constitution. But if Section 1373 is interpreted to extend to victims, witnesses, and law-abiding persons in the City—and to require that Philadelphia allow for the unfettered disclosure to federal authorities of those persons’ immigration status information—that would require Philadelphia to overhaul several of its policies, including Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order. The trust that Philadelphia has worked so hard to build with its immigrant population would be broken, and the City’s efforts to prosecute crimes to completion, provide redress to victims, and ensure full access to City services, would be hindered.
101. Philadelphia also believes that it may already comply with the jail access condition. The Department of Justice did not define the term “access” or explicitly state that jurisdictions must permit entry to ICE even when an inmate refuses to speak with ICE; Philadelphia, meanwhile, allows for meetings to which inmates consent. However, the condition as written is exceedingly vague, and in its most unreasonable light could be read to insist that jurisdictions provide federal agents unrestrained entry to their detention facilities. Requiring Philadelphia to apply for the FY 2017 grant amidst this uncertainty is harmful in itself, and if the Department takes an extreme reading, it could result in forcing Philadelphia to sacrifice an important local prerogative. Philadelphia should not be compelled to abandon its efforts to protect the constitutional rights of its inmates, nor to take actions that will sow the very fear and mistrust among the immigrant population that the City has worked so hard to overcome.
102. Philadelphia further believes that its notification and detainer policies do not meaningfully conflict with the Department of Justice’s policy concerns that underlie the advance notification condition. Although Philadelphia only provides advance notification of an inmate’s release when ICE presents a judicial warrant, ICE rarely sends advance notification requests for
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inmates who have scheduled release dates. Given the ambiguity and lack of explanation for the condition, however, Philadelphia cannot be sure that the Department will accept the City’s position. Requiring Philadelphia to apply for the FY 2017 grant amidst this uncertainty is harmful in itself, and if the Department seeks to apply the condition in its most extreme and unreasonable light, it could result in forcing Philadelphia to sacrifice an important local prerogative.
103. If the City’s application for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG award is rejected or withheld, or if its award is clawed back, either because the Department of Justice rejects the City’s Section 1373 certification, or because the Department insists on certain activities pursuant to the advance notification and jail access conditions and the City refuses to comply, the vitality of Philadelphia’s criminal justice programs would be placed in jeopardy.
104. As a result of the injuries Philadelphia will suffer in all of the above circumstances, Philadelphia faces a significant danger of harm due to the Department of Justice’s imposition of the new conditions for the FY 2017 grant.
CAUSES OF ACTION COUNT I
(Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Ultra Vires Conduct Not Authorized by Congress in the Underlying Statute)
105. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs. 106. The Department of Justice may only exercise authority conferred by statute. See City of Arlington v. FCC, 133 S. Ct. 1863, 1869 (2013). 107. The Byrne JAG statute provides no authority to the Attorney General to impose conditions on the receipt of Byrne JAG funds that are neither reflected in “applicable Federal laws” nor concern the administration of the JAG program itself.
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108. The three conditions added to the FY 2017 grant by the Department of Justice are neither “applicable Federal laws” nor conditions that deal with the administration and spending of the Byrne JAG funds.
109. The Attorney General’s imposition of the new conditions is unauthorized by statute.
110. The Attorney General’s imposition of the new conditions also contradicts the formula-grant structure of the Byrne JAG program. See 42 U.S.C. § 3755(d)(2)(A).
111. The APA requires courts to hold unlawful and set aside any agency action that is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law”; “contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity”; or “in excess of statutory jurisdictions, authority, or limitations[.]” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)-(C).
112. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 706 and 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the Attorney General is without the statutory authority to impose the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions on FY 2017 Byrne JAG funds, and in doing so, has acted contrary to law under the APA. Plaintiff is also entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Attorney General from putting those conditions into effect.
COUNT II (Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Violation of the Constitution’s
Separation-of-Powers) 113. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 114. The Constitution vests Congress, not the President or officials in the Executive Branch, with the power to appropriate funding to “provide for the . . . general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const. art I, § 8, cl. 1.
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115. The President’s constitutional duty—and that of his appointees in the Executive Branch—is to “take Care that the Law be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5.
116. The President “does not have unilateral authority to refuse to spend . . . funds” that have already been appropriate by Congress “for a particular project or program.” In re Aiken Cnty., 725 F.3d 255, 261 n.1 (D.C. Cir. 2013); see also Train v. City of New York, 420 U.S. 35, 44 (1975).
117. The President also cannot amend or cancel appropriations that Congress has duly enacted because doing such violates the Presentment Clause of the Constitution and results in the President purporting to wield a constitutional power not vested within his office. See Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417, 438 (1998).
118. Imposing a new condition on a federal grant program amounts to refusing to spend money appropriated by Congress unless that condition is satisfied.
119. The Section 1373 condition was not imposed by Congress, but rather by the Department of Justice in issuing its Office of Justice Program Guidance for FY 2016 Byrne JAG awards and its FY 2017 Byrne JAG application. Therefore, the Section 1373 condition amounts to an improper usurpation of Congress’s spending power by the Executive Branch.
120. The advance notification and jail access conditions were not imposed by Congress, but rather by the Department in issuing the FY 2017 Byrne JAG application. Therefore, the imposition of the advance notification and jail access conditions amounts to an improper usurpation of Congress’s spending power by the Executive Branch.
121. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions violates the constitutional principle of separation of powers and impermissibly
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arrogates to the Executive Branch power that which is reserved for the Legislative Branch. Plaintiff is also entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Attorney General from putting those conditions into effect.
COUNT III (Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Arbitrary and Capricious Agency
Action) 122. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 123. The Department of Justice’s decision to impose the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions on the receipt of FY 2017 Byrne JAG funds deviates from past agency practice without reasoned explanation or justification. 124. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions is arbitrary and capricious. Plaintiff is also entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Attorney General from putting those conditions into effect.
COUNT IV (Spending Clause) 125. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 126. Congress could not have authorized the immigration-related conditions attached the Byrne JAG award here because they do not satisfy the requirements of the Spending Clause of the Constitution. 127. None of the three conditions is “reasonably related” or “germane[]” to the federal interest that underlies the Byrne JAG grant program. See South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207-08 & n.3 (1987) (conditions must be “reasonably related,” or “germane[],” to the particular program); see also New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 167 (1992) (the attached “conditions must . . . bear some relationship to the purpose of the federal spending”). The three
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conditions all deal with federal civil immigration enforcement, not localities’ enforcement of state or local criminal law.
128. The three conditions threaten the federal interest that underlies the Byrne JAG program. They undermine Congress’s goals of dispersing funds across the country, targeting funds to combat violent crime, and respecting local judgment in setting law enforcement strategy.
129. The Department’s imposition of the conditions also violates the requirement that Spending Clause legislation “impose unambiguous conditions on states, so they can exercise choices knowingly and with awareness of the consequences.” Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002).
130. Moreover, because the conditions are ambiguous, they arguably require cities to infringe on individuals’ Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights, violating the prohibition on Spending Clause conditions that “induce unconstitutional action.” Koslow, 302 F.3d at 175.
131. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the imposition of the three immigration-related conditions for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG violates the Constitution’s Spending Clause as well as an injunction preventing those conditions from going into effect.
COUNT V (Tenth Amendment: Commandeering) 132. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 133. The Tenth Amendment prohibits the federal government from “requir[ing]” states and localities “to govern according to Congress’s instructions,” New York, 505 U.S. at 162, and from “command[ing] the States’ officers . . . to administer or enforce a federal regulatory program,” Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 935 (1997).
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134. Where the “whole object” of a provision of a federal statute is to “direct the functioning” of state and local governments, that provision is unconstitutional, Printz, 521 U.S. at 932, and must be enjoined, id. at 935; New York, 505 U.S. at 186-187. That description precisely fits each of the three immigration-related conditions.
135. If Section 1373 is interpreted to extend to information sharing about witnesses, victims, and law-abiding persons in the City, and to require that Philadelphia provide federal authorities unfettered access to immigration status information about such persons, that would hamper Philadelphia’s ability to ensure law and order. As a result, Philadelphia’s personnel would be “commandeered” to perform federal functions rather than to pursue local priorities, in violation of the Tenth Amendment.
136. The advance notification and jail access conditions, in their most extreme and unreasonable lights, could be construed to require that Philadelphia change its policies concerning the administration of its detention facilities and the providing of advance notification of release to ICE only pursuant to a judicial warrant. That federalization of bedrock local police power functions would violate the Tenth Amendment’s anti-commandeering principle.
137. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that if Section 1373 or the other two grant conditions are construed by the Department to conflict with Philadelphia’s local policies, that would result in a violation of the Tenth Amendment. Plaintiff is entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Department from taking such an interpretation.
COUNT VI (Declaratory Judgment Act: Philadelphia Complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373) 138. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs.
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139. Philadelphia certified its compliance with Section 1373 to the Department of Justice in a June 22, 2017 legal opinion signed by the City’s Solicitor and describing the basis for the City’s certification.
140. Philadelphia complies with Section 1373 to the extent it can be constitutionally enforced vis-a-vis the City.
141. Philadelphia’s policies, namely Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order, direct City officials and employees not to collect immigration status information unless such collection is required by state or federal law. Because Philadelphia cannot restrict the sharing of information it does not collect, the City’s policy of non-collection renders it necessarily compliant with Section 1373 for all cases covered by the non-collection policy.
142. Where City officials or agents do incidentally come to possess immigration status information, the City has no policy prohibiting or restricting the sharing of such information contrary to Section 1373. Both Memorandum 06-01 and the Confidentiality Order contains “saving clauses” that limits the disclosure of an individual’s citizenship or immigration status information “unless such disclosure is required by law.” Both policies also direct City police officers to cooperate with federal authorities in the enforcement of the criminal law, and to provide identifying information to federal authorities, when requested, about criminals or criminal suspects within the City.
143. Any non-disclosure about immigration status information that the City’s policies directs in the case of witnesses of crimes, victims of crimes, and law-abiding individuals seeking City services, is consistent with Section 1373 when read in light of the Constitution.
144. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that it complies with Section 1373 as properly construed.
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EXHIBIT 1

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EXHIBIT 2

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EXHIBIT 3

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EXHIBIT 4

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EXHIBIT 5

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EXHIBIT 6

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EXHIBIT 7

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EXHIBIT 8

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 1-8 Filed 08/30/17 Page 2 of 2 INMATE CONSENT FORM – ICE INTERVIEW

❏ Solicito recibir este formulario en español. I request to receive this form in Spanish.
I request to receive this form in Russian. If another language is applicable, Correctional Staff is directed to facilitate the inmate locating the appropriate language for translation using the City’s Language Line Solutions Language Identification Guide, containing approximately ninety five (95) different languages. Once the language is identified, the PDP will facilitate the inmate using the Language Line Solutions telephone service for a translation and explanation of the form by telephone. The Office of Immigrant Affairs will be informed of the identified language for tracking purposes.
Philadelphia Department of Prisons “PDP” Consent Form for Immigration and Customs Enforcement Interview This notice is to inform you that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) wants to interview you to get information that they may use to try to deport you. You have the right to agree or to refuse this interview. This notice is intended to provide you with information about your rights:

(1) ICE interviews are voluntary. You can say no to an interview by ICE.

(2) You have the right to remain silent. Even if you decide to say yes to an interview, you can refuse to answer any questions, including questions about your immigration status. This includes where you were born and how you came to the United States. Anything you say may be used against you in criminal and/or immigration proceedings. You should not sign any forms you do not understand.

(3) You may request to have an attorney present during any interview. If you request an attorney in this form below, you will not be escorted to the ICE interview without your attorney present.

(4) If you are already in removal (deportation) proceedings, you have the right to have your immigration lawyer present during any questioning. You should tell ICE to contact your attorney (if you have one) before the interview.
By checking the box and signing below, you are indicating whether or not you agree to an interview with ICE. The PDP will inform ICE of your decision. The PDP will only bring you to an ICE interview if you agree.
______ I do not agree to speak to ICE.

______ I agree to speak with ICE, only with my attorney present.

______ I agree to speak with ICE, without an attorney present.

______ I have had this document read and explained to me by a Language Line Translator by telephone.

______ After translation in my own language, I do not agree to speak with ICE.

______ After translation in my own language, I agree to speak with ICE with my attorney present.

______ After translation in my own language, I agree to speak with ICE without an attorney present.

Name: __________________________________

Police Photo #: __________________

Signature: _______________________________

Date: ________________________

Identified Language (To be inserted by PDP Staff): _________________________

FOR PDP PERSONNEL:

Inmate Name: _______________

Inmate PP# ___________________

Served by : _____________________ Payroll #:____________________ Date: ______________

_____________________
Identified Language

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EXHIBIT 9

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EXHIBIT 10

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~~". .

U.S. Department of Justice

'\ . .

Office o f the Inspector General

The "Law Enforcement Sensitive" markings on this document were removed as a result of a

sensitivity review and determination by the U.S. Department of Horneland Security, Immigration

and Customs Enforcement.
'jAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITp.lE

May 3 1, 2016 [Re-posted to oigjustice.gov on September 23, 2016, due to a corrected entry in the Appendix, see page 12.]
MEMORANDUM FOR KAROL V. MASON ASS ISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL
~HE OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS

FROM:

MICHAEL E. HOROWI INSPECTOR GENE RAL

SUBJECT:

Departm ent of Ju stice Referral of Allegatio ns of Pote ntial Violation s of 8 U.S.C. § 1373 by Grant Rec ipients

Thi s is in res po nse to you r e- m ail dated April 8, 20 16, wherein you advised the Office of the In spector Ge n eral (OIG) t hat th e Office of Justice Programs (OJP) had "received information th a t indicates that several jurisd ictions [receivin g Q,JP and Office of Viol en ce Against Wo man (OVW) gra nt funds] may be in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373 ." With th e e-mail , you provided the OIG a spreadsheet detailing Depa rtm ent grants received by ove r 140 state and local jurisdictions a nd requested that the 01G "investigate th e a llegation s that th e jurisdic tions re fl ected in th e attac hed s pread s heet, who are recipients of funding from th e De partment of Jus tice, are in violation o f 8 U.S.C. Section 1373 ." In a d dition to the spreadsheet, you provided the OIG with a le tter, dated Fe brua ry 26, 20 16, to Attorn ey General Loretta E. Lyn ch from Congressman John Culberson , Cha irman of the House Appropriations Su bcommittee on Co mm erce, Justice, Scien ce, a nd Re lated Agen c ies, regarding whether Departme n t gran t recipie n ts were com plying with fed eral law, particularly 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (Section 1373). Attached to C h airman Culberson's letter to the Attorney Ge neral was a study co nducted by th e Center for Immigration S tudies (C IS) in January 2016, which concluded tha t there are ove r 300 "sanctuary" ju risdic t ions th at refuse to comply w ith U.S. Immigration and Customs E nfo rcement (ICE) detaine rs o r otherwise impede in fo rmatio n sharing with fed e ra l immigration officia ls . l

! Your e-mail also re ferenced a nd attached the 0I0's Jan uary 2007 report, Cooperation oj SCAAP 1State Criminal A/ien Assista nce Program) Recipients in the Removal of Criminal Aliel1s Jrom the Uniled States. In that Congressionally-mandated report, the 0 10 was asked , among other things, to assess whether entities receiving SCAA P funds were "full y cooperating" with the Depart ment of Homeland Secu ri ty's efforts to remove undoc umented criminal aliens from the United S tate s, and whether SCAA P recipie n ts had in effect policies that violated Section

In\W ENFOROEMENT SENSITIVE

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LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE 

The purpose of this memorandum is to update you on the steps we have undertaken to address your question and to provide you with the information we have developed regarding your request. Given our understanding that the Department's grant process is ongoing, we are available to discuss with you what, if any, further information you and the Department's leadership believe would be useful in addressing the concerns reflected in your e-mail.
010 Methodology
At the outset, we determined it would be impractical for the OIG to promptly assess compliance with Section 1373 by the more than 140 jurisdictions that were listed on the spreadsheet accompanying your referral. Accordingly, we judgmentally selected a sample of state and local jurisdictions from the information you provided for further review. We started by comparing the specific Jurisdictions cited in the CIS report you provided to us with the jurisdictions identified by ICE in its draft Declined Detainer Outcome Report, dated December 2, 2014.2 Additionally, we compared these lists with a draft report prepared by ICE that identified 155 jurisdictions and stated that "all jurisdictions on this list contain policies that limit or restrict cooperation with ICE and, as of Q3 FY 2015, have declined detainers."3 From this narrowed list of jurisdictions, we determined, using the spreadsheet provided with your e-mail, which jurisdictions had active OJP and OVW awards as of March 17, 2016, the date through which you provided award information, and received fiscal year (FY) 2015 State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) payments. Lastly, we considered, based on the spreadsheet, the total dollars awarded and the number of active grants and payments made as of March 17,
1373. As we describe later in this memorandum, the information we have learned to date during our recent work about the present matter differs significantly from what OIG personnel found nearly 10 years ago during the earlier audit. Specifically, during the 2007 audit, ICE officials commented favorably to the OIG with respect to cooperation and information flow they received from the seven selected jurisdictions, except for the City and County of San Francisco. As noted in this memorandum, we heard a very different report from ICE officials about the cooperation it is currently receiving. Additionally, our 2007 report found that the SCAAP recipients we reviewed were notifying ICE in a timely manner of aliens in custody, accepting detainers from ICE, and promptly notifying ICE of impending releases from local custody. By contrast, as described in this memorandum, all of the jurisdictions we reviewed had ordinances or policies that placed limits on cooperation with ICE in connection with at least one of the three areas assessed in 2007.
2 At the time of our sample selection we only had a draft version of this report. We later obtained an updated copy which was provided to Congress on April 16, 2016. Although it was provided to Congress, this report was also marked "Draft." The updated draft version of the report did not require us to alter our sample selection.
3 This version of the declined detainer report covered declined detainers from January 1, 2014 through June 30,2015.
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2016, and sought to ensure that our list contained a mix of state and local jurisdictions.
Using this process, we judgmentally selected 10 state and local jurisdictions for further review: the States of Connecticut and California; City of Chicago, Illinois; Clark County, Nevada; Cook County, Illinois; Miami-Dade County, Florida; Milwaukee County, Wisconsin; Orleans Parish, Louisiana; New York, New York; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. These 10 jurisdictions .represent 63 percent of the total value of the active OJP and OVW awards listed on the spreadsheet as of March 17,2016, and FY 2015 SCAAP payments made by the Department.
Section 1373 states in relevant part:'
(a) In General. Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any' government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.
(b) Additional authority of government entities. Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual: (1) Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with any other Federal, State, or local government entity.
According to the legislative history contained in the House of Representatives Report, Section 1373 was intended "to give State and local officials the authority to communicate with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) regarding the presence, whereabouts, and activities of illegal aliens. This section is designed to prevent any State or local law, ordinance, executive order, policy, constitutional provision, or decision of any Federal or State court that prohibits or in any way restricts any communication between State and local officials and the INS."4
4 House of Representatives Report, Immigration in the National Interest Act of 1995, (H.R. 2202), 1996, H. Rept. 104-469, https:/ /www.congress.gov/l04/crpt/hrpt469/CRPT­
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For the 10 selected jurisdictions, we researched the local laws and policies that govern their interactions with ICE - particularly those governing the ability of the jurisdictions' officers to receive or share information with federal immigration officials. We then compared these local laws and policies to Section 1373 in order to try to determine whether they were in compliance with the federal statute. We also spoke with ICE officials in Washington, D.C., to gain their perspective on ICE's relationship with the selected jurisdictions and their views on whether the application of these laws and policies was inconsistent with Section 1373 or any other federal immigration laws.
The sections that follow include our analysis of the selected state and local laws and policies.
State and Local Cooperation with ICE
A primary and frequently cited indicator of limitations placed on cooperation by state and local jurisdictions with ICE is how the particular state or local jurisdiction handles immigration detainer requests issued by ICE, although Section 1373 does not specifically address restrictions by state or local entities on cooperation with ICE regarding detainers.5 A legal determination has been made by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that civil immigration detainers are voluntary requests.6 The ICE officials with whom we spoke stated that since the detainers are considered to be voluntary, they are not enforceable against jurisdictions which do not comply, and these ICE officials stated further that state and local jurisdictions throughout the United States vary significantly on how they handle such requests.
In our selected sample of state and local jurisdictions, as detailed in the Appendix, each of the 10 jurisdictions had laws or policies directly related to how those jurisdictions could respond to ICE detainers, and each limited in some way the authority of the jurisdiction to take action with regard to ICE detainers. We found that while some honor a civil immigration detainer request when the subject meets certain conditions, such as prior felony
104hrpt469-ptl.pdf (accessed May 24,2016).
5 A civil immigration detainer request serves to advise a law enforcement agency that ICE seeks custody of an alien presently in the custody of that agency, for the purpose of arresting and removing the alien. 8 C.F.R. § 287.7(a)
6 Several courts have reached a similar conclusion about the voluntary nature of ICE detainers. See Galarza v, Szalczyk et al, 745 F.3d 634 (3rd Cir. 2014) (noting that all Courts of Appeals to have considered the character of ICE detainers refer to them as "requests,» and citing numerous such decisions); and Miranda-Olivares v. Clackamas County, 2014 1414305 (D. Or. 2014).
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convictions, gang membership, or presence on a terrorist watch list, others will not honor a civil immigration detainer request, standing alone, under any circumstances. ICE officials told us that because the requests are voluntary, local officials may also consider budgetary and other considerations that would otherwise be moot if cooperation was required under federal law.
We also found that the laws and policies in several of the 10 jurisdictions go beyond regulating responses to ICE detainers and also address, in some way, the sharing of information with federal immigration authorities. For example, a local ordinance for the City of Chicago, which is entitled "Disclosing Information Prohibited," states as follows:
Except as otherwise provided under applicable federal law, no agent or agency shall disclose information regarding the citizenship or immigration status of any person unless required to do so by legal process or such disclosure has been authorized in writing by the individual to whom such information pertains, or if such individual is a minor or is otherwise not legally competent, by such individual's parent or guardian. Chicago Code, Disclosing Infonnation Prohibited § 2-173­ 030.
The ordinance's prohibition on a city employee providing immigration status information "unless required to do so by legal process" is inconsistent with the plain language of Section 1373 prohibiting a local government from restricting a local official from sending immigration status information to ICE. The "except as otherwise provided under applicable federal law" provision, often referred to as a "savings clause," creates a potential ambiguity as to the proper construction of the Chicago ordinance and others like it because to be effective, this "savings clause" would render the ordinance null and void whenever ICE officials requested immigration status information from city employees. Given that the very purpose of the Chicago ordinance, based on our review of its history, was to restrict and largely prohibit the cooperation of city employees with ICE, we have significant questions regarding any actual effect of this "savings clause" and whether city officials consider the ordinance to be null and void in that circumstance.7
7 The New Orleans Police Department's (NOPD) policy dated February 28, 2016, and entitled "Immigration Status" also seemingly has a "savings clause" provision, but its language likewise presents concerns. In your April 8 e-mail to me, you attached questions sent to the Attorney General by Sen. Vitter regarding whether the NOPD's recent immigration policy was in compliance with Section 1373. Paragraph 12 of the NOPD policy is labeled "Disclosing Immigration Information" and provides that "Members shall not disclose information regarding . the citizenship or immigration status of any person unless:
(a) Required to do so by federal or state law; or (b) Such disclosure has been authorized in writing by the person who is the subject of the request for information; or
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In addition, whatever the technical implication of the clause generally referencing federal law, we have concerns that unless city employees were made explicitly aware that the local ordinance did not limit their legal authority to respond to such ICE requests, employees likely would be unaware of their legal authority to act inconsistently with the local ordinance. We noted that in connection with the introduction of this local ordinance the Mayor of Chicago stated, "[w]e're not going to turn people over to ICE and we're not going to check their immigration status, we'11 check for criminal background, but not for immigration status."s We believe this stated reason for the ordinance, and its message to city employees, has the potential to affect the understanding of
(c) The person is a minor or otherwise not legally competent, and disclosure is authorized in writing by the person's parent or guardian.
Sub-section (a) applies only when an NOPD employee has an affirmative obligation, i.e., is "required" by federal law, to disclose information regarding citizenship or immigration status. Section 1373, however, does not "require" the disclosure of immigration status information; rather, it provides that state and local entities shall not prohibit or restrict the sharing of immigration status information with ICE. Accordingly, in our view, sub-section (a) of the NOPD policy would not serve as a "savings clause" in addressing Section 1373. Thus, unless the understanding of NOPD's employees is that they are not prohibited or restricted from sharing immigration status information with ICE, the policy would be inconsistent with Section 1373. We did not consider selecting the City of New Orleans to evaluate in this memorandum because it was not listed as a grant recipient on the spreadsheet you provided.
Similarly, the City and County of San Francisco, CA administrative code, Section 12H.2, is entitled "Immigration Status" and provides, "No department, agency, commission, officer or employee of the City and County of San Francisco shall use any City funds or resources to assist in the enforcement of federal immigration law or to gather or disseminate information regarding the immigration status of individuals in the City and County of San Francisco unless such assistance is required by federal or State statute, regulation or court decision." As with the NOPD policy, a "savings clause" that only applies when a city employee is "required" by federal law to take some action would not seem to be effective in precluding the law from running afoul of Section 1373, which "requires" nothing, but instead mandates that state and local entities not prohibit, or in any way restrict, the sharing of immigration status information with ICE. Thus, as with the NOPD policy, unless the understanding of San Francisco employees is that they are permitted to share immigration status information with ICE, the policy would be inconsistent with Section 1373. According to news reports, last week the San Francisco Board of Supervisors reaffirmed its policy restricting local law enforcement's authority to assist ICE, except in limited circumstances. Curtis Skinner, "San Francisco Lawmakers Vote to Uphold Sanctuary City Policy," Reuters, May 24, 2016, http://www.reuters.com/article/ us-sanfrancisco-immigration-idUSKCNOYG065 (accessed May 26,2016). We did not consider selecting the City and County of San Francisco to evaluate in this memorandum because it was -not listed as a grant recipient on the spreadsheet you provided.
8 Kristen Mack, "Emanuel Proposes Putting Nondetainer Policy On Books," Chicago Tribune, July 11, 2012, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-07-11/news/ct-met-rahm­ emanuel-immigrants-0711-2012 (accessed May 24,2017).
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local officials regarding the performance of their duties, including the applicability of any restrictions on their interactions and cooperation with ICE.
Similarly, we have concerns that other local laws and policies, that by their terms apply to the handling of ICE detainer requests, may have a broader practical impact on the level of cooperation afforded to ICE by these jurisdictions and may, therefore, be inconsistent with at least the intent of Section 1373.9 Specifically, local policies and ordinances that purport to be focused on civil immigration detainer requests, yet do not explicitly restrict the sharing of immigration status information with ICE, may nevertheless be affecting ICE's interactions with the local officials regarding ICE immigration status requests. We identified several jurisdictions with policies and ordinances that raised such concerns, including Cook County, Orleans Parish, Philadelphia, and New York City.
For example, the Cook County, Illinois, detainer policy states, "unless ICE agents have a criminal warrant, or County officials have a legitimate law enforcement purpose that is not related to the enforcement of immigration laws, ICE agents shall not be given access to individuals or allowed to use County facilities for investigative interviews or other purposes, and County personnel shall not expend their time responding to ICE inquiries or communicating with ICE regarding individuals' incarceration status or release dates while on duty." Although this policy falls under the heading "Section 46­ 37 - Policy for responding to ICE Detainers" and does not explicitly proscribe sharing immigration status information with ICE, the portion of the prohibition relating to personnel expending their time responding to ICE inquiries could easily be read by Cook County officials and officers as more broadly prohibiting them from expending time responding to ICE requests relating to immigration status. This possibility was corroborated by ICE officials who told us that Cook County officials "won't even talk to us [ICE]."
In Orleans Parish, Louisiana, Orleans Parish Sheriffs Office (OPSO) policy on "ICE Procedures" states that, "OPSO officials shall not initiate any immigration status investigation into individuals in their custody or affirmatively provide information on an inmate's release date or address to ICE." While the latter limitation applies by its terms to information related to release date or address, taken in conjunction with the prior ban on initiating immigration status investigations, the policy raises a similar concern as to the
9 A reasonable reading of Section 1373, based on its "in any way restrict" language, would be that it applies not only to the situation where a local law or policy specifically prohibits or restricts an employee from providing citizenship or immigration status information to ICE, but also where the actions of local officials result in prohibitions or restrictions on employees providing such information to ICE.
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limits it places on the authority of OPSO officials to share information on that topic with ICE.
In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Mayor, on January 4, 2016, issued an executive order that states, in part, that notice of the pending release of the subject of an ICE immigration detainer shall not be provided to ICE "unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant." According to news reports, the purpose of the order was to bar almost all cooperation between city law enforcement and ICE.I0
In New York City (NYC), a law enacted in November 2014 restricts NYC Department of Corrections personnel from communicating with ICE regarding an inmate's release date, incarceration status, or upcoming court dates unless the inmate is the subject of a detainer request supported by a judicial warrant, in which case personnel may honor the request. The law resulted in ICE closing its office on Riker's Island and ceasing operations on any other NYC Department of Corrections property.
Although the Cook County, Orleans Parish, Philadelphia, and New York City local policies and ordinances purport to be focused on civil immigration detainer request~, and none explicitly restricts the sharing of immigration status with ICE, based on our discussions with ICE officials about the impact these laws and policies were having on their ability to interact with local officials, as well as the information we have reviewed to date, we believe these policies and others like them may be causing local officials to believe and apply the policies in a manner that prohibits or restricts cooperation with ICE in all respects. 11 That, of course, would be inconsistent with and prohibited by Section 1373. 12
10 Michael Matza, "Kenney restores 'sanctuary city' status," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 6, 2016, http://articles.philly.com/2016-01-06/news/69541175_1_south­ philadelphia-secure-communities-ice (accessed May 24,2016) and "Kenney rejects U.S. request to reverse 'sanctuary city' status," Philadelphia Inquirer, May 4, 2016,
http://www.philly.com/phillyI news120160504_Kenney_rejects_Homeland_Security_s_requesC
to_reverse_Philadelphia_s_sanctuary_city_status.html (accessed May 24,2016)
11 For example, the Newark, NJ police department issued a "Detainer Policy" instructing all police personnel that "There shall be no expenditure of any departmental resources or effort by on-duty personnel to comply with an ICE detainer request." More generally, Taos County, NM detention center policy states: "There being no legal authority upon which the United States may compel expenditure of country resources to cooperate and enforce its immigration laws, there shall be no expenditure of any county resources or effort by on-duty staff for this purpose except as expressly provided herein."
12 The ICE officials we spoke with noted that no one at DHS or ICE has made a formal legal determination whether certain state and local laws or policies violate Section 1373, and we are unaware of any Department of Justice decision in that regard. These ICE officials were
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Effect on Department of Justice 2016 Grant Funding
We note that, in March 2016, OJP notified SCAAP and JAG applicants about the requirement to comply with Section 1373, and advised them that if OJP receives information that an applicant may be in violation of Section 1373 (or any other applicable federal law) that applicant may be referred to the OIG for investigation. The notification went on to state that if the applicant is found to be in violation of an applicable federal law by the OIG, the applicant may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, in addition to relevant OJP programmatic penalties, including cancellation of payments, return of funds, participation in the program during the period of ineligibility, or suspension and debarment.
In light of the Department's notification to grant applicants, and the information we are providing in this memorandum, to the extent the Department's focus is on ensuring that grant applicants comply with Sec::tion 1373, based on our work to date we believe there are several steps that the Department can consider taking:
• Provide clear guidance to grant recipients regarding whether Section 1373 is an "applicable federal law" that recipients would be expected to comply with in order to satisfy relevant grant rules and regulations; 13
• Require grant applicants to provide certifications specifying the applicants' compliance with Section 1373, along with documentation sufficient to support the certification.
• Consult with the Department's law enforcement counterparts at ICE and other agencies, prior to a grant award, to determine whether, in their view, the applicants are prohibiting or restricting employees from sharing with ICE information regarding the citizenship or immigration status of individuals, and are therefore not in compliance with Section 1373.
• Ensure that grant recipients clearly communicate to their personnel the provisions of Section 1373, including those
also unaware of any legal action taken by the federal government against a state or local jurisdiction to require cooperation.
13 We note that AAG Kadzik's letter to Chairman Culberson dated March 18, 2016, states that Section 1373 "could" be an applicable federal law that with which grant recipients must comply in order to receive grant funds, not that it is, in fact, an applicable federal law.
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employees cannot be prohibited or restricted from sending citizenship or immigration status information to ICE. These steps would not only provide the Department with assurances regarding compliance with Section 1373 prior to a grant award, but also would be helpful to the OIG if the Department were to later refer to the- OIG for investigation a potential Section 1373 violation (as the Department recently warned grant applicants it might do in the future). We would be pleased to meet with you and Department's leadership to discuss any additional audit or investigative efforts by the OIG that would further assist the Department with regard to its concerns regarding Section 1373 compliance by state and local jurisdictions. Such a meeting would allow us to better understand what information the Department's management would find useful so that the OIG could assess any request and consult with our counterparts at the Department of Homeland Security Office of the Inspector General, which would necessarily need to be involved in any efforts to evaluate the specific effect oflocal policies and ordinances on ICE's interactions with those jurisdictions and their compliance with Section 1373. Thank you for referring this matter to the OIG. We look forward to hearing from you regarding a possible meeting.
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OIG Approach

APPENDIX


At the outset, we determined it would be impractical for the OIG to promptly assess compliance with Section 1373 by the more than 140 jurisdictions that were listed on the spreadsheet accompanying your referral. Accordingly, we judgmentally selected a sample of state and local jurisdictions from the information you provided for further review. We started by comparing the specific jurisdictions cited in the CIS report you provided to us with the jurisdictions identified by ICE in its draft Declined Detainer Outcome Report, dated December 2, 2014.14 Additionally, we compared these lists with a draft report prepared by ICE that identified 155 jurisdictions and stated that “all jurisdictions on this list contain policies that limit or restrict cooperation with ICE and, as of Q3 FY 2015, have declined detainers.”15 From this narrowed list of jurisdictions, we determined, using the spreadsheet that you provided with your e-mail, which jurisdictions had active OJP and OVW awards as of March 17, 2016, the date through which you provided award information, and received fiscal year (FY) 2015 State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP) payments. Lastly, we considered, based on the spreadsheet, the total dollars awarded and the number of active grants and payments made as of March 17, 2016, and sought to ensure that our list contained a mix of state and local jurisdictions. Using this process we selected the 10 jurisdictions listed in the following table for further review. The dollar figure represents 63 percent of the active OJP awards as of March 17, 2016, and FY 2015 SCAAP payments made by the Department.

Jurisdiction State of Connecticut State of California Orleans Parish, Louisiana New York, New York Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Cook County, Illinois City of Chicago, Illinois Miami-Dade County, Florida Milwaukee, Wisconsin Clark County, Nevada
TOTAL Source: OJP

Total Award Amounts Reported by OJP $69,305,444
$132,409,635 $4,737,964
$60,091,942 $16,505,312
$6,018,544 $28,523,222 $10,778,815
$7,539,572 $6,257,951 $342,168,401

14 At the time of our sample selection we only had a draft version of this report. We later obtained an updated copy which was provided to Congress on April 16, 2016. Although it was provided to Congress, this report was also marked “Draft.” The updated draft version of the report did not require us to alter our sample selection.
15 This version of the declined detainer report covered declined detainers from January 1, 2014 through June 30, 2015.
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The following table lists each of the jurisdictions selected for review by

the OIG and the key provisions of its laws or policies related to ICE civil

immigration detainer requests and the sharing of certain information with ICE,

if applicable.

Provisions of Key Local Laws or Policies

Jurisdiction

Related to Civil Immigration Detainer Requests or

Information Sharing with ICE 16

State of Connecticut

Public Act No. 13-155, An Act Concerning Civil

Immigration Detainers …

The statement of Connecticut

law has been corrected from a (b) No law enforcement officer who receives a civil

prior version of this

immigration detainer with respect to an individual who

memorandum. This correction is in the custody of the law enforcement officer shall

does not affect the analysis or detain such individual pursuant to such civil

conclusions of this

immigration detainer unless the law enforcement official

memorandum. We regret the determines that the individual:

error, and have notified those (1) Has been convicted of a felony;

to whom we sent the

(2) Is subject to pending criminal charges in this state

memorandum of the

where bond has not been posted;

correction.

(3) Has an outstanding arrest warrant in this state;

(4) Is identified as a known gang member in the

database of the National Crime Information Center or

any similar database or is designated as a Security Risk

Group member or a Security Risk Group Safety Threat

member by the Department of Correction;

(5) Is identified as a possible match in the federal

Terrorist Screening Database or similar database;

(6) Is subject to a final order of deportation or removal

issued by a federal immigration authority; or

(7) Presents an unacceptable risk to public safety, as

determined by the law enforcement officer.

(c) Upon determination by the law enforcement officer that such individual is to be detained or released, the law enforcement officer shall immediately notify United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement. If the individual is to be detained, the law enforcement officer shall inform United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement that the individual will be held for a maximum of forty-eight hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and federal holidays. If United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement fails to take custody of the individual within such forty-eight-hour period, the law enforcement officer shall release the individual. In no event shall an individual be detained for longer than such forty-eight-hour period solely on the basis of a civil immigration detainer. Approved June 25, 2013

16 Several specific citations to various state and local laws and policies were removed for brevity.

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Jurisdiction State of California
Orleans Parish, Louisiana
New York, New York

Provisions of Key Local Laws or Policies Related to Civil Immigration Detainer Requests or
Information Sharing with ICE 16 An act to add Chapter 17.1 (commencing with Section 7282) to Division 7 of Title I of the Government Code, relating to state government….
7282.5. (a) A law enforcement official shall have discretion to cooperate with federal immigration officials by detaining an individual on the basis of an immigration hold after that individual becomes eligible for release from custody only if the continued detention of the individual on the basis of the immigration hold would not violate any federal, state, or local law, or any local policy, and only under any of the following circumstances …
Effective Date: October 5, 2013. The Orleans Parish Sheriff’s Office (OPSO) shall decline all voluntary ICE detainer requests unless the individual's charge is for one or more of the following offenses: First Degree Murder; Second Degree Murder; Aggravated Rape; Aggravated Kidnapping; Treason; or Armed Robbery with Use of a Firearm. If a court later dismisses or reduces the individual's charge such that the individual is no longer charged with one of the above offenses or the court recommends declining the ICE hold request, OPSO will decline the ICE hold request on that individual.
Orleans Parish Sheriff’s Office Index No. 501.15, Updated June 21, 2013.
Title: A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York, in relation to persons not to be detained by the department of correction.
Bill Summary: … The DOC would only be permitted to honor an immigration detainer if it was accompanied by a warrant from a federal judge, and also only if that person had not been convicted of a "violent or serious" crime during the last five years or was listed on a terrorist database. Further, the bill would prohibit DOC from allowing ICE to maintain an office on Rikers Island or any other DOC property and would restrict DOC personnel from communicating with ICE regarding an inmate's release date, incarceration status, or court dates, unless the inmate is the subject of a detainer request that DOC may honor pursuant to the law.
Enacted Date: November 14, 2014, Law No. 2014/058.

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Jurisdiction Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cook County, Illinois
City of Chicago, Illinois

Provisions of Key Local Laws or Policies Related to Civil Immigration Detainer Requests or
Information Sharing with ICE 16 Executive Order No. 5-16 - Policy Regarding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency Detainer Requests…
NOW, THEREFORE, I, JAMES F. KENNEY, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, by the powers vested in me by the Philadelphia Home Rule Charter, do hereby order as follows:
SECTION 1. No person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 287.7, nor shall notice of his or her pending release be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.
Signed by Philadelphia Mayor, January 4, 2016.
Sec. 46-37- Policy for responding to ICE detainers ...
(b) Unless ICE agents have a criminal warrant, or County officials have a legitimate law enforcement purpose that is not related to the enforcement of immigration laws, ICE agents shall not be given access to individuals or allowed to use County facilities for investigative interviews or other purposes, and County personnel shall not expend their time responding to ICE inquiries or communicating with ICE regarding individuals' incarceration status or release dates while on duty.
Approved and adopted by the President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners on September 7, 2011.
Civil Immigration Enforcement Actions – Federal Responsibility §2-173-042 …
(b)(1) Unless an agent or agency is acting pursuant to a legitimate law enforcement purpose that is unrelated to the enforcement of a civil immigration law, no agency or agent shall:
(A) permit ICE agents access to a person being detained by, or in the custody of, the agency or agent;
(B) permit ICE agents use of agency facilities for investigative interviews or other investigative purpose; or
(C) while on duty , expend their time responding to

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Jurisdiction Miami-Dade County, Florida Milwaukee County, Wisconsin

Provisions of Key Local Laws or Policies Related to Civil Immigration Detainer Requests or
Information Sharing with ICE 16 ICE inquiries or communicating with ICE regarding a person’s custody status or release date …
Disclosing Information Prohibited § 2-173-030
Except as otherwise provided under applicable federal law, no agent or agency shall disclose information regarding the citizenship or immigration status of any person unless required to do so by legal process or such disclosure has been authorized in writing by the individual to whom such information pertains, or if such individual is a minor or is otherwise not legally competent, by such individual’s parent or guardian.
Updated November 8, 2012.
Resolution No. R-1008-13: Resolution directing the mayor or mayor’s designee to implement policy on responding to detainer requests from the United States Department of Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF MIAMI-DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, that the Mayor or Mayor's designee is directed to implement a policy whereby Miami-Dade Corrections and Rehabilitations Department may, in its discretion, honor detainer requests issued by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement only if the federal government agrees in writing to reimburse Miami-Dade County for any and all costs relating to compliance with such detainer requests and the inmate that is the subject of such a request has a previous conviction for a Forcible Felony, as defined in Florida Statute section 776.08, or the inmate that is the subject of such a request has, at the time the Miami-Dade Corrections and Rehabilitations Department receives the detainer request, a pending charge of a nonbondable offense, as provided by Article I, Section 14 of the Florida Constitution, regardless of whether bond is eventually granted.
Resolution passed and adopted by Miami-Dade Mayor, December 3, 2013.
Amended Resolution - File No. 12-135
BE IT RESOLVED, that the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors hereby adopts the following policy with regard to detainer requests from the U.S. Department of

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Jurisdiction Clark County, Nevada

Provisions of Key Local Laws or Policies Related to Civil Immigration Detainer Requests or
Information Sharing with ICE 16 Homeland Security - Immigrations and Customs Enforcement:
1. Immigration detainer requests from Immigrations and Customs Enforcement shall be honored only if the subject of the request: a) Has been convicted of at least one felony or two nontraffic misdemeanor offenses b) Has been convicted or charged with any domestic violence offense or any violation of a protective order c) Has been convicted or charged with intoxicated use of a vehicle d) Is a defendant in a pending criminal case, has an outstanding criminal warrant, or is an identified gang member e) Is a possible match on the US terrorist watch list
Enacted: June 4, 2012 “Recent court decisions have raised Constitutional concerns regarding detention by local law enforcement agencies based solely on an immigration detainer request from the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Until this areas of the law is further clarified by the courts, effective immediately the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department will no longer honor immigration detainer requests unless one of the following conditions are met:
1. Judicial determination of Probable Cause for that detainer; or
2. Warrant from a judicial officer.
… The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department continues to work with our federal law enforcement partners and will continue to provide professional services to the Las Vegas community regardless of their immigration status in United States.
Via Press Release on: July 14, 2014.

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EXHIBIT 11

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EXHIBIT 12

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OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS GUIDANCE REGARDING COMPLIANCE WITH 8 U.S.C. § 1373
1. Q. What does 8 U.S.C. § 1373 require?
A. Title 8, United States Code, Section 1373 (Section 1373) addresses the exchange of information regarding citizenship and immigration status among federal, state, and local government entities and officials. Subsection (a) prevents federal, state and local government entities and officials from “prohibit[ing] or in any way restrict[ing]” government officials or entities from sending to, or receiving from, federal immigration officers information concerning an individual’s citizenship or immigration status. Subsection (b) provides that no person or agency may “prohibit, or in any way restrict,” a federal, state, or local government entity from (1) sending to, or requesting or receiving from, federal immigration officers information regarding an individual’s immigration status, (2) maintaining such information, or (3) exchanging such information with any other federal, state, or local government entity. Section 1373 does not impose on states and localities the affirmative obligation to collect information from private individuals regarding their immigration status, nor does it require that states and localities take specific actions upon obtaining such information. Rather, the statute prohibits government entities and officials from taking action to prohibit or in any way restrict the maintenance or intergovernmental exchange of such information, including through written or unwritten policies or practices.
Your personnel must be informed that notwithstanding any state or local policies to the contrary, federal law does not allow any government entity or official to prohibit the sending or receiving of information about an individual’s citizenship or immigration status with any federal, state or local government entity and officials.
2. Q. May a state make a subgrant to a city that the state knows to be violating an applicable law or regulation (e.g. Section 1373), or a programmatic requirement?
A. No. A JAG grantee is required to assure and certify compliance with all applicable federal statues, including Section 1373, as well as all applicable federal regulations, policies, guidelines and requirements. This requirement passes through to any subgrants that may be made and to any subgranteees that receive funds under the grant.
3. Q. Is there a specific report or source BJA is using to determine whether a jurisdiction has violated an applicable Federal law (e.g. Section 1373)?
A. The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) will take seriously credible evidence of a violation of applicable Federal law, including a violation of Section 1373, from any source. In the ordinary course, OJP will refer such evidence to the Department of Justice’s Office of the Inspector General for appropriate action.

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4. Q. How would a determination that a subgrantee is in violation of federal law affect the state’s designation and ability to receive future awards?
A. A grantee is responsible to the federal government for the duration of the award. As the primary recipient of the award, the grantee is responsible for ensuring that subgrantees assure and certify compliance with federal program and grant requirements, laws, or regulations (e.g. Section 1373). If a grantee or subgrantee has policies or practices in effect that violate Section 1373, the grantee or subgrantee will be given a reasonable amount of time to remedy or clarify such policies to ensure compliance with applicable law. Failure to remedy any violations could result in the withholding of grant funds or ineligibility for future OJP grants or subgrants, or other administrative, civil, or criminal penalties, as appropriate. Our goal is to ensure that JAG grantees and subgrantees are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, including Section 1373, not to withhold vitally important criminal justice funding from states and localities.
5. Q. Does the “JAG Sanctuary Policy Guidance” notice apply to all active grants?
A. The Policy Guidance applies to all JAG grantees and subgrantees.
6. Q. What should a state be doing to ensure that subgrantees are complying with the legal requirements for receiving JAG funds?
A. The state must comply with all of the requirements of 2 C.F.R. § 200.331. See also Section 3.14 (Subrecipient Monitoring) of the Department of Justice Financial Guide.
7. Q. The “JAG Sanctuary Policy Guidance” cited Section 1373. Are there other components of Title 8 of the United States Code that are required for compliance?
A. All grantees are required to assure and certify compliance with all applicable federal statutes, regulations, policies, guidelines, and requirements. States may wish to consult with their legal counsel if they have any questions or concerns as to the scope of this requirement.

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EXHIBIT 13

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OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE REGARDING COMPLIANCE WITH 8 U.S.C. § 1373
1. Why is OJP using Byrne/JAG grant funds to enforce 8 U.S.C. § 1373?
Authorizing legislation for the Byrne/JAG grant program requires that all grant applicants certify compliance both with the provisions of that authorizing legislation and all other applicable federal laws. The Office of Justice Programs has determined that 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (Section 1373) is an applicable federal law under the Byrne/JAG authorizing legislation. Therefore, all Byrne/JAG grant applicants must certify compliance with all applicable federal laws, including Section 1373, as part of the Byrne/JAG grant application process.
2. Does OJP’s guidance on 8 U.S.C. § 1373 impact FY 2016 funding?
No FY 2016 or prior year Byrne/JAG or SCAAP funding will be impacted. However, OJP expects that JAG and SCAAP recipients will use this time to examine their policies and procedures to ensure they will be able to submit the required assurances when applying for JAG and SCAAP funding in FY 2017. As previously stated, our goal is to ensure that our JAG and SCAAP recipients are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, including Section 1373, not to withhold vitally important criminal justice funding from states and localities like yours.
3. What is the process of determining if a recipient of JAG or SCAAP funds is not in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373?
As OJP has previously stated, our goal is to ensure that JAG and SCAAP recipients are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, including Section 1373. If OJP becomes aware of credible evidence of a violation of Section 1373, the recipient must agree to undertake a review to validate its compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. If the recipient determines that it is in compliance with Section 1373 at the time of review, then it must submit documentation that contains a validation to that effect and includes an official legal opinion from counsel (including related legal analysis) adequately supporting the validation. If the recipient determines that it is not in compliance with Section 1373 at the time of review, then it must take sufficient and effective steps to bring it into compliance and submit documentation that details the steps taken, contains a validation that the recipient has come into compliance, and includes an official legal opinion from counsel (including related legal analysis) adequately supporting the validation. Failure to remedy any violations could result in a referral to the Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General, the withholding of grant funds or ineligibility for future OJP grants or subgrants, or other administrative, civil, or criminal penalties, as appropriate.
4. What will happen if a recipient of JAG or SCAAP funds is found to be out of compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373?
If a recipient is found out of compliance with Section 1373, the recipient must take sufficient and effective steps to bring it into compliance and submit documentation that details the steps taken, contains a validation that the recipient has come into compliance, and includes an official legal opinion from counsel (including related legal analysis) adequately supporting the validation. Failure to remedy any violations could result in a referral to the Department of Justice Inspector

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General, the withholding of grant funds or ineligibility for future OJP grants or subgrants, suspension or termination of the grant, or other administrative, civil, or criminal penalties, as appropriate.
As previously stated, our goal is to ensure that our JAG and SCAAP recipients are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, including Section 1373, not to withhold vitally important criminal justice funding from states and localities like yours.
5. Does OJP expect State Administering Agencies or their subgrantees to submit additional certifications specific to 8 U.S.C. § 1373?
No, OJP does not expect grantees to submit additional assurances in FY 2016, nor does OJP expect grantees to require additional assurances from subgrantees, unless the grantees choose to do so. However, OJP expects that JAG grantees and subgrantees will use this time to examine their policies and procedures to ensure they will be able to submit the required assurances when applying for JAG funding in FY 2017.
6. Will a locality risk its entire Byrne/JAG funding if it refuses to certify compliance with federal law, including 8 U.S.C. § 1373?
Yes, a JAG grantee is required to assure and certify compliance with all applicable federal statutes, including Section 1373, as well as all applicable federal regulations, policies, guidelines and requirements, as a prerequisite to obtaining funding. OJP expects that JAG recipients will use this time to examine their policies and procedures to ensure they will be able to submit the required assurances when applying for JAG funding in FY 2017. By providing this additional guidance and the prior guidance on 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the Department has made clear that its goal is to ensure that our JAG and SCAAP recipients are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, including Section 1373, not to withhold vitally important criminal justice funding from states and localities like yours.
7. Will a State risk its entire Byrne/JAG funding if a subgrantee is found to be out of compliance?
No, only the jurisdiction that fails to comply with Section 1373 is at risk for not being funded after being provided an opportunity to correct its policies or practices. It is the State’s legal responsibility as the prime grantee to monitor its subgrantees adequately and take appropriate action if 1) a subgrantee does not certify compliance with Section 1373, or 2) the State becomes aware (after making the subaward) of credible evidence of a violation of Section 1373 by a subgrantee. In general, however, a subgrantee’s continuing violation would not ordinarily result in imposition of penalties against the State, or put the State’s entire Byrne/JAG funding at risk. If the State disburses funds to an ineligible subgrantee, however, such that the State itself could be said to have participated in the violation (e.g. by having made the subaward knowing that the subgrantee was ineligible) or failed to take appropriate action to remedy a violation, then that State would be responsible for repayment of the dispersed funding.
In addition, if OJP becomes aware of credible evidence that a subgrantee may be in violation of Section 1373, OJP will forward that evidence to the State, and the State will need to take steps to determine if the subgrantee is in violation, and (if it is) to require the subgrantees to take

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sufficient and effective steps to bring it into compliance and submit documentation that details the steps taken, contains a validation that the subgrantee has come into compliance, and includes an official legal opinion from counsel (including related legal analysis) adequately supporting the validation.
Additional guidance regarding compliance with Section 1373 can be found at: Question and Answer document provided to all JAG grantees and SCAAP recipients on July 7, 2016: https://www.bja.gov/ProgramDetails.aspx?Program_ID=59. DOJ Office of the Inspector General Memorandum posted on July 28, 2016 at: https://oig.justice.gov/reports/2016/1607.pdf.

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EXHIBIT 16

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U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Assistance

OMB No. 1121-0329 Approval Expires 12/31/2018

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Office of Justice Programs (OJP), Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) is seeking applications for the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program. This program furthers the Department’s mission by assisting State, local, and tribal efforts to prevent or reduce crime and violence.
Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program
FY 2017 Local Solicitation
Applications Due: September 5, 2017
Eligibility
Only units of local government may apply under this solicitation. By law, for purposes of the JAG Program, the term “units of local government” includes a town, township, village, parish, city, county, borough, or other general purpose political subdivision of a state; or, it may also be a federally recognized Indian tribal government that performs law enforcement functions (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior). A unit of local government may be any law enforcement district or judicial enforcement district established under applicable State law with authority to independently establish a budget and impose taxes; for example, in Louisiana, a unit of local government means a district attorney or parish sheriff.
A JAG application is not complete, and a unit of local government may not receive award funds, unless the chief executive of the applicant unit of local government (e.g., a mayor) properly executes, and the unit of local government submits, the “Certifications and Assurances by Chief Executive of Applicant Government” attached to this solicitation as Appendix I.
In addition, as discussed further below, in order validly to accept a Fiscal Year (FY) 2017 JAG award, the chief legal officer of the applicant unit of local government must properly execute, and the unit of local government must submit, the specific certification regarding compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 attached to this solicitation as Appendix II. (Note: this requirement does not apply to Indian tribal governments.) (The text of 8 U.S.C. § 1373 appears in Appendix II.)
Eligible allocations under JAG are posted annually on the JAG web page under “Funding.”

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Deadline
Applicants must register in the OJP Grants Management System (GMS) prior to submitting an application under this solicitation. All applicants must register, even those that previously registered in GMS. Select the “Apply Online” button associated with the solicitation title. All registrations and applications are due by 5 p.m. eastern time on September 5, 2017.
This deadline does not apply to the certification regarding compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. As explained below, a unit of local government (other than an Indian tribal government) may not validly accept an award unless that certification is submitted to the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) on or before the day the unit of local government submits the signed award acceptance documents.
For additional information, see How to Apply in Section D. Application and Submission Information.
Contact Information
For technical assistance with submitting an application, contact the Grants Management System (GMS) Support Hotline at 888–549–9901, option 3, or via email at GMS.HelpDesk@usdoj.gov. The GMS Support Hotline operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, including on federal holidays.
An applicant that experiences unforeseen GMS technical issues beyond its control that prevent it from submitting its application by the deadline must email the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) Response Center at grants@ncjrs.gov within 24 hours after the application deadline in order to request approval to submit its application. Additional information on reporting technical issues appears under “Experiencing Unforeseen GMS Technical Issues” in How to Apply in Section D. Application and Submission Information.
For assistance with any other requirement of this solicitation, applicants may contact the NCJRS Response Center by telephone at 1–800–851–3420; via TTY at 301–240–6310 (hearing impaired only); by email at grants@ncjrs.gov; by fax to 301–240–5830, or by web chat at https://webcontact.ncjrs.gov/ncjchat/chat.jsp. The NCJRS Response Center hours of operation are 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. eastern time, Monday through Friday, and 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. eastern time on the solicitation close date. Applicants also may contact the appropriate BJA State Policy Advisor.
Funding opportunity number assigned to this solicitation: BJA-2017-11301
Release date: August 3, 2017
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Contents
A. Program Description................................................................................................... 5 Overview ..........................................................................................................................5 Program-Specific Information ..........................................................................................5 Permissible uses of JAG Funds – In general ...................................................................5 Limitations on the use of JAG funds ................................................................................6 Required compliance with applicable federal laws...........................................................8 BJA areas of emphasis ....................................................................................................9 Goals, Objectives, and Deliverables ..............................................................................10 Evidence-Based Programs or Practices ........................................................................10 B. Federal Award Information ....................................................................................... 11 Type of Award................................................................................................................11 Financial Management and System of Internal Controls ...............................................12 Budget and Financial Information ..................................................................................13 Cost Sharing or Match Requirement..............................................................................14 Pre-Agreement Costs (also known as Pre-award Costs)...............................................14 Prior Approval, Planning, and Reporting of Conference/Meeting/Training Costs...........14 Costs Associated with Language Assistance (if applicable) ..........................................14 C. Eligibility Information ................................................................................................ 15 D. Application and Submission Information .................................................................. 15 What an Application Should Include ..............................................................................15 How to Apply..................................................................................................................26 E. Application Review Information ................................................................................ 28 Review Process .............................................................................................................28 F. Federal Award Administration Information................................................................ 29 Federal Award Notices ..................................................................................................29 Statutory and Regulatory Requirements; Award Conditions..........................................29 General Information about Post-Federal Award Reporting Requirements.....................30 G. Federal Awarding Agency Contact(s) ...................................................................... 31 H. Other Information ..................................................................................................... 31 Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. § 552 and 5 U.S.C. § 552a) .....31 Provide Feedback to OJP ..............................................................................................32 Application Checklist..................................................................................................... 33 Appendix I..................................................................................................................... 35
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Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program
FY 2017 Local Solicitation CFDA #16.738
A. Program Description
Overview The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program is the primary provider of federal criminal justice funding to States and units of local government. BJA will award JAG Program funds to eligible units of local government under this FY 2017 JAG Program Local Solicitation. (A separate solicitation will be issued for applications to BJA directly from States.)
Statutory Authority: The JAG Program statute is Subpart I of Part E of Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. Title I of the “Omnibus Act” generally is codified at Chapter 26 of Title 42 of the United States Code; the JAG Program statute is codified at 42 U.S.C. §§ 3750-3758. See also 28 U.S.C. § 530C(a).
Program-Specific Information
Permissible uses of JAG Funds – In general In general, JAG funds awarded to a unit of local government under this FY 2017 solicitation may be used to provide additional personnel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, training, technical assistance, and information systems for criminal justice, including for any one or more of the following:
• Law enforcement programs • Prosecution and court programs • Prevention and education programs • Corrections and community corrections programs • Drug treatment and enforcement programs • Planning, evaluation, and technology improvement programs • Crime victim and witness programs (other than compensation) • Mental health programs and related law enforcement and corrections programs,
including behavioral programs and crisis intervention teams
Under the JAG Program, units of local government may use award funds for broadband deployment and adoption activities as they relate to criminal justice activities.
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Limitations on the use of JAG funds Prohibited and controlled uses of funds – JAG funds may not be used (whether directly or indirectly) for any purpose prohibited by federal statute or regulation, including those purposes specifically prohibited by the JAG Program statute as set out at 42 U.S.C. § 3751(d):
(1) Any security enhancements or any equipment to any nongovernmental entity that is not engaged in criminal justice or public safety.
(2) Unless the Attorney General certifies that extraordinary and exigent circumstances exist that make the use of such funds to provide such matters essential to the maintenance of public safety and good order—
(a) Vehicles (excluding police cruisers), vessels (excluding police boats), or aircraft (excluding police helicopters)
(b) Luxury items (c) Real estate (d) Construction projects (other than penal or correctional institutions) (e) Any similar matters
For additional information on expenditures prohibited under JAG, as well as expenditures that are permitted but “controlled,” along with the process for requesting approval regarding controlled items, refer to the JAG Prohibited and Controlled Expenditures Guidance. Information also appears in the JAG FAQs.
Cap on use of JAG award funds for administrative costs – A unit of local government may use up to 10 percent of a JAG award, including up to 10 percent of any earned interest, for costs associated with administering the award.
Prohibition of supplanting; no use of JAG funds as “match” – JAG funds may not be used to supplant State or local funds but must be used to increase the amounts of such funds that would, in the absence of federal funds, be made available for law enforcement activities. See the JAG FAQs on BJA’s JAG web page for examples of supplanting.
Although supplanting is prohibited, as discussed under “What An Application Should Include,” the leveraging of federal funding is encouraged.
Absent specific federal statutory authority to do so, JAG award funds may not be used as “match” for the purposes of other federal awards.
Other restrictions on use of funds – If a unit of local government chooses to use its FY 2017 JAG funds for particular, defined types of expenditures, it must satisfy certain preconditions:
 Body-Worn Cameras (BWC) A unit of local government that proposes to use FY 2017 JAG award funds to purchase BWC equipment or to implement or enhance BWC programs, must provide to OJP a certification(s) that the unit of local government has policies and procedures in place related to BWC equipment usage, data storage and access, privacy considerations, training, etc. The certification can be found at: https://www.bja.gov/Funding/BodyWornCameraCert.pdf.
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A unit of local government that proposes to use JAG funds for BWC-related expenses will have funds withheld until the required certification is submitted and approved by OJP.
The BJA BWC Toolkit provides model BWC policies and best practices to assist departments in implementing BWC programs.
Apart from the JAG Program, BJA provides funds under the Body-Worn Camera Policy and Implementation Program (BWC Program). The BWC Program allows jurisdictions to develop and implement policies and practices required for effective program adoption and address program factors including the purchase, deployment, and maintenance of camera systems and equipment; data storage and access; and privacy considerations. Interested units of local government may wish to refer to the BWC web page for more information. Units of local government should note, however, that JAG funds may not be used as any part of the 50 percent match required by the BWC Program.
 Body Armor Ballistic-resistant and stab-resistant body armor can be funded through the JAG Program, as well as through BJA’s Bulletproof Vest Partnership (BVP) Program. The BVP Program is designed to provide a critical resource to local law enforcement through the purchase of ballistic-resistant and stab-resistant body armor. For more information on the BVP Program, including eligibility and application, refer to the BVP web page. Units of local government should note, however, that JAG funds may not be used as any part of the 50 percent match required by the BVP Program.
Body armor purchased with JAG funds may be purchased at any threat level, make, or model from any distributor or manufacturer, as long as the body armor has been tested and found to comply with the latest applicable National Institute of Justice (NIJ) ballistic or stab standards. In addition, body armor purchased must be made in the United States.
As is the case in the BVP Program, units of local government that propose to purchase body armor with JAG funds must certify that law enforcement agencies receiving body armor have a written “mandatory wear” policy in effect. FAQs related to the mandatory wear policy and certifications can be found at: https://www.bja.gov/Funding/JAGFAQ.pdf. This policy must be in place for at least all uniformed officers before any FY 2017 funding can be used by the unit of local government for body armor. There are no requirements regarding the nature of the policy other than it being a mandatory wear policy for all uniformed officers while on duty. The certification must be signed by the Authorized Representative and must be attached to the application if proposed as part of the application. If the unit of local government proposes to change project activities to utilize JAG funds to purchase body armor after the award is accepted, the unit of local government must submit the signed certification to BJA at that time. A mandatory wear concept and issues paper and a model policy are available by contacting the BVP Customer Support Center at vests@usdoj.gov or toll free at 1–877–758–3787. The certification form related to mandatory wear can be found at: www.bja.gov/Funding/BodyArmorMandatoryWearCert.pdf.
 DNA Testing of Evidentiary Materials and Upload of DNA Profiles to a Database
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If JAG Program funds will be used for DNA testing of evidentiary materials, any resulting eligible DNA profiles must be uploaded to the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS, the national DNA database operated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI]) by a government DNA lab with access to CODIS. No profiles generated with JAG funding may be entered into any other non-governmental DNA database without prior express written approval from BJA.

In addition, funds may not be used for purchase of DNA equipment and supplies when the resulting DNA profiles from such technology are not accepted for entry into CODIS.



Interoperable Communication

Units of local government (including subrecipients) that use FY 2017 JAG funds to

support emergency communications activities (including the purchase of interoperable

communications equipment and technologies such as voice-over-internet protocol

bridging or gateway devices, or equipment to support the build out of wireless

broadband networks in the 700 MHz public safety band under the Federal

Communications Commission [FCC] Waiver Order) should review FY 2017 SAFECOM

Guidance. The SAFECOM Guidance is updated annually to provide current information

on emergency communications policies, eligible costs, best practices, and technical

standards for State, local, tribal, and territorial grantees investing federal funds in

emergency communications projects. Additionally, emergency communications projects

should support the Statewide Communication Interoperability Plan (SCIP) and be

coordinated with the fulltime Statewide Interoperability Coordinator (SWIC) in the State

of the project. As the central coordination point for their State’s interoperability effort, the

SWIC plays a critical role, and can serve as a valuable resource. SWICs are responsible

for the implementation of SCIP through coordination and collaboration with the

emergency response community. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security Office of

Emergency Communications maintains a list of SWICs for each of the States and

territories. Contact OEC@hq.dhs.gov. All communications equipment purchased with FY

2017 JAG Program funding should be identified during quarterly performance metrics

reporting.

In order to promote information sharing and enable interoperability among disparate systems across the justice and public safety communities, OJP requires the recipient to comply with DOJ's Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative guidelines and recommendations for this particular grant. Recipients must conform to the Global Standards Package (GSP) and all constituent elements, where applicable, as described at: https://www.it.ojp.gov/gsp_grantcondition. Recipients must document planned approaches to information sharing and describe compliance to GSP and an appropriate privacy policy that protects shared information, or provide detailed justification for why an alternative approach is recommended.

Required compliance with applicable federal laws By law, the chief executive (e.g., the mayor) of each unit of local government that applies for an FY 2017 JAG award must certify that the unit of local government will “comply with all provisions of [the JAG program statute] and all other applicable Federal laws.” To satisfy this requirement, each unit of local government applicant must submit two properly executed certifications using the forms shown in Appendix I and Appendix II.

All applicants should understand that OJP awards, including certifications provided in connection with such awards, are subject to review by DOJ, including by OJP and by the DOJ
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Office of the Inspector General. Applicants also should understand that a materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement (or concealment or omission of a material fact) in a certification submitted to OJP in support of an application may be the subject of criminal prosecution, and also may result in civil penalties and administrative remedies for false claims or otherwise. Administrative remedies that may be available to OJP with respect to an FY 2017 award include suspension or termination of the award, placement on the DOJ high risk grantee list, disallowance of costs, and suspension or debarment of the recipient.
BJA areas of emphasis BJA recognizes that there are significant pressures on local criminal justice systems. In these challenging times, shared priorities and leveraged resources can make a significant impact. As a component of OJP, BJA intends to focus much of its work on the areas of emphasis described below, and encourages each unit of local government recipient of an FY 2017 JAG award to join us in addressing these challenges:
• Reducing Gun Violence – Gun violence has touched nearly every State and local government in America. While our nation has made great strides in reducing violent crime, some municipalities and regions continue to experience unacceptable levels of violent crime at rates far in excess of the national average. BJA encourages units of local government to invest JAG funds in programs to combat gun violence, enforce existing firearms laws, and improve the process for ensuring that persons prohibited from purchasing guns are prevented from doing so by enhancing reporting to the FBI’s National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS).
• National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) – The FBI has formally announced its intentions to establish NIBRS as the law enforcement crime data reporting standard for the nation. The transition to NIBRS will provide a more complete and accurate picture of crime at the national, State, and local levels. Once this transition is complete, the FBI will no longer collect summary data and will accept data only in the NIBRS format. Also, once the transition is complete, JAG award amounts will be calculated on the basis of submitted NIBRS data. Transitioning all law enforcement agencies to NIBRS is the first step in gathering more comprehensive crime data. BJA encourages recipients of FY 2017 JAG awards to use JAG funds to expedite the transition to NIBRS.
• Officer Safety and Wellness – The issue of law enforcement safety and wellness is an important priority for the Department of Justice. Preliminary data compiled by the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund indicates that there were 135 line-ofduty law enforcement deaths in 2016—the highest level in the past 5 years and a 10 percent increase from 2015 (123 deaths).
Firearms-related deaths continued to be the leading cause of death (64), increasing 56 percent from 2015 (41). Of particular concern is that of the 64 firearms-related deaths, 21 were as a result of ambush-style attacks representing the highest total in more than two decades. Traffic-related deaths continued to rise in 2016 with 53 officers killed, a 10 percent increase from 2015 (48 deaths). Additionally, there were 11 job-related illness deaths in 2016, mostly heart attacks.
BJA sees a vital need to focus not only on tactical officer safety concerns but also on health and wellness as they affect officer performance and safety. It is important for law enforcement to have the tactical skills necessary, and also be physically and mentally well, to perform, survive, and be resilient in the face of the demanding duties of the
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profession. BJA encourages units of local government to use JAG funds to address these needs by providing training, including paying for tuition and travel expenses related to attending trainings such as VALOR training, as well as funding for health and wellness programs for law enforcement officers.
• Border Security – The security of United States borders is critically important to the reduction and prevention of transnational drug-trafficking networks and combating all forms of human trafficking within the United States (sex and labor trafficking of foreign nationals and U.S. citizens of all sexes and ages). These smuggling operations on both sides of the border contribute to a significant increase in violent crime and U.S. deaths from dangerous drugs. Additionally, illegal immigration continues to place a significant strain on federal, State, and local resources—particularly on those agencies charged with border security and immigration enforcement—as well as the local communities into which many of the illegal immigrants are placed. BJA encourages units of local government to use JAG funds to support law enforcement hiring, training, and technology enhancement in the area of border security.
• Collaborative Prosecution – BJA supports strong partnerships between prosecutors and police as a means to improve case outcomes and take violent offenders off the street. BJA strongly encourages State and local law enforcement to foster strong partnerships with prosecutors to adopt new collaborative strategies aimed at combating increases in crime, particularly violent crime. (BJA's “Smart Prosecution” Initiative is a related effort by OJP to promote partnerships between prosecutors and researchers to develop and deliver effective, data-driven, evidence-based strategies to solve chronic problems and fight crime.)
Goals, Objectives, and Deliverables In general, the FY 2017 JAG Program is designed to provide additional personnel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, training, technical assistance, and information systems for criminal justice. The JAG Local Program is designed to assist units of local government with respect to criminal justice.
As discussed in more detail below, a unit of local government that receives an FY 2017 JAG award will be required to prepare various types of reports and to submit data related to performance measures and accountability. The Goals, Objectives, and Deliverables are directly related to the JAG Progam accountability measures.
Evidence-Based Programs or Practices OJP strongly emphasizes the use of data and evidence in policy making and program development in criminal justice, juvenile justice, and crime victim services. OJP is committed to:
• Improving the quantity and quality of evidence OJP generates • Integrating evidence into program, practice, and policy decisions within OJP and the
field • Improving the translation of evidence into practice
OJP considers programs and practices to be evidence-based when their effectiveness has been demonstrated by causal evidence, generally obtained through one or more outcome evaluations. Causal evidence documents a relationship between an activity or intervention (including technology) and its intended outcome, including measuring the direction and size of a change, and the extent to which a change may be attributed to the activity or intervention.
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Causal evidence depends on the use of scientific methods to rule out, to the extent possible, alternative explanations for the documented change. The strength of causal evidence, based on the factors described above, will influence the degree to which OJP considers a program or practice to be evidence-based. The OJP CrimeSolutions.gov website is one resource that applicants may use to find information about evidence-based programs in criminal justice, juvenile justice, and crime victim services.
A useful matrix of evidence-based policing programs and strategies is available through the Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy at George Mason University. BJA offers a number of program models designed to effectively implement promising and evidence-based strategies through the BJA “Smart Suite” of programs, including Smart Policing, Smart Supervision, Smart Pretrial, Smart Defense, Smart Prosecution, Smart Reentry, and others (see: https://www.bja.gov/Programs/CRPPE/smartsuite.html). BJA encourages units of local government to use JAG funds to support these “smart on crime” strategies, including effective partnerships with universities, research partners, and non-traditional criminal justice partners.
BJA Success Stories The BJA Success Stories web page features projects that have demonstrated success or shown promise in reducing crime and positively impacting communities. This web page will be a valuable resource for States, localities, territories, tribes, and criminal justice professionals that seek to identify and learn about JAG and other successful BJA-funded projects linked to innovation, crime reduction, and evidence-based practices. BJA strongly encourages the recipient to submit success stories annually (or more frequently).
If a unit of local government has a success story it would like to submit, it may be submitted through My BJA account, using “add a Success Story” and the Success Story Submission form. Register for a My BJA account using this registration link.
B. Federal Award Information
BJA estimates that it will make up to 1,100 local awards totaling an estimated $83,000,000.
Awards of at least $25,000 are 4 years in length, and award periods will be from October 1, 2016 through September 30, 2020. Extensions beyond this period may be made on a case-bycase basis at the discretion of BJA and must be requested via GMS no less than 30 days prior to the grant end date.
Awards of less than $25,000 are 2 years in length, and award periods will be from October 1, 2016 through September 30, 2018. Extensions of up to 2 years can be requested for these awards via GMS no less than 30 days prior to the grant end date, and will be automatically granted upon request.
All awards are subject to the availability of appropriated funds and to any modifications or additional requirements that may be imposed by statute.
Type of Award BJA expects that any award under this solicitation will be in the form of a grant. See Statutory and Regulatory Requirements; Award Conditions, under Section F. Federal Award Administration Information, for a brief discussion of important statutes, regulations, and award conditions that apply to many (or in some cases, all) OJP grants.
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JAG awards are based on a statutory formula as described below.
Once each fiscal year’s overall JAG Program funding level is determined, BJA works with the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) to begin a four-step grant award calculation process, which, in general, consists of:
(1) Computing an initial JAG allocation for each State, based on its share of violent crime and population (weighted equally).
(2) Reviewing the initial JAG allocation amount to determine if the State allocation is less than the minimum award amount defined in the JAG legislation (0.25 percent of the total). If this is the case, the State is funded at the minimum level, and the funds required for this are deducted from the overall pool of JAG funds. Each of the remaining States receive the minimum award plus an additional amount based on its share of violent crime and population.
(3) Dividing each State’s final award amount (except for the territories and District of Columbia) between the State and its units of local governments at a rate of 60 and 40 percent, respectively.
(4) Determining unit of local government award allocations, which are based on their proportion of the State’s 3-year violent crime average. If the “eligible award amount” for a particular unit of local government as determined on this basis is $10,000 or more, then the unit of local government is eligible to apply directly to OJP (under the JAG Local solicitation) for a JAG award. If the “eligible award amount” to a particular unit of local government as determined on this basis would be less than $10,000, however, the funds are not made available for a direct award to that particular unit of local government, but instead are added to the amount that otherwise would have been awarded to the State.
Financial Management and System of Internal Controls Award recipients and subrecipients (including recipients or subrecipients that are pass-through entities1) must, as described in the Part 200 Uniform Requirements2 as set out at 2 C.F.R. 200.303:
(a) Establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that [the recipient (and any subrecipient)] is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in “Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government” issued by the Comptroller General of the United States and the “Internal Control Integrated Framework”, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
(b) Comply with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal awards.
1 For purposes of this solicitation, the phrase “pass-through entity” includes any recipient or subrecipient that provides a subaward ("subgrant”) to carry out part of the funded award or program. 2 The "Part 200 Uniform Requirements” refers to the DOJ regulation at 2 C.F.R Part 2800, which adopts (with certain modifications) the provisions of 2 C.F.R. Part 200.
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(c) Evaluate and monitor [the recipient’s (and any subrecipient’s)] compliance with statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of Federal awards.
(d) Take prompt action when instances of noncompliance are identified including noncompliance identified in audit findings.
(e) Take reasonable measures to safeguard protected personally identifiable information and other information the Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity designates as sensitive or [the recipient (or any subrecipient)] considers sensitive consistent with applicable Federal, State, local, and tribal laws regarding privacy and obligations of confidentiality.
To help ensure that applicants understand the administrative requirements and cost principles, OJP encourages prospective applicants to enroll, at no charge, in the DOJ Grants Financial Management Online Training, available here.
Budget and Financial Information Trust Fund – Units of local government may draw down JAG funds either in advance or on a reimbursement basis. To draw down in advance, a trust fund must be established in which to deposit the funds. The trust fund may or may not be an interest-bearing account. If subrecipients draw down JAG funds in advance, they also must establish a trust fund in which to deposit funds.
Tracking and reporting regarding JAG funds used for State administrative costs – As indicated earlier, a unit of local government may use up to 10 percent of a JAG award, including up to 10 percent of any earned interest, for costs associated with administering the award. Administrative costs (when utilized) must be tracked separately; a recipient must report in separate financial status reports (SF-425) those expenditures that specifically relate to each particular JAG award during any particular reporting period.
No commingling – Both the unit of local government recipient and all subrecipients of JAG funds are prohibited from commingling funds on a program-by-program or project-by-project basis. For this purpose, use of the administrative JAG funds to perform work across all active awards in any one year is not considered comingling.
Disparate Certification – In some cases, as defined by the legislation, a disparity may exist between the funding eligibility of a county and its associated municipalities. Three different types of disparities may exist:
• The first type is a zero-county disparity. This situation exists when one or more municipalities within a county are eligible for a direct award but the county is not; yet the county is responsible for providing criminal justice services (such as prosecution and incarceration) for the municipality. In this case, the county is entitled to part of the municipality’s award because it shares the cost of criminal justice operations, although it may not report crime data to the FBI. This is the most common type of disparity.
• A second type of disparity exists when both a county and a municipality within that county qualify for a direct award, but the award amount for the municipality exceeds 150 percent of the county’s award amount.
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• The third type of disparity occurs when a county and multiple municipalities within that county are all eligible for direct awards, but the sum of the awards for the individual municipalities exceeds 400 percent of the county’s award amount.
Jurisdictions certified as disparate must identify a fiscal agent that will submit a joint application for the aggregate eligible allocation to all disparate municipalities. The joint application must determine and specify the award distribution to each unit of local government and the purposes for which the funds will be used. When beginning the JAG application process, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that identifies which jurisdiction will serve as the applicant or fiscal agent for joint funds must be completed and signed by the Authorized Representative for each participating jurisdiction. The signed MOU should be attached to the application. For a sample MOU, go to: www.bja.gov/Funding/JAGMOU.pdf.
Cost Sharing or Match Requirement The JAG Program does not require a match.
For additional cost sharing and match information, see the DOJ Grants Financial Guide.
Pre-Agreement Costs (also known as Pre-award Costs) Pre-agreement costs are costs incurred by the applicant prior to the start date of the period of performance of the grant award.
OJP does not typically approve pre-agreement costs. An applicant must request and obtain the prior written approval of OJP for any such costs. All such costs incurred prior to award and prior to approval of the costs are incurred at the sole risk of the applicant. (Generally, no applicant should incur project costs before submitting an application requesting federal funding for those costs.)
Should there be extenuating circumstances that make it appropriate for OJP to consider approving pre-agreement costs, the applicant may contact the point of contact listed on the title page of this solicitation for the requirements concerning written requests for approval. If approved in advance by OJP, award funds may be used for pre-agreement costs, consistent with the recipient’s approved budget and applicable cost principles. See the section on “Costs Requiring Prior Approval” in the DOJ Grants Financial Guide for more information.
Prior Approval, Planning, and Reporting of Conference/Meeting/Training Costs\ OJP strongly encourages every applicant that proposes to use award funds for any conference-, meeting-, or training-related activity (or similar event) to review carefully—before submitting an application—the OJP and DOJ policy and guidance on approval, planning, and reporting of such events, available at: https://www.ojp.gov/financialguide/DOJ/PostawardRequirements/chapter3.10a.htm.
OJP policy and guidance (1) encourage minimization of conference, meeting, and training costs; (2) require prior written approval (which may affect project timelines) of most conference, meeting, and training costs for cooperative agreement recipients, as well as some conference, meeting, and training costs for grant recipients; and (3) set cost limits, which include a general prohibition of all food and beverage costs.
Costs Associated with Language Assistance (if applicable) If an applicant proposes a program or activity that would deliver services or benefits to individuals, the costs of taking reasonable steps to provide meaningful access to those services
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or benefits for individuals with limited English proficiency may be allowable. Reasonable steps to provide meaningful access to services or benefits may include interpretation or translation services, where appropriate.
For additional information, see the “Civil Rights Compliance” section under “Overview of Legal Requirements Generally Applicable to OJP Grants and Cooperative Agreements - FY 2017 Awards” in the OJP Funding Resource Center.
C. Eligibility Information
For information on eligibility, see the title page of this solicitation.
Note that, as discussed in more detail below, the certification regarding compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 must be executed and submitted before a unit of local government (other than an Indian tribal government) can make a valid award acceptance. Also, a unit of local government may not receive award funds (and its award will include a condition that withholds funds) until it submits a properly executed “Certifications and Assurances by Chief Executive of Applicant Government.”
D. Application and Submission Information
What an Application Should Include This section describes in detail what an application should include. An applicant should anticipate that if it fails to submit an application that contains all of the specified elements, it may negatively affect the review of its application; and, should a decision be made to make an award, it may result in the inclusion of award conditions that preclude the recipient from accessing or using award funds until the recipient satisfies the conditions and OJP makes the funds available.
An applicant may combine the Budget Narrative and the Budget Detail Worksheet in one document. If an applicant submits only one budget document, however, it must contain both narrative and detail information. Please review the “Note on File Names and File Types” under How to Apply to be sure applications are submitted in permitted formats.
OJP strongly recommends that applicants use appropriately descriptive file names (e.g., “Program Narrative,” “Budget Detail Worksheet and Budget Narrative,” “Timelines,” “Memoranda of Understanding,” “Résumés”) for all attachments. Also, OJP recommends that applicants include résumés in a single file.
In general, if a unit of local government fails to submit required information or documents, OJP either will return the unit of local government’s application in the Grants Management System (GMS) for submission of the missing information or documents, or will attach a condition to the award that will withhold award funds until the necessary information and documents are submitted. (As discussed elsewhere in this solicitation, the certification regarding compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373—which is set out at Appendix II—will be handled differently. Unless and until that certification is submitted, the unit of local government (other than an Indian tribal government) will be unable to make a valid acceptance of the award.)
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1. Information to Complete the Application for Federal Assistance (SF-424) The SF-424 is a required standard form used as a cover sheet for submission of preapplications, applications, and related information. GMS takes information from the applicant’s profile to populate the fields on this form.
To avoid processing delays, an applicant must include an accurate legal name on its SF424. Current OJP award recipients, when completing the field for “Legal Name,” should use the same legal name that appears on the prior year award document, which is also the legal name stored in OJP’s financial system. On the SF-424, enter the Legal Name in box 5 and Employer Identification Number (EIN) in box 6 exactly as it appears on the prior year award document. An applicant with a current, active award(s) must ensure that its GMS profile is current. If the profile is not current, the applicant should submit a Grant Adjustment Notice updating the information on its GMS profile prior to applying under this solicitation.
A new applicant entity should enter the Official Legal Name and address of the applicant entity in box 5 and the EIN in box 6 of the SF-424.
Intergovernmental Review: This solicitation (“funding opportunity”) is within the scope of Executive Order 12372, concerning State opportunities to coordinate applications for federal financial assistance. See 28 C.F.R. Part 30. An applicant may find the names and addresses of State Single Points of Contact (SPOCs) at the following website: https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/grants_spoc/. If the State appears on the SPOC list, the applicant must contact the State SPOC to find out about, and comply with, the State’s process under E.O. 12372. In completing the SF-424, an applicant whose State appears on the SPOC list is to make the appropriate selection in response to question 19 once the applicant has complied with its State E.O. 12372 process. (An applicant whose State does not appear on the SPOC list should answer question 19 by selecting the response that the “Program is subject to E.O. 12372 but has not been selected by the State for review.”)
2. Project Abstract Applications should include a high-quality project abstract that summarizes the proposed project in 400 words or less. Project abstracts should be:
• Written for a general public audience. • Submitted as a separate attachment with “Project Abstract” as part of its file name. • Single-spaced, using a standard 12-point font (Times New Roman) with 1-inch margins. • Include applicant name, title of the project, a brief description of the problem to be
addressed and the targeted area/population, project goals and objectives, a description of the project strategy, any significant partnerships, and anticipated outcomes. • Identify up to 10 project identifiers that would be associated with proposed project activities. The list of identifiers can be found at www.bja.gov/funding/JAGIdentifiers.pdf.
3. Program Narrative The following sections should be included as part of the program narrative3:
a. Statement of the Problem – Identify the unit of local government’s strategy/funding priorities for the FY 2017 JAG funds, the subgrant award process and timeline, and a
3 For information on subawards (including the details on proposed subawards that should be included in the application), see "Budget and Associated Documentation" under Section D. Application and Submission Information.
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description of the programs to be funded over the grant period. Units of local government are strongly encouraged to prioritize the funding on evidence-based projects.
b. Project Design and Implementation – Describe the unit of local government’s strategic planning process, if any, that guides its priorities and funding strategy. This should include a description of how the local community is engaged in the planning process and the data and analysis utilized to support the plan; it should identify the stakeholders currently participating in the strategic planning process, the gaps in the needed resources for criminal justice purposes, and how JAG funds will be coordinated with State and related justice funds.
c. Capabilities and Competencies – Describe any additional strategic planning/coordination efforts in which the units of local government participates with other criminal justice criminal/juvenile justice agencies in the State.
d. Plan for Collecting the Data Required for this Solicitation’s Performance Measures – OJP will require each successful applicant to submit specific performance measures data as part of its reporting under the award (see “General Information about PostFederal Award Reporting Requirements” in Section F. Federal Award Administration Information). The performance measures correlate to the goals, objectives, and deliverables identified under “Goals, Objectives, and Deliverables” in Section A. Program Description. Post award, recipients will be required to submit quarterly performance metrics through BJA’s Performance Measurement Tool (PMT), located at: https://bjapmt.ojp.gov. The application should describe the applicant's plan for collection of all of the performance measures data listed in the JAG Program accountability measures at: https://bjapmt.ojp.gov/help/jagdocs.html.
BJA does not require applicants to submit performance measures data with their application. Performance measures are included as an alert that BJA will require successful applicants to submit specific data as part of their reporting requirements. For the application, applicants should indicate an understanding of these requirements and discuss how they will gather the required data, should they receive funding.
Note on Project Evaluations An applicant that proposes to use award funds through this solicitation to conduct project evaluations should be aware that certain project evaluations (such as systematic investigations designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge) may constitute “research” for purposes of applicable DOJ human subjects protection regulations. However, project evaluations that are intended only to generate internal improvements to a program or service, or are conducted only to meet OJP’s performance measure data reporting requirements, likely do not constitute “research.” Each applicant should provide sufficient information for OJP to determine whether the particular project it proposes would either intentionally or unintentionally collect and/or use information in such a way that it meets the DOJ regulatory definition of research that appears at 28 C.F.R. Part 46 (“Protection of Human Subjects”).
Research, for the purposes of human subjects protection for OJP-funded programs, is defined as “a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.” 28 C.F.R. 46.102(d).
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For additional information on determining whether a proposed activity would constitute research for purposes of human subjects protection, applicants should consult the decision tree in the “Research and the Protection of Human Subjects” section of the “Requirements related to Research” web page of the “Overview of Legal Requirements Generally Applicable to OJP Grants and Cooperative Agreements - FY 2017” available through the OJP Funding Resource Center. Every prospective applicant whose application may propose a research or statistical component also should review the “Data Privacy and Confidentiality Requirements” section on that web page.
4. Budget and Associated Documentation
(a) Budget Detail Worksheet A sample Budget Detail Worksheet can be found at www.ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/BudgetDetailWorksheet.pdf. An applicant that submits its budget in a different format should use the budget categories listed in the sample budget worksheet. The Budget Detail Worksheet should break out costs by year.
For questions pertaining to budget and examples of allowable and unallowable costs, see the DOJ Grants Financial Guide.
(b) Budget Narrative The Budget Narrative should thoroughly and clearly describe every category of expense listed in the proposed Budget Detail Worksheet. OJP expects proposed budgets to be complete, cost effective, and allowable (e.g., reasonable, allocable, and necessary for project activities). This narrative should include a full description of all costs, including administrative costs (if applicable).
An applicant should demonstrate in its Budget Narrative how it will maximize cost effectiveness of award expenditures. Budget narratives should generally describe cost effectiveness in relation to potential alternatives and the goals of the project. For example, a budget narrative should detail why planned in-person meetings are necessary, or how technology and collaboration with outside organizations could be used to reduce costs, without compromising quality.
The Budget Narrative should be mathematically sound and correspond clearly with the information and figures provided in the Budget Detail Worksheet. The narrative should explain how the applicant estimated and calculated all costs, and how those costs are necessary to the completion of the proposed project. The narrative may include tables for clarification purposes, but need not be in a spreadsheet format. As with the Budget Detail Worksheet, the Budget Narrative should describe costs by year.
(c) Information on Proposed Subawards (if any), as well as on Proposed Procurement Contracts (if any) Applicants for OJP awards typically may propose to make “subawards.” Applicants also may propose to enter into procurement “contracts” under the award.
Whether—for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements—a particular agreement between a recipient and a third party will be considered a “subaward” or instead considered a procurement “contract” under the award is determined by federal rules and applicable OJP guidance. It is an important distinction, in part because the
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federal administrative rules and requirements that apply to “subawards” and procurement “contracts” under awards differ markedly.
In general, the central question is the relationship between what the third party will do under its agreement with the recipient and what the recipient has committed (to OJP) to do under its award to further a public purpose (e.g., services the recipient will provide, products it will develop or modify, research or evaluation it will conduct). If a third party will provide some of the services the recipient has committed (to OJP) to provide, will develop or modify all or part of a product the recipient has committed (to OJP) to develop or modify, or conduct part of the research or evaluation the recipient has committed (to OJP) to conduct, OJP will consider the agreement with the third party a subaward for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements.
This will be true even if the recipient, for internal or other non-federal purposes, labels or treats its agreement as a procurement, a contract, or a procurement contract. Neither the title nor the structure of an agreement determines whether the agreement—for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements—is a “subaward” or is instead a procurement “contract” under an award.
Additional guidance on the circumstances under which (for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements) an agreement constitutes a subaward as opposed to a procurement contract under an award is available (along with other resources) on the OJP Part 200 Uniform Requirements web page.
(1) Information on proposed subawards and required certification regarding 8 U.S.C. § 1373 from certain subrecipients
General requirement for federal authorization of any subaward; statutory authorizations of subawards under the JAG Program statute. Generally, a recipient of an OJP award may not make subawards (“subgrants”) unless the recipient has specific federal authorization to do so. Unless an applicable statute or DOJ regulation specifically authorizes (or requires) particular subawards, a recipient must have authorization from OJP before it may make a subaward.
JAG subawards that are required or specifically authorized by statute (see 42 U.S.C. § 3751(a) and 42 U.S.C. § 3755) do not require prior approval to authorize subawards. This includes subawards made by units of local government under the JAG Program.
A particular subaward may be authorized by OJP because the recipient included a sufficiently detailed description and justification of the proposed subaward in the application as approved by OJP. If, however, a particular subaward is not authorized by federal statute or regulation and is not sufficiently described and justified in the application as approved by OJP, the recipient will be required, post award, to request and obtain written authorization from OJP before it may make the subaward.
If an applicant proposes to make one or more subawards to carry out the federal award and program, and those subawards are not specifically authorized (or required) by statute or regulation, the applicant should: (1) identify (if known) the proposed subrecipient(s), (2) describe in detail what each subrecipient will do to carry out the federal award and federal program, and (3) provide a justification for the
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subaward(s), with details on pertinent matters such as special qualifications and areas of expertise. Pertinent information on subawards should appear not only in the Program Narrative but also in the Budget Detail Worksheet and budget narrative.
NEW Required certification regarding 8 U.S.C. § 1373 from any proposed subrecipient that is a unit of local government or “public” institution of higher education. Before a unit of local government may subaward FY 2017 award funds to another unit of local government or to a public institution of higher education, it will be required (by award condition) to obtain a properly executed certification regarding compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 from the proposed subrecipient. (This requirement regarding 8 U.S.C. § 1373 will not apply to subawards to Indian tribes). The specific certification the unit of local government must require from another unit of local government will vary somewhat from the specific certification it must require from a public institution of higher education. The forms will be posted and available for download at: https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/SampleCertifications-8USC1373.htm.
(2) Information on proposed procurement contracts (with specific justification for proposed noncompetitive contracts over $150,000)
Unlike a recipient contemplating a subaward, a recipient of an OJP award generally does not need specific prior federal authorization to enter into an agreement that— for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements—is considered a procurement contract, provided that (1) the recipient uses its own documented procurement procedures and (2) those procedures conform to applicable federal law, including the Procurement Standards of the (DOJ) Part 200 Uniform Requirements (as set out at 2 C.F.R. 200.317 - 200.326). The Budget Detail Worksheet and budget narrative should identify proposed procurement contracts. (As discussed above, subawards must be identified and described separately from procurement contracts.)
The Procurement Standards in the (DOJ) Part 200 Uniform Requirements, however, reflect a general expectation that agreements that (for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements) constitute procurement “contracts” under awards will be entered into on the basis of full and open competition. If a proposed procurement contract would exceed the simplified acquisition threshold—currently, $150,000—a recipient of an OJP award may not proceed without competition, unless and until the recipient receives specific advance authorization from OJP to use a non-competitive approach for the procurement.
An applicant that (at the time of its application) intends—without competition—to enter into a procurement contract that would exceed $150,000 should include a detailed justification that explains to OJP why, in the particular circumstances, it is appropriate to proceed without competition. Various considerations that may be pertinent to the justification are outlined in the DOJ Grants Financial Guide.
(d) Pre-Agreement Costs For information on pre-agreement costs, see Section B. Federal Award Information.
5. Indirect Cost Rate Agreement (if applicable) Indirect costs may be charged to an award only if:
(a) The recipient has a current (that is, unexpired), federally approved indirect cost rate; or
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(b) The recipient is eligible to use, and elects to use, the “de minimis” indirect cost rate described in the (DOJ) Part 200 Uniform Requirements, as set out at 2 C.F.R. 200.414(f).
Note: This rule does not eliminate or alter the JAG-specific restriction in federal law that charges for administrative costs may not exceed 10 percent of the award amount, regardless of the approved indirect cost rate.
An applicant with a current (that is, unexpired) federally approved indirect cost rate is to attach a copy of the indirect cost rate agreement to the application. An applicant that does not have a current federally approved rate may request one through its cognizant federal agency, which will review all documentation and approve a rate for the applicant entity, or, if the applicant’s accounting system permits, applicants may propose to allocate costs in the direct cost categories.
For assistance with identifying the appropriate cognizant federal agency for indirect costs, please contact the OCFO Customer Service Center at 1–800–458–0786 or at ask.ocfo@usdoj.gov. If DOJ is the cognizant federal agency, applicants may obtain information needed to submit an indirect cost rate proposal at: www.ojp.gov/funding/Apply/Resources/IndirectCosts.pdf.
Certain OJP recipients have the option of electing to use the “de minimis” indirect cost rate. An applicant that is eligible to use the “de minimis” rate that wishes to use the “de minimis” rate should attach written documentation to the application that advises OJP of both: (1) the applicant’s eligibility to use the “de minimis” rate, and (2) its election to do so. If an eligible applicant elects the “de minimis” rate, costs must be consistently charged as either indirect or direct costs, but may not be double charged or inconsistently charged as both. The “de minimis” rate may no longer be used once an approved federally-negotiated indirect cost rate is in place. (No entity that ever has had a federally approved negotiated indirect cost rate is eligible to use the “de minimis” rate.)
6. Tribal Authorizing Resolution (if applicable) An applicant that proposes to provide direct services or assistance to residents on tribal lands should include in its application a resolution, a letter, affidavit, or other documentation, as appropriate, that demonstrates (as a legal matter) that the applicant has the requisite authorization from the tribe(s) to implement the proposed project on tribal lands.
OJP will not deny an application for an FY 2017 award for failure to submit such tribal authorizing resolution (or other appropriate documentation) by the application deadline, but a unit of local government will not receive award funds (and its award will include a condition that withholds funds) until it submits the appropriate documentation.
7. Financial Management and System of Internal Controls Questionnaire (including applicant disclosure of high-risk status) Every unit of local government is to complete the OJP Financial Management and System of Internal Controls Questionnaire as part of its application. In accordance with the Part 200 Uniform Requirements as set out at 2 C.F.R. 200.205, federal agencies must have in place a framework for evaluating the risks posed by applicants before they receive a federal award.
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8. Applicant Disclosure of High Risk Status Applicants that are currently designated high risk by another federal grant making agency must disclose that status. For purposes of this disclosure, high risk includes any status under which a federal awarding agency provides additional oversight due to the applicant’s past performance, or other programmatic or financial concerns with the applicant. If an applicant is designated high risk by another federal awarding agency, the applicant must provide the following information:
• The federal agency that currently designated the applicant as high risk • Date the applicant was designated high risk • The high risk point of contact at that federal awarding agency (name, phone number,
and email address). • Reasons for the high risk status, as set out by the federal awarding agency
OJP seeks this information to help ensure appropriate federal oversight of OJP awards. An applicant that is considered “high risk” by another federal awarding agency is not automatically disqualified from receiving an OJP award. OJP may, however, consider the information in award decisions, and may impose additional OJP oversight of any award under this solicitation (including through the conditions that accompany the award document).
9. Disclosure of Lobbying Activities An applicant that expends any funds for lobbying activities is to provide all of the information requested on the form Disclosure of Lobbying Activities (SF-LLL).
10. Certifications and Assurances by the Chief Executive of the Applicant Government A JAG application is not complete, and a unit of local government may not receive award funds, unless the chief executive of the applicant unit of local government (e.g., the mayor) properly executes, and the unit of local government submits, the “Certifications and Assurances by the Chief Executive of the Applicant Government” attached to this solicitation as Appendix I.
OJP will not deny an application for an FY 2017 award for failure to submit these “Certifications and Assurances by the Chief Executive of the Applicant Government” by the application deadline, but a unit of local government will not receive award funds (and its award will include a condition that withholds funds) until it submits these certifications and assurances, properly executed by the chief executive of the unit of local government (e.g., the mayor).
11. Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 by the Chief Legal Officer of the Applicant Government The chief legal officer of an applicant unit of local government (e.g., the General Counsel) is to carefully review the “State or Local Government: FY 2017 Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373” that is attached as Appendix II to this solicitation. If the chief legal officer determines that he or she may execute the certification, the unit of local government is to submit the certification as part of its application. (Note: this requirement does not apply to Indian tribal governments.)
As discussed further below, a unit of local government (other than an Indian tribal government) applicant will be unable to make a valid award acceptance of an FY 2017 JAG
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award unless and until a properly executed certification by its chief legal officer is received by OJP on or before the day the unit of local government submits an executed award document.

12. Additional Attachments

(a) Applicant Disclosure of Pending Applications Each applicant is to disclose whether it has (or is proposed as a subrecipient under) any pending applications for federally funded grants or cooperative agreements that (1) include requests for funding to support the same project being proposed in the application under this solicitation and (2) would cover identical cost items outlined in the budget submitted to OJP as part of the application under this solicitation. The applicant is to disclose applications made directly to federal awarding agencies, and also applications for subawards of federal funds (e.g., applications to State agencies that will subaward (“subgrant”) federal funds).

OJP seeks this information to help avoid any inappropriate duplication of funding. Leveraging multiple funding sources in a complementary manner to implement comprehensive programs or projects is encouraged and is not seen as inappropriate duplication.

Each applicant that has one or more pending applications as described above is to provide the following information about pending applications submitted within the last 12 months:

• The federal or State funding agency • The solicitation name/project name • The point of contact information at the applicable federal or State funding agency

Federal or State Funding Agency
DOJ/Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Health & Human Services/ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Solicitation Name/Phone/Email for Point of Contact at

Name/Project Federal or State Funding Agency

SAMPLE Name
COPS Hiring

Jane Doe, 202/000-0000; jane.doe@usdoj.gov

Program

Drug-Free Communities Mentoring Program/ North County Youth Mentoring Program

John Doe, 202/000-0000; john.doe@hhs.gov

Each applicant should include the table as a separate attachment to its application. The file should be named “Disclosure of Pending Applications.” The applicant Legal Name on the application must match the entity named on the disclosure of pending applications statement.

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Any applicant that does not have any pending applications as described above is to submit, as a separate attachment, a statement to this effect: “[Applicant Name on SF424] does not have (and is not proposed as a subrecipient under) any pending applications submitted within the last 12 months for federally funded grants or cooperative agreements (or for subawards under federal grants or cooperative agreements) that request funding to support the same project being proposed in this application to OJP and that would cover identical cost items outlined in the budget submitted as part of this application.”
(b) Research and Evaluation Independence and Integrity (if applicable) If an application involves research (including research and development) and/or evaluation, the applicant must demonstrate research/evaluation independence and integrity, including appropriate safeguards, before it may receive award funds. The applicant must demonstrate independence and integrity regarding both this proposed research and/or evaluation, and any current or prior related projects.
Each application should include an attachment that addresses both i. and ii. below.
i. For purposes of this solicitation, each applicant is to document research and evaluation independence and integrity by including one of the following two items:
a. A specific assurance that the applicant has reviewed its application to identify any actual or potential apparent conflicts of interest (including through review of pertinent information on the principal investigator, any co-principal investigators, and any subrecipients), and that the applicant has identified no such conflicts of interest—whether personal or financial or organizational (including on the part of the applicant entity or on the part of staff, investigators, or subrecipients)—that could affect the independence or integrity of the research, including the design, conduct, and reporting of the research.
OR
b. A specific description of actual or potential apparent conflicts of interest that the applicant has identified—including through review of pertinent information on the principal investigator, any co-principal investigators, and any subrecipients—that could affect the independence or integrity of the research, including the design, conduct, or reporting of the research. These conflicts may be personal (e.g., on the part of investigators or other staff), financial, or organizational (related to the applicant or any subrecipient entity). Some examples of potential investigator (or other personal) conflict situations are those in which an investigator would be in a position to evaluate a spouse’s work product (actual conflict), or an investigator would be in a position to evaluate the work of a former or current colleague (potential apparent conflict). With regard to potential organizational conflicts of interest, as one example, generally an organization would not be given an award to evaluate a project, if that organization had itself provided substantial prior technical assistance to that specific project or a location implementing the project (whether funded by OJP or other sources), because the organization in such an
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instance might appear to be evaluating the effectiveness of its own prior work. The key is whether a reasonable person understanding all of the facts would be able to have confidence that the results of any research or evaluation project are objective and reliable. Any outside personal or financial interest that casts doubt on that objectivity and reliability of an evaluation or research product is a problem and must be disclosed.
ii. In addition, for purposes of this solicitation, each applicant is to address possible mitigation of research integrity concerns by including, at a minimum, one of the following two items:
a. If an applicant reasonably believes that no actual or potential apparent conflicts of interest (personal, financial, or organizational) exist, then the applicant should provide a brief narrative explanation of how and why it reached that conclusion. The applicant also is to include an explanation of the specific processes and procedures that the applicant has in place, or will put in place, to identify and prevent (or, at the very least, mitigate) any such conflicts of interest pertinent to the funded project during the period of performance. Documentation that may be helpful in this regard may include organizational codes of ethics/conduct and policies regarding organizational, personal, and financial conflicts of interest. There is no guarantee that the plan, if any, will be accepted as proposed.
OR
b. If the applicant has identified actual or potential apparent conflicts of interest (personal, financial, or organizational) that could affect the independence and integrity of the research, including the design, conduct, or reporting of the research, the applicant is to provide a specific and robust mitigation plan to address each of those conflicts. At a minimum, the applicant is expected to explain the specific processes and procedures that the applicant has in place, or will put in place, to identify and eliminate (or, at the very least, mitigate) any such conflicts of interest pertinent to the funded project during the period of performance. Documentation that may be helpful in this regard may include organizational codes of ethics/conduct and policies regarding organizational, personal, and financial conflicts of interest. There is no guarantee that the plan, if any, will be accepted as proposed.
OJP will assess research and evaluation independence and integrity based on considerations such as the adequacy of the applicant’s efforts to identify factors that could affect the objectivity or integrity of the proposed staff and/or the applicant entity (and any subrecipients) in carrying out the research, development, or evaluation activity; and the adequacy of the applicant’s existing or proposed remedies to control any such factors.
(c) Local Governing Body Review Applicants must submit information via the Certification and Assurances by the Chief Executive (See Appendix I) which documents that the JAG application was made available for review by the governing body of the unit of local government, or to an organization designated by that governing body, for a period that was not less than 30
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days before the application was submitted to BJA. The same Chief Executive Certification will also specify that an opportunity to comment on this application was provided to citizens prior to the application submission to the extent applicable law or established procedures make such opportunity available. In the past, this has been accomplished via submission of specific review dates; now OJP will only accept a chief executive’s certification to attest to these facts. Units of local government may continue to submit actual dates of review should they wish to do so, in addition to the submission of the Chief Executive Certification.
How to Apply An applicant must submit its application through the Grants Management System (GMS), which provides support for the application, award, and management of awards at OJP. Each applicant entity must register in GMS for each specific funding opportunity. Although the registration and submission deadlines are the same, OJP urges each applicant entity to register promptly, especially if this is the first time the applicant is using the system. Find complete instructions on how to register and submit an application in GMS at www.ojp.gov/gmscbt/. An applicant that experiences technical difficulties during this process should email GMS.HelpDesk@usdoj.gov or call 888–549–9901 (option 3), 24 hours every day, including during federal holidays. OJP recommends that each applicant register promptly to prevent delays in submitting an application package by the deadline.
Note on File Types: GMS does not accept executable file types as application attachments. These disallowed file types include, but are not limited to, the following extensions: “.com,” “.bat,” “.exe,” “.vbs,” “.cfg,” “.dat,” “.db,” “.dbf,” “.dll,” “.ini,” “.log,” “.ora,” “.sys,” and “.zip.”
Every applicant entity must comply with all applicable System for Award Management (SAM) and unique entity identifier (currently, a Data Universal Numbering System [DUNS] number) requirements. If an applicant entity has not fully complied with applicable SAM and unique identifier requirements by the time OJP makes award decisions, OJP may determine that the applicant is not qualified to receive an award and may use that determination as a basis for making the award to a different applicant.
All applicants should complete the following steps:
1. Acquire a unique entity identifier (DUNS number). In general, the Office of Management and Budget requires every applicant for a federal award (other than an individual) to include a “unique entity identifier” in each application, including an application for a supplemental award. Currently, a DUNS number is the required unique entity identifier.
A DUNS number is a unique nine-digit identification number provided by the commercial company Dun and Bradstreet. This unique entity identifier is used for tracking purposes, and to validate address and point of contact information for applicants, recipients, and subrecipients. It will be used throughout the life cycle of an OJP award. Obtaining a DUNS number is a free, one-time activity. Call Dun and Bradstreet at 866–705–5711 to obtain a DUNS number or apply online at www.dnb.com. A DUNS number is usually received within 1–2 business days.
2. Acquire registration with the SAM. SAM is the repository for certain standard information about federal financial assistance applicants, recipients, and subrecipients. All applicants for OJP awards (other than individuals) must maintain current registrations in the SAM database.
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Each applicant must update or renew its SAM registration at least annually to maintain an active status. SAM registration and renewal can take as long as 10 business days to complete.
Information about SAM registration procedures can be accessed at https://www.sam.gov/.
3. Acquire a GMS username and password. New users must create a GMS profile by selecting the “First Time User” link under the sign-in box of the GMS home page. For more information on how to register in GMS, go to www.ojp.gov/gmscbt. Previously registered applicants should ensure, prior to applying, that the user profile information is up-to-date in GMS (including, but not limited to, address, legal name of agency and authorized representative) as this information is populated in any new application.
4. Verify the SAM (formerly CCR) registration in GMS. OJP requires each applicant to verify its SAM registration in GMS. Once logged into GMS, click the “CCR Claim” link on the left side of the default screen. Click the submit button to verify the SAM (formerly CCR) registration.
5. Search for the funding opportunity on GMS. After logging into GMS or completing the GMS profile for username and password, go to the “Funding Opportunities” link on the left side of the page. Select BJA and FY 17 Edward Byrne Memorial Local Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program.
6. Register by selecting the “Apply Online” button associated with the funding opportunity title. The search results from step 5 will display the “funding opportunity” (solicitation) title along with the registration and application deadlines for this solicitation. Select the “Apply Online” button in the “Action” column to register for this solicitation and create an application in the system.
7. Follow the directions in GMS to submit an application consistent with this solicitation. Once the application is submitted, GMS will display a confirmation screen stating the submission was successful. Important: In some instances, applicants must wait for GMS approval before submitting an application. OJP urges each applicant to submit its application at least 72 hours prior to the application due date.
Note: Application Versions If an applicant submits multiple versions of the same application, OJP will review only the most recent system-validated version submitted.
Experiencing Unforeseen GMS Technical Issues An applicant that experiences unforeseen GMS technical issues beyond its control that prevent it from submitting its application by the deadline may contact the GMS Help Desk or the SAM Help Desk (Federal Service Desk) to report the technical issue and receive a tracking number. The applicant is expected to email the NCJRS Response Center identified in the Contact Information section on the title page within 24 hours after the application deadline to request approval to submit its application after the deadline. The applicant’s email must describe the technical difficulties, and must include a timeline of the applicant’s submission efforts, the complete grant application, the applicant’s DUNS number, and any GMS Help Desk or SAM tracking number(s).
Note: OJP does not automatically approve requests to submit a late application. After OJP reviews the applicant’s request, and contacts the GMS Help Desk to verify the reported technical issues, OJP will inform the applicant whether the request to submit a late application
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has been approved or denied. If OJP determines that the untimely application submission was due to the applicant’s failure to follow all required procedures, OJP will deny the applicant’s request to submit its application.
The following conditions generally are insufficient to justify late submissions to OJP solicitations:
• Failure to register in SAM or GMS in sufficient time (SAM registration and renewal can take as long as 10 business days to complete.)
• Failure to follow GMS instructions on how to register and apply as posted on the GMS website
• Failure to follow each instruction in the OJP solicitation • Technical issues with the applicant’s computer or information technology environment
such as issues with firewalls
E. Application Review Information
Review Process OJP is committed to ensuring a fair and open process for making awards. BJA reviews the application to make sure that the information presented is reasonable, understandable, measurable, and achievable, as well as consistent with the solicitation. BJA will also review applications to help ensure that JAG program-statute requirements have been met.
Pursuant to the (DOJ) Part 200 Uniform Requirements, before awards are made, OJP also reviews information related to the degree of risk posed by applicants. Among other things, to help assess whether an applicant that has one or more prior federal awards has a satisfactory record with respect to performance, integrity, and business ethics, OJP checks whether the applicant is listed in SAM as excluded from receiving a federal award. In addition, if OJP anticipates that an award will exceed $150,000 in federal funds, OJP also must review and consider any information about the applicant that appears in the non-public segment of the integrity and performance system accessible through SAM (currently, the Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity Information System; “FAPIIS”).
Important note on FAPIIS: An applicant, at its option, may review and comment on any information about itself that currently appears in FAPIIS and was entered by a federal awarding agency. OJP will consider any such comments by the applicant, in addition to the other information in FAPIIS, in its assessment of the risk posed by the applicant.
The evaluation of risks goes beyond information in SAM, however. OJP itself has in place a framework for evaluating risks posed by applicants. OJP takes into account information pertinent to matters such as—
1. Applicant financial stability and fiscal integrity 2. Quality of the management systems of the applicant, and the applicant’s ability to meet
prescribed management standards, including those outlined in the DOJ Grants Financial Guide 3. Applicant’s history of performance under OJP and other DOJ awards (including compliance with reporting requirements and award conditions), as well as awards from other federal agencies
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4. Reports and findings from audits of the applicant, including audits under the (DOJ) Part 200 Uniform Requirements
5. Applicant's ability to comply with statutory and regulatory requirements, and to effectively implement other award requirements
Absent explicit statutory authorization or written delegation of authority to the contrary, the Assistant Attorney General will make all final award decisions.
F. Federal Award Administration Information
Federal Award Notices OJP expects to issue award notifications by September 30, 2017. OJP sends award notifications by email through GMS to the individuals listed in the application as the point of contact and the authorizing official. The email notification includes detailed instructions on how to access and view the award documents, and steps to take in GMS to start the award acceptance process. GMS automatically issues the notifications at 9:00 p.m. eastern time on the award date.
NOTE: In order validly to accept an award under the FY 2017 JAG Program, a unit of local government (other than an Indian tribal government) must submit to GMS the certification by its chief legal officer regarding compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, executed using the form that appears in Appendix II. (The form also may be downloaded at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/SampleCertifications-8USC1373.htm.) Unless the executed certification either (1) is submitted to OJP together with the signed award document or (2) is uploaded in GMS no later than the day the signed award document is submitted, OJP will reject as invalid any submission by a unit of local government (other than an Indian tribal government) that purports to accept an award under this solicitation.
Rejection of an initial submission as an invalid award acceptance is not a denial of the award. Consistent with award requirements, once the unit of local government does submit the necessary certification regarding 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the unit of local government will be permitted to submit an award document executed by the unit of local government on or after the date of that certification.
Also, in order for a unit of local government applicant validly to accept an award under the FY 2017 JAG Program, an individual with the necessary authority to bind the applicant will be required to log in; execute a set of legal certifications and a set of legal assurances; designate a financial point of contact; thoroughly review the award, including all award conditions; and sign and accept the award. The award acceptance process requires physical signature of the award document by the authorized representative and the scanning of the fully executed award document (along with the required certification regarding 8 U.S.C. § 1373, if not already uploaded in GMS) to OJP.
Statutory and Regulatory Requirements; Award Conditions If selected for funding, in addition to implementing the funded project consistent with the OJPapproved application, the recipient must comply with all award requirements (including all award conditions), as well as all applicable requirements of federal statutes and regulations (including those referred to in assurances and certifications executed as part of the application or in
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connection with award acceptance, and administrative and policy requirements set by statute or regulation).
OJP strongly encourages prospective applicants to review information on post-award legal requirements generally applicable to FY 2017 OJP awards and common OJP award conditions prior to submitting an application.
Applicants should consult the “Overview of Legal Requirements Generally Applicable to OJP Grants and Cooperative Agreements - FY 2017 Awards,” available in the OJP Funding Resource Center. In addition, applicants should examine the following two legal documents, as each successful applicant must execute both documents in GMS before it may receive any award funds.
• Certifications Regarding Lobbying; Debarment, Suspension and Other Responsibility Matters; and Drug-Free Workplace Requirements
• OJP Certified Standard Assurances (attached to this solicitation as Appendix IV)
The web pages accessible through the “Overview of Legal Requirements Generally Applicable to OJP Grants and Cooperative Agreements - FY 2017 Awards” are intended to give applicants for OJP awards a general overview of important statutes, regulations, and award conditions that apply to many (or in some cases, all) OJP grants and cooperative agreements awarded in FY 2017. Individual OJP awards typically also will include additional award conditions. Those additional conditions may relate to the particular statute, program, or solicitation under which the award is made; to the substance of the funded application; to the recipient's performance under other federal awards; to the recipient's legal status (e.g., as a for-profit entity); or to other pertinent considerations.
Individual FY 2017 JAG awards will include two new express conditions that, with respect to the “program or activity” that would be funded by the FY 2017 award, are designed to ensure that States and units of local government that receive funds from the FY 2017 JAG award: (1) permit personnel of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to access any correctional or detention facility in order to meet with an alien (or an individual believed to be an alien) and inquire as to his or her right to be or remain in the United States and (2) provide at least 48 hours’ advance notice to DHS regarding the scheduled release date and time of an alien in the jurisdiction’s custody when DHS requests such notice in order to take custody of the alien pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act.
Compliance with the requirements of the two foregoing new award conditions will be an authorized and priority purpose of the award. The reasonable costs (to the extent not reimbursed under any other federal program) of developing and putting into place statutes, rules, regulations, policies, or practices as required by these conditions, and to honor any duly authorized requests from DHS that is encompassed by these conditions, will be allowable costs under the award.
General Information about Post-Federal Award Reporting Requirements A unit of local government recipient of an award under this solicitation will be required to submit the following reports and data:
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Required reports. Recipients typically must submit quarterly financial status reports, semiannual progress reports, final financial and progress reports, and, if applicable, an annual audit report in accordance with the (DOJ) Part 200 Uniform Requirements or specific award conditions. Future awards and fund drawdowns may be withheld if reports are delinquent. (In appropriate cases, OJP may require additional reports.)
Awards that exceed $500,000 will include an additional condition that, under specific circumstances, will require the recipient to report (to FAPIIS) information on civil, criminal, and administrative proceedings connected with (or connected to the performance of) either the OJP award or any other grant, cooperative agreement, or procurement contract from the federal government. Additional information on this reporting requirement appears in the text of the award condition posted on the OJP website at: https://ojp.gov/funding/FAPIIS.htm
Data on performance measures. In addition to required reports, each recipient of an award under this solicitation also must provide data that measure the results of the work done under the award. To demonstrate program progress and success, as well as to assist DOJ with fulfilling its responsibilities under GPRA and the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010, OJP will require State recipients to provide accountability metrics data. Accountability metrics data must be submitted through BJA’s Performance Measurement Tool (PMT), available at https://bjapmt.ojp.gov. The accountability measures are available at: https://bjapmt.ojp.gov/help/jagdocs.html. (Note that if a law enforcement agency receives JAG funds from a State, the State must submit quarterly accountability metrics data related to training that officers have received on use of force, racial and ethnic bias, de-escalation of conflict, and constructive engagement with the public.)
OJP may restrict access to award funds if a recipient of an OJP award fails to report required performance measures data in a timely manner.
G. Federal Awarding Agency Contact(s)
For OJP contact(s), see the title page of this solicitation.
For contact information for GMS, see the title page.
H. Other Information
Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. § 552 and 5 U.S.C. § 552a) All applications submitted to OJP (including all attachments to applications) are subject to the federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and to the Privacy Act. By law, DOJ may withhold information that is responsive to a request pursuant to FOIA if DOJ determines that the responsive information either is protected under the Privacy Act or falls within the scope of one of nine statutory exemptions under FOIA. DOJ cannot agree in advance of a request pursuant to FOIA not to release some or all portions of an application.
In its review of records that are responsive to a FOIA request, OJP will withhold information in those records that plainly falls within the scope of the Privacy Act or one of the statutory exemptions under FOIA. (Some examples include certain types of information in budgets, and names and contact information for project staff other than certain key personnel.) In appropriate
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circumstances, OJP will request the views of the applicant/recipient that submitted a responsive document. For example, if OJP receives a request pursuant to FOIA for an application submitted by a nonprofit or for-profit organization or an institution of higher education, or for an application that involves research, OJP typically will contact the applicant/recipient that submitted the application and ask it to identify—quite precisely—any particular information in the application that applicant/recipient believes falls under a FOIA exemption, the specific exemption it believes applies, and why. After considering the submission by the applicant/recipient, OJP makes an independent assessment regarding withholding information. OJP generally follows a similar process for requests pursuant to FOIA for applications that may contain law-enforcement sensitive information. Provide Feedback to OJP To assist OJP in improving its application and award processes, OJP encourages applicants to provide feedback on this solicitation, the application submission process, and/or the application review process. Provide feedback to OJPSolicitationFeedback@usdoj.gov. IMPORTANT: This email is for feedback and suggestions only. OJP does not reply to messages it receives in this mailbox. A prospective applicant that has specific questions on any program or technical aspect of the solicitation must use the appropriate telephone number or email listed on the front of this solicitation document to obtain information. These contacts are provided to help ensure that prospective applicants can directly reach an individual who can address specific questions in a timely manner. If you are interested in being a reviewer for other OJP grant applications, please email your résumé to ojppeerreview@lmsolas.com. (Do not send your résumé to the OJP Solicitation Feedback email account.) Note: Neither you nor anyone else from your organization or entity can be a peer reviewer in a competition in which you or your organization/entity has submitted an application.
32
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Application Checklist

Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program: FY 2017 Local Solicitation

This application checklist has been created as an aid in developing an application.

What an Applicant Should Do:

Prior to Registering in GMS:

_____ Acquire a DUNS Number

(see page 27)

_____ Acquire or renew registration with SAM

(see page 27)

To Register with GMS:

_____ For new users, acquire a GMS username and password*

(see page 27)

_____ For existing users, check GMS username and password* to ensure account access

(see page 27)

_____ Verify SAM registration in GMS

(see page 27)

_____ Search for correct funding opportunity in GMS

(see page 27)

_____ Select correct funding opportunity in GMS

(see page 27)

_____ Register by selecting the “Apply Online” button associated with the funding opportunity

title

(see page 27)

_____ Read OJP policy and guidance on conference approval, planning, and reporting

available at ojp.gov/financialguide/DOJ/PostawardRequirements/chapter3.10a.htm

(see page 14)

_____ If experiencing technical difficulties in GMS, contact the NCJRS Response Center

(see page 2)

*Password Reset Notice – GMS users are reminded that while password reset capabilities exist, this function is only associated with points of contact designated within GMS at the time the account was established. Neither OJP nor the GMS Help Desk will initiate a password reset unless requested by the authorized official or a designated point of contact associated with an award or application.

Overview of Post-Award Legal Requirements:

_____ Review the “Overview of Legal Requirements Generally Applicable to OJP Grants and Cooperative Agreements - FY 2017 Awards” in the OJP Funding Resource Center.

Scope Requirement:

_____ The federal amount requested is within the allowable limit(s) of the FY 2017 JAG Allocations List as listed on BJA’s JAG web page.

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What an Application Should Include:

_____ Application for Federal Assistance (SF-424)

(see page 16)

_____ Project Abstract

(see page 16)

_____ Program Narrative

(see page 17)

_____ Budget Detail Worksheet

(see page 18)

_____ Budget Narrative

(see page 18)

_____ Indirect Cost Rate Agreement (if applicable)

(see page 21)

_____ Tribal Authorizing Resolution (if applicable)

(see page 21)

_____ Financial Management and System of Internal Controls Questionnaire (see page 22)

_____ Disclosure of Lobbying Activities (SF-LLL) (if applicable)

(see page 22)

_____ Certifications and Assurances by Chief Executive

(see page 22)

_____ Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 by Chief Legal Officer (Note: this

requirement does not apply to Indian tribal governments.)

(see page 23)

_____ OJP Certified Standard Assurances

(see page 40)

_____ Additional Attachments

_____ Applicant Disclosure of Pending Applications

(see page 23)

_____ Research and Evaluation Independence and Integrity (if applicable)

(see page 24)

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Appendix I
Certifications and Assurances by the Chief Executive of the Applicant Government
Template for use by chief executive of the “Unit of local government” (e.g., the mayor)
Note: By law, for purposes of the JAG Program, the term “unit of local government ” includes a town, township, village, parish, city, county, borough, or other general purpose political subdivision of a state; or, it may also be a federally recognized Indian tribal government that performs law enforcement functions (as determined by the Secretary of the Interior). A unit of local government may be any law enforcement district or judicial enforcement district established under applicable State law with authority to independently establish a budget and impose taxes; for example, in Louisiana, a unit of local government means a district attorney or parish sheriff.
35
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36
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Appendix II
State or Local Government: Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373
Template for use by the chief legal officer of the “Local Government” (e.g., the General Counsel) (Note: this Certification is not required by Indian tribal
government applicants.) Available for download at: https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/SampleCertifications-8USC1373.htm
37
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Appendix III
8 U.S.C. § 1373 (as in effect on June 21, 2017)
Communication between government agencies and the Immigration and Naturalization Service
(a) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual. (b) Additional authority of government entities Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual: (1) Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with any other Federal, State, or local government entity. (c) Obligation to respond to inquiries The Immigration and Naturalization Service shall respond to an inquiry by a Federal, State, or local government agency, seeking to verify or ascertain the citizenship or immigration status of any individual within the jurisdiction of the agency for any purpose authorized by law, by providing the requested verification or status information.
See also provisions set out at (or referenced in) 8 U.S.C. § 1551 note (“Abolition … and Transfer of Functions”)
39
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Appendix IV
OJP Certified Standard Assurances
40
BJA-2017-11301

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41
BJA-2017-11301

 
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-2 Filed 09/28/17 Page 1 of 3

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY of PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

[PROPOSED] ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
AND NOW, this ___ day of _______________, upon consideration of the Motion for Preliminary Injunction filed by Plaintiff City of Philadelphia (the “City” or “Philadelphia”), Defendant’s opposition thereto, and the arguments of counsel, it is hereby ORDERED that Philadelphia’s Motion is GRANTED.
It is further ORDERED that Defendant Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, the Attorney General of the United States, and his assistants, deputies, agents, designees, and subordinates, as well as any person acting in concert or participation with them, are hereby enjoined from imposing the following conditions on Philadelphia’s application for or receipt of funding under the FY 2017 Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (“Byrne JAG”) Program:
1. The requirement that FY 2017 Byrne JAG recipients have in place an ordinance, rule, regulation, policy, or practice to ensure that local correctional facilities honor requests from the Department of Homeland Security for advance notice of the scheduled release date and time of a particular person; or any other condition that requires that FY 2017 Byrne JAG recipients provide the Department of Homeland 1

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-2 Filed 09/28/17 Page 2 of 3
Security with advance notice of the scheduled release date and time of a particular person. 2. The requirement that FY 2017 Byrne JAG recipients have in place an ordinance, rule, regulation, policy, or practice to ensure that agents of the United States are given access to local correctional facilities for the purpose of permitting such agents to meet with individuals who are (or are believed by such agents to be) aliens and to inquire as to such individuals’ right to be or remain in the United States; or any other condition that requires that FY 2017 Byrne JAG recipients allow agents of the United States access to local correctional facilities for the purpose of inquiring as to an individual’s right to be or remain in the United States. 3. Any requirement that FY 2017 Byrne JAG recipients must certify their compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. The City has demonstrated that it is likely to succeed on the merits of its claims that each of these conditions is unlawful and/or unconstitutional, that the City will suffer irreparable harm absent preliminary relief, that the balance of the equities weighs in favor of an injunction, and that a preliminary injunction would serve the public interest. It is further ORDERED that Defendant and his assistants, deputies, agents, designees, and subordinates, as well as any person acting in concert or participation with them, are enjoined from rejecting Philadelphia’s FY 2017 application for Byrne JAG funding or withholding any FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding from Philadelphia based on Philadelphia’s certification of compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. The City has demonstrated a likelihood of success on its claim that it complies with Section 1373 as lawfully and constitutionally construed.
2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-2 Filed 09/28/17 Page 3 of 3 BY THE COURT: MICHAEL M. BAYLSON, U.S.D.J.
3

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EXHIBIT B

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EXHIBIT D

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U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

Grant

PAGE 1 OF 20

1 RECIPIENT NAME AND ADDRESS (Including Zip Code) County of Greenville 301 University Ridge, Suite 600 Greeville, SC 29601
2a GRANTEE IRS/VENDOR NO
|sfebdufe~
2b GRANTEE DUNS NO
|sfebdufe~
3 PROJECT TITLE Judicial Support and Law Enforcement Enhancements 2017

4 AWARD NUMBER: 2017-DJ-BX-0002

5 PROJECT PERIOD: FROM BUDGET PERIOD: FROM

10/01/2016 TO 09/30/2020 10/01/2016 TO 09/30/2020

6 AWARD DATE 08/23/2017
8 SUPPLEMENT NUMBER 00

7 ACTION Initial

9 PREVIOUS AWARD AMOUNT 10 AMOUNT OF THIS AWARD

$0 $ 163,164

11 TOTAL AWARD

$ 163,164

12 SPECIAL CONDITIONS
THE ABOVE GRANT PROJECT IS APPROVED SUBJECT TO SUCH CONDITIONS OR LIMITATIONS AS ARE SET FORTH ON THE ATTACHED PAGE(S)

13 STATUTORY AUTHORITY FOR GRANT This project is supported under FY17(BJA - JAG State and JAG Local) Title I of Pub L No 90-351 (generally codified at 42 U S C 3711 - 3797ff-5), including subpart 1 of part E (codified at 42 U S C 3750 - 3758); see also 28 U S C 530C(a)
14 CATALOG OF DOMESTIC FEDERAL ASSISTANCE (CFDA Number) 16 738 - Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program
15 METHOD OF PAYMENT GPRS

AGENCY APPROVAL 16 TYPED NAME AND TITLE OF APPROVING OFFICIAL
Alan R Hanson Acting Assistant Attorney General

GRANTEE ACCEPTANCE 18 TYPED NAME AND TITLE OF AUTHORIZED GRANTEE OFFICIAL
Joseph M Kernell County Administrator

17 SIGNATURE OF APPROVING OFFICIAL

19 SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED RECIPIENT OFFICIAL

19A DATE

AGENCY USE ONLY

20 ACCOUNTING CLASSIFICATION CODES

FISCAL FUND BUD

DIV

YEAR CODE ACT OFC REG SUB POMS AMOUNT

21 SDJUGT0339

X

B

DJ

80

00

00

163164

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 5-87) PREVIOUS EDITIONS ARE OBSOLETE OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 3 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 2 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
1. Requirements of the award; remedies for non-compliance or for materially false statements
The conditions of this award are material requirements of the award. Compliance with any certifications or assurances submitted by or on behalf of the recipient that relate to conduct during the period of performance also is a material requirement of this award.
Failure to comply with any one or more of these award requirements -- whether a condition set out in full below, a condition incorporated by reference below, or a certification or assurance related to conduct during the award period -may result in the Office of Justice Programs ("OJP") taking appropriate action with respect to the recipient and the award. Among other things, the OJP may withhold award funds, disallow costs, or suspend or terminate the award. The Department of Justice ("DOJ"), including OJP, also may take other legal action as appropriate.
Any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement to the federal government related to this award (or concealment or omission of a material fact) may be the subject of criminal prosecution (including under 18 U.S.C. 1001 and/or 1621, and/or 42 U.S.C. 3795a), and also may lead to imposition of civil penalties and administrative remedies for false claims or otherwise (including under 31 U.S.C. 3729-3730 and 3801-3812).
Should any provision of a requirement of this award be held to be invalid or unenforceable by its terms, that provision shall first be applied with a limited construction so as to give it the maximum effect permitted by law. Should it be held, instead, that the provision is utterly invalid or -unenforceable, such provision shall be deemed severable from this award.
2. Applicability of Part 200 Uniform Requirements
The Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements in 2 C.F.R. Part 200, as adopted and supplemented by DOJ in 2 C.F.R. Part 2800 (together, the "Part 200 Uniform Requirements") apply to this FY 2017 award from OJP.
The Part 200 Uniform Requirements were first adopted by DOJ on December 26, 2014. If this FY 2017 award supplements funds previously awarded by OJP under the same award number (e.g., funds awarded during or before December 2014), the Part 200 Uniform Requirements apply with respect to all funds under that award number (regardless of the award date, and regardless of whether derived from the initial award or a supplemental award) that are obligated on or after the acceptance date of this FY 2017 award.
For more information and resources on the Part 200 Uniform Requirements as they relate to OJP awards and subawards ("subgrants"), see the OJP website at https://ojp.gov/funding/Part200UniformRequirements htm.
In the event that an award-related question arises from documents or other materials prepared or distributed by OJP that may appear to conflict with, or differ in some way from, the provisions of the Part 200 Uniform Requirements, the recipient is to contact OJP promptly for clarification.
3. Compliance with DOJ Grants Financial Guide
The recipient agrees to comply with the DOJ Grants Financial Guide as posted on the OJP website (currently, the "2015 DOJ Grants Financial Guide" available at https://ojp.gov/financialguide/DOJ/index htm), including any updated version that may be posted during the period of performance.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 4 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 3 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
4. Required training for Point of Contact and all Financial Points of Contact
Both the Point of Contact (POC) and all Financial Points of Contact (FPOCs) for this award must have successfully completed an "OJP financial management and grant administration training" by 120 days after the date of the recipient's acceptance of the award. Successful completion of such a training on or after January 1, 2015, will satisfy this condition.
In the event that either the POC or an FPOC for this award changes during the period of performance, the new POC or FPOC must have successfully completed an "OJP financial management and grant administration training" by 120 calendar days after-- (1) the date of OJP's approval of the "Change Grantee Contact" GAN (in the case of a new POC), or (2) the date the POC enters information on the new FPOC in GMS (in the case of a new FPOC). Successful completion of such a training on or after January 1, 2015, will satisfy this condition.
A list of OJP trainings that OJP will consider "OJP financial management and grant administration training" for purposes of this condition is available at https://www.ojp.gov/training/fmts htm. All trainings that satisfy this condition include a session on grant fraud prevention and detection.
The recipient should anticipate that OJP will immediately withhold ("freeze") award funds if the recipient fails to comply with this condition. The recipient's failure to comply also may lead OJP to impose additional appropriate conditions on this award.
5. Requirements related to "de minimis" indirect cost rate
A recipient that is eligible under the Part 200 Uniform Requirements and other applicable law to use the "de minimis" indirect cost rate described in 2 C.F.R. 200.414(f), and that elects to use the "de minimis" indirect cost rate, must advise OJP in writing of both its eligibility and its election, and must comply with all associated requirements in the Part 200 Uniform Requirements. The "de minimis" rate may be applied only to modified total direct costs (MTDC) as defined by the Part 200 Uniform Requirements.
6. Requirement to report potentially duplicative funding
If the recipient currently has other active awards of federal funds, or if the recipient receives any other award of federal funds during the period of performance for this award, the recipient promptly must determine whether funds from any of those other federal awards have been, are being, or are to be used (in whole or in part) for one or more of the identical cost items for which funds are provided under this award. If so, the recipient must promptly notify the DOJ awarding agency (OJP or OVW, as appropriate) in writing of the potential duplication, and, if so requested by the DOJ awarding agency, must seek a budget-modification or change-of-project-scope grant adjustment notice (GAN) to eliminate any inappropriate duplication of funding.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 5 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 4 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
7. Requirements related to System for Award Management and Universal Identifier Requirements
The recipient must comply with applicable requirements regarding the System for Award Management (SAM), currently accessible at https://www.sam.gov/. This includes applicable requirements regarding registration with SAM, as well as maintaining the currency of information in SAM.
The recipient also must comply with applicable restrictions on subawards ("subgrants") to first-tier subrecipients (first-tier "subgrantees"), including restrictions on subawards to entities that do not acquire and provide (to the recipient) the unique entity identifier required for SAM registration.
The details of the recipient's obligations related to SAM and to unique entity identifiers are posted on the OJP web site at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/SAM htm (Award condition: System for Award Management (SAM) and Universal Identifier Requirements), and are incorporated by reference here.
This condition does not apply to an award to an individual who received the award as a natural person (i.e., unrelated to any business or non-profit organization that he or she may own or operate in his or her name).
8. All subawards ("subgrants") must have specific federal authorization
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable requirements for authorization of any subaward. This condition applies to agreements that -- for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements -- OJP considers a "subaward" (and therefore does not consider a procurement "contract").
The details of the requirement for authorization of any subaward are posted on the OJP web site at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/SubawardAuthorization htm (Award condition: All subawards ("subgrants") must have specific federal authorization), and are incorporated by reference here.
9. Specific post-award approval required to use a noncompetitive approach in any procurement contract that would exceed $150,000
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable requirements to obtain specific advance approval to use a noncompetitive approach in any procurement contract that would exceed the Simplified Acquisition Threshold (currently, $150,000). This condition applies to agreements that -- for purposes of federal grants administrative requirements -- OJP considers a procurement "contract" (and therefore does not consider a subaward).
The details of the requirement for advance approval to use a noncompetitive approach in a procurement contract under an OJP award are posted on the OJP web site at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/NoncompetitiveProcurement htm (Award condition: Specific post-award approval required to use a noncompetitive approach in a procurement contract (if contract would exceed $150,000)), and are incorporated by reference here.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 6 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 5 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS 10. Requirements pertaining to prohibited conduct related to trafficking in persons (including reporting requirements and
OJP authority to terminate award)
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable requirements (including requirements to report allegations) pertaining to prohibited conduct related to the trafficking of persons, whether on the part of recipients, subrecipients ("subgrantees"), or individuals defined (for purposes of this condition) as "employees" of the recipient or of any subrecipient.
The details of the recipient's obligations related to prohibited conduct related to trafficking in persons are posted on the OJP web site at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/ProhibitedConduct-Trafficking htm (Award condition: Prohibited conduct by recipients and subrecipients related to trafficking in persons (including reporting requirements and OJP authority to terminate award)), and are incorporated by reference here.
11. Compliance with applicable rules regarding approval, planning, and reporting of conferences, meetings, trainings, and other events
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable laws, regulations, policies, and official DOJ guidance (including specific cost limits, prior approval and reporting requirements, where applicable) governing the use of federal funds for expenses related to conferences (as that term is defined by DOJ), including the provision of food and/or beverages at such conferences, and costs of attendance at such conferences.
Information on the pertinent DOJ definition of conferences and the rules applicable to this award appears in the DOJ Grants Financial Guide (currently, as section 3.10 of "Postaward Requirements" in the "2015 DOJ Grants Financial Guide").
12. Requirement for data on performance and effectiveness under the award
The recipient must collect and maintain data that measure the performance and effectiveness of work under this award. The data must be provided to OJP in the manner (including within the timeframes) specified by OJP in the program solicitation or other applicable written guidance. Data collection supports compliance with the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010, and other applicable laws.
13. OJP Training Guiding Principles
Any training or training materials that the recipient -- or any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier -- develops or delivers with OJP award funds must adhere to the OJP Training Guiding Principles for Grantees and Subgrantees, available at https://ojp.gov/funding/ojptrainingguidingprinciples htm.
14. Effect of failure to address audit issues
The recipient understands and agrees that the DOJ awarding agency (OJP or OVW, as appropriate) may withhold award funds, or may impose other related requirements, if (as determined by the DOJ awarding agency) the recipient does not satisfactorily and promptly address outstanding issues from audits required by the Part 200 Uniform Requirements (or by the terms of this award), or other outstanding issues that arise in connection with audits, investigations, or reviews of DOJ awards.
15. Potential imposition of additional requirements
The recipient agrees to comply with any additional requirements that may be imposed by the DOJ awarding agency (OJP or OVW, as appropriate) during the period of performance for this award, if the recipient is designated as "highrisk" for purposes of the DOJ high-risk grantee list.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 7 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 6 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
16. Compliance with DOJ regulations pertaining to civil rights and nondiscrimination - 28 C.F.R. Part 42
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable requirements of 28 C.F.R. Part 42, specifically including any applicable requirements in Subpart E of 28 C.F.R. Part 42 that relate to an equal employment opportunity program.
17. Compliance with DOJ regulations pertaining to civil rights and nondiscrimination - 28 C.F.R. Part 54
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable requirements of 28 C.F.R. Part 54, which relates to nondiscrimination on the basis of sex in certain "education programs."
18. Compliance with DOJ regulations pertaining to civil rights and nondiscrimination - 28 C.F.R. Part 38
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable requirements of 28 C.F.R. Part 38, specifically including any applicable requirements regarding written notice to program beneficiaries and prospective program beneficiaries. Part 38 of 28 C.F.R., a DOJ regulation, was amended effective May 4, 2016.
Among other things, 28 C.F.R. Part 38 includes rules that prohibit specific forms of discrimination on the basis of religion, a religious belief, a refusal to hold a religious belief, or refusal to attend or participate in a religious practice. Part 38 also sets out rules and requirements that pertain to recipient and subrecipient ("subgrantee") organizations that engage in or conduct explicitly religious activities, as well as rules and requirements that pertain to recipients and subrecipients that are faith-based or religious organizations.
The text of the regulation, now entitled "Partnerships with Faith-Based and Other Neighborhood Organizations," is available via the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (currently accessible at https://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/ECFR?page=browse), by browsing to Title 28-Judicial Administration, Chapter 1, Part 38, under e-CFR "current" data.
19. Restrictions on "lobbying"
In general, as a matter of federal law, federal funds awarded by OJP may not be used by the recipient, or any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, either directly or indirectly, to support or oppose the enactment, repeal, modification, or adoption of any law, regulation, or policy, at any level of government. See 18 U.S.C. 1913. (There may be exceptions if an applicable federal statute specifically authorizes certain activities that otherwise would be barred by law.)
Another federal law generally prohibits federal funds awarded by OJP from being used by the recipient, or any subrecipient at any tier, to pay any person to influence (or attempt to influence) a federal agency, a Member of Congress, or Congress (or an official or employee of any of them) with respect to the awarding of a federal grant or cooperative agreement, subgrant, contract, subcontract, or loan, or with respect to actions such as renewing, extending, or modifying any such award. See 31 U.S.C. 1352. Certain exceptions to this law apply, including an exception that applies to Indian tribes and tribal organizations.
Should any question arise as to whether a particular use of federal funds by a recipient (or subrecipient) would or might fall within the scope of these prohibitions, the recipient is to contact OJP for guidance, and may not proceed without the express prior written approval of OJP.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 8 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 7 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
20. Compliance with general appropriations-law restrictions on the use of federal funds (FY 2017)
The recipient, and any subrecipient ("subgrantee") at any tier, must comply with all applicable restrictions on the use of federal funds set out in federal appropriations statutes. Pertinent restrictions, including from various "general provisions" in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, are set out at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/FY17AppropriationsRestrictions htm, and are incorporated by reference here.
Should a question arise as to whether a particular use of federal funds by a recipient (or a subrecipient) would or might fall within the scope of an appropriations-law restriction, the recipient is to contact OJP for guidance, and may not proceed without the express prior written approval of OJP.
21. Reporting potential fraud, waste, and abuse, and similar misconduct
The recipient, and any subrecipients ("subgrantees") at any tier, must promptly refer to the DOJ Office of the Inspector General (OIG) any credible evidence that a principal, employee, agent, subrecipient, contractor, subcontractor, or other person has, in connection with funds under this award-- (1) submitted a claim that violates the False Claims Act; or (2) committed a criminal or civil violation of laws pertaining to fraud, conflict of interest, bribery, gratuity, or similar misconduct.
Potential fraud, waste, abuse, or misconduct involving or relating to funds under this award should be reported to the OIG by-- (1) mail directed to: Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Justice, Investigations Division, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Room 4706, Washington, DC 20530; (2) e-mail to: oig hotline@usdoj.gov; and/or (3) the DOJ OIG hotline: (contact information in English and Spanish) at (800) 869-4499 (phone) or (202) 616-9881 (fax).
Additional information is available from the DOJ OIG website at https://www.usdoj.gov/oig.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 9 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 8 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
22. Restrictions and certifications regarding non-disclosure agreements and related matters
No recipient or subrecipient ("subgrantee") under this award, or entity that receives a procurement contract or subcontract with any funds under this award, may require any employee or contractor to sign an internal confidentiality agreement or statement that prohibits or otherwise restricts, or purports to prohibit or restrict, the reporting (in accordance with law) of waste, fraud, or abuse to an investigative or law enforcement representative of a federal department or agency authorized to receive such information.
The foregoing is not intended, and shall not be understood by the agency making this award, to contravene requirements applicable to Standard Form 312 (which relates to classified information), Form 4414 (which relates to sensitive compartmented information), or any other form issued by a federal department or agency governing the nondisclosure of classified information.
1. In accepting this award, the recipient--
a. represents that it neither requires nor has required internal confidentiality agreements or statements from employees or contractors that currently prohibit or otherwise currently restrict (or purport to prohibit or restrict) employees or contractors from reporting waste, fraud, or abuse as described above; and
b. certifies that, if it learns or is notified that it is or has been requiring its employees or contractors to execute agreements or statements that prohibit or otherwise restrict (or purport to prohibit or restrict), reporting of waste, fraud, or abuse as described above, it will immediately stop any further obligations of award funds, will provide prompt written notification to the federal agency making this award, and will resume (or permit resumption of) such obligations only if expressly authorized to do so by that agency.
2. If the recipient does or is authorized under this award to make subawards ("subgrants"), procurement contracts, or both--
a. it represents that--
(1) it has determined that no other entity that the recipient's application proposes may or will receive award funds (whether through a subaward ("subgrant"), procurement contract, or subcontract under a procurement contract) either requires or has required internal confidentiality agreements or statements from employees or contractors that currently prohibit or otherwise currently restrict (or purport to prohibit or restrict) employees or contractors from reporting waste, fraud, or abuse as described above; and
(2) it has made appropriate inquiry, or otherwise has an adequate factual basis, to support this representation; and
b. it certifies that, if it learns or is notified that any subrecipient, contractor, or subcontractor entity that receives funds under this award is or has been requiring its employees or contractors to execute agreements or statements that prohibit or otherwise restrict (or purport to prohibit or restrict), reporting of waste, fraud, or abuse as described above, it will immediately stop any further obligations of award funds to or by that entity, will provide prompt written notification to the federal agency making this award, and will resume (or permit resumption of) such obligations only if expressly authorized to do so by that agency.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 10 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 9 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
23. Compliance with 41 U.S.C. 4712 (including prohibitions on reprisal; notice to employees)
The recipient (and any subrecipient at any tier) must comply with, and is subject to, all applicable provisions of 41 U.S.C. 4712, including all applicable provisions that prohibit, under specified circumstances, discrimination against an employee as reprisal for the employee's disclosure of information related to gross mismanagement of a federal grant, a gross waste of federal funds, an abuse of authority relating to a federal grant, a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, or a violation of law, rule, or regulation related to a federal grant.
The recipient also must inform its employees, in writing (and in the predominant native language of the workforce), of employee rights and remedies under 41 U.S.C. 4712.
Should a question arise as to the applicability of the provisions of 41 U.S.C. 4712 to this award, the recipient is to contact the DOJ awarding agency (OJP or OVW, as appropriate) for guidance.
24. Encouragement of policies to ban text messaging while driving
Pursuant to Executive Order 13513, "Federal Leadership on Reducing Text Messaging While Driving," 74 Fed. Reg. 51225 (October 1, 2009), DOJ encourages recipients and subrecipients ("subgrantees") to adopt and enforce policies banning employees from text messaging while driving any vehicle during the course of performing work funded by this award, and to establish workplace safety policies and conduct education, awareness, and other outreach to decrease crashes caused by distracted drivers.
25. Cooperating with OJP Monitoring
The recipient agrees to cooperate with OJP monitoring of this award pursuant to OJP's guidelines, protocols, and procedures, and to cooperate with OJP (including the grant manager for this award and the Office of Chief Financial Officer (OCFO)) requests related to such monitoring, including requests related to desk reviews and/or site visits. The recipient agrees to provide to OJP all documentation necessary for OJP to complete its monitoring tasks, including documentation related to any subawards made under this award. Further, the recipient agrees to abide by reasonable deadlines set by OJP for providing the requested documents. Failure to cooperate with OJP's monitoring activities may result in actions that affect the recipient's DOJ awards, including, but not limited to: withholdings and/or other restrictions on the recipient's access to award funds; referral to the DOJ OIG for audit review; designation of the recipient as a DOJ High Risk grantee; or termination of an award(s).
26. FFATA reporting: Subawards and executive compensation
The recipient must comply with applicable requirements to report first-tier subawards ("subgrants") of $25,000 or more and, in certain circumstances, to report the names and total compensation of the five most highly compensated executives of the recipient and first-tier subrecipients (first-tier "subgrantees") of award funds. The details of recipient obligations, which derive from the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (FFATA), are posted on the OJP web site at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/FFATA htm (Award condition: Reporting Subawards and Executive Compensation), and are incorporated by reference here.
This condition, including its reporting requirement, does not apply to-- (1) an award of less than $25,000, or (2) an award made to an individual who received the award as a natural person (i.e., unrelated to any business or non-profit organization that he or she may own or operate in his or her name).

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 11 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 10 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

27. Use of program income

SPECIAL CONDITIONS

Program income (as defined in the Part 200 Uniform Requirements) must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Part 200 Uniform Requirements. Program income earnings and expenditures both must be reported on the quarterly Federal Financial Report, SF 425.

28. Justice Information Sharing
In order to promote information sharing and enable interoperability among disparate systems across the justice and public safety community, the recipient (and any subrecipient at any tier) must comply with DOJ's Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (DOJ's Global) guidelines and recommendations for this particular award. The recipient shall conform to the Global Standards Package (GSP) and all constituent elements, where applicable, as described at: https://it.ojp.gov/gsp_grantcondition. The recipient shall document planned approaches to information sharing and describe compliance to the GSP and appropriate privacy policy that protects shared information, or provide detailed justification for why an alternative approach is recommended.

29. Avoidance of duplication of networks
To avoid duplicating existing networks or IT systems in any initiatives funded by BJA for law enforcement information sharing systems which involve interstate connectivity between jurisdictions, such systems shall employ, to the extent possible, existing networks as the communication backbone to achieve interstate connectivity, unless the recipient can demonstrate to the satisfaction of BJA that this requirement would not be cost effective or would impair the functionality of an existing or proposed IT system.

30. Compliance with 28 C.F.R. Part 23
With respect to any information technology system funded or supported by funds under this award, the recipient (and any subrecipient at any tier) must comply with 28 C.F.R. Part 23, Criminal Intelligence Systems Operating Policies, if OJP determines this regulation to be applicable. Should OJP determine 28 C.F.R. Part 23 to be applicable, OJP may, at its discretion, perform audits of the system, as per the regulation. Should any violation of 28 C.F.R. Part 23 occur, the recipient may be fined as per 42 U.S.C. 3789g(c)-(d). The recipient may not satisfy such a fine with federal funds.

31. Protection of human research subjects
The recipient (and any subrecipient at any tier) must comply with the requirements of 28 C.F.R. Part 46 and all OJP policies and procedures regarding the protection of human research subjects, including obtainment of Institutional Review Board approval, if appropriate, and subject informed consent.

32. Confidentiality of data
The recipient (and any subrecipient at any tier) must comply with all confidentiality requirements of 42 U.S.C. 3789g and 28 C.F.R. Part 22 that are applicable to collection, use, and revelation of data or information. The recipient further agrees, as a condition of award approval, to submit a Privacy Certificate that is in accord with requirements of 28 C.F.R. Part 22 and, in particular, 28 C.F.R. 22.23.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 12 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 11 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS 33. Verification and updating of recipient contact information
The recipient must verify its Point of Contact(POC), Financial Point of Contact (FPOC), and Authorized Representative contact information in GMS, including telephone number and e-mail address. If any information is incorrect or has changed, a Grant Adjustment Notice (GAN) must be submitted via the Grants Management System (GMS) to document changes.
34. Law enforcement task forces - required training
Within 120 days of award acceptance, each current member of a law enforcement task force funded with award funds who is a task force commander, agency executive, task force officer, or other task force member of equivalent rank, must complete required online (internet-based) task force training. Additionally, all future task force members must complete this training once during the period of performance for this award, or once every four years if multiple OJP awards include this requirement.
The required training is available free of charge online through the BJA-funded Center for Task Force Integrity and Leadership (www.ctfli.org). The training addresses task force effectiveness, as well as other key issues including privacy and civil liberties/rights, task force performance measurement, personnel selection, and task force oversight and accountability. If award funds are used to support a task force, the recipient must compile and maintain a task force personnel roster, along with course completion certificates.
Additional information regarding the training is available through BJA's web site and the Center for Task Force Integrity and Leadership (www.ctfli.org).
35. Required attendance at BJA-sponsored events
The recipient (and its subrecipients at any tier) must participate in BJA-sponsored training events, technical assistance events, or conferences held by BJA or its designees, upon BJA's request.
36. Justification of consultant rate
Approval of this award does not indicate approval of any consultant rate in excess of $650 per day. A detailed justification must be submitted to and approved by the OJP program office prior to obligation or expenditure of such funds.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 13 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 12 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
37. Compliance with National Environmental Policy Act and related statutes
Upon request, the recipient (and any subrecipient at any tier) must assist BJA in complying with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the National Historic Preservation Act, and other related federal environmental impact analyses requirements in the use of these award funds, either directly by the recipient or by a subrecipient. Accordingly, the recipient agrees to first determine if any of the following activities will be funded by the grant, prior to obligating funds for any of these purposes. If it is determined that any of the following activities will be funded by the award, the recipient agrees to contact BJA.
The recipient understands that this condition applies to new activities as set out below, whether or not they are being specifically funded with these award funds. That is, as long as the activity is being conducted by the recipient, a subrecipient, or any third party, and the activity needs to be undertaken in order to use these award funds, this condition must first be met. The activities covered by this condition are:
a. New construction;
b. Minor renovation or remodeling of a property located in an environmentally or historically sensitive area, including properties located within a 100-year flood plain, a wetland, or habitat for endangered species, or a property listed on or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places;
c. A renovation, lease, or any proposed use of a building or facility that will either (a) result in a change in its basic prior use or (b) significantly change its size;
d. Implementation of a new program involving the use of chemicals other than chemicals that are (a) purchased as an incidental component of a funded activity and (b) traditionally used, for example, in office, household, recreational, or education environments; and
e. Implementation of a program relating to clandestine methamphetamine laboratory operations, including the identification, seizure, or closure of clandestine methamphetamine laboratories.
The recipient understands and agrees that complying with NEPA may require the preparation of an Environmental Assessment and/or an Environmental Impact Statement, as directed by BJA. The recipient further understands and agrees to the requirements for implementation of a Mitigation Plan, as detailed at https://bja.gov/Funding/nepa html, for programs relating to methamphetamine laboratory operations.
Application of This Condition to Recipient's Existing Programs or Activities: For any of the recipient's or its subrecipients' existing programs or activities that will be funded by these award funds, the recipient, upon specific request from BJA, agrees to cooperate with BJA in any preparation by BJA of a national or program environmental assessment of that funded program or activity.
38. Establishment of trust fund
If award funds are being drawn down in advance, the recipient (or a subrecipient, with respect to a subaward) is required to establish a trust fund account. (The trust fund may or may not be an interest-bearing account.) The fund, including any interest, may not be used to pay debts or expenses incurred by other activities beyond the scope of the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program (JAG). The recipient also agrees to obligate the award funds in the trust fund (including any interest earned) during the period of performance for the award and expend within 90 days thereafter. Any unobligated or unexpended funds, including interest earned, must be returned to OJP at the time of closeout.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 14 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 13 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS 39. Prohibition on use of award funds for match under BVP program
JAG funds may be used to purchase vests for an agency, but they may not be used as the 50% match for purposes of the DOJ Bulletproof Vest Partnership (BVP) program.
40. Certification of body armor "mandatory wear" policies
The recipient agrees to submit a signed certification that all law enforcement agencies receiving body armor purchased with funds from this award have a written "mandatory wear" policy in effect. The recipient must keep signed certifications on file for any subrecipients planning to utilize funds from this award for ballistic-resistant and stabresistant body armor purchases. This policy must be in place for at least all uniformed officers before any funds from this award may be used by an agency for body armor. There are no requirements regarding the nature of the policy other than it be a mandatory wear policy for all uniformed officers while on duty.
41. Body armor - compliance with NIJ standards
Ballistic-resistant and stab-resistant body armor purchased with JAG award funds may be purchased at any threat level, make or model, from any distributor or manufacturer, as long as the body armor has been tested and found to comply with applicable National Institute of Justice ballistic or stab standards and is listed on the NIJ Compliant Body Armor Model List (https://nij.gov/). In addition, ballistic-resistant and stab-resistant body armor purchased must be American-made. The latest NIJ standard information can be found here: https://nij.gov/topics/technology/bodyarmor/pages/safety-initiative.aspx.
42. Required monitoring of subawards
The recipient must monitor subawards under this JAG award in accordance with all applicable statutes, regulations, award conditions, and the DOJ Grants Financial Guide, and must include the applicable conditions of this award in any subaward. Among other things, the recipient is responsible for oversight of subrecipient spending and monitoring of specific outcomes and benefits attributable to use of award funds by subrecipients. The recipient agrees to submit, upon request, documentation of its policies and procedures for monitoring of subawards under this award.
43. Reporting requirements
The recipient must submit quarterly Federal Financial Reports (SF-425) and semi-annual performance reports through OJP's GMS (https://grants.ojp.usdoj.gov). Consistent with the Department's responsibilities under the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010, the recipient must provide data that measure the results of its work. The recipient must submit quarterly performance metrics reports through BJA's Performance Measurement Tool (PMT) website (www.bjaperformancetools.org). For more detailed information on reporting and other JAG requirements, refer to the JAG reporting requirements webpage. Failure to submit required JAG reports by established deadlines may result in the freezing of grant funds and future High Risk designation.
44. Required data on law enforcement agency training
Any law enforcement agency receiving direct or sub-awarded funding from this JAG award must submit quarterly accountability metrics data related to training that officers have received on the use of force, racial and ethnic bias, deescalation of conflict, and constructive engagement with the public.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 15 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 14 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

45. Prohibited Expenditures List

SPECIAL CONDITIONS

Award funds may not be used for items that are listed on the Prohibited Expenditure List at the time of purchase or acquisition, including as the list may be amended from time to time. The Prohibited Expenditure List may be accessed here: https://www.bja.gov/funding/JAGControlledPurchaseList.pdf

46. Controlled expenditures - prior written approval required
Award funds may not be used for items that are listed on the Controlled Expenditure List at the time of purchase or acquisition, including as the list may be amended from time to time, without explicit written prior approval from BJA. The Controlled Expenditure List, and instructions on how to request approval for purchase or acquisitions are set out at https://www.bja.gov/funding/JAGControlledPurchaseList.pdf

47. Controlled expenditures - incident reporting
If an agency uses award funds to purchase or acquire any item on the Controlled Expenditure List at the time of purchase or acquisition, including as the list may be amended from time to time, the agency must collect and retain (for at least 3 years) certain information about the use of-- (1) any federally-acquired Controlled Equipment in the agency's inventory, and (2) any other controlled equipment in the same category as the federally-acquired controlled equipment in the agency's inventory, regardless of source; and the agency must make that information available to BJA upon request. Details about what information must be collected and retained are set out at https://ojp.gov/docs/LEEquipment-WG-Final-Report.pdf.

48. Sale of items on Controlled Expenditure List
Notwithstanding the provision of the Part 200 Uniform Requirements set out at 2 C.F.R. 200.313, no equipment listed on the Controlled Expenditure List that is purchased with award funds may be transferred or sold to a third party, except as described below:
a. Agencies may transfer or sell any controlled equipment, except riot helmets and riot shields, to a Law Enforcement Agency (LEA) after obtaining prior written approval from BJA. As a condition of that approval, the acquiring LEA will be required to submit information and certifications to BJA as if it were requesting approval to use award funds for the initial purchase of items on the Controlled Expenditure List.
b. Agencies may not transfer or sell any riot helmets or riot shields purchased under this award.
c. Agencies may not transfer or sell any Controlled Equipment purchased under this award to non-LEAs, with the exception of fixed wing aircraft, rotary wing aircraft, and command and control vehicles. Before any such transfer or sale is finalized, the agency must obtain prior written approval from BJA. All law enforcement-related and other sensitive or potentially dangerous components, and all law enforcement insignias and identifying markings must be removed prior to transfer or sale.
The recipient must notify BJA prior to the disposal of any items on the Controlled Expenditure List purchased with award funds, and must abide by any applicable laws (including regulations) in such disposal.

49. Prohibited or controlled expenditures - Effect of failure to comply
Failure to comply with an award condition related to prohibited or controlled expenditures may result in denial of any further approvals of controlled expenditures under this or other federal awards.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 16 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 15 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
50. Controlled expenditures - Standards
Consistent with recommendation 2.1 of Executive Order 13688, a law enforcement agency that acquires controlled equipment with award funds must adopt robust and specific written policies and protocols governing General Policing Standards and Specific Controlled Equipment Standards. General Policing Standards includes policies on (a) Community Policing; (b) Constitutional Policing; and (c) Community Input and Impact Considerations. Specific Controlled Equipment Standards includes policies specifically related to (a) Appropriate Use of Controlled Equipment; (b) Supervision of Use; (c) Effectiveness Evaluation; (d) Auditing and Accountability; and (e) Transparency and Notice Considerations. Upon OJP's request, the recipient must provide a copy of the General Policing Standards and Specific Controlled Equipment Standards, and any related policies and protocols.
51. Authorization to obligate (federal) award funds to reimburse certain project costs incurred on or after October 1, 2016
The recipient may obligate (federal) award funds only after the recipient makes a valid acceptance of the award. As of the first day of the period of performance for the award (October 1, 2016), however, the recipient may choose to incur project costs using non-federal funds, but any such project costs are incurred at the recipient's risk until, at a minimum-- (1) the recipient makes a valid acceptance of the award, and (2) all applicable withholding conditions are removed by OJP (via a Grant Adjustment Notice). (A withholding condition is a condition in the award document that precludes the recipient from obligating, expending, or drawing down all or a portion of the award funds until the condition is removed.)
Except to the extent (if any) that an award condition expressly precludes reimbursement of project costs incurred "atrisk," if and when the recipient makes a valid acceptance of this award and OJP removes each applicable withholding condition through a Grant Adjustment Notice, the recipient is authorized to obligate (federal) award funds to reimburse itself for project costs incurred "at-risk" earlier during the period of performance (such as project costs incurred prior to award acceptance or prior to removal of an applicable withholding condition), provided that those project costs otherwise are allowable costs under the award.
Nothing in this condition shall be understood to authorize the recipient (or any subrecipient at any tier) to use award funds to "supplant" State or local funds in violation of the recipient's certification (executed by the chief executive of the State or local government) that federal funds will be used to increase the amounts of such funds that would, in the absence of federal funds, be made available for law enforcement activities.
52. "Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373" required for valid award acceptance by a unit of local government
In order validly to accept this award, the applicant local government must submit the required "Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373" (executed by the chief legal officer of the local government). Unless that executed certification either-- (1) is submitted to OJP together with the fully-executed award document, or (2) is uploaded in OJP's GMS no later than the day the signed award document is submitted to OJP, any submission by a unit of local government that purports to accept the award is invalid.
If an initial award-acceptance submission by the recipient is invalid, once the unit of local government does submit the necessary certification regarding 8 U.S.C. 1373, it may submit a fully-executed award document executed by the unit of local government on or after the date of that certification.
For purposes of this condition, "local government" does not include any Indian tribes.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 17 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 16 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
53. Ongoing compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373 is required
1. With respect to the "program or activity" funded in whole or part under this award (including any such "program or activity" of any subrecipient at any tier), throughout the period of performance for the award, no State or local government entity, -agency, or -official may prohibit or in any way restrict-- (1) any government entity or -official from sending or receiving information regarding citizenship or immigration status as described in 8 U.S.C. 1373(a); or (2) a government entity or -agency from sending, requesting or receiving, maintaining, or exchanging information regarding immigration status as described in 8 U.S.C. 1373(b). For purposes of this award, any prohibition (or restriction) that violates this condition is an "information-communication restriction."
2. Certifications from subrecipients. The recipient may not make a subaward to a State or local government or a "public" institution of higher education, unless it first obtains a certification of compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373, properly executed by the chief legal officer of the jurisdiction or institution that would receive the subaward, using the appropriate form available at https://ojp.gov/funding/Explore/SampleCertifications-8USC1373 htm. Similarly, the recipient must require that no subrecipient (at any tier) may make a further subaward to a State or local government or a "public" institution of higher education, unless it first obtains a certification of compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373, properly executed by the chief legal officer of the jurisdiction or institution that would receive the further subaward, using the appropriate OJP form.
3. The recipient's monitoring responsibilities include monitoring of subrecipient compliance with the requirements of this condition.
4. Allowable costs. Compliance with these requirements is an authorized and priority purpose of this award. To the extent that such costs are not reimbursed under any other federal program, award funds may be obligated (including for authorized reimbursements) for the reasonable, necessary, and allocable costs (if any) that the recipient, or any subrecipient at any tier that is a State or local government or a "public" institution of higher education, incurs to implement this condition.
5. Rules of Construction
A. For purposes of this condition:
(1) "State" and "local government" include any agency or other entity thereof, but not any institution of higher education or any Indian tribe.
(2) A "public" institution of higher education is one that is owned, controlled, or directly funded by a State or local government.
(3) "Program or activity" means what it means under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (see 42 U.S.C. 2000d-4a).
(4) "Immigration status" means what it means for purposes of 8 U.S.C. 1373 (Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996); and terms that are defined in 8 U.S.C. 1101 (Immigration and Nationality Act) mean what they mean under that section 1101, except that the term "State" also shall include American Samoa (cf. 42 U.S.C. 901(a)(2)).
(5) Pursuant to the provisions set out at (or referenced in) 8 U.S.C. 1551 note ("Abolition … and Transfer of Functions"), references to the "Immigration and Naturalization Service" in 8 U.S.C. 1373 are to be read as references to particular components of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
B. Nothing in this condition shall be understood to authorize or require any recipient, any subrecipient at any tier, any State or local government, any "public" institution of higher education, or any other entity (or individual) to violate any federal law, including any applicable civil rights or nondiscrimination law.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 18 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 17 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS
IMPORTANT NOTE: Any questions about the meaning or scope of this condition should be directed to OJP, before award acceptance.
54. Authority to obligate award funds contingent on compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373; unallowable costs; obligation to notify
1. If the recipient is a State or local government--
A. The recipient may not obligate award funds if, at the time of the obligation, the "program or activity" of the recipient (or of any subrecipient at any tier that is a either a State or unit of local government or a "public" institution of higher education) that is funded in whole or in part with award funds is subject to any "information-communication restriction."
B. In addition, with respect to any project costs it incurs "at risk," the recipient may not obligate award funds to reimburse itself if -- at the time it incurs such costs -- the "program or activity" of the recipient (or of any subrecipient at any tier that is a either a State or unit of local government or a "public" institution of higher education) that would be reimbursed in whole or in part with award funds was subject to any "information-communication restriction."
C. Any drawdown of award funds by the recipient shall be considered, for all purposes, to be a material representation by the recipient to OJP that, as of the date the recipient requests the drawdown, the recipient and all subrecipients (regardless of tier) are in compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373.
D. The recipient must promptly notify OJP (in writing) if the recipient, from its requisite monitoring of compliance with award conditions or otherwise, has credible evidence that indicates that the funded "program or activity" of the recipient, or of any subrecipient at any tier that is either a State or a local government or a "public" institution of higher education, may be subject to any "information-communication restriction." In addition, any subaward (at any tier) to a subrecipient that is either a State or a local government or a "public" institution of higher education must require prompt notification to the entity that made the subaward, should the subrecipient such credible evidence regarding an "information-communication restriction."
2. Any subaward (at any tier) to a subrecipient that is either a State or a local government or a "public" institution of higher education must provide that the subrecipient may not obligate award funds if, at the time of the obligation, the "program or activity" of the subrecipient (or of any further such subrecipient at any tier) that is funded in whole or in part with award funds is subject to any "information-communication restriction."
3. Absent an express written determination by DOJ to the contrary, based upon a finding by DOJ of compelling circumstances (e.g., a small amount of award funds obligated by the recipient at the time of a subrecipient's minor and transitory non-compliance, which was unknown to the recipient despite diligent monitoring), any obligations of award funds that, under this condition, may not be made shall be unallowable costs for purposes of this award. In making any such determination, DOJ will give great weight to evidence submitted by the recipient that demonstrates diligent monitoring of subrecipient compliance with the requirements set out in the award condition entitled "Ongoing compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373 is required."
4. Rules of Construction
A. For purposes of this condition "information-communication restriction" has the meaning set out in the award condition entitled "Ongoing compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373 is required."
B. Both the "Rules of Construction" and the "Important Note" set out in the award condition entitled "Ongoing compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373 is required" are incorporated by reference as though set forth here in full.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 19 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 18 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS 55. Required State-level rules or practices related to aliens; allowable costs
The following provisions apply to the recipient of this award, if the recipient is a State government, and also apply to any State-government subrecipient at any tier (whether or not the recipient is a State government).
1. Requirements
With respect to the "program or activity" that is funded (in whole or in part) by this award, as of the date the recipient accepts this award, and throughout the remainder of the period of performance for the award--
A. A State statute, or a State rule, -regulation, -policy, or -practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that agents of the United States acting under color of federal law in fact are given to access any State (or State-contracted) correctional facility for the purpose of permitting such agents to meet with individuals who are (or are believed by such agents to be) aliens and to inquire as to such individuals' right to be or remain in the United States.
B. A State statute, or a State rule, -regulation, -policy, or -practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that, when a State (or State-contracted) correctional facility receives from DHS a formal written request authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act that seeks advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such facility, then such facility will honor such request and -- as early as practicable (see para. 4.B. of this condition) -- provide the requested notice to DHS.
2. Monitoring
The recipient's monitoring responsibilities include monitoring of subrecipient compliance with the requirements of this condition.
3. Allowable costs
Compliance with these requirements is an authorized and priority purpose of this award. To the extent that such costs are not reimbursed under any other federal program, award funds may be obligated (including for authorized reimbursements) for the reasonable, necessary, and allocable costs (if any) of-- (1) developing and putting into place statutes, rules, regulations, policies, and practices to satisfy this condition, and (2) permitting access as described in para. 1.A. above, and (3) honoring any request from DHS that is encompassed by para. 1.B. above.
4. Rules of construction
A. For purposes of this condition--
(1) the term "alien" means what it means under section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (see 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(3)).
(2) the term "correctional facility" means what it means under the Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (see 42 U.S.C. 3791(a)(7)).
B. Nothing in this condition shall be understood to authorize or require any recipient, any subrecipient at any tier, any State or local government, or any other entity or individual to maintain (or detain) any individual in custody beyond the date and time the individual would have been released in the absence of this condition.
Current DHS practice is ordinarily to request advance notice of scheduled release "as early as practicable (at least 48 hours, if possible)." (See DHS Form I-247A (3/17)). In the event that (e.g., in light of the date DHS made such request) the scheduled release date and time for an alien are such as not to permit the advance notice that DHS has requested, it shall not be a violation of this condition to provide only as much advance notice as practicable.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 20 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 19 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS NOTE: Current DHS practice is to use one form (DHS Form I-247A (3/17)) for two distinct purposes -- to request advance notice of scheduled release, and to request that an individual be detained for up to 48 hours AFTER the scheduled release. This condition imposes NO requirements as to such DHS requests for detention.
C. Both the "Rules of Construction" and the "Important Note" set out in the award condition entitled "Ongoing compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373 is required" are incorporated by reference as though set forth here in full.
56. Required local-government-level rules or practices related to aliens; allowable costs
The following provisions apply to the recipient of this award, if the recipient is a unit of local government, and also apply to any local-government subrecipient of this award at any tier (whether or not the recipient itself is a unit of local government).
1. Requirements
With respect to the "program or activity" that is funded (in whole or in part) by this award, as of the date the recipient accepts this award, and throughout the remainder of the period of performance for the award--
A. A local ordinance, -rule, -regulation, -policy, or -practice (or an applicable State statute, -rule, -regulation, policy, or -practice) must be in place that is designed to ensure that agents of the United States acting under color of federal law in fact are given access a local-government (or local-government-contracted) correctional facility for the purpose of permitting such agents to meet with individuals who are (or are believed by such agents to be) aliens and to inquire as to such individuals' right to be or remain in the United States.
B. A local ordinance, -rule, -regulation, -policy, or -practice (or an applicable State statute, -rule, -regulation, policy, or -practice) must be in place that is designed to ensure that, when a local-government (or local-governmentcontracted) correctional facility receives from DHS a formal written request authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act that seeks advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such facility, then such facility will honor such request and -- as early as practicable (see "Rules of Construction" incorporated by para. 4.B. of this condition) -- provide the requested notice to DHS.
2. Monitoring
The recipient's monitoring responsibilities include monitoring of subrecipient compliance with the requirements of this condition.
3. Allowable costs
Compliance with these requirements is an authorized and priority purpose of this award. To the extent that such costs are not reimbursed under any other federal program, award funds may be obligated (including for authorized reimbursements) for the reasonable, necessary, and allocable costs (if any) of-- (1) developing and putting into place statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, policies, and practices to satisfy this condition, (2) permitting access as described in para. 1.A. above, and (3) honoring any request from DHS that is encompassed by para. 1.B. above.
4. Rules of construction
A. The "Rules of Construction" and the "Important Note" set out in the award condition entitled "Ongoing compliance with 8 U.S.C. 1373 is required" are incorporated by reference as though set forth here in full.
B. The "Rules of Construction" set out in the award condition entitled "Required State-level rules or practices related to aliens; allowable costs" are incorporated by reference as though set forth here in full.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-6 Filed 09/28/17 Page 21 of 21

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Assistance

AWARD CONTINUATION SHEET
Grant

PAGE 20 OF 20

PROJECT NUMBER 2017-DJ-BX-0002

AWARD DATE

08/23/2017

SPECIAL CONDITIONS 57. Use of funds for DNA testing; upload of DNA profiles
If award funds are used for DNA testing of evidentiary materials, any resulting eligible DNA profiles must be uploaded to the Combined DNA Index System ("CODIS," the DNA database operated by the FBI) by a government DNA laboratory with access to CODIS.
No profiles generated under this award may be entered or uploaded into any non-governmental DNA database without prior express written approval from BJA.
Award funds may not be used for the purchase of DNA equipment and supplies unless the resulting DNA profiles may be accepted for entry into CODIS.
58. Encouragement of submission of "success stories"
BJA strongly encourages the recipient to submit annual (or more frequent) JAG success stories. To submit a success story, sign in to a My BJA account at https://www.bja.gov/Login.aspx to access the Success Story Submission form. If the recipient does not yet have a My BJA account, please register at https://www.bja.gov/profile.aspx. Once registered, one of the available areas on the My BJA page will be "My Success Stories." Within this box, there is an option to add a Success Story. Once reviewed and approved by BJA, all success stories will appear on the BJA Success Story web page at https://www.bja.gov/SuccessStoryList.aspx.

OJP FORM 4000/2 (REV 4-88)

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 1 of 421
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 87 of 421
3! Vq! cogpf! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! vq! kortqxg!
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 88 of 421

4!

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3 vkxgu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!qh!Cogtkec!kp!Eqpitguu!cuugodngf-!

4 UGEVKQP!2/!UJQTV!VKVNG/!

5

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6 Gphqtegogpv!Cev!qt!vjg!UCHG!Cev/!

7 UGE/!3/!VCDNG!QH!EQPVGPVU/!

8

Vjg!vcdng!qh!eqpvgpvu!hqt!vjku!Cev!ku!cu!hqnnqyu<!

Uge/ 2/ Ujqtv!vkvng/! Uge/ 3/ Vcdng!qh!eqpvgpvu/!

VKVNG! K•KOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! D[! UVCVGU! CPF! NQECNKVKGU!
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vgt! fcvcdcug/! Uge/ 215/ Vgejpqnqi{!ceeguu/! Uge/ 216/ Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rtqxkukqp! qh! kphqtocvkqp! cdqwv! crrtg.
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gphqtegogpv! qh! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/! Uge/ 218/ Kpetgcugf!Hgfgtcn!fgvgpvkqp!urceg/! Uge/ 219/ Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!
Uvcvgu! crrtgjgpfgf! d{! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/! Uge/ 21;/ Vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg!
gphqtegogpv! qh! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/! Uge/ 221/ Koowpkv{/! Uge/ 222/ Etkokpcn!cnkgp!kfgpvkhkecvkqp!rtqitco/! Uge/ 223/ Enctkhkecvkqp!qh!eqpitguukqpcn!kpvgpv/! Uge/ 224/ Uvcvg!etkokpcn!cnkgp!cuukuvcpeg!rtqitco!)UECCR*/! Uge/ 225/ Uvcvg!xkqncvkqpu!qh!gphqtegogpv!qh!kookitcvkqp!ncyu/! Uge/ 226/ Enctkh{kpi!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!qh!KEG!fgvckpgtu/!
VKVNG! KK•PCVKQPCN! UGEWTKV[!
Uge/ 312/ Tgoqxcn!qh-!cpf!fgpkcn!qh!dgpghkvu!vq-!vgttqtkuv!cnkgpu/! Uge/ 313/ Vgttqtkuv!dct!vq!iqqf!oqtcn!ejctcevgt/! Uge/ 314/ Vgttqtkuv!dct!vq!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp/! Uge/ 315/ Fgpcvwtcnk|cvkqp!hqt!vgttqtkuvu/! Uge/ 316/ Wug! qh! 2;97! KTEC! ngicnk|cvkqp! kphqtocvkqp! hqt! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{! rwt.
rqugu/! Uge/ 317/ Dcemitqwpf!cpf!ugewtkv{!ejgemu/! Uge/ 318/ Vgejpkecn! cogpfogpvu! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tghqto! cpf! Vgt.
tqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh! 3115/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 89 of 421
5!
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itqwpfu/! Uge/ 431/ Kpetgcugf! rgpcnvkgu!dcttkpi!vjg! cfokuukqp!qh!eqpxkevgf!ugz! qhhgpfgtu! hckn.
kpi! vq! tgikuvgt! cpf! tgswktkpi! fgrqtvcvkqp! qh! ugz! qhhgpfgtu! hcknkpi! vq! tgikuvgt/! Uge/ 432/ Rtqvgevkpi!kookitcpvu!htqo!eqpxkevgf!ugz!qhhgpfgtu/! Uge/ 433/ Enctkhkecvkqp! vq! etkogu! qh! xkqngpeg! cpf! etkogu! kpxqnxkpi! oqtcn! vwtrk. vwfg/! Uge/ 434/ Rgpcnvkgu!hqt!hcknwtg!vq!qdg{!tgoqxcn!qtfgtu/! Uge/ 435/ Rctfqpu/!
VKVNG! KX•XKUC! UGEWTKV[!
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 90 of 421

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2 VKVNG! KKOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GP.
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 91 of 421

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6 nctn{!ukvwcvgf!qt!vq!qvjgt!ektewouvcpegu-!ujcnn!pqv!dg!chhgevgf!

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22 Uvcvgu-!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!oc{!gpcev-!korng.

23 ogpv!cpf!gphqteg!etkokpcn!rgpcnvkgu!vjcv!rgpcnk|g!vjg!ucog!

24 eqpfwev!vjcv!ku!rtqjkdkvgf!kp!vjg!etkokpcn!rtqxkukqpu!qh!ko.

25 okitcvkqp!ncyu!)cu!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)28*!qh!vjg!Ko.

26 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)28***-! cu!

27 nqpi! cu! vjg! etkokpcn! rgpcnvkgu! fq! pqv! gzeggf! vjg! tgngxcpv!

28 Hgfgtcn! etkokpcn! rgpcnvkgu! )ykvjqwv! tgictf! vq! cpeknnct{!

29 kuuwgu! uwej! cu! vjg! cxckncdknkv{! qh! rtqdcvkqp! qt! rctfqp*/!

2; Uvcvgu-!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!oc{!gpcev-!korng.

31 ogpv!cpf!gphqteg!ekxkn!rgpcnvkgu!vjcv!rgpcnk|g!vjg!ucog!eqp.

32 fwev! vjcv! ku! rtqjkdkvgf! kp! vjg! ekxkn! rtqxkukqpu! qh! kookitc.

33 vkqp! ncyu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uwej! ugevkqp! 212)c*)28**-! cu! nqpi!

34 cu!vjg!ekxkn!rgpcnvkgu!fq!pqv!gzeggf!vjg!tgngxcpv!Hgfgtcn!ekxkn!

35 rgpcnvkgu/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 92 of 421

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6 qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq!

7 vjg!ucog!gzvgpv!cu!Hgfgtcn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!rgtuqppgn/!Ncy!

8 gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

9 ukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! cnuq! kpxguvkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! crrtgjgpf-!

; cttguv-!qt!fgvckp!cnkgpu!hqt!vjg!rwtrqugu!qh!gphqtekpi!vjg!ko.

21 okitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! c! Uvcvg! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

22 Uvcvg-! cu! nqpi! cu! vjqug! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! ctg! rgtokuukdng!

23 wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp/! Ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-!

24 qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! pqv! tgoqxg!

25 cnkgpu!htqo!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

26 UGE/!214/!NKUVKPI!QH!KOOKITCVKQP!XKQNCVQTU!KP!VJG!PC.

27

VKQPCN! ETKOG! KPHQTOCVKQP! EGPVGT! FCVC.

28

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31 Cev!cpf!rgtkqfkecnn{!vjgtgchvgt!cu!wrfcvgu!oc{!tgswktg-!vjg!

32 Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Kphqtocvkqp!

33 Egpvgt! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! ykvj! cnn! kphqtocvkqp!

34 vjcv!vjg!Ugetgvct{!oc{!rquuguu!tgictfkpi!cp{!cnkgp!cickpuv!

35 yjqo! c! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! jcu! dggp! kuuwgf-! cp{! cnkgp!

36 yjq!jcu!gpvgtgf!kpvq!c!xqnwpvct{!fgrctvwtg!citggogpv-!cp{!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 93 of 421

9!

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4 Etkog!Kphqtocvkqp!Egpvgt!ujcnn!gpvgt!uwej!kphqtocvkqp!kpvq!

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uwej! cnkgp! jcu! tgegkxgf! pqvkeg! qh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qt!

36

yjgvjgt! uwhhkekgpv! kfgpvkh{kpi! kphqtocvkqp!ku! cxckncdng!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
538 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11119 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 94 of 421

;!

2

ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp{! uwej! cnkgp! qt! yjgvjgt! cp{! uwej!

3

cnkgp! jcu! cntgcf{! dggp! tgoqxgf! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf!

4

Uvcvgu=! cpf/!

5

)3*! G

/•Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn!

6

cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! gpuwtg! vjcv! vjg! cogpfogpv!

7

ocfg! d{! rctcitcrj! )2*! ku! korngogpvgf! d{! pqv! ncvgt!

8

vjcp! 7! oqpvju! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

9

Cev/!

; UGE/!215/!VGEJPQNQI[!CEEGUU/!

21

Uvcvgu! ujcnn! jcxg! ceeguu! vq! Hgfgtcn! rtqitcou! qt! vgej.

22 pqnqi{! fktgevgf! dtqcfn{! cv! kfgpvkh{kpi! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fg.

23 rqtvcdng!cnkgpu/!

24 UGE/! 216/! UVCVG! CPF! NQECN! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! RTQXK.

25

UKQP! QH! KPHQTOCVKQP! CDQWV! CRRTG.

26

JGPFGF!CNKGPU/!

27

)c*!R

K

/•Kp!eqornkcpeg!ykvj!

28 ugevkqp! 753)c*! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Ko.

29 okitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2484*! cpf!

2; ugevkqp!545!qh!vjg!Rgtuqpcn!Tgurqpukdknkv{!cpf!Yqtm!Qrrqt.

31 vwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2755*-! gcej!

32 Uvcvg-! cpf! gcej! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! ujcnn! rtq.

33 xkfg! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! c! vkogn{! ocp.

34 pgt! ykvj! vjg! kphqtocvkqp! urgekhkgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*! ykvj!

35 tgurgev! vq! gcej! cnkgp! crrtgjgpfgf! kp! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! qh! vjg!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
539 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1111; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 95 of 421

21!

2 Uvcvg-! qt! kp! vjg! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! yjq! ku!

3 dgnkgxgf!vq!dg!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng/!

4

)d*! K

T

/•Vjg! kphqtocvkqp! tg.

5 hgttgf!vq!kp!uwdugevkqp!)c*!ku!cu!hqnnqyu<!

6

)2*! Vjg! cnkgpu! pcog/!

7

)3*! Vjg! cnkgpu! cfftguu! qt! rnceg! qh! tgukfgpeg/!

8

)4*! C! rj{ukecn! fguetkrvkqp! qh! vjg! cnkgp/!

9

)5*! Vjg! fcvg-! vkog-! cpf! nqecvkqp! qh! vjg! gpeqwpvgt!

;

ykvj! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! tgcuqp! hqt! uvqrrkpi-! fgvckpkpi-! cr.

21

rtgjgpfkpi-! qt! cttguvkpi! vjg! cnkgp/!

22

)6*! Kh! crrnkecdng-! vjg! cnkgpu! ftkxgtu! nkegpug! pwo.

23

dgt! cpf! vjg! Uvcvg! qh! kuuwcpeg! qh! uwej! nkegpug/!

24

)7*! Kh! crrnkecdng-! vjg! v{rg! qh! cp{! qvjgt! kfgpvk.

25

hkecvkqp! fqewogpv! kuuwgf! vq! vjg! cnkgp-! cp{! fgukipcvkqp!

26

pwodgt! eqpvckpgf! qp! vjg! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! fqewogpv-!

27

cpf! vjg! kuuwkpi! gpvkv{! hqt! vjg! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! fqewogpv/!

28

)8*! Kh! crrnkecdng-! vjg! nkegpug! rncvg! pwodgt-! ocmg-!

29

cpf! oqfgn! qh! cp{! cwvqoqdkng! tgikuvgtgf! vq-! qt! ftkxgp!

2;

d{-! vjg! cnkgp/!

31

)9*! C! rjqvq! qh! vjg! cnkgp-! kh! cxckncdng! qt! tgcfkn{!

32

qdvckpcdng/!

33

);*! Vjg! cnkgpu! hkpigtrtkpvu-! kh! cxckncdng! qt! tgcf.

34

kn{! qdvckpcdng/!

35

)e*! C

T

T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

36 ujcnn! ockpvckp! cpf! cppwcnn{! uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqpitguu! c! fg.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
540 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11121 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 96 of 421

22!

2 vckngf!tgrqtv!nkuvkpi!vjg! Uvcvgu-!qt!vjg! rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!

3 qh! Uvcvgu-! vjcv! jcxg! rtqxkfgf! kphqtocvkqp! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp!

4 )c*!kp!vjg!rtgegfkpi!{gct/!

5

)f*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! tgkodwtug!

6 Uvcvgu-!cpf! rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! c! Uvcvg-!hqt!cnn! tgcuqp.

7 cdng! equvu-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! kpewttgf! d{! vjg!

8 Uvcvg-! qt! vjg! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! cu! c! tguwnv!

9 qh!rtqxkfkpi!kphqtocvkqp!wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!)c*/!

;

)g*! C

C

/•Vjgtg! ctg!

21 cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! crrtqrtkcvgf! uwej! uwou! cu! oc{! dg! pge.

22 guuct{!vq!ectt{!qwv!vjku!ugevkqp/!

23

)h*! E

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! tg.

24 swktg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkekcnu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn!

25 uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! vq! rtqxkfg! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ykvj! kphqt.

26 ocvkqp!tgncvgf!vq!c!xkevko!qh!c!etkog!qt!ykvpguu!vq!c!etkok.

27 pcn!qhhgpug/!

28

)i*! G

F /•Vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev!

29 qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!ku!231!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

2; qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnkgpu! crrtg.

31 jgpfgf!qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

32 UGE/! 217/! HKPCPEKCN! CUUKUVCPEG! VQ! UVCVG! CPF! NQECN!

33

RQNKEG! CIGPEKGU! VJCV! CUUKUV! KP! VJG! GP.

34

HQTEGOGPV!QH!KOOKITCVKQP!NCYU/!

35

)c*! I

U

G

J

!

36

R

E

C /•Htqo! coqwpvu! ocfg!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
541 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11122 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 97 of 421

23!

2 cxckncdng! vq! ocmg! itcpvu! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

3 ujcnn! ocmg! itcpvu! vq! Uvcvgu-! cpf! vq! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu!

4 qh! Uvcvgu-! hqt! rtqewtgogpv! qh! gswkrogpv-! vgejpqnqi{-! hceknk.

5 vkgu-! cpf! qvjgt! rtqfwevu! vjcv! hceknkvcvg! cpf! ctg! fktgevn{! tg.

6 ncvgf! vq! kpxguvkicvkpi-! crrtgjgpfkpi-! cttguvkpi-! fgvckpkpi-!

7 qt! vtcpurqtvkpi! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng-!

8 kpenwfkpi! cffkvkqpcn! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! equvu! kpewttgf! wpfgt!

9 vjku!vkvng/!

;

)d*! G

/•Vq! dg! gnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg! c! itcpv!

21 wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! c! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

22 Uvcvg-!owuv! jcxg! vjg!cwvjqtkv{!vq-! cpf!ujcnn! jcxg! c! ytkvvgp!

23 rqnke{! cpf! c! rtcevkeg! vq-! cuukuv! kp! vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh! vjg!

24 kookitcvkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!kp!vjg!eqwtug!qh!ect.

25 t{kpi! qwv! vjg! tqwvkpg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! fwvkgu! qh! uwej! Uvcvg!

26 qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg/! Gpvkvkgu! eqxgtgf! wpfgt!

27 vjku! ugevkqp! oc{! pqv! jcxg! cp{! rqnke{! qt! rtcevkeg! vjcv! rtg.

28 xgpvu! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! htqo! kpswktkpi! cdqwv! c! uwu.

29 rgevu!kookitcvkqp!uvcvwu/!

2;

)e*! H

/•Vjgtg! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! crrtqrtkcvgf!

31 hqt!itcpvu!wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp!uwej!uwou!cu!oc{!dg!pgeguuct{!

32 hqt!hkuecn!{gct!3125!cpf!gcej!uwdugswgpv!hkuecn!{gct/!

33

)f*!ICQ!C /•Pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!4!{gctu!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!

34 qh!vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!Cev-!vjg! Eqorvtqnngt!Igpgtcn! qh! vjg!

35 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! cwfkv! qh! hwpfu! fkuvtkdwvgf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
542 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11123 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 98 of 421

24!

2 vq! Uvcvgu-! cpf! vq! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! wpfgt!

3 uwdugevkqp!)c*/!

4 UGE/!218/!KPETGCUGF!HGFGTCN!FGVGPVKQP!URCEG/!

5

)c*! E

C

F

!

6H

/•!

7

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! eqpuvtwev!

8

qt! ceswktg-! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! gzkuvkpi! hceknkvkgu! hqt! vjg! fg.

9

vgpvkqp! qh! cnkgpu-! fgvgpvkqp! hceknkvkgu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

;

Uvcvgu-! hqt! cnkgpu! fgvckpgf! rgpfkpi! tgoqxcn! htqo! vjg!

21

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt! c! fgekukqp! tgictfkpi! uwej! tgoqxcn/!

22

Gcej! hceknkv{! ujcnn! jcxg! c! pwodgt! qh! dgfu! pgeguuct{!

23

vq! ghhgevwcvg! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! vkvng/!

24

)3*! F

/•Vjg! nqecvkqp! qh! cp{! fg.

25

vgpvkqp! hceknkv{! dwknv! qt! ceswktgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj!

26

vjku! uwdugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{/!

27

)d*! C

C

/•Vjgtg! ctg!

28 cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! crrtqrtkcvgf! uwej! uwou! cu! oc{! dg! pge.

29 guuct{!vq!ectt{!qwv!vjku!ugevkqp/!

2;

)e*! V

E

C

/•Uge.

31 vkqp! 352)i*)2*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

32 W/U/E/! 2342)i*)2**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! gzrgpf!

33 cpf!kpugtvkpi!ujcnn!gzrgpf/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
543 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11124 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 99 of 421

25! 2 UGE/! 219/! HGFGTCN! EWUVQF[! QH! KPCFOKUUKDNG! CPF! FG.

3

RQTVCDNG! CNKGPU! KP! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU!

4

CRRTGJGPFGF! D[! UVCVG! QT! NQECN! NCY! GP.

5

HQTEGOGPV/!

6

)c*!U C

/•!

7

)2*! K

/•Vkvng! KK! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

8

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2262! gv! ugs/*! ku! cogpf.

9

gf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! ugevkqp! 351E! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

; 

!

21

!

22

U /! 351F/! )c*! V

E

U!

23

NQ

/•Kh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

24 ukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! gzgtekukpi! cwvjqtkv{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg!

25 crrtgjgpukqp! qt! cttguv! qh! cp! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng!

26 cnkgp! uwdokvu! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! c! tg.

27 swguv!vjcv!vjg! cnkgp!dg!vcmgp!kpvq!Hgfgtcn!ewuvqf{-!pqvykvj.

28 uvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! tgiwncvkqp-! qt! rqnke{!

29 vjg!Ugetgvct{•!

2;

)2*! ujcnn! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{! pqv! ncvgt!

31

vjcp! 59! jqwtu! chvgt! vjg! fgvckpgt! jcu! dggp! kuuwgf! hqn.

32

nqykpi! vjg! eqpenwukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ejctikpi!

33

rtqeguu! qt! fkuokuucn! rtqeguu-! qt! kh! pq! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn!

34

ejctikpi! qt! fkuokuucn! rtqeguu! ku! tgswktgf-! vjg! Uge.

35

tgvct{! ujqwnf! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt! cpf! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq!

36

ewuvqf{! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 59! jqwtu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! cr.

37

rtgjgpfgf-! kp! qtfgt! vq! fgvgtokpg! yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp!

•JT! 3389! TJ
544 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11125 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 100 of 421

26!

2

ujqwnf! dg! fgvckpgf-! rncegf! kp! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu-! tg.

3

ngcugf-! qt! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

4

)3*! ujcnn! tgswguv! vjcv! vjg! tgngxcpv! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn!

5

ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpe{! vgorqtctkn{! jqnf! vjg! cnkgp! kp!

6

vjgkt! ewuvqf{! qt! vtcpurqtv! vjg! cnkgp! hqt! vtcpuhgt! vq!

7

Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{/!

8

)d*! R

F

H

-! E

-!

9 U -! N F

H

/•Kp! ectt{kpi!

; qwv! ugevkqp! 352)i*)2*-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt! Ugetgvct{! qh!

21 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! gpuwtg! vjcv! cp! cnkgp! cttguvgf!

22 wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!ujcnn!dg!jgnf!kp!ewuvqf{-!rgpfkpi!vjg!cnkgpu!

23 gzcokpcvkqp! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! kp! c! Hgfgtcn-! eqpvtcev-!

24 Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp-! lckn-! fgvgpvkqp! egpvgt-! qt! qvjgt! eqo.

25 rctcdng! hceknkv{/! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh!

26 ncy-! tgiwncvkqp! qt! rqnke{-! uwej! hceknkv{! ku! cfgswcvg! hqt! fg.

27 vgpvkqp-!kh•!

28

)2*! uwej! c! hceknkv{! ku! vjg! oquv! uwkvcdn{! nqecvgf!

29

Hgfgtcn-! eqpvtcev-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! hceknkv{! cxckncdng! hqt!

2;

uwej! rwtrqug! wpfgt! vjg! ektewouvcpegu=!

31

)3*! cp! crrtqrtkcvg! cttcpigogpv! hqt! uwej! wug! qh!

32

vjg! hceknkv{! ecp! dg! ocfg=! cpf!

33

)4*! vjg! hceknkv{! ucvkuhkgu! vjg! uvcpfctfu! hqt! vjg!

34

jqwukpi-! ectg-! cpf! ugewtkv{! qh! rgtuqpu! jgnf! kp! ewuvqf{!

35

d{! c! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Octujcn/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
545 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11126 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 101 of 421

27!

2

)e*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

3 Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! tgkodwtug! c! Uvcvg-! cpf! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

4 ukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! hqt! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! gzrgpugu-! cu! fgvgtokpgf!

5 d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{-!kpewttgf!d{!vjg!Uvcvg-!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxk.

6 ukqp-! cu! c! tguwnv! qh! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! cpf! vtcpurqtvcvkqp!

7 qh! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ku! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cu! fguetkdgf!

8 kp!uwdugevkqpu!)c*!cpf!)d*/!Eqorgpucvkqp!rtqxkfgf!hqt!equvu!

9 kpewttgf! wpfgt! uwej! uwdugevkqpu! ujcnn! dg! vjg! cxgtcig! equv!

; qh!kpectegtcvkqp!qh!c!rtkuqpgt!kp!vjg!tgngxcpv!Uvcvg-!cu!fgvgt.

21 okpgf!d{!vjg!ejkgh!gzgewvkxg!qhhkegt!qh!c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkv.

22 kecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! rnwu! vjg! equv! qh! vtcpurqtvkpi!

23 vjg! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! rqkpv! qh! crrtgjgpukqp! vq! vjg! rnceg! qh! fg.

24 vgpvkqp-! cpf! vq! vjg! ewuvqf{! vtcpuhgt! rqkpv! kh! vjg! rnceg! qh!

25 fgvgpvkqp!cpf!rnceg!qh!ewuvqf{!ctg!fkhhgtgpv/!

26

)f*! U

H

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

27 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! gpuwtg! vjcv! cnkgpu! kpectegtcvgf! rwtuw.

28 cpv!vq!vjku!vkvng!ctg!jgnf!kp!hceknkvkgu!vjcv!rtqxkfg!cp!crrtq.

29 rtkcvg!ngxgn!qh!ugewtkv{/!

2;

)g*!V

/•!

31

)2*! K

/•Kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjku! ugevkqp-!

32

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! c!

33

tgiwnct! ektewkv! cpf! uejgfwng! hqt! vjg! rtqorv! vtcpuhgt!

34

qh! crrtgjgpfgf! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! Uvcvgu-! cpf!

35

rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
546 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11127 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 102 of 421

28!

2

)3*! E

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! gpvgt! kpvq!

3

eqpvtcevu-! kpenwfkpi! crrtqrtkcvg! rtkxcvg! eqpvtcevu-! vq!

4

korngogpv! vjku! uwdugevkqp//!

5

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

6

vgpvu! qh! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vjg!

7

kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 351E! vjg! hqnnqykpi! pgy! kvgo<!

Uge/ 351F/ Ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu//!

8

)d*!ICQ!C /•Pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!4!{gctu!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!

9 qh!vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!Cev-!vjg! Eqorvtqnngt!Igpgtcn! qh! vjg!

; Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! cwfkv! qh! eqorgpucvkqp! vq!

21 Uvcvgu-! cpf! vq! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! hqt! vjg! kp.

22 ectegtcvkqp! qh! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! wpfgt! uge.

23 vkqp! 351F)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )cu!

24 cffgf!d{!uwdugevkqp!)c*)2**/!

25

)e*! G

F /•Ugevkqp! 351F! qh!vjg!Kookitc.

26 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! cffgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! ujcnn!

27 vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! gzegrv!

28 vjcv! uwdugevkqp! )g*! qh! uwej! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg!

29 fcvg! vjcv! ku! 231! fc{! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

2; Cev/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
547 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11128 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 103 of 421

29! 2 UGE/! 21;/! VTCKPKPI! QH! UVCVG! CPF! NQECN! NCY! GPHQTEG.

3

OGPV! RGTUQPPGN! TGNCVKPI! VQ! VJG! GP.

4

HQTEGOGPV!QH!KOOKITCVKQP!NCYU/!

5

)c*! G

V

O

!

6R

I /•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!

7 qh!vjg! gpcevogpv!qh!vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj•!

8

)2*! c! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! hqt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

9

uqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

;

Uvcvg-! vq! vtckp! uwej! rgtuqppgn! kp! vjg! kpxguvkicvkqp-!

21

kfgpvkhkecvkqp-! crrtgjgpukqp-! cttguv-! fgvgpvkqp-! cpf!

22

vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fg.

23

rqtvcdng! cnkgpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg!

24

vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh! uwej! cnkgpu! cetquu! Uvcvg! nkpgu! vq! fg.

25

vgpvkqp! egpvgtu! cpf! vjg! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! qh! htcwfwngpv!

26

fqewogpvu*=! cpf!

27

)3*! cp! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! rqemgv! iwkfg! hqt!

28

ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn!

29

uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c! Uvcvg-!vq!rtqxkfg!c! swkem!tghgtgpeg!hqt!

2;

uwej! rgtuqppgn! kp! vjg! eqwtug! qh! fwv{/!

31

)d*! C

/•Vjg! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! cpf! rqemgv!

32 iwkfg! guvcdnkujgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj!uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn! dg!

33 ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! cnn! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

34 uqppgn/!

35

)e*! C

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg!

36 eqpuvtwgf! vq! tgswktg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
548 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11129 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 104 of 421

2;!

2 uqppgn! vq! ectt{! vjg! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! qt! rqemgv! iwkfg! ykvj!

3 vjgo!yjkng!qp!fwv{/!

4

)f*!E /•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!dg!tgurqpukdng!hqt!cp{!

5 equvu! kpewttgf! kp! guvcdnkujkpi! vjg! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! cpf!

6 rqemgv!iwkfg/!

7

)g*!V

H

/•!

8

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! ocmg!

9

vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu!

;

cxckncdng! vjtqwij! cu! ocp{! ogcpu! cu! rquukdng-! kpenwf.

21

kpi! vjtqwij! tgukfgpvkcn! vtckpkpi! cv! vjg! Egpvgt! hqt! Fq.

22

oguvke! Rtgrctgfpguu-! qpukvg! vtckpkpi! jgnf! cv! Uvcvg! qt!

23

nqecn! rqnkeg! cigpekgu! qt! hceknkvkgu-! qpnkpg! vtckpkpi!

24

eqwtugu! d{! eqorwvgt-! vgngeqphgtgpekpi-! cpf! xkfgqvcrg-!

25

qt! vjg! fkikvcn! xkfgq! fkurnc{! )FXF*! qh! c! vtckpkpi!

26

eqwtug! qt! eqwtugu/! G.ngctpkpi! vjtqwij! c! ugewtg-!

27

gpet{rvgf! fkuvtkdwvgf! ngctpkpi! u{uvgo! vjcv! jcu! cnn! kvu!

28

ugtxgtu! dcugf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ku! uecncdng-! uwtxkx.

29

cdng-! cpf! ecp! jcxg! c! rqtvcn! kp! rnceg! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

2;

41! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-!

31

ujcnn! dg! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Ncy! Gphqteg.

32

ogpv! Vtckpkpi! Egpvgt! Fkuvtkdwvgf! Ngctpkpi! Rtqitco!

33

hqt! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn/!

34

)3*! H

/•Vjg! vtckp.

35

kpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
549 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1112; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 105 of 421

31!

2

wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! pqv! fkurnceg! vjg! vtckpkpi! qh!

3

Hgfgtcn! rgtuqppgn/!

4

)4*! E

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! vkvng! qt!

5

cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! ujcnn! dg! eqpuvtwgf! cu! ocm.

6

kpi! cp{! kookitcvkqp.tgncvgf! vtckpkpi! c! tgswktgogpv!

7

hqt-! qt! rtgtgswkukvg! vq-! cp{! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! gphqteg.

8

ogpv! qhhkegt! vq! cuukuv! kp! vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh! Hgfgtcn!

9

kookitcvkqp! ncyu/!

;

)5*! R

/•Kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjku! uwdugevkqp-!

21

rtkqtkv{! hwpfkpi! ujcnn! dg! ikxgp! hqt! gzkuvkpi! ygd.dcugf!

22

kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! vtckpkpi! u{uvgou/!

23 UGE/!221/!KOOWPKV[/!

24

Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! c! ncy! gp.

25 hqtegogpv!qhhkegt!qh!c!Uvcvg!qt!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigpe{!

26 yjq!ku!cevkpi!ykvjkp!vjg!ueqrg!qh!vjg!qhhkegtu!qhhkekcn!fwvkgu!

27 ujcnn! dg! koowpg-! vq! vjg! ucog! gzvgpv! cu! c! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gp.

28 hqtegogpv! qhhkegt-! htqo! rgtuqpcn! nkcdknkv{! ctkukpi! qwv! qh! vjg!

29 rgthqtocpeg! qh! cp{! fwv{! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! vkvng-! kpenwfkpi!

2; vjg! cwvjqtkvkgu! vq! kpxguvkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! crrtgjgpf-! cttguv-!

31 fgvckp-!qt!vtcpuhgt!vq!Hgfgtcn!ewuvqf{-!cp!cnkgp!hqt!vjg!rwt.

32 rqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

33 Uvcvgu!)cu!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)28*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!

34 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)28**! qt! vjg! kook.

35 itcvkqp!ncyu!qh!c!Uvcvg!qt!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
550 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11131 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 106 of 421

32! 2 UGE/!222/!ETKOKPCN!CNKGP!KFGPVKHKECVKQP!RTQITCO/!

3

)c*!E

G

/•!

4

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! eqpvkpwg!

5

vq! qrgtcvg! cpf! korngogpv! c! rtqitco! vjcv•!

6

)C*! kfgpvkhkgu! tgoqxcdng! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! kp!

7

Hgfgtcn! cpf! Uvcvg! eqttgevkqpcn! hceknkvkgu=!

8

)D*! gpuwtgu! uwej! cnkgpu! ctg! pqv! tgngcugf! kpvq!

9

vjg! eqoowpkv{=! cpf!

;

)E*! tgoqxgu! uwej! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf!

21

Uvcvgu! chvgt! vjg! eqorngvkqp! qh! vjgkt! ugpvgpegu/!

22

)3*! G

/•Vjg! rtqitco! ujcnn! dg! gzvgpfgf!

23

vq! cnn! Uvcvgu/! Cp{! Uvcvg! vjcv! tgegkxgu! Hgfgtcn! hwpfu!

24

hqt! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! )rwtuwcpv! vq!

25

vjg! Uvcvg! Etkokpcn! Cnkgp! Cuukuvcpeg! Rtqitco! cwvjqt.

26

k|gf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

27

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! qvjgt! ukoknct! rtq.

28

itco*! ujcnn•!

29

)C*! eqqrgtcvg! ykvj! qhhkekcnu! qh! vjg! rtqitco=!

2;

)D*! gzrgfkvkqwun{! cpf! u{uvgocvkecnn{! kfgp.

31

vkh{! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! kp! kvu! rtkuqp! cpf! lckn! rqrw.

32

ncvkqpu=! cpf!

33

)E*! rtqorvn{! eqpxg{! uwej! kphqtocvkqp! vq! qh.

34

hkekcnu! qh! uwej! rtqitco! cu! c! eqpfkvkqp! qh! tgegkx.

35

kpi! uwej! hwpfu/!

36

)d*! C

F

CE

.

37

U

NR

U

/•Ncy! gp.

•JT! 3389! TJ
551 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11132 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 107 of 421

33!

2 hqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

3 qh!c!Uvcvg-!ctg!cwvjqtk|gf!vq•!

4

)2*! jqnf! c! etkokpcn! cnkgp! hqt! c! rgtkqf! qh! wr! vq!

5

25! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! eqorngvgf! vjg! cnkgpu! ugp.

6

vgpeg! wpfgt! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! kp! qtfgt! vq! ghhgevwcvg!

7

vjg! vtcpuhgt! qh! vjg! cnkgp! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! yjgp! vjg!

8

cnkgp! ku! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng=! qt!

9

)3*! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt! vjcv! yqwnf! cnnqy! cnkgpu! yjq!

;

jcxg! ugtxgf! c! rtkuqp! ugpvgpeg! wpfgt! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy!

21

vq! dg! fgvckpgf! d{! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp! qt! lckn!

22

wpvkn! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ecp! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{/!

23

)e*! V

W /•Vgejpqnqi{-! uwej! cu! xkfgq!

24 eqphgtgpekpi-! ujcnn! dg! wugf! vq! vjg! oczkowo! gzvgpv! rtce.

25 vkecdng! kp! qtfgt! vq! ocmg! vjg! rtqitco! cxckncdng! kp! tgoqvg!

26 nqecvkqpu/! Oqdkng! ceeguu! vq! Hgfgtcn! fcvcdcugu! qh! cnkgpu! cpf!

27 nkxg! uecp! vgejpqnqi{! ujcnn! dg! wugf! vq! vjg! oczkowo! gzvgpv!

28 rtcevkecdng! kp! qtfgt! vq! ocmg! vjgug! tguqwtegu! cxckncdng! vq!

29 Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu! kp! tgoqvg! nqec.

2; vkqpu/!

31

)f*! G

F /•Vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev!

32 qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! gzegrv! vjcv! uwd.

33 ugevkqp! )c*)3*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 291! fc{u!

34 chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
552 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11133 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 108 of 421

34! 2 UGE/!223/!ENCTKHKECVKQP!QH!EQPITGUUKQPCN!KPVGPV/!

3

Ugevkqp! 398)i*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

4 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2468)i**!ku!cogpfgf•!

5

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! gpvgt!

6

cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! vjtqwij! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf! cpf!

7

kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! ujcnn! gpvgt! kpvq! c! ytkvvgp!

8

citggogpv! ykvj! c! Uvcvg-! qt! cp{! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

9

qh! c! Uvcvg-! wrqp! tgswguv! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwd.

;

fkxkukqp-! rwtuwcpv! vq! yjkej! cp! qhhkegt! qt! gornq{gg! qh!

21

vjg! Uvcvg! qt! uwdfkxkukqp-! yjq! ku! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg!

22

Ugetgvct{! vq! dg! swcnkhkgf! vq! rgthqto! c! hwpevkqp! qh! cp!

23

kookitcvkqp! qhhkegt! kp! tgncvkqp! vq! vjg! kpxguvkicvkqp-!

24

crrtgjgpukqp-! qt! fgvgpvkqp! qh! cnkgpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

25

Uvcvgu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh! uwej! cnkgpu!

26

cetquu! Uvcvg!nkpgu! vq!fgvgpvkqp! egpvgtu*-! oc{! ectt{!qwv!

27

uwej! hwpevkqp! cv! vjg! gzrgpug! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn!

28

uwdfkxkukqp! cpf! vq! gzvgpv! eqpukuvgpv! ykvj! Uvcvg! cpf!

29

nqecn! ncy/! Pq! tgswguv! htqo! c! dqpc! hkfg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkv.

2;

kecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qt! dqpc! hkfg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpe{!

31

ujcnn! dg! fgpkgf! cdugpv! c! eqorgnnkpi! tgcuqp/! Pq! nkokv!

32

qp! vjg! pwodgt! qh! citggogpvu! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp!

33

oc{! dg! korqugf/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqeguu! tgswguvu!

34

hqt! uwej! citggogpvu! ykvj! cnn! fwg! jcuvg-! cpf! kp! pq! ecug!

35

ujcnn! vcmg! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! ;1! fc{u! htqo! vjg! fcvg! vjg!

36

tgswguv! ku! ocfg! wpvkn! vjg! citggogpv! ku! eqp.

37

uwoocvgf/=!

•JT! 3389! TJ
553 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11134 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 109 of 421

35!

2

)3*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! rctcitcrj! )3*! cu! rctc.

3

itcrj! )6*! cpf! rctcitcrju! )4*! vjtqwij! )21*! cu! rctc.

4

itcrju! )8*! vjtqwij! )25*-! tgurgevkxgn{=!

5

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

6

nqykpi<!

7

)3*! Cp! citggogpv! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp! ujcnn! ceeqo.

8 oqfcvg! c! tgswguvkpi! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! ykvj! tg.

9 urgev! vq! vjg! gphqtegogpv! oqfgn! qt! eqodkpcvkqp! qh! oqfgnu-!

; cpf! ujcnn! ceeqooqfcvg! c! rcvtqn! oqfgn-! vcum! hqteg! oqfgn-!

21 lckn!oqfgn-!cp{!eqodkpcvkqp!vjgtgqh-!qt!cp{!qvjgt!tgcuqpcdng!

22 oqfgn!vjg!Uvcvg!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!dgnkgxgu!ku!dguv!uwkv.

23 gf!vq!vjg!kookitcvkqp!gphqtegogpv!pggfu!qh!kvu!lwtkufkevkqp/!

24

)4*!Pq!Hgfgtcn!rtqitco!qt!vgejpqnqi{!fktgevgf!dtqcf.

25 n{! cv! kfgpvkh{kpi! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! ujcnn!

26 uwduvkvwvg! hqt! uwej! citggogpvu-! kpenwfkpi! vjqug! guvcdnkujkpi!

27 c! lckn! oqfgn-! cpf! ujcnn! qrgtcvg! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! cp{! citgg.

28 ogpv!wpfgt!vjku!uwdugevkqp/!

29

)5*)C*! Pq! citggogpv! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp! ujcnn! dg!

2; vgtokpcvgf!cdugpv!c!eqorgnnkpi!tgcuqp/!

31

)D*)k*!Vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!rtqxkfg!c!Uvcvg!qt!rqnkvkecn!

32 uwdfkxkukqp! ytkvvgp! pqvkeg! qh! kpvgpv! vq! vgtokpcvg! cv! ngcuv!

33 291! fc{u! rtkqt! vq! fcvg! qh! kpvgpfgf! vgtokpcvkqp-! cpf! vjg!

34 pqvkeg!ujcnn!hwnn{!gzrnckp!vjg!itqwpfu!hqt!vgtokpcvkqp-!cnqpi!

35 ykvj!rtqxkfkpi!gxkfgpeg!uwduvcpvkcvkpi!vjg!Ugetgvct{u!cnng.

36 icvkqpu/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
554 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11135 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 110 of 421

36!

2

)kk*! Vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! ujcnn! jcxg! vjg!

3 tkijv! vq! c! jgctkpi! dghqtg! cp! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! ncy! lwfig! cpf-!

4 kh! vjg! twnkpi! ku! cickpuv! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp-!

5 vq!crrgcn!vjg!twnkpi!vq!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Ektewkv!Eqwtv!qh!Crrgcnu!

6 cpf-! kh! vjg! twnkpi! ku! cickpuv! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

7 ukqp-!vq!vjg!Uwrtgog!Eqwtv/!

8

)E*! Vjg! citggogpv! ujcnn! tgockp! kp! hwnn! ghhgev! fwtkpi!

9 vjg!eqwtug!qh!cp{!cpf!cnn!ngicn!rtqeggfkpiu/=!cpf!

;

)5*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )6*! )cu! tgfguki.

21

pcvgf*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

22

)7*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! ocmg!

23 vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! cxckn.

24 cdng!vjtqwij!cu!ocp{!ogcpu!cu!rquukdng-!kpenwfkpi!vjtqwij!

25 tgukfgpvkcn! vtckpkpi! cv! vjg! Egpvgt! hqt! Fqoguvke! Rtgrctgf.

26 pguu! cpf! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Vtckpkpi! Egpvgt-!

27 qpukvg! vtckpkpi! jgnf! cv! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! rqnkeg! cigpekgu! qt! hc.

28 eknkvkgu-! qpnkpg! vtckpkpi! eqwtugu! d{! eqorwvgt-! vgngeqphgt.

29 gpekpi-! cpf! xkfgqvcrg-! qt! vjg! fkikvcn! xkfgq! fkurnc{! )FXF*!

2; qh! c! vtckpkpi! eqwtug! qt! eqwtugu/! Fkuvcpeg! ngctpkpi! vjtqwij!

31 c!ugewtg-!gpet{rvgf!fkuvtkdwvgf!ngctpkpi!u{uvgo!vjcv!jcu!cnn!

32 kvu! ugtxgtu! dcugf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ku! uecncdng-! uwtxkx.

33 cdng-!cpf!ecp!jcxg!c!rqtvcn!kp!rnceg!pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!41!fc{u!

34 chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! ujcnn! dg! ocfg!

35 cxckncdng! d{! vjg! EQRU! Qhhkeg! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg!

36 cpf!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Vtckpkpi!Egpvgt!Fkuvtkd.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
555 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11136 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 111 of 421

37!

2 wvgf!Ngctpkpi!Rtqitco!hqt!Uvcvg!cpf!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!

3 rgtuqppgn/! Rtghgtgpeg! ujcnn! dg! ikxgp! vq! rtkxcvg! ugevqt.dcugf!

4 ygd.dcugf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! vtckpkpi! rtqitcou! hqt!

5 yjkej! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtpogpv! jcu! cntgcf{! rtqxkfgf! uwr.

6 rqtv!vq!fgxgnqr//!

7 UGE/! 224/! UVCVG! ETKOKPCN! CNKGP! CUUKUVCPEG! RTQITCO!

8

)UECCR*/!

9

Ugevkqp!352)k*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!

; )9!W/U/E/!2342)k**!ku!cogpfgf•!

21

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjg! hktuv! rnceg!

22

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

23

ncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

24

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

25

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! vjgtgchvgt! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Uge.

26

tgvct{=!

27

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*)C*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! ejctigf!

28

ykvj! qt! dghqtg! eqpxkevgf=! cpf!

29

)5*! d{! cogpfkpi! rctcitcrj! )6*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqn.

2;

nqyu<!

31

)6*! Vjgtg! ctg! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! crrtqrtkcvgf! vq!

32

ectt{! qwv! vjku! uwdugevkqp! uwej! uwou! cu! oc{! dg! pge.

33

guuct{! hqt! hkuecn! {gct! 3125! cpf! gcej! uwdugswgpv! hkuecn!

34

{gct//!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
556 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11137 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 112 of 421

38! 2 UGE/! 225/! UVCVG! XKQNCVKQPU! QH! GPHQTEGOGPV! QH! KOOK.

3

ITCVKQP!NCYU/!

4

)c*!K I

/•Ugevkqp!753!qh!vjg!Knngicn!Kookitc.

5 vkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

6 W/U/E/!2484*!ku!cogpfgf•!

7

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvwtcnk|c.

8

vkqp! Ugtxkeg! gcej! rnceg! kv! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

9

Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

;

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! cpf! kp.

21

ugtvkpi! ujcnn=!

22

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*•!

23

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! pq! rgtuqp! qt! cigpe{! oc{!

24

cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! rgtuqp! qt! cigpe{! ujcnn! pqv=!

25

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! fqkpi! cp{! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi!

26

ykvj! tgurgev! vq! kphqtocvkqp! cpf! kpugtvkpi! wp.

27

fgtvcmkpi! cp{! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

28

cevkxkvkgu=! cpf!

29

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrju! )2*! vjtqwij! )4*!

2;

cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

31

)2*! Pqvkh{kpi! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtpogpv! tgictf.

32

kpi! vjg! rtgugpeg! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu!

33

yjq! ctg! gpeqwpvgtgf! d{! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh!

34

c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg/!

35

)3*! Eqorn{kpi! ykvj! tgswguvu! hqt! kphqtocvkqp!

36

htqo! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
557 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11138 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 113 of 421

39!

2

)4*! Eqorn{kpi! ykvj! fgvckpgtu! kuuwgf! d{! vjg! Fg.

3

rctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

4

)5*! Kuuwkpi! rqnkekgu! kp! vjg! hqto! qh! c! tguqnwvkqpu-!

5

qtfkpcpegu-! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! cevkqpu-! igpgtcn! qt! urgekcn!

6

qtfgtu-! qt! fgrctvogpvcn! rqnkekgu! vjcv! xkqncvg! Hgfgtcn!

7

ncy! qt! tguvtkev! c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

8

Uvcvg! htqo! eqorn{kpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy! qt! eqqtfk.

9

pcvkpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/=! cpf!

;

)5*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

21

)f*!E

/•!

22

)2*! K

/•C! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwd.

23

fkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-!vjcv! jcu!kp! ghhgev!c!uvcvwvg-!rqnke{-!

24

qt! rtcevkeg! vjcv! rtqjkdkvu! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! qh!

25

vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-!

26

htqo! cuukuvkpi! qt! eqqrgtcvkpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! kookitc.

27

vkqp! ncy! gphqtegogpv! kp! vjg! eqwtug! qh! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjg!

28

qhhkegtu! tqwvkpg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! fwvkgu! ujcnn! pqv! dg!

29

gnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg•!

2;

)C*! cp{! qh! vjg! hwpfu! vjcv! yqwnf! qvjgtykug!

31

dg! cnnqecvgf! vq! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

32

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

33

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! vjg! Eqru! qp!

34

vjg! Dgcv! rtqitco! wpfgt! rctv! S! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg!

35

Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh!

36

2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 48;7ff! gv! ugs/*=! qt!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
558 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11139 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 114 of 421

3;!

2

)D*! cp{! qvjgt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qt! Fgrctv.

3

ogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! itcpv/!

4

)3*! C

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

5

ujcnn! fgvgtokpg!cppwcnn{!yjkej! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn!uwd.

6

fkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg! ctg! pqv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjku!

7

ugevkqp! cpf! ujcnn! tgrqtv! uwej! fgvgtokpcvkqpu! vq! Eqp.

8

itguu! qp! Octej! 2! qh! gcej! {gct/!

9

)4*! T

/•Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn!

;

kuuwg! c! tgrqtv! eqpegtpkpi! vjg! eqornkcpeg! qh! cp{! rct.

21

vkewnct! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! cv! vjg! tgswguv! qh!

22

vjg! Jqwug! qt! Ugpcvg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg/! Cp{! lwtku.

23

fkevkqp! vjcv! ku! hqwpf! vq! dg! qwv! qh! eqornkcpeg! ujcnn! dg!

24

kpgnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg! Hgfgtcn! hkpcpekcn! cuukuvcpeg! cu!

25

rtqxkfgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! hqt! c! okpkowo! rgtkqf! qh!

26

2! {gct-! cpf! ujcnn! qpn{! dgeqog! gnkikdng! cickp! chvgt! vjg!

27

Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! egtvkhkgu! vjcv! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! ku! kp!

28

eqornkcpeg/!

29

)5*! T

/•Cp{! hwpfu! vjcv! ctg! pqv!

2;

cnnqecvgf! vq! c! Uvcvg! qt! vq! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

31

Uvcvg-! fwg! vq! vjg! hcknwtg! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! vjg! rqnkv.

32

kecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! uwd.

33

ugevkqp! )e*! ujcnn! dg! tgcnnqecvgf! vq! Uvcvgu-! qt! vq! rqnkv.

34

kecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! Uvcvgu-! vjcv! eqorn{! ykvj! uwej!

35

uwdugevkqp/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
559 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1113; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 115 of 421

41!

2

)g*! E

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! tg.

3 swktg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkekcnu! htqo! Uvcvgu-! qt! htqo! rqnkv.

4 kecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! Uvcvgu-! vq! tgrqtv! qt! cttguv! xkevkou! qt!

5 ykvpguugu!qh!c!etkokpcn!qhhgpug//!

6

)d*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

7 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

8 Cev-! gzegrv! vjcv! uwdugevkqp! )f*! qh! ugevkqp! 753! qh! vjg! Knngicn!

9 Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh!

; 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2484*-! cu! cffgf! d{! vjku! ugevkqp-! ujcnn! vcmg!

21 ghhgev! dgikppkpi! qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

22 qh!vjku!Cev/!

23 UGE/! 226/! ENCTKH[KPI! VJG! CWVJQTKV[! QH! KEG! FGVCKPGTU/!

24

Gzegrv! cu! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! d{! Hgfgtcn! ncy! qt! twng!

25 qh!rtqegfwtg-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!gzg.

26 ewvg! cnn! ncyhwn! ytkvu-! rtqeguu-! cpf! qtfgtu! kuuwgf! wpfgt! vjg!

27 cwvjqtkv{! qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!cpf!ujcnn!eqoocpf!cnn!pge.

28 guuct{!cuukuvcpeg!vq!gzgewvg!vjg!Ugetgvct{u!fwvkgu/!

29 VKVNG!KKPCVKQPCN!UGEWTKV[!

2; UGE/!312/!TGOQXCN!QH-!CPF!FGPKCN!QH!DGPGHKVU!VQ-!VGT.

31

TQTKUV!CNKGPU/!

32

)c*! C

/•Ugevkqp! 319)d*)3*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

33 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2269)d*)3*)C**! ku!

34 cogpfgf•!

35

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

36

Ugewtkv{! chvgt! kh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn=! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
560 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11141 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 116 of 421

42!

2

)3*! d{! cogpfkpi! encwug! )x*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

3

)x*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

4

itcrj! )D*)k*! qt! )H*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*-! wp.

5

nguu-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

6

rctcitcrj! )KX*-! )X*-! qt! )KZ*! qh! ugevkqp!

7

323)c*)4*)D*)k*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

8

Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fgvgt.

9

okpgu-! kp! vjg! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt!

;

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! vjcv! vjgtg! ctg! pqv! tgc.

21

uqpcdng! itqwpfu! hqt! tgictfkpi! vjg! cnkgp! cu!

22

c! fcpigt! vq! vjg! ugewtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

23

Uvcvgu=! qt/!

24

)d*! E

T

/•Ugevkqp! 351C)e*)5*!

25 qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;d)e*)5**!ku!cogpfgf•!

26

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kpcfokuukdng! wpfgt! cpf! kpugtv.

27

kpi! fguetkdgf! kp=! cpf!

28

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! fgrqtvcdng! wpfgt! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

29

fguetkdgf! kp/!

2;

)e*! X

F

/•Ugevkqp! 351D)d*)2*)E*!

31 qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e)d*)2*)E**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkm.

32 kpi! fgrqtvcdng! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*)C*)kkk*! qt! ugevkqp!

33 348)c*)5*=! cpf! kpugtvkpi! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj!

34 )3*)C*)kkk*!qt!)5*!qh!ugevkqp!348)c*=/!

35

)f*!T

T

/•Ugevkqp!352)d*)4*)D*!

36 qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)d*)4*)D**!ku!cogpfgf•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
561 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11142 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 117 of 421

43!

2

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

3

Ugewtkv{! chvgt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg! kv! cr.

4

rgctu=!

5

)3*! kp! encwug! )kkk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

6

)4*! kp! encwug! )kx*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg!

7

gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=!

8

)5*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kx*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

9

)x*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

;

itcrj! )D*)k*! qt! )H*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*-! wp.

21

nguu-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

22

rctcitcrj! )KX*-! )X*-! qt! )KZ*! qh! ugevkqp!

23

323)c*)4*)D*)k*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

24

Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fgvgt.

25

okpgu-! kp! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt! vjg!

26

Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! vjcv! vjgtg! ctg! pqv! tgcuqp.

27

cdng! itqwpfu! hqt! tgictfkpi! vjg! cnkgp! cu! c!

28

fcpigt! vq! vjg! ugewtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

29

Uvcvgu/=! cpf!

2;

)6*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! hkpcn! ugpvgpeg/!

31

)g*!T

C

/•!

32

)2*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 35;! qh! uwej! Cev! )9!

33

W/U/E/! 236;*! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
562 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11143 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 118 of 421

44!

2 

!

3

!

4

-! !

5

U /! 35;/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp!

6 vjg! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! cpf! wpfgt! uwej! tgiwncvkqpu!

7 cu! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! rtguetkdg-! oc{! gpvgt! c! tgeqtf! qh! ncy.

8 hwn! cfokuukqp! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp{!

9 cnkgp-! kh! pq! uwej! tgeqtf! ku! qvjgtykug! cxckncdng! cpf! vjg!

; cnkgp•!

21

)2*! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! dghqtg! Lcpwct{! 2-!

22

2;83=!

23

)3*! jcu! eqpvkpwqwun{! tgukfgf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

24

Uvcvgu! ukpeg! uwej! gpvt{=!

25

)4*! jcu! dggp! c! rgtuqp! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt!

26

ukpeg! uwej! gpvt{=!

27

)5*! ku! pqv! kpgnkikdng! hqt! ekvk|gpujkr=!

28

)6*! ku! pqv! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)C*)kx*-!

29

)3*-! )4*-! )7*)E*-! )7*)G*-! qt! )9*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*=! cpf!

2;

)7*! fkf! pqv-! cv! cp{! vkog-! ykvjqwv! tgcuqpcdng!

31

ecwug! hckn! qt! tghwug! vq! cvvgpf! qt! tgockp! kp! cvvgpfcpeg!

32

cv! c! rtqeggfkpi! vq! fgvgtokpg! vjg! cnkgpu! kpcfoku.

33

ukdknkv{! qt! fgrqtvcdknkv{/!

34 Uwej!tgeqtfcvkqp!ujcnn!dg!ghhgevkxg!cu!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!crrtqxcn!

35 qh! vjg! crrnkecvkqp! qt! cu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpvt{! kh! uwej! gpvt{!

36 qeewttgf!rtkqt!vq!Lwn{!2-!2;35//!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
563 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11144 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 119 of 421

45!

2

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

3

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cogpfkpi! vjg! kvgo!

4

tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 35;! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

Uge/ 35;/ Tgeqtf! qh! cfokuukqp! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! egtvckp! cnkgpu! yjq! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! rtkqt! vq! Lcpwct{! 2-! 2;83//!

5

)h*! G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{! vjku!

6 ugevkqp! ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev! qp!vjg! fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku! Cev!

7 cpf! ugevkqpu! 319)d*)3*)C*-! 323)c*-! 351C-! 351D-! 352)d*)4*-!

8 cpf! 35;! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! uq!

9 cogpfgf-!ujcnn!crrn{!vq•!

;

)2*! cnn! cnkgpu! kp! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenw.

21

ukqp! rtqeggfkpiu=!

22

)3*! cnn! crrnkecvkqpu! rgpfkpi! qp-! qt! hkngf! chvgt-!

23

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

24

)4*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnkgpu! cpf! crrnkecvkqpu! fg.

25

uetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! qt! )3*! qh! vjku! uwdugevkqp-! cevu!

26

cpf! eqpfkvkqpu! eqpuvkvwvkpi! c! itqwpf! hqt! gzenwukqp-!

27

fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! tgoqxcn! qeewttkpi! qt! gzkuvkpi! dghqtg-!

28

qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev/!

29 UGE/!313/!VGTTQTKUV!DCT!VQ!IQQF!OQTCN!EJCTCEVGT/!

2;

)c*! F

IO E

/•Uge.

31 vkqp! 212)h*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

32 W/U/E/!2212)h**!ku!cogpfgf•!

33

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

34

nqykpi<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
564 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11145 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 120 of 421

46!

2

)3*! qpg! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

3

tkv{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fgvgtokpgu! vq! jcxg! dggp! cv!

4

cp{! vkog! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*! qt!

5

348)c*)5*-! yjkej! fgvgtokpcvkqp! oc{! dg! dcugf! wrqp!

6

cp{! tgngxcpv! kphqtocvkqp! qt! gxkfgpeg-! kpenwfkpi! encu.

7

ukhkgf-! ugpukvkxg-! qt! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{! kphqtocvkqp==!

8

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )9*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! tgictfnguu!

9

yjgvjgt! vjg! etkog! ycu! encuukhkgf! cu! cp! ciitcxcvgf! hgn.

;

qp{! cv! vjg! vkog! qh! eqpxkevkqp-! gzegrv! vjcv! vjg! Uge.

21

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn!

22

oc{-! kp! vjg! wptgxkgycdng! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

23

qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! fgvgtokpg! vjcv! vjku! rctcitcrj!

24

ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c! ukping! ciitcxcvgf! hgn.

25

qp{! eqpxkevkqp! )qvjgt! vjcp! owtfgt-! ocpuncwijvgt-!

26

jqokekfg-! tcrg-! qt! cp{! ugz! qhhgpug! yjgp! vjg! xkevko! qh!

27

uwej! ugz! qhhgpug! ycu! c! okpqt*! hqt! yjkej! eqorngvkqp!

28

qh! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qt! vjg! ugpvgpeg! )yjkej.

29

gxgt! ku! ncvgt*! qeewttgf! 21! qt! oqtg! {gctu! rtkqt! vq! vjg!

2;

fcvg! qh! crrnkecvkqp! chvgt! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uwdugevkqp!

31

)c*)54**=! cpf!

32

)4*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! hqnnqykpi! rctcitcrj! );*-! d{!

33

uvtkmkpi! vjg! hktuv! ugpvgpeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

34

Vjg! hcev! vjcv! cp{! rgtuqp! ku! pqv! ykvjkp! cp{! qh! vjg!

35

hqtgiqkpi! encuugu! ujcnn! pqv! rtgenwfg! c! fkuetgvkqpct{!

36

hkpfkpi! hqt! qvjgt! tgcuqpu! vjcv! uwej! c! rgtuqp! ku! qt! ycu!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
565 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11146 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 121 of 421

47!

2

pqv! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt! vjg! Cv.

3

vqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! pqv! dg! nkokvgf! vq! vjg! crrnkecpvu!

4

eqpfwev! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! hqt! yjkej! iqqf! oqtcn! ejct.

5

cevgt! ku! tgswktgf-! dwv! oc{! vcmg! kpvq! eqpukfgtcvkqp! cu!

6

c! dcuku! hqt! fgvgtokpcvkqp! vjg! crrnkecpvu! eqpfwev! cpf!

7

cevu! cv! cp{! vkog/!

8

)d*! C

H /•Ugevkqp! 61;)d*! qh! vjg! Ko.

9 okitcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;1! )9! W/U/E/! 2212! pqvg*! ku! cogpfgf!

; vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

21

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

22 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! Pqxgodgt! 3;-! 2;;1-! cpf!

23 ujcnn!crrn{!vq!eqpxkevkqpu!qeewttkpi!dghqtg-!qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!

24 fcvg//!

25

)e*! V

E

K

!

26 T

C /•Ugevkqp! 6615)3*! qh! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tghqto!

27 cpf! Vgttqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh! 3115! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 219!

28 569*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! cpf! kp.

29 ugtvkpi!kpugtvkpi!chvgt!rctcitcrj!)9*/!

2;

)f*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

31 uwdugevkqpu!)c*!cpf!)d*!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcev.

32 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!cev!vjcv!qeewttgf!dghqtg-!

33 qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! crrnkecvkqp!

34 hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! qt! cp{! qvjgt! dgpghkv! qt! tgnkgh-! qt! cp{!

35 qvjgt! ecug! qt! ocvvgt! wpfgt! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! rgpfkpi!

36 qp! qt! hkngf! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/! Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! uwd.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
566 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11147 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 122 of 421

48!

2 ugevkqp! )e*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! cu! kh! gpcevgf! kp! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg!

3 Tghqto!cpf!Vgttqtkuo!Rtgxgpvkqp!Cev!qh!3115!)Rwdnke!Ncy!

4 219569*/!

5 UGE/!314/!VGTTQTKUV!DCT!VQ!PCVWTCNK\CVKQP/!

6

)c*!P

R

G

!

7P

U

/•Ugevkqp!427!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!

8 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2537*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv!

9 vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

;

)i*! R

G

P

U.

21 /•Pq! rgtuqp! ujcnn! dg! pcvwtcnk|gf! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

22 qh!Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! fgvgtokpgu! vq! jcxg! dggp! cv! cp{! vkog!

23 cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*! qt! 348)c*)5*/! Uwej!

24 fgvgtokpcvkqp!oc{!dg!dcugf!wrqp!cp{!tgngxcpv!kphqtocvkqp!

25 qt!gxkfgpeg-!kpenwfkpi!encuukhkgf-!ugpukvkxg-!qt!pcvkqpcn!ugew.

26 tkv{!kphqtocvkqp//!

27

)d*! E

P

T

!

28 R

/•Ugevkqp! 429! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

29 vkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!253;*!ku!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkmkpi!qvjgt!

2; Cev=!cpf!kpugtvkpi!qvjgt!Cev=!cpf!pq!crrnkecvkqp!hqt!pcv.

31 wtcnk|cvkqp! ujcnn! dg! eqpukfgtgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

32 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! cp{! eqwtv! kh! vjgtg! ku! rgpfkpi! cickpuv! vjg!

33 crrnkecpv! cp{! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpi! qt! qvjgt! rtqeggfkpi! vq!

34 fgvgtokpg! vjg! crrnkecpvu! kpcfokuukdknkv{! qt! fgrqtvcdknkv{-!

35 qt! vq! fgvgtokpg! yjgvjgt! vjg! crrnkecpvu! ncyhwn! rgtocpgpv!

36 tgukfgpv! uvcvwu! ujqwnf! dg! tguekpfgf-! tgictfnguu! qh! yjgp! uwej!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
567 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11148 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 123 of 421

49!

2 rtqeggfkpi! ycu! eqoogpegf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! vjg! hkpfkpiu! qh!

3 vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! kp! vgtokpcvkpi! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu!

4 qt! kp! ecpegnkpi! vjg! tgoqxcn! qh! cp! cnkgp! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg!

5 rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjku! Cev-! ujcnn! pqv! dg! fggogf! dkpfkpi! kp! cp{!

6 yc{!wrqp!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ykvj!tgurgev!

7 vq! vjg! swguvkqp! qh! yjgvjgt! uwej! rgtuqp! jcu! guvcdnkujgf! jku!

8 gnkikdknkv{!hqt!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!cu!tgswktgf!d{!vjku!vkvng=/!

9

)e*! R

F

T

R.

;

/•Ugevkqp! 315)d*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

21 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2265)d**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv!

22 vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!Pq!rgvkvkqp!ujcnn!dg!crrtqxgf!rwtuw.

23 cpv!vq!vjku!ugevkqp!kh!vjgtg!ku!cp{!cfokpkuvtcvkxg!qt!lwfkekcn!

24 rtqeggfkpi! )yjgvjgt! ekxkn! qt! etkokpcn*! rgpfkpi! cickpuv! vjg!

25 rgvkvkqpgt! vjcv! eqwnf! )yjgvjgt! fktgevn{! qt! kpfktgevn{*! tguwnv!

26 kp! vjg! rgvkvkqpgtu! fgpcvwtcnk|cvkqp! qt! vjg! nquu! qh! vjg! rgvk.

27 vkqpgtu!ncyhwn!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpv!uvcvwu//!

28

)f*! E

R

T

/•Ugevkqpu!

29 327)g*!cpf!ugevkqp!327C)g*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqp.

2; cnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2297c)g*!cpf!2297d)g**!ctg!gcej!cogpf.

31 gf! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! -! kh! vjg!

32 cnkgp! jcu! jcf! vjg! eqpfkvkqpcn! dcuku! tgoqxgf! rwtuwcpv! vq!

33 vjku!ugevkqp//!

34

)g*! F

E

L

/•Uwdugevkqp!

35 447)d*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

36 2558)d**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
568 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11149 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 124 of 421

4;!

2

)d*! Kh! vjgtg! ku! c! hcknwtg! vq! tgpfgt! c! hkpcn! cfokpkuvtc.

3 vkxg! fgekukqp! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 446! dghqtg! vjg! gpf! qh! vjg! 291.!

4 fc{! rgtkqf! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qp! yjkej! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

5 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! eqorngvgu! cnn! gzcokpcvkqpu! cpf! kpvgtxkgyu!

6 eqpfwevgf! wpfgt! uwej! ugevkqp-! cu! uwej! vgtou! ctg! fghkpgf! d{!

7 vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! rwtuwcpv! vq! tgiwnc.

8 vkqpu-! vjg! crrnkecpv! oc{! crrn{! vq! vjg! fkuvtkev! eqwtv! hqt! vjg!

9 fkuvtkev! kp! yjkej! vjg! crrnkecpv! tgukfgu! hqt! c! jgctkpi! qp! vjg!

; ocvvgt/! Uwej! eqwtv! ujcnn! qpn{! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgxkgy!

21 vjg! dcuku! hqt! fgnc{! cpf! tgocpf! vjg! ocvvgt! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

22 qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hqt! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! fgvgtokpcvkqp! qp!

23 vjg!crrnkecvkqp//!

24

)h*! E

C

/•Ugevkqp! 421)e*! qh! vjg!

25 Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2532)e**! ku!

26 cogpfgf•!

27

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv!

28

ku! 231! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

29

tkv{u! hkpcn! fgvgtokpcvkqp-! chvgt! uggm=! cpf!

2;

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! ugeqpf! ugpvgpeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

31

vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Vjg! dwtfgp! ujcnn! dg! wrqp! vjg! rgvk.

32

vkqpgt! vq! ujqy! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! fgpkcn! qh! vjg! crrnk.

33

ecvkqp! ycu! pqv! uwrrqtvgf! d{! hcekcnn{! ngikvkocvg! cpf!

34

dqpc! hkfg! tgcuqpu/! Gzegrv! kp! c! rtqeggfkpi! wpfgt! uge.

35

vkqp! 451-! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy!

36

)uvcvwvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 3352! qh!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
569 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1114; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 125 of 421

51!

2

vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqt.

3

rwu! rtqxkukqp-! cpf! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! uwej!

4

vkvng-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! fgvgtokpg-! qt!

5

vq! tgxkgy! c! fgvgtokpcvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ocfg! cv!

6

cp{! vkog! tgictfkpi-! yjgvjgt-! hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! cp! cr.

7

rnkecvkqp! hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-! cp! cnkgp! ku! c! rgtuqp! qh!

8

iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt-! yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp! wpfgtuvcpfu!

9

cpf! ku! cvvcejgf! vq! vjg! rtkpekrngu! qh! vjg! Eqpuvkvwvkqp!

;

qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! qt! yjgvjgt! cp! cnkgp! ku! ygnn! fku.

21

rqugf! vq! vjg! iqqf! qtfgt! cpf! jcrrkpguu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

22

Uvcvgu//!

23

)i*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

24 ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!

25 ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!cev!vjcv!qeewttgf!dghqtg-!qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!

26 fcvg-!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!crrnkecvkqp!hqt!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!

27 qt! cp{! qvjgt! ecug! qt! ocvvgt! wpfgt! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu!

28 rgpfkpi!qp-!qt!hkngf!chvgt-!uwej!fcvg/!

29 UGE/!315/!FGPCVWTCNK\CVKQP!HQT!VGTTQTKUVU/!

2;

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 451! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

31 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!ku!cogpfgf•!

32

)2*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdugevkqpu! )h*! vjtqwij! )j*!

33

cu! uwdugevkqpu! )i*! vjtqwij! )k*-! tgurgevkxgn{=! cpf!

34

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdugevkqp! )g*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

35

)h*)2*! Kh! c! rgtuqp! yjq! jcu! dggp! pcvwtcnk|gf! rctvkek.

36 rcvgu! kp! cp{! cev! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
570 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11151 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 126 of 421

52!

2 Igpgtcn! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! hkpf! vjcv-! cu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej!

3 pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-! uwej! rgtuqp! ycu! pqv! cvvcejgf! vq! vjg! rtkp.

4 ekrngu! qh! vjg! Eqpuvkvwvkqp! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! ycu! pqv!

5 ygnn!fkurqugf!vq!vjg!iqqf!qtfgt!cpf!jcrrkpguu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!

6 Uvcvgu!cv!vjg!vkog!qh!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-!cpf!wrqp!uwej!hkpfkpi!

7 ujcnn! ugv! cukfg! vjg! qtfgt! cfokvvkpi! uwej! rgtuqp! vq! ekvk|gp.

8 ujkr! cpf! ecpegn! vjg! egtvkhkecvg! qh! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! cu! jcxkpi!

9 dggp!qdvckpgf! d{! eqpegcnogpv! qh! c!ocvgtkcn! hcev! qt!d{! yknn.

; hwn!okutgrtgugpvcvkqp-!cpf!uwej!tgxqecvkqp!cpf!ugvvkpi!cukfg!

21 qh! vjg! qtfgt! cfokvvkpi! uwej! rgtuqp! vq! ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! uwej!

22 ecpegnkpi! qh! egtvkhkecvg! qh! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! ujcnn! dg! ghhgevkxg!

23 cu! qh! vjg! qtkikpcn! fcvg! qh! vjg! qtfgt! cpf! egtvkhkecvg-! tgurge.

24 vkxgn{/!

25

)3*! Vjg! cevu! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj! ctg! vjg! hqn.

26 nqykpi<!

27

)C*! Cp{! cevkxkv{! c! rwtrqug! qh! yjkej! ku! vjg! qr.

28

rqukvkqp!vq-! qt!vjg!eqpvtqn! qt!qxgtvjtqy! qh-! vjg! Iqxgtp.

29

ogpv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! d{! hqteg-! xkqngpeg-! qt! qvjgt!

2;

wpncyhwn! ogcpu/!

31

)D*! Gpicikpi! kp! c! vgttqtkuv! cevkxkv{! )cu! fghkpgf!

32

kp! encwugu! )kkk*! cpf! )kx*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*)D**/!

33

)E*! Kpekvgogpv! qh! vgttqtkuv! cevkxkv{! wpfgt! ekt.

34

ewouvcpegu! kpfkecvkpi! cp! kpvgpvkqp! vq! ecwug! fgcvj! qt!

35

ugtkqwu! dqfkn{! jcto/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
571 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11152 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 127 of 421

53!

2

)F*! Tgegkxkpi! oknkvct{.v{rg! vtckpkpi! )cu! fg.

3

hkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 344;F)e*)2*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

4

Eqfg*! htqo! qt! qp! dgjcnh! qh! cp{! qticpk|cvkqp! vjcv-! cv!

5

vjg! vkog! vjg! vtckpkpi! ycu! tgegkxgf-! ycu! c! vgttqtkuv! qt.

6

icpk|cvkqp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*)D*)xk**//!

7

)d*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!uwd.

8 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

9 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! qp! qt! chvgt!

; uwej!fcvg/!

21 UGE/! 316/! WUG! QH! 2;97! KTEC! NGICNK\CVKQP! KPHQTOCVKQP!

22

HQT!PCVKQPCN!UGEWTKV[!RWTRQUGU/!

23

)c*! U

C

Y

/•Ugevkqp!

24 321)d*)7*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

25 W/U/E/!2271)d*)7**!ku!cogpfgf•!

26

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

27

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

28

ncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

29

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Fgrctv.

2;

ogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

31

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-=!

32

)4*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*! cpf! )F*!

33

cu! uwdrctcitcrju! )F*! cpf! )G*-! tgurgevkxgn{=!

34

)5*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*! vjg! hqn.

35

nqykpi<!

36

)E*! C

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ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
572 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11153 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 128 of 421

54!

2

)k*! E

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

3

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-! kp! jku!

4

fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg! hwtpkujkpi! qh! kphqtocvkqp!

5

hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp! vjg! ucog!

6

ocppgt! cpf! ektewouvcpegu! cu! egpuwu! kphqt.

7

ocvkqp! oc{! dg! fkuenqugf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 9! qh!

8

vkvng! 24-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg/!

9

)kk*! P

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Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{!

21

rtqxkfg-! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg! hwt.

22

pkujkpi-! wug-! rwdnkecvkqp-! qt! tgngcug! qh! kphqt.

23

ocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp! cp{!

24

kpxguvkicvkqp-! ecug-! qt! ocvvgt-! qt! hqt! cp{!

25

rwtrqug-! tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo-! pcvkqpcn! kp.

26

vgnnkigpeg! qt! vjg! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{/=! cpf!

27

)6*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*-! cu! tgfgukipcvgf-! d{!

28

uvtkmkpi! Ugtxkeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

29

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

2;

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31

T

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2;97/•Ugevkqp!

32 356C)e*)6*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

33 W/U/E/!2366c)e*)6**-!ku!cogpfgf•!

34

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

35

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

36

ncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
573 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11154 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 129 of 421

55!

2

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Fgrctv.

3

ogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

4

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-=!

5

)4*! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*! vq! tgcf! cu!

6

hqnnqyu<!

7

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qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-! kp! jku!

;

fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg! hwtpkujkpi! qh! kphqtocvkqp!

21

hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp! vjg! ucog!

22

ocppgt! cpf! ektewouvcpegu! cu! egpuwu! kphqt.

23

ocvkqp! oc{! dg! fkuenqugf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 9! qh!

24

vkvng! 24-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg/!

25

)kk*! P

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26

Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{!

27

rtqxkfg-! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg! hwt.

28

pkujkpi-! wug-! rwdnkecvkqp-! qt! tgngcug! qh! kphqt.

29

ocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp! cp{!

2;

kpxguvkicvkqp-! ecug-! qt! ocvvgt-! qt! hqt! cp{!

31

rwtrqug-! tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo-! pcvkqpcn! kp.

32

vgnnkigpeg! qt! vjg! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{/=! cpf!

33

)5*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*)k*-! uvtkmkpi! Ugtxkeg!

34

cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
574 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11155 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 130 of 421

56! 2 UGE/!317/!DCEMITQWPF!CPF!UGEWTKV[!EJGEMU/!

3

)c*! T

VE

D

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5 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2214*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv!

6 vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

7

)j*!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy!)uvcv.

8 wvqt{!qt!pqpuvcvwvqt{*-!kpenwfkpi!dwv!pqv!nkokvgf!vq!ugevkqp!

9 41;!qh!Rwdnke!Ncy!218284-!ugevkqpu!2472!cpf!2762!qh!vkvng!

; 39-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!cpf!ugevkqp!817)2*!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!

21 Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! pgkvjgt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-!

22 vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!pqt!cp{!eqwtv!oc{•!

23

)2*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkecvkqp!

24

qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! vq! vjcv! qh!

25

cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg=!

26

)3*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkecvkqp!

27

qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ekvk|gpujkr! qt! cp{!

28

qvjgt! uvcvwu-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-! gornq{.

29

ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv! wpfgt! vjg! kook.

2;

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31

)4*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkecvkqp!

32

qh-! cp{! kookitcpv! qt! pqpkookitcpv! rgvkvkqp=! qt!

33

)5*! kuuwg! qt! qtfgt! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! fqew.

34

ogpvcvkqp! gxkfgpekpi! qt! tgncvgf! vq! cp{! uwej! itcpv-!

35

wpvkn! uwej! dcemitqwpf! cpf! ugewtkv{! ejgemu! cu! vjg! Uge.

36

tgvct{! oc{! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp! tgswktg! jcxg! dggp! eqo.

37

rngvgf! qt! wrfcvgf! vq! vjg! ucvkuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{/!

•JT! 3389! TJ
575 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11156 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 131 of 421

57!

2

)k*! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcv.

3 wvqt{!qt!pqpuvcvwvqt{*-!kpenwfkpi!dwv!pqv!nkokvgf!vq!ugevkqp!

4 41;!qh!Rwdnke!Ncy!218284-!ugevkqpu!2472!cpf!2762!qh!vkvng!

5 39-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!cpf!ugevkqp!817)2*!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!

6 Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! pgkvjgt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

7 pqt!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!oc{!dg!tgswktgf!vq•!

8

)2*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkecvkqp!

9

qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! vq! vjcv! qh!

;

cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg-!

21

)3*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkecvkqp!

22

qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ekvk|gpujkr! qt! cp{!

23

qvjgt! uvcvwu-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-! gornq{.

24

ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv! wpfgt! vjg! kook.

25

itcvkqp! ncyu-!

26

)4*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkecvkqp!

27

qh-! cp{! kookitcpv! qt! pqpkookitcpv! rgvkvkqp-! qt!

28

)5*! kuuwg! qt! qtfgt! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! fqew.

29

ogpvcvkqp! gxkfgpekpi! qt! tgncvgf! vq! cp{! uwej! itcpv-!

2;

wpvkn! cp{! uwurgevgf! qt! cnngigf! ocvgtkcnn{! hcnug! kphqt.

31

ocvkqp-! ocvgtkcn! okutgrtgugpvcvkqp! qt! qokuukqp-! eqp.

32

egcnogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn! hcev-! htcwf! qt! hqtigt{-! eqwpvgt.

33

hgkvkpi-! qt! cnvgtcvkqp-! qt! hcnukhkecvkqp! qh! c! fqewogpv-!

34

cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! cflw.

35

fkecvkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! qt! rgvkvkqp! hqt! cp{! uvcvwu!

36

)kpenwfkpi! vjg! itcpvkpi! qh! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu*-! tg.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
576 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11157 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 132 of 421

58!

2

nkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv! wpfgt!

3

vjku! uwdugevkqp! jcu! dggp! kpxguvkicvgf! cpf! tguqnxgf! vq!

4

vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ucvkuhcevkqp/!

5

)l*! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcv.

6 wvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 41;! qh! vjg! Gp.

7 jcpegf! Dqtfgt! Ugewtkv{! cpf! Xkuc! Gpvt{! Tghqto! Cev! )9!

8 W/U/E/! 2849*-! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf!

9 Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

; Eqfg-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgswktg! cp{! qh! vjg!

21 cevu! kp! uwdugevkqp! )j*! qt! )k*! vq! dg! eqorngvgf! d{! c! egtvckp!

22 vkog! qt! cyctf! cp{! tgnkgh! hqt! hcknwtg! vq! eqorngvg! qt! fgnc{!

23 kp!eqorngvkpi!uwej!cevu//!

24

)d*!E

/•!

25

)2*! K

/•Ejcrvgt! 5! qh! vkvng! KKK! qh! vjg!

26

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2612! gv!

27

ugs/*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

28



!

29

U /! 473/! )c*! K I

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! Cev! qt!

2; cp{! qvjgt! ncy-! gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )f*-! ujcnn!

31 dg!eqpuvtwgf!vq!tgswktg!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{-!

32 vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg-! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

33 qh! Ncdqt-! qt! c! eqpuwnct! qhhkegt! vq! itcpv! cp{! crrnkecvkqp-!

34 crrtqxg! cp{! rgvkvkqp-! qt! itcpv! qt! eqpvkpwg! cp{! tgnkgh-! rtq.

35 vgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-! gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! qt! cp{!

36 qvjgt! uvcvwu! qt! dgpghkv! wpfgt! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! d{-! vq-!

37 qt!qp!dgjcnh!qh•!

•JT! 3389! TJ
577 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11158 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 133 of 421

59!

2

)2*! cp{! cnkgp! fggogf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! dg! fg.

3

uetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*! qt! ugevkqp! 348)c*)5*=! qt!

4

)3*! cp{! cnkgp! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjqo! c! etkokpcn!

5

qt! qvjgt! rtqeggfkpi! qt! kpxguvkicvkqp! ku! qrgp! qt! rgpf.

6

kpi! )kpenwfkpi-! dwv! pqv! nkokvgf! vq-! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp! ct.

7

tguv! ycttcpv-! fgvckpgt-! qt! kpfkevogpv*-! yjgtg! uwej!

8

rtqeggfkpi! qt! kpxguvkicvkqp! ku! fggogf! d{! vjg! qhhkekcn!

9

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! vq! dg! ocvgtkcn! vq! vjg!

;

cnkgpu! gnkikdknkv{! hqt! vjg! uvcvwu! qt! dgpghkv! uqwijv/!

21

)d*! F

Y

C

/•!

22 Cp! qhhkekcn! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! oc{-! kp! vjg! fkuetg.

23 vkqp! qh! vjg! qhhkekcn-! fgp{! )ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp! cnkgp!fguetkdgf!

24 kp!rctcitcrj!)2*!qt!)3*!qh!uwdugevkqp!)c**!qt!ykvjjqnf!cflw.

25 fkecvkqp! qh! rgpfkpi! tguqnwvkqp! qh! vjg! kpxguvkicvkqp! qt! ecug!

26 )ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*! qh!

27 vjku! ugevkqp*! cp{! crrnkecvkqp-! rgvkvkqp-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp!

28 htqo! tgoqxcn-! gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! uvcvwu! qt! dgpghkv/!

29

)e*! L

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtq.

2; xkukqp! qh!ncy!)uvcvwvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp!

31 41;! qh! vjg! Gpjcpegf! Dqtfgt! Ugewtkv{! cpf! Xkuc! Gpvt{! Tg.

32 hqto! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2849*-! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! vkvng!

33 39-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!cpf!ugevkqp!817)2*!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!

34 Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgxkgy! c!

35 fgekukqp! vq! fgp{! qt! ykvjjqnf! cflwfkecvkqp! rwtuwcpv! vq! uwd.

36 ugevkqp!)d*!qh!vjku!ugevkqp/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
578 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11159 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 134 of 421

2

)f*! Y

5;!

T

V

E.

3

/•Vjku! ugevkqp! fqgu!pqv!nkokv! qt!oqfkh{!vjg! crrnk.

4 ecdknkv{! qh!ugevkqp!352)d*)4*!qt!vjg! Wpkvgf!Pcvkqpu!Eqpxgp.

5 vkqp!Cickpuv!Vqtvwtg!cpf!Qvjgt!Etwgn-!Kpjwocp!qt!Fgitcf.

6 kpi! Vtgcvogpv! qt! Rwpkujogpv-! uwdlgev! vq! cp{! tgugtxcvkqpu-!

7 wpfgtuvcpfkpiu-! fgenctcvkqpu! cpf! rtqxkuqu! eqpvckpgf! kp! vjg!

8 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Ugpcvg! tguqnwvkqp! qh! tcvkhkecvkqp! qh! vjg! Eqp.

9 xgpvkqp-! cu! korngogpvgf! d{! ugevkqp! 3353! qh! vjg! Hqtgkip! Ch.

; hcktu! Tghqto! cpf! Tguvtwevwtkpi! Cev! qh! 2;;9! )Rwdnke! Ncy!

21 216388*!ykvj!tgurgev!vq!cp!cnkgp!qvjgtykug!gnkikdng!hqt!rtq.

22 vgevkqp!wpfgt!uwej!rtqxkukqpu//!

23

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

24

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vjg!

25

kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 472! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

Uge/ 473/ Eqpuvtwevkqp//!

26

)e*! G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

27 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

28 Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! crrnkecvkqpu! hqt! kookitcvkqp! dgpg.

29 hkvu!rgpfkpi!qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

2; UGE/! 318/! VGEJPKECN! COGPFOGPVU! TGNCVKPI! VQ! VJG! KP.

31

VGNNKIGPEG! TGHQTO! CPF! VGTTQTKUO! RTG.

32

XGPVKQP!CEV!QH!3115/!

33

)c*! V

Y

XR

/•Ugevkqp!

34 831;)f*! qh! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tghqto! cpf! Vgttqtkuo! Rtgxgp.

35 vkqp! Cev! qh! 3115! )9! W/U/E/! 2296! pqvg*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkm.

36 kpi! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! kp! eqplwpevkqp! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

•JT! 3389! TJ
579 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1115; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 135 of 421

61!

2 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

3 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

4 Uvcvg-/!

5

)d*! V

C

F

!

6 R /•Ugevkqp! 8312)e*)2*! qh! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kp.

7 ugtvkpi! cpf! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Uvcvg! chvgt! wugf! d{! vjg!

8 Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

9

VKVNG!KKKTGOQXCN!QH!

;

ETKOKPCN!CNKGPU!

21 UGE/!412/!FGHKPKVKQP!QH!CIITCXCVGF!HGNQP[/!

22

)c*! F

C

H /•Ugevkqp!

23 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

24 W/U/E/!2212)c*)54**!ku!cogpfgf•!

25

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Vjg! vgto! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{!

26

ogcpu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt!

27

rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! vjg! vgto! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{! crrnkgu!

28

vq! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj-! yjgvjgt! kp!

29

xkqncvkqp! qh! Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! ncy-! qt! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh!

2;

vjg! ncy! qh! c! hqtgkip! eqwpvt{! hqt! yjkej! vjg! vgto! qh! ko.

31

rtkuqpogpv! ycu! eqorngvgf! ykvjkp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! 26!

32

{gctu-! gxgp! kh! vjg! ngpivj! qh! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv!

33

hqt! vjg! qhhgpug! ku! dcugf! qp! tgekfkxkuv! qt! qvjgt! gpjcpeg.

34

ogpvu! cpf! tgictfnguu! qh! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! ycu!

35

gpvgtgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 2;;7-! cpf!

36

ogcpu=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
580 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11161 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 136 of 421

62!

2

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! owtfgt-!

3

tcrg-! qt! ugzwcn! cdwug! qh! c! okpqt=! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

4

owtfgt-! ocpuncwijvgt-! jqokekfg-! tcrg! )yjgvjgt! vjg!

5

xkevko! ycu! eqpuekqwu! qt! wpeqpuekqwu*-! qt! cp{! qhhgpug!

6

qh! c! ugzwcn! pcvwtg! kpxqnxkpi! c! xkevko! wpfgt! vjg! cig!

7

qh! 29! {gctu==!

8

)4*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! 3363!

9

cpf! kpugtvkpi! 3363-! qt! 3363C/!

;

)5*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )H*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cv! ngcuv!

21

qpg! {gct=! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ku! cv! ngcuv! qpg! {gct-! gzegrv!

22

vjcv! kh! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! gu.

23

vcdnkuj! yjgvjgt! c! etkog! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xkq.

24

ngpeg-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! eqpukfgt! qvjgt! gxk.

25

fgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! vjcv! engctn{! guvcdnkujgu!

26

vjcv! vjg! eqpfwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf! eqp.

27

uvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg=!

28

)6*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )P*•!

29

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )2*)C*! qt! )3*!

2;

qh=! cpf!

31

)D*! d{! kpugtvkpi! c! ugokeqnqp! cv! vjg! gpf=!

32

)7*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )Q*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp!

33

386)c*! qt! 387! eqookvvgf! d{! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ycu! rtg.

34

xkqwun{! fgrqtvgf! qp! vjg! dcuku! qh! c! eqpxkevkqp! hqt! cp!

35

qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! cpqvjgt! uwdrctcitcrj! qh! vjku!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
581 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11162 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 137 of 421

63!

2

rctcitcrj! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 386! qt! 387! hqt!

3

yjkej! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! ku! cv! ngcuv! 2! {gct=!

4

)8*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cv.

5

vgorv! qt! eqpurktce{! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp!

6

vjku! rctcitcrj! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cvvgorvkpi! qt! eqp.

7

urktkpi! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctc.

8

itcrj-! qt! ckfkpi-! cdgvvkpi-! eqwpugnkpi-! rtqewtkpi-!

9

eqoocpfkpi-! kpfwekpi-! qt! uqnkekvkpi! vjg! eqookuukqp!

;

qh! uwej! cp! qhhgpug=! cpf!

21

)9*!d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! wpfgukipcvgf!ocvvgt! hqnnqykpi!

22

uwdrctcitcrj! )W*/!

23

)d*! G

F =! C

C.

24

/•!

25

)2*! K

/•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

26

uwdugevkqp! )c*•!

27

)C*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

28

ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

29

)D*! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! cev! qt! eqpxkevkqp!

2;

vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

31

)3*! C

/•Vjg!

32

cogpfogpvu! vq! ugevkqp! 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

33

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)54**! ocfg! d{!

34

ugevkqp! 432! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf!

35

Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )fkxkukqp! E! qh!

36

Rwdnke! Ncy! 215319=! 221! Uvcv/! 411;.738*! ujcnn! eqp.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
582 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11163 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 138 of 421

64!

2

vkpwg! vq! crrn{-! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! ycu! gpvgtgf! dg.

3

hqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 2;;7/!

4 UGE/! 413/! RTGENWFKPI! CFOKUUKDKNKV[! QH! CNKGPU! EQP.

5

XKEVGF! QH! CIITCXCVGF! HGNQPKGU! QT!

6

QVJGT!UGTKQWU!QHHGPUGU/!

7

)c*! K

E

T

!

8I

=! Y

/•Ugevkqp! 323! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

9 Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2293*!ku!cogpfgf•!

;

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*)k*•!

21

)C*! kp! uwdencwug! )K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

22

gpf=!

23

)D*! kp! uwdencwug! )KK*-! d{! cffkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

24

gpf=! cpf!

25

)E*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdencwug! )KK*! vjg! hqn.

26

nqykpi<!

27

)KKK*! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! )qt! c! eqp.

28

urktce{! qt! cvvgorv! vq! xkqncvg*! cp! qh.

29

hgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 519! qh! vkvng!

2;

53-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq! uq.

31

ekcn! ugewtkv{! ceeqwpv! pwodgtu! qt! uqekcn!

32

ugewtkv{! ectfu*! qt! ugevkqp! 2139! qh! vkvng!

33

29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq!

34

htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp! eqppge.

35

vkqp! ykvj! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! fqewogpvu-! cw.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
583 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11164 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 139 of 421

65!

2

vjgpvkecvkqp! hgcvwtgu-! cpf! kphqtoc.

3

vkqp*-/!

4

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! qh! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*! vjg!

5

hqnnqykpi<!

6

)L*! R

!

7

/•Cp{! cnkgp! eqp.

8

xkevgf! qh-! qt! yjq! cfokvu! jcxkpi! eqookvvgf-! qt!

9

yjq! cfokvu! eqookvvkpi! cevu! yjkej! eqpuvkvwvg! vjg!

;

guugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh-! c! xkqncvkqp! qh-! qt! cp! cv.

21

vgorv! qt! c! eqpurktce{! vq! xkqncvg-! uwdugevkqp! )c*!

22

qt! )d*! qh! ugevkqp! 2536! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

23

Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! rtqewtgogpv! qh! ekvk|gpujkr!

24

qt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! wpncyhwnn{*! ku! kpcfokuukdng/!

25

)M*! E

/•Cp{!

26

cnkgp! yjq! cv! cp{! vkog! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! wpfgt!

27

cp{! ncy! qh-! qt! yjq! cfokvu! jcxkpi! eqookvvgf! qt!

28

cfokvu! eqookvvkpi! cevu! yjkej! eqpuvkvwvg! vjg! gu.

29

ugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh-! rwtejcukpi-! ugnnkpi-! qhhgtkpi!

2;

hqt! ucng-! gzejcpikpi-! wukpi-! qypkpi-! rquuguukpi-!

31

qt! ectt{kpi-! qt! qh! cvvgorvkpi! qt! eqpurktkpi! vq!

32

rwtejcug-! ugnn-! qhhgt! hqt! ucng-! gzejcpig-! wug-! qyp-!

33

rquuguu-! qt! ectt{-! cp{! ygcrqp-! rctv-! qt! ceeguuqt{!

34

yjkej! ku! c! hktgcto! qt! fguvtwevkxg! fgxkeg! )cu! fg.

35

hkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! ;32)c*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

36

Eqfg*! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! cp{! ncy! ku! kpcfokuukdng/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
584 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11165 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 140 of 421

66!

2

)N*! C

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq!

3

jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! cp! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{! cv!

4

cp{! vkog! ku! kpcfokuukdng/!

5

)O*! E

-!

6

-!

.

7

-!

/•!

8

)k*! F

-!

-!

9

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq! cv! cp{!

;

vkog! ku! eqpxkevgf! qh-! qt! yjq! cfokvu! jcxkpi!

21

eqookvvgf! qt! cfokvu! eqookvvkpi! cevu! yjkej!

22

eqpuvkvwvg! vjg! guugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh-! c! etkog!

23

qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg-! c! etkog! qh! uvcnmkpi-! qt!

24

c! etkog! qh! ejknf! cdwug-! ejknf! pgingev-! qt!

25

ejknf! cdcpfqpogpv! ku! kpcfokuukdng/! Hqt!

26

rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! encwug-! vjg! vgto! etkog! qh!

27

fqoguvke! xkqngpeg! ogcpu! cp{! etkog! qh! xkq.

28

ngpeg! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 27! qh! vkvng! 29-!

29

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*! cickpuv! c! rgtuqp! eqo.

2;

okvvgf! d{! c! ewttgpv! qt! hqtogt! urqwug! qh! vjg!

31

rgtuqp-! d{! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj! yjqo! vjg!

32

rgtuqp! ujctgu! c! ejknf! kp! eqooqp-! d{! cp! kp.

33

fkxkfwcn! yjq! ku! eqjcdkvkpi! ykvj! qt! jcu!

34

eqjcdkvgf! ykvj! vjg! rgtuqp! cu! c! urqwug-! d{!

35

cp! kpfkxkfwcn! ukoknctn{! ukvwcvgf! vq! c! urqwug!

36

qh! vjg! rgtuqp! wpfgt! vjg! fqoguvke! qt! hcokn{!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
585 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11166 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 141 of 421

67!

2

xkqngpeg! ncyu! qh! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! yjgtg! vjg!

3

qhhgpug! qeewtu-! qt! d{! cp{! qvjgt! kpfkxkfwcn!

4

cickpuv! c! rgtuqp! yjq! ku! rtqvgevgf! htqo! vjcv!

5

kpfkxkfwcnu! cevu! wpfgt! vjg! fqoguvke! qt! hco.

6

kn{! xkqngpeg! ncyu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt!

7

cp{! Uvcvg-! Kpfkcp! vtkdcn! iqxgtpogpv-! qt!

8

wpkv! qh! nqecn! qt! hqtgkip! iqxgtpogpv/!

9

)kk*! X

.

;

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq! cv! cp{! vkog! ku! gp.

21

lqkpgf! wpfgt! c! rtqvgevkqp! qtfgt! kuuwgf! d{! c!

22

eqwtv! cpf! yjqo! vjg! eqwtv! fgvgtokpgu! jcu!

23

gpicigf! kp! eqpfwev! vjcv! xkqncvgu! vjg! rqtvkqp!

24

qh! c! rtqvgevkqp! qtfgt! vjcv! kpxqnxgu! rtqvge.

25

vkqp! cickpuv! etgfkdng! vjtgcvu! qh! xkqngpeg-! tg.

26

rgcvgf! jctcuuogpv-! qt! dqfkn{! kplwt{! vq! vjg!

27

rgtuqp! qt! rgtuqpu! hqt! yjqo! vjg! rtqvgevkqp!

28

qtfgt! ycu! kuuwgf! ku! kpcfokuukdng/! Hqt! rwt.

29

rqugu! qh! vjku! encwug-! vjg! vgto! rtqvgevkqp!

2;

qtfgt! ogcpu! cp{! kplwpevkqp! kuuwgf! hqt! vjg!

31

rwtrqug! qh! rtgxgpvkpi! xkqngpv! qt! vjtgcvgpkpi!

32

cevu! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg-! kpenwfkpi! vgo.

33

rqtct{! qt! hkpcn! qtfgtu! kuuwgf! d{! ekxkn! qt!

34

etkokpcn! eqwtvu! )qvjgt! vjcp! uwrrqtv! qt! ejknf!

35

ewuvqf{! qtfgtu! qt! rtqxkukqpu*! yjgvjgt! qd.

36

vckpgf! d{! hknkpi! cp! kpfgrgpfgpv! cevkqp! qt!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
586 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11167 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 142 of 421

68!

2

cu! c! kpfgrgpfgpv! qtfgt! kp! cpqvjgt! rtq.

3

eggfkpi/!

4

)kkk*! Y

/•Vjg!

5

yckxgt! cwvjqtkv{! cxckncdng! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

6

348)c*)8*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! ugevkqp!

7

348)c*)3*)G*)k*! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! qp! c! eqo.

8

rctcdng! dcuku! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjku! uwdrctc.

9

itcrj/!

;

)kx*! E

/•Kh! vjg! eqpxke.

21

vkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! guvcdnkuj!

22

yjgvjgt! c! etkog! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg! eqp.

23

uvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg! )cu! fghkpgf! kp!

24

ugevkqp! 27! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*-!

25

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! eqpukfgt! qvjgt!

26

gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! vjcv! engct.

27

n{! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg! eqpfwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg!

28

cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xk.

29

qngpeg/=! cpf!

2;

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )j*•!

31

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Vjg! Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn! oc{-!

32

kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! yckxg! vjg! crrnkecvkqp! qh! uwd.

33

rctcitcrju! )C*)k*)K*-! )D*-! )F*-! cpf! )G*! qh! uwd.

34

ugevkqp! )c*)3*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igp.

35

gtcn! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{-!

36

kp! vjg! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt! vjg!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
587 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11168 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 143 of 421

69!

2

Ugetgvct{-! yckxg! vjg! crrnkecvkqp! qh! uwdrctc.

3

itcrju! )C*)k*)K*-! )KKK*-! )D*-! )F*-! )G*-! )M*-! cpf!

4

)O*! qh! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*=!

5

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! c! etkokpcn! cev! kpxqnxkpi!

6

vqtvwtg/! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! etkokpcn! cev! kpxqnxkpi!

7

vqtvwtg-! qt! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! cp! ciitcxcvgf!

8

hgnqp{/=!

9

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kh! gkvjgt! ukpeg! vjg! fcvg! qh!

;

uwej! cfokuukqp! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh!

21

cp! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{! qt! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

22

kh! ukpeg! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! cfokuukqp! vjg! cnkgp=!

23

cpf!

24

)F*! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

25

Ugewtkv{! chvgt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej!

26

rnceg! kv! crrgctu/!

27

)d*! F

=! E

Q

/•Ugevkqp!

28 348)c*)4*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

29 W/U/E/!2338)c*)4*)D**!ku!cogpfgf•!

2;

)2*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

31

)3*! kp! encwug! )kkk*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

32

cpf!

33

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kkk*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

34

)kx*! qh! c! xkqncvkqp! qh-! qt! cp! cvvgorv!

35

qt! c! eqpurktce{! vq! xkqncvg-! ugevkqp! 2536)c*!

36

qt! )d*! qh! vkvng! 29! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! rtqewtg.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
588 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11169 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 144 of 421

6;!

2

ogpv! qh! ekvk|gpujkr! qt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! wp.

3

ncyhwnn{*-/!

4

)e*! F

=! E

Q

/•Ugevkqp!

5 348)c*)3*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

6 W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

7 hqnnqykpi<!

8

)I*! H

.

9

!

;

/•Cp{! cnkgp!

21

yjq! cv! cp{! vkog! chvgt! cfokuukqp! jcu! dggp! eqp.

22

xkevgf! qh! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! )qt! c! eqpurktce{! qt! cv.

23

vgorv! vq! xkqncvg*! ugevkqp! 319! qh! vjg! Uqekcn! Ugew.

24

tkv{! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 519*! )tgncvkpi! vq! uqekcn! ugew.

25

tkv{! ceeqwpv! pwodgtu! qt! uqekcn! ugewtkv{! ectfu*! qt!

26

ugevkqp! 2139! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tg.

27

ncvkpi! vq! htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp! eqppge.

28

vkqp! ykvj! kfgpvkhkecvkqp*! ku! fgrqtvcdng//!

29

)f*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

2; ugevkqp!ujcnn!crrn{•!

31

)2*! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

32

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

33

)3*! vq! cnn! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! tgswktgf! vq! guvcdnkuj! cf.

34

okuukdknkv{! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! kp! cnn! tgoqxcn-!

35

fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu! vjcv! ctg! hkngf-!

36

rgpfkpi-! qt! tgqrgpgf-! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
589 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1116; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 145 of 421

71!

2

)g*! E

/•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! uwd.

3 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! pqv! dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! etgcvg! gnkikdknkv{! hqt!

4 tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn! wpfgt! hqtogt! ugevkqp! 323)e*! qh! vjg! Ko.

5 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! yjgtg! uwej! gnkikdknkv{! fkf!

6 pqv!gzkuv!dghqtg!vjgug!cogpfogpvu!dgecog!ghhgevkxg/!

7 UGE/!414/!GURKQPCIG!ENCTKHKECVKQP/!

8

Ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqp.

9 cnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)4*)C**-! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf! cu!

; hqnnqyu<!

21

)C*! K

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq! c! eqp.

22

uwnct! qhhkegt-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! qt! vjg! Uge.

23

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! mpqyu-! qt! jcu! tgc.

24

uqpcdng! itqwpf! vq! dgnkgxg-! uggmu! vq! gpvgt! vjg!

25

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq! gpicig! uqngn{-! rtkpekrcnn{-! qt!

26

kpekfgpvcnn{! kp-! qt! yjq! ku!gpicigf! kp-! qt! ykvj! tg.

27

urgev! vq! encwugu! )k*! cpf! )kkk*! qh! vjku! uwdrctc.

28

itcrj! jcu! gpicigf! kp•!

29

)k*! cp{! cevkxkv{!

2;

)K*! vq! xkqncvg! cp{! ncy! qh! vjg!

31

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! tgncvkpi! vq! gurkqpcig! qt!

32

ucdqvcig=! qt!

33

)KK*! vq! xkqncvg! qt! gxcfg! cp{! ncy!

34

rtqjkdkvkpi! vjg! gzrqtv! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf!

35

Uvcvgu! qh! iqqfu-! vgejpqnqi{-! qt! ugpukvkxg!

36

kphqtocvkqp=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
590 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11171 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 146 of 421

72!

2

)kk*! cp{! qvjgt! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{=! qt!

3

)kkk*! cp{! cevkxkv{! c! rwtrqug! qh! yjkej!

4

ku! vjg! qrrqukvkqp! vq-! qt! vjg! eqpvtqn! qt! qxgt.

5

vjtqy! qh-! vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

6

Uvcvgu! d{! hqteg-! xkqngpeg-! qt! qvjgt! wpncyhwn!

7

ogcpu=!

8

ku! kpcfokuukdng//!

9 UGE/! 415/! RTQJKDKVKQP! QH! VJG! UCNG! QH! HKTGCTOU! VQ-! QT!

;

VJG! RQUUGUUKQP! QH! HKTGCTOU! D[-! EGTVCKP!

21

CNKGPU/!

22

Ugevkqp! ;33! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku! cogpf.

23 gf•!

24

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp!)f*)6*-! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*-! d{!

25

uvtkmkpi! ){*)3*! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

26

){*-! ku! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{!

27

cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg==!

28

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )i*)6*-! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*-! d{!

29

uvtkmkpi! ){*)3*! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

2;

){*-! ku! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{!

31

cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg==! cpf!

32

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! ){*•!

33

)C*! kp! vjg! jgcfgt-! d{! uvtkmkpi! C

!

34

WP

X /! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

35

P N

C

R

!

36

T

/=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
591 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11172 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 147 of 421

73!

2

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwd.

3

rctcitcrj! )D*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

4

)D*! vjg! vgto! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtoc.

5

pgpv! tgukfgpeg! jcu! vjg! ucog! ogcpkpi! cu! kp! uge.

6

vkqp! 212)c*)31*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqp.

7

cnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)31**//!

8

)E*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! wpfgt! c!

9

pqpkookitcpv! xkuc! cpf! kpugtvkpi! dwv! pqv! ncy.

;

hwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg=! cpf!

21

)F*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cf.

22

okvvgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! wpfgt! c! pqp.

23

kookitcpv! xkuc! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ncyhwnn{! cfokv.

24

vgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! dwv! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp! ncy.

25

hwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg/!

26 UGE/! 416/! WPKHQTO! UVCVWVG! QH! NKOKVCVKQPU! HQT! EGT.

27

VCKP! KOOKITCVKQP-! PCVWTCNK\CVKQP-! CPF!

28

RGQPCIG!QHHGPUGU/!

29

Ugevkqp!43;2!qh!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!ku!cogpf.

2; gf!d{!uvtkmkpi!Pq!rgtuqp!cpf!cnn!vjcv!hqnnqyu!vjtqwij!vjg!

31 rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Pq! rgtuqp!

32 ujcnn!dg!rtqugewvgf-!vtkgf-!qt!rwpkujgf!hqt!c!xkqncvkqp!qh!cp{!

33 ugevkqp! qh! ejcrvgtu! 7;! )tgncvkpi! vq! pcvkqpcnkv{! cpf! ekvk|gp.

34 ujkr!qhhgpugu*!cpf!86!)tgncvkpi!vq!rcuurqtv-!xkuc-!cpf!kook.

35 itcvkqp! qhhgpugu*-! qt! hqt! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! cp{! etkokpcn! rtqxk.

36 ukqp! qh! ugevkqpu! 354-! 377-! 385-! 386-! 387-! 388-! qt! 389! qh! vjg!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
592 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11173 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 148 of 421

74!

2 Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev-!qt!hqt!cp!cvvgorv!qt!eqp.

3 urktce{! vq! xkqncvg! cp{! uwej! ugevkqp-! wpnguu! vjg! kpfkevogpv!

4 ku!tgvwtpgf!qt!vjg!kphqtocvkqp!ku!hkngf!ykvjkp!vgp!{gctu!chvgt!

5 vjg!eqookuukqp!qh!vjg!qhhgpug//!

6 UGE/! 417/! EQPHQTOKPI! COGPFOGPV! VQ! VJG! FGHKPKVKQP!

7

QH!TCEMGVGGTKPI!CEVKXKV[/!

8

Ugevkqp! 2;72)2*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

9 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp! 2653! vjtqwij! ugevkqp! 2657!

; )tgncvkpi! vq! htcwf! cpf! okuwug! qh! xkucu-! rgtokvu-! cpf! qvjgt!

21 fqewogpvu*!cpf!kpugtvkpi!ugevkqpu!2652.2659!)tgncvkpi!vq!

22 rcuurqtvu!cpf!xkucu*/!

23 UGE/! 418/! EQPHQTOKPI! COGPFOGPVU! HQT! VJG! CIITC.

24

XCVGF!HGNQP[!FGHKPKVKQP/!

25

)c*! K I

/•Uwdrctcitcrj! )R*! qh! ugevkqp!

26 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

27 W/U/E/!2212)c*)54**!ku!cogpfgf•!

28

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! )k*! yjkej! gkvjgt! ku! hcnugn{! ocm.

29

kpi-! hqtikpi-! eqwpvgthgkvkpi-! owvkncvkpi-! qt! cnvgtkpi! c!

2;

rcuurqtv! qt! kpuvtwogpv! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 2654! qh!

31

vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp!

32

2657)c*!qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! fqewogpv! htcwf*! cpf!

33

)kk*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjkej! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! cp{! ugevkqp!

34

qh! ejcrvgt! 86! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-=! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
593 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11174 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 149 of 421

75!

2

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! hktuv! qhhgpug! vjg! hqn.

3

nqykpi<! )k*! vjcv! ku! pqv! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 2659! qh!

4

uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! kpetgcugf! rgpcnvkgu*-! cpf! )kk*/!

5

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{! uwd.

6 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

7 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-!

8 qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

9 UGE/! 419/! RTGENWFKPI! TGHWIGG! QT! CU[NGG! CFLWUVOGPV!

;

QH!UVCVWU!HQT!CIITCXCVGF!HGNQPU/!

21

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 31;)e*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

22 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!226;)e**!ku!cogpfgf!d{!cff.

23 kpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjgtgqh! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Jqygxgt-! cp! cnkgp!

24 yjq! ku! eqpxkevgf! qh! cp! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{! ku! pqv! gnkikdng! hqt!

25 c! yckxgt! qt! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp//!

26

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{! uwd.

27 ugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!crrn{•!

28

)2*! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

29

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

2;

)3*! vq! cnn! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! tgswktgf! vq! guvcdnkuj! cf.

31

okuukdknkv{! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! kp! cnn! tgoqxcn-!

32

fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu! vjcv! ctg! hkngf-!

33

rgpfkpi-! qt! tgqrgpgf-! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
594 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11175 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 150 of 421

76! 2 UGE/! 41;/! KPCFOKUUKDKNKV[-! FGRQTVCDKNKV[-! CPF! FGVGP.

3

VKQP!QH!FTWPM!FTKXGTU/!

4

)c*!K I

/•Ugevkqp!212)c*)54*!qh!vjg!Kookitc.

5 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)54**! )cu!

6 cogpfgf!d{!vjku!Cev*!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

7

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )V*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf=!

8

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

9

cv! vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! cpf=! cpf!

;

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*! vjg! hqn.

21

nqykpi<!

22

)X*! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! eqpxkevkqp! hqt! ftkx.

23

kpi! yjkng! kpvqzkecvgf! )kpenwfkpi! c! eqpxkevkqp! hqt! ftkx.

24

kpi! yjkng! wpfgt! vjg! kphnwgpeg! qh! qt! korcktgf! d{! cneq.

25

jqn!qt! ftwiu*!ykvjqwv! tgictf! vq! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp!

26

ku! encuukhkgf! cu! c! okufgogcpqt! qt! hgnqp{! wpfgt! Uvcvg!

27

ncy//!

28

)d*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 347)e*)2*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

29 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2337)e*)2**! ku! cogpf.

2; gf•!

31

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

32

gpf=!

33

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*-! d{! cffkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

34

gpf=! cpf!

35

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*! vjg! hqn.

36

nqykpi<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
595 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11176 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 151 of 421

77!

2

)G*! ku! wpncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

3

Uvcvgu! cpf! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qpg! qt! ownvkrng!

4

vkogu! hqt! ftkxkpi! yjkng! kpvqzkecvgf! )kpenwfkpi! c!

5

eqpxkevkqp! hqt! ftkxkpi! yjkng! wpfgt! vjg! kphnwgpeg!

6

qt! korcktgf! d{! cneqjqn! qt! ftwiu*! ykvjqwv! tgictf!

7

vq! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! ku! encuukhkgf! cu! c! oku.

8

fgogcpqt! qt! hgnqp{! wpfgt! Uvcvg! ncy-/!

9

)e*! G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

; ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

21 Cev! cpf! crrn{! vq! eqpxkevkqpu! gpvgtgf! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

22 UGE/!421/!FGVGPVKQP!QH!FCPIGTQWU!CNKGPU/!

23

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

24 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

25

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg! kv!

26

crrgctu-! gzegrv! hqt! vjg! hktuv! tghgtgpeg! kp! rctcitcrj!

27

)5*)D*)k*-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.

28

ewtkv{=!

29

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctc.

2;

itcrj! )D*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

31

)D*! D

/•Vjg! tgoqxcn!

32

rgtkqf! dgikpu! qp! vjg! ncvguv! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

33

)k*! Vjg! fcvg! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! dg.

34

eqogu! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! hkpcn/!

35

)kk*! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv! kp! vjg! ewuvqf{!

36

qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tg.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
596 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11177 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 152 of 421

78!

2

oqxcn! dgeqogu! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! hkpcn-! vjg!

3

fcvg! vjg! cnkgp! ku! vcmgp! kpvq! uwej! ewuvqf{/!

4

)kkk*! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fgvckpgf! qt! eqp.

5

hkpgf! )gzegrv! wpfgt! cp! kookitcvkqp! rtqe.

6

guu*! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! dg.

7

eqogu! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! hkpcn-! vjg! fcvg! vjg!

8

cnkgp! ku! vcmgp! kpvq! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Uge.

9

tgvct{-! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf! htqo! uwej!

;

fgvgpvkqp! qt! eqphkpgogpv/=!

21

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctc.

22

itcrj! )E*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

23

)E*! U

/•!

24

)k*! G

/•Vjg! tgoqxcn! rgtkqf!

25

ujcnn! dg! gzvgpfgf! dg{qpf! c! rgtkqf! qh! ;1!

26

fc{u! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{-! kp! vjg! Uge.

27

tgvct{u! uqng! fkuetgvkqp-! mggr! vjg! cnkgp! kp! fg.

28

vgpvkqp! fwtkpi! uwej! gzvgpfgf! rgtkqf! kh•!

29

)K*! vjg! cnkgp! hcknu! qt! tghwugu! vq!

2;

ocmg! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! ghhqtvu! vq! eqorn{!

31

ykvj! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! qt! vq! hwnn{! eq.

32

qrgtcvg! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ghhqtvu! vq!

33

guvcdnkuj! vjg! cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf! ectt{!

34

qwv! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! kpenwfkpi! ocm.

35

kpi! vkogn{! crrnkecvkqp! kp! iqqf! hckvj!

36

hqt! vtcxgn! qt! qvjgt! fqewogpvu! pgeguuct{!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
597 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11178 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 153 of 421

79!

2

vq! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! qt! eqpurktgu! qt!

3

cevu! vq! rtgxgpv! vjg! cnkgpu! tgoqxcn! vjcv!

4

ku! uwdlgev! vq! cp! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn=!

5

)KK*! c! eqwtv-! vjg! Dqctf! qh! Kook.

6

itcvkqp! Crrgcnu-! qt! cp! kookitcvkqp!

7

lwfig! qtfgtu! c! uvc{! qh! tgoqxcn! qh! cp!

8

cnkgp! yjq! ku! uwdlgev! vq! cp! cfokpkuvtc.

9

vkxgn{! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn=!

;

)KKK*! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vtcpuhgtu! ewu.

21

vqf{! qh! vjg! cnkgp! rwtuwcpv! vq! ncy! vq!

22

cpqvjgt! Hgfgtcn! cigpe{! qt! c! Uvcvg! qt!

23

nqecn! iqxgtpogpv! cigpe{! kp! eqppgevkqp!

24

ykvj! vjg! qhhkekcn! fwvkgu! qh! uwej! cigpe{=!

25

qt!

26

)KX*! c! eqwtv! qt! vjg! Dqctf! qh! Ko.

27

okitcvkqp! Crrgcnu! qtfgtu! c! tgocpf! vq!

28

cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig! qt! vjg! Dqctf! qh!

29

Kookitcvkqp! Crrgcnu-! fwtkpi! vjg! vkog!

2;

rgtkqf! yjgp! vjg! ecug! ku! rgpfkpi!c! fgek.

31

ukqp! qp! tgocpf! )ykvj! vjg! tgoqxcn! rg.

32

tkqf! dgikppkpi! cpgy! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv!

33

vjg! cnkgp! ku! qtfgtgf! tgoqxgf! qp! tg.

34

ocpf*/!

35

)kk*! T

/•Kh! vjg! tgoqxcn! rgtkqf!

36

jcu! dggp! gzvgpfgf! wpfgt! encwug! )E*)k*-! c!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
598 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11179 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 154 of 421

7;!

2

pgy! tgoqxcn! rgtkqf! ujcnn! dg! fggogf! vq! jcxg!

3

dgiwp! qp! vjg! fcvg•!

4

)K*! vjg! cnkgp! ocmgu! cnn! tgcuqpcdng!

5

ghhqtvu! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! vjg! tgoqxcn!

6

qtfgt-! qt! vq! hwnn{! eqqrgtcvg! ykvj! vjg!

7

Ugetgvct{u! ghhqtvu! vq! guvcdnkuj! vjg!

8

cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf! ectt{! qwv! vjg! tg.

9

oqxcn! qtfgt=!

;

)KK*! vjg! uvc{! qh! tgoqxcn! ku! pq!

21

nqpigt! kp! ghhgev=! qt!

22

)KKK*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgvwtpgf! vq! vjg!

23

ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{/!

24

)kkk*! O

!

25

/•Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp!

26

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrju! )C*! vjtqwij! )F*!

27

qh! ugevkqp! 347)e*)2*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! mggr!

28

vjcv! cnkgp! kp! fgvgpvkqp! fwtkpi! vjg! gzvgpfgf!

29

rgtkqf! fguetkdgf! kp! encwug! )k*/!

2;

)kx*! U

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23

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25

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

26

)D*! Ugevkqp! 347)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

27

2337)c**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

28

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! dghqtg! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igp.

29

gtcn/!

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31

ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcnu! cpf! kp.

32

ugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{u/!

33

)3*! N

/•Ugevkqp! 347! qh!

34

uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2337*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv!

35

vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

36

)h*!N

F

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 164 of 421

8;!

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9

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W/U/E/! 2337)e*)2**! )cu! cffgf! d{! ugevkqp! 41;)d*)4**! ku!

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hwtvjgt! cogpfgf-! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! hqnnqykpi! uwdrctc.

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27

qhhgpug-! qt! eqpxkevkqp! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj=! vq!

28

yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf! qp! rctqng-! uwrgtxkugf! tg.

29

ngcug-!qt! rtqdcvkqp=!qt! vq! yjgvjgt!vjg! cnkgp!oc{! dg! ct.

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31

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32

vjg! cnkgp! dgkpi! vcmgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{! d{! cp{! rgtuqp!

33

qvjgt! vjcp! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! vjgp! yjgp! vjg! cnkgp! ku!

34

dtqwijv! vq! vjg! cvvgpvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt! yjgp! vjg!

35

Ugetgvct{! fgvgtokpgu! kv! ku! rtcevkecn! vq! vcmg! uwej! cnkgp!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 165 of 421

91!

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kpvq! ewuvqf{-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! vcmg! uwej! cnkgp! kpvq!

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22

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27

qt! 348)c*)5*/!

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32

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33

rtkqt! vq! Crtkn! 2-! 2;;8-! cpf! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp!

34

551)e*! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 215243*! ujcnn! dg! nkokvgf! vq! c!

35

fgvgtokpcvkqp! qh! yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! rtqrgtn{! kp.

36

enwfgf! kp! uwej! ecvgiqt{/!

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610 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11191 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 166 of 421

92!

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7

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24

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25

)D*! Ugevkqp! 347)d*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

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27

kpi! tgeqipk|cpeg/!

28

)e*! U

/•Kh! cp{! qh! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjku!

29 ugevkqp! qt! cp{! cogpfogpv! d{! vjku! ugevkqp-! qt! vjg! crrnkec.

2; vkqp! qh! cp{! uwej! rtqxkukqp! vq! cp{! rgtuqp! qt! ektewouvcpeg-!

31 ku! jgnf! vq! dg! kpxcnkf! hqt! cp{! tgcuqp-! vjg! tgockpfgt! qh! vjku!

32 ugevkqp! cpf! qh! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp-! cpf! vjg!

33 crrnkecvkqp! qh! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! cpf! qh! vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg!

34 d{! vjku! ugevkqp! vq! cp{! qvjgt! rgtuqp! qt! ektewouvcpeg! ujcnn!

35 pqv!dg!chhgevgf!d{!uwej!jqnfkpi/!

36

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 167 of 421

93!

2

)2*! Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*!

3

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4

Cev-! cpf! ugevkqp! 352! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqp.

5

cnkv{! Cev-! cu! uq! cogpfgf-! ujcnn! kp! cffkvkqp! crrn{!

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vq•!

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9

ycu! kuuwgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gp.

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25

Cev-! cpf! ugevkqp! 347! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqp.

26

cnkv{! Cev-! cu! uq! cogpfgf-! ujcnn! kp! cffkvkqp! crrn{! vq!

27

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28

vkqp! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

29 UGE/! 422/! ITQWPFU! QH! KPCFOKUUKDKNKV[! CPF! FGRQTV.

2;

CDKNKV[!HQT!CNKGP!ICPI!OGODGTU/!

31

)c*! F

IO

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32 qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c**!

33 ku!cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

34

)64*)C*! Vjg! vgto! etkokpcn! icpi! ogcpu! cp! qpiqkpi!

35 itqwr-! enwd-! qticpk|cvkqp-! qt! cuuqekcvkqp! qh! 6! qt! oqtg! rgt.

36 uqpu!vjcv!jcu!cu!qpg!qh!kvu!rtkoct{!rwtrqugu!vjg!eqookuukqp!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
612 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11193 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 168 of 421

94!

2 qh!2!qt!oqtg!qh!vjg!hqnnqykpi!etkokpcn!qhhgpugu!cpf!vjg!ogo.

3 dgtu! qh! yjkej! gpicig-! qt! jcxg! gpicigf! ykvjkp! vjg! rcuv! 6!

4 {gctu-! kp! c! eqpvkpwkpi! ugtkgu! qh! uwej! qhhgpugu-! qt! vjcv! jcu!

5 dggp! fgukipcvgf! cu! c! etkokpcn! icpi! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

6 Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{-!kp!eqpuwnvcvkqp!ykvj!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igp.

7 gtcn-!cu!oggvkpi!vjgug!etkvgtkc/!Vjg!qhhgpugu!fguetkdgf-!yjgvj.

8 gt! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! ncy! qt! hqtgkip! ncy! cpf!

9 tgictfnguu! qh! yjgvjgt! vjg! qhhgpugu! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt!

; chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! rctcitcrj-! ctg! vjg!

21 hqnnqykpi<!

22

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23

213! qh! vjg! Eqpvtqnngf! Uwduvcpegu! Cev! )32! W/U/E/!

24

913**/!

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26

dtkpikpi! kp!cpf!jctdqtkpi!egtvckp!cnkgpu*-!ugevkqp!388!

27

)tgncvkpi! vq! ckfkpi! qt! cuukuvkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu! vq! gpvgt!

28

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu*-! qt! ugevkqp! 389! )tgncvkpi! vq! korqt.

29

vcvkqp! qh! cnkgp! hqt! kooqtcn! rwtrqug*/!

2;

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31

27! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*/!

32

)kx*! C! etkog! kpxqnxkpi! qduvtwevkqp! qh! lwuvkeg-!

33

vcorgtkpi! ykvj! qt! tgvcnkcvkpi! cickpuv! c! ykvpguu-! xke.

34

vko-! qt! kphqtocpv-! qt! dwtinct{/!

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)x*!Cp{! eqpfwev! rwpkujcdng! wpfgt! ugevkqpu! 2139!

36

cpf! 213;! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
613 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11194 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 169 of 421

95!

2

htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! kfgpvk.

3

hkecvkqp! fqewogpvu! qt! ceeguu! fgxkegu*-! ugevkqpu! 2692!

4

vjtqwij! 26;5! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! rgqpcig-! uncx.

5

gt{! cpf! vtchhkemkpi! kp! rgtuqpu*-! ugevkqp! 2;63! qh! uwej!

6

vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! kpvgtuvcvg! cpf! hqtgkip! vtcxgn! qt!

7

vtcpurqtvcvkqp! kp! ckf! qh! tcemgvggtkpi! gpvgtrtkugu*-! uge.

8

vkqp! 2;67! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! ncwpfgtkpi! qh!

9

oqpgvct{! kpuvtwogpvu*-! ugevkqp! 2;68! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tg.

;

ncvkpi! vq! gpicikpi! kp! oqpgvct{! vtcpucevkqpu! kp! rtqr.

21

gtv{! fgtkxgf! htqo! urgekhkgf! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{*-! qt! uge.

22

vkqpu! 3423! vjtqwij! 3426! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq!

23

kpvgtuvcvg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh! uvqngp! oqvqt! xgjkengu! qt!

24

uvqngp! rtqrgtv{*/!

25

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26

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27

)D*! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )kp.

28 enwfkpi! cp{! ghhgevkxg! fcvg*-! vjg! vgto! crrnkgu! tgictfnguu! qh!

29 yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpfwev! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!

2; qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!rctcitcrj//!

31

)d*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*! qh! uwej! Cev!

32 )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)3**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 413)c*)3*! qh!

33 vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqn.

34 nqykpi<!

35

)P*! C

!

36

/•Cp{! cnkgp! ku! kpcfokuukdng! yjq! c! eqp.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
614 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11195 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 170 of 421

96!

2

uwnct! qhhkegt-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

3

tkv{-! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! mpqyu! qt! jcu! tgc.

4

uqp! vq! dgnkgxg•!

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6

c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

7

212)c*)64**=! qt!

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9

vkgu! qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

;

vkqp! 212)c*)64**-! mpqykpi! qt! jcxkpi! tgcuqp!

21

vq! mpqy! vjcv! uwej! cevkxkvkgu! yknn! rtqoqvg-!

22

hwtvjgt-! ckf-! qt! uwrrqtv! vjg! knngicn! cevkxkv{!

23

qh! vjg! etkokpcn! icpi//!

24

)e*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*! qh! vjg! Kook.

25 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**-! cu!

26 cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 413)e*! qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf!

27 d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

28

)J*! C

!

29

/•Cp{! cnkgp! ku! fgrqtvcdng! yjq! vjg! Uge.

2;

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31

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32

)k*! ku! qt! jcu! dggp! c! ogodgt! qh! c!

33

etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

34

212)c*)64**=! qt!

35

)kk*! jcu! rctvkekrcvgf! kp! vjg! cevkxkvkgu!

36

qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! uq! fghkpgf*-! mpqykpi!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
615 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11196 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 171 of 421

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qt! jcxkpi! tgcuqp! vq! mpqy! vjcv! uwej! cevkxk.

3

vkgu! yknn! rtqoqvg-! hwtvjgt-! ckf-! qt! uwrrqtv!

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8

cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! ugevkqp! 32;! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

9

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21 ncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-!

22 cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! oc{! fgukipcvg! c! itqwr! qt! cuuq.

23 ekcvkqp! cu! c! etkokpcn! uvtggv! icpi! kh! vjgkt! eqpfwev! ku! fg.

24 uetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 212)c*)64*! qt! kh! vjg! itqwr! qt! cuuqekcvkqp!

25 eqpfwev! rqugu! c! ukipkhkecpv! tkum! vjcv! vjtgcvgpu! vjg! ugewtkv{!

26 cpf! vjg! rwdnke! uchgv{! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pcvkqpcnu! qt! vjg! pc.

27 vkqpcn! ugewtkv{-! jqogncpf! ugewtkv{-! hqtgkip! rqnke{-! qt! geqp.

28 qo{!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

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F /•Fgukipcvkqpu! wpfgt! uwd.

2; ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! tgockp! kp! ghhgev! wpvkn! vjg! fgukipcvkqp! ku!

31 tgxqmgf! chvgt! eqpuwnvcvkqp! dgvyggp! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

32 ncpf! Ugewtkv{-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

33 Uvcvg! qt! ku! vgtokpcvgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy//!

34

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

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vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vjg!

36

kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 32;! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

331/! Fgukipcvkqp//!

•JT! 3389! TJ
616 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11197 Hov!7763 Uhov!7324 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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348)c*)5*)D*/!

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cevogpv! qh!vjku! Cev*-!vjg!Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!Ugew.

24

tkv{-! chvgt! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! crrtqrtkcvg! Hgfgtcn!

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26

vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! cpf! qh!

27

vjg!Ugpcvg! qp! vjg! pwodgt! qh!cnkgpu! fgvckpgf!wpfgt! vjg!

28

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rtgegfkpi! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku! fguetkdgf! kp!

35

ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*)P*)k*! qt! ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*)J*)k*! qt!

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yjq! ku! chvgt! vq! cp! cnkgp/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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617 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11198 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 173 of 421

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24

icpiu*=! qt/!

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crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

29

tkv{=!

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)C*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

32

gpf=!

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)D*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

34

cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

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)E*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

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•JT! 3389! TJ
618 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11199 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 174 of 421

9;!

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4

icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 212)c*)64**/=!

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cpf!

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24 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

25 Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

26 vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

27 UGE/!423/!GZVGPUKQP!QH!KFGPVKV[!VJGHV!QHHGPUGU/!

28

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2; Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku! cogpfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)8*-! d{!

31 uvtkmkpi! qh! cpqvjgt! rgtuqp! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjcv! ku! pqv! jku!

32 qt!jgt!qyp/!

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34 2139C)c*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

35 uvtkmkpi!qh!cpqvjgt!rgtuqp!dqvj! rncegu!kv! crrgctu!cpf! kp.

36 ugtvkpi!vjcv!ku!pqv!jku!qt!jgt!qyp/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 175 of 421

;1! 2 UGE/!424/!NCWPFGTKPI!QH!OQPGVCT[!KPUVTWOGPVU/!

3

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4 2;67)e*)8*)F*!qh!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!ku!cogpfgf•!

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6

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kpi! vq! fguvtwevkqp! qh! rtqrgtv{! ykvjkp! vjg! urgekcn! oct.

9

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26;1*! )tgncvkpi! vq! cxkcvkqp! uowiinkpi*-/!

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26 2;67)c*!qh!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!ku!cogpfgf•!

27

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28

tgcfu! cu! hqnnqyu<!

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31

eqpegcn! qt! fkuiwkug-! vjg! pcvwtg-! uqwteg-! nqecvkqp-!

32

qypgtujkr-! qt! eqpvtqn! qh! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog!

33

hqto! qh! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{=! qt!

34

)kk*! cxqkfu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq! cxqkf-! c!

35

vtcpucevkqp! tgrqtvkpi! tgswktgogpv! wpfgt! Uvcvg!

36

qt! Hgfgtcn! ncy-=! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
620 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;1 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 176 of 421

;2!

2

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3

tgcfu! cu! hqnnqyu<!

4

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5

hwpfu! kpxqnxgf! kp! vjg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp-! vtcpuokuukqp-! qt!

6

vtcpuhgt! tgrtgugpv! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog! hqto! qh! wpncy.

7

hwn! cevkxkv{-! cpf! mpqykpi! vjcv! uwej! vtcpurqtvcvkqp-!

8

vtcpuokuukqp-! qt! vtcpuhgt•!

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eqpegcn! qt! fkuiwkug-! vjg! pcvwtg-! uqwteg-! nqecvkqp-!

21

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23

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24

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25

qt! Hgfgtcn! ncy-/!

26 UGE/! 425/! KPETGCUGF! ETKOKPCN! RGPCNVKGU! TGNCVKPI! VQ!

27

CNKGP! UOWIINKPI! CPF! TGNCVGF! QHHGPUGU/!

28

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29 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2435*-! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf!

2; cu!hqnnqyu<!

31 UGE/!385/!CNKGP!UOWIINKPI!CPF!TGNCVGF!QHHGPUGU/!

32

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34

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35

rtqxkfgf! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )3*-! kh! vjg! rgtuqp•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
621 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;2 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 177 of 421

;3!

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3

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4

Uvcvgu-! qt! vq! etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf!

5

Uvcvgu-! mpqykpi! qt! kp! tgemnguu! fkutgictf! qh! vjg!

6

hcev! vjcv! uwej! rgtuqp! ku! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ncemu! ncy.

7

hwn! cwvjqtkv{! vq! eqog! vq-! gpvgt-! qt! etquu! vjg! dqt.

8

fgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

9

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;

fwegu! c! rgtuqp! vq! eqog! vq! qt! gpvgt! vjg! Wpkvgf!

21

Uvcvgu-! qt! vq! etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf!

22

Uvcvgu-! cv! c! rnceg! qvjgt! vjcp! c! fgukipcvgf! rqtv!

23

qh! gpvt{! qt! rnceg! qvjgt! vjcp! cu! fgukipcvgf! d{! vjg!

24

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! mpqykpi! qt! kp!

25

tgemnguu! fkutgictf! qh! vjg! hcev! vjcv! uwej! rgtuqp! ku!

26

cp! cnkgp! cpf! tgictfnguu! qh! yjgvjgt! uwej! cnkgp! jcu!

27

qhhkekcn! rgtokuukqp! qt! ncyhwn! cwvjqtkv{! vq! dg! kp!

28

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

29

)E*! vtcpurqtvu-! oqxgu-! jctdqtu-! eqpegcnu-! qt!

2;

ujkgnfu! htqo! fgvgevkqp! c! rgtuqp! qwvukfg! qh! vjg!

31

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!mpqykpi!qt!kp!tgemnguu!fkutgictf!qh!

32

vjg! hcev! vjcv! uwej! rgtuqp! ku! cp! cnkgp! kp! wpncyhwn!

33

vtcpukv! htqo! qpg! eqwpvt{! vq! cpqvjgt! qt! qp! vjg!

34

jkij! ugcu-! wpfgt! ektewouvcpegu! kp! yjkej! vjg!

35

cnkgp! ku! uggmkpi! vq! gpvgt! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ykvj.

36

qwv! qhhkekcn! rgtokuukqp! qt! ncyhwn! cwvjqtkv{=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
622 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;3 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 178 of 421

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5

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6

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

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8

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! mpqykpi! qt! kp! tgemnguu! fkutgictf!

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qh! vjg! hcev! vjcv! uwej! rgtuqp! ku! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ncemu!

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ncyhwn! cwvjqtkv{! vq! gpvgt! qt! dg! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

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22

hwtvjgt! vjg! cnkgpu! knngicn! gpvt{! kpvq! qt! knngicn!

23

rtgugpeg! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

24

)H*! jctdqtu-! eqpegcnu-! qt! ujkgnfu! htqo! fg.

25

vgevkqp! c! rgtuqp! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! mpqykpi!

26

qt! kp! tgemnguu! fkutgictf! qh! vjg! hcev! vjcv! uwej! rgt.

27

uqp! ku! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ncemu! ncyhwn! cwvjqtkv{! vq! dg!

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kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! qt!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 179 of 421

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5

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qpgf! hqt! pqv! nguu! vjcp! 4! {gctu! qt! oqtg! vjcp!

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29

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32

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36

{gctu! qt! oqtg! vjcp! 31! {gctu-! qt! dqvj=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
624 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;5 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 180 of 421

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)F*! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf!

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28

vjg! rgtuqp! vq! etqyfgf! qt! fcpigtqwu! eqpfk.

29

vkqpu=!

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36

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ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 181 of 421

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7

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28

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 182 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 183 of 421

;9!

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8

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9

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24

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25

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26

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28

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V C /•Pq! qhhkegt! qt! rgtuqp!

29 ujcnn! jcxg! cwvjqtkv{! vq! ocmg! cp{! cttguvu! hqt! c! xkqncvkqp!

2; qh!cp{!rtqxkukqp!qh!vjku!ugevkqp!gzegrv<!

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32

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33

qt! cu! c! ogodgt! qh! c! encuu=! cpf!

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35

qh! Hgfgtcn! etkokpcn! ncyu/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 184 of 421

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5 xkuwcnn{! rtgugtxgf! fgrqukvkqp! qh! c! ykvpguu! vq! c! xkqncvkqp! qh!

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7 htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! qt! ku! qvjgtykug! wpcxckncdng! vq! vgu.

8 vkh{-! oc{! dg! cfokvvgf! kpvq! gxkfgpeg! kp! cp! cevkqp! dtqwijv!

9 hqt!vjcv!xkqncvkqp!kh<!

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21

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22

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24

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33

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 185 of 421

211!

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7

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9

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28 nqykpi<!
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etkog-! chvgt! cp{! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg=! cpf!

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ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 186 of 421

212!

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)D*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*)kk*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

5

-! cnkgp! uowiinkpi! etkog-! chvgt! etkog! qh! xkq.

6

ngpeg=! cpf!

7

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

8

)7*! Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! uwdugevkqp-! vjg! vgto! cnkgp!

9 uowiinkpi! etkog! ogcpu! cp{! hgnqp{! rwpkujcdng! wpfgt! uge.

; vkqp! 385)c*-! 388-! qt! 389! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqp.

21 cnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2435)c*-!2438-!cpf!2439*//!

22 UGE/!426/!RGPCNVKGU!HQT!KNNGICN!GPVT[!QT!RTGUGPEG/!

23

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 386! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

24 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2436*! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf!

25 cu!hqnnqyu<!

26



!

27

U /!386/!)c*!K I

/•!

28

)2*! K

/•Cp! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev!

29

vq! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*! kh! vjg! cnkgp<!

2;

)C*! mpqykpin{! gpvgtu! qt! etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt!

31

kpvq!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu! cv!cp{! vkog! qt!rnceg! qvjgt!

32

vjcp! cu! fgukipcvgf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

33

Ugewtkv{=!

34

)D*! mpqykpin{! gnwfgu-! cv! cp{! vkog! qt!

35

rnceg-! gzcokpcvkqp! qt! kpurgevkqp! d{! cp! cwvjqt.

36

k|gf! kookitcvkqp-! ewuvqou-! qt! citkewnvwtg! qhhkegt!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
631 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11212 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 187 of 421

213!

2

)kpenwfkpi! d{! hcknkpi! vq! uvqr! cv! vjg! eqoocpf! qh!

3

uwej! qhhkegt*=!

4

)E*! mpqykpin{! gpvgtu! qt! etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt!

5

vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf-! wrqp! gzcokpcvkqp! qt!

6

kpurgevkqp-! mpqykpin{! ocmgu! c! hcnug! qt! oku.

7

ngcfkpi! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! qt! vjg! mpqykpi! eqpegcn.

8

ogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn!hcev!)kpenwfkpi! uwej!tgrtgugp.

9

vcvkqp! qt! eqpegcnogpv! kp! vjg! eqpvgzv! qh! cttkxcn-!

;

tgrqtvkpi-! gpvt{-! qt! engctcpeg! tgswktgogpvu! qh! vjg!

21

ewuvqou! ncyu-! kookitcvkqp! ncyu-! citkewnvwtg!

22

ncyu-! qt! ujkrrkpi! ncyu*=!

23

)F*! mpqykpin{! xkqncvgu! vjg! vgtou! qt! eqpfk.

24

vkqpu! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! cfokuukqp! qt! rctqng! kpvq! vjg!

25

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! qt!

26

)G*! mpqykpin{! ku! wpncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg!

27

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

28

323)c*);*)D*)kk*! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! gzegrvkqpu! ugv! hqt!

29

kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*);*)D*)kkk**/!

2;

)3*! E

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq! xkq.

31

ncvgu! cp{! rtqxkukqp! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )2*<!

32

)C*! ujcnn-! hqt! vjg! hktuv! xkqncvkqp-! dg! hkpgf!

33

wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf!

34

pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 7! oqpvju-! qt! dqvj=!

35

)D*! ujcnn-! hqt! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! xkqnc.

36

vkqp-! qt! hqnnqykpi! cp! qtfgt! qh! xqnwpvct{! fgrct.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
632 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11213 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 188 of 421

214!

2

vwtg-! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv!

3

oqtg! vjcp! 3! {gctu! )qt! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 7! oqpvju!

4

kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! xkqncvkqp! qh!

5

rctcitcrj! )2*)G**-! qt! dqvj=!

6

)E*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp!

7

jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh!4!qt! oqtg! okufgogcpqtu! qt!

8

hqt! c! hgnqp{-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! ko.

9

rtkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 21! {gctu-! qt! dqvj=!

;

)F*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp!

21

jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp!

22

tgegkxgf! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh! pqv! nguu! vjcp!

23

41! oqpvju-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! ko.

24

rtkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 26! {gctu-! qt! dqvj=! cpf!

25

)G*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp!

26

jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp!

27

tgegkxgf! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh! pqv! nguu! vjcp!

28

71! oqpvju-! uwej! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej!

29

vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 31! {gctu-! qt!

2;

dqvj/!

31

)4*! R

/•Vjg! rtkqt! eqpxkevkqpu!

32

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*! vjtqwij! )G*! qh! rctc.

33

itcrj! )3*! ctg! gngogpvu! qh! vjg! qhhgpugu! fguetkdgf! cpf!

34

vjg! rgpcnvkgu! kp! uwej! uwdrctcitcrju! ujcnn! crrn{! qpn{!

35

kp! ecugu! kp! yjkej! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! qt! eqpxkevkqpu! vjcv!

36

hqto! vjg! dcuku! hqt! vjg! cffkvkqpcn! rgpcnv{! ctg•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
633 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11214 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 189 of 421

215!

2

)C*! cnngigf! kp! vjg! kpfkevogpv! qt! kphqtoc.

3

vkqp=! cpf!

4

)D*! rtqxgp! dg{qpf! c! tgcuqpcdng! fqwdv! cv!

5

vtkcn! qt! cfokvvgf! d{! vjg! fghgpfcpv/!

6

)5*! F

/•Cp! qhhgpug! wpfgt!

7

vjku! uwdugevkqp! eqpvkpwgu! wpvkn! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fkueqxgtgf!

8

ykvjkp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! d{! cp! kookitcvkqp-! ewu.

9

vqou-! qt! citkewnvwtg! qhhkegt/!

;

)6*! C

/•Yjqgxgt! cvvgorvu! vq! eqookv!

21

cp{! qhhgpug! wpfgt!vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! rwpkujgf!kp! vjg!

22

ucog! ocppgt! cu! hqt! c! eqorngvkqp! qh! uwej! qhhgpug/!

23

)d*! K

V

R =! E R

/•!

24 Cp{! cnkgp! yjq! ku! crrtgjgpfgf! yjkng! gpvgtkpi-! cvvgorvkpi!

25 vq! gpvgt-! qt! mpqykpin{! etquukpi! qt! cvvgorvkpi! vq! etquu! vjg!

26 dqtfgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cv! c! vkog! qt! rnceg! qvjgt! vjcp!

27 cu! fgukipcvgf! d{! kookitcvkqp! qhhkegtu! ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! c!

28 ekxkn! rgpcnv{-! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! cp{! etkokpcn! qt! qvjgt! ekxkn!

29 rgpcnvkgu! vjcv! oc{! dg! korqugf! wpfgt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp!

2; qh!ncy-!kp!cp!coqwpv!gswcn!vq•!

31

)2*! pqv! nguu! vjcp! %61! qt! oqtg! vjcp! %361! hqt!

32

gcej! uwej! gpvt{-! etquukpi-! cvvgorvgf! gpvt{-! qt! cv.

33

vgorvgf! etquukpi=! qt!

34

)3*!vykeg!vjg!coqwpv! urgekhkgf!kp! rctcitcrj!)2*!

35

kh! vjg! cnkgp! jcf! rtgxkqwun{! dggp! uwdlgev! vq! c! ekxkn! rgp.

36

cnv{! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp//!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
634 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11215 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 190 of 421

216!

2

)d*! E

C

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqpvgpvu! hqt!

3 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkm.

4 kpi! vjg! kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 386! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqn.

5 nqykpi<!

Uge/!386/ Knngicn!gpvt{!qt!rtgugpeg//!

6 UGE/!427/!KNNGICN!TGGPVT[/!

7

Ugevkqp! 387! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

8 )9!W/U/E/!2437*!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

9



!

;

U /! 387/! )c*! T

C

T

/•Cp{!

21 cnkgp! yjq! jcu! dggp! fgpkgf! cfokuukqp-! gzenwfgf-! fgrqtvgf-!

22 qt! tgoqxgf-! qt! yjq! jcu! fgrctvgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! yjkng!

23 cp! qtfgt! qh! gzenwukqp-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! tgoqxcn! ku! qwv.

24 uvcpfkpi-!cpf!uwdugswgpvn{!gpvgtu-!cvvgorvu!vq!gpvgt-!etquugu!

25 vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! cvvgorvu! vq! etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! qt! ku! cv! cp{!

26 vkog! hqwpf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vkvng!

27 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg!vjcp! 3!{gctu-!

28 qt!dqvj/!

29

)d*! T

E

Q

/•Pqvykvj.

2; uvcpfkpi!vjg!rgpcnv{!rtqxkfgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)c*-!kh!cp!cnkgp!

31 fguetkdgf! kp! vjcv! uwdugevkqp! ycu! eqpxkevgf! dghqtg! uwej! tg.

32 oqxcn!qt!fgrctvwtg•!

33

)2*! hqt! 4! qt! oqtg! okufgogcpqtu! qt! hqt! c! hgnqp{-!

34

vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

35

Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 21! {gctu-! qt! dqvj=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
635 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11216 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 191 of 421

217!

2

)3*! hqt! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! ugp.

3

vgpegf! vq! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh! pqv! nguu! vjcp! 41!

4

oqpvju-! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! ko.

5

rtkuqpgf! pqv! nguu! vjcp! 3! {gctu! cpf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 26!

6

{gctu-! qt! dqvj=!

7

)4*! hqt! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! ugp.

8

vgpegf! vq! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh! pqv! nguu! vjcp! 71!

9

oqpvju-! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! ko.

;

rtkuqpgf! pqv! nguu! vjcp! 5! {gctu! cpf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 31!

21

{gctu-! qt! dqvj=! qt!

22

)5*! hqt! owtfgt-! tcrg-! mkfpcrrkpi-! qt! c! hgnqp{!

23

qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! ejcrvgt! 88! )tgncvkpi! vq! rgqpcig!

24

cpf! uncxgt{*! qt! 224D! )tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo*! qh! uwej!

25

vkvng-! qt! hqt! 4! qt! oqtg! hgnqpkgu! qh! cp{! mkpf-! vjg! cnkgp!

26

ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! nguu!

27

vjcp! 6! {gctu! cpf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 36! {gctu-! qt! dqvj/!

28

)e*! T

C

T

T

/•Cp{!

29 cnkgp! yjq! jcu! dggp! fgpkgf! cfokuukqp-! gzenwfgf-! fgrqtvgf-!

2; qt! tgoqxgf! 4! qt! oqtg! vkogu! cpf! vjgtgchvgt! gpvgtu-! cvvgorvu!

31 vq! gpvgt-! etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! cvvgorvu! vq! etquu! vjg! dqtfgt!

32 vq-! qt! ku! cv! cp{! vkog! hqwpf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ujcnn! dg!

33 hkpgf! wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf! pqv!

34 oqtg!vjcp!21!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

35

)f*! R

RE

/•Vjg! rtkqt! eqp.

36 xkevkqpu! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*! ctg! gngogpvu! qh! vjg!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
636 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11217 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 192 of 421

218!

2 etkogu! fguetkdgf-! cpf! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! kp! vjcv! uwdugevkqp! ujcnn!

3 crrn{! qpn{! kp! ecugu! kp! yjkej! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! qt! eqpxkevkqpu!

4 vjcv!hqto!vjg!dcuku!hqt!vjg!cffkvkqpcn!rgpcnv{!ctg•!

5

)2*! cnngigf! kp! vjg! kpfkevogpv! qt! kphqtocvkqp=!

6

cpf!

7

)3*! rtqxgp! dg{qpf! c! tgcuqpcdng! fqwdv! cv! vtkcn!

8

qt! cfokvvgf! d{! vjg! fghgpfcpv/!

9

)g*!C

F

/•Kv!ujcnn!dg!cp!chhktoc.

; vkxg!fghgpug!vq!c!xkqncvkqp!qh!vjku!ugevkqp!vjcv•!

21

)2*! rtkqt! vq! vjg! cnngigf! xkqncvkqp-! vjg! cnkgp! jcf!

22

uqwijv! cpf! tgegkxgf! vjg! gzrtguu! eqpugpv! qh! vjg! Uge.

23

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vq! tgcrrn{! hqt! cfoku.

24

ukqp! kpvq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! qt!

25

)3*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp! cnkgp! rtgxkqwun{! fgpkgf!

26

cfokuukqp! cpf! tgoqxgf-! vjg! cnkgp•!

27

)C*! ycu! pqv! tgswktgf! vq! qdvckp! uwej! cf.

28

xcpeg! eqpugpv! wpfgt! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

29

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! qt! cp{! rtkqt! Cev=! cpf!

2;

)D*! jcf! eqornkgf! ykvj! cnn! qvjgt! ncyu! cpf!

31

tgiwncvkqpu! iqxgtpkpi! vjg! cnkgpu! cfokuukqp! kpvq!

32

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

33

)h*! N

E

C

W.

34

T

Q /•Kp! c! etkokpcn! rtqeggfkpi! wpfgt!

35 vjku!ugevkqp-!cp!cnkgp!oc{!pqv!ejcnngpig!vjg!xcnkfkv{!qh!cp{!

36 rtkqt!tgoqxcn!qtfgt!eqpegtpkpi!vjg!cnkgp/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
637 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11218 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 193 of 421

219!

2

)i*! T

CT

R

E.

3

V

K

/•Cp{! cnkgp! tgoqxgf!

4 rwtuwcpv!vq!ugevkqp!352)c*)5*!yjq!gpvgtu-!cvvgorvu!vq!gpvgt-!

5 etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! cvvgorvu! vq! etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! qt! ku!

6 cv! cp{! vkog! hqwpf! kp-! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! dg! kpectegt.

7 cvgf! hqt! vjg! tgockpfgt! qh! vjg! ugpvgpeg! qh! kortkuqpogpv!

8 yjkej! ycu! rgpfkpi! cv! vjg! vkog! qh! fgrqtvcvkqp! ykvjqwv! cp{!

9 tgfwevkqp! hqt! rctqng! qt! uwrgtxkugf! tgngcug! wpnguu! vjg! cnkgp!

; chhktocvkxgn{! fgoqpuvtcvgu! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

21 Ugewtkv{!jcu!gzrtguun{!eqpugpvgf!vq!vjg!cnkgpu!tggpvt{/!Uwej!

22 cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! uwej! qvjgt! rgpcnvkgu! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg!

23 tggpvt{! qh! tgoqxgf! cnkgpu! cu! oc{! dg! cxckncdng! wpfgt! vjku!

24 ugevkqp!qt!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy/!

25

)j*! F

/•Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! ugevkqp! cpf!

26 ugevkqp!386-!vjg!hqnnqykpi!fghkpkvkqpu!ujcnn!crrn{<!

27

)2*! E

!

28

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29

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 194 of 421

21;!

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28 ¨ 2652/!Kuuwcpeg!ykvjqwv!cwvjqtkv{!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 195 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 196 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 197 of 421

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27 vgt! vjcv! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! qt! ctkugu! wpfgt! vjg! kookitcvkqp!

28 ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!qt!cp{!ocvvgt!vjg!qhhgpfgt!enckou!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 198 of 421

224!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 199 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 200 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 201 of 421

227!

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)3*=! cpf!

9

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{!

;

itcpv! kp! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcnu! fkuetgvkqp! cpf!

21

kpugtvkpi! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

22

qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! itcpv-! kp! vjg! fku.

23

etgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! kp!

24

cp{! rtqeggfkpi=!

25

)6*!d{!tgfgukipcvkpi! rctcitcrju!)4*-! )5*-!cpf! )6*!

26

cu! rctcitcrju! )5*-! )6*-! cpf! )7*-! tgurgevkxgn{=! cpf!

27

)7*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )3*! vjg! hqn.

28

nqykpi! pgy! rctcitcrj<!

29

)4*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! vjg!

2;

gzgtekug! qh! fkuetgvkqp! oc{! fgvgtokpg! kpcfokuukdknkv{!

31

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*! )tgncvkpi! vq! etkokpcn! qhhgpugu*!

32

cpf! kuuwg! cp! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg! rtqeg.

33

fwtgu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjku! uwdugevkqp-! kp! nkgw! qh! tgoqxcn!

34

rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351-! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp!

35

cnkgp! yjq!

36

)C*! jcu! pqv! dggp! cfokvvgf! qt! rctqngf=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
646 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11227 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 202 of 421

228!

2

)D*! jcu! pqv! dggp! hqwpf! vq! jcxg! c! etgfkdng!

3

hgct! qh! rgtugewvkqp! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg! rtqegfwtgu! ugv!

4

hqtvj! kp! ugevkqp! 346)d*)2*)D*=! cpf!

5

)E*! ku! pqv! gnkikdng! hqt! c! yckxgt! qh! kpcfoku.

6

ukdknkv{! qt! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn//!

7

)d*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!uwd.

8 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

9 qh!vjku!Cev!dwv!ujcnn!pqv!crrn{!vq!cnkgpu!yjq!ctg!kp!tgoqxcn!

; rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

21 vkqpcnkv{!Cev!cu!qh!uwej!fcvg/!

22 UGE/!431/!KPETGCUGF!RGPCNVKGU!DCTTKPI!VJG!CFOKUUKQP!

23

QH! EQPXKEVGF! UGZ! QHHGPFGTU! HCKNKPI! VQ!

24

TGIKUVGT! CPF! TGSWKTKPI! FGRQTVCVKQP! QH!

25

UGZ!QHHGPFGTU!HCKNKPI!VQ!TGIKUVGT/!

26

)c*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*)C*)k*! qh! vjg!

27 Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

28 2293)c*)3*)C*)k**-!cu!cogpfgf!d{!ugevkqp!413)c*!qh!vjku!Cev-!

29 ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

2;

)2*! kp! uwdencwug! )KK*-! d{! uvtkmkpi!qt!cv! vjg! gpf=!

31

)3*!kp!uwdencwug!)KKK*-!d{! cffkpi!qt!cv!vjg! gpf=!

32

cpf!

33

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdencwug! )KKK*! vjg! hqn.

34

nqykpi<!

35

)KX*! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 3361!

36

qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncv.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
647 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11228 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 203 of 421

229!

2

kpi! vq! hcknwtg! vq! tgikuvgt! cu! c! ugz! qh.

3

hgpfgt*-/!

4

)d*!F

/•Ugevkqp!348)c*)3*!qh!uwej!Cev!)9!

5 W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqpu! 413)e*! cpf!

6 422)e*!qh!vjku!Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

7

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! encwug! )x*=!

8

cpf!

9

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

;

)K*! H

.

21

/•Cp{! cnkgp! eqpxkevgf! qh-! qt! yjq! cfokvu!

22

jcxkpi! eqookvvgf-! qt! yjq! cfokvu! eqookvvkpi!

23

cevu! yjkej! eqpuvkvwvg! vjg! guugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh! c!

24

xkqncvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 3361! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf!

25

Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq! hcknwtg! vq! tgikuvgt! cu! c!

26

ugz! qhhgpfgt*! ku! fgrqtvcdng//!

27

)e*! G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

28 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

29 Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

2; vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

31 UGE/!432/!RTQVGEVKPI!KOOKITCPVU!HTQO!EQPXKEVGF!UGZ!

32

QHHGPFGTU/!

33

)c*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 315)c*)2*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

34 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2265)c*)2**-! ku! cogpf.

35 gf•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
648 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11229 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 204 of 421

22;!

2

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! cogpfkpi! encwug!

3

)xkkk*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

4

)xkkk*! Encwug! )k*! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! vq! c! ekvk|gp! qh! vjg!

5 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!yjq!jcu!dggp!eqpxkevgf!qh!cp!qhhgpug!fguetkdgf!

6 kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! )K*-! qt! )M*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)54*-! wp.

7 nguu! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! vjg! Ugetgvct{u!

8 uqng!cpf!wptgxkgycdng!fkuetgvkqp-!fgvgtokpgu!vjcv!vjg!ekvk|gp!

9 rqugu! pq! tkum! vq! vjg! cnkgp! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjqo! c! rgvkvkqp!

; fguetkdgf!kp!encwug!)k*!ku!hkngf/=!cpf!

21

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*)k*•!

22

)C*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! vjg! ugeqpf! uwdencwug!

23

)K*! cu! uwdencwug! )KK*=! cpf!

24

)D*! d{! cogpfkpi! uwej! uwdencwug! )KK*! vq! tgcf!

25

cu! hqnnqyu<!

26

)KK*! Uwdencwug! )K*! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp!

27 cnkgp! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! yjq! jcu! dggp! eqp.

28 xkevgf! qh! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! )K*-! qt!

29 )M*!qh!ugevkqp!212)c*)54*-!wpnguu!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

2; Ugewtkv{-! kp! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! uqng! cpf! wptgxkgycdng! fkuetg.

31 vkqp-!fgvgtokpgu!vjcv!vjg!cnkgp!ncyhwnn{!cfokvvgf!hqt!rgtoc.

32 pgpv! tgukfgpeg! rqugu! pq! tkum! vq! vjg! cnkgp! ykvj! tgurgev! vq!

33 yjqo!c!rgvkvkqp!fguetkdgf!kp!uwdencwug!)K*!ku!hkngf//!

34

)d*! P

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)M*! qh! uwej!

35 Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26*)M**-! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
649 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1122; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 205 of 421

231!

2 315)c*)2*)C*)xkkk*)K**! gcej! rnceg! uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf!

3 kpugtvkpi!315)c*)2*)C*)xkkk**/!

4

)e*! G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

5 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

6 Cev! cpf!ujcnn! crrn{!vq!rgvkvkqpu!hkngf! qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

7 UGE/! 433/! ENCTKHKECVKQP! VQ! ETKOGU! QH! XKQNGPEG! CPF!

8

ETKOGU!KPXQNXKPI!OQTCN!VWTRKVWFG/!

9

)c*! K

C /•Ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*)C*! qh!

; vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

21 2293)c*)3*)C**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqn.

22 nqykpi<!

23

)kkk*! E

/•Kh! vjg! eqpxke.

24

vkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! guvcdnkuj!

25

yjgvjgt! c! etkog! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! kpxqnx.

26

kpi! oqtcn! vwtrkvwfg-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn!

27

oc{! eqpukfgt! qvjgt! gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg!

28

eqpxkevkqp! vjcv! engctn{! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg!

29

eqpfwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf!

2;

eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! kpxqnxkpi! oqtcn! vwtrk.

31

vwfg//!

32

)d*!F

C /•!

33

)2*! I

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*)C*! qh!

34

uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3*)C**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{!

35

ugevkqp! 431)d*! qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! kp.

36

ugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kx*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
650 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11231 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 206 of 421

232!

2

)x*! E

.

3

/•Kh! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv!

4

eqpenwukxgn{! guvcdnkuj! yjgvjgt! c! etkog! eqp.

5

uvkvwvgu! c! etkog! kpxqnxkpi! oqtcn! vwtrkvwfg-!

6

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! eqpukfgt! qvjgt!

7

gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! vjcv! engct.

8

n{! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg! eqpfwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg!

9

cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! kp.

;

xqnxkpi! oqtcn! vwtrkvwfg//!

21

)3*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*)G*!

22

qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3*)G**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

23

cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

24

)kkk*! E

/•Kh! vjg!

25

eqpxkevkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! guvcd.

26

nkuj! yjgvjgt! c! etkog! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg!

27

eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg! )cu! fghkpgf! kp!

28

ugevkqp! 27! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*-!

29

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! eqpukfgt! qvjgt!

2;

gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! vjcv! engct.

31

n{! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg! eqpfwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg!

32

cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xk.

33

qngpeg//!

34

)e*! G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

35 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
651 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11232 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 207 of 421

233!

2 Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

3 vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

4 UGE/! 434/! RGPCNVKGU! HQT! HCKNWTG! VQ! QDG[! TGOQXCN! QT.

5

FGTU/!

6

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 354)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

7 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2364)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

8

)2*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*! qh!

9

rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! 323)c*! qt! dghqtg!

;

348)c*-! =! cpf!

21

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )4*/!

22

)d*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!uwd.

23 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

24 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! ctg! fguetkdgf! kp!

25 uwdrctcitcrju! )C*! vjtqwij! )F*! qh! ugevkqp! 354)c*)2*! qh! vjg!

26 Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2364)c*)2**!

27 vjcv! qeewt! qp! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev/!

28 UGE/!435/!RCTFQPU/!

29

)c*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

2; cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c**-!cu!cogpfgf!d{!uge.

31 vkqp! 422)c*! qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv!

32 vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

33

)65*! Vjg! vgto! rctfqp! ogcpu! c! hwnn! cpf! wpeqpfk.

34 vkqpcn!rctfqp!itcpvgf!d{!vjg!Rtgukfgpv!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!

35 Iqxgtpqt!qh!cp{!qh!vjg!ugxgtcn!Uvcvgu!qt!eqpuvkvwvkqpcnn{!tge.

36 qipk|gf!dqf{//!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
652 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11233 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 208 of 421

234!

2

)d*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9!

3 W/U/E/!2338)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

4

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! encwug! )xk*=!

5

cpf!

6

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

7

)9*! R

/•Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp! yjq! jcu!

8

dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! etkog! cpf! ku! uwdlgev! vq! tgoqxcn!

9

fwg! vq! vjcv! eqpxkevkqp-! kh! vjg! cnkgp-! uwdugswgpv! vq! tg.

;

egkxkpi! vjg! etkokpcn! eqpxkevkqp-! ku! itcpvgf! c! rctfqp-!

21

vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! pqv! dg! fgrqtvcdng! d{! tgcuqp! qh! vjcv!

22

etkokpcn! eqpxkevkqp//!

23

)e*! G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!

24 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

25 Cev!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!c!rctfqp!itcpvgf!dghqtg-!qp-!qt!chvgt!

26 uwej!fcvg/!

27

VKVNG!KXXKUC!UGEWTKV[!

28 UGE/!512/!ECPEGNNCVKQP!QH!CFFKVKQPCN!XKUCU/!

29

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 333)i*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

2; cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2313)i**!ku!cogpfgf•!

31

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*•!

32

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! cpf! kp.

33

ugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{=! cpf!

34

)D*! d{! kpugtvkpi! cpf! cp{! qvjgt! pqp.

35

kookitcpv! xkuc! kuuwgf! d{! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vjcv!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
653 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11234 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 209 of 421

235!

2

ku! kp! vjg! rquuguukqp! qh! vjg! cnkgp! chvgt! uwej!

3

xkuc=! cpf!

4

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! )qvjgt!

5

vjcp! vjg! xkuc! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2**! kuuwgf! kp!

6

c! eqpuwnct! qhhkeg! nqecvgf! kp! vjg! eqwpvt{! qh! vjg! cnkgpu!

7

pcvkqpcnkv{! cpf! kpugtvkpi! )qvjgt! vjcp! c! xkuc! fg.

8

uetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2**! kuuwgf! kp! c! eqpuwnct! qhhkeg!

9

nqecvgf! kp! vjg! eqwpvt{! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! pcvkqpcnkv{! qt!

;

hqtgkip! tgukfgpeg/!

21

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{! uwd.

22 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

23 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! c! xkuc! kuuwgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt!

24 chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

25 UGE/!513/!XKUC!KPHQTOCVKQP!UJCTKPI/!

26

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 333)h*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

27 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2313)h*)3**! ku! cogpfgf•!

28

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kuuwcpeg! qt! tghwucn! cpf! kpugtv.

29

kpi! kuuwcpeg-! tghwucn-! qt! tgxqecvkqp=!

2;

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi!

31

uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf! qp! vjg! dcuku! qh!

32

tgekrtqekv{=!

33

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*•!

34

)C*! d{! kpugtvkpi! )k*! chvgt! hqt! vjg! rwtrqug!

35

qh=! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
654 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11235 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 210 of 421

236!

2

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! knnkekv! ygcrqpu=! qt! cpf!

3

kpugtvkpi! knnkekv! ygcrqpu-! qt! )kk*! fgvgtokpkpi! c!

4

rgtuqpu! fgrqtvcdknkv{! qt! gnkikdknkv{! hqt! c! xkuc-!

5

cfokuukqp-! qt! qvjgt! kookitcvkqp! dgpghkv==!

6

)5*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)D*•!

7

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! cpf! kp.

8

ugtvkpi! hqt! qpg! qh! vjg! rwtrqugu=! cpf!

9

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! vq! fgp{! xkucu! vq! rgtuqpu!

;

yjq! yqwnf! dg!kpcfokuukdng! vq! vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

21

cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

22

)6*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

23

hqnnqykpi<!

24

)E*! ykvj! tgictf! vq! cp{! qt! cnn! cnkgpu! kp! vjg!

25

fcvcdcug! urgekhkgf! fcvc! gngogpvu! htqo! gcej!

26

tgeqtf-! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! fgvgtokpgu! vjcv!

27

kv! ku! kp! vjg! pcvkqpcn! kpvgtguv! vq! rtqxkfg! uwej! kp.

28

hqtocvkqp! vq! c! hqtgkip! iqxgtpogpv//!

29

)d*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!uwd.

2; ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! 71! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

31 gpcevogpv!qh!vjg!Cev/!

32 UGE/!514/!TGUVTKEVKPI!YCKXGT!QH!XKUC!KPVGTXKGYU/!

33

Ugevkqp! 333)j*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

34 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2313)j*)2*)D**!ku!cogpfgf•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
655 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11236 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 211 of 421

237!

2

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)E*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! kp! eqp.

3

uwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-!

4

chvgt! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{=!

5

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)E*)k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! yjgtg!

6

uwej! pcvkqpcn! kpvgtguv! ujcnn! pqv! kpenwfg! hceknkvcvkqp! qh!

7

vtcxgn! qh! hqtgkip! pcvkqpcnu! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! tgfwe.

8

vkqp! qh! xkuc! crrnkecvkqp! rtqeguukpi! vkogu-! qt! vjg! cnnq.

9

ecvkqp! qh! eqpuwnct! tguqwtegu! dghqtg! vjg! ugokeqnqp! cv!

;

vjg! gpf=!

21

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*•!

22

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf! qh! uwdrctc.

23

itcrj! )G*=!

24

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf! qh! uwd.

25

rctcitcrj! )H*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

26

)E*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

27

)I*! ku! cp! kpfkxkfwcn!

28

)k*! fgvgtokpgf! vq! dg! kp! c! encuu! qh!

29

cnkgpu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

2;

Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!vq!dg! vjtgcvu!vq!pcvkqpcn!

31

ugewtkv{=!

32

)kk*! kfgpvkhkgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

33

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cu! c! rgtuqp! qh! eqpegtp=!

34

qt!

35

)kkk*! crrn{kpi! hqt! c! xkuc! kp! c! xkuc!

36

ecvgiqt{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjkej! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
656 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11237 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 212 of 421

238!

2

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu! fgvgtokpgf! vjcv!

3

c! yckxgt! qh! vjg! xkuc! kpvgtxkgy! yqwnf! etgcvg!

4

c! jkij! tkum! qh! fgitcfcvkqp! qh! xkuc! rtqitco!

5

kpvgitkv{//!

6 UGE/! 515/! CWVJQTK\KPI! VJG! FGRCTVOGPV! QH! UVCVG! VQ!

7

PQV! KPVGTXKGY! EGTVCKP! KPGNKIKDNG! XKUC!

8

CRRNKECPVU/!

9

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 333)j*)2*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

; vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2313)j*)2**!ku!cogpfgf!

21 d{! kpugtvkpi! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

22 Uvcvg! vq! dg! kpgnkikdng! hqt! c! xkuc! dcugf! wrqp! tgxkgy! qh! vjg!

23 crrnkecvkqp!qt!chvgt!wpnguu/!

24

)d*! I

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! ;1! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!

25 qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! ujcnn!

26 kuuwg! iwkfcpeg! vq! eqpuwnct! qhhkegtu! qp! vjg! uvcpfctfu! cpf!

27 rtqeguugu! hqt! korngogpvkpi! vjg! cwvjqtkv{! vq! fgp{! xkuc! cr.

28 rnkecvkqpu! ykvjqwv! kpvgtxkgy! kp! ecugu! yjgtg! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fg.

29 vgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! vq! dg! kpgnkikdng! hqt! c!

2; xkuc!dcugf!wrqp!tgxkgy!qh!vjg!crrnkecvkqp/!

31

)e*! T

/•Pqv! nguu! htgswgpvn{! vjcp! qpeg! gcej!

32 swctvgt-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! ujcnn!uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqpitguu!

33 c! tgrqtv! qp! vjg! fgpkcn! qh! xkuc! crrnkecvkqpu! ykvjqwv! kpvgt.

34 xkgy-!kpenwfkpi•!

35

)2*! vjg! pwodgt! qh! uwej! fgpkcnu=! cpf!

36

)3*! c! rquv.d{.rquv! dtgcmfqyp! qh! uwej! fgpkcnu/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
657 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11238 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 213 of 421

239! 2 UGE/!516/!XKUC!TGHWUCN!CPF!TGXQECVKQP/!

3

)c*! C

U

J

!

4U

U

U /•!

5

)2*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 539! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf!

6

Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7! W/U/E/! 347*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

7

uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqpu! )d*! cpf! )e*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqn.

8

nqykpi<!

9

)d*! C

U

J

!

;U

/•!

21

)2*! K

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp!

22

215)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

23

W/U/E/! 2215)c**! qt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! cpf!

24

gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*! cpf! gzegrv! hqt! vjg!

25

cwvjqtkv{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! wpfgt! uwdrctc.

26

itcrju! )C*! cpf! )I*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*! qh! vjg! Kook.

27

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26**-!

28

vjg! Ugetgvct{•!

29

)C*! ujcnn! jcxg! gzenwukxg! cwvjqtkv{! vq! kuuwg!

2;

tgiwncvkqpu-! guvcdnkuj! rqnke{-! cpf! cfokpkuvgt! cpf!

31

gphqteg! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

32

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212! gv! ugs/*! cpf! cnn!

33

qvjgt! kookitcvkqp! qt! pcvkqpcnkv{! ncyu! tgncvkpi!

34

vq! vjg! hwpevkqpu! qh! eqpuwnct! qhhkegtu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

35

Uvcvgu! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! vjg! itcpvkpi! cpf! tg.

36

hwucn! qh! c! xkuc=! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
658 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11239 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 214 of 421

23;!

2

)D*! oc{! tghwug! qt! tgxqmg! cp{! xkuc! vq! cp{!

3

cnkgp! qt! encuu! qh! cnkgpu! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! qt! fgu.

4

kipgg-! fgvgtokpgu! vjcv! uwej! tghwucn! qt! tgxqecvkqp!

5

ku! pgeguuct{! qt! cfxkucdng! kp! vjg! ugewtkv{! kpvgtguvu!

6

qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

7

)3*! G

/•Vjg! tgxqecvkqp!

8

qh! cp{! xkuc! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )2*)D*•!

9

)C*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! koogfkcvgn{=! cpf!

;

)D*! ujcnn! cwvqocvkecnn{! ecpegn! cp{! qvjgt!

21

xcnkf! xkuc! vjcv! ku! kp! vjg! cnkgpu! rquuguukqp/!

22

)4*! L

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{!

23

qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 3352! qh! vkvng!

24

39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu!

25

rtqxkukqp-! cpf! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! uwej! vkvng-!

26

pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgxkgy! c! fgekukqp!

27

d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vq! tghwug! qt!

28

tgxqmg! c! xkuc-! cpf! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq!

29

jgct! cp{! encko! ctkukpi! htqo-! qt! cp{! ejcnngpig! vq-!

2;

uwej! c! tghwucn! qt! tgxqecvkqp/!

31

)e*!C

U

U /•!

32

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! oc{!

33

fktgev! c! eqpuwnct! qhhkegt! vq! tghwug! c! xkuc! tgswguvgf! d{!

34

cp! cnkgp! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! fgvgtokpgu! uwej! tg.

35

hwucn! vq! dg! pgeguuct{! qt! cfxkucdng! kp! vjg! kpvgtguvu! qh!

36

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
659 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1123; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 215 of 421

241!

2

)3*! N

/•Pq! fgekukqp! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

3

qh! Uvcvg! vq! crrtqxg! c! xkuc! oc{! qxgttkfg! c! fgekukqp! d{!

4

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp!

5

)d*//!

6

)3*! E

/•Ugevkqp!

7

348)c*)2*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

8

)9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)2*)D**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi!

9

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 332)k*/!

;

)4*! G

/•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

21

rctcitcrj! )2*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gp.

22

cevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! xkuc! tghwucnu!

23

cpf! tgxqecvkqpu! qeewttkpi! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej!

24

fcvg/!

25

)d*!V

E

J

U.

26

C /•Ugevkqp!539)c*!qh!vjg!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!Cev!

27 qh!3113!)7!W/U/E/!347)c**!ku!cogpfgf!d{•!

28

)2*!uvtkmkpi!uwdugevkqp! cpf!kpugtvkpi!ugevkqp=!

29

cpf!

2;

)3*! uvtkmkpi! eqpuwnct! qhhkeg!cpf!kpugtvkpi! eqp.

31

uwnct! qhhkegt/!

32 UGE/!517/!HWPFKPI!HQT!VJG!XKUC!UGEWTKV[!RTQITCO/!

33

)c*! K I

/•Vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! Tg.

34 ncvgf!Cigpe{!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev-!3116!)vkvng!KX!qh!fkxkukqp!

35 D! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 219558*! ku! cogpfgf-! kp! vjg! hqwtvj! rctc.

36 itcrj! wpfgt! vjg! jgcfkpi! Fkrnqocvke! cpf! Eqpuwnct! Rtq.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
660 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11241 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 216 of 421

242!

2 itcou-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Dgikppkpi! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu!

3 vjtqwij! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

4 Dgikppkpi! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3116! cpf! vjgtgchvgt-! vjg! Uge.

5 tgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! ejctig! uwtejctigu! tgncvgf!

6 vq! eqpuwnct! ugtxkegu! kp! uwrrqtv! qh! gpjcpegf! dqtfgt! ugewtkv{!

7 vjcv! ctg! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! vjg! kookitcpv! xkuc! hggu! kp! ghhgev!

8 qp! Lcpwct{! 2-! 3115<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! hwpfu! eqnngevgf! rwtuw.

9 cpv! vq! vjku! cwvjqtkv{! ujcnn! dg! etgfkvgf! vq! vjg! crrtqrtkcvkqp!

; hqt!W/U/!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Ewuvqou!Gphqtegogpv!hqt!vjg!hku.

21 ecn!{gct!kp!yjkej!vjg!hggu!ygtg!eqnngevgf-!cpf!ujcnn!dg!cxckn.

22 cdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf! hqt! vjg! hwpfkpi! qh! vjg! Xkuc! Ugewtkv{!

23 Rtqitco!guvcdnkujgf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!

24 wpfgt! ugevkqp! 539)g*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113!

25 )Rwdnke! Ncy! 2183;7*<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! uwej! uwt.

26 ejctigu!ujcnn!dg!21!rgtegpv!qh!vjg!hgg!cuuguugf!qp!kookitcpv!

27 xkuc!crrnkecvkqpu//!

28

)d*! T

C

H /•Vygpv{!

29 rgtegpv! qh! vjg! hwpfu! eqnngevgf! gcej! hkuecn! {gct! wpfgt! vjg!

2; jgcfkpi! Fkrnqocvke! cpf! Eqpuwnct! Rtqitcou! kp! vjg! Fg.

31 rctvogpv!qh!Uvcvg!cpf!Tgncvgf!Cigpe{!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev-!

32 3116! )vkvng! KX! qh! fkxkukqp! D! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 219558*-! cu!

33 cogpfgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! ujcnn! dg! fgrqukvgf! kpvq! vjg! igp.

34 gtcn! hwpf! qh! vjg! Vtgcuwt{! cu! tgrc{ogpv! qh! hwpfu! crrtq.

35 rtkcvgf! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 518)e*! qh! vjku! Cev! wpvkn! vjg! gp.

36 vktg!crrtqrtkcvgf!uwo!jcu!dggp!tgrckf/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
661 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11242 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 217 of 421

243! 2 UGE/! 518/! GZRGFKVKQWU! GZRCPUKQP! QH! XKUC! UGEWTKV[!

3

RTQITCO!VQ!JKIJ.TKUM!RQUVU/!

4

)c*!K I

/•Ugevkqp!539)k*!qh!vjg!Jqogncpf!Ug.

5 ewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7! W/U/E/! 347)k**! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf!

6 cu!hqnnqyu<!

7

)k*! X K

F

J .T !

8 R /•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! vjg!

9 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! qp.ukvg!

; tgxkgy! qh! cnn! xkuc! crrnkecvkqpu! cpf! uwrrqtvkpi! fqewogpvc.

21 vkqp!dghqtg!cflwfkecvkqp!cv!vjg!vqr!41!xkuc.kuuwkpi!rquvu!fgu.

22 kipcvgf! lqkpvn{! d{! vjg! Ugetgvctkgu! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! Jqogncpf!

23 Ugewtkv{!cu!jkij.tkum!rquvu//!

24

)d*! C

R

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! qpg!

25 {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! ugevkqp-! vjg! Uge.

26 tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! cuukip! rgtuqppgn! vq! vjg!

27 xkuc.kuuwkpi! rquvu! tghgtgpegf! kp! ugevkqp! 539)k*! qh! vjg! Jqog.

28 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7! W/U/E/! 347)k**-! cu! cogpfgf!

29 d{! vjku! ugevkqp-! cpf! eqoowpkecvg! uwej! cuukipogpvu! vq! vjg!

2; Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg/!

31

)e*! C

/•Vjgtg! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! cr.

32 rtqrtkcvgf!%71-111-111!hqt!gcej!qh!vjg!hkuecn!{gctu!3125!cpf!

33 3126-! yjkej! ujcnn! dg! wugf! vq! gzrgfkvg! vjg! korngogpvcvkqp!

34 qh!ugevkqp!539)k*!qh!vjg!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!Cev-!cu!cogpfgf!

35 d{!vjku!ugevkqp/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
662 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11243 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 218 of 421

244! 2 UGE/! 519/! GZRGFKVGF! ENGCTCPEG! CPF! RNCEGOGPV! QH! FG.

3

RCTVOGPV! QH! JQOGNCPF! UGEWTKV[! RGT.

4

UQPPGN! CV! QXGTUGCU! GODCUUKGU! CPF! EQP.

5

UWNCT!RQUVU/!

6

Ugevkqp! 539! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7!

7 W/U/E/!347*!ku!cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

8

)l*! G

E

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9

J

U

R

Q.

;

G

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R /•Pqvykvj.

21 uvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! cpf! vjg! rtqeguugu! ugv!

22 hqtvj!kp!Pcvkqpcn!Ugewtkv{!Fghgpug!Fktgevkxg!49!)fcvgf!Lwpg!

23 3-! 2;93*! qt! cp{! uweeguuqt! Fktgevkxg-! vjg! Ejkgh! qh! Okuukqp!

24 qh! c! rquv! vq! yjkej! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu!

25 cuukipgf! rgtuqppgn! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )g*! qt! )k*! ujcnn! gpuwtg-!

26 pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qp! yjkej! vjg! Uge.

27 tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! eqoowpkecvgu! uwej! cuukip.

28 ogpv! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg-! vjcv! uwej! rgtuqppgn! jcxg!

29 dggp! uvcvkqpgf! cpf! ceeqooqfcvgf! cv! rquv! cpf! ctg! cdng! vq!

2; ectt{!qwv!vjgkt!fwvkgu//!

31 UGE/!51;/!CEETGFKVCVKQP!TGSWKTGOGPVU/!

32

)c*!E

-! W

-! N

V.

33 R

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

34 Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

35

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )26*)H*)k*•!

36

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp! 325)n*! cv! cp! guvcd.

37

nkujgf!eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! ugokpct{-! eqpugtxcvqt{-!

•JT! 3389! TJ
663 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11244 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 219 of 421

245!

2

cecfgoke! jkij! uejqqn-! gngogpvct{! uejqqn-! qt! qvjgt!

3

cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt! kp! cp! ceetgfkvgf! ncp.

4

iwcig! vtckpkpi! rtqitco! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

5

cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 325)o*! cv! cp! ceetgfkvgf!

6

eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! qt! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi! rtq.

7

itco-! qt! cv! cp! guvcdnkujgf! ugokpct{-! eqpugtx.

8

cvqt{-! cecfgoke! jkij! uejqqn-! gngogpvct{! uejqqn-!

9

qt! qvjgt! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

;

Uvcvgu=!

21

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej!

22

rnceg! uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Uge.

23

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=! cpf!

24

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf! kh! cp{! uwej! kpuvkvwvkqp!

25

qh! ngctpkpi! qt! rnceg! qh! uvwf{! hcknu! vq! ocmg! tg.

26

rqtvu! rtqorvn{! vjg! crrtqxcn! ujcnn! dg! ykvj.

27

ftcyp-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cpf! kh! cp{! uwej! kpuvkvw.

28

vkqp! qh! ngctpkpi! qh! rnceg! qh! uvwf{! hcknu! vq! ocmg!

29

tgrqtvu! rtqorvn{! qt! hcknu! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! cp{! ce.

2;

etgfkvcvkqp! tgswktgogpv! )kpenwfkpi! fgcfnkpgu! hqt!

31

uwdokvvkpi! ceetgfkvcvkqp! crrnkecvkqpu! qt! qdvckp.

32

kpi! ceetgfkvcvkqp*! vjg! crrtqxcn! ujcnn! dg! ykvj.

33

ftcyp-=! cpf!

34

)3*! d{! cogpfkpi! rctcitcrj! )63*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqn.

35

nqyu<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
664 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11245 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 220 of 421

246!

2

)63*! Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! ugevkqp! 325)o*)5*-! vjg!

3 vgto! ceetgfkvgf! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! qt! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi!

4 rtqitco! ogcpu! c! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! qt! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi!

5 rtqitco! vjcv! ku! ceetgfkvgf! d{! cp! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! tgeqi.

6 pk|gf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Gfwecvkqp//!

7

)d*! Q

C

K

/•Ugevkqp!

8 325)o*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

9 2295)o**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

;

)4*!Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!tgswktg!

21 ceetgfkvcvkqp! qh! cp! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! )gzegrv! hqt! ugo.

22 kpctkgu! qt! qvjgt! tgnkikqwu! kpuvkvwvkqpu*! hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! uge.

23 vkqp!212)c*)26*)H*!kh•!

24

)C*! vjcv! kpuvkvwvkqp! ku! pqv! cntgcf{! tgswktgf! vq!

25

dg! ceetgfkvgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)H*)k*=! cpf!

26

)D*! cp! crrtqrtkcvg! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! tgeqi.

27

pk|gf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Gfwecvkqp! ku! cdng! vq! rtqxkfg!

28

uwej! ceetgfkvcvkqp/!

29

)5*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! vjg! Uge.

2; tgvct{u! fkuetgvkqp-! oc{! yckxg! vjg! ceetgfkvcvkqp! tgswktg.

31 ogpv!kp!rctcitcrj! )4*!qt! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)H*)k*! ykvj!tg.

32 urgev!vq!cp!kpuvkvwvkqp!kh!uwej!kpuvkvwvkqp•!

33

)C*! ku! qvjgtykug! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! tgswktg.

34

ogpvu! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)H*)k*=! cpf!

35

)D*! jcu! dggp! c! ecpfkfcvg! hqt! ceetgfkvcvkqp! hqt!

36

cv! ngcuv! 2! {gct! cpf! eqpvkpwgu! vq! rtqitguu! vqyctf! ce.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
665 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11246 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 221 of 421

247!

2

etgfkvcvkqp! d{! cp! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! tgeqipk|gf! d{!

3

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Gfwecvkqp//!

4

)e*!G

F /•!

5

)2*! K

/•Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! rctc.

6

itcrj! )3*-! vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp!

7

ujcnn•!

8

)C*! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 291! fc{u!

9

chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

;

)D*! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! crrnkecvkqpu! hqt!

21

pqpkookitcpv! xkucu! vjcv! ctg! hkngf! qp! qt! chvgt! vjg!

22

ghhgevkxg! fcvg! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*/!

23

)3*! V

/•Fwtkpi! vjg! 4.{gct!

24

rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! qp! vjg! ghhgevkxg! fcvg! fguetkdgf! kp!

25

rctcitcrj! )2*)C*-! cp! kpuvkvwvkqp! vjcv! ku! pgyn{! tg.

26

swktgf! vq! dg! ceetgfkvgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! oc{! eqp.

27

vkpwg! vq! rctvkekrcvg! kp! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig!

28

Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! vjg! kpuvkvwvkqpu!

29

ncem! qh! ceetgfkvcvkqp! kh! vjg! kpuvkvwvkqp•!

2;

)C*! ycu! egtvkhkgf! wpfgt! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf!

31

Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qp! uwej! fcvg=!

32

)D*! uwdokvvgf! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! ceetgfkvc.

33

vkqp! vq! cp! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! tgeqipk|gf! d{! vjg!

34

Ugetgvct{! qh! Gfwecvkqp! fwtkpi! vjg! 7.oqpvj! rg.

35

tkqf! gpfkpi! qp! uwej! fcvg=! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
666 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11247 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 222 of 421

248!

2

)E*! eqpvkpwgu! vq! rtqitguu! vqyctf! ceetgfkvc.

3

vkqp! d{! uwej! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{/!

4 UGE/!521/!XKUC!HTCWF/!

5

)c*! V

U

UGXKU! C /•!

6 Ugevkqp! 752)f*! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Ko.

7 okitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2483)f**! ku!

8 cogpfgf•!

9

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! kpuvkvw.

;

vkqp--! cpf! kpugtvkpi! kpuvkvwvkqp-=! cpf!

21

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

22

)4*! G

!

23

/•Kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu!

24

tgcuqpcdng! uwurkekqp! vjcv! cp! qypgt! qh-! qt! c! fgu.

25

kipcvgf! uejqqn! qhhkekcn! cv-! cp! crrtqxgf! kpuvkvwvkqp! qh!

26

jkijgt! gfwecvkqp-! cp! qvjgt! crrtqxgf! gfwecvkqpcn! kp.

27

uvkvwvkqp-! qt! c! fgukipcvgf! gzejcpig! xkukvqt! rtqitco!

28

jcu! eqookvvgf! htcwf! qt! cvvgorvgf! vq! eqookv! htcwf!

29

tgncvkpi! vq! cp{! curgev! qh! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig!

2;

Xkukvqt! Rtqitco-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! koogfkcvgn{! uwu.

31

rgpf-! ykvjqwv! pqvkeg-! uwej! qhhkekcnu! qt! uwej! uejqqnu!

32

ceeguu! vq! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Kphqtoc.

33

vkqp! U{uvgo! )UGXKU*-! kpenwfkpi! vjg! cdknkv{! vq! kuuwg!

34

Hqto! K31u-! rgpfkpi! c! hkpcn! fgvgtokpcvkqp! d{! vjg!

35

Ugetgvct{! ykvj!tgurgev!vq!vjg! kpuvkvwvkqpu! egtvkhkecvkqp!

36

wpfgt! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco//!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
667 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11248 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 223 of 421

249!

2

)d*! G

E

X H /•Uwej!

3 ugevkqp! 752)f*-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*-! ku! hwtvjgt!

4 cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

5

)5*! R

!

6

/•C! fgukipcvgf! uejqqn! qhhkekcn! cv-! qt! cp! qypgt!

7

qh-! cp! crrtqxgf! kpuvkvwvkqp! qh! jkijgt! gfwecvkqp-! cp!

8

qvjgt! crrtqxgf! gfwecvkqpcn! kpuvkvwvkqp-! qt! c! fgu.

9

kipcvgf! gzejcpig! xkukvqt! rtqitco! yjq! ku! eqpxkevgf! hqt!

;

htcwf! tgncvkpi! vq! cp{! curgev! qh! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gz.

21

ejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! ujcnn! dg! rgtocpgpvn{! fku.

22

swcnkhkgf! htqo! hknkpi! hwvwtg! rgvkvkqpu! cpf! htqo! jcxkpi!

23

cp! qypgtujkr! kpvgtguv! qt! c! ocpcigogpv! tqng-! kpenwf.

24

kpi!ugtxkpi!cu!c!rtkpekrcn-! qypgt-!qhhkegt-!dqctf! ogo.

25

dgt-! igpgtcn! rctvpgt-! fgukipcvgf! uejqqn! qhhkekcn-! qt! cp{!

26

qvjgt! rqukvkqp! qh! uwduvcpvkxg! cwvjqtkv{! hqt! vjg! qrgt.

27

cvkqpu! qt! ocpcigogpv! qh! vjg! kpuvkvwvkqp-! kp! cp{!

28

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! gfwecvkqpcn! kpuvkvwvkqp! vjcv! gptqnnu!

29

pqpkookitcpv! cnkgp! uvwfgpvu! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

2;

itcrj! )H*! qt! )O*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*! vjg! Kookitc.

31

vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26**//!

32 UGE/!522/!DCEMITQWPF!EJGEMU/!

33

)c*!K I

/•Ugevkqp! 752)f*! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kook.

34 itcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7!

35 )9! W/U/E/! 2483)f**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 522)d*! qh! vjku!

36 Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
668 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11249 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 224 of 421

24;!

2

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/•Cp! kpfkxkfwcn! oc{! pqv!

4

ugtxg! cu! c! fgukipcvgf! uejqqn! qhhkekcn! qt! dg! itcpvgf!

5

ceeguu! vq! UGXKU! wpnguu! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn! ku! c! pc.

6

vkqpcn! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{!

7

cfokvvgf!hqt!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpeg!cpf! fwtkpi!vjg!

8

oquv! tgegpv! 4.{gct! rgtkqf•!

9

)k*! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

;

tkv{! jcu•!

21

)K*! eqpfwevgf! c! vjqtqwij! dcem.

22

itqwpf!ejgem! qp!vjg! kpfkxkfwcn-!kpenwf.

23

kpi! c! tgxkgy! qh! vjg! kpfkxkfwcnu! etkok.

24

pcn! cpf! ugz! qhhgpfgt! jkuvqt{! cpf! vjg!

25

xgtkhkecvkqp! qh! vjg! kpfkxkfwcnu! kook.

26

itcvkqp! uvcvwu=! cpf!

27

)KK*! fgvgtokpgf! vjcv! vjg! kpfk.

28

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xkqncvkqp! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! kookitcvkqp!

2;

ncy! cpf! ku! pqv! c! tkum! vq! pcvkqpcn! ugew.

31

tkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! cpf!

32

)kk*! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn! jcu! uweeguuhwnn{!

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eqorngvgf! cp! qp.nkpg! vtckpkpi! eqwtug! qp!

34

UGXR! cpf! UGXKU-! yjkej! jcu! dggp! fgxgn.

35

qrgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 225 of 421

251!

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7

eqpfwevkpi! vjg! dcemitqwpf! ejgem! tgswktgf!

8

d{! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*)k*)K*/!

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22

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24

vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! tgxkgy! gcej! Hqto! K31!

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26

hkekcn/!

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28

c! hgg! htqo! cp! crrtqxgf! uejqqn! hqt! gcej! dcemitqwpf!

29

ejgem! eqpfwevgf! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )7*)C*)k*/! Vjg!

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coqwpv! qh! uwej! hgg! ujcnn! dg! gswcn! vq! vjg! cxgtcig!

31

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32

dcemitqwpf! ejgemu//!

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F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{! uwd.

34 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 2! {gct! chvgt!

35 vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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670 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11251 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 226 of 421

252! 2 UGE/!523/!PWODGT!QH!FGUKIPCVGF!UEJQQN!QHHKEKCNU/!

3

Ugevkqp! 752)f*! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf!

4 Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2483)f**-!

5 cu!cogpfgf!d{!ugevkqp!523)c*!qh!vjku!Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpf.

6 gf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

7

)8*! P

.

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uejqqnu! Rtkpekrcn! Fgukipcvgf! Uejqqn! Qhhkekcn! )RFUQ*!

21

cu! vjg{! fgvgtokpg! pgeguuct{! vq! cfgswcvgn{! rtqxkfg! tge.

22

qoogpfcvkqpu! vq! uvwfgpvu! gptqnngf! cv! vjg! uejqqn! tg.

23

ictfkpi! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! pqpkookitcpv! uvcvwu! wpfgt!

24

uwdrctcitcrj! )H*! qt! )O*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*! cpf! vq!

25

uwrrqtv! vkogn{! cpf! eqorngvg! tgeqtfmggrkpi! cpf! tg.

26

rqtvkpi! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! cu! tg.

27

swktgf! d{! vjku! ugevkqp-! gzegrv! vjcv! c! uejqqn! oc{! pqv!

28

jcxg! nguu! vjcp! qpg! FUQ! rgt! gxgt{! 311! uvwfgpvu! yjq!

29

jcxg! pqpkookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uwdrctcitcrj!

2;

)H*-! )L*-! qt! )O*! qh! uwej! ugevkqp/! Uejqqn! qhhkekcnu! ujcnn!

31

pqv! rgtokv! c! FUQ! qt! RFUQ! pqokpgg! ceeguu! vq!

32

UGXKU! wpvkn! vjg! Ugetgvct{! crrtqxgu! vjg! pqokpc.

33

vkqp//!

34 UGE/!524/!TGRQTVKPI!TGSWKTGOGPV/!

35

Ugevkqp! 553)c*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113!

36 )7!W/U/E/!363)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
671 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11252 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 227 of 421

253!

2

)2*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! rctcitcrj! )6*! cu! rctc.

3

itcrj! )7*=! cpf!

4

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )5*! vjg! hqn.

5

nqykpi<!

6

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.

7

/•Kp! cfokpkuvgtkpi! vjg! rtqitco! wpfgt! rctc.

8

itcrj! )5*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn-! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! qpg! {gct!

9

chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! rctcitcrj-! rtg.

;

uetkdg! tgiwncvkqpu! vq! tgswktg! cp! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt! gz.

21

ejcpig! xkukvqt! rtqitco! urqpuqt! rctvkekrcvkpi! kp! vjg!

22

Uvwfgpv! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! vq! gpuwtg! vjcv!

23

gcej! uvwfgpv! qt! gzejcpig! xkukvqt! yjq! jcu! pqp.

24

kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uwdrctcitcrj! )H*-! )L*-!

25

qt! )O*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

26

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26**! gptqnngf! cv!

27

vjg! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt! cvvgpfkpi! vjg! gzejcpig! xkukvqt! rtq.

28

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29

qh•!

2;

)C*! vtcpuhgttkpi! vq! cpqvjgt! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt!

31

rtqitco=!

32

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33

)E*! cp{! qvjgt! ejcpigu! vq! kphqtocvkqp! tg.

34

swktgf! vq! dg! ockpvckpgf! kp! vjg! u{uvgo! fguetkdgf!

35

kp! rctcitcrj! )5*//!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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672 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11253 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 228 of 421

254! 2 UGE/!525/!HNKIJV!UEJQQNU!PQV!EGTVKHKGF!D[!HCC/!

3

)c*! K I

/•Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp!

4 )d*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! rtqjkdkv! cp{!

5 hnkijv! uejqqn! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! htqo! ceeguukpi! UGXKU! qt!

6 kuuwkpi!c!Hqto!K31!vq!cp!cnkgp!uggmkpi!c!uvwfgpv!xkuc!rwt.

7 uwcpv! vq! uwdrctcitcrj! )H*)k*! qt! )O*)k*! qh! ugevkqp!

8 212)c*)26*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

9 W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26**! kh! vjg! hnkijv! uejqqn! jcu! pqv! dggp! egt.

; vkhkgf!vq!vjg!ucvkuhcevkqp!qh!vjg!Ugetgvct{!cpf!d{!vjg!Hgfgtcn!

21 Cxkcvkqp!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!rwtuwcpv!vq!rctv!252!qt!rctv!253!

22 qh!vkvng!25-!Eqfg!qh!Hgfgtcn!Tgiwncvkqpu!)qt!ukoknct!uweeguuqt!

23 tgiwncvkqpu*/!

24

)d*! V

G

/•Fwtkpi! vjg! 6.{gct! rg.

25 tkqf! dgikppkpi! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-!

26 vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! yckxg! vjg! tgswktgogpv! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp!

27 )c*! vjcv! c! hnkijv! uejqqn! dg! egtvkhkgf! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp!

28 Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!kh!uwej!hnkijv!uejqqn•!

29

)2*! ycu! egtvkhkgf! wpfgt! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gz.

2;

ejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

31

qh! vjku! Cev=!

32

)3*! uwdokvvgf! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! egtvkhkecvkqp!

33

ykvj! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! fwtkpi! vjg!

34

2.{gct! rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! qp! uwej! fcvg=! cpf!

35

)4*! eqpvkpwgu! vq! rtqitguu! vqyctf! egtvkhkecvkqp! d{!

36

vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
673 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11254 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 229 of 421

255! 2 UGE/!526/!TGXQECVKQP!QH!CEETGFKVCVKQP/!

3

Cv! vjg! vkog! cp! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! qt! cuuqekcvkqp! ku! tg.

4 swktgf! vq! pqvkh{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Gfwecvkqp! cpf! vjg! crrtq.

5 rtkcvg!Uvcvg!nkegpukpi!qt!cwvjqtk|kpi!cigpe{!qh!vjg!hkpcn!fg.

6 pkcn-! ykvjftcycn-! uwurgpukqp-! qt! vgtokpcvkqp! qh! ceetgfkvc.

7 vkqp!qh!cp!kpuvkvwvkqp!rwtuwcpv!vq!ugevkqp!5;7!qh!vjg!Jkijgt!

8 Gfwecvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;76! )31! W/U/E/! 21;;d*-! uwej! ceetgfkvkpi!

9 cigpe{! qt! cuuqekcvkqp! ujcnn! pqvkh{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

; ncpf! Ugewtkv{! qh! uwej! fgvgtokpcvkqp! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

21 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! koogfkcvgn{! ykvjftcy! vjg! uejqqn!

22 htqo! vjg! UGXR! cpf! rtqjkdkv! vjg! uejqqn! htqo! ceeguukpi!

23 UGXKU/!

24 UGE/!527/!TGRQTV!QP!TKUM!CUUGUUOGPV/!

25

Pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!291!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

26 qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! uwd.

27 okv! vq! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg! cpf!

28 vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgrtgugpvc.

29 vkxgu!c!tgrqtv!vjcv!eqpvckpu!vjg!tkum!cuuguuogpv!uvtcvgi{!vjcv!

2; yknn! dg! gornq{gf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! kfgpvkh{-! kpxguvkicvg-!

31 cpf!vcmg!crrtqrtkcvg!cevkqp!cickpuv!uejqqnu!cpf!uejqqn!qhhk.

32 ekcnu! vjcv! ctg! hceknkvcvkpi! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! Hqto! K31! cpf!

33 vjg! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! uvwfgpv! xkuc! uvcvwu! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! vjg!

34 kookitcvkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

35 UGE/!528/!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!ICQ!TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU/!

36

Pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!291!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

37 qh!vjku!cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!uwdokv!

•JT! 3389! TJ
674 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11255 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 230 of 421

256!

2 vq! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg! cpf! vjg!

3 Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu!

4 c!tgrqtv!vjcv!fguetkdgu•!

5

)2*! vjg! rtqeguu! kp! rnceg! vq! kfgpvkh{! cpf! cuuguu!

6

tkumu! kp! vjg! UGXR=!

7

)3*! c! tkum! cuuguuogpv! rtqeguu! vq! cnnqecvg! UGXRu!

8

tguqwtegu! dcugf! qp! tkum=!

9

)4*! vjg! rtqegfwtgu! kp! rnceg! hqt! eqpukuvgpvn{! gp.

;

uwtkpi! c! uejqqnu! gnkikdknkv{-! kpenwfkpi! eqpukuvgpvn{!

21

xgtkh{kpi! kp! nkgw! qh! ngvvgtu=!

22

)5*! jqy! UGXR! kfgpvkhkgf! cpf! cfftguugf! okuukpi!

23

uejqqn! ecug! hkngu=!

24

)6*! c! rncp! vq! fgxgnqr! cpf! korngogpv! c! rtqeguu!

25

vq! oqpkvqt! uvcvg! nkegpukpi! cpf! ceetgfkvcvkqp! uvcvwu! qh!

26

cnn! UGXR.egtvkhkgf! uejqqnu=!

27

)7*! yjgvjgt! cnn! hnkijv! uejqqnu! vjcv! jcxg! pqv! dggp!

28

egtvkhkgf! vq! vjg! ucvkuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! cpf! d{!

29

vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! jcxg! dggp! tg.

2;

oqxgf! htqo! vjg! rtqitco! cpf! jcxg! dggp! tguvtkevgf!

31

htqo! ceeguukpi! UGXKU=!

32

)8*! vjg! uvcpfctf! qrgtcvkpi! rtqegfwtgu! vjcv! iqx.

33

gtp! eqqtfkpcvkqp! coqpi! UGXR-! Eqwpvgtvgttqtkuo! cpf!

34

Etkokpcn! Gzrnqkvcvkqp! Wpkv-! cpf! W/U/! Kookitcvkqp!

35

cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! hkgnf! qhhkegu=! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
675 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11256 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 231 of 421

257!

2

)9*! vjg! guvcdnkujgf! etkvgtkc! hqt! tghgttkpi! ecugu! qh!

3

c! rqvgpvkcnn{! etkokpcn! pcvwtg! htqo! UGXR! vq! vjg!

4

eqwpvgtvgttqtkuo! cpf! kpvgnnkigpeg! eqoowpkv{/!

5 UGE/!529/!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!UGXKU!KK/!

6

Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 3! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

7 qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! eqo.

8 rngvg! vjg! fgrnq{ogpv! qh! dqvj! rjcugu! qh! vjg! 3pf! igpgtcvkqp!

9 Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Kphqtocvkqp! U{uvgo! )eqo.

; oqpn{!mpqyp!cu!UGXKU!KK*/!

21 UGE/!52;/!FGHKPKVKQPU/!

22

)c*!F

/•Hqt!rwtrqugu!qh!vjku!vkvng<!

23

)2*! UGXKU/Vjg! vgto! UGXKU! ogcpu! vjg! Uvw.

24

fgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Kphqtocvkqp! U{uvgo! qh! vjg!

25

Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

26

)3*! UGXR/Vjg! vgto! UGXR! ogcpu! vjg! Uvw.

27

fgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qh! vjg! Fgrctv.

28

ogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

29 VKVNG! XCKF! VQ! W/U/! KOOKITC.

2; VKQP! CPF! EWUVQOU! GP.

31 HQTEGOGPV!QHHKEGTU!

32 UGE/!612/!KEG!KOOKITCVKQP!GPHQTEGOGPV!CIGPVU/!

33

)c*! K I

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

34 tkv{!ujcnn!cwvjqtk|g!cnn!kookitcvkqp!gphqtegogpv!cigpvu!cpf!

35 fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
676 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11257 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 232 of 421

258!

2 tkv{!yjq!jcxg!uweeguuhwnn{!eqorngvgf!dcuke!kookitcvkqp!ncy!

3 gphqtegogpv! vtckpkpi! vq! gzgtekug! vjg! rqygtu! eqphgttgf! d{•!

4

)2*! ugevkqp! 398)c*)6*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

5

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! vq! cttguv! hqt! cp{! qhhgpug! cickpuv! vjg!

6

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

7

)3*! ugevkqp! 398)c*)6*)D*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! cttguv! hqt!

8

cp{! hgnqp{=!

9

)4*! ugevkqp! 385)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! cttguv! hqt! dtkpi.

;

kpi! kp-! vtcpurqtvkpi-! qt! jctdqtkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu-! qt!

21

kpfwekpi! vjgo! vq! gpvgt=!

22

)5*! ugevkqp! 398)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! gzgewvg! yct.

23

tcpvu! qh! cttguv! hqt! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! kookitcvkqp! xkqnc.

24

vkqpu! kuuwgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 347! qh! vjg! Cev! qt! vq! gzgewvg!

25

ycttcpvu! qh! etkokpcn! cttguv! kuuwgf! wpfgt! vjg! cwvjqt.

26

kv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! cpf!

27

)6*! ugevkqp! 398)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! ectt{! hktgctou-!

28

rtqxkfgf! vjcv! vjg{! ctg! kpfkxkfwcnn{! swcnkhkgf! d{!

29

vtckpkpi! cpf! gzrgtkgpeg! vq! jcpfng! cpf! uchgn{! qrgtcvg!

2;

vjg! hktgctou! vjg{! ctg! rgtokvvgf! vq! ectt{-! ockpvckp!

31

rtqhkekgpe{! kp! vjg! wug! qh! uwej! hktgctou-! cpf! cfjgtg! vq!

32

vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjg! gphqtegogpv! uvcpfctf! iqxgtpkpi!

33

vjg! wug! qh! hqteg/!

34

)d*!C

R

/•Ugevkqp!398)c*)3*!qh!vjg!Kook.

35 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2468)c*)3**! ku!

36 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! tgiwncvkqp! cpf! ku! nkmgn{! vq! guecrg! dg.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
677 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11258 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 233 of 421

259!

2 hqtg! c! ycttcpv! ecp! dg! qdvckpgf! hqt! jku! cttguv-! cpf! kpugtv.

3 kpi!tgiwncvkqp-/!

4

)e*! R /•Kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! ujcnn! dg!

5 rckf! qp! vjg! ucog! uecng! cu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

6 hqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! cpf! ujcnn! tgegkxg! vjg! ucog!

7 dgpghkvu/!

8 UGE/!613/!KEG!FGVGPVKQP!GPHQTEGOGPV!QHHKEGTU/!

9

)c*!C

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ug.

; ewtkv{! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! jktg! 3-611! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewu.

21 vqou!Gphqtegogpv!fgvgpvkqp!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu/!

22

)d*! F /•Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv!

23 fgvgpvkqp! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! yjq! jcxg! uweeguuhwnn{! eqo.

24 rngvgf! fgvgpvkqp! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! dcuke! vtckpkpi! ujcnn!

25 dg!tgurqpukdng!hqt•!

26

)2*! vcmkpi! cpf! ockpvckpkpi! ewuvqf{! qh! cp{! rgt.

27

uqp! yjq! jcu! dggp! cttguvgf! d{! cp! kookitcvkqp! qhhkegt=!

28

)3*! vtcpurqtvkpi! cpf! iwctfkpi! kookitcvkqp! fg.

29

vckpggu=!

2;

)4*! ugewtkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

31

fgvgpvkqp! hceknkvkgu=! cpf!

32

)5*! cuukuvkpi! kp! vjg! rtqeguukpi! qh! fgvckpggu/!

33 UGE/! 614/! GPUWTKPI! VJG! UCHGV[! QH! KEG! QHHKEGTU! CPF!

34

CIGPVU/!

35

)c*! D C /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

36 tkv{! ujcnn! gpuwtg! vjcv! gxgt{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
678 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11259 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 234 of 421

25;!

2 hqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegt! cpf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv!

3 cigpv! qp! fwv{! ku! kuuwgf! jkij.swcnkv{! dqf{! ctoqt! vjcv! ku!

4 crrtqrtkcvg! hqt! vjg! enkocvg! cpf! tkumu! hcegf! d{! vjg! cigpv/!

5 Gpqwij!dqf{!ctoqt!owuv!dg!rwtejcugf!vq!eqxgt!gxgt{!cigpv!

6 kp!vjg!hkgnf/!

7

)d*! Y

/•Uwej! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! gpuwtg! vjcv! Ko.

8 okitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu!

9 cpf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! ctg! gswkrrgf! ykvj!

; ygcrqpu!vjcv!ctg!tgnkcdng!cpf!ghhgevkxg!vq!rtqvgev!vjgougnxgu-!

21 vjgkt! hgnnqy! cigpvu-! cpf! kppqegpv! vjktf! rctvkgu! htqo! vjg!

22 vjtgcvu! rqugf! d{! ctogf! etkokpcnu/! Uwej! ygcrqpu! ujcnn! kp.

23 enwfg-! cv! c! okpkowo-! uvcpfctf.kuuwg! jcpfiwpu-! O5! )qt!

24 gswkxcngpv*!tkhngu-!cpf!Vcugtu/!

25

)e*! G

F /•Vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev!

26 ;1!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

27 UGE/!615/!KEG!CFXKUQT[!EQWPEKN/!

28

)c*!G

/•Cp!KEG!Cfxkuqt{!Eqwpekn!ujcnn!

29 dg! guvcdnkujgf! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 4! oqpvju! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

2; gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

31

)d*! O

/•Vjg! KEG! Cfxkuqt! Eqwpekn! ujcnn! dg!

32 eqortkugf!qh!8!ogodgtu/!

33

)e*! C

/•Ogodgtu! ujcnn! vq! dg! crrqkpvgf! kp!

34 vjg!hqnnqykpi!ocppgt<!

35

)2*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg! Rtguk.

36

fgpv=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
679 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1125; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 235 of 421

261!

2

)3*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg!crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg! Ejckt.

3

ocp! qh! vjg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg! qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgr.

4

tgugpvcvkxgu=!

5

)4*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg!crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg! Ejckt.

6

ocp! qh! vjg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg=!

7

)5*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg! Nqecn!

8

622-! vjg! KEG! rtqugewvqtu! wpkqp=! cpf!

9

)6*! Vjtgg! ogodgtu! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg! Pc.

;

vkqpcn! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! Eqwp.

21

ekn/!

22

)f*! V /•Ogodgtu! ujcnn! ugtxg! tgpgycdng-! 3.{gct!

23 vgtou/!

24

)g*! X

/•Ogodgtujkr! ujcnn! dg! xqnwpvct{! cpf!

25 pqp.tgowpgtcvgf-! gzegrv! vjcv! ogodgtu! yknn! tgegkxg! tgko.

26 dwtugogpv! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hqt!

27 vtcxgn!cpf!qvjgt!tgncvgf!gzrgpugu/!

28

)h*!T

R

/•Ogodgtu!yjq!ctg!go.

29 rnq{gf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!dg!rtq.

2; vgevgf! htqo! tgvcnkcvkqp! d{! vjgkt! uwrgtxkuqtu-! ocpcigtu-! cpf!

31 qvjgt!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!gornq{ggu!hqt!vjgkt!

32 rctvkekrcvkqp!qp!vjg!Eqwpekn/!

33

)i*!R

/•Vjg!rwtrqug!qh!vjg!Eqwpekn!ku!vq!cfxkug!

34 vjg! Eqpitguu! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qp!

35 kuuwgu!kpenwfkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
680 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11261 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 236 of 421

262!

2

)2*! Vjg! ewttgpv! uvcvwu! qh! kookitcvkqp! gphqteg.

3

ogpv! ghhqtvu-! kpenwfkpi! rtqugewvkqpu! cpf! tgoqxcnu-! vjg!

4

ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! uwej! ghhqtvu-! cpf! jqy! gphqtegogpv!

5

eqwnf! dg! kortqxgf=!

6

)3*! Vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! eqqrgtcvkxg! ghhqtvu! dgvyggp!

7

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! qvjgt! ncy!

8

gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu-! kpenwfkpi! cffkvkqpcn! v{rgu! qh!

9

gphqtegogpv! cevkxkvkgu! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujqwnf! dg! gp.

;

icigf! kp-! uwej! cu! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! etkokpcn! vcum! hqtegu=!

21

)4*! Rgtuqppgn-! gswkrogpv-! cpf! qvjgt! tguqwteg!

22

pggfu! qh! hkgnf! rgtuqppgn=!

23

)5*! Kortqxgogpvu! vjcv! ujqwnf! dg! ocfg! vq! vjg! qt.

24

icpk|cvkqpcn! uvtwevwtg! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqog.

25

ncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kpenwfkpi! yjgvjgt! vjg! rqukvkqp! qh! ko.

26

okitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpv! ujqwnf! dg! ogtigf! kpvq!

27

vjg! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegt! rqukvkqp=! cpf!

28

)6*! Vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! urgekhke! gphqtegogpv! rqnk.

29

ekgu! cpf! tgiwncvkqpu! rtqownicvgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

2;

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! cpf! yjgvjgt! qvjgt! gphqtegogpv!

31

rtkqtkvkgu! ujqwnf! dg! eqpukfgtgf/!

32

)j*! T

/•Vjg! Eqwpekn! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! swctvgtn{!

33 tgrqtvu!vq!vjg!Ejcktogp!cpf!Tcpmkpi!Ogodgtu!qh!vjg!Lwfk.

34 ekct{!Eqookvvggu!qh!vjg!Ugpcvg!cpf!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgrtgugpv.

35 cvkxgu! cpf! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/! Vjg!

36 Eqwpekn!ogodgtu!ujcnn!oggv!fktgevn{!ykvj!vjg!Ejcktogp!cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
681 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11262 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 237 of 421

263!

2 Tcpmkpi!Ogodgtu!)qt!vjgkt!fgukipcvgf!tgrtgugpvcvkxgu*!cpf!

3 ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! fkuewuu! vjgkt! tgrqtvu! gxgt{! 7! oqpvju/!

4 UGE/! 616/! RKNQV! RTQITCO! HQT! GNGEVTQPKE! HKGNF! RTQE.

5

GUUKPI/!

6

)c*! K I

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

7 tkv{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! c! rknqv! rtqitco! kp! cv! ngcuv! hkxg! qh! vjg!

8 21!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Ewuvqou!Gphqtegogpv!hkgnf!qhhkegu!ykvj!

9 vjg! nctiguv! tgoqxcn! ecugnqcfu! vq! cnnqy! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

; Ewuvqou! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! cpf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv!

21 cigpvu!vq•!

22

)2*! gngevtqpkecnn{! rtqeguu! cpf! ugtxg! ejctikpi! fqe.

23

wogpvu-! kpenwfkpi! Pqvkegu! vq! Crrgct-! yjkng! kp! vjg!

24

hkgnf=! cpf!

25

)3*! gngevtqpkecnn{! rtqeguu! cpf! rnceg! fgvckpgtu!

26

yjkng! kp! vjg! hkgnf/!

27

)d*! F /•Vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

28 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! dg! fgukipgf! vq! cnnqy! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu!

29 cpf!kookitcvkqp!gphqtegogpv!cigpvu!vq!wug!jcpfjgnf!qt!xg.

2; jkeng.oqwpvgf!eqorwvgtu!vq•!

31

)2*! gpvgt! cp{! tgswktgf! fcvc-! kpenwfkpi! rgtuqpcn!

32

kphqtocvkqp! cdqwv! vjg! cnkgp! uwdlgev! cpf! vjg! tgcuqp! hqt!

33

kuuwkpi! vjg! fqewogpv=!

34

)3*! crrn{! vjg! gngevtqpke! ukipcvwtg! qh! vjg! kuuwkpi!

35

qhhkegt! qt! cigpv=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
682 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11263 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 238 of 421

264!

2

)4*! ugv! vjg! fcvg! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgswktgf! vq! crrgct!

3

dghqtg! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! Pqvkegu! vq!

4

Crrgct=!

5

)5*! rtkpv! cp{! fqewogpvu! vjg! cnkgp! uwdlgev! oc{!

6

dg! tgswktgf! vq! ukip-! cnqpi! ykvj! cffkvkqpcn! eqrkgu! qh!

7

fqewogpvu! vq! dg! ugtxgf! qp! vjg! cnkgp=! cpf!

8

)6*! kpvgthceg! ykvj! vjg! GPHQTEG! fcvcdcug! uq!

9

vjcv! cnn! fcvc! ku! uvqtgf! cpf! tgvtkgxcdng/!

;

)e*! E

/•Vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp!

21 uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!dg!fgukipgf!vq!tgrnceg-!vq!vjg!gzvgpv!rqu.

22 ukdng-! vjg! ewttgpv! rcrgtyqtm! cpf! fcvc.gpvt{! rtqeguu! wugf!

23 hqt!kuuwkpi!uwej!ejctikpi!fqewogpvu!cpf!fgvckpgtu/!

24

)f*! F

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! kpkvkcvg! vjg! rknqv!

25 rtqitco!fguetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)c*!ykvjkp!7!oqpvju!qh!vjg!

26 fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

27

)g*! T

/•Vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! Ceeqwpvcdknkv{! Qhhkeg!

28 ujcnn! tgrqtv! vq! vjg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg! cpf!

29 vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! pq! ncvgt! vjcp! 29! oqpvju! chvgt!

2; vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! qp! vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! vjg!

31 rknqv!rtqitco!cpf!rtqxkfg!tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!hqt!kortqxkpi!

32 kv/!

33

)h*! C

E

/•Vjg! KEG! Cfxkuqt{! Eqwpekn!

34 guvcdnkujgf! d{! ugevkqp! 615! ujcnn! kpenwfg! cp! tgeqoogpfc.

35 vkqpu! qp! jqy! vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! ujqwnf! yqtm! kp! vjg! hktuv!

36 swctvgtn{! tgrqtv! qh! vjg! Eqwpekn-! cpf! ujcnn! kpenwfg! cuuguu.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
683 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11264 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 239 of 421

265!

2 ogpvu! qh! vjg! rtqitco! cpf! tgeqoogpfcvkqpu! hqt! kortqxg.

3 ogpv!kp!gcej!uwdugswgpv!tgrqtv/!

4

)i*! G

F /•Vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev!

5 291!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

6 UGE/! 617/! CFFKVKQPCN! KEG! FGRQTVCVKQP! QHHKEGTU! CPF!

7

UWRRQTV!UVCHH/!

8

)c*! K I

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

9 tkv{! ujcnn-! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! cxckncdknkv{! qh! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! hqt!

; uwej!rwtrqug-!kpetgcug!vjg!pwodgt!qh! rqukvkqpu!hqt!hwnn.vkog!

21 cevkxg.fwv{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! fgrqt.

22 vcvkqp! qhhkegtu! d{! 6-111! cdqxg! vjg! pwodgt! qh! hwnn.vkog! rquk.

23 vkqpu! hqt! yjkej! hwpfu! ygtg! crrtqrtkcvgf! hqt! hkuecn! {gct!

24 3124/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! yknn! fgvgtokpg! vjg! tcvg! cv! yjkej! vjg!

25 cffkvkqpcn! qhhkegtu! yknn! dg! cffgf! ykvj! fwg! tgictf! vq! hknnkpi!

26 vjg! rqukvkqpu! cu! gzrgfkvkqwun{! cu! rquukdng! ykvjqwv! ocmkpi!

27 cp{! eqortqokugu! kp! vjg! ugngevkqp! qt! vjg! vtckpkpi! qh! vjg! cf.

28 fkvkqpcn!qhhkegtu/!

29

)d*! U

U /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn-! uwdlgev! vq!

2; vjg!cxckncdknkv{!qh!crrtqrtkcvkqpu!hqt!uwej!rwtrqug-!kpetgcug!

31 vjg!pwodgt!qh!rqukvkqpu!hqt!hwnn.vkog!uwrrqtv!uvchh!hqt!Kook.

32 itcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! d{!

33 811!cdqxg!vjg!pwodgt!qh!hwnn.vkog!rqukvkqpu!hqt!yjkej!hwpfu!

34 ygtg!crrtqrtkcvgf!hqt!hkuecn!{gct!3124/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
684 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11265 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 240 of 421

266! 2 UGE/!618/!CFFKVKQPCN!KEG!RTQUGEWVQTU/!

3

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4 71! vjg! pwodgt! qh! hwnn.vkog! vtkcn! cvvqtpg{u! yqtmkpi! hqt! vjg!

5 Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! Qhhkeg! qh! vjg! Rtkp.

6 ekrcn!Ngicn!Cfxkuqt/!

7 VKVNG!XKOKUEGNNCPGQWU!

8 GPHQTEGOGPV!RTQXKUKQPU!

9 UGE/!712/!GPEQWTCIKPI!CNKGPU!VQ!FGRCTV!XQNWPVCTKN[/!

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)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 351D! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

21 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;e*!ku!cogpfgf•!

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)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*•!

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hqnnqyu<!

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28

ewtkv{! oc{! rgtokv! vjg! cnkgp! vq! xqnwpvctkn{! fgrctv! vjg!

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Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cv! vjg! cnkgpu! qyp! gzrgpug! wpfgt! vjku!

2;

uwdugevkqp! kpuvgcf! qh! dgkpi! uwdlgev! vq! rtqeggfkpiu!

31

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351/=!

32

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )4*=!

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)E*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! rctcitcrj! )3*! cu!

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rctcitcrj! )4*=!

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)F*! d{! cffkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

36

nqykpi<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
685 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11266 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 241 of 421

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8

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9

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cp{! rgtkqf! kp! gzeguu! qh! 231! fc{u/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

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oc{! tgswktg! cp! cnkgp! rgtokvvgf! vq! xqnwpvctkn{!

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ykvjkp! vjg! vkog! urgekhkgf/=!

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)kk*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdrctcitcrju!

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)D*-! )E*-! cpf! )F*! cu! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*-!

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)F*-! cpf! )G*-! tgurgevkxgn{=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
686 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11267 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 242 of 421

268!

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cpf! kpvgpfu! vq! fq! uq/! Cp! cnkgp! rgtokvvgf! vq! xqn.

21

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c! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! dqpf-! kp! cp! coqwpv! pge.

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guuct{! vq! gpuwtg! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! yknn! fgrctv-! vq! dg!

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26

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29

jcu! rtgugpvgf! eqorgnnkpi! gxkfgpeg! vjcv! vjg! rquv.

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kpi! qh! c! dqpf! yknn! rqug! c! ugtkqwu! hkpcpekcn! jctf.

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fgpeg! vjcv! uwej! c! dqpf! ku! wppgeguuct{! vq! iwct.

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cpvgg! vkogn{! fgrctvwtg/=!

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)kx*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*-! cu! tgfguki.

35

pcvgf-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
687 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11268 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 243 of 421

269!

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)F*)kk*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uwdrctcitcrju! )F*!

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cpf! )G*)kk*=!

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5

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rnceg! vjcv! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uwd.

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9

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itcrj! )2*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! rctcitcrju! )2*! cpf!

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)3*=!

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34

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c! yckxgt! qh! vjg! tkijv! vq! cp{! hwtvjgt! oqvkqp-! crrgcn-!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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688 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11269 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 244 of 421

26;!

2

crrnkecvkqp-! rgvkvkqp-! qt! rgvkvkqp! hqt! tgxkgy! tgncvkpi!

3

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6

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citggogpv=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
689 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1126; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 245 of 421

271!

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vq! fgrctv! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

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citggf! vq! d{! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{/=!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
690 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11271 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 246 of 421

272!

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6 cpf!hcknu!vq!xqnwpvctkn{!fgrctv!htqo!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!ykvj.

7 kp! vjg! vkog! rgtkqf! urgekhkgf! qt! qvjgtykug! xkqncvgu! vjg! vgtou!

8 qh!c!xqnwpvct{!fgrctvwtg!citggogpv-!vjg!cnkgp!yknn!dg!uwdlgev!

9 vq!vjg!hqnnqykpi!rgpcnvkgu<!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 247 of 421

273!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 248 of 421

274!

2

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! rtgxkqwun{! rgt.

3

okvvgf! vjg! cnkgp! vq! fgrctv! xqnwpvctkn{/!

4

)3*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! rtqown.

5

icvg! tgiwncvkqpu! vq! nkokv! gnkikdknkv{! qt! korqug! cffk.

6

vkqpcn! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! uwd.

7

ugevkqp! )c*)2*! hqt! cp{! encuu! qh! cnkgpu/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

8

qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! d{! tgiwncvkqp! nkokv! gnkik.

9

dknkv{! qt! korqug! cffkvkqpcn! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqnwpvct{!

;

fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! uwdugevkqpu! )c*)3*! qt! )d*! qh! vjku! uge.

21

vkqp! hqt! cp{! encuu! qt! encuugu! qh! cnkgpu/=! cpf!

22

)7*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )h*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

23

hqnnqykpi<! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 353)c*)3*)F*! qh!

24

vjku! Cev-! ugevkqpu! 2472-! 2762-! cpf! 3352! qh! vkvng! 39-!

25

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxk.

26

ukqp-! cpf! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt!

27

pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! ch.

28

hgev-! tgkpuvcvg-! gplqkp-! fgnc{-! uvc{-! qt! vqnn! vjg! rgtkqf!

29

cnnqygf! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp//!

2;

)d*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! ykvjkp! qpg!

31 {gct!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!rtqownicvg!tgiwnc.

32 vkqpu! vq! rtqxkfg! hqt! vjg! korqukvkqp! cpf! eqnngevkqp! qh! rgp.

33 cnvkgu!hqt!hcknwtg!vq!fgrctv!wpfgt!ugevkqp!351D)f*!qh!vjg!Ko.

34 okitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;e)f**/!

35

)e*!G

F /•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
693 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11274 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 249 of 421

275!

2

)2*! K

/•Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! rctc.

3

itcrj! )3*-! vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn!

4

crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnn! qtfgtu! itcpvkpi! xqnwpvct{!

5

fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351D! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

6

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e*! ocfg! qp! qt! chvgt!

7

vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

8

Cev/!

9

)3*! G

/•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{! uwd.

;

ugevkqp!)c*)7*!ujcnn! vcmg!ghhgev!qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!gpcev.

21

ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp{!

22

rgvkvkqp! hqt! tgxkgy! yjkej! ku! hkngf! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej!

23

fcvg/!

24 UGE/! 713/! FGVGTTKPI! CNKGPU! QTFGTGF! TGOQXGF! HTQO!

25

TGOCKPKPI! KP! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU! WPNCY.

26

HWNN[/!

27

)c*! K

C /•Ugevkqp! 323)c*);*)C*! qh!

28 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

29 2293)c*);*)C**!ku!cogpfgf•!

2;

)2*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp!

31

ykvjkp! 6! {gctu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! tgoqxcn! )qt! ykvjkp!

32

31! {gctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp! pqv! ncvgt!

33

vjcp! 6! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! tgoqxcn! )qt!

34

pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 31! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgpu! tgoqxcn=!

35

cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
694 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11275 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 250 of 421

276!

2

)3*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp!

3

ykvjkp! 21! {gctu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg!

4

qt! tgoqxcn! )qt! ykvjkp! 31! {gctu! qh! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

5

uggmu! cfokuukqp! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 21! {gctu! chvgt! vjg!

6

fcvg! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! qt! tgoqxcn! )qt! pqv! ncvgt!

7

vjcp! 31! {gctu! chvgt/!

8

)d*! D

F

T /•Ugevkqp! 385F!

9 qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!435f*!ku!cogpfgf•!

;

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Eqooku.

21

ukqpgt! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

22

tkv{=! cpf!

23

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

24

)e*!K

T /•!

25

)2*! K

/•Wpnguu! c! vkogn{! oqvkqp! vq!

26

tgqrgp! ku! itcpvgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351)e*)7*-! cp! cnkgp!

27

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! dg! kpgnkikdng! hqt! cp{!

28

fkuetgvkqpct{! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn! )kpenwfkpi! ecpegnnc.

29

vkqp! qh! tgoqxcn! cpf! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu*! fwtkpi! vjg!

2;

vkog! vjg! cnkgp! tgockpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! hqt!

31

c! rgtkqf! qh! 21! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! htqo!

32

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

33

)3*! U

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! rctc.

34

itcrj! )2*! ujcnn! rtgenwfg! c! oqvkqp! vq! tgqrgp! vq! uggm!

35

ykvjjqnfkpi! qh! tgoqxcn! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)d*)4*! qt!

36

rtqvgevkqp! cickpuv! vqtvwtg-! kh! vjg! oqvkqp•!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
695 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11276 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 251 of 421

277!

2

)C*! rtgugpvu! ocvgtkcn! gxkfgpeg! qh! ejcpigf!

3

eqwpvt{! eqpfkvkqpu! ctkukpi! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

4

hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! kp! vjg! eqwpvt{! vq! yjkej!

5

vjg! cnkgp! yqwnf! dg! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

6

)D*! ocmgu! c! uwhhkekgpv! ujqykpi! vq! vjg! ucv.

7

kuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp!

8

ku! qvjgtykug! gnkikdng! hqt! uwej! rtqvgevkqp//!

9

)e*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

; vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!

21 qh! vjku! Cev! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! uwdlgev! vq! c! hkpcn!

22 qtfgt!qh!tgoqxcn!gpvgtgf!dghqtg-!qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

23 UGE/!714/!TGKPUVCVGOGPV!QH!TGOQXCN!QTFGTU/!

24

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)c*)6*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

25 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)c*)6**!ku!cogpfgf!

26 vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

27

)6*! T

!

28

/•Kh! vjg!

29

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hkpfu! vjcv! cp! cnkgp!

2;

jcu! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! knngicnn{! chvgt! jcxkpi!

31

dggp! tgoqxgf-! fgrqtvgf-! qt! gzenwfgf! qt! jcxkpi! fg.

32

rctvgf! xqnwpvctkn{-! wpfgt! cp! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqt.

33

vcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp-! tgictfnguu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! qtkik.

34

pcn! qtfgt! qt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! knngicn! gpvt{•!

35

)C*! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt!

36

gzenwukqp! ku! tgkpuvcvgf! htqo! kvu! qtkikpcn! fcvg! cpf!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
696 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11277 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 252 of 421

278!

2

ku! pqv! uwdlgev! vq! dgkpi! tgqrgpgf! qt! tgxkgygf! pqv.

3

ykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 353)c*)3*)F*=!

4

)D*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv! gnkikdng! cpf! oc{! pqv!

5

crrn{! hqt! cp{! tgnkgh! wpfgt! vjku! Cev-! tgictfnguu! qh!

6

vjg! fcvg! vjcv! cp! crrnkecvkqp! qt! tgswguv! hqt! uwej!

7

tgnkgh! oc{! jcxg! dggp! hkngf! qt! ocfg=! cpf!

8

)E*! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! tgoqxgf! wpfgt! vjg!

9

qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! cv!

;

cp{! vkog! chvgt! vjg! knngicn! gpvt{/!

21

Tgkpuvcvgogpv! wpfgt! vjku! rctcitcrj! ujcnn! pqv! tgswktg!

22

rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351! qt! qvjgt!rtqeggfkpiu! dg.

23

hqtg! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig//!

24

)d*! L

T /•Ugevkqp! 353! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

25 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2363*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

26 cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

27

)j*! L

T

T

W!

28 U

352)c*)6*/•!

29

)2*! T

/•Lwfkekcn! tg.

2;

xkgy! qh! fgvgtokpcvkqpu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)c*)6*! ku!

31

cxckncdng! kp! cp! cevkqp! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*/!

32

)3*! P

/•Pqvykvj.

33

uvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt!

34

pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 3352! qh! vkvng! 39-!

35

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxk.

36

ukqp-! qt! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! uwej! vkvng-! pq! eqwtv!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
697 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11278 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 253 of 421

279!

2

ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgxkgy! cp{! ecwug! qt! encko-!

3

ctkukpi! htqo-! qt! tgncvkpi! vq-! cp{! ejcnngpig! vq! vjg!

4

qtkikpcn! qtfgt//!

5

)e*!G

F /•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!uwd.

6 ugevkqpu! )c*! cpf! )d*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! cu! kh! gpcevgf! qp! Crtkn!

7 2-! 2;;8-! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cnn! qtfgtu! tgkpuvcvgf! qt! chvgt!

8 vjcv! fcvg! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! )qt! d{!

9 vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! rtkqt! vq! Octej! 2-! 3114*-! tgictfnguu!

; qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!qtkikpcn!qtfgt/!

21 UGE/! 715/! ENCTKHKECVKQP! YKVJ! TGURGEV! VQ! FGHKPKVKQP!

22

QH!CFOKUUKQP/!

23

Ugevkqp!212)c*)24*)C*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqp.

24 cnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)24*)C**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi!

25 cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Cp! cnkgpu! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu!

26 vq! vjcv! qh! ncyhwn! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpv! uvcvwu! wpfgt! cp{! rtq.

27 xkukqp!qh!vjku!Cev-!qt!wpfgt!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!ujcnn!

28 dg! eqpukfgtgf! cp! cfokuukqp! hqt! cp{! rwtrqug! wpfgt! vjku!

29 Cev-!gxgp!kh!vjg!cflwuvogpv!qh!uvcvwu!qeewttgf!yjkng!vjg!cnkgp!

2; ycu!rtgugpv!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu//!

31 UGE/! 716/! TGRQTVU! VQ! EQPITGUU! QP! VJG! GZGTEKUG! CPF!

32

CDWUG!QH!RTQUGEWVQTKCN!FKUETGVKQP/!

33

)c*! K I

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg!

34 gpf!qh!gcej!hkuecn!{gct-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!

35 cpf!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!ujcnn!gcej!rtqxkfg!vq!vjg!Eqookv.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
698 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11279 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 254 of 421

27;!

2 vggu! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! cpf!

3 qh!vjg!Ugpcvg!c!tgrqtv!qp!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

4

)2*! Cnkgpu! crrtgjgpfgf! qt! cttguvgf! d{! Uvcvg! qt!

5

nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu! yjq! ygtg! kfgpvkhkgf! d{!

6

vjg!Fgrctvogpv! qh!Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu!

7

hkuecn! {gct! cpf! hqt! yjqo! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqog.

8

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! fkf! pqv! kuuwg! fgvckpgtu! cpf! fkf! pqv!

9

vcmg! kpvq! ewuvqf{! fgurkvg! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqog.

;

ncpf! Ugewtkv{u! hkpfkpiu! vjcv! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg! kpcfoku.

21

ukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

22

)3*! Cnkgpu! yjq! ygtg! crrnkecpvu! hqt! cfokuukqp! kp!

23

vjg! rtgxkqwu! hkuecn! {gct! dwv! pqv! engctn{! cpf! dg{qpf! c!

24

fqwdv! gpvkvngf! vq! dg! cfokvvgf! d{! cp! kookitcvkqp! qhhk.

25

egt! cpf! yjq! ygtg! pqv! fgvckpgf! cu! tgswktgf! rwtuwcpv!

26

vq! ugevkqp! 346)d*)3*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

27

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2336)d*)3*)C**/!

28

)4*! Cnkgpu! yjq! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! hkuecn! {gct! ygtg!

29

hqwpf! d{! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qhhkekcnu!

2;

rgthqtokpi! fwvkgu! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! cflwfkecvkqp! qh! crrnk.

31

ecvkqpu! hqt! kookitcvkqp! dgpghkvu! qt! vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh!

32

vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng!

33

yjq! ygtg! pqv! kuuwgf! pqvkegu! vq! crrgct! rwtuwcpv! vq!

34

ugevkqp!34;!qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!233;*! qt! rncegf! kpvq!

35

tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 351! )9!

36

W/U/E/! 233;c*-! wpnguu! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg! rncegf! kpvq! gz.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
699 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1127; Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 255 of 421

281!

2

rgfkvgf! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp!

3

346)d*)2*)C*)k*! )9! W/U/E/! 2336)d*)2*)C*)6**! qt! ugevkqp!

4

349! )9! W/U/E/! 2339*-! ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{! fgrct.

5

vwtg! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 351D-! ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh!

6

htqo! tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! ngicn!

7

pqpkookitcpv! qt! kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcv.

8

wvg-! qt! ygtg! fgvgtokpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fg.

9

rqtvcdng/!

;

)5*! Cnkgpu! kuuwgf! pqvkegu! vq! crrgct! vjcv! ygtg!

21

ecpegnngf! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! hkuecn! {gct! fgurkvg! vjg! Fg.

22

rctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{u! hkpfkpiu! vjcv! vjg!

23

cnkgpu! ygtg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng-! wpnguu! vjg!

24

cnkgpu! ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq!

25

uvcvwvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! rwtuwcpv! vq!

26

ugevkqp! 351D! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e*-! qt! ygtg!

27

itcpvgf! ngicn! pqpkookitcpv! qt! kookitcpv! uvcvwu!

28

rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg/!

29

)6*! Cnkgpu! yjq! ygtg! rncegf! kpvq! tgoqxcn! rtq.

2;

eggfkpiu-! yjqug! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! ygtg! vgtokpcvgf!

31

kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! hkuecn! {gct! rtkqt! vq! vjgkt! eqpenwukqp-!

32

wpnguu! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn!

33

rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg!

34

rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 351D-! ygtg! itcpvgf! ngicn! pqp.

35

kookitcpv! qt! kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg-!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
700 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11281 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 256 of 421

282!

2

qt! ygtg! fgvgtokpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtv.

3

cdng/!

4

)7*! Cnkgpu! itcpvgf! rctqng! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp!

5

323)f*)6*)C*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)f*)6*)C**/!

6

)8*! Cnkgpu! itcpvgf! fghgttgf! cevkqp-! gzvgpfgf! xqn.

7

wpvct{! fgrctvwtg! qt! cp{! qvjgt! v{rg! qh! tgnkgh! htqo! tg.

8

oqxcn! pqv! urgekhkgf! kp! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqp.

9

cnkv{! Cev! qt! yjgtg! fgvgtokpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng!

;

qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

21

)d*! E

T /•Vjg! tgrqtv! ujcnn! kpenwfg!

22 c! nkuvkpi! qh! gcej! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! gcej! rctcitcrj! qh! uwd.

23 ugevkqp!)c*-!kpenwfkpi!yjgp!kp!vjg!rquuguukqp!qh!vjg!Fgrctv.

24 ogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!vjgkt!pcogu-!hkpigtrtkpv!kfgpvk.

25 hkecvkqp! pwodgtu-! cnkgp! tgikuvtcvkqp! pwodgtu-! cpf! tgcuqp!

26 yj{! gcej! ycu! itcpvgf! vjg! v{rg! qh! rtqugewvqtkcn! fkuetgvkqp!

27 tgegkxgf/!Vjg!tgrqtv!ujcnn!cnuq!kpenwfg!ewttgpv!etkokpcn!jku.

28 vqtkgu! qp! gcej! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Dwtgcw! qh! Kpxguvkic.

29 vkqp/!

2; UGE/! 717/! YCKXGT! QH! HGFGTCN! NCYU! YKVJ! TGURGEV! VQ!

31

DQTFGT! UGEWTKV[! CEVKQPU! QP! FGRCTV.

32

OGPV! QH! VJG! KPVGTKQT! CPF! FGRCTVOGPV!

33

QH!CITKEWNVWTG!NCPFU/!

34

)c*! R

U

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!

35

C

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! vjg! Kpvgtkqt! qt! vjg!

36 Ugetgvct{! qh! Citkewnvwtg! ujcnn! pqv! korgfg-! rtqjkdkv-! qt! tg.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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701 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11282 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 257 of 421

283!

2 uvtkev! cevkxkvkgu! qh! W/U/! Ewuvqou! cpf! Dqtfgt! Rtqvgevkqp! qp!

3 Hgfgtcn! ncpf! nqecvgf! ykvjkp! 211! okngu! qh! cp! kpvgtpcvkqpcn!

4 ncpf! dqtfgt! vjcv! ku! wpfgt! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

5 qh! vjg! Kpvgtkqt! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Citkewnvwtg-! vq! gzgewvg!

6 ugctej! cpf! tguewg! qrgtcvkqpu! cpf! vq! rtgxgpv! cnn! wpncyhwn!

7 gpvtkgu! kpvq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! kpenwfkpi! gpvtkgu! d{! vgttqt.

8 kuvu-! qvjgt! wpncyhwn! cnkgpu-! kpuvtwogpvu! qh! vgttqtkuo-! pct.

9 eqvkeu-!cpf!qvjgt!eqpvtcdcpf!vjtqwij!vjg!kpvgtpcvkqpcn!ncpf!

; dqtfgtu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

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C

W/U/! E

!

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23 vkqp!ujcnn!jcxg!koogfkcvg!ceeguu!vq!Hgfgtcn!ncpf!ykvjkp!211!

24 okngu!qh!vjg!kpvgtpcvkqpcn!ncpf!dqtfgt!wpfgt!vjg!lwtkufkevkqp!

25 qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! vjg! Kpvgtkqt! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Citk.

26 ewnvwtg! hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! eqpfwevkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi! cevkxkvkgu!

27 qp! uwej! ncpf! vjcv! rtgxgpv! cnn! wpncyhwn! gpvtkgu! kpvq! vjg!

28 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! kpenwfkpi! gpvtkgu! d{! vgttqtkuvu-! qvjgt! wpncy.

29 hwn! cnkgpu-! kpuvtwogpvu! qh! vgttqtkuo-! pcteqvkeu-! cpf! qvjgt!

2; eqpvtcdcpf! vjtqwij! vjg! kpvgtpcvkqpcn! ncpf! dqtfgtu! qh! vjg!

31 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu<!

32

)2*! Eqpuvtwevkqp! cpf! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! tqcfu/!

33

)3*! Eqpuvtwevkqp! cpf! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! dcttkgtu/!

34

)4*! Wug! qh! xgjkengu! vq! rcvtqn-! crrtgjgpf-! qt! tgu.

35

ewg/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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702 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11283 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 258 of 421

284!

2

)5*! Kpuvcnncvkqp-! ockpvgpcpeg-! cpf! qrgtcvkqp! qh!

3

eqoowpkecvkqpu! cpf! uwtxgknncpeg! gswkrogpv! cpf! ugp.

4

uqtu/!

5

)6*! Fgrnq{ogpv! qh! vgorqtct{! vcevkecn! kphtcuvtwe.

6

vwtg/!

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8 /•!

9

)2*! K

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt!

;

rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )kpenwfkpi! cp{! vgtokpcvkqp! fcvg! tg.

21

ncvkpi! vq! vjg! yckxgt! tghgttgf! vq! kp! vjku! uwdugevkqp*-! vjg!

22

yckxgt! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qp!

23

Crtkn! 2-! 3119-! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 213)e*)2*! qh! vjg! Knngicn!

24

Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{!

25

Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2214! pqvg=! Rwdnke! Ncy! 215!

26

319*! qh! vjg! ncyu! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*! ykvj! tg.

27

urgev! vq! egtvckp! ugevkqpu! qh! vjg! kpvgtpcvkqpcn! dqtfgt!

28

dgvyggp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! Ogzkeq! cpf! dgvyggp!

29

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! Ecpcfc! ujcnn! dg! eqpukfgtgf! vq!

2;

crrn{!vq! cnn! Hgfgtcn!ncpf! wpfgt! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! qh! vjg!

31

Ugetgvct{! qh! vjg! Kpvgtkqt! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Citk.

32

ewnvwtg! ykvjkp! 211! okngu! qh! vjg! kpvgtpcvkqpcn! ncpf!

33

dqtfgtu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! hqt! vjg! cevkxkvkgu! qh! W/U/!

34

Ewuvqou! cpf! Dqtfgt! Rtqvgevkqp! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

35

ugevkqp! )e*/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
703 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11284 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 259 of 421

285!

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)3*! F

/•Vjg! ncyu!

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4

fgtpguu! Cev! )27! W/U/E/! 2242! gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Gp.

5

xktqpogpvcn! Rqnke{! Cev! qh! 2;7;! )53! W/U/E/! 5432! gv!

6

ugs/*-! vjg! Gpfcpigtgf! Urgekgu! Cev! qh! 2;84! )27! W/U/E/!

7

2642! gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Jkuvqtke! Rtgugtxcvkqp! Cev!

8

)27! W/U/E/! 581! gv! ugs/*-! Rwdnke! Ncy! 97634! )27!

9

W/U/E/! 57;! gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Cev! qh! Lwpg! 9-! 2;17! )eqo.

;

oqpn{! mpqyp! cu! vjg! Cpvkswkvkgu! Cev! qh! 2;17=! 27!

21

W/U/E/! 542! gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Yknf! cpf! Uegpke! Tkxgtu! Cev!

22

)27! W/U/E/! 2382!gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Ncpf! Rqnke{! cpf!

23

Ocpcigogpv! Cev! qh! 2;87! )54! W/U/E/! 2812! gv! ugs/*-! vjg!

24

Pcvkqpcn! Yknfnkhg! Tghwig! U{uvgo! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! Cev!

25

qh! 2;77! )27! W/U/E/! 779ff! gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Hkuj! cpf! Yknf.

26

nkhg! Cev! qh! 2;67! )27! W/U/E/! 853c! gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Hkuj! cpf!

27

Yknfnkhg! Eqqtfkpcvkqp! Cev! )27! W/U/E/! 772! gv! ugs/*-!

28

uwdejcrvgt! KK! qh! ejcrvgt! 6-! cpf! ejcrvgt! 8-! qh! vkvng! 6-!

29

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )eqooqpn{! mpqyp! cu! vjg! Cfokp.

2;

kuvtcvkxg! Rtqegfwtg! Cev*-! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Rctm! Ugtxkeg!

31

Qticpke! Cev! )27! W/U/E/! 2! gv! ugs/*-! vjg! Igpgtcn! Cw.

32

vjqtkvkgu! Cev! qh! 2;81! )Rwdnke! Ncy! ;2494*! )27! W/U/E/!

33

2c2! gv! ugs/*-! ugevkqpu! 512)8*-! 514-! cpf! 515! qh! vjg! Pc.

34

vkqpcn! Rctmu! cpf! Tgetgcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;89! )Rwdnke! Ncy!

35

;6736-! ;3! Uvcv/! 4578*-! cpf! vjg! Ctk|qpc! Fgugtv! Ykn.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
704 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11285 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 260 of 421

286!

2

fgtpguu! Cev! qh! 2;;1! )27! W/U/E/! 2243! pqvg=!Rwdnke! Ncy!

3

212739*/!

4

)f*! R

N W /•Vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn!

5 pqv!dg!eqpuvtwgf!vq!rtqxkfg•!

6

)2*! cwvjqtkv{! vq! tguvtkev! ngicn! wugu-! uwej! cu! itc|.

7

kpi-! jwpvkpi-! okpkpi-! qt! rwdnke.wug! tgetgcvkqpcn! cpf!

8

dcemeqwpvt{! cktuvtkru! qp! ncpf! wpfgt! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp!

9

qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! vjg! Kpvgtkqt! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Ci.

;

tkewnvwtg=! qt!

21

)3*! cp{! cffkvkqpcn! cwvjqtkv{! vq! tguvtkev! ngicn! ce.

22

eguu! vq! uwej! ncpf/!

23

)g*! G

U

R

N /•Vjku! Cev!

24 ujcnn•!

25

)2*! jcxg! pq! hqteg! qt! ghhgev! qp! Uvcvg! qt! rtkxcvg!

26

ncpfu=! cpf!

27

)3*! pqv! rtqxkfg! cwvjqtkv{! qp! qt! ceeguu! vq! Uvcvg!

28

qt! rtkxcvg! ncpfu/!

29

)h*!V

U

/•Pqvjkpi!kp!vjku!ugevkqp!uw.

2; rgtugfgu-! tgrncegu-! pgicvgu-! qt! fkokpkujgu! vtgcvkgu! qt! qvjgt!

31 citggogpvu! dgvyggp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! Kpfkcp! vtkdgu/!

32

)i*! T

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 2! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh!

33 vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!cpf!cppwcnn{!vjgtgchvgt-!vjg!Uge.

34 tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! uwdokv! vq! vjg! crrtq.

35 rtkcvg!eqookvvggu!qh!Eqpitguu!c!tgrqtv!fguetkdkpi!vjg!gzvgpv!

36 vq!yjkej!korngogpvcvkqp!qh!vjku!ugevkqp!jcu!chhgevgf!vjg!qr.

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
705 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11286 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 261 of 421

287!

2 gtcvkqpu!qh!W/U/!Ewuvqou!cpf!Dqtfgt!Rtqvgevkqp!kp!vjg!{gct!

3 rtgegfkpi!vjg!tgrqtv/!

4 UGE/!718/!DKQOGVTKE!GPVT[!CPF!GZKV!FCVC!U[UVGO/!

5

)c*! K I

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! vyq! {gctu! chvgt! vjg!

6 fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

7 Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! vjg! dkqogvtke! gpvt{! cpf! gzkv! fcvc!

8 u{uvgo! tgswktgf! d{! ugevkqp! 8319! qh! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tghqto!

9 cpf! Vgttqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh! 3115! )9! W/U/E/! 2476d*/!

;

)d*! T

/•Kp! cffkvkqp! vq! vjg! hgcvwtgu! tg.

21 swktgf!d{!uwej!ugevkqp!8319-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!

22 vjg! dkqogvtke! gpvt{! cpf! gzkv! fcvc! u{uvgo! ku! guvcdnkujgf! cpf!

23 kp!qrgtcvkqp!cv!gcej!rqtv!qh!gpvt{!vq!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

24 UGE/!719/!EGTVCKP!CEVKXKVKGU!TGUVTKEVGF/!

25

)c*! K I

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26 tkv{!oc{!pqv!hkpcnk|g-!korngogpv-!cfokpkuvgt-!qt!gphqteg!vjg!

27 fqewogpvu!fguetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)d*/!

28

)d*! F

F

/•Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku!

29 ugevkqp-! vjg! fqewogpvu! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! uwdugevkqp! ctg! vjg!

2; hqnnqykpi<!

31

)2*! Rqnke{! Pwodgt! 21183/2-! rwdnkujgf! qp! Octej!

32

3-! 3122/!

33

)3*! Rqnke{! Pwodgt! 21186/2-! rwdnkujgf! qp! Lwpg!

34

28-! 3122/!

35

)4*! Rqnke{! Pwodgt! 21187-2-! rwdnkujgf! qp! Lwpg!

36

28-! 3122/!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 262 of 421

288!

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)5*! Vjg! Ogoqtcpfwo! qh! Pqxgodgt! 28-! 3122-!

3

htqo! vjg! Rtkpekrcn! Ngicn! Cfxkuqt! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

4

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! rgtvckpkpi! vq!

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6

kpi! Ecugu/!

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Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! rgtvckpkpi! vq! Gzgt.

9

ekukpi! Rtqugewvqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Kpfk.

;

xkfwcnu! Yjq! Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejknftgp/!

21

)7*! Vjg! Ogoqtcpfwo! qh! Fgegodgt! 32-! 3123-!

22

htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

23

Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! rgtvckpkpi! vq! Ekxkn! Kookitc.

24

vkqp! Gphqtegogpv<! Iwkfcpeg! qp! vjg! Wug! qh! Fgvckpgtu!

25

kp! vjg! Hgfgtcn-! Uvcvg-! Nqecn-! cpf! Vtkdcn! Etkokpcn!

26

Lwuvkeg! U{uvgou/!

27

)8*! Vjg! Ogoqtcpfwo! qh! Lwpg! 26-! 3123-! htqo! vjg!

28

Fktgevqt! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou!

29

Gphqtegogpv! rgtvckpkpi! vq! Ugetgvct{! Pcrqnkvcpqu!

2;

Ogoqtcpfwo! Eqpegtpkpi! vjg! Gzgtekug! qh! Rtqugew.

31

vqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! hqt! Egtvckp! Tgoqxcdng! Kpfkxkfwcnu!

32

Yjq! Gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! c! Ejknf/!

33 UGE/! 71;/! DQTFGT! RCVTQN! OQDKNG! CPF! TCRKF! TGURQPUG!

34

VGCOU/!

35

)c*!H

/•Vjg!Eqpitguu!hkpfu!cu!hqnnqyu<!

ouvqemuvknn!qp!FUM5XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 3389! TJ
707 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11288 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 263 of 421

289!

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21 tkv{! ujcnn! uwdokv! vq! vjg! crrtqrtkcvg! eqpitguukqpcn! eqookv.

22 vggu! c! rncp! hqt! fgxgnqrkpi! cpf! fgrnq{kpi! oqdkng! tcrkf! tg.

23 urqpug!vgcou!vq!cejkgxg!vjg!hqnnqykpi!qdlgevkxgu-!cpf!uwdokv!

24 rtqitguu! tgrqtvu! qp! vjg! rtqitco! gxgt{! ;1! fc{u! chvgt! kv! jcu!

25 dggp!korngogpvgf<!

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34

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 264 of 421

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23 gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! c! tgrqtv! qp! vjg! fgcvju! kp! ewuvqf{!

24 qh!fgvckpggu!jgnf!d{!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

25 Vjg! tgrqtv! ujcnn! kpenwfg! vjg! hqnnqykpi! kphqtocvkqp! ykvj! tg.

26 urgev!vq!cp{!uwej!fgcvju!cpf!kp!eqppgevkqp!vjgtgykvj<!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 265 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 266 of 421 711 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<4;!Fge!27-!3125 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11292 Hov!7763 Uhov!7314 G<^DKNNU^J3389/TJ J3389

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 268 of 421
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 269 of 421

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8 cpf! hqt! gpicikpi! kp! vtcfg! rtqoqvkqpcn! cevkxkvkgu! cdtqcf-!

9 kpenwfkpi! gzrgpugu! qh! itcpvu! cpf! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpvu!

; hqt! vjg! rwtrqug! qh! rtqoqvkpi! gzrqtvu! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

21 hktou-! ykvjqwv! tgictf! vq! ugevkqpu! 4813! cpf! 4814! qh! vkvng!

22 55-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!hwnn!ogfkecn!eqxgtcig!hqt!fgrgpf.

23 gpv!ogodgtu!qh!koogfkcvg!hcoknkgu!qh!gornq{ggu!uvcvkqpgf!

24 qxgtugcu!cpf!gornq{ggu!vgorqtctkn{!rquvgf!qxgtugcu=!vtcxgn!

25 cpf! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh! gornq{ggu! qh! vjg! Kpvgtpcvkqpcn!

26 Vtcfg!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!dgvyggp!vyq!rqkpvu!cdtqcf-!ykvjqwv!

27 tgictf! vq! ugevkqp! 51229! qh! vkvng! 5;-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg=!

28 gornq{ogpv!qh!ekvk|gpu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!cpf!cnkgpu!d{!

29 eqpvtcev! hqt! ugtxkegu=! tgpvcn! qh! urceg! cdtqcf! hqt! rgtkqfu!

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31 qt! kortqxgogpv=! rwtejcug! qt! eqpuvtwevkqp! qh! vgorqtct{!

32 fgoqwpvcdng! gzjkdkvkqp! uvtwevwtgu! hqt! wug! cdtqcf=! rc{.

33 ogpv!qh!vqtv!enckou-!kp!vjg!ocppgt!cwvjqtk|gf!kp!vjg!hktuv!

34 rctcitcrj!qh!ugevkqp!3783!qh!vkvng!39-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!

35 yjgp!uwej!enckou!ctkug!kp!hqtgkip!eqwpvtkgu=!pqv!vq!gzeggf!

36 %3;5-411!hqt!qhhkekcn!tgrtgugpvcvkqp!gzrgpugu!cdtqcf=!rwt.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 270 of 421

4!

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3 pqv!vq!gzeggf!%56-111!rgt!xgjkeng=!qdvckpkpi!kpuwtcpeg!qp!

4 qhhkekcn! oqvqt! xgjkengu=! cpf! tgpvcn! qh! vkg! nkpgu-!

5 %584-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{! %4-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %2*-!

6 vq! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3127-! qh! yjkej!

7 %21-111-111!ku!vq!dg!fgtkxgf!htqo!hggu!vq!dg!tgvckpgf!cpf!

8 wugf! d{! vjg! Kpvgtpcvkqpcn! Vtcfg! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp-! pqvykvj.

9 uvcpfkpi!ugevkqp!4413!qh!vkvng!42-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg<!Rtq.

; xkfgf-! Vjcv-!qh!coqwpvu! rtqxkfgf! wpfgt! vjku! jgcfkpi-! pqv!

21 nguu!vjcp!%27-511-111!ujcnn!dg!hqt!Ejkpc!cpvkfworkpi!cpf!

22 eqwpvgtxcknkpi!fwv{!gphqtegogpv!cpf!eqornkcpeg!cevkxkvkgu<!

23 Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!vjg!rtqxkukqpu!qh!vjg!hktuv!ugpvgpeg!

24 qh! ugevkqp! 216)h*! cpf! cnn! qh! ugevkqp! 219)e*! qh! vjg! Owvwcn!

25 Gfwecvkqpcn! cpf! Ewnvwtcn! Gzejcpig! Cev! qh! 2;72! )33!

26 W/U/E/! 3566)h*! cpf! 3569)e**! ujcnn! crrn{! kp! ectt{kpi! qwv!

27 vjgug!cevkxkvkgu=!cpf!vjcv!hqt!vjg!rwtrqug!qh!vjku!Cev-!eqp.

28 vtkdwvkqpu!wpfgt!vjg!rtqxkukqpu!qh!vjg!Owvwcn!Gfwecvkqpcn!

29 cpf!Ewnvwtcn!Gzejcpig!Cev!qh!2;72!ujcnn!kpenwfg!rc{ogpv!

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31 vkxkvkgu/!

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36 ogteg-!kpenwfkpi!equvu!cuuqekcvgf!ykvj!vjg!rgthqtocpeg!qh!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 271 of 421
5! 2 gzrqtv!cfokpkuvtcvkqp!hkgnf!cevkxkvkgu!dqvj!fqoguvkecnn{!cpf! 3 cdtqcf=! hwnn! ogfkecn! eqxgtcig! hqt! fgrgpfgpv! ogodgtu! qh! 4 koogfkcvg! hcoknkgu! qh! gornq{ggu! uvcvkqpgf! qxgtugcu=! go. 5 rnq{ogpv! qh! ekvk|gpu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! cnkgpu! d{! 6 eqpvtcev! hqt! ugtxkegu! cdtqcf=! rc{ogpv! qh! vqtv! enckou-! kp! 7 vjg! ocppgt! cwvjqtk|gf! kp! vjg! hktuv! rctcitcrj! qh! ugevkqp! 8 3783! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! yjgp! uwej! enckou! 9 ctkug! kp! hqtgkip! eqwpvtkgu=! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %24-611! hqt! qhhk. ; ekcn!tgrtgugpvcvkqp!gzrgpugu!cdtqcf=!cyctfu!qh!eqorgpuc. 21 vkqp!vq!kphqtogtu!wpfgt!vjg!Gzrqtv!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!Cev!qh! 22 2;8;-!cpf!cu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!ugevkqp!2)d*!qh!vjg!Cev!qh!Lwpg! 23 26-!2;28!)51!Uvcv/!334=!33!W/U/E/!512)d**=!cpf!rwtejcug! 24 qh!rcuugpigt!oqvqt!xgjkengu!hqt!qhhkekcn!wug!cpf!oqvqt!xgjk. 25 engu!hqt!ncy!gphqtegogpv!wug!ykvj!urgekcn!tgswktgogpv!xgjk. 26 engu!gnkikdng!hqt!rwtejcug!ykvjqwv!tgictf!vq!cp{!rtkeg!nkok. 27 vcvkqp! qvjgtykug! guvcdnkujgf! d{! ncy-! %214-611-111! )kp. 28 etgcugf! d{! %2*! )tgfwegf! d{! %6-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! 29 %6-111-111*-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf-! 2; Vjcv!vjg!rtqxkukqpu!qh!vjg!hktuv!ugpvgpeg!qh!ugevkqp!216)h*! 31 cpf! cnn! qh! ugevkqp! 219)e*! qh! vjg! Owvwcn! Gfwecvkqpcn! cpf! 32 Ewnvwtcn! Gzejcpig! Cev! qh! 2;72! )33! W/U/E/! 3566)h*! cpf! 33 3569)e**! ujcnn! crrn{! kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjgug! cevkxkvkgu<! Rtq. 34 xkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! rc{ogpvu! cpf! eqpvtkdwvkqpu! eqnngevgf! 35 cpf!ceegrvgf!hqt!ocvgtkcnu!qt!ugtxkegu!rtqxkfgf!cu!rctv!qh! 36 uwej!cevkxkvkgu!oc{!dg!tgvckpgf!hqt!wug!kp!eqxgtkpi!vjg!equv!
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 272 of 421

6!

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4 vkqpcn! ugewtkv{! cevkxkvkgu! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Eqoogteg!

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22 qh!nqcp!iwctcpvggu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!ugevkqp!37!qh!vjg!Uvgxgp.

23 uqp.Y{fngt!Vgejpqnqi{!Kppqxcvkqp!Cev!qh!2;91!)26!W/U/E/!

24 4832*-! cpf! hqt! itcpvu-! %321-611-111-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng!

25 wpvkn! gzrgpfgf=! qh! yjkej! %6-111-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! rtqlgevu!

26 vq! hceknkvcvg! vjg! tgnqecvkqp-! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! qh! c!

27 uqwteg! qh! gornq{ogpv! nqecvgf! qwvukfg! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

28 cpf! qh! yjkej! %6-111-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! nqcp! iwctcpvggu!

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31 ujcnn! dg! cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 613! qh! vjg! Eqpitguukqpcn!

32 Dwfigv! Cev! qh! 2;85<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjgug! hwpfu!

33 hqt! nqcp! iwctcpvggu! wpfgt! uwej! ugevkqp! 37! ctg! cxckncdng!

34 vq! uwdukfk|g! vqvcn! nqcp! rtkpekrcn-! cp{! rctv! qh! yjkej! ku! vq!

35 dg!iwctcpvggf-!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%81-111-111/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 273 of 421

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Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! cfokpkuvgtkpi! vjg! geq.

4 pqoke!fgxgnqrogpv!cuukuvcpeg!rtqitcou!cu!rtqxkfgf!hqt!d{!

5 ncy-!%48-111-111<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!vjgug!hwpfu!oc{!dg!wugf!

6 vq! oqpkvqt! rtqlgevu! crrtqxgf! rwtuwcpv! vq! vkvng! K! qh! vjg!

7 Rwdnke! Yqtmu! Gornq{ogpv! Cev! qh! 2;87-! vkvng! KK! qh! vjg!

8 Vtcfg! Cev! qh! 2;85-! cpf! vjg! Eqoowpkv{! Gogtigpe{!

9 Ftqwijv!Tgnkgh!Cev!qh!2;88/!

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Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Eqo.

23 ogteg! kp! hquvgtkpi-! rtqoqvkpi-! cpf! fgxgnqrkpi! okpqtkv{!

24 dwukpguu! gpvgtrtkug-! kpenwfkpi! gzrgpugu! qh! itcpvu-! eqp.

25 vtcevu-!cpf!qvjgt!citggogpvu!ykvj!rwdnke!qt!rtkxcvg!qticpk.

26 |cvkqpu-!%41-111-111/!

27

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Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ncy-! qh! geq.

2; pqoke!cpf!uvcvkuvkecn!cpcn{uku!rtqitcou!qh!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!

31 qh!Eqoogteg-!%;;-111-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!Ugr.

32 vgodgt!41-!3127/!

33

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35

Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!hqt!eqnngevkpi-!eqorknkpi-!cpc.

36 n{|kpi-!rtgrctkpi!cpf!rwdnkujkpi!uvcvkuvkeu-!rtqxkfgf!hqt!d{!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 274 of 421

8!

2 ncy-! %359-111-111<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv-! htqo! coqwpvu! rtq.

3 xkfgf! jgtgkp-! hwpfu!oc{!dg!wugf! hqt!rtqoqvkqp-!qwvtgcej-!

4 cpf! octmgvkpi! cevkxkvkgu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! Dw.

5 tgcw!qh!vjg!Egpuwu!ujcnn!eqnngev!fcvc!hqt!vjg!Cppwcn!Uqekcn!

6 cpf!Geqpqoke!Uwrrngogpv!vq!vjg!Ewttgpv!Rqrwncvkqp!Uwt.

7 xg{! wukpi! vjg! ucog! jgcnvj! kpuwtcpeg! swguvkqpu! kpenwfgf!

8 kp! rtgxkqwu! {gctu-! rtkqt! vq! vjg! tgxkugf! swguvkqpu! korng.

9 ogpvgf! kp! vjg! Ewttgpv! Rqrwncvkqp! Uwtxg{! dgikppkpi! kp!

; Hgdtwct{!3125/!

21

!

22

Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!hqt!eqnngevkpi-!eqorknkpi-!cpc.

23 n{|kpi-!rtgrctkpi!cpf!rwdnkujkpi!uvcvkuvkeu!hqt!rgtkqfke!egp.

24 uwugu! cpf! rtqitcou! rtqxkfgf! hqt! d{! ncy-! %969-611-111!

25 )tgfwegf! d{! %221-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %5-111-111*! )tg.

26 fwegf! d{! %5-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %4-111-111*! )tgfwegf!

27 d{!%23-111-111*-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!Ugrvgodgt!41-!

28 3127<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv-! htqo! coqwpvu! rtqxkfgf! jgtgkp-!

29 hwpfu! oc{! dg! wugf! hqt! rtqoqvkqp-! qwvtgcej-! cpf! oct.

2; mgvkpi! cevkxkvkgu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! ykvjkp! vjg!

31 coqwpvu!crrtqrtkcvgf-!%2-662-111!ujcnn!dg!vtcpuhgttgf!vq!

32 vjg!Qhhkeg!qh!Kpurgevqt!Igpgtcn!ceeqwpv!hqt!cevkxkvkgu!cu.

33 uqekcvgf! ykvj! ectt{kpi! qwv! kpxguvkicvkqpu! cpf! cwfkvu! tg.

34 ncvgf!vq!vjg!Dwtgcw!qh!vjg!Egpuwu/!

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719 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11118 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 275 of 421

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6 vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Vgngeqoowpkecvkqpu! cpf! Kphqtocvkqp! Cf.

7 okpkuvtcvkqp! )PVKC*-! %47-811-111-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng!

8 wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3127<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv-! pqvykvj.

9 uvcpfkpi! 42! W/U/E/! 2646)f*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Eqoogteg!

; ujcnn! ejctig! Hgfgtcn! cigpekgu! hqt! equvu! kpewttgf! kp! urge.

21 vtwo! ocpcigogpv-!cpcn{uku-!qrgtcvkqpu-! cpf! tgncvgf! ugtx.

22 kegu-!cpf!uwej!hggu!ujcnn!dg!tgvckpgf!cpf!wugf!cu!qhhugvvkpi!

23 eqnngevkqpu! hqt! equvu! qh! uwej! urgevtwo! ugtxkegu-! vq! tgockp!

24 cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! Uge.

25 tgvct{!qh!Eqoogteg!ku!cwvjqtk|gf!vq!tgvckp!cpf!wug!cu!qhh.

26 ugvvkpi! eqnngevkqpu! cnn! hwpfu! vtcpuhgttgf-! qt! rtgxkqwun{!

27 vtcpuhgttgf-!htqo!qvjgt!Iqxgtpogpv!cigpekgu!hqt!cnn!equvu!

28 kpewttgf!kp!vgngeqoowpkecvkqpu!tgugctej-!gpikpggtkpi-!cpf!

29 tgncvgf! cevkxkvkgu! d{! vjg! Kpuvkvwvg! hqt! Vgngeqoowpkecvkqp!

2; Uekgpegu!qh!PVKC-!kp!hwtvjgtcpeg!qh!kvu!cuukipgf!hwpevkqpu!

31 wpfgt!vjku!rctcitcrj-!cpf!uwej!hwpfu!tgegkxgf!htqo!qvjgt!

32 Iqxgtpogpv! cigpekgu! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gz.

33 rgpfgf/!

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JT! 5771! REU
720 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11119 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 276 of 421

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Hqt! vjg! cfokpkuvtcvkqp! qh! rtkqt.{gct! itcpvu-! tgeqx.

5 gtkgu! cpf! wpqdnkicvgf! dcncpegu! qh! hwpfu! rtgxkqwun{! crrtq.

6 rtkcvgf! ctg! cxckncdng! hqt! vjg! cfokpkuvtcvkqp! qh! cnn! qrgp!

7 itcpvu!wpvkn!vjgkt!gzrktcvkqp/!

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Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Rcvgpv!

22 cpf! Vtcfgoctm! Qhhkeg! )WURVQ*! rtqxkfgf! hqt! d{! ncy-! kp.

23 enwfkpi!fghgpug!qh!uwkvu!kpuvkvwvgf!cickpuv!vjg!Wpfgt!Uge.

24 tgvct{!qh!Eqoogteg!hqt!Kpvgnngevwcn!Rtqrgtv{!cpf!Fktgevqt!

25 qh!vjg!WURVQ-!%4-569-111-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!

26 gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! vjg! uwo! jgtgkp! crrtqrtkcvgf!

27 htqo!vjg!igpgtcn!hwpf!ujcnn!dg!tgfwegf!cu!qhhugvvkpi!eqnnge.

28 vkqpu!qh!hggu!cpf!uwtejctigu!cuuguugf!cpf!eqnngevgf!d{!vjg!

29 WURVQ! wpfgt! cp{! ncy! ctg! tgegkxgf! fwtkpi! hkuecn! {gct!

2; 3126-! uq! cu! vq! tguwnv! kp! c! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! crrtqrtkcvkqp!

31 htqo! vjg! igpgtcn! hwpf! guvkocvgf! cv! %1<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!

32 Vjcv! fwtkpi! hkuecn! {gct! 3126-! ujqwnf! vjg! vqvcn! coqwpv! qh!

33 uwej! qhhugvvkpi! eqnngevkqpu! dg! nguu! vjcp! %4-569-111-111!

34 vjku! coqwpv! ujcnn! dg! tgfwegf! ceeqtfkpin{<! Rtqxkfgf! hwt.

35 vjgt-! Vjcv! cp{! coqwpv! tgegkxgf! kp! gzeguu! qh!

36 %4-569-111-111! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! cpf! fgrqukvgf! kp! vjg!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
721 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1111; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 277 of 421
21! 2 Rcvgpv! cpf! Vtcfgoctm! Hgg! Tgugtxg! Hwpf! ujcnn! tgockp! 3 cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!vjg!Fktge. 4 vqt! qh! WURVQ! ujcnn! uwdokv! c! urgpfkpi! rncp! vq! vjg! Eqo. 5 okvvggu!qp!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! 6 cpf! vjg! Ugpcvg! hqt! cp{! coqwpvu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjg! 7 rtgegfkpi!rtqxkuq!cpf!uwej!urgpfkpi!rncp!ujcnn!dg!vtgcvgf! 8 cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 616! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! 9 ujcnn! pqv! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp! qt! gzrgpfkvwtg! gzegrv! ; kp!eqornkcpeg!ykvj!vjg!rtqegfwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp<! 21 Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!cp{!coqwpvu!tgrtqitcoogf!kp!ce. 22 eqtfcpeg! ykvj! vjg! rtgegfkpi! rtqxkuq! ujcnn! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! 23 vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Rcvgpv! cpf! Vtcfgoctm! Qhhkeg! Ucnc. 24 tkgu! cpf! Gzrgpugu! ceeqwpv<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! htqo! 25 coqwpvu! rtqxkfgf! jgtgkp-! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %;11! ujcnn! dg! 26 ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! hqt! qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp! 27 cpf!tgrtgugpvcvkqp!gzrgpugu<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!kp!hku. 28 ecn!{gct!3126!htqo!vjg!coqwpvu!ocfg!cxckncdng!hqt!Ucnc. 29 tkgu! cpf! Gzrgpugu! hqt! vjg! WURVQ-! vjg! coqwpvu! pge. 2; guuct{! vq! rc{! )2*! vjg! fkhhgtgpeg! dgvyggp! vjg! rgtegpvcig! 31 qh! dcuke! rc{! eqpvtkdwvgf! d{! vjg! WURVQ! cpf! gornq{ggu! 32 wpfgt!ugevkqp!9445)c*!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!cpf! 33 vjg! pqtocn! equv! rgtegpvcig! )cu! fghkpgf! d{! ugevkqp! 34 9442)28*! qh! vjcv! vkvng*! cu! rtqxkfgf! d{! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Rgt. 35 uqppgn! Ocpcigogpv! )QRO*! hqt! WURVQu! urgekhke! wug-! qh! 36 dcuke!rc{-!qh!gornq{ggu!uwdlgev!vq!uwdejcrvgt!KKK!qh!ejcr.
JT! 5771! REU
722 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11121 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 278 of 421
22! 2 vgt!94!qh!vjcv!vkvng-!cpf!)3*!vjg!rtgugpv!xcnwg!qh!vjg!qvjgt. 3 ykug! wphwpfgf! ceetwkpi! equvu-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{!QRO! hqt! 4 WURVQu! urgekhke! wug! qh! rquv.tgvktgogpv! nkhg! kpuwtcpeg! 5 cpf! rquv.tgvktgogpv! jgcnvj! dgpghkvu! eqxgtcig! hqt! cnn! 6 WURVQ!gornq{ggu!yjq!ctg!gptqnngf!kp!Hgfgtcn!Gornq{ggu! 7 Jgcnvj! Dgpghkvu! )HGJD*! cpf! Hgfgtcn! Gornq{ggu! Itqwr! 8 Nkhg!Kpuwtcpeg!)HGINK*-!ujcnn!dg!vtcpuhgttgf!vq!vjg!Ekxkn! 9 Ugtxkeg! Tgvktgogpv! cpf! Fkucdknkv{! Hwpf-! vjg! HGINK! ; Hwpf-!cpf!vjg!HGJD!Hwpf-!cu!crrtqrtkcvg-!cpf!ujcnn!dg! 21 cxckncdng! hqt! vjg! cwvjqtk|gf! rwtrqugu! qh! vjqug! ceeqwpvu<! 22 Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!cp{!fkhhgtgpegu!dgvyggp!vjg!rtgugpv! 23 xcnwg!hcevqtu!rwdnkujgf!kp!QROu!{gctn{!411!ugtkgu!dgpghkv! 24 ngvvgtu! cpf! vjg! hcevqtu! vjcv! QRO! rtqxkfgu! hqt! WURVQu! 25 urgekhke! wug! ujcnn! dg! tgeqipk|gf! cu! cp! korwvgf! equv! qp! 26 WURVQu!hkpcpekcn!uvcvgogpvu-!yjgtg!crrnkecdng<!Rtqxkfgf! 27 hwtvjgt-!Vjcv-!pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-! 28 cnn!hggu!cpf!uwtejctigu!cuuguugf!cpf!eqnngevgf!d{!WURVQ! 29 ctg! cxckncdng! hqt! WURVQ! qpn{! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 53)e*! 2; qh! vkvng! 46-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! 31 ykvjkp! vjg! coqwpvu! crrtqrtkcvgf-! %3-111-111! ujcnn! dg! 32 vtcpuhgttgf! vq! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Kpurgevqt! Igpgtcn! ceeqwpv! 33 hqt! cevkxkvkgu! cuuqekcvgf! ykvj! ectt{kpi! qwv! kpxguvkicvkqpu! 34 cpf!cwfkvu!tgncvgf!vq!vjg!WURVQ/!
JT! 5771! REU
723 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11122 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 279 of 421

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Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh!

5 Uvcpfctfu! cpf! Vgejpqnqi{! )PKUV*-! %781-611-111-! vq! tg.

6 ockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf-! qh! yjkej! pqv! vq! gzeggf!

7 %;-111-111! oc{! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! vq! vjg! Yqtmkpi! Ecrkvcn!

8 Hwpf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %6-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt!

9 qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp! cpf! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! gzrgpugu<! Rtqxkfgf!

; hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! PKUV! oc{! rtqxkfg! nqecn! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! hqt!

21 uwoogt! wpfgtitcfwcvg! tgugctej! hgnnqyujkr! rtqitco! rct.

22 vkekrcpvu/!

23

!

24

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! vjg! Jqnnkpiu! Ocpwhce.

25 vwtkpi! Gzvgpukqp! Rctvpgtujkr! qh! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh!

26 Uvcpfctfu! cpf! Vgejpqnqi{-! %241-111-111-! vq! tgockp!

27 cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf/!

28

!

29

Hqt! eqpuvtwevkqp! qh! pgy! tgugctej! hceknkvkgu-! kpenwfkpi!

2; ctejkvgevwtcn! cpf! gpikpggtkpi! fgukip-! cpf! hqt! tgpqxcvkqp!

31 cpf! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! gzkuvkpi! hceknkvkgu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtq.

32 xkfgf! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh! Uvcpfctfu! cpf! Vgej.

33 pqnqi{-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu! 24! vjtqwij! 26! qh! vjg!

34 Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh! Uvcpfctfu! cpf! Vgejpqnqi{! Cev! )26!

35 W/U/E/!389e389g*-!%66-411-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!

36 gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Eqoogteg!ujcnn!

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724 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11123 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 280 of 421

24!

2 kpenwfg!kp!vjg!dwfigv!lwuvkhkecvkqp!ocvgtkcnu!vjcv!vjg!Uge.

3 tgvct{!uwdokvu!vq! Eqpitguu!kp!uwrrqtv!qh!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!

4 qh!Eqoogteg!dwfigv!)cu!uwdokvvgf!ykvj!vjg!dwfigv!qh!vjg!

5 Rtgukfgpv!wpfgt!ugevkqp!2216)c*!qh!vkvng!42-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!

6 Eqfg*! cp! guvkocvg! hqt! gcej! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh! Uvcpf.

7 ctfu! cpf! Vgejpqnqi{! eqpuvtwevkqp! rtqlgev! jcxkpi! c! vqvcn!

8 ownvk.{gct!rtqitco!equv!qh!oqtg!vjcp!%6-111-111!cpf!uk.

9 ownvcpgqwun{! vjg! dwfigv! lwuvkhkecvkqp! ocvgtkcnu! ujcnn! kp.

; enwfg!cp! guvkocvg! qh! vjg! dwfigvct{! tgswktgogpvu! hqt!gcej!

21 uwej!rtqlgev!hqt!gcej!qh!vjg!6!uwdugswgpv!hkuecn!{gctu/!

22

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Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!qh!cevkxkvkgu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!ncy!

27 hqt!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Qegcpke!cpf!Cvoqurjgtke!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp-!

28 kpenwfkpi!ockpvgpcpeg-!qrgtcvkqp-!cpf!jktg!qh!cktetchv!cpf!

29 xguugnu=! itcpvu-! eqpvtcevu-! qt! qvjgt! rc{ogpvu! vq! pqprtqhkv!

2; qticpk|cvkqpu! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! eqpfwevkpi! cevkxkvkgu!

31 rwtuwcpv! vq! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpvu=! cpf! tgnqecvkqp! qh! hc.

32 eknkvkgu-!%4-19;-591-111!)kpetgcugf!d{!%23-111-111*-!vq!tg.

33 ockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3127-! gzegrv! vjcv!

34 hwpfu! rtqxkfgf! hqt! eqqrgtcvkxg! gphqtegogpv! ujcnn! tgockp!

35 cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3128<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! hggu!

36 cpf!fqpcvkqpu!tgegkxgf!d{!vjg! Pcvkqpcn!Qegcp!Ugtxkeg!hqt!

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JT! 5771! REU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 281 of 421
25! 2 vjg! ocpcigogpv! qh! pcvkqpcn! octkpg! ucpevwctkgu! oc{! dg! 3 tgvckpgf!cpf!wugf!hqt!vjg!ucnctkgu!cpf!gzrgpugu!cuuqekcvgf! 4 ykvj!vjqug!cevkxkvkgu-!pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!ugevkqp!4413!qh!vkvng! 5 42-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! kp! cffk. 6 vkqp-! %227-111-111! ujcnn! dg! fgtkxgf! d{! vtcpuhgt! htqo! vjg! 7 hwpf!gpvkvngf!Rtqoqvg!cpf!Fgxgnqr!Hkujgt{!Rtqfwevu!cpf! 8 Tgugctej! Rgtvckpkpi! vq! Cogtkecp! Hkujgtkgu<! Rtqxkfgf! 9 hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!qh!vjg!%4-331-591-111!rtqxkfgf!hqt!kp!fktgev! ; qdnkicvkqpu! wpfgt! vjku! jgcfkpi! %4-19;-591-111! ku! crrtq. 21 rtkcvgf! htqo! vjg! igpgtcn! hwpf-! %227-111-111! ku! rtqxkfgf! 22 d{! vtcpuhgt-! cpf! %26-111-111! ku! fgtkxgf! htqo! tgeqxgtkgu! 23 qh! rtkqt! {gct! qdnkicvkqpu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! vqvcn! 24 coqwpv! cxckncdng! hqt! Pcvkqpcn! Qegcpke! cpf! Cvoqurjgtke! 25 Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! eqtrqtcvg! ugtxkegu! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! uwrrqtv! 26 equvu! ujcnn! pqv! gzeggf! %326-765-111<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! 27 Vjcv! cp{! fgxkcvkqp! htqo! vjg! coqwpvu! fgukipcvgf! hqt! urg. 28 ekhke!cevkxkvkgu!kp!vjg!tgrqtv!ceeqorcp{kpi!vjku!Cev-!qt!cp{! 29 wug! qh! fgqdnkicvgf! dcncpegu! qh! hwpfu! rtqxkfgf! wpfgt! vjku! 2; jgcfkpi! kp! rtgxkqwu! {gctu-! ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! rtqeg. 31 fwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!ugevkqp!616!qh!vjku!Cev<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-! 32 Vjcv!kp!cffkvkqp-!hqt!pgeguuct{!tgvktgf!rc{!gzrgpugu!wpfgt! 33 vjg! Tgvktgf! Ugtxkegocpu! Hcokn{! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Uwtxkxqt! 34 Dgpghkvu! Rncp-! cpf! hqt! rc{ogpvu! hqt! vjg! ogfkecn! ectg! qh! 35 tgvktgf!rgtuqppgn!cpf!vjgkt!fgrgpfgpvu!wpfgt!vjg!Fgrgpf.
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 282 of 421

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9 3128-!gzegrv!vjcv!hwpfu!rtqxkfgf!hqt!eqpuvtwevkqp!qh!hceknk.

; vkgu!ujcnn!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!

21 qh! vjg! %3-29;-3;1-111! rtqxkfgf! hqt! kp! fktgev! qdnkicvkqpu!

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23 vjg!igpgtcn!hwpf!cpf!%24-111-111!ku!rtqxkfgf!htqo!tgeqx.

24 gtkgu!qh!rtkqt!{gct!qdnkicvkqpu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!cp{!

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31 vkhkecvkqp!ocvgtkcnu!vjcv!vjg!Ugetgvct{!uwdokvu!vq!Eqpitguu!

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34 2216)c*! qh! vkvng! 42-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*! cp! guvkocvg! hqt!

35 gcej! Pcvkqpcn! Qegcpke! cpf! Cvoqurjgtke! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!

36 rtqewtgogpv-! ceswkukvkqp! qt! eqpuvtwevkqp! rtqlgev! jcxkpi! c!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 283 of 421

27!

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29 Eqcuv! )kpenwfkpi! Cncumc*-! hqt! rtqlgevu! pgeguuct{! hqt! eqp.

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31 nkuvgf! cu! vjtgcvgpgf! qt! gpfcpigtgf-! qt! vjcv! ctg! kfgpvkhkgf!

32 d{!c!Uvcvg!cu!cv.tkum!vq!dg!uq!nkuvgf-!hqt!ockpvckpkpi!rqrw.

33 ncvkqpu!pgeguuct{!hqt!gzgtekug!qh!vtkdcn!vtgcv{!hkujkpi!tkijvu!

34 qt!pcvkxg!uwdukuvgpeg!hkujkpi-!qt!hqt!eqpugtxcvkqp!qh!Rcekhke!

35 eqcuvcn!ucnoqp!cpf!uvggnjgcf!jcdkvcv-!dcugf!qp!iwkfgnkpgu!

36 vq! dg! fgxgnqrgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Eqoogteg<! Rtqxkfgf!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 284 of 421

28!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 285 of 421

29!

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27 cevkxkvkgu! urgekhkgf! kp! vjg! Cev! qh! Qevqdgt! 37-! 2;5;! )26!

28 W/U/E/!2625*-!vq!vjg!gzvgpv!cpf!kp!vjg!ocppgt!rtguetkdgf!

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33 rwdnke!kpvgtguv/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 286 of 421

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21 hgtu<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!cp{!vtcpuhgt!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjku!ugevkqp!

22 ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! qh! hwpfu! wpfgt! uge.

23 vkqp! 616! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf!ujcnn! pqv! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkic.

24 vkqp! qt! gzrgpfkvwtg! gzegrv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! rtqeg.

25 fwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!vjg!

26 Ugetgvct{!qh!Eqoogteg!ujcnn!pqvkh{!vjg!Eqookvvggu!qp!Cr.

27 rtqrtkcvkqpu!cv!ngcuv!26!fc{u!kp!cfxcpeg!qh!vjg!ceswkukvkqp!

28 qt!fkurqucn!qh!cp{!ecrkvcn!cuugv!)kpenwfkpi!ncpf-!uvtwevwtgu-!

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31 qh!Eqoogteg/!

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34 Crrtqrtkcvkqpu! Cev-! 3123! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 22366*-! cu!

35 cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 216! qh! vkvng! K! qh! fkxkukqp! D! qh! Rwdnke!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 287 of 421

31!

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6 nkokvgf!vq!wvknkvkgu-!vgngeqoowpkecvkqpu-!cpf!ugewtkv{!ugtx.

7 kegu*!pgeguuct{!vq!uwrrqtv!vjg!qrgtcvkqp-!ockpvgpcpeg-!cpf!

8 kortqxgogpv!qh!urceg!vjcv!rgtuqpu-!hktou-!qt!qticpk|cvkqpu!

9 ctg!cwvjqtk|gf-!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjg!Rwdnke!Dwknfkpiu!Eqqrgtc.

; vkxg!Wug!Cev!qh!2;87!qt!qvjgt!cwvjqtkv{-!vq!wug!qt!qeewr{!

21 kp! vjg! Jgtdgtv! E/! Jqqxgt! Dwknfkpi-! Ycujkpivqp-! FE-! qt!

22 qvjgt! dwknfkpiu-! vjg! ockpvgpcpeg-! qrgtcvkqp-! cpf! rtqvge.

23 vkqp! qh! yjkej! jcu! dggp! fgngicvgf! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! htqo!

24 vjg! Cfokpkuvtcvqt! qh! Igpgtcn! Ugtxkegu! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg!

25 Hgfgtcn!Rtqrgtv{!cpf!Cfokpkuvtcvkxg!Ugtxkegu!Cev!qh!2;5;!

26 qp!c!tgkodwtucdng!qt!pqp.tgkodwtucdng!dcuku/!Coqwpvu!tg.

27 egkxgf! cu! tgkodwtugogpv! hqt! ugtxkegu! rtqxkfgf! wpfgt! vjku!

28 ugevkqp!qt!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!wpfgt!yjkej!vjg!wug!qt!qeewrcpe{!

29 qh! vjg! urceg! ku! cwvjqtk|gf-!wr!vq! %311-111-! ujcnn! dg! etgf.

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31 equvu!qh!uwej!ugtxkegu/!

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34 tcrj{-! eqr{tkijv! kphtkpigogpv-! qt! cp{! qvjgt! wpncyhwn! ce.

35 vkxkv{!qxgt!kvu!pgvyqtmu/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 288 of 421

32!

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4 vjgkt!eqpugpv-!ykvj!tgkodwtugogpv!cpf!uwdlgev!vq!vjg!nko.

5 kvu! qh! cxckncdng! crrtqrtkcvkqpu-! vjg! ncpf-! ugtxkegu-! gswkr.

6 ogpv-!rgtuqppgn-!cpf!hceknkvkgu!qh!cp{!fgrctvogpv-!cigpe{-!

7 qt! kpuvtwogpvcnkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! qt! qh! cp{! Uvcvg-!

8 nqecn! iqxgtpogpv-! Kpfkcp! vtkdcn! iqxgtpogpv-! Vgttkvqt{-! qt!

9 rquuguukqp-! qt! qh! cp{! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! vjgtgqh-! qt! qh!

; cp{! hqtgkip! iqxgtpogpv! qt! kpvgtpcvkqpcn! qticpk|cvkqp-! hqt!

21 rwtrqugu!tgncvgf!vq!ectt{kpi!qwv!vjg!tgurqpukdknkvkgu!qh!cp{!

22 uvcvwvg!cfokpkuvgtgf!d{!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Qegcpke!cpf!Cvoqu.

23 rjgtke!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp/!

24

U /! 219/! Vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Eqoogteg! ujcnn! rtq.

25 xkfg! c! oqpvjn{! tgrqtv! vq! vjg! Eqookvvggu! qp! Crrtqrtkc.

26 vkqpu! qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! cpf! vjg! Ugpcvg! qp!

27 cp{! qhhkekcn! vtcxgn! vq! Ejkpc! d{! cp{! gornq{gg! qh! vjg! W/U/!

28 Fgrctvogpv! qh! Eqoogteg-! kpenwfkpi! vjg! rwtrqug! qh! uwej!

29 vtcxgn/!

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Vjku! vkvng! oc{! dg! ekvgf! cu! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Eqo.

31 ogteg!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev-!3126/!

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JT! 5771! REU
733 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11132 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 289 of 421

33!

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7 Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! %214-962-111! )tgfwegf! d{!

8 %2-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %2-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{!

9 %2-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %2-611-111*! )tgfwegf! d{!

; %3-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %2-155-556*! )tgfwegf! d{!

21 %6-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! %6-111-111*-! qh! yjkej! pqv! vq!

22 gzeggf! %5-111-111! hqt! ugewtkv{! cpf! eqpuvtwevkqp! qh! Fg.

23 rctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! hceknkvkgu! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn!

24 gzrgpfgf/!

25

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27 pqnqi{-! kpenwfkpi! rncppkpi-! fgxgnqrogpv-! fgrnq{ogpv! cpf!

28 fgrctvogpvcn! fktgevkqp-! %36-953-111! )tgfwegf! d{!

29 %3-611-111*!)tgfwegf!d{!%4-111-111*-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!

2; wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!oc{!

31 vtcpuhgt! wr! vq! %46-511-111! vq! vjku! ceeqwpv-! htqo! hwpfu!

32 cxckncdng! vq! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! hqt! kphqtocvkqp!

33 vgejpqnqi{-!hqt!gpvgtrtkug.ykfg!kphqtocvkqp!vgejpqnqi{!kpk.

34 vkcvkxgu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! vtcpuhgt! cwvjqtkv{! kp!

35 vjg! rtgegfkpi! rtqxkuq! ku! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! cp{! qvjgt! vtcpuhgt!

36 cwvjqtkv{!eqpvckpgf!kp!vjku!Cev/!

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734 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11133 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 290 of 421

34!

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5 fqp!cpf!engogpe{!rgvkvkqpu!cpf!kookitcvkqp.tgncvgf!cevkxk.

6 vkgu-! %446-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*-! qh! yjkej!

7 %5-111-111! ujcnn! dg! fgtkxgf! d{! vtcpuhgt! htqo! vjg! Gzgew.

8 vkxg! Qhhkeg! hqt! Kookitcvkqp! Tgxkgy! hggu! fgrqukvgf! kp! vjg!

9 Kookitcvkqp! Gzcokpcvkqpu! Hgg! ceeqwpv<! Rtqxkfgf-!

; Vjcv-!qh!vjg!coqwpv!rtqxkfgf-!pqv! vq!gzeggf!%21-111-111!

21 ku! hqt! vjg! Gzgewvkxg! Qhhkeg! hqt! Kookitcvkqp! Tgxkgy! hqt!

22 eqwtvjqwug! qrgtcvkqpu-! ncpiwcig! ugtxkegu! cpf! cwvqocvgf!

23 u{uvgo! tgswktgogpvu! cpf! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gz.

24 rgpfgf/!

25

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27 Igpgtcn-!%99-111-111-!kpenwfkpi!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%21-111!vq!

28 oggv! wphqtguggp! gogtigpekgu! qh! c! eqphkfgpvkcn! ejctcevgt/!

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32 Eqookuukqp!cu!cwvjqtk|gf-!%24-419-111/!

33

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36 Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg-!pqv!qvjgtykug!rtqxkfgf!hqt-!kpenwf.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 291 of 421
35! 2 kpi! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %31-111! hqt! gzrgpugu! qh! eqnngevkpi! gxk. 3 fgpeg-! vq! dg! gzrgpfgf! wpfgt! vjg! fktgevkqp! qh-! cpf! vq! dg! 4 ceeqwpvgf!hqt!uqngn{!wpfgt!vjg!egtvkhkecvg!qh-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{! 5 Igpgtcn=! cpf! tgpv! qh! rtkxcvg! qt! Iqxgtpogpv.qypgf! urceg! 6 kp! vjg! Fkuvtkev! qh! Eqnwodkc-! %9;4-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{! 7 %977-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %9-111-111*-! qh! yjkej! pqv! vq! gz. 8 eggf!%31-111-111!hqt!nkvkicvkqp!uwrrqtv!eqpvtcevu!ujcnn!tg. 9 ockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!qh!vjg!vqvcn! ; coqwpv!crrtqrtkcvgf-!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%;-111!ujcnn!dg!cxckn. 21 cdng!vq!KPVGTRQN!Ycujkpivqp!hqt!qhhkekcn!tgegrvkqp!cpf! 22 tgrtgugpvcvkqp! gzrgpugu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! pqvykvj. 23 uvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 316! qh! vjku! Cev-! wrqp! c! fgvgtokpcvkqp! 24 d{! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjcv! gogtigpv! ektewouvcpegu! tg. 25 swktg!cffkvkqpcn!hwpfkpi!hqt!nkvkicvkqp!cevkxkvkgu!qh!vjg!Ekxkn! 26 Fkxkukqp-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!oc{!vtcpuhgt!uwej!coqwpvu! 27 vq!Ucnctkgu!cpf!Gzrgpugu-!Igpgtcn!Ngicn!Cevkxkvkgu!htqo! 28 cxckncdng!crrtqrtkcvkqpu!hqt!vjg!ewttgpv!hkuecn!{gct!hqt!vjg! 29 Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! cu! oc{! dg! pgeguuct{! vq! tgurqpf! 2; vq!uwej!ektewouvcpegu<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!cp{!vtcpuhgt! 31 rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg! rtgegfkpi! rtqxkuq! ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c! 32 tgrtqitcookpi! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 616! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! 33 pqv! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp! qt! gzrgpfkvwtg! gzegrv! kp! 34 eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! rtqegfwtgu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjcv! ugevkqp<! 35 Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! qh! vjg! coqwpv! crrtqrtkcvgf-! uwej! 36 uwou! cu! oc{! dg! pgeguuct{! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! vq! vjg! Ekxkn!
JT! 5771! REU
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fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 292 of 421

36!

2 Tkijvu! Fkxkukqp! hqt! ucnctkgu! cpf! gzrgpugu! cuuqekcvgf! ykvj!

3 vjg! gngevkqp! oqpkvqtkpi! rtqitco! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 9! qh! vjg!

4 Xqvkpi!Tkijvu!Cev!qh!2;76!)53!W/U/E/!2;84h*!cpf!vq!tgko.

5 dwtug! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Rgtuqppgn! Ocpcigogpv! hqt! uwej! ucnc.

6 tkgu! cpf! gzrgpugu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! qh! vjg! coqwpvu!

7 rtqxkfgf! wpfgt! vjku! jgcfkpi! hqt! vjg! gngevkqp! oqpkvqtkpi!

8 rtqitco-! %4-4;1-111! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gz.

9 rgpfgf/!

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21 rctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! cuuqekcvgf! ykvj! rtqeguukpi! ecugu!

22 wpfgt!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Ejknfjqqf!Xceekpg!Kplwt{!Cev!qh!2;97-!

23 pqv! vq! gzeggf! %8-944-111-! vq! dg! crrtqrtkcvgf! htqo! vjg!

24 Xceekpg!Kplwt{!Eqorgpucvkqp!Vtwuv!Hwpf/!

25

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27 vtwuv!cpf!mkpftgf!ncyu-!%273-357-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!

28 wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!

29 rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! hggu! eqnngevgf! hqt! rtgogtigt! pqvkhkecvkqp!

2; hknkpiu! wpfgt! vjg! Jctv.Ueqvv.Tqfkpq! Cpvkvtwuv! Kortqxg.

31 ogpvu!Cev!qh!2;87!)26!W/U/E/!29c*-!tgictfnguu!qh!vjg!{gct!

32 qh! eqnngevkqp! )cpf! guvkocvgf! vq! dg! %211-111-111! kp! hkuecn!

33 {gct! 3126*-! ujcnn! dg! tgvckpgf! cpf! wugf! hqt! pgeguuct{! gz.

34 rgpugu! kp! vjku! crrtqrtkcvkqp-! cpf! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng!

35 wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!vjg!uwo!jgtgkp!cr.

36 rtqrtkcvgf!htqo!vjg!igpgtcn!hwpf!ujcnn!dg!tgfwegf!cu!uwej!

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JT! 5771! REU
737 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11136 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 293 of 421

37!

2 qhhugvvkpi!eqnngevkqpu!ctg!tgegkxgf!fwtkpi!hkuecn!{gct!3126-!

3 uq! cu! vq! tguwnv! kp! c! hkpcn! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! crrtqrtkcvkqp!

4 htqo!vjg!igpgtcn!hwpf!guvkocvgf!cv!%73-357-111/!

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7 Uvcvgu! Cvvqtpg{u-! kpenwfkpi! kpvgt.iqxgtpogpvcn! cpf! eqqr.

8 gtcvkxg! citggogpvu-! %2-;81-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{!

9 %2-111-111*<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! qh! vjg! vqvcn! coqwpv! crrtq.

; rtkcvgf-!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%8-311!ujcnn!dg!cxckncdng!hqt!qhhkekcn!

21 tgegrvkqp! cpf! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! gzrgpugu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!

22 Vjcv! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %36-111-111! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng!

23 wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!gcej!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!

24 Cvvqtpg{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! qt! rctvkekrcvg! kp! c! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

25 Cvvqtpg{.ngf!vcum!hqteg!qp!jwocp!vtchhkemkpi/!

26

!

27

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Vtwuvgg!

28 Rtqitco-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf-! %336-;19-111-! vq! tgockp! cxckn.

29 cdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf! cpf! vq! dg! fgtkxgf! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf!

2; Uvcvgu! Vtwuvgg! U{uvgo! Hwpf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv-! pqvykvj.

31 uvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!fgrqukvu!vq!vjg!Hwpf!

32 ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! kp! uwej! coqwpvu! cu! oc{! dg! pgeguuct{!

33 vq!rc{!tghwpfu!fwg!fgrqukvqtu<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv-!pqv.

34 ykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh! ncy-!%336-;19-111!qh!

35 qhhugvvkpi! eqnngevkqpu! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 69;c)d*! qh! vkvng!

36 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ujcnn! dg! tgvckpgf! cpf! wugf! hqt!

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JT! 5771! REU
738 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11137 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 294 of 421

38!

2 pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!kp!vjku!crrtqrtkcvkqp!cpf!ujcnn!tgockp!

3 cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! uwo!

4 jgtgkp! crrtqrtkcvgf! htqo! vjg! Hwpf! ujcnn! dg! tgfwegf! cu!

5 uwej! qhhugvvkpi! eqnngevkqpu! ctg! tgegkxgf! fwtkpi! hkuecn! {gct!

6 3126-!uq!cu!vq!tguwnv!kp!c!hkpcn!hkuecn!{gct!3126!crrtqrtkc.

7 vkqp!htqo!vjg!Hwpf!guvkocvgf!cv!%1/!

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21 vjg! Hqtgkip! Enckou! Ugvvngogpv! Eqookuukqp-! kpenwfkpi!

22 ugtxkegu! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 421;! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf!

23 Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!%3-437-111/!

24

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26 eqpvtcevu! hqt! vjg! rtqewtgogpv! cpf! uwrgtxkukqp! qh! gzrgtv!

27 ykvpguugu-! hqt! rtkxcvg! eqwpugn! gzrgpugu-! kpenwfkpi! cf.

28 xcpegu-!cpf!hqt!gzrgpugu!qh!hqtgkip!eqwpugn-!%381-111-111-!

29 vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf-!qh!yjkej!pqv!vq!gzeggf!

2; %27-111-111!ku!hqt!eqpuvtwevkqp!qh!dwknfkpiu!hqt!rtqvgevgf!

31 ykvpguu!uchgukvgu=!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%4-111-111!ku!hqt!vjg!rwt.

32 ejcug! cpf! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! ctoqtgf! cpf! qvjgt! xgjkengu! hqt!

33 ykvpguu!ugewtkv{!ectcxcpu=!cpf!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%22-111-111!

34 ku! hqt! vjg! rwtejcug-! kpuvcnncvkqp-! ockpvgpcpeg-! cpf! wr.

35 itcfg! qh! ugewtg! vgngeqoowpkecvkqpu! gswkrogpv! cpf! c! ug.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 295 of 421

39!

2 ewtg!cwvqocvgf!kphqtocvkqp!pgvyqtm!vq!uvqtg!cpf!tgvtkgxg!

3 vjg!kfgpvkvkgu!cpf!nqecvkqpu!qh!rtqvgevgf!ykvpguugu/!

4

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7 Ugtxkeg-!%23-111-111<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!uge.

8 vkqp!316!qh!vjku!Cev-!wrqp!c!fgvgtokpcvkqp!d{!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!

9 Igpgtcn! vjcv! gogtigpv! ektewouvcpegu! tgswktg! cffkvkqpcn!

; hwpfkpi!hqt!eqphnkev!tguqnwvkqp!cpf!xkqngpeg!rtgxgpvkqp!ce.

21 vkxkvkgu! qh! vjg! Eqoowpkv{! Tgncvkqpu! Ugtxkeg-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

22 Igpgtcn!oc{!vtcpuhgt!uwej!coqwpvu!vq!vjg!Eqoowpkv{!Tg.

23 ncvkqpu! Ugtxkeg-! htqo! cxckncdng! crrtqrtkcvkqpu!hqt! vjg! ewt.

24 tgpv!hkuecn!{gct!hqt!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg-!cu!oc{!dg!

25 pgeguuct{!vq!tgurqpf!vq!uwej!ektewouvcpegu<!Rtqxkfgf!hwt.

26 vjgt-!Vjcv!cp{!vtcpuhgt!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjg!rtgegfkpi!rtqxkuq!

27 ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 616!

28 qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!pqv!dg!cxckncdng!hqt!qdnkicvkqp!qt!gz.

29 rgpfkvwtg! gzegrv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! rtqegfwtgu! ugv!

2; hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp/!

31

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33 cpf! )I*! qh! ugevkqp! 635)e*)2*! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

34 Eqfg-! %31-625-111-! vq! dg! fgtkxgf! htqo! vjg! Fgrctvogpv!

35 qh!Lwuvkeg!Cuugvu!Hqthgkvwtg!Hwpf/!

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JT! 5771! REU
740 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11139 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 296 of 421

3;!

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5 ujcnu! Ugtxkeg-! %2-2;;-111-111-! qh! yjkej! pqv! vq! gzeggf!

6 %7-111! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp! cpf! tgr.

7 tgugpvcvkqp!gzrgpugu-!cpf!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%26-111-111!ujcnn!

8 tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf/!

9

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Hqt! eqpuvtwevkqp! kp! urceg! eqpvtqnngf-! qeewrkgf! qt! wvk.

21 nk|gf! d{! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Octujcnu! Ugtxkeg! hqt! rtkuqpgt!

22 jqnfkpi!cpf!tgncvgf!uwrrqtv-!%;-911-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckn.

23 cdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf/!

24

!

25

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26

Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!tgncvgf!vq!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!rtku.

27 qpgtu!kp!vjg!ewuvqf{!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Octujcnu!Ugtxkeg!

28 cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 5124! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

29 Eqfg-!%2-6;6-418-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!

2; Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%31-111-111!ujcnn!dg!eqpukf.

31 gtgf! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! hqt! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqteg.

32 ogpv! cuukuvcpeg! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 5124)d*! qh! vkvng! 29-!

33 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! Wpkvgf!

34 Uvcvgu!Octujcnu!Ugtxkeg!ujcnn!dg!tgurqpukdng!hqt!ocpcikpi!

35 vjg! Lwuvkeg! Rtkuqpgt! cpf! Cnkgp! Vtcpurqtvcvkqp! U{uvgo<!

36 Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv! cp{! wpqdnkicvgf! dcncpegu!cxckncdng!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
741 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1113; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 297 of 421

41!

2 htqo! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! wpfgt! vjg! jgcfkpi! Igpgtcn! Cf.

3 okpkuvtcvkqp-! Fgvgpvkqp! Vtwuvgg! ujcnn! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! vq!

4 cpf!ogtigf!ykvj!vjg!crrtqrtkcvkqp!wpfgt!vjku!jgcfkpi/!

5

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7

Hqt! gzrgpugu! pgeguuct{! vq! ectt{! qwv! vjg! cevkxkvkgu! qh!

8 vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Ugewtkv{!Fkxkukqp-!%;5-911-111-!qh!yjkej!pqv!

9 vq! gzeggf! %6-111-111! hqt! kphqtocvkqp! vgejpqnqi{! u{uvgou!

; ujcnn!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!pqv.

21 ykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 316! qh! vjku! Cev-! wrqp! c! fgvgtokpc.

22 vkqp!d{!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!vjcv!gogtigpv!ektewouvcpegu!

23 tgswktg!cffkvkqpcn!hwpfkpi!hqt!vjg!cevkxkvkgu!qh!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!

24 Ugewtkv{!Fkxkukqp-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!oc{!vtcpuhgt!uwej!

25 coqwpvu!vq!vjku!jgcfkpi!htqo!cxckncdng!crrtqrtkcvkqpu!hqt!

26 vjg! ewttgpv! hkuecn! {gct! hqt! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! cu!

27 oc{! dg! pgeguuct{! vq! tgurqpf! vq! uwej! ektewouvcpegu<! Rtq.

28 xkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!cp{!vtcpuhgt!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjg!rtgegfkpi!

29 rtqxkuq!ujcnn!dg!vtgcvgf!cu!c!tgrtqitcookpi!wpfgt!ugevkqp!

2; 616! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! pqv! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp!

31 qt! gzrgpfkvwtg! gzegrv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! rtqegfwtgu!

32 ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp/!

33

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34

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35

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! hqt! vjg! kfgpvkhkecvkqp-! kpxgu.

36 vkicvkqp-!cpf!rtqugewvkqp!qh!kpfkxkfwcnu!cuuqekcvgf!ykvj!vjg!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
742 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11141 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 298 of 421

42!

2 oquv! ukipkhkecpv! ftwi! vtchhkemkpi! cpf! chhknkcvgf! oqpg{!

3 ncwpfgtkpi!qticpk|cvkqpu!pqv!qvjgtykug!rtqxkfgf!hqt-!vq!kp.

4 enwfg!kpvgt.iqxgtpogpvcn!citggogpvu! ykvj!Uvcvg!cpf!nqecn!

5 ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigpekgu!gpicigf!kp!vjg!kpxguvkicvkqp!cpf!

6 rtqugewvkqp!qh!kpfkxkfwcnu!kpxqnxgf!kp!qticpk|gf!etkog!ftwi!

7 vtchhkemkpi-! %626-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %5-111-111*-! qh!

8 yjkej! %61-111-111! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf<!

9 Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! cp{! coqwpvu! qdnkicvgf! htqo! crrtqrtkc.

; vkqpu! wpfgt! vjku! jgcfkpi! oc{! dg! wugf! wpfgt! cwvjqtkvkgu!

21 cxckncdng!vq!vjg!qticpk|cvkqpu!tgkodwtugf!htqo!vjku!crrtq.

22 rtkcvkqp/!

23

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26 xguvkicvkqp!hqt!fgvgevkqp-!kpxguvkicvkqp-!cpf!rtqugewvkqp!qh!

27 etkogu! cickpuv! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! %9-467-968-111-! qh!

28 yjkej! pqv! nguu! vjcp! %9-611-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn!

29 Icpi! cpf! Jwocp! Vtchhkemkpi! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Egpvgt-! cpf! qh!

2; yjkej! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %327-;11-111! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng!

31 wpvkn! gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %295-611!

32 ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp! cpf! tgrtgugpvcvkqp!

33 gzrgpugu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! wr! vq! %2-111-111! ujcnn!

34 dg! hqt! c! eqortgjgpukxg! tgxkgy! qh! vjg! korngogpvcvkqp! qh!

35 vjg!tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!tgncvgf!vq!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Dwtgcw!qh!Kp.

36 xguvkicvkqp!vjcv!ygtg!rtqrqugf!kp!vjg!tgrqtv!kuuwgf!d{!vjg!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
743 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11142 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 299 of 421

43!

2 Pcvkqpcn! Eqookuukqp! qp! Vgttqtkuv! Cvvcemu! Wrqp! vjg!

3 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

4

!

5

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! vq! kpenwfg! vjg! equv! qh! gswkr.

6 ogpv-!hwtpkvwtg-!cpf!kphqtocvkqp!vgejpqnqi{!tgswktgogpvu-!

7 tgncvgf! vq! eqpuvtwevkqp! qt! ceswkukvkqp! qh! dwknfkpiu-! hceknk.

8 vkgu! cpf! ukvgu! d{! rwtejcug-! qt! cu! qvjgtykug! cwvjqtk|gf! d{!

9 ncy=! eqpxgtukqp-! oqfkhkecvkqp! cpf! gzvgpukqp! qh! Hgfgtcnn{.!

; qypgf! dwknfkpiu=! rtgnkokpct{! rncppkpi! cpf! fgukip! qh!

21 rtqlgevu=! cpf! qrgtcvkqp! cpf! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! ugewtg! yqtm!

22 gpxktqpogpv! hceknkvkgu! cpf! ugewtg! pgvyqtmkpi! ecrcdknkvkgu=!

23 %221-;93-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf/!

24

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26

Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!qh!vjg!Ftwi!Gphqtegogpv!Cf.

27 okpkuvtcvkqp-!kpenwfkpi!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%81-111!vq!oggv!wp.

28 hqtguggp!gogtigpekgu!qh!c!eqphkfgpvkcn!ejctcevgt!rwtuwcpv!

29 vq! ugevkqp! 641E! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg=! cpf! gz.

2; rgpugu! hqt! eqpfwevkpi! ftwi! gfwecvkqp! cpf! vtckpkpi! rtq.

31 itcou-! kpenwfkpi! vtcxgn! cpf! tgncvgf! gzrgpugu! hqt! rctvkek.

32 rcpvu! kp! uwej! rtqitcou! cpf! vjg! fkuvtkdwvkqp! qh! kvgou! qh!

33 vqmgp! xcnwg! vjcv! rtqoqvg! vjg! iqcnu! qh! uwej! rtqitcou-!

34 %3-164-431-111!)tgfwegf!d{!%6-111-111*=!qh!yjkej!pqv!vq!

35 gzeggf! %86-111-111! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
744 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11143 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 300 of 421

44!

2 cpf! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %;1-111! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qhhkekcn!

3 tgegrvkqp!cpf!tgrtgugpvcvkqp!gzrgpugu/!

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Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!qh!vjg!Dwtgcw!qh!Cneqjqn-!Vq.

8 dceeq-!Hktgctou!cpf!Gzrnqukxgu-!hqt!vtckpkpi!qh!Uvcvg!cpf!

9 nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigpekgu!ykvj!qt!ykvjqwv!tgkodwtug.

; ogpv-! kpenwfkpi! vtckpkpi! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! vjg! vtckpkpi!

21 cpf! ceswkukvkqp! qh! ecpkpgu! hqt! gzrnqukxgu! cpf! hktg!

22 ceegngtcpvu! fgvgevkqp=! cpf! hqt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncdqtcvqt{! cu.

23 ukuvcpeg!vq!Uvcvg!cpf!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigpekgu-!ykvj!

24 qt! ykvjqwv! tgkodwtugogpv-! %2-311-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{!

25 %7-111-111*-! qh! yjkej! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %47-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt!

26 qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp! cpf! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! gzrgpugu-! pqv! vq! gz.

27 eggf! %2-111-111! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! vjg! rc{ogpv! qh! cv.

28 vqtpg{u! hggu! cu! rtqxkfgf! d{! ugevkqp! ;35)f*)3*! qh! vkvng! 29-!

29 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %31-111-111! ujcnn!

2; tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pqpg! qh!

31 vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! jgtgkp! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! vq! kpxgu.

32 vkicvg!qt!cev!wrqp!crrnkecvkqpu!hqt!tgnkgh!htqo!Hgfgtcn!hktg.

33 ctou! fkucdknkvkgu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! ;36)e*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf!

34 Uvcvgu! Eqfg<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! uwej! hwpfu! ujcnn! dg!

35 cxckncdng! vq! kpxguvkicvg!cpf! cev! wrqp!crrnkecvkqpu!hkngf! d{!

36 eqtrqtcvkqpu! hqt! tgnkgh! htqo! Hgfgtcn! hktgctou! fkucdknkvkgu!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
745 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11144 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 301 of 421

45!

2 wpfgt!ugevkqp!;36)e*!qh!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg<!Rtq.

3 xkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!pq!hwpfu!ocfg!cxckncdng!d{!vjku!qt!cp{!

4 qvjgt!Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!vtcpuhgt!vjg!hwpevkqpu-!okuukqpu-!

5 qt! cevkxkvkgu! qh! vjg! Dwtgcw! qh! Cneqjqn-! Vqdceeq-! Hktgctou!

6 cpf! Gzrnqukxgu! vq! qvjgt! cigpekgu! qt! Fgrctvogpvu<! Rtq.

7 xkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Dwknfkpi!cv!;;!Pgy![qtm!

8 Cxgpwg-! PG-! Ycujkpivqp-! FE-! jgcfswctvgtu! qh! vjg! Dw.

9 tgcw! qh! Cneqjqn-! Vqdceeq-! Hktgctou! cpf! Gzrnqukxgu-! ujcnn!

; jgtgchvgt!dg!mpqyp!cpf!fgukipcvgf!cu!vjg!Ctkgn!Tkqu!Hgf.

21 gtcn!Dwknfkpi/!

22

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23

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24

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25

Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!qh!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Rtkuqp!U{uvgo!

26 hqt! vjg! cfokpkuvtcvkqp-! qrgtcvkqp-! cpf! ockpvgpcpeg! qh!

27 Hgfgtcn! rgpcn! cpf! eqttgevkqpcn! kpuvkvwvkqpu-! cpf! hqt! vjg!

28 rtqxkukqp!qh!vgejpkecn!cuukuvcpeg!cpf!cfxkeg!qp!eqttgevkqpu!

29 tgncvgf!kuuwgu!vq!hqtgkip!iqxgtpogpvu-!%7-976-111-111!)tg.

2; fwegf! d{! %611-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %611-111*! )tgfwegf! d{!

31 %2-111-111*<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{!

32 vtcpuhgt!vq!vjg!Jgcnvj!Tguqwtegu!cpf!Ugtxkegu!Cfokpkuvtc.

33 vkqp!uwej!coqwpvu!cu!oc{!dg!pgeguuct{!hqt!fktgev!gzrgpfk.

34 vwtgu!d{!vjcv!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!hqt!ogfkecn!tgnkgh!hqt!kpocvgu!

35 qh! Hgfgtcn! rgpcn! cpf! eqttgevkqpcn! kpuvkvwvkqpu<! Rtqxkfgf!

36 hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Rtkuqp! U{uvgo-!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
746 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11145 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 302 of 421

46!

2 yjgtg! pgeguuct{-! oc{! gpvgt! kpvq! eqpvtcevu! ykvj! c! hkuecn!

3 cigpv!qt!hkuecn!kpvgtogfkct{!enckou!rtqeguuqt!vq!fgvgtokpg!

4 vjg!coqwpvu!rc{cdng!vq!rgtuqpu!yjq-!qp!dgjcnh!qh!vjg!Hgf.

5 gtcn! Rtkuqp! U{uvgo-! hwtpkuj! jgcnvj! ugtxkegu! vq! kpfkxkfwcnu!

6 eqookvvgf! vq! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Rtkuqp! U{uvgo<!

7 Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%6-511!ujcnn!dg!cxckn.

8 cdng! hqt! qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp! cpf! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! gzrgpugu<!

9 Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%61-111-111!ujcnn!tg.

; ockp! cxckncdng! hqt! pgeguuct{! qrgtcvkqpu! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt!

21 41-!3127<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv-!qh!vjg!coqwpvu!rtqxkfgf!

22 hqt!eqpvtcev!eqphkpgogpv-!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%31-111-111!ujcnn!

23 tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf! vq! ocmg! rc{ogpvu! kp! cf.

24 xcpeg!hqt! itcpvu-! eqpvtcevu!cpf! tgkodwtucdng! citggogpvu-!

25 cpf! qvjgt! gzrgpugu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! Fktgevqt!

26 qh! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Rtkuqp! U{uvgo! oc{! ceegrv! fqpcvgf! rtqr.

27 gtv{! cpf! ugtxkegu! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! qrgtcvkqp! qh! vjg! rtkuqp!

28 ectf!rtqitco!htqo!c!pqv.hqt.rtqhkv!gpvkv{!yjkej!jcu!qrgt.

29 cvgf! uwej! rtqitco! kp! vjg! rcuv-! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! vjg! hcev!

2; vjcv! uwej! pqv.hqt.rtqhkv! gpvkv{! hwtpkujgu! ugtxkegu! wpfgt!

31 eqpvtcevu!vq!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Rtkuqp!U{uvgo!tgncvkpi!vq!vjg!qr.

32 gtcvkqp! qh! rtg.tgngcug! ugtxkegu-! jcnhyc{! jqwugu-! qt! qvjgt!

33 ewuvqfkcn!hceknkvkgu/!

34

!

35

Hqt! rncppkpi-! ceswkukvkqp! qh! ukvgu! cpf! eqpuvtwevkqp! qh!

36 pgy!hceknkvkgu=!rwtejcug!cpf!ceswkukvkqp!qh!hceknkvkgu!cpf!tg.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
747 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11146 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 303 of 421

47!

2 oqfgnkpi-! cpf! gswkrrkpi! qh! uwej! hceknkvkgu! hqt! rgpcn! cpf!

3 eqttgevkqpcn!wug-!kpenwfkpi!cnn!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!kpekfgpv!

4 vjgtgvq-! d{! eqpvtcev! qt! hqteg! ceeqwpv=! cpf! eqpuvtwevkpi-!

5 tgoqfgnkpi-! cpf! gswkrrkpi! pgeguuct{! dwknfkpiu! cpf! hceknk.

6 vkgu!cv!gzkuvkpi!rgpcn!cpf!eqttgevkqpcn!kpuvkvwvkqpu-!kpenwf.

7 kpi!cnn!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!kpekfgpv!vjgtgvq-!d{!eqpvtcev!qt!

8 hqteg!ceeqwpv-!%226-111-111!)tgfwegf!d{!%3-311-111*!)tg.

9 fwegf!d{!%6-611-111*-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf-!

; qh! yjkej! %36-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{! %6-611-111*! ujcnn! dg!

21 cxckncdng! qpn{! hqt! equvu! tgncvgf! vq! eqpuvtwevkqp! qh! pgy! hc.

22 eknkvkgu-! qh! yjkej! pqv! nguu! vjcp! %87-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{!

23 %3-311-111*! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! qpn{! hqt! oqfgtpk|cvkqp-!

24 ockpvgpcpeg! cpf! tgrckt-! cpf! qh! yjkej! pqv! vq! gzeggf!

25 %25-111-111! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! vq! eqpuvtwev! ctgcu! hqt! kp.

26 ocvg! yqtm! rtqitcou<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! ncdqt! qh! Wpkvgf!

27 Uvcvgu! rtkuqpgtu! oc{! dg! wugf! hqt! yqtm! rgthqtogf! wpfgt!

28 vjku!crrtqrtkcvkqp/!

29

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Vjg!Hgfgtcn!Rtkuqp!Kpfwuvtkgu-!Kpeqtrqtcvgf-!ku!jgtg.

31 d{!cwvjqtk|gf!vq!ocmg!uwej!gzrgpfkvwtgu!ykvjkp!vjg!nkokvu!

32 qh!hwpfu!cpf!dqttqykpi!cwvjqtkv{!cxckncdng-!cpf!kp!ceeqtf!

33 ykvj! vjg! ncy-! cpf! vq! ocmg! uwej! eqpvtcevu! cpf! eqookv.

34 ogpvu!ykvjqwv!tgictf!vq!hkuecn!{gct!nkokvcvkqpu!cu!rtqxkfgf!

35 d{! ugevkqp! ;215! qh! vkvng! 42-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cu! oc{!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
748 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11147 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 304 of 421

48!

2 dg! pgeguuct{!kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjg! rtqitco! ugv! hqtvj! kp!vjg!

3 dwfigv! hqt! vjg! ewttgpv! hkuecn! {gct! hqt! uwej! eqtrqtcvkqp/!

4

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Pqv!vq!gzeggf!%3-811-111!qh!vjg!hwpfu!qh!vjg!Hgfgtcn!

7 Rtkuqp! Kpfwuvtkgu-! Kpeqtrqtcvgf-! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! kvu!

8 cfokpkuvtcvkxg!gzrgpugu-!cpf!hqt!ugtxkegu!cu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!

9 ugevkqp! 421;! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! vq! dg! eqo.

; rwvgf!qp!cp!ceetwcn!dcuku!vq!dg!fgvgtokpgf!kp!ceeqtfcpeg!

21 ykvj! vjg! eqtrqtcvkqpu! ewttgpv! rtguetkdgf! ceeqwpvkpi! u{u.

22 vgo-!cpf!uwej! coqwpvu! ujcnn! dg! gzenwukxg! qh! fgrtgekcvkqp-!

23 rc{ogpv!qh! enckou-!cpf!gzrgpfkvwtgu! yjkej!uwej!ceeqwpv.

24 kpi! u{uvgo! tgswktgu! vq! dg! ecrkvcnk|gf! qt! ejctigf! vq! equv!

25 qh!eqooqfkvkgu!ceswktgf!qt!rtqfwegf-!kpenwfkpi!ugnnkpi!cpf!

26 ujkrrkpi!gzrgpugu-!cpf!gzrgpugu!kp!eqppgevkqp!ykvj!ceswk.

27 ukvkqp-!eqpuvtwevkqp-!qrgtcvkqp-!ockpvgpcpeg-!kortqxgogpv-!

28 rtqvgevkqp-! qt! fkurqukvkqp! qh! hceknkvkgu! cpf! qvjgt! rtqrgtv{!

29 dgnqpikpi!vq!vjg!eqtrqtcvkqp!qt!kp!yjkej!kv!jcu!cp!kpvgtguv/!

2; U

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32

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33

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Hqt! itcpvu-! eqpvtcevu-! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpvu-! cpf!

35 qvjgt!cuukuvcpeg!hqt!vjg!rtgxgpvkqp!cpf!rtqugewvkqp!qh!xkq.

36 ngpeg!cickpuv!yqogp-!cu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!vjg!Qopkdwu!Etkog!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
749 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11148 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 305 of 421

49!

2 Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh! 2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 4822!

3 gv! ugs/*! )vjg! 2;79! Cev*=! vjg! Xkqngpv! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf!

4 Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Cev! qh! 2;;5! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 214433*!

5 )vjg!2;;5!Cev*=!vjg!Xkevkou!qh!Ejknf!Cdwug!Cev!qh!2;;1!

6 )Rwdnke! Ncy! 212758*! )vjg! 2;;1! Cev*=! vjg! Rtqugew.

7 vqtkcn! Tgogfkgu! cpf! Qvjgt! Vqqnu! vq! gpf! vjg! Gzrnqkvcvkqp!

8 qh!Ejknftgp!Vqfc{!Cev!qh!3114!)Rwdnke!Ncy!21932*=!vjg!

9 Lwxgpkng!Lwuvkeg!cpf!Fgnkpswgpe{!Rtgxgpvkqp!Cev!qh!2;85!

; )53! W/U/E/! 6712! gv! ugs/*! )vjg! 2;85! Cev*=! vjg! Xkevkou!

21 qh!Vtchhkemkpi!cpf!Xkqngpeg!Rtqvgevkqp!Cev!qh!3111!)Rwdnke!

22 Ncy! 217497*! )vjg! 3111! Cev*=! vjg! Xkqngpeg! Cickpuv!

23 Yqogp! cpf! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp! Cev!

24 qh!3116!)Rwdnke!Ncy!21;273*!)vjg!3116!Cev*=!cpf!vjg!

25 Xkqngpeg! Cickpuv! Yqogp! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp! Cev! qh! 3124!

26 )Rwdnke!Ncy!2245*!)vjg!3124!Cev*=!cpf!hqt!tgncvgf!xke.

27 vkou! ugtxkegu-! %536-611-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*!

28 )kpetgcugf!d{!%611-111*!)kpetgcugf!d{!%3-611-111*-!vq!tg.

29 ockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! gzegrv! cu!

2; qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! d{! ncy-! pqv! vq! gzeggf! 6! rgtegpv! qh!

31 hwpfu!ocfg! cxckncdng!wpfgt!vjku!jgcfkpi! oc{!dg!wugf! hqt!

32 gzrgpugu!tgncvgf!vq!gxcnwcvkqp-! vtckpkpi-! cpf!vgejpkecn!cu.

33 ukuvcpeg<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!qh!vjg!coqwpv!rtqxkfgf•!

34

)2*! %2;6-111-111! ku! hqt! itcpvu! vq! eqodcv! xkq.

35

ngpeg! cickpuv! yqogp-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! rctv! V! qh! vjg!

36

2;79!Cev=!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
750 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11149 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 306 of 421

4;!

2

)3*! %36-111-111! ku! hqt! vtcpukvkqpcn! jqwukpi! cu.

3

ukuvcpeg! itcpvu! hqt! xkevkou! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg-! fcv.

4

kpi! xkqngpeg-! uvcnmkpi! qt! ugzwcn! cuucwnv! cu! cwvjqtk|gf!

5

d{! ugevkqp! 513;;! qh! vjg! 2;;5! Cev=!

6

)4*! %4-111-111! ku! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh!

7

Lwuvkeg! hqt! tgugctej! cpf! gxcnwcvkqp! qh! xkqngpeg!

8

cickpuv! yqogp! cpf! tgncvgf! kuuwgu! cfftguugf! d{!

9

itcpv! rtqitcou! qh! vjg! Qhhkeg! qp! Xkqngpeg! Cickpuv!

;

Yqogp-! yjkej! ujcnn! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! vq! Tgugctej-!

21

Gxcnwcvkqp! cpf! Uvcvkuvkeu! hqt! cfokpkuvtcvkqp! d{! vjg!

22

Qhhkeg! qh! Lwuvkeg! Rtqitcou=!

23

)5*! %21-111-111! ku! hqt! c! itcpv! rtqitco! vq! rtq.

24

xkfg! ugtxkegu! vq! cfxqecvg! hqt! cpf! tgurqpf! vq! {qwvj!

25

xkevkou! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg-! fcvkpi! xkqngpeg-! ugzwcn!

26

cuucwnv-! cpf! uvcnmkpi=! cuukuvcpeg! vq! ejknftgp! cpf!

27

{qwvj! gzrqugf! vq! uwej! xkqngpeg=! rtqitcou! vq! gpicig!

28

ogp! cpf! {qwvj! kp! rtgxgpvkpi! uwej! xkqngpeg=! cpf! cu.

29

ukuvcpeg! vq! okffng! cpf! jkij! uejqqn! uvwfgpvu! vjtqwij!

2;

gfwecvkqp! cpf! qvjgt! ugtxkegu! tgncvgf! vq! uwej! xkqngpeg<!

31

Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! wpqdnkicvgf! dcncpegu! cxckncdng! hqt!

32

vjg! rtqitcou! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu! 52312-! 52315-!

33

52414! cpf! 52416! qh! vjg! 2;;5! Cev-! rtkqt! vq! kvu!

34

cogpfogpv! d{! vjg! 3124! Cev-! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt!

35

vjku! rtqitco<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! 21! rgtegpv! qh!

36

vjg! vqvcn! coqwpv! cxckncdng! hqt! vjku! itcpv! rtqitco!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
751 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1114; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 307 of 421

51!

2

ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! itcpvu! wpfgt! vjg! rtqitco! cw.

3

vjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 3126! qh! vjg! 2;79! Cev<! Rtqxkfgf!

4

hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! vjg! fghkpkvkqpu! cpf! itcpv! eqpfkvkqpu! kp!

5

ugevkqp! 51113! qh! vjg! 2;;5! Cev! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! vjku!

6

rtqitco=!

7

)6*! %61-111-111! ku! hqt! itcpvu! vq! gpeqwtcig! ct.

8

tguv! rqnkekgu! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! rctv! W! qh! vjg! 2;79!

9

Cev-! qh! yjkej! %5-111-111! ku! hqt! c! jqokekfg! tgfwevkqp!

;

kpkvkcvkxg=!

21

)7*! %3;-611-111! ku! hqt! ugzwcn! cuucwnv! xkevkou!

22

cuukuvcpeg-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 52712! qh! vjg!

23

2;;5!Cev=!

24

)8*! %42-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %3-611-111*! ku!

25

hqt! twtcn! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg! cpf! ejknf! cdwug! gphqteg.

26

ogpv! cuukuvcpeg! itcpvu-! kpenwfkpi! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{!

27

ugevkqp! 513;6! qh! vjg! 2;;5! Cev=!

28

)9*! %22-611-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*! ku!

29

hqt! itcpvu! vq! tgfweg! xkqngpv! etkogu! cickpuv! yqogp!

2;

qp! ecorwu-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 415! qh! vjg! 3116!

31

Cev=!

32

);*! %53-611-111! ku! hqt! ngicn! cuukuvcpeg! hqt! xke.

33

vkou-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 2312! qh! vjg! 3111! Cev=!

34

)21*! %5-361-111! ku! hqt! gpjcpegf! vtckpkpi! cpf!

35

ugtxkegu! vq! gpf! xkqngpeg! cickpuv! cpf! cdwug! qh! yqogp!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
752 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11151 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 308 of 421

52!

2

kp! ncvgt! nkhg-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 51913! qh! vjg!

3

2;;5!Cev=!

4

)22*! %27-111-111! ku! hqt! itcpvu! vq! uwrrqtv! hcok.

5

nkgu! kp! vjg! lwuvkeg! u{uvgo-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp!

6

2412! qh! vjg! 3111! Cev<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! wpqdnkicvgf!

7

dcncpegu! cxckncdng! hqt! vjg! rtqitcou! cwvjqtk|gf! d{!

8

ugevkqp! 2412! qh! vjg! 3111! Cev! cpf! ugevkqp! 52113! qh!

9

vjg! 2;;5! Cev-! rtkqt! vq! vjgkt! cogpfogpv! d{! vjg! 3124!

;

Cev-! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! vjku! rtqitco=!

21

)23*! %6-861-111! ku! hqt! gfwecvkqp! cpf! vtckpkpi!

22

vq! gpf! xkqngpeg! cickpuv! cpf! cdwug! qh! yqogp! ykvj!

23

fkucdknkvkgu-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 2513! qh! vjg!

24

3111!Cev=!

25

)24*! %611-111! ku! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Tguqwteg!

26

Egpvgt! qp! Yqtmrnceg! Tgurqpugu! vq! cuukuv! xkevkou! qh!

27

fqoguvke! xkqngpeg-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 52612! qh!

28

vjg!2;;5!Cev=!

29

)25*!%2-111-111! ku! hqt! cpcn{uku! cpf! tgugctej! qp!

2;

xkqngpeg! cickpuv! Kpfkcp! yqogp-! kpenwfkpi! cu! cwvjqt.

31

k|gf! d{! ugevkqp! ;15! qh! vjg! 3116! Cev<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv!

32

uwej! hwpfu! oc{! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! vq! Tgugctej-! Gxcn.

33

wcvkqp! cpf! Uvcvkuvkeu! hqt! cfokpkuvtcvkqp! d{! vjg! Qh.

34

hkeg! qh! Lwuvkeg! Rtqitcou=! cpf!

35

)26*! %611-111! ku! hqt! c! pcvkqpcn! engctkpijqwug!

36

vjcv! rtqxkfgu! vtckpkpi! cpf! vgejpkecn! cuukuvcpeg! qp!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
753 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11152 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 309 of 421

53!

2

kuuwgu! tgncvkpi! vq! ugzwcn! cuucwnv! qh! Cogtkecp! Kpfkcp!

3

cpf! Cncumc! Pcvkxg! yqogp/!

4

Q

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5

-!

!

6

Hqt! itcpvu-! eqpvtcevu-! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpvu-! cpf!

7 qvjgt! cuukuvcpeg! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Qopkdwu!

8 Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh! 2;79! )vjg! 2;79!

9 Cev*=! vjg! Lwxgpkng! Lwuvkeg! cpf! Fgnkpswgpe{! Rtgxgpvkqp!

; Cev!qh!2;85!)vjg!2;85!Cev*=!vjg!Okuukpi!Ejknftgpu!Cu.

21 ukuvcpeg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 6882! gv! ugs/*=! vjg! Rtqugewvqtkcn!

22 Tgogfkgu!cpf!Qvjgt!Vqqnu!vq!gpf!vjg!Gzrnqkvcvkqp!qh!Ejkn.

23 ftgp!Vqfc{!Cev!qh!3114!)Rwdnke!Ncy!21932*=!vjg!Lwuvkeg!

24 hqt! Cnn! Cev! qh! 3115! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 219516*=! vjg! Xkqngpeg!

25 Cickpuv! Yqogp! cpf! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! Tgcwvjqtk|c.

26 vkqp!Cev!qh!3116!)Rwdnke!Ncy!21;273*!)vjg!3116!Cev*=!

27 vjg!Xkevkou!qh!Ejknf!Cdwug!Cev!qh!2;;1!)Rwdnke!Ncy!212!

28 758*=! vjg! Ugeqpf! Ejcpeg! Cev! qh! 3118! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 221!

29 2;;*=! vjg! Xkevkou! qh! Etkog! Cev! qh! 2;95! )Rwdnke! Ncy! ;9!

2; 584*=! vjg! Cfco! Ycnuj! Ejknf! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Uchgv{! Cev!

31 qh!3117!)Rwdnke!Ncy!21;359*!)vjg!Cfco!Ycnuj!Cev*=!

32 vjg! RTQVGEV! Qwt! Ejknftgp! Cev! qh! 3119! )Rwdnke! Ncy!

33 221512*=!uwdvkvng!F!qh!vkvng!KK!qh!vjg!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!

34 Cev!qh!3113!)Rwdnke!Ncy!2183;7*!)vjg!3113!Cev*=!vjg!

35 PKEU! Kortqxgogpv! Cogpfogpvu! Cev! qh! 3118! )Rwdnke!

36 Ncy!221291*=!vjg!Xkqngpeg!Cickpuv!Yqogp!Tgcwvjqtk|c.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
754 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11153 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 310 of 421

54!

2 vkqp! Cev! qh! 3124! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 2245*! )vjg! 3124! Cev*=!

3 cpf! qvjgt! rtqitcou-! %235-361-111! )tgfwegf! d{!

4 %5-361-111*-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf-! qh!

5 yjkej•!

6

)2*! %58-361-111! )tgfwegf! d{! %3-361-111*! ku! hqt!

7

etkokpcn! lwuvkeg! uvcvkuvkeu! rtqitcou-! cpf! qvjgt! cevkxk.

8

vkgu-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! rctv! E! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79!

9

Cev<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! dgikppkpi! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 3! {gctu!

;

chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! cu! rctv! qh!

21

gcej! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Xkevkok|cvkqp! Uwtxg{-! vjg! Cv.

22

vqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! kpenwfg! uvcvkuvkeu! tgncvkpi! vq!

23

jqpqt!xkqngpeg=!

24

)3*! %53-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{! %3-111-111*! ku! hqt!

25

tgugctej-! fgxgnqrogpv-! cpf! gxcnwcvkqp! rtqitcou-! cpf!

26

qvjgt! cevkxkvkgu! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! rctv! D! qh! vkvng! K! qh!

27

vjg! 2;79! Cev! cpf! uwdvkvng! F! qh! vkvng! KK! qh! vjg! 3113!

28

Cev=! cpf!

29

)4*! %46-111-111! ku! hqt! tgikqpcn! kphqtocvkqp!

2;

ujctkpi! cevkxkvkgu-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! rctv! O! qh! vkvng! K!

31

qh! vjg! 2;79! Cev/!

32

!

33

Hqt! itcpvu-! eqpvtcevu-! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpvu-! cpf!

34 qvjgt! cuukuvcpeg! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! vjg! Xkqngpv! Etkog! Eqpvtqn!

35 cpf!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Cev!qh!2;;5!)Rwdnke!Ncy!214433*!

36 )vjg! 2;;5! Cev*=! vjg! Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
755 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11154 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 311 of 421
55! 2 Uvtggvu!Cev!qh!2;79!)vjg! 2;79!Cev*=!vjg!Lwuvkeg!hqt!Cnn! 3 Cev! qh! 3115! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 219516*=! vjg! Xkevkou! qh! Ejknf! 4 Cdwug! Cev! qh! 2;;1! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 212758*! )vjg! 2;;1! 5 Cev*=!vjg!Vtchhkemkpi!Xkevkou!Rtqvgevkqp!Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp! 6 Cev! qh! 3116! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 21;275*=! vjg! Xkqngpeg! Cickpuv! 7 Yqogp! cpf! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp! Cev! 8 qh! 3116! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 21;273*! )vjg! 3116! Cev*=! vjg! 9 Cfco! Ycnuj! Ejknf! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Uchgv{! Cev! qh! 3117! ; )Rwdnke!Ncy!21;359*!)vjg!Cfco!Ycnuj!Cev*=!vjg!Xke. 21 vkou! qh! Vtchhkemkpi! cpf! Xkqngpeg! Rtqvgevkqp! Cev! qh! 3111! 22 )Rwdnke! Ncy! 217497*=! vjg! PKEU! Kortqxgogpv! Cogpf. 23 ogpvu! Cev! qh! 3118! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 221291*=! uwdvkvng! F! qh! 24 vkvng!KK!qh!vjg!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!Cev!qh!3113!)Rwdnke!Ncy! 25 2183;7*! )vjg! 3113! Cev*=! vjg! Ugeqpf! Ejcpeg! Cev! qh! 26 3118! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 2212;;*=! vjg! Rtkqtkvk|kpi! Tguqwtegu! 27 cpf! Qticpk|cvkqp! hqt! Kpvgnngevwcn! Rtqrgtv{! Cev! qh! 3119! 28 )Rwdnke!Ncy!221514*=!vjg!Xkevkou!qh!Etkog!Cev!qh!2;95! 29 )Rwdnke! Ncy! ;9584*=! vjg! Ogpvcnn{! Knn! Qhhgpfgt! Vtgcv. 2; ogpv!cpf!Etkog!Tgfwevkqp!Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp!cpf!Kortqxg. 31 ogpv! Cev! qh! 3119! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 221527*=! vjg! Xkqngpeg! 32 Cickpuv!Yqogp!Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp!Cev!qh!3124!)Rwdnke!Ncy! 33 2245*! )vjg! 3124! Cev*=! cpf! qvjgt! rtqitcou-! 34 %2-346-726-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %4-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! 35 %5-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! 36 %3-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! %4-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{!
JT! 5771! REU
756 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11155 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 312 of 421

56!

2 %9-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! %6-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{!

3 %7-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{!

4 %2-111-111*! )tgfwegf! d{! %3-611-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{!

5 %5-361-111*!)kpetgcugf!d{!%2;-611-111*-!vq! tgockp! cxckn.

6 cdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf!cu!hqnnqyu•!

7

)2*! %487-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %5-361-111*! hqt!

8

vjg! Gfyctf! D{tpg! Ogoqtkcn! Lwuvkeg! Cuukuvcpeg!

9

Itcpv! rtqitco! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! uwdrctv! 2! qh! rctv!

;

G! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79! Cev! )gzegrv! vjcv! ugevkqp!

21

2112)e*-! cpf!vjg! urgekcn!twngu!hqt!Rwgtvq!Tkeq!wpfgt!

22

ugevkqp! 616)i*! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79! Cev! ujcnn! pqv!

23

crrn{! hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! Cev*-! qh! yjkej-! pqvykvj.

24

uvcpfkpi! uwej! uwdrctv! 2-! %3-611-111! ku! hqt! cp! kpkvkc.

25

vkxg! vq! kortqxg! vjg! swcnkv{! qh! lwxgpkng! kpfkigpv! fg.

26

hgpug! ugtxkegu-! %26-111-111! ku! hqt! c! Rtgxgpvkpi! Xkq.

27

ngpeg! Cickpuv! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Qhhkegt! Tguknkgpeg!

28

cpf! Uwtxkxcdknkv{! Kpkvkcvkxg! )XCNQT*-! %5-111-111! ku!

29

hqt! wug! d{! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh! Lwuvkeg! hqt! tg.

2;

ugctej! vctigvgf! vqyctf! fgxgnqrkpi! c! dgvvgt! wpfgt.

31

uvcpfkpi! qh! vjg! fqoguvke! tcfkecnk|cvkqp! rjgpqogpqp-!

32

cpf! cfxcpekpi! gxkfgpeg.dcugf! uvtcvgikgu! hqt! ghhgevkxg!

33

kpvgtxgpvkqp! cpf! rtgxgpvkqp-! cpf! %7-111-111! ku! hqt!

34

eqorgvkvkxg! itcpvu! vq! fkuvtkdwvg! hktgcto! uchgv{! ocvg.

35

tkcnu! cpf! iwp! nqemu=!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
757 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11156 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 313 of 421

57!

2

)3*! %321-111-111! hqt! vjg! Uvcvg! Etkokpcn! Cnkgp!

3

Cuukuvcpeg! Rtqitco-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp!

4

352)k*)6*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

5

W/U/E/! 2342)k*)6**<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pq! lwtkufkevkqp!

6

ujcnn! tgswguv! eqorgpucvkqp! hqt! cp{! equv! itgcvgt! vjcp!

7

vjg! cevwcn! equv! hqt! Hgfgtcn! kookitcvkqp! cpf! qvjgt!

8

fgvckpggu! jqwugf! kp! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! fgvgpvkqp! hceknk.

9

vkgu=!

;

)4*! %9-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{! %3-611-111*! hqt!

21

eqorgvkvkxg! itcpvu! vq! kortqxg! vjg! hwpevkqpkpi! qh! vjg!

22

etkokpcn! lwuvkeg! u{uvgo-! vq! rtgxgpv! qt! eqodcv! lwxg.

23

pkng! fgnkpswgpe{-! cpf! vq! cuukuv! xkevkou! qh! etkog!

24

)qvjgt!vjcp!eqorgpucvkqp*=!

25

)5*! %56-476-111! hqt! xkevko! ugtxkegu! rtqitcou!

26

hqt! xkevkou! qh! vtchhkemkpi-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp!

27

218)d*)3*! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 217497-! cpf! hqt! rtqitcou!

28

cwvjqtk|gf! wpfgt! Rwdnke! Ncy! 21;275=!

29

)6*! %52-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %4-111-111*! hqt!

2;

Ftwi! Eqwtvu-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp!

31

2112)c*)36*)C*! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79! Cev=!

32

)7*! %;-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %3-111-111*! )kp.

33

etgcugf! d{! %3-111-111*! hqt! ogpvcn! jgcnvj! eqwtvu! cpf!

34

cfwnv! cpf! lwxgpkng! eqnncdqtcvkqp! rtqitco! itcpvu-! cu!

35

cwvjqtk|gf! d{! rctvu! X! cpf! JJ! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79!

36

Cev-! cpf! vjg! Ogpvcnn{! Knn! Qhhgpfgt! Vtgcvogpv! cpf!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
758 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11157 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 314 of 421

58!

2

Etkog! Tgfwevkqp! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp! cpf! Kortqxgogpv!

3

Cev! qh! 3119! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 221527*=!

4

)8*! %23-111-111! hqt! itcpvu! hqt! Tgukfgpvkcn! Uwd.

5

uvcpeg! Cdwug! Vtgcvogpv! hqt! Uvcvg! Rtkuqpgtu-! cu! cw.

6

vjqtk|gf! d{! rctv! U! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79! Cev=!

7

)9*! %3-111-111! hqt! vjg! Ecrkvcn! Nkvkicvkqp! Ko.

8

rtqxgogpv! Itcpv! Rtqitco-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp!

9

537! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 219516-! cpf! hqt! itcpvu! hqt!

;

ytqpihwn! eqpxkevkqp! tgxkgy=!

21

);*! %21-111-111! hqt! geqpqoke-! jkij! vgejpqnqi{!

22

cpf! Kpvgtpgv! etkog! rtgxgpvkqp! itcpvu-! kpenwfkpi! cu!

23

cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 512! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 221514=!

24

)21*! %32-111-111! hqt! ugz! qhhgpfgt! ocpcigogpv!

25

cuukuvcpeg-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! vjg! Cfco! Ycnuj! Cev-!

26

cpf! tgncvgf!cevkxkvkgu-!qh!yjkej! %2-111-111! ku!hqt!vjg!

27

Pcvkqpcn! Ugz! Qhhgpfgt! Rwdnke! Ygdukvg=!

28

)22*! %33-361-111! hqt! vjg! ocvejkpi! itcpv! rtq.

29

itco! hqt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! ctoqt! xguvu-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf!

2;

d{! ugevkqp! 3612! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79! Cev=!

31

)23*! %69-611-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %2;-611-111*!

32

hqt! itcpvu! vq! Uvcvgu! vq! writcfg! etkokpcn! cpf! ogpvcn!

33

jgcnvj! tgeqtfu! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvcpv! Etkokpcn!

34

Dcemitqwpf! Ejgem! U{uvgo-! kpenwfkpi! cu! cwvjqtk|gf!

35

d{! vjg! PKEU! Kortqxgogpv! Cogpfogpvu! Cev! qh! 3118!

36

)Rwdnke! Ncy! 221291*=!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
759 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11158 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 315 of 421

59!

2

)24*! %236-111-111! hqt! FPC.tgncvgf! cpf! hqtgp.

3

uke! rtqitcou! cpf! cevkxkvkgu-! qh! yjkej•!

4

)C*! %228-111-111! ku! hqt! c! FPC! cpcn{uku!

5

cpf! ecrcekv{! gpjcpegogpv! rtqitco! cpf! hqt!

6

qvjgt! nqecn-! Uvcvg-! cpf! Hgfgtcn! hqtgpuke! cevkxk.

7

vkgu-! kpenwfkpi! vjg! rwtrqugu! cwvjqtk|gf! wpfgt!

8

ugevkqp! 3! qh! vjg! FPC! Cpcn{uku! Dcemnqi! Gnkok.

9

pcvkqp! Cev! qh! 3111! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 217657*! )vjg!

;

Fgddkg! Uokvj! FPC! Dcemnqi! Itcpv! Rtqitco*<!

21

Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! wr! vq! 5! rgtegpv! qh! hwpfu! ocfg!

22

cxckncdng! wpfgt! vjku! rctcitcrj! oc{! dg! wugf! hqt!

23

vjg! rwtrqugu! fguetkdgf! kp! vjg! FPC! Vtckpkpi!

24

cpf! Gfwecvkqp! hqt! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv-! Eqttge.

25

vkqpcn! Rgtuqppgn-! cpf! Eqwtv! Qhhkegtu! rtqitco!

26

)Rwdnke! Ncy! 219516-! ugevkqp! 414*=!

27

)D*! %5-111-111! ku! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! fg.

28

uetkdgf! kp! vjg! Mktm! Dnqqfuyqtvj! Rquv.Eqpxke.

29

vkqp! FPC! Vguvkpi! Rtqitco! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 219!

2;

516-! ugevkqp! 523*=! cpf!

31

)E*! %5-111-111! ku! hqt! Ugzwcn! Cuucwnv! Hq.

32

tgpuke! Gzco! Rtqitco! itcpvu-! kpenwfkpi! cu! cw.

33

vjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 415! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 219516=!

34

)25*! %47-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %6-111-111*! hqt!

35

itcpvu! vq! cfftguu! dcemnqiu! qh! ugzwcn! cuucwnv! mkvu! cv!

36

ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu=!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
760 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11159 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 316 of 421

5;!

2

)26*! %7-111-111! hqt! vjg! eqwtv.crrqkpvgf! urgekcn!

3

cfxqecvg! rtqitco-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 328! qh!

4

vjg!2;;1!Cev=!

5

)27*! %46-111-111! hqt! cuukuvcpeg! vq! Kpfkcp!

6

vtkdgu=!

7

)28*! %73-611-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %4-111-111*! hqt!

8

qhhgpfgt! tggpvt{! rtqitcou! cpf! tgugctej-! cu! cwvjqt.

9

k|gf!d{! vjg! Ugeqpf! Ejcpeg!Cev! qh!3118!)Rwdnke! Ncy!

;

2212;;*-! ykvjqwv! tgictf! vq! vjg! vkog! nkokvcvkqpu!

21

urgekhkgf! cv! ugevkqp! 7)2*! qh! uwej! Cev=!

22

)29*! %6-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %3-111-111*! )kp.

23

etgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{! %7-111-111*!

24

)kpetgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*! hqt! c! xgvgtcpu! vtgcvogpv!

25

eqwtvu!rtqitco=!

26

)2;*! %2-111-111! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! fguetkdgf! kp!

27

vjg! Okuukpi! Cn|jgkogtu! Fkugcug! Rcvkgpv! Cngtv! Rtq.

28

itco! )ugevkqp! 351112! qh! vjg! 2;;5! Cev*=!

29

)31*! %9-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %9-111-111*! hqt!

2;

c! rtqitco! vq! oqpkvqt! rtguetkrvkqp! ftwiu! cpf! uejgf.

31

wngf! nkuvgf! ejgokecn! rtqfwevu=!

32

)32*! %26-111-111! hqt! rtkuqp! tcrg! rtgxgpvkqp!

33

cpf! rtqugewvkqp! itcpvu! vq! Uvcvgu! cpf! wpkvu! qh! nqecn!

34

iqxgtpogpv-! cpf! qvjgt! rtqitcou-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{!

35

vjg! Rtkuqp! Tcrg! Gnkokpcvkqp! Cev! qh! 3114! )Rwdnke!

36

Ncy!2198;*=!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
761 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1115; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 317 of 421

61!

2

)33*! %3-111-111! vq! qrgtcvg! c! Pcvkqpcn! Egpvgt!

3

hqt! Ecorwu! Rwdnke! Uchgv{=!

4

)34*! %41-111-111! hqt! c! lwuvkeg! tgkpxguvogpv! kpk.

5

vkcvkxg-! hqt! cevkxkvkgu! tgncvgf! vq! etkokpcn! lwuvkeg! tg.

6

hqto! cpf! tgekfkxkuo! tgfwevkqp-! qh! yjkej! pqv! nguu!

7

vjcp! %2-111-111! ku! hqt! c! vcum! hqteg! qp! Hgfgtcn! eqt.

8

tgevkqpu=!

9

)35*! %86-111-111! hqt! vjg! Eqortgjgpukxg! Uejqqn!

;

Uchgv{! Kpkvkcvkxg-! fguetkdgf! kp! vjg! tgrqtv! ceeqo.

21

rcp{kpi! vjku! Cev<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! ugevkqp! 324! qh! vjku!

22

Cev! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! coqwpv! ocfg!

23

cxckncdng! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj=! cpf!

24

)36*! %31-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %2-111-111*! hqt!

25

gzkuvkpi! gxkfgpeg.dcugf! etkokpcn! lwuvkeg! rtqitcou! cu!

26

fguetkdgf! kp! vjg! tgrqtv! ceeqorcp{kpi! vjku! Cev<!

27 Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv-! kh! c! wpkv! qh! nqecn! iqxgtpogpv! wugu! cp{! qh!

28 vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! wpfgt! vjku! jgcfkpi! vq! kpetgcug!

29 vjg! pwodgt! qh! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu-! vjg! wpkv! qh! nqecn!

2; iqxgtpogpv! yknn! cejkgxg! c! pgv! ickp! kp! vjg! pwodgt! qh! ncy!

31 gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu!yjq!rgthqto!pqp.cfokpkuvtcvkxg!rwd.

32 nke!ugevqt!uchgv{!ugtxkeg/!

33

!

34

Hqt! itcpvu-! eqpvtcevu-! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpvu-! cpf!

35 qvjgt! cuukuvcpeg! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! vjg! Lwxgpkng! Lwuvkeg! cpf!

36 Fgnkpswgpe{!Rtgxgpvkqp!Cev!qh!2;85!)vjg!2;85!Cev*=!vjg!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
762 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11161 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 318 of 421

62!

2 Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh! 2;79!

3 )vjg! 2;79! Cev*=! vjg! Xkqngpeg! Cickpuv! Yqogp! cpf! Fg.

4 rctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp! Cev! qh! 3116! )Rwdnke!

5 Ncy! 21;273*! )vjg! 3116! Cev*=! vjg! Okuukpi! Ejknftgpu!

6 Cuukuvcpeg!Cev!)53!W/U/E/!6882!gv!ugs/*=!vjg!Rtqugewvqtkcn!

7 Tgogfkgu!cpf!Qvjgt!Vqqnu!vq!gpf!vjg!Gzrnqkvcvkqp!qh!Ejkn.

8 ftgp!Vqfc{!Cev!qh!3114!)Rwdnke!Ncy!21932*=!vjg!Xkevkou!

9 qh! Ejknf! Cdwug! Cev! qh! 2;;1! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 212758*! )vjg!

; 2;;1!Cev*=!vjg!Cfco!Ycnuj!Ejknf!Rtqvgevkqp!cpf!Uchgv{!

21 Cev! qh! 3117! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 21;359*! )vjg! Cfco! Ycnuj!

22 Cev*=! vjg! RTQVGEV! Qwt! Ejknftgp! Cev! qh! 3119! )Rwdnke!

23 Ncy!221512*=!vjg!Xkqngpeg!Cickpuv!Yqogp!Tgcwvjqtk|c.

24 vkqp! Cev! qh! 3124! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 2245*! )vjg! 3124! Cev*=!

25 cpf! qvjgt! lwxgpkng!lwuvkeg! rtqitcou-! %334-611-111-! vq! tg.

26 ockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf!cu!hqnnqyu•!

27

)2*! %56-111-111! hqt! rtqitcou! cwvjqtk|gf! d{!

28

ugevkqp! 332! qh! vjg! 2;85! Cev=!

29

)3*! %;1-111-111! hqt! {qwvj! ogpvqtkpi! itcpvu=!

2;

)4*! %2;-111-111! hqt! rtqitcou! cwvjqtk|gf! d{!

31

vjg! Xkevkou! qh! Ejknf! Cdwug! Cev! qh! 2;;1=!

32

)5*! %79-111-111! hqt! okuukpi! cpf! gzrnqkvgf! ejkn.

33

ftgp! rtqitcou-! kpenwfkpi! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu!

34

515)d*!cpf!516)c*! qh! vjg! 2;85! Cev! )gzegrv! vjcv! uge.

35

vkqp! 213)d*)5*)D*! qh! vjg! RTQVGEV! Qwt! Ejknftgp!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 319 of 421

63!

2

Cev! qh! 3119! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 221512*! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{!

3

hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! Cev*=! cpf!

4

)6*! %2-611-111! hqt! ejknf! cdwug! vtckpkpi! rtq.

5

itcou! hqt! lwfkekcn! rgtuqppgn! cpf! rtcevkvkqpgtu-! cu!

6

cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 333! qh! vjg! 2;;1! Cev<!

7 Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!21!rgtegpv!qh!gcej!coqwpv!

8 oc{!dg!wugf!hqt!tgugctej-!gxcnwcvkqp-!cpf!uvcvkuvkeu!cevkxk.

9 vkgu!fgukipgf!vq!dgpghkv!vjg!rtqitcou!qt!cevkxkvkgu!cwvjqt.

; k|gf<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 3! rgtegpv! qh!

21 vjg!coqwpvu!fgukipcvgf!wpfgt!rctcitcrju!)2*!vjtqwij!)4*!

22 cpf!)6*!oc{!dg!wugf!hqt!vtckpkpi!cpf!vgejpkecn!cuukuvcpeg<!

23 Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!vjg!vyq!rtgegfkpi!rtqxkuqu!ujcnn!pqv!

24 crrn{! vq! itcpvu! cpf! rtqlgevu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu! 372!

25 cpf! 373! qh! vjg! 2;85! Cev! cpf! vq! okuukpi! cpf! gzrnqkvgf!

26 ejknftgp!rtqitcou/!

27

!

28

Hqt! rc{ogpvu! cpf! gzrgpugu! cwvjqtk|gf! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

29 2112)c*)5*! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf!

2; Uchg!Uvtggvu!Cev!qh!2;79-!uwej!uwou!cu!ctg!pgeguuct{!)kp.

31 enwfkpi!coqwpvu!hqt!cfokpkuvtcvkxg!equvu*-!vq!tgockp!cxckn.

32 cdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf=! cpf! %27-411-111! hqt! rc{ogpvu! cw.

33 vjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 2312)d*! qh! uwej! Cev! cpf! hqt! gfw.

34 ecvkqpcn!cuukuvcpeg!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!ugevkqp!2329!qh!uwej!Cev-!

35 vq! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pqv.

36 ykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 316! qh! vjku! Cev-! wrqp! c! fgvgtokpc.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 320 of 421

64!

2 vkqp!d{!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!vjcv!gogtigpv!ektewouvcpegu!

3 tgswktg! cffkvkqpcn! hwpfkpi! hqt! uwej! fkucdknkv{! cpf! gfw.

4 ecvkqp!rc{ogpvu-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!oc{!vtcpuhgt!uwej!

5 coqwpvu! vq! Rwdnke! Uchgv{! Qhhkegt! Dgpghkvu! htqo! cxckn.

6 cdng!crrtqrtkcvkqpu!hqt!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!cu!oc{!

7 dg! pgeguuct{! vq! tgurqpf! vq! uwej! ektewouvcpegu<! Rtqxkfgf!

8 hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!cp{!vtcpuhgt!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjg!rtgegfkpi!rtq.

9 xkuq! ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

; 616! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! pqv! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp!

21 qt! gzrgpfkvwtg! gzegrv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! rtqegfwtgu!

22 ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp/!

23

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24

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25

Hqt! cevkxkvkgu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! vjg! Xkqngpv! Etkog! Eqp.

26 vtqn!cpf!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Cev!qh!2;;5!)Rwdnke!Ncy!214!

27 433*=! vjg! Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev!

28 qh! 2;79! )vjg! 2;79! Cev*=! cpf! vjg! Xkqngpeg! Cickpuv!

29 Yqogp! cpf! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp! Cev!

2; qh! 3116! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 21;273*! )vjg! 3116! Cev*-!

31 %;7-611-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %221-111-111*! )kpetgcugf! d{!

32 %4-111-111*-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf<!Rtqxkfgf-!

33 Vjcv! cp{! dcncpegu! ocfg! cxckncdng! vjtqwij! rtkqt! {gct!

34 fgqdnkicvkqpu! ujcnn! qpn{! dg! cxckncdng! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj!

35 ugevkqp! 616! qh! vjku! Cev<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! qh! vjg!

36 coqwpv!rtqxkfgf!wpfgt!vjku!jgcfkpi•!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 321 of 421

65!

2

)2*! %21-111-111! ku! hqt! cpvk.ogvjcorjgvcokpg.!

3

tgncvgf! cevkxkvkgu-! yjkej! ujcnn! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! vq! vjg!

4

Ftwi! Gphqtegogpv! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! wrqp! gpcevogpv!

5

qh! vjku! Cev=!

6

)3*! %27-611-111! ku! hqt! kortqxkpi! vtkdcn! ncy! gp.

7

hqtegogpv-! kpenwfkpi! jktkpi-! gswkrogpv-! vtckpkpi-! cpf!

8

cpvk.ogvjcorjgvcokpg! cevkxkvkgu=! cpf!

9

)4*! %81-111-111! )kpetgcugf! d{! %221-111-111*! ku!

;

hqt! itcpvu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 2812! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! 2;79!

21

Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 48;7ff*! hqt! vjg! jktkpi! cpf! tgjktkpi!

22

qh! cffkvkqpcn! ectggt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! wpfgt!

23

rctv! S! qh! uwej! vkvng! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! uwdugevkqp! )k*! qh!

24

uwej! ugevkqp<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv-! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! uge.

25

vkqp! 2815)e*! qh! uwej! vkvng! )53! W/U/E/! 48;7ff4)e**-!

26

hwpfkpi! hqt! jktkpi! qt! tgjktkpi! c! ectggt! ncy! gphqteg.

27

ogpv! qhhkegt! oc{! pqv! gzeggf! %236-111! wpnguu! vjg! Fk.

28

tgevqt! qh! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Eqoowpkv{! Qtkgpvgf! Rqnkekpi!

29

Ugtxkegu! itcpvu! c! yckxgt! htqo! vjku! nkokvcvkqp<! Rtq.

2;

xkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! ykvjkp! vjg! coqwpvu! crrtqrtkcvgf!

31

wpfgt! vjku! rctcitcrj-! %27-611-111! ujcnn! dg! vtcpu.

32

hgttgf! vq! vjg! Vtkdcn! Tguqwtegu! Itcpv! Rtqitco<! Rtq.

33

xkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! ykvjkp! vjg! coqwpvu! crrtqrtkcvgf!

34

wpfgt! vjku! rctcitcrj-! %21-111-111! ku! hqt! tgikqpcn!

35

cpvk.icpi!vcum!hqtegu/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
766 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11165 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 322 of 421

66!

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4 cxckncdng!kp!vjku!vkvng!hqt!qhhkekcn!tgegrvkqp!cpf!tgrtgugpvc.

5 vkqp!gzrgpugu-!c!vqvcn!qh!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%61-111!htqo!hwpfu!

6 crrtqrtkcvgf! vq! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! kp! vjku! vkvng!

7 ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! vq! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! hqt! qhhkekcn! tg.

8 egrvkqp!cpf!tgrtgugpvcvkqp!gzrgpugu/!

9

U /! 313/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! d{! vjku!

; vkvng!ujcnn!dg!cxckncdng!vq!rc{!hqt!cp!cdqtvkqp-!gzegrv!yjgtg!

21 vjg! nkhg! qh! vjg! oqvjgt! yqwnf! dg! gpfcpigtgf! kh! vjg! hgvwu!

22 ygtg! ecttkgf! vq! vgto-! qt! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! tcrg<! Rtqxkfgf-!

23 Vjcv! ujqwnf! vjku! rtqjkdkvkqp! dg! fgenctgf! wpeqpuvkvwvkqpcn!

24 d{! c! eqwtv! qh! eqorgvgpv! lwtkufkevkqp-! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg!

25 pwnn!cpf!xqkf/!

26

U /!314/!Pqpg!qh!vjg!hwpfu!crrtqrtkcvgf!wpfgt!vjku!

27 vkvng! ujcnn! dg! wugf! vq! tgswktg! cp{! rgtuqp! vq! rgthqto-! qt!

28 hceknkvcvg!kp!cp{!yc{!vjg!rgthqtocpeg!qh-!cp{!cdqtvkqp/!

29

U /! 315/! Pqvjkpi! kp! vjg! rtgegfkpi! ugevkqp! ujcnn! tg.

2; oqxg!vjg!qdnkicvkqp!qh!vjg!Fktgevqt!qh!vjg!Dwtgcw!qh!Rtku.

31 qpu! vq! rtqxkfg! gueqtv! ugtxkegu! pgeguuct{! hqt! c! hgocng! kp.

32 ocvg! vq! tgegkxg! uwej! ugtxkeg! qwvukfg! vjg! Hgfgtcn! hceknkv{<!

33 Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! kp! cp{! yc{! fkokp.

34 kujgu!vjg!ghhgev!qh!ugevkqp!314!kpvgpfgf!vq!cfftguu!vjg!rjkn.

35 quqrjkecn!dgnkghu! qh!kpfkxkfwcn! gornq{ggu!qh! vjg! Dwtgcw! qh!

36 Rtkuqpu/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 323 of 421

67!

2

U /!316/!Pqv!vq!gzeggf!6!rgtegpv!qh!cp{!crrtqrtkc.

3 vkqp!ocfg!cxckncdng!hqt!vjg!ewttgpv!hkuecn!{gct!hqt!vjg!Fg.

4 rctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! kp! vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! dg.

5 vyggp!uwej!crrtqrtkcvkqpu-!dwv!pq!uwej!crrtqrtkcvkqp-!gz.

6 egrv! cu! qvjgtykug! urgekhkecnn{! rtqxkfgf-! ujcnn! dg! kpetgcugf!

7 d{!oqtg!vjcp!21!rgtegpv!d{!cp{!uwej!vtcpuhgtu<!Rtqxkfgf-!

8 Vjcv!cp{!vtcpuhgt!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!dg!vtgcvgf!

9 cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! qh! hwpfu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 616! qh! vjku!

; Cev!cpf!ujcnn!pqv!dg!cxckncdng!hqt!qdnkicvkqp!gzegrv!kp!eqo.

21 rnkcpeg!ykvj!vjg!rtqegfwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp/!

22

U /! 317/!Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! gz.

23 vgpf!vjtqwij!Ugrvgodgt!41-!3126-!vjg!Rgtuqppgn!Ocpcig.

24 ogpv! Fgoqpuvtcvkqp! Rtqlgev! vtcpuhgttgf! vq! vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

25 Igpgtcn! rwtuwcpv!vq!ugevkqp! 2226!qh! vjg!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

26 tkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 2183;7=! 39! W/U/E/! 6;;D*!

27 ykvjqwv!nkokvcvkqp!qp!vjg!pwodgt!qh!gornq{ggu!qt!vjg!rquk.

28 vkqpu!eqxgtgf/!

29

U /! 318/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! wpfgt!

2; vjku! vkvng! oc{! dg! wugf! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Dwtgcw! qh! Rtkuqpu!

31 qt! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Octujcnu! Ugtxkeg! hqt! vjg! rwtrqug! qh!

32 vtcpurqtvkpi! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! yjq! ku! c! rtkuqpgt! rwtuwcpv! vq!

33 eqpxkevkqp! hqt! etkog! wpfgt! Uvcvg! qt! Hgfgtcn! ncy! cpf! ku!

34 encuukhkgf! cu! c! oczkowo! qt! jkij! ugewtkv{! rtkuqpgt-! qvjgt!

35 vjcp! vq! c! rtkuqp! qt! qvjgt! hceknkv{! egtvkhkgf! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 324 of 421

68!

2 Dwtgcw! qh! Rtkuqpu! cu! crrtqrtkcvgn{! ugewtg! hqt! jqwukpi!

3 uwej!c!rtkuqpgt/!

4

U /!319/!)c*!Pqpg!qh!vjg!hwpfu!crrtqrtkcvgf!d{!vjku!

5 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!d{!Hgfgtcn!rtkuqpu!vq!rwtejcug!ecdng!vgng.

6 xkukqp!ugtxkegu-!qt!vq!tgpv!qt!rwtejcug!cwfkqxkuwcn!qt!gnge.

7 vtqpke!ogfkc!qt!gswkrogpv!wugf!rtkoctkn{!hqt!tgetgcvkqpcn!

8 rwtrqugu/!

9

)d*!Uwdugevkqp!)c*!fqgu!pqv!rtgenwfg!vjg!tgpvcn-!ockp.

; vgpcpeg-!qt!rwtejcug!qh!cwfkqxkuwcn!qt!gngevtqpke!ogfkc!qt!

21 gswkrogpv! hqt! kpocvg! vtckpkpi-! tgnkikqwu-! qt! gfwecvkqpcn!

22 rtqitcou/!

23

U /! 31;/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! wpfgt!

24 vjku! vkvng! ujcnn! dg! qdnkicvgf! qt! gzrgpfgf! hqt! cp{! pgy! qt!

25 gpjcpegf!kphqtocvkqp!vgejpqnqi{!rtqitco!jcxkpi!vqvcn!gu.

26 vkocvgf!fgxgnqrogpv!equvu!kp!gzeguu!qh!%211-111-111-!wp.

27 nguu! vjg! Fgrwv{! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! cpf! vjg! kpxguvogpv! tg.

28 xkgy! dqctf! egtvkh{! vq! vjg! Eqookvvggu! qp! Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!

29 qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! cpf! vjg! Ugpcvg! vjcv! vjg!

2; kphqtocvkqp!vgejpqnqi{!rtqitco!jcu!crrtqrtkcvg!rtqitco!

31 ocpcigogpv! eqpvtqnu! cpf! eqpvtcevqt! qxgtukijv! ogejc.

32 pkuou! kp! rnceg-! cpf! vjcv! vjg! rtqitco! ku! eqorcvkdng! ykvj!

33 vjg! gpvgtrtkug! ctejkvgevwtg! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg/!

34

U /!321/!Vjg!pqvkhkecvkqp!vjtgujqnfu!cpf!rtqegfwtgu!

35 ugv! hqtvj! kp! ugevkqp! 616! qh! vjku! Cev! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! fgxk.

36 cvkqpu! htqo! vjg! coqwpvu! fgukipcvgf! hqt! urgekhke! cevkxkvkgu!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 325 of 421

69!

2 kp! vjku! Cev! cpf! kp! vjg! tgrqtv! ceeqorcp{kpi! vjku! Cev-! cpf!

3 vq!cp{!wug!qh!fgqdnkicvgf!dcncpegu!qh!hwpfu!rtqxkfgf!wpfgt!

4 vjku!vkvng!kp!rtgxkqwu!{gctu/!

5

U /!322/!Pqpg!qh!vjg!hwpfu!crrtqrtkcvgf!d{!vjku!Cev!

6 oc{! dg! wugf! vq! rncp! hqt-! dgikp-! eqpvkpwg-! hkpkuj-! rtqeguu-!

7 qt! crrtqxg! c! rwdnke.rtkxcvg! eqorgvkvkqp! wpfgt! vjg! Qhhkeg!

8 qh! Ocpcigogpv! cpf! Dwfigv! Ektewnct! C87! qt! cp{! uwe.

9 eguuqt! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! tgiwncvkqp-! fktgevkxg-! qt! rqnke{! hqt!

; yqtm! rgthqtogf! d{! gornq{ggu! qh! vjg! Dwtgcw! qh! Rtkuqpu!

21 qt!qh!Hgfgtcn!Rtkuqp!Kpfwuvtkgu-!Kpeqtrqtcvgf/!

22

U /! 323/! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh!

23 ncy-! pq! hwpfu! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! vjg! ucnct{-! dgpghkvu-!

24 qt! gzrgpugu! qh! cp{! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Cvvqtpg{! cuukipgf! fwcn!

25 qt! cffkvkqpcn! tgurqpukdknkvkgu! d{! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt!

26 jku! fgukipgg! vjcv! gzgorv! vjcv! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Cvvqtpg{!

27 htqo!vjg!tgukfgpe{!tgswktgogpvu!qh!ugevkqp!656!qh!vkvng!39-!

28 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg/!

29

U /! 324/! Cv!vjg!fkuetgvkqp! qh!vjg!Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-!

2; cpf! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! cp{! coqwpvu! vjcv! qvjgtykug! oc{! dg!

31 cxckncdng!)qt!cwvjqtk|gf!vq!dg!ocfg!cxckncdng*!d{!ncy-!ykvj!

32 tgurgev!vq!hwpfu!crrtqrtkcvgf!d{!vjku!vkvng!wpfgt!vjg!jgcf.

33 kpiu! Tgugctej-! Gxcnwcvkqp! cpf! Uvcvkuvkeu-! Uvcvg! cpf!

34 Nqecn! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Cuukuvcpeg-! cpf! Lwxgpkng! Lwu.

35 vkeg!Rtqitcou!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
770 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11169 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 326 of 421

6;!

2

)2*! wr! vq! 4! rgtegpv! qh! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq!

3

vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Lwuvkeg! Rtqitcou! hqt! itcpv! qt! tgko.

4

dwtugogpv! rtqitcou! oc{! dg! wugf! d{! uwej! Qhhkeg! vq!

5

rtqxkfg! vtckpkpi! cpf! vgejpkecn! cuukuvcpeg=! cpf!

6

)3*! wr! vq! 3! rgtegpv! qh! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! hqt!

7

itcpv! qt! tgkodwtugogpv! rtqitcou! wpfgt! uwej! jgcf.

8

kpiu-! gzegrv! hqt! coqwpvu! crrtqrtkcvgf! urgekhkecnn{! hqt!

9

tgugctej-! gxcnwcvkqp-! qt! uvcvkuvkecn! rtqitcou! cfokpku.

;

vgtgf! d{! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh! Lwuvkeg! cpf! vjg!

21

Dwtgcw! qh! Lwuvkeg! Uvcvkuvkeu-! ujcnn! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! vq!

22

cpf! ogtigf! ykvj! hwpfu! rtqxkfgf! vq! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kp.

23

uvkvwvg! qh! Lwuvkeg! cpf! vjg! Dwtgcw! qh! Lwuvkeg! Uvcvku.

24

vkeu-! vq! dg! wugf! d{! vjgo! hqt! tgugctej-! gxcnwcvkqp-! qt!

25

uvcvkuvkecn! rwtrqugu-! ykvjqwv! tgictf! vq! vjg! cwvjqtk|c.

26

vkqpu! hqt! uwej! itcpv! qt! tgkodwtugogpv! rtqitcou/!

27

U /! 325/! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh!

28 ncy-!ugevkqp!3121;)c*!qh!uwdvkvng!C!qh!vkvng!KK!qh!vjg!Xkqngpv!

29 Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Cev! qh! 2;;5! )53!

2; W/U/E/! 2481;)c**! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! vq! coqwpvu! ocfg! cxckn.

31 cdng!d{!vjku!qt!cp{!qvjgt!Cev/!

32

U /! 326/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! wpfgt!

33 vjku!Cev-!qvjgt!vjcp!hqt!vjg!pcvkqpcn!kpuvcpv!etkokpcn!dcem.

34 itqwpf!ejgem!u{uvgo!guvcdnkujgf!wpfgt!ugevkqp!214!qh!vjg!

35 Dtcf{! Jcpfiwp! Xkqngpeg! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! )29! W/U/E/! ;33!

36 pqvg*-! oc{! dg! wugf! d{! c! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegt!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
771 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1116; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 327 of 421

71!

2 vq!hceknkvcvg!vjg!vtcpuhgt!qh!cp!qrgtcdng!hktgcto!vq!cp!kpfk.

3 xkfwcn!kh!vjg!Hgfgtcn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegt!mpqyu!qt!uwu.

4 rgevu!vjcv!vjg!kpfkxkfwcn!ku!cp!cigpv!qh!c!ftwi!ectvgn-!wp.

5 nguu! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! eqp.

6 vkpwqwun{!oqpkvqt!qt!eqpvtqn!vjg!hktgcto!cv!cnn!vkogu/!

7

U /!327/!)c*!Pqpg!qh!vjg!kpeqog!tgvckpgf!kp!vjg!Fg.

8 rctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! Yqtmkpi! Ecrkvcn! Hwpf! rwtuwcpv! vq!

9 vkvng! K! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 213251! )216! Uvcv/! 895=! 39! W/U/E/!

; 638! pqvg*! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp! fwtkpi! hkuecn!

21 {gct!3126/!

22

)d*!Pqv!vq!gzeggf!%41-111-111!qh!vjg!wpqdnkicvgf!dcn.

23 cpegu!vtcpuhgttgf!vq!vjg!ecrkvcn!ceeqwpv!qh!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!

24 qh! Lwuvkeg! Yqtmkpi! Ecrkvcn! Hwpf! rwtuwcpv! vq! vkvng! K! qh!

25 Rwdnke!Ncy!213251!)216!Uvcv/!895=!39!W/U/E/!638!pqvg*!

26 ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3126-! cpf!

27 cp{! wug-! qdnkicvkqp-! vtcpuhgt! qt! cnnqecvkqp! qh! uwej! hwpfu!

28 ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! qh! hwpfu! wpfgt! uge.

29 vkqp!616!qh!vjku!Cev/!

2;

)e*! Pqv! vq! gzeggf! %21-111-111! qh! vjg! gzeguu! wpqdnk.

31 icvgf! dcncpegu! cxckncdng! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 635)e*)9*)G*! qh!

32 vkvng!39-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!ujcnn!dg!cxckncdng!hqt!qdnkic.

33 vkqp! fwtkpi! hkuecn! {gct! 3126-! cpf! cp{! wug-! qdnkicvkqp-!

34 vtcpuhgt! qt! cnnqecvkqp! qh! uwej! hwpfu! ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c!

35 tgrtqitcookpi! qh! hwpfu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 616! qh! vjku! Cev/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
772 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11171 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 328 of 421

72!

2

)f*! Qh! coqwpvu! cxckncdng! kp! vjg! Cuugvu! Hqthgkvwtg!

3 Hwpf! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3126-! %265-811-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! rc{.

4 ogpvu!cuuqekcvgf!ykvj!lqkpv!ncy!gphqtegogpv!qrgtcvkqpu!cu!

5 cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 635)e*)2*)K*! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf!

6 Uvcvgu!Eqfg/!

7

)g*! Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! uwdokv! c! urgpfkpi!

8 rncp! vq! vjg! Eqookvvggu! qp! Crrtqrtkcvkqpu! qh! vjg! Jqwug!

9 qh!Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu!cpf!vjg!Ugpcvg!pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!41!fc{u!

; chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! fgvcknkpi! vjg!

21 rncppgf! fkuvtkdwvkqp! qh! Cuugvu! Hqthgkvwtg! Hwpf! lqkpv! ncy!

22 gphqtegogpv! qrgtcvkqpu! hwpfkpi! fwtkpi! hkuecn! {gct! 3126/!

23

Vjku!vkvng!oc{!dg!ekvgf!cu!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!

24 Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev-!3126/!

25

VKVNG! KKK!

26

UEKGPEG!

27

Q

U

V

R!

28

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Uekgpeg! cpf!

29 Vgejpqnqi{!Rqnke{-!kp!ectt{kpi!qwv!vjg!rwtrqugu!qh!vjg!Pc.

2; vkqpcn! Uekgpeg! cpf! Vgejpqnqi{! Rqnke{-! Qticpk|cvkqp-! cpf!

31 Rtkqtkvkgu! Cev! qh! 2;87! )53! W/U/E/! 7712! gv! ugs/*-! jktg! qh!

32 rcuugpigt! oqvqt! xgjkengu-! cpf! ugtxkegu! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{!

33 ugevkqp!421;!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!pqv!vq!gzeggf!

34 %3-361! hqt! qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp! cpf! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! gzrgpugu-!

35 cpf! tgpvcn! qh! eqphgtgpeg! tqqou! kp! vjg! Fkuvtkev! qh! Eqnwo.

36 dkc-!%6-666-111/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
773 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11172 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 329 of 421

73!

2P

C

UC

!

3

!

4

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! hqt-!

5 kp!vjg!eqpfwev!cpf!uwrrqtv!qh!uekgpeg!tgugctej!cpf!fgxgn.

6 qrogpv! cevkxkvkgu-! kpenwfkpi! tgugctej-! fgxgnqrogpv-! qrgt.

7 cvkqpu-!uwrrqtv-!cpf!ugtxkegu=!ockpvgpcpeg!cpf!tgrckt-!hc.

8 eknkv{!rncppkpi!cpf!fgukip=!urceg!hnkijv-!urcegetchv!eqpvtqn-!

9 cpf!eqoowpkecvkqpu!cevkxkvkgu=!rtqitco!ocpcigogpv=!rgt.

; uqppgn!cpf!tgncvgf!equvu-!kpenwfkpi!wpkhqtou!qt!cnnqycpegu!

21 vjgtghqt-!cu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!ugevkqpu!6;12!cpf!6;13!qh!vkvng!

22 6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!vtcxgn!gzrgpugu=!rwtejcug!cpf!jktg!

23 qh! rcuugpigt! oqvqt!xgjkengu=!cpf! rwtejcug-! ngcug-!ejctvgt-!

24 ockpvgpcpeg-!cpf!qrgtcvkqp!qh!okuukqp!cpf!cfokpkuvtcvkxg!

25 cktetchv-! %6-2;4-111-111-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugr.

26 vgodgt!41-!3127<! Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!vjg!hqtowncvkqp!cpf!fg.

27 xgnqrogpv! equvu! )ykvj! fgxgnqrogpv! equv! cu! fghkpgf! wpfgt!

28 ugevkqp! 41215! qh! vkvng! 62-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*! hqt! vjg!

29 Lcogu! Ygdd! Urceg! Vgngueqrg! ujcnn! pqv! gzeggf!

2; %9-111-111-111<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! ujqwnf! vjg! kpfk.

31 xkfwcn! kfgpvkhkgf! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )e*)3*)G*! qh! ugevkqp!

32 41215! qh! vkvng! 62-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cu! tgurqpukdng! hqt!

33 vjg! Lcogu! Ygdd! Urceg! Vgngueqrg! fgvgtokpg! vjcv! vjg! fg.

34 xgnqrogpv!equv!qh!vjg!rtqitco!ku!nkmgn{!vq!gzeggf!vjcv!nkok.

35 vcvkqp-!vjg!kpfkxkfwcn!ujcnn!koogfkcvgn{!pqvkh{!vjg!Cfokp.

36 kuvtcvqt! cpf! vjg! kpetgcug! ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! kh! kv! oggvu!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
774 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11173 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 330 of 421

74!

2 vjg!41!rgtegpv!vjtgujqnf!fguetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)h*!qh!uge.

3 vkqp!41215<!Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!%211-111-111!ujcnn!dg!

4 hqt!rtg.hqtowncvkqp!cpf0qt!hqtowncvkqp!cevkxkvkgu!hqt!c!oku.

5 ukqp! vjcv! oggvu! vjg! uekgpeg! iqcnu! qwvnkpgf! hqt! vjg! Lwrkvgt!

6 Gwtqrc! okuukqp! kp! vjg! oquv! tgegpv! rncpgvct{! uekgpeg!

7 fgecfcn!uwtxg{/!

8

!

9

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! hqt-!

; kp! vjg! eqpfwev! cpf! uwrrqtv! qh! cgtqpcwvkeu! tgugctej! cpf!

21 fgxgnqrogpv! cevkxkvkgu-! kpenwfkpi! tgugctej-! fgxgnqrogpv-!

22 qrgtcvkqpu-!uwrrqtv-!cpf!ugtxkegu=!ockpvgpcpeg!cpf!tgrckt-!

23 hceknkv{! rncppkpi! cpf! fgukip=! urceg! hnkijv-! urcegetchv! eqp.

24 vtqn-! cpf! eqoowpkecvkqpu! cevkxkvkgu=! rtqitco! ocpcig.

25 ogpv=! rgtuqppgn! cpf! tgncvgf! equvu-! kpenwfkpi! wpkhqtou! qt!

26 cnnqycpegu! vjgtghqt-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu! 6;12! cpf!

27 6;13!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!vtcxgn!gzrgpugu=!rwt.

28 ejcug!cpf!jktg!qh!rcuugpigt!oqvqt!xgjkengu=!cpf!rwtejcug-!

29 ngcug-!ejctvgt-!ockpvgpcpeg-!cpf!qrgtcvkqp!qh!okuukqp!cpf!

2; cfokpkuvtcvkxg!cktetchv-!%777-111-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!

31 wpvkn!Ugrvgodgt!41-!3127/!

32

!

33

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! hqt-!

34 kp! vjg! eqpfwev! cpf! uwrrqtv! qh! urceg! tgugctej! cpf! vgej.

35 pqnqi{!fgxgnqrogpv!cevkxkvkgu-!kpenwfkpi!tgugctej-!fgxgnqr.

36 ogpv-! qrgtcvkqpu-! uwrrqtv-! cpf! ugtxkegu=! ockpvgpcpeg! cpf!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
775 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11174 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 331 of 421

75!

2 tgrckt-! hceknkv{! rncppkpi! cpf! fgukip=! urceg! hnkijv-! urceg.

3 etchv! eqpvtqn-! cpf! eqoowpkecvkqpu! cevkxkvkgu=! rtqitco!

4 ocpcigogpv=! rgtuqppgn! cpf! tgncvgf! equvu-! kpenwfkpi! wpk.

5 hqtou! qt! cnnqycpegu! vjgtghqt-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu!

6 6;12! cpf! 6;13! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg=! vtcxgn! gz.

7 rgpugu=!rwtejcug!cpf!jktg!qh!rcuugpigt!oqvqt!xgjkengu=!cpf!

8 rwtejcug-! ngcug-! ejctvgt-! ockpvgpcpeg-! cpf! qrgtcvkqp! qh!

9 okuukqp! cpf! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! cktetchv-! %731-111-111! )kp.

; etgcugf! d{! %8-111-111*-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugr.

21 vgodgt!41-!3127/!

22

!

23

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! hqt-!

24 kp! vjg! eqpfwev! cpf! uwrrqtv! qh! gzrnqtcvkqp! tgugctej! cpf!

25 fgxgnqrogpv! cevkxkvkgu-! kpenwfkpi! tgugctej-! fgxgnqrogpv-!

26 qrgtcvkqpu-!uwrrqtv-!cpf!ugtxkegu=!ockpvgpcpeg!cpf!tgrckt-!

27 hceknkv{! rncppkpi! cpf! fgukip=! urceg! hnkijv-! urcegetchv! eqp.

28 vtqn-! cpf! eqoowpkecvkqpu! cevkxkvkgu=! rtqitco! ocpcig.

29 ogpv=! rgtuqppgn! cpf! tgncvgf! equvu-! kpenwfkpi! wpkhqtou! qt!

2; cnnqycpegu! vjgtghqt-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu! 6;12! cpf!

31 6;13!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!vtcxgn!gzrgpugu=!rwt.

32 ejcug!cpf!jktg!qh!rcuugpigt!oqvqt!xgjkengu=!cpf!rwtejcug-!

33 ngcug-!ejctvgt-!ockpvgpcpeg-!cpf!qrgtcvkqp!qh!okuukqp!cpf!

34 cfokpkuvtcvkxg! cktetchv-! %5-278-111-111-! vq! tgockp! cxckn.

35 cdng! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3127<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pqv! nguu!

36 vjcp!%2-251-111-111!ujcnn!dg!hqt!vjg!Qtkqp!Ownvk.Rwtrqug!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
776 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11175 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 332 of 421

76!

2 Etgy! Xgjkeng<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! pqv! nguu! vjcp!

3 %2-;26-111-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! vjg! Urceg! Ncwpej! U{uvgo-!

4 yjkej!ujcnn!jcxg!c!nkhv!ecrcdknkv{!pqv!nguu!vjcp!241!ogvtke!

5 vqpu! cpf! yjkej! ujcnn! jcxg! cp! wrrgt! uvcig! cpf! qvjgt! eqtg!

6 gngogpvu!fgxgnqrgf!ukownvcpgqwun{<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!

7 qh!vjg!hwpfu!ocfg!cxckncdng!hqt!vjg!Urceg!Ncwpej!U{uvgo-!

8 %2-711-111-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! ncwpej! xgjkeng! fgxgnqrogpv!

9 cpf! %426-111-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! gzrnqtcvkqp! itqwpf! u{u.

; vgou/!

21

!

22

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! hqt-!

23 kp! vjg! eqpfwev! cpf! uwrrqtv! qh! urceg! qrgtcvkqpu! tgugctej!

24 cpf! fgxgnqrogpv! cevkxkvkgu-! kpenwfkpi! tgugctej-! fgxgnqr.

25 ogpv-! qrgtcvkqpu-! uwrrqtv-! cpf! ugtxkegu=! ockpvgpcpeg! cpf!

26 tgrckt-! hceknkv{! rncppkpi! cpf! fgukip=! urceg! hnkijv-! urceg.

27 etchv!eqpvtqn-!cpf!eqoowpkecvkqpu!cevkxkvkgu-!kpenwfkpi!qr.

28 gtcvkqpu-! rtqfwevkqp-! cpf! ugtxkegu=! rtqitco! ocpcigogpv=!

29 rgtuqppgn! cpf! tgncvgf! equvu-! kpenwfkpi! wpkhqtou! qt! cnnqy.

2; cpegu! vjgtghqt-! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu! 6;12! cpf! 6;13!

31 qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg=! vtcxgn! gzrgpugu=! rwtejcug!

32 cpf!jktg!qh!rcuugpigt!oqvqt!xgjkengu=!cpf!rwtejcug-!ngcug-!

33 ejctvgt-! ockpvgpcpeg-! cpf! qrgtcvkqp! qh! okuukqp! cpf! cf.

34 okpkuvtcvkxg! cktetchv-! %4-996-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{!

35 %8-111-111*-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-!

36 3127/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
777 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11176 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 333 of 421

77!

2

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3

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! hqt-!

4 kp!vjg!eqpfwev!cpf!uwrrqtv!qh!cgtqurceg!cpf!cgtqpcwvkecn!

5 gfwecvkqp! tgugctej! cpf! fgxgnqrogpv! cevkxkvkgu-! kpenwfkpi!

6 tgugctej-! fgxgnqrogpv-! qrgtcvkqpu-! uwrrqtv-! cpf! ugtxkegu=!

7 rtqitco!ocpcigogpv=!rgtuqppgn!cpf!tgncvgf!equvu-!kpenwf.

8 kpi!wpkhqtou!qt!cnnqycpegu!vjgtghqt-!cu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!uge.

9 vkqpu!6;12!cpf!6;13!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!vtcxgn!

; gzrgpugu=! rwtejcug! cpf! jktg! qh! rcuugpigt! oqvqt! xgjkengu=!

21 cpf! rwtejcug-! ngcug-! ejctvgt-! ockpvgpcpeg-! cpf! qrgtcvkqp!

22 qh! okuukqp! cpf! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! cktetchv-! %217-111-111-! vq!

23 tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3127-! qh! yjkej!

24 %;-111-111! ujcnn! dg! hqt! vjg! Gzrgtkogpvcn! Rtqitco! vq!

25 Uvkowncvg!Eqorgvkvkxg!Tgugctej!cpf!%41-111-111!ujcnn!dg!

26 hqt!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Urceg!Itcpv!Eqnngig!rtqitco/!

27

-!

!

28

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu-! pqv! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! hqt-!

29 kp! vjg! eqpfwev! cpf! uwrrqtv! qh! uekgpeg-! cgtqpcwvkeu-! urceg!

2; vgejpqnqi{-! gzrnqtcvkqp-! urceg! qrgtcvkqpu! cpf! gfwecvkqp!

31 tgugctej! cpf! fgxgnqrogpv! cevkxkvkgu-! kpenwfkpi! tgugctej-!

32 fgxgnqrogpv-! qrgtcvkqpu-! uwrrqtv-! cpf! ugtxkegu=! ockpvg.

33 pcpeg! cpf! tgrckt-! hceknkv{! rncppkpi! cpf! fgukip=! urceg!

34 hnkijv-! urcegetchv! eqpvtqn-! cpf! eqoowpkecvkqpu! cevkxkvkgu=!

35 rtqitco!ocpcigogpv=!rgtuqppgn!cpf!tgncvgf!equvu-!kpenwf.

36 kpi!wpkhqtou!qt!cnnqycpegu!vjgtghqt-!cu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!uge.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 334 of 421

78!

2 vkqpu!6;12!cpf!6;13!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!vtcxgn!

3 gzrgpugu=! rwtejcug! cpf! jktg! qh! rcuugpigt! oqvqt! xgjkengu=!

4 pqv!vq! gzeggf!%74-111!hqt!qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp!cpf!tgrtgugp.

5 vcvkqp! gzrgpugu=! cpf! rwtejcug-! ngcug-! ejctvgt-! ockpvg.

6 pcpeg-! cpf! qrgtcvkqp! qh! okuukqp! cpf! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! ckt.

7 etchv-! %3-88;-111-111-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! Ugr.

8 vgodgt!41-!3127/!

9

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21

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! hqt! eqpuvtwevkqp! qh! hceknkvkgu!

22 kpenwfkpi! tgrckt-! tgjcdknkvcvkqp-! tgxkvcnk|cvkqp-! cpf! oqfk.

23 hkecvkqp!qh!hceknkvkgu-!eqpuvtwevkqp!qh!pgy!hceknkvkgu!cpf!cf.

24 fkvkqpu! vq! gzkuvkpi! hceknkvkgu-! hceknkv{! rncppkpi! cpf! fgukip-!

25 cpf! tguvqtcvkqp-! cpf! ceswkukvkqp! qt! eqpfgopcvkqp! qh! tgcn!

26 rtqrgtv{-!cu!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!ncy-!cpf!gpxktqpogpvcn!eqornk.

27 cpeg! cpf! tguvqtcvkqp-! %557-111-111-! vq! tgockp! cxckncdng!

28 wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3131<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! jgtgchvgt-! pqv.

29 ykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 31256)d*)3*)C*! qh! vkvng! 62-! Wpkvgf!

2; Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cnn! rtqeggfu! htqo! ngcugu! gpvgtgf! kpvq! wpfgt!

31 vjcv!ugevkqp!ujcnn!dg!fgrqukvgf!kpvq!vjku!ceeqwpv<! Rtqxkfgf!

32 hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!uwej!rtqeggfu!ujcnn!dg!cxckncdng!hqt!c!rgtkqf!

33 qh! 6! {gctu! vq! vjg! gzvgpv! cpf! kp! coqwpvu! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp!

34 cppwcn! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! Cevu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! uwej!

35 rtqeggfu! tghgttgf! vq! kp! vjg! vyq! rtgegfkpi! rtqxkuqu! ujcnn!

36 dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp! hqt! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! kp! cp!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 335 of 421

79!

2 coqwpv! pqv! vq! gzeggf! %;-695-211<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv!

3 gcej! cppwcn! dwfigv! tgswguv! ujcnn! kpenwfg! cp! cppwcn! guvk.

4 ocvg! qh! itquu! tgegkrvu! cpf! eqnngevkqpu! cpf! rtqrqugf! wug!

5 qh! cnn! hwpfu! eqnngevgf! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 31256! qh! vkvng!

6 62-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg/!

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9 Igpgtcn!kp!ectt{kpi!qwv!vjg!Kpurgevqt!Igpgtcn!Cev!qh!2;89-!

; %45-111-111-! qh! yjkej! %611-111! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng!

21 wpvkn!Ugrvgodgt!41-!3127/!

22

!

23

!

24

Hwpfu! hqt! cp{! cppqwpegf! rtk|g! qvjgtykug! cwvjqtk|gf!

25 ujcnn!tgockp!cxckncdng-!ykvjqwv!hkuecn!{gct!nkokvcvkqp-!wpvkn!

26 vjg!rtk|g!ku!enckogf!qt!vjg!qhhgt!ku!ykvjftcyp/!

27

Pqv! vq! gzeggf! 6! rgtegpv! qh! cp{! crrtqrtkcvkqp! ocfg!

28 cxckncdng!hqt!vjg!ewttgpv!hkuecn!{gct!hqt!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Cgtq.

29 pcwvkeu! cpf! Urceg! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! kp! vjku! Cev! oc{! dg!

2; vtcpuhgttgf! dgvyggp! uwej! crrtqrtkcvkqpu-! dwv! pq! uwej! cr.

31 rtqrtkcvkqp-!gzegrv!cu!qvjgtykug!urgekhkecnn{!rtqxkfgf-!ujcnn!

32 dg! kpetgcugf! d{! oqtg!vjcp! 21! rgtegpv!d{! cp{! uwej!vtcpu.

33 hgtu/! Dcncpegu! uq! vtcpuhgttgf! ujcnn! dg! ogtigf! ykvj! cpf!

34 cxckncdng!hqt!vjg!ucog!rwtrqugu!cpf!vjg!ucog!vkog!rgtkqf!

35 cu! vjg! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! vq! yjkej! vtcpuhgttgf/! Cp{! vtcpuhgt!

36 rwtuwcpv!vq!vjku!rtqxkukqp!ujcnn!dg!vtgcvgf!cu!c!tgrtqitco.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 336 of 421

7;!

2 okpi!qh!hwpfu!wpfgt!ugevkqp!616!qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!pqv!

3 dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp! gzegrv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg!

4 rtqegfwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp/!

5

Vjg!urgpfkpi!rncp! tgswktgf!d{!vjku!Cev! ujcnn!dg! rtq.

6 xkfgf!d{!PCUC!cv!vjg!vjgog-!rtqitco-!rtqlgev!cpf!cevkx.

7 kv{! ngxgn/! Vjg! urgpfkpi! rncp-! cu! ygnn! cu! cp{! uwdugswgpv!

8 ejcpig! qh! cp! coqwpv! guvcdnkujgf! kp! vjcv! urgpfkpi! rncp!

9 vjcv!oggvu!vjg!pqvkhkecvkqp!tgswktgogpvu!qh!ugevkqp!616!qh!

; vjku! Cev-! ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! wpfgt! uge.

21 vkqp! 616! qh! vjku! Cev!cpf!ujcnn! pqv! dg!cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkic.

22 vkqp! qt! gzrgpfkvwtg! gzegrv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! rtqeg.

23 fwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp/!

24

!

25

Vjg!wpgzrktgf!dcncpegu!qh!c!rtgxkqwu!ceeqwpv-!hqt!ce.

26 vkxkvkgu! hqt! yjkej! hwpfu! ctg! rtqxkfgf! kp! vjku! Cev-! oc{! dg!

27 vtcpuhgttgf!vq!vjg!pgy!ceeqwpv!guvcdnkujgf!kp!vjku!Cev!vjcv!

28 rtqxkfgu! uwej! cevkxkvkgu/! Dcncpegu! uq! vtcpuhgttgf! ujcnn! dg!

29 ogtigf! ykvj! vjg! hwpfu! kp! vjg! pgyn{! guvcdnkujgf! ceeqwpv-!

2; dwv! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! wpfgt! vjg! ucog! vgtou-! eqpfkvkqpu!

31 cpf!rgtkqf!qh!vkog!cu!rtgxkqwun{!crrtqrtkcvgf/!

32

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Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjg! Pcvkqpcn!

35 Uekgpeg!Hqwpfcvkqp!Cev!qh!2;61!)53!W/U/E/!2972!gv!ugs/*-!

36 cpf!Rwdnke!Ncy!9731;!)53!W/U/E/!2991!gv!ugs/*=!ugtxkegu!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 337 of 421

81!

2 cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 421;! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

3 Eqfg=!ockpvgpcpeg!cpf!qrgtcvkqp!qh!cktetchv!cpf!rwtejcug!

4 qh! hnkijv! ugtxkegu! hqt! tgugctej! uwrrqtv=! ceswkukvkqp! qh! ckt.

5 etchv=! cpf! cwvjqtk|gf! vtcxgn=! %6-;84-756-111! )tgfwegf! d{!

6 %26-461-111*)kpetgcugf!d{!%26-461-111*-!vq!tgockp!cxckn.

7 cdng! wpvkn! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 3127-! qh! yjkej! pqv! vq! gzeggf!

8 %631-111-111! ujcnn! tgockp! cxckncdng! wpvkn! gzrgpfgf! hqt!

9 rqnct!tgugctej!cpf!qrgtcvkqpu!uwrrqtv-!cpf!hqt!tgkodwtug.

; ogpv!vq!qvjgt!Hgfgtcn!cigpekgu!hqt!qrgtcvkqpcn!cpf!uekgpeg!

21 uwrrqtv! cpf! nqikuvkecn! cpf! qvjgt! tgncvgf! cevkxkvkgu! hqt! vjg!

22 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Cpvctevke!rtqitco<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!tgegkrvu!

23 hqt! uekgpvkhke! uwrrqtv! ugtxkegu! cpf! ocvgtkcnu! hwtpkujgf! d{!

24 vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Tgugctej!Egpvgtu!cpf!qvjgt!Pcvkqpcn!Uekgpeg!

25 Hqwpfcvkqp! uwrrqtvgf! tgugctej! hceknkvkgu! oc{! dg! etgfkvgf!

26 vq!vjku!crrtqrtkcvkqp/!

27

!

28

!

29

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! hqt! vjg! ceswkukvkqp-! eqpuvtwe.

2; vkqp-! eqookuukqpkpi-! cpf! writcfkpi! qh! oclqt! tgugctej!

31 gswkrogpv-!hceknkvkgu-!cpf!qvjgt!uwej!ecrkvcn!cuugvu!rwtuw.

32 cpv! vq! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Uekgpeg! Hqwpfcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;61! )53!

33 W/U/E/! 2972! gv! ugs/*-! kpenwfkpi! cwvjqtk|gf! vtcxgn-!

34 %311-871-111-!vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf/!

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JT! 5771! REU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 338 of 421

82!

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3

Hqt!pgeguuct{!gzrgpugu!kp!ectt{kpi!qwv!uekgpeg-!ocvj.

4 gocvkeu! cpf! gpikpggtkpi! gfwecvkqp! cpf! jwocp! tguqwtegu!

5 rtqitcou! cpf! cevkxkvkgu! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Uekgpeg!

6 Hqwpfcvkqp!Cev!qh!2;61!)53!W/U/E/!2972!gv!ugs/*-!kpenwf.

7 kpi! ugtxkegu! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 421;! qh! vkvng! 6-!

8 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cwvjqtk|gf! vtcxgn-! cpf! tgpvcn! qh! eqp.

9 hgtgpeg!tqqou!kp!vjg!Fkuvtkev!qh!Eqnwodkc-!%987-111-111-!

; vq!tgockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!Ugrvgodgt!41-!3127/!

21

!

22

Hqt! cigpe{! qrgtcvkqpu! cpf! cyctf! ocpcigogpv! pge.

23 guuct{! kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Uekgpeg! Hqwpfcvkqp!

24 Cev!qh!2;61!)53!W/U/E/!2972!gv!ugs/*=!ugtxkegu!cwvjqtk|gf!

25 d{!ugevkqp!421;!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!jktg!qh!rcu.

26 ugpigt!oqvqt!xgjkengu=!wpkhqtou!qt!cnnqycpegu!vjgtghqt-!cu!

27 cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqpu! 6;12! cpf! 6;13! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf!

28 Uvcvgu!Eqfg=!tgpvcn!qh!eqphgtgpeg!tqqou!kp!vjg!Fkuvtkev!qh!

29 Eqnwodkc=! cpf! tgkodwtugogpv! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

2; Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hqt! ugewtkv{! iwctf! ugtxkegu=!

31 %446-111-111! )tgfwegf! d{! %21-111-111*<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv!

32 pqv!vq!gzeggf!%9-391!ku!hqt!qhhkekcn!tgegrvkqp!cpf!tgrtgugp.

33 vcvkqp! gzrgpugu<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! eqpvtcevu! oc{! dg!

34 gpvgtgf! kpvq! wpfgt! vjku! jgcfkpi! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! hqt!

35 ockpvgpcpeg!cpf!qrgtcvkqp!qh!hceknkvkgu!cpf!hqt!qvjgt!ugtx.

36 kegu! vq! dg! rtqxkfgf! fwtkpi! vjg! pgzv! hkuecn! {gct<! Rtqxkfgf!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 339 of 421

83!

2 hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! qh! vjg! coqwpv! rtqxkfgf! hqt! equvu! cuuqekcvgf!

3 ykvj! vjg! ceswkukvkqp-! qeewrcpe{-! cpf! tgncvgf! equvu! qh! pgy!

4 jgcfswctvgtu! urceg-! pqv! oqtg! vjcv! %38-481-111! ujcnn! tg.

5 ockp!cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf/!

6

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8 tkgu-! cwvjqtk|gf! vtcxgn-! jktg! qh! rcuugpigt! oqvqt! xgjkengu-!

9 vjg!tgpvcn!qh!eqphgtgpeg!tqqou!kp!vjg!Fkuvtkev!qh!Eqnwodkc-!

; cpf!vjg!gornq{ogpv!qh!gzrgtvu!cpf!eqpuwnvcpvu!wpfgt!uge.

21 vkqp! 421;! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*! kpxqnxgf! kp! ect.

22 t{kpi! qwv! ugevkqp! 5! qh! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Uekgpeg! Hqwpfcvkqp!

23 Cev! qh! 2;61! )53! W/U/E/! 2974*! cpf! Rwdnke! Ncy! 9731;!

24 )53!W/U/E/!2991!gv!ugs/*-!%5-481-111<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!pqv!

25 vq! gzeggf! %3-611! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qhhkekcn! tgegrvkqp!

26 cpf!tgrtgugpvcvkqp!gzrgpugu/!

27

!

28

Hqt! pgeguuct{! gzrgpugu! qh! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Kpurgevqt!

29 Igpgtcn! cu! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! vjg! Kpurgevqt! Igpgtcn! Cev! qh!

2; 2;89-!%25-541-111-!qh!yjkej!%511-111!ujcnn!tgockp!cxckn.

31 cdng!wpvkn!Ugrvgodgt!41-!3127/!

32

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33

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34 cxckncdng! hqt! vjg! ewttgpv! hkuecn! {gct! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn!

35 Uekgpeg! Hqwpfcvkqp! kp! vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! vtcpuhgttgf! dg.

36 vyggp!uwej!crrtqrtkcvkqpu-!dwv!pq!uwej!crrtqrtkcvkqp!ujcnn!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 340 of 421

84!

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3 hgtu/!Cp{!vtcpuhgt!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!dg!vtgcvgf!

4 cu! c! tgrtqitcookpi! qh! hwpfu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 616! qh! vjku!

5 Cev!cpf!ujcnn!pqv!dg!cxckncdng!hqt!qdnkicvkqp!gzegrv!kp!eqo.

6 rnkcpeg!ykvj!vjg!rtqegfwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp/!

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24 Tkijvu-! kpenwfkpi! jktg! qh! rcuugpigt! oqvqt! xgjkengu-!

25 %;-111-111<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtq.

26 rtkcvgf!kp!vjku!rctcitcrj!ujcnn!dg!wugf!vq!gornq{!kp!gzeguu!

27 qh! hqwt! hwnn.vkog! kpfkxkfwcnu! wpfgt! Uejgfwng! E! qh! vjg! Gz.

28 egrvgf! Ugtxkeg! gzenwukxg! qh! qpg! urgekcn! cuukuvcpv! hqt! gcej!

29 Eqookuukqpgt<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu!

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31 Eqookuukqpgtu! hqt! oqtg! vjcp! 86! dknncdng! fc{u-! ykvj! vjg!

32 gzegrvkqp!qh!vjg!ejcktrgtuqp-!yjq!ku!rgtokvvgf!236!dknncdng!

33 fc{u<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtq.

34 rtkcvgf! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj! ujcnn! dg! wugf! hqt! cp{! cevkxkv{!

35 qt! gzrgpug! vjcv! ku! pqv! gzrnkekvn{! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 4!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 341 of 421

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28 cwvjqtk|gf! d{! ugevkqp! 2454)d*! qh! vkvng! 42-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

29 Eqfg=! pqpoqpgvct{! cyctfu! vq! rtkxcvg! ekvk|gpu=! cpf! wr! vq!

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31 cigpekgu! hqt! cwvjqtk|gf! ugtxkegu! vq! vjg! Eqookuukqp-!

32 %475-111-111<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv! vjg! Eqookuukqp! ku! cwvjqt.

33 k|gf! vq!ocmg!cxckncdng!hqt!qhhkekcn!tgegrvkqp!cpf!tgrtgugp.

34 vcvkqp!gzrgpugu!pqv!vq!gzeggf!%3-361!htqo!cxckncdng!hwpfu<!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 342 of 421

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29 %5-461-111!ku!hqt!vjg!Qhhkeg!qh!Kpurgevqt!Igpgtcn-!qh!yjkej!

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31 cffkvkqpcn!cwfkvu!qh!tgekrkgpvu=!%29-111-111!ku!hqt!ocpcig.

32 ogpv! cpf! itcpvu! qxgtukijv=! %5-111-111! ku! hqt! enkgpv! ugnh.!

33 jgnr! cpf! kphqtocvkqp! vgejpqnqi{=! %4-111-111! ku! hqt! c! Rtq!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 343 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 345 of 421

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33 kuuwgf!rwtuwcpv!vq!gzkuvkpi!ncy/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 346 of 421

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9 cp{!ceeqwpvu!kp!vjg!Vtgcuwt{!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!fgtkxgf!

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23 vkcvgu! c! pgy! rtqitco-! rtqlgev! qt! cevkxkv{=! )3*! gnkokpcvgu!

24 c!rtqitco-!rtqlgev!qt!cevkxkv{=!)4*!kpetgcugu!hwpfu!qt!rgt.

25 uqppgn!d{! cp{!ogcpu!hqt!cp{!rtqlgev!qt!cevkxkv{!hqt!yjkej!

26 hwpfu! jcxg! dggp! fgpkgf! qt! tguvtkevgf=! )5*! tgnqecvgu! cp! qh.

27 hkeg!qt!gornq{ggu=!)6*!tgqticpk|gu!qt!tgpcogu!qhhkegu-!rtq.

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32 nguu-! qt! tgfwegu! d{! 21! rgtegpv! hwpfkpi! hqt! cp{! rtqitco-!

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35 htqo! c! tgfwevkqp! kp! rgtuqppgn-! yjkej! yqwnf! tguwnv! kp! c!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 347 of 421

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5 cigpekgu!qh!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg*!hwpfgf!d{!vjku!Cev!

6 cpf! 56! fc{u! kp! cfxcpeg! qh! uwej! tgrtqitcookpi! qh! hwpfu!

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21 chhkzgf! c! ncdgn! dgctkpi! c! Ocfg! kp! Cogtkec! kpuetkrvkqp-!

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24 kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! vjg! rgtuqp! ujcnn! dg! kpgnkikdng! vq! tg.

25 egkxg! cp{! eqpvtcev! qt! uwdeqpvtcev! ocfg! ykvj! hwpfu! ocfg!

26 cxckncdng! kp! vjku! Cev-! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg! fgdctogpv-! uwurgp.

27 ukqp-! cpf! kpgnkikdknkv{! rtqegfwtgu! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqpu!

28 ;/511! vjtqwij!;/51;!qh! vkvng! 59-! Eqfg!qh! Hgfgtcn!Tgiwnc.

29 vkqpu/!

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32 cxckncdng!d{!vjku!Cev!ujcnn!dg!wugf!vq!rwtejcug!kvgou!vjcv!

33 ctg! ocpwhcevwtgf-! rtqfwegf-! qt! cuugodngf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

34 Uvcvgu-!kvu!vgttkvqtkgu!qt!rquuguukqpu/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 348 of 421

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4 Kvgo!)2*)h*)4*/!

5

U /! 618/! )c*! Vjg! Fgrctvogpvu! qh! Eqoogteg! cpf!

6 Lwuvkeg-! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Uekgpeg! Hqwpfcvkqp-! cpf! vjg! Pc.

7 vkqpcn!Cgtqpcwvkeu!cpf!Urceg!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!ujcnn!rtqxkfg!

8 vq!vjg!Eqookvvggu!qp!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgr.

9 tgugpvcvkxgu!cpf!vjg!Ugpcvg!c!swctvgtn{!tgrqtv!qp!vjg!uvc.

; vwu!qh!dcncpegu!qh!crrtqrtkcvkqpu!cv!vjg!ceeqwpv!ngxgn/!Hqt!

21 wpqdnkicvgf-!wpeqookvvgf!dcncpegu!cpf!wpqdnkicvgf-!eqo.

22 okvvgf! dcncpegu! vjg! swctvgtn{! tgrqtvu! ujcnn! ugrctcvgn{!

23 kfgpvkh{! vjg! coqwpvu! cvvtkdwvcdng! vq! gcej! uqwteg! {gct! qh!

24 crrtqrtkcvkqp! htqo! yjkej! vjg! dcncpegu! ygtg! fgtkxgf/! Hqt!

25 dcncpegu!vjcv!ctg!qdnkicvgf-!dwv!wpgzrgpfgf-!vjg!swctvgtn{!

26 tgrqtvu! ujcnn! ugrctcvgn{! kfgpvkh{! coqwpvu! d{! vjg! {gct! qh!

27 qdnkicvkqp/!

28

)d*! Vjg! tgrqtv! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! dg!

29 uwdokvvgf!ykvjkp!41!fc{u!qh!vjg!gpf!qh!gcej!swctvgt/!

2;

)e*! Kh! c! fgrctvogpv! qt! cigpe{! ku! wpcdng! vq! hwnhknn! cp{!

31 curgev! qh! c! tgrqtvkpi! tgswktgogpv! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp!

32 )c*! fwg! vq! c! nkokvcvkqp! qh! c! ewttgpv! ceeqwpvkpi! u{uvgo-!

33 vjg! fgrctvogpv! qt! cigpe{! ujcnn! hwnhknn! uwej! curgev! vq! vjg!

34 oczkowo! gzvgpv! rtcevkecdng! wpfgt! uwej! ceeqwpvkpi! u{u.

35 vgo! cpf! ujcnn! kfgpvkh{! cpf! fguetkdg! kp! gcej! swctvgtn{! tg.

36 rqtv!vjg!gzvgpv!vq!yjkej!uwej!curgev!ku!pqv!hwnhknngf/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
793 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11192 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 349 of 421

93!

2

U /! 619/! Cp{! equvu! kpewttgf! d{! c! fgrctvogpv! qt!

3 cigpe{! hwpfgf! wpfgt! vjku! Cev! tguwnvkpi! htqo-! qt! vq! rtg.

4 xgpv-! rgtuqppgn! cevkqpu! vcmgp! kp! tgurqpug! vq! hwpfkpi! tg.

5 fwevkqpu!kpenwfgf!kp!vjku!Cev!ujcnn!dg!cduqtdgf!ykvjkp!vjg!

6 vqvcn!dwfigvct{!tguqwtegu!cxckncdng!vq!uwej!fgrctvogpv!qt!

7 cigpe{<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!vq!vtcpuhgt!hwpfu!dg.

8 vyggp! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! ceeqwpvu! cu! oc{! dg! pgeguuct{! vq!

9 ectt{!qwv!vjku!ugevkqp!ku!rtqxkfgf!kp!cffkvkqp!vq!cwvjqtkvkgu!

; kpenwfgf!gnugyjgtg!kp!vjku!Cev<! Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!wug!

21 qh! hwpfu! vq! ectt{! qwv! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! vtgcvgf! cu! c!

22 tgrtqitcookpi!qh!hwpfu!wpfgt!ugevkqp!616!qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!

23 ujcnn! pqv! dg! cxckncdng! hqt! qdnkicvkqp! qt! gzrgpfkvwtg! gzegrv!

24 kp!eqornkcpeg!ykvj!vjg!rtqegfwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!vjcv!ugevkqp<!

25 Rtqxkfgf! hwtvjgt-! Vjcv! hqt! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Eqoogteg-!

26 vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! cnuq! crrn{! vq! cevkqpu! vcmgp! hqt! vjg! ectg!

27 cpf!rtqvgevkqp!qh!nqcp!eqnncvgtcn!qt!itcpv!rtqrgtv{/!

28

U /! 61;/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! rtqxkfgf! d{! vjku! Cev!

29 ujcnn!dg!cxckncdng!vq!rtqoqvg!vjg!ucng!qt!gzrqtv!qh!vqdceeq!

2; qt! vqdceeq! rtqfwevu-! qt! vq! uggm! vjg! tgfwevkqp! qt! tgoqxcn!

31 d{! cp{! hqtgkip! eqwpvt{! qh! tguvtkevkqpu! qp! vjg! octmgvkpi!

32 qh! vqdceeq! qt! vqdceeq! rtqfwevu-! gzegrv! hqt! tguvtkevkqpu!

33 yjkej! ctg! pqv! crrnkgf! gswcnn{! vq! cnn! vqdceeq! qt! vqdceeq!

34 rtqfwevu!qh!vjg!ucog!v{rg/!

35

U /! 621/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

36 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf!vq! rc{! vjg!ucnctkgu! cpf! gzrgpugu!qh!rgt.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
794 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11193 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 350 of 421

94!

2 uqppgn!qh!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!vq!qdnkicvg!oqtg!vjcp!

3 %881-111-111! fwtkpi! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! htqo! vjg! hwpf! gu.

4 vcdnkujgf! d{! ugevkqp! 2513! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! ;9584! )53!

5 W/U/E/!21712*/!

6

U /! 622/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! vjg!

7 Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!kp!vjku!Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!fkuetkok.

8 pcvg! cickpuv! qt! fgpkitcvg! vjg!tgnkikqwu! qt! oqtcn!dgnkghu! qh!

9 uvwfgpvu! yjq! rctvkekrcvg! kp! rtqitcou! hqt! yjkej! hkpcpekcn!

; cuukuvcpeg!ku!rtqxkfgf!htqo!vjqug!hwpfu-!qt!qh!vjg!rctgpvu!

21 qt!ngicn!iwctfkcpu!qh!uwej!uvwfgpvu/!

22

U /! 623/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

23 Cev!oc{!dg!vtcpuhgttgf!vq!cp{!fgrctvogpv-!cigpe{-!qt!kp.

24 uvtwogpvcnkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Iqxgtpogpv-! gzegrv!

25 rwtuwcpv!vq!c!vtcpuhgt!ocfg!d{-!qt!vtcpuhgt!cwvjqtkv{!rtq.

26 xkfgf!kp-!vjku!Cev!qt!cp{!qvjgt!crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev/!

27

U /!624/!Cp{!hwpfu!rtqxkfgf!kp!vjku!Cev!wugf!vq!ko.

28 rngogpv! G.Iqxgtpogpv! Kpkvkcvkxgu! ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! vjg!

29 rtqegfwtgu!ugv!hqtvj!kp!ugevkqp!616!qh!vjku!Cev/!

2;

U /!625/!)c*!Vjg!Kpurgevqtu!Igpgtcn!qh!vjg!Fgrctv.

31 ogpv! qh! Eqoogteg-! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! vjg! Pc.

32 vkqpcn! Cgtqpcwvkeu! cpf! Urceg! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp-! vjg! Pc.

33 vkqpcn! Uekgpeg! Hqwpfcvkqp-! cpf! vjg! Ngicn! Ugtxkegu! Eqt.

34 rqtcvkqp! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cwfkvu-! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg! Kpurgevqt!

35 Igpgtcn! Cev! )6! W/U/E/! Crr/*-! qh! itcpvu! qt! eqpvtcevu! hqt!

36 yjkej!hwpfu!ctg!crrtqrtkcvgf!d{!vjku!Cev-!cpf!ujcnn!uwdokv!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
795 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11194 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 351 of 421

95!

2 tgrqtvu!vq!Eqpitguu!qp!vjg!rtqitguu!qh!uwej!cwfkvu-!yjkej!

3 oc{! kpenwfg! rtgnkokpct{! hkpfkpiu! cpf! c! fguetkrvkqp! qh!

4 ctgcu! qh! rctvkewnct! kpvgtguv-! ykvjkp! 291! fc{u! chvgt! kpkvk.

5 cvkpi! uwej! cp! cwfkv! cpf! gxgt{! 291! fc{u! vjgtgchvgt! wpvkn!

6 cp{!uwej!cwfkv!ku!eqorngvgf/!

7

)d*! Ykvjkp! 71! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qp! yjkej! cp! cwfkv!

8 fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! d{! cp! Kpurgevqt! Igpgtcn! ku!

9 eqorngvgf-! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! Cfokpku.

; vtcvqt-! Fktgevqt-! qt! Rtgukfgpv-! cu! crrtqrtkcvg-! ujcnn! ocmg!

21 vjg!tguwnvu!qh!vjg!cwfkv!cxckncdng!vq!vjg!rwdnke!qp!vjg!Kpvgt.

22 pgv! ygdukvg! ockpvckpgf! d{! vjg! Fgrctvogpv-! Cfokpkuvtc.

23 vkqp-!Hqwpfcvkqp-!qt!Eqtrqtcvkqp-!tgurgevkxgn{/!Vjg!tguwnvu!

24 ujcnn!dg!ocfg!cxckncdng!kp!tgfcevgf!hqto!vq!gzenwfg•!

25

)2*! cp{! ocvvgt! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 663)d*! qh!

26

vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg=! cpf!

27

)3*! ugpukvkxg! rgtuqpcn! kphqtocvkqp! hqt! cp{! kpfk.

28

xkfwcn-! vjg! rwdnke! ceeguu! vq! yjkej! eqwnf! dg! wugf! vq!

29

eqookv! kfgpvkv{! vjghv! qt! hqt! qvjgt! kpcrrtqrtkcvg! qt!

2;

wpncyhwn! rwtrqugu/!

31

)e*! C! itcpv! qt! eqpvtcev! hwpfgf! d{! coqwpvu! crrtq.

32 rtkcvgf! d{! vjku! Cev! oc{! pqv! dg! wugf! hqt! vjg! rwtrqug! qh!

33 fghtc{kpi!vjg!equvu!qh!c!dcpswgv!qt!eqphgtgpeg!vjcv!ku!pqv!

34 fktgevn{! cpf! rtqitcoocvkecnn{! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! rwtrqug! hqt!

35 yjkej! vjg! itcpv! qt! eqpvtcev! ycu! cyctfgf-! uwej! cu! c! dcp.

36 swgv!qt!eqphgtgpeg!jgnf!kp!eqppgevkqp!ykvj!rncppkpi-!vtckp.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
796 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11195 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 352 of 421

96!

2 kpi-!cuuguuogpv-!tgxkgy-!qt!qvjgt!tqwvkpg!rwtrqugu!tgncvgf!

3 vq!c!rtqlgev!hwpfgf!d{!vjg!itcpv!qt!eqpvtcev/!

4

)f*! Cp{! rgtuqp! cyctfgf! c! itcpv! qt! eqpvtcev! hwpfgf!

5 d{!coqwpvu!crrtqrtkcvgf!d{!vjku!Cev!ujcnn!uwdokv!c!uvcvg.

6 ogpv!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Eqoogteg-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!

7 vjg!Cfokpkuvtcvqt-!Fktgevqt-!qt!Rtgukfgpv-!cu!crrtqrtkcvg-!

8 egtvkh{kpi!vjcv!pq!hwpfu!fgtkxgf!htqo!vjg!itcpv!qt!eqpvtcev!

9 yknn! dg! ocfg! cxckncdng! vjtqwij! c! uwdeqpvtcev! qt! kp! cp{!

; qvjgt!ocppgt!vq!cpqvjgt!rgtuqp!yjq!jcu!c!hkpcpekcn!kpvgt.

21 guv!kp!vjg!rgtuqp!cyctfgf!vjg!itcpv!qt!eqpvtcev/!

22

)g*!Vjg!rtqxkukqpu!qh!vjg!rtgegfkpi!uwdugevkqpu!qh!vjku!

23 ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! 41! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qp! yjkej!

24 vjg!Fktgevqt!qh!vjg!Qhhkeg!qh!Ocpcigogpv!cpf!Dwfigv-!kp!

25 eqpuwnvcvkqp!ykvj!vjg!Fktgevqt!qh!vjg!Qhhkeg!qh!Iqxgtpogpv!

26 Gvjkeu-!fgvgtokpgu!vjcv!c!wpkhqto!ugv!qh!twngu!cpf!tgswktg.

27 ogpvu-! uwduvcpvkcnn{! ukoknct! vq! vjg! tgswktgogpvu! kp! uwej!

28 uwdugevkqpu-!eqpukuvgpvn{!crrn{!wpfgt!vjg!gzgewvkxg!dtcpej!

29 gvjkeu! rtqitco! vq! cnn! Hgfgtcn! fgrctvogpvu-! cigpekgu-! cpf!

2; gpvkvkgu/!

31

U /!626/!)c*!Pqpg!qh!vjg!hwpfu!crrtqrtkcvgf!qt!qvj.

32 gtykug! ocfg! cxckncdng! wpfgt! vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! d{! vjg!

33 Fgrctvogpvu!qh!Eqoogteg!cpf!Lwuvkeg-!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Cgt.

34 qpcwvkeu! cpf! Urceg! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp-! qt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn!

35 Uekgpeg!Hqwpfcvkqp!vq!ceswktg!c!jkij.korcev!qt!oqfgtcvg.!

36 korcev! kphqtocvkqp! u{uvgo-! cu! fghkpgf! hqt! ugewtkv{! ecv.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
797 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11196 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 353 of 421

97!

2 giqtk|cvkqp! kp! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Kpuvkvwvg! qh! Uvcpfctfu! cpf!

3 Vgejpqnqi{u! )PKUV*! Hgfgtcn! Kphqtocvkqp! Rtqeguukpi!

4 Uvcpfctf! Rwdnkecvkqp! 2;;-! Uvcpfctfu! hqt! Ugewtkv{! Ecv.

5 giqtk|cvkqp! qh! Hgfgtcn! Kphqtocvkqp! cpf! Kphqtocvkqp! U{u.

6 vgou!wpnguu!vjg!cigpe{!jcu!

7

)2*! tgxkgygf! vjg! uwrrn{! ejckp! tkum! hqt! vjg! kphqt.

8

ocvkqp! u{uvgou! cickpuv! etkvgtkc! fgxgnqrgf! d{! PKUV!

9

vq! kphqto! ceswkukvkqp! fgekukqpu! hqt! jkij.korcev! cpf!

;

oqfgtcvg.korcev! kphqtocvkqp! u{uvgou! ykvjkp! vjg!

21

Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtpogpv=!

22

)3*! tgxkgygf! vjg! uwrrn{! ejckp! tkum! htqo! vjg! rtg.

23

uworvkxg! cyctfgg! cickpuv! cxckncdng! cpf! tgngxcpv!

24

vjtgcv! kphqtocvkqp! rtqxkfgf! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Dwtgcw!

25

qh! Kpxguvkicvkqp! cpf! qvjgt! crrtqrtkcvg! cigpekgu=! cpf!

26

)4*! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Dwtgcw! qh!

27

Kpxguvkicvkqp! qt! qvjgt! crrtqrtkcvg! Hgfgtcn! gpvkv{-!

28

eqpfwevgf! cp! cuuguuogpv! qh! cp{! tkum! qh! e{dgt.gurkq.

29

pcig! qt! ucdqvcig! cuuqekcvgf! ykvj! vjg! ceswkukvkqp! qh!

2;

uwej! u{uvgo-!kpenwfkpi! cp{!tkum! cuuqekcvgf! ykvj! uwej!

31

u{uvgo! dgkpi! rtqfwegf-! ocpwhcevwtgf-! qt! cuugodngf!

32

d{! qpg! qt! oqtg! gpvkvkgu! kfgpvkhkgf! d{! vjg! Wpkvgf!

33

Uvcvgu! Iqxgtpogpv! cu! rqukpi! c! e{dgt! vjtgcv-! kpenwf.

34

kpi! dwv! pqv! nkokvgf! vq-! vjqug! vjcv! oc{! dg! qypgf-! fk.

35

tgevgf-! qt! uwdukfk|gf! d{! vjg! Rgqrngu! Tgrwdnke! qh!

36

Ejkpc/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
798 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11197 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 354 of 421

98!

2

)d*! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! qt! qvjgtykug!

3 ocfg! cxckncdng! wpfgt! vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq! ceswktg! c!

4 jkij.korcev! qt! oqfgtcvg.korcev! kphqtocvkqp! u{uvgo! tg.

5 xkgygf!cpf!cuuguugf!wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!)c*!wpnguu!vjg!jgcf!

6 qh! vjg! cuuguukpi! gpvkv{! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! jcu•!

7

)2*! fgxgnqrgf-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! PKUV! cpf!

8

uwrrn{! ejckp! tkum! ocpcigogpv! gzrgtvu-! c! okvkicvkqp!

9

uvtcvgi{! hqt! cp{! kfgpvkhkgf! tkumu=!

;

)3*! fgvgtokpgf! vjcv! vjg! ceswkukvkqp! qh! uwej! u{u.

21

vgo! ku! kp! vjg! pcvkqpcn! kpvgtguv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

22

cpf!

23

)4*! tgrqtvgf! vjcv! fgvgtokpcvkqp! vq! vjg! Eqookv.

24

vggu! qp! Crrtqrtkcvkqpu! qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvc.

25

vkxgu! cpf! vjg! Ugpcvg/!

26

U /! 627/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

27 Cev! ujcnn! dg! wugf! kp! cp{! yc{! yjcvuqgxgt! vq! uwrrqtv! qt!

28 lwuvkh{! vjg! wug! qh! vqtvwtg! d{! cp{! qhhkekcn! qt! eqpvtcev! go.

29 rnq{gg!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Iqxgtpogpv/!

2;

U /! 628/! )c*! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp!

31 qh! ncy! qt! vtgcv{-! kp! vjg! ewttgpv! hkuecn! {gct! cpf! cp{! hkuecn!

32 {gct! vjgtgchvgt-! pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! qt! qvjgt.

33 ykug! ocfg! cxckncdng! wpfgt! vjku! Cev! qt! cp{! qvjgt! Cev! oc{!

34 dg! gzrgpfgf! qt! qdnkicvgf! d{! c! fgrctvogpv-! cigpe{-! qt! kp.

35 uvtwogpvcnkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq! rc{! cfokpkuvtcvkxg!

36 gzrgpugu! qt! vq! eqorgpucvg! cp! qhhkegt! qt! gornq{gg! qh! vjg!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
799 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11198 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 355 of 421

99!

2 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! tgswktkpi! cp! gzrqtv! nk.

3 egpug! hqt! vjg! gzrqtv! vq! Ecpcfc! qh! eqorqpgpvu-! rctvu-! ce.

4 eguuqtkgu! qt! cvvcejogpvu! hqt! hktgctou! nkuvgf! kp! Ecvgiqt{!

5 K-! ugevkqp! 232/2! qh! vkvng! 33-! Eqfg! qh! Hgfgtcn! Tgiwncvkqpu!

6 )Kpvgtpcvkqpcn! Vtchhkemkpi! kp! Ctou! Tgiwncvkqpu! )KVCT*-!

7 rctv!232-!cu!kv!gzkuvgf!qp!Crtkn!2-!3116*!ykvj!c!vqvcn!xcnwg!

8 pqv!gzeggfkpi!%611!yjqngucng!kp!cp{!vtcpucevkqp-!rtqxkfgf!

9 vjcv! vjg! eqpfkvkqpu! qh! uwdugevkqp! )d*! qh! vjku! ugevkqp! ctg!

; ogv!d{!vjg!gzrqtvkpi!rctv{!hqt!uwej!ctvkengu/!

21

)d*! Vjg! hqtgiqkpi! gzgorvkqp! htqo! qdvckpkpi! cp! gz.

22 rqtv!nkegpug•!

23

)2*! fqgu! pqv! gzgorv! cp! gzrqtvgt! htqo! hknkpi! cp{!

24

Ujkrrgtu! Gzrqtv! Fgenctcvkqp! qt! pqvkhkecvkqp! ngvvgt!

25

tgswktgf! d{! ncy-! qt! htqo! dgkpi! qvjgtykug! gnkikdng!

26

wpfgt! vjg! ncyu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq! rquuguu-! ujkr-!

27

vtcpurqtv-! qt! gzrqtv! vjg! ctvkengu! gpwogtcvgf! kp! uwd.

28

ugevkqp! )c*=! cpf!

29

)3*! fqgu! pqv! rgtokv! vjg! gzrqtv! ykvjqwv! c! nkegpug!

2;

qh•!

31

)C*! hwnn{! cwvqocvke! hktgctou! cpf! eqorq.

32

pgpvu! cpf! rctvu! hqt! uwej! hktgctou-! qvjgt! vjcp!

33

hqt! gpf! wug! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtpogpv-! qt! c!

34

Rtqxkpekcn! qt! Owpkekrcn! Iqxgtpogpv! qh! Ecpcfc=!

35

)D*! dcttgnu-! e{nkpfgtu-! tgegkxgtu! )htcogu*! qt!

36

eqorngvg! dtggej! ogejcpkuou! hqt! cp{! hktgcto!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
800 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11199 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 356 of 421

9;!

2

nkuvgf! kp! Ecvgiqt{! K-! qvjgt! vjcp! hqt! gpf! wug! d{!

3

vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtpogpv-! qt! c! Rtqxkpekcn! qt! Ow.

4

pkekrcn! Iqxgtpogpv! qh! Ecpcfc=! qt!

5

)E*! ctvkengu! hqt! gzrqtv! htqo! Ecpcfc! vq! cp.

6

qvjgt! hqtgkip! fguvkpcvkqp/!

7

)e*! Kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! vjku! ugevkqp-! vjg! Fkuvtkev! Fk.

8 tgevqtu! qh! Ewuvqou! cpf! rquvocuvgtu! ujcnn! rgtokv! vjg! rgt.

9 ocpgpv! qt! vgorqtct{! gzrqtv! ykvjqwv! c! nkegpug! qh! cp{! wp.

; encuukhkgf!ctvkengu!urgekhkgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)c*!vq!Ecpcfc!hqt!

21 gpf!wug!kp!Ecpcfc!qt!tgvwtp!vq!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!qt!vgo.

22 rqtct{! korqtv! qh! Ecpcfkcp.qtkikp! kvgou! htqo! Ecpcfc! hqt!

23 gpf! wug! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt! tgvwtp! vq! Ecpcfc! hqt! c!

24 Ecpcfkcp!ekvk|gp/!

25

)f*! Vjg! Rtgukfgpv! oc{! tgswktg! gzrqtv! nkegpugu! wpfgt!

26 vjku! ugevkqp! qp! c! vgorqtct{! dcuku! kh! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! fgvgt.

27 okpgu-!wrqp!rwdnkecvkqp!hktuv!kp!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Tgikuvgt-!vjcv!

28 vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! qh! Ecpcfc! jcu! korngogpvgf! qt! ockp.

29 vckpgf!kpcfgswcvg!korqtv!eqpvtqnu!hqt!vjg!ctvkengu!urgekhkgf!

2; kp!uwdugevkqp!)c*-!uwej!vjcv!c!ukipkhkecpv!fkxgtukqp!qh!uwej!

31 ctvkengu! jcu! cpf! eqpvkpwgu! vq! vcmg! rnceg! hqt! wug! kp! kpvgt.

32 pcvkqpcn!vgttqtkuo!qt!kp!vjg!guecncvkqp!qh!c!eqphnkev!kp!cp.

33 qvjgt! pcvkqp/! Vjg! Rtgukfgpv! ujcnn! vgtokpcvg! vjg! tgswktg.

34 ogpvu!qh!c!nkegpug!yjgp!tgcuqpu!hqt!vjg!vgorqtct{!tgswktg.

35 ogpvu!jcxg!egcugf/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
801 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1119; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 357 of 421

;1!

2

U /! 629/! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh!

3 ncy-! kp! vjg! ewttgpv! hkuecn! {gct! cpf! cp{! hkuecn! {gct! vjgtg.

4 chvgt-! pq! fgrctvogpv-! cigpe{-! qt! kpuvtwogpvcnkv{! qh! vjg!

5 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!tgegkxkpi!crrtqrtkcvgf!hwpfu!wpfgt!vjku!Cev!

6 qt!cp{!qvjgt!Cev!ujcnn!qdnkicvg!qt!gzrgpf!kp!cp{!yc{!uwej!

7 hwpfu!vq!rc{!cfokpkuvtcvkxg!gzrgpugu!qt!vjg!eqorgpucvkqp!

8 qh! cp{! qhhkegt! qt! gornq{gg! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq! fgp{!

9 cp{! crrnkecvkqp! uwdokvvgf! rwtuwcpv! vq! 33! W/U/E/!

; 3889)d*)2*)D*! cpf! swcnkhkgf! rwtuwcpv! vq! 38! EHT! ugevkqp!

21 589/223!qt/224-!hqt!c!rgtokv!vq!korqtv!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!qtk.

22 ikp!ewtkqu!qt!tgnkeu!hktgctou-!rctvu-!qt!coowpkvkqp/!

23

U /! 62;/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

24 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!kpenwfg!kp!cp{!pgy!dkncvgtcn!qt!ownvk.

25 ncvgtcn!vtcfg!citggogpv!vjg!vgzv!qh•!

26

)2*! rctcitcrj! 3! qh! ctvkeng! 27/8! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

27

Uvcvgu.Ukpicrqtg! Htgg! Vtcfg! Citggogpv=!

28

)3*! rctcitcrj! 5! qh! ctvkeng! 28/;! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

29

Uvcvgu.Cwuvtcnkc! Htgg! Vtcfg! Citggogpv=! qt!

2;

)4*! rctcitcrj! 5! qh! ctvkeng! 26/;! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

31

Uvcvgu.Oqtqeeq! Htgg! Vtcfg! Citggogpv/!

32

U /! 631/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

33 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf!vq!cwvjqtk|g!qt! kuuwg! c!pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{!

34 ngvvgt!kp!eqpvtcxgpvkqp!qh!cp{!qh!vjg!hqnnqykpi!ncyu!cwvjqt.

35 k|kpi!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Dwtgcw!qh!Kpxguvkicvkqp!vq!kuuwg!pcvkqpcn!

36 ugewtkv{! ngvvgtu<! Vjg! Tkijv! vq! Hkpcpekcn! Rtkxce{! Cev=! Vjg!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
802 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;1 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 358 of 421

;2!

2 Gngevtqpke! Eqoowpkecvkqpu! Rtkxce{! Cev=! Vjg! Hckt! Etgfkv!

3 Tgrqtvkpi! Cev=! Vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 2;58=! WUC!

4 RCVTKQV!Cev=!cpf!vjg!ncyu!cogpfgf!d{!vjgug!Cevu/!

5

U /!632/!Kh!cv!cp{!vkog!fwtkpi!cp{!swctvgt-!vjg!rtq.

6 itco! ocpcigt! qh! c! rtqlgev! ykvjkp! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! qh! vjg!

7 Fgrctvogpvu!qh!Eqoogteg!qt!Lwuvkeg-!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Cgtq.

8 pcwvkeu!cpf!Urceg!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp-!qt!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Uekgpeg!

9 Hqwpfcvkqp! vqvcnkpi! oqtg! vjcp! %86-111-111! jcu! tgcuqp.

; cdng! ecwug! vq! dgnkgxg! vjcv! vjg! vqvcn! rtqitco! equv! jcu! kp.

21 etgcugf!d{!21!rgtegpv!qt!oqtg-!vjg!rtqitco!ocpcigt!ujcnn!

22 koogfkcvgn{! kphqto! vjg! tgurgevkxg! Ugetgvct{-! Cfokpku.

23 vtcvqt-! qt! Fktgevqt/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{-! Cfokpkuvtcvqt-! qt! Fk.

24 tgevqt! ujcnn! pqvkh{! vjg! Jqwug! cpf! Ugpcvg! Eqookvvggu! qp!

25 Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!ykvjkp!41!fc{u!kp!ytkvkpi!qh!uwej!kpetgcug-!

26 cpf! ujcnn! kpenwfg! kp! uwej! pqvkeg<! vjg! fcvg! qp! yjkej! uwej!

27 fgvgtokpcvkqp! ycu! ocfg=! c! uvcvgogpv! qh! vjg! tgcuqpu! hqt!

28 uwej!kpetgcugu=!vjg!cevkqp!vcmgp!cpf!rtqrqugf!vq!dg!vcmgp!

29 vq!eqpvtqn!hwvwtg!equv!itqyvj!qh!vjg!rtqlgev=!ejcpigu!ocfg!

2; kp!vjg!rgthqtocpeg!qt!uejgfwng!oknguvqpgu!cpf!vjg!fgitgg!

31 vq! yjkej! uwej! ejcpigu! jcxg! eqpvtkdwvgf! vq! vjg! kpetgcug!

32 kp! vqvcn! rtqitco! equvu! qt! rtqewtgogpv! equvu=! pgy! guvk.

33 ocvgu! qh! vjg! vqvcn! rtqlgev! qt! rtqewtgogpv! equvu=! cpf! c!

34 uvcvgogpv!xcnkfcvkpi!vjcv!vjg!rtqlgevu!ocpcigogpv!uvtwe.

35 vwtg! ku! cfgswcvg! vq! eqpvtqn! vqvcn! rtqlgev! qt! rtqewtgogpv!

36 equvu/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
803 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;2 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 359 of 421

;3!

2

U /! 633/! Hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! d{! vjku! Cev-! qt! ocfg!

3 cxckncdng! d{! vjg! vtcpuhgt! qh! hwpfu! kp! vjku! Cev-! hqt! kpvgn.

4 nkigpeg! qt! kpvgnnkigpeg! tgncvgf! cevkxkvkgu! ctg! fggogf! vq! dg!

5 urgekhkecnn{!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!vjg!Eqpitguu!hqt!rwtrqugu!qh!uge.

6 vkqp!615!qh!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Ugewtkv{!Cev!qh!2;58!)61!W/U/E/!

7 525*! fwtkpi! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! wpvkn! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjg!

8 Kpvgnnkigpeg!Cwvjqtk|cvkqp!Cev!hqt!hkuecn!{gct!3126/!

9

U /! 634/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! qt! qvjgt.

; ykug!ocfg!cxckncdng!d{!vjku!Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!gpvgt!kpvq!

21 c! eqpvtcev! kp! cp! coqwpv! itgcvgt! vjcp! %6-111-111! qt! vq!

22 cyctf! c! itcpv! kp! gzeguu! qh! uwej! coqwpv! wpnguu! vjg! rtq.

23 urgevkxg! eqpvtcevqt! qt! itcpvgg! egtvkhkgu! kp! ytkvkpi! vq! vjg!

24 cigpe{! cyctfkpi! vjg! eqpvtcev! qt! itcpv! vjcv-! vq! vjg! dguv!

25 qh!kvu!mpqyngfig!cpf! dgnkgh-!vjg!eqpvtcevqt! qt!itcpvgg!jcu!

26 hkngf! cnn! Hgfgtcn! vcz! tgvwtpu! tgswktgf! fwtkpi! vjg! vjtgg!

27 {gctu! rtgegfkpi! vjg! egtvkhkecvkqp-! jcu! pqv! dggp! eqpxkevgf!

28 qh! c! etkokpcn! qhhgpug! wpfgt! vjg! Kpvgtpcn! Tgxgpwg! Eqfg! qh!

29 2;97-! cpf! jcu! pqv-! oqtg! vjcp! ;1! fc{u! rtkqt! vq! egtvkhk.

2; ecvkqp-!dggp!pqvkhkgf!qh!cp{!wprckf!Hgfgtcn!vcz!cuuguuogpv!

31 hqt! yjkej! vjg! nkcdknkv{! tgockpu! wpucvkuhkgf-! wpnguu! vjg! cu.

32 uguuogpv! ku! vjg! uwdlgev! qh! cp! kpuvcnnogpv! citggogpv! qt!

33 qhhgt!kp!eqortqokug!vjcv!jcu!dggp!crrtqxgf!d{!vjg!Kpvgt.

34 pcn! Tgxgpwg! Ugtxkeg! cpf! ku! pqv! kp! fghcwnv-! qt! vjg! cuuguu.

35 ogpv! ku! vjg! uwdlgev! qh! c! pqp.htkxqnqwu! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! qt!

36 lwfkekcn!rtqeggfkpi/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
804 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;3 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 360 of 421

;4!

2

!

3

U /! 635/! )c*! Qh! vjg! wpqdnkicvgf! dcncpegu! cxckncdng!

4 hqt! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Eqoogteg-! Fgrctvogpvcn! Ocpcig.

5 ogpv-! Htcpejkug! Hwpf-! %3-;17-111! ku! jgtgd{! tguekpfgf/!

6

)d*! Qh! vjg! wpqdnkicvgf! dcncpegu! cxckncdng! vq! vjg! Fg.

7 rctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! vjg! hqnnqykpi! hwpfu! ctg! jgtgd{! tg.

8 uekpfgf-!pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!Ugrvgodgt!41-!3126-!htqo!vjg!hqn.

9 nqykpi!ceeqwpvu!kp!vjg!urgekhkgf!coqwpvu•!

;

)2*! Yqtmkpi! Ecrkvcn! Hwpf-! %65-111-111=!

21

)3*! Ngicn! Cevkxkvkgu-! Cuugvu! Hqthgkvwtg! Hwpf-!

22

%2;4-111-111=!

23

)4*! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Octujcnu! Ugtxkeg-! Hgfgtcn!

24

Rtkuqpgt! Fgvgpvkqp-! %233-111-111=!

25

)5*! Uvcvg! cpf! Nqecn! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Cevkxk.

26

vkgu-! Qhhkeg! qp! Xkqngpeg! Cickpuv! Yqogp-! Xkqngpeg!

27

Cickpuv! Yqogp! Rtgxgpvkqp! cpf! Rtqugewvkqp! Rtq.

28

itcou-!%23-311-111=!

29

)6*! Uvcvg! cpf! Nqecn! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Cevkxk.

2;

vkgu-! Qhhkeg! qh! Lwuvkeg! Rtqitcou-! %6;-111-111=! cpf!

31

)7*! Uvcvg! cpf! Nqecn! Ncy! Gphqtegogpv! Cevkxk.

32

vkgu-! Eqoowpkv{! Qtkgpvgf! Rqnkekpi! Ugtxkegu-!

33

%37-111-111/!

34

)e*! Vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! ujcnn! uwdokv! vq! vjg!

35 Eqookvvggu!qp!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgrtgugpv.

36 cvkxgu! cpf! vjg! Ugpcvg! c! tgrqtv! pq! ncvgt! vjcp! Ugrvgodgt!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
805 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;4 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 361 of 421

;5!

2 2-! 3126-! urgekh{kpi! vjg! coqwpv! qh! gcej! tguekuukqp! ocfg!

3 rwtuwcpv!vq!uwdugevkqp!)d*/!

4

U /! 636/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

5 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!rwtejcug!hktuv!encuu!qt!rtgokwo!cktnkpg!

6 vtcxgn! kp! eqpvtcxgpvkqp! qh! ugevkqpu! 41221/233! vjtqwij!

7 41221/235!qh!vkvng!52!qh!vjg!Eqfg!qh!Hgfgtcn!Tgiwncvkqpu/!

8

U /! 637/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

9 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!ugpf!qt!qvjgtykug!rc{!hqt!vjg!cvvgpf.

; cpeg! qh! oqtg! vjcp! 61! gornq{ggu! htqo! c! Hgfgtcn! fgrctv.

21 ogpv!qt!cigpe{!cv!cp{!ukping!eqphgtgpeg!qeewttkpi!qwvukfg!

22 vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!wpnguu!uwej!eqphgtgpeg!ku!c!ncy!gphqteg.

23 ogpv! vtckpkpi! qt! qrgtcvkqpcn! eqphgtgpeg! hqt! ncy! gphqteg.

24 ogpv! rgtuqppgn! cpf! vjg! oclqtkv{! qh! Hgfgtcn! gornq{ggu! kp!

25 cvvgpfcpeg! ctg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! uvcvkqpgf! qwv.

26 ukfg!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

27

U /! 638/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! qt! qvjgt.

28 ykug!ocfg!cxckncdng! kp! vjku! Cev! oc{!dg! wugf!kp!c!ocppgt!

29 vjcv!ku!kpeqpukuvgpv!ykvj!vjg!rtkpekrcn!pgiqvkcvkpi!qdlgevkxg!

2; qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vtcfg! tgogf{! ncyu!

31 vq!rtgugtxg!vjg!cdknkv{!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu•!

32

)2*! vq! gphqteg! xkiqtqwun{! kvu! vtcfg! ncyu-! kpenwf.

33

kpi! cpvkfworkpi-! eqwpvgtxcknkpi! fwv{-! cpf! uchgiwctf!

34

ncyu=!

35

)3*! vq! cxqkf! citggogpvu! vjcv•!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
806 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;5 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 362 of 421

;6!

2

)C*! nguugp! vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! fqoguvke!

3

cpf! kpvgtpcvkqpcn! fkuekrnkpgu! qp! wphckt! vtcfg-! gu.

4

rgekcnn{! fworkpi! cpf! uwdukfkgu=! qt!

5

)D*! nguugp! vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! fqoguvke!

6

cpf! kpvgtpcvkqpcn! uchgiwctf! rtqxkukqpu-! kp! qtfgt!

7

vq! gpuwtg! vjcv! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! yqtmgtu-! citkewn.

8

vwtcn! rtqfwegtu-!cpf!hktou!ecp! eqorgvg! hwnn{! qp!

9

hckt! vgtou! cpf! gplq{! vjg! dgpghkvu! qh! tgekrtqecn!

;

vtcfg!eqpeguukqpu=!cpf!

21

)4*! vq! cfftguu! cpf! tgogf{! octmgv! fkuvqtvkqpu!

22

vjcv! ngcf! vq! fworkpi! cpf! uwdukfk|cvkqp-! kpenwfkpi!

23

qxgtecrcekv{-! ectvgnk|cvkqp-! cpf! octmgv.ceeguu! dct.

24

tkgtu/!

25

U /! 639/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! qt! qvjgt.

26 ykug!ocfg!cxckncdng!kp!vjku!qt!cp{!qvjgt!Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!

27 vq! vtcpuhgt-! tgngcug-! qt! cuukuv! kp! vjg! vtcpuhgt! qt! tgngcug! vq!

28 qt!ykvjkp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!kvu!vgttkvqtkgu-!qt!rquuguukqpu!

29 Mjcnkf! Ujgkmj! Oqjcoogf! qt! cp{! qvjgt! fgvckpgg! yjq•!

2;

)2*! ku! pqv! c! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ekvk|gp! qt! c! ogodgt!

31

qh! vjg! Ctogf! Hqtegu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! cpf!

32

)3*! ku! qt! ycu! jgnf! qp! qt! chvgt! Lwpg! 35-! 311;-!

33

cv! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Pcxcn! Uvcvkqp-! Iwcpvcpcoq!

34

Dc{-! Ewdc-! d{! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Fghgpug/!

35

U /!63;/!)c*!Pqpg!qh!vjg!hwpfu!crrtqrtkcvgf!qt!qvj.

36 gtykug!ocfg!cxckncdng!kp!vjku!qt!cp{!qvjgt!Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
807 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;6 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 363 of 421

;7!

2 vq!eqpuvtwev-!ceswktg-!qt!oqfkh{!cp{!hceknkv{!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!

3 Uvcvgu-! kvu! vgttkvqtkgu-! qt! rquuguukqpu! vq! jqwug! cp{! kpfk.

4 xkfwcn! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! fg.

5 vgpvkqp!qt!kortkuqpogpv!kp!vjg!ewuvqf{!qt!wpfgt!vjg!ghhge.

6 vkxg!eqpvtqn!qh!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Fghgpug/!

7

)d*! Vjg! rtqjkdkvkqp! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{!

8 vq! cp{! oqfkhkecvkqp! qh! hceknkvkgu! cv! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Pcxcn!

9 Uvcvkqp-!Iwcpvcpcoq!Dc{-!Ewdc/!

;

)e*! Cp! kpfkxkfwcn! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! uwdugevkqp! ku! cp{!

21 kpfkxkfwcn! yjq-!cu!qh! Lwpg!35-! 311;-! ku!nqecvgf! cv!Wpkvgf!

22 Uvcvgu!Pcxcn!Uvcvkqp-!Iwcpvcpcoq!Dc{-!Ewdc-!cpf!yjq•!

23

)2*! ku! pqv! c! ekvk|gp! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt! c!

24

ogodgt! qh! vjg! Ctogf! Hqtegu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

25

cpf!

26

)3*! ku•!

27

)C*! kp! vjg! ewuvqf{! qt! wpfgt! vjg! ghhgevkxg!

28

eqpvtqn! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Fghgpug=! qt!

29

)D*! qvjgtykug! wpfgt! fgvgpvkqp! cv! Wpkvgf!

2;

Uvcvgu! Pcxcn! Uvcvkqp-! Iwcpvcpcoq! Dc{-! Ewdc/!

31

U /! 641/! Vq! vjg! gzvgpv! rtcevkecdng-! hwpfu! ocfg!

32 cxckncdng!kp!vjku!Cev!ujqwnf!dg!wugf!vq!rwtejcug!nkijv!dwndu!

33 vjcv!ctg!Gpgti{!Uvct!swcnkhkgf!qt!jcxg!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Gp.

34 gti{!Ocpcigogpv!Rtqitco!fgukipcvkqp/!

35

U /!642/!Vjg!Fktgevqt!qh!vjg!Qhhkeg!qh!Ocpcigogpv!

36 cpf! Dwfigv! ujcnn! kpuvtwev! cp{! fgrctvogpv-! cigpe{-! qt! kp.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
808 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;7 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 364 of 421

;8!

2 uvtwogpvcnkv{!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!tgegkxkpi!hwpfu!crrtq.

3 rtkcvgf! wpfgt! vjku! Cev! vq! vtcem! wpfkudwtugf! dcncpegu! kp!

4 gzrktgf!itcpv!ceeqwpvu!cpf!kpenwfg!kp!kvu!cppwcn!rgthqto.

5 cpeg!rncp!cpf!rgthqtocpeg!cpf!ceeqwpvcdknkv{!tgrqtvu!vjg!

6 hqnnqykpi<!

7

)2*! Fgvcknu! qp! hwvwtg! cevkqp! vjg! fgrctvogpv-!

8

cigpe{-! qt! kpuvtwogpvcnkv{! yknn! vcmg! vq! tguqnxg!

9

wpfkudwtugf! dcncpegu! kp! gzrktgf! itcpv! ceeqwpvu/!

;

)3*! Vjg! ogvjqf! vjcv! vjg! fgrctvogpv-! cigpe{-! qt!

21

kpuvtwogpvcnkv{! wugu! vq! vtcem! wpfkudwtugf! dcncpegu!

22

kp! gzrktgf! itcpv! ceeqwpvu/!

23

)4*! Kfgpvkhkecvkqp! qh! wpfkudwtugf! dcncpegu! kp! gz.

24

rktgf! itcpv! ceeqwpvu! vjcv! oc{! dg! tgvwtpgf! vq! vjg!

25

Vtgcuwt{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

26

)5*! Kp! vjg! rtgegfkpi! 4! hkuecn! {gctu-! fgvcknu! qp!

27

vjg! vqvcn! pwodgt! qh! gzrktgf! itcpv! ceeqwpvu! ykvj!

28

wpfkudwtugf! dcncpegu! )qp! vjg! hktuv! fc{! qh! gcej! hkuecn!

29

{gct*! hqt! vjg! fgrctvogpv-! cigpe{-! qt! kpuvtwogpvcnkv{!

2;

cpf! vjg! vqvcn! hkpcpegu! vjcv! jcxg! pqv! dggp! qdnkicvgf!

31

vq! c! urgekhke! rtqlgev! tgockpkpi! kp! vjg! ceeqwpvu/!

32

U /! 643/! )c*! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{!

33 vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Cgtqpcwvkeu! cpf!

34 Urceg! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! )PCUC*! qt! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Uekgpeg!

35 cpf! Vgejpqnqi{! Rqnke{! )QUVR*! vq! fgxgnqr-! fgukip-! rncp-!

36 rtqownicvg-! korngogpv-! qt! gzgewvg! c! dkncvgtcn! rqnke{-! rtq.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
809 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;8 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 365 of 421

;9!

2 itco-! qtfgt-! qt! eqpvtcev! qh! cp{! mkpf! vq! rctvkekrcvg-! eqn.

3 ncdqtcvg-! qt! eqqtfkpcvg! dkncvgtcnn{! kp! cp{! yc{! ykvj! Ejkpc!

4 qt! cp{! Ejkpgug.qypgf! eqorcp{! wpnguu! uwej! cevkxkvkgu! ctg!

5 urgekhkecnn{! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! c! ncy! gpcevgf! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh!

6 gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

7

)d*!Pqpg!qh!vjg!hwpfu!ocfg!cxckncdng!d{!vjku!Cev!oc{!

8 dg!wugf!vq!ghhgevwcvg!vjg!jquvkpi!qh!qhhkekcn!Ejkpgug!xkukvqtu!

9 cv!hceknkvkgu!dgnqpikpi!vq!qt!wvknk|gf!d{!PCUC/!

;

)e*! Vjg! nkokvcvkqpu! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqpu! )c*! cpf!

21 )d*!ujcnn!pqv!crrn{!vq!cevkxkvkgu!yjkej!PCUC!qt!QUVR!jcu!

22 egtvkhkgf•!

23

)2*! rqug! pq! tkum! qh! tguwnvkpi! kp! vjg! vtcpuhgt! qh!

24

vgejpqnqi{-! fcvc-! qt! qvjgt! kphqtocvkqp! ykvj! pcvkqpcn!

25

ugewtkv{! qt! geqpqoke! ugewtkv{! kornkecvkqpu! vq! Ejkpc!

26

qt! c! Ejkpgug.qypgf! eqorcp{=! cpf!

27

)3*! yknn! pqv! kpxqnxg! mpqykpi! kpvgtcevkqpu! ykvj!

28

qhhkekcnu! yjq! jcxg! dggp! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Wpkvgf!

29

Uvcvgu! vq! jcxg! fktgev! kpxqnxgogpv! ykvj! xkqncvkqpu! qh!

2;

jwocp!tkijvu/!

31

)f*! Cp{! egtvkhkecvkqp! ocfg! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )e*! ujcnn!

32 dg! uwdokvvgf! vq!vjg! Eqookvvggu! qp!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!qh!vjg!

33 Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! cpf! vjg! Ugpcvg! pq! ncvgt! vjcp!

34 41!fc{u!rtkqt!vq!vjg!cevkxkv{!kp!swguvkqp!cpf!ujcnn!kpenwfg!

35 c! fguetkrvkqp! qh! vjg! rwtrqug! qh! vjg! cevkxkv{-! kvu! cigpfc-!

36 kvu!oclqt!rctvkekrcpvu-!cpf!kvu!nqecvkqp!cpf!vkokpi/!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
810 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;9 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 366 of 421

;;!

2

U /! 644/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

3 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq! rc{! vjg! ucnctkgu! qt! gzrgpugu! qh! rgt.

4 uqppgn! vq! fgp{-! qt! hckn! vq! cev! qp-! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! vjg!

5 korqtvcvkqp!qh!cp{!oqfgn!qh!ujqviwp!kh•!

6

)2*! cnn! qvjgt! tgswktgogpvu! qh! ncy! ykvj! tgurgev! vq!

7

vjg! rtqrqugf! korqtvcvkqp! ctg! ogv=! cpf!

8

)3*! pq! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! vjg! korqtvcvkqp! qh! uwej!

9

oqfgn! qh! ujqviwp-! kp! vjg! ucog! eqphkiwtcvkqp-! jcf!

;

dggp! fgpkgf! d{! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! rtkqt! vq! Lcpw.

21

ct{! 2-! 3122-! qp! vjg! dcuku! vjcv! vjg! ujqviwp! ycu! pqv!

22

rctvkewnctn{! uwkvcdng! hqt! qt! tgcfkn{! cfcrvcdng! vq!

23

urqtvkpi!rwtrqugu/!

24

U /! 645/! )c*! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp!

25 vjku!Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!ockpvckp!qt!guvcdnkuj!c!eqorwvgt!

26 pgvyqtm! wpnguu! uwej! pgvyqtm! dnqemu! vjg! xkgykpi-!

27 fqypnqcfkpi-!cpf!gzejcpikpi!qh!rqtpqitcrj{/!

28

)d*! Pqvjkpi! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! nkokv! vjg! wug! qh!

29 hwpfu!pgeguuct{!hqt!cp{!Hgfgtcn-!Uvcvg-!vtkdcn-!qt!nqecn!ncy!

2; gphqtegogpv!cigpe{!qt!cp{!qvjgt!gpvkv{!ectt{kpi!qwv!etkok.

31 pcn! kpxguvkicvkqpu-! rtqugewvkqp-! qt! cflwfkecvkqp! cevkxkvkgu/!

32

U /! 646/! Vjg! Fgrctvogpvu! qh! Eqoogteg! cpf! Lwu.

33 vkeg-! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Cgtqpcwvkeu! cpf! Urceg! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp-!

34 cpf!vjg!Pcvkqpcn!Uekgpeg!Hqwpfcvkqp!ujcnn!uwdokv!urgpf.

35 kpi! rncpu-! ukipgf! d{! vjg! tgurgevkxg! fgrctvogpv! qt! cigpe{!

36 jgcf-! vq! vjg! Eqookvvggu! qp! Crrtqrtkcvkqpu! qh! vjg! Jqwug!

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
811 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 367 of 421

211!

2 qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! cpf! vjg! Ugpcvg! ykvjkp! 71! fc{u! chvgt!

3 vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

4

U /! 647/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

5 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq! gpvgt! kpvq! c! eqpvtcev-! ogoqtcpfwo!

6 qh! wpfgtuvcpfkpi-! qt! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpv! ykvj-! ocmg! c!

7 itcpv!vq-!qt!rtqxkfg!c!nqcp!qt!nqcp!iwctcpvgg!vq-!cp{! eqt.

8 rqtcvkqp! vjcv! ycu! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! hgnqp{! etkokpcn! xkqncvkqp!

9 wpfgt! cp{! Hgfgtcn! ncy! ykvjkp! vjg! rtgegfkpi! 35! oqpvju-!

; yjgtg!vjg!cyctfkpi!cigpe{!ku!cyctg!qh!vjg!eqpxkevkqp-!wp.

21 nguu! vjg! cigpe{! jcu! eqpukfgtgf! uwurgpukqp! qt! fgdctogpv!

22 qh!vjg!eqtrqtcvkqp!cpf!jcu!ocfg!c!fgvgtokpcvkqp!vjcv!vjku!

23 hwtvjgt! cevkqp! ku! pqv! pgeguuct{! vq! rtqvgev! vjg! kpvgtguvu! qh!

24 vjg!Iqxgtpogpv/!

25

U /! 648/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

26 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq! gpvgt! kpvq! c! eqpvtcev-! ogoqtcpfwo!

27 qh! wpfgtuvcpfkpi-! qt! eqqrgtcvkxg! citggogpv! ykvj-! ocmg! c!

28 itcpv!vq-!qt!rtqxkfg!c!nqcp!qt!nqcp!iwctcpvgg!vq-!cp{! eqt.

29 rqtcvkqp!vjcv!jcu!cp{!wprckf!Hgfgtcn!vcz!nkcdknkv{!vjcv!jcu!

2; dggp! cuuguugf-! hqt! yjkej! cnn! lwfkekcn! cpf! cfokpkuvtcvkxg!

31 tgogfkgu! jcxg! dggp! gzjcwuvgf! qt! jcxg! ncrugf-! cpf! vjcv!

32 ku!pqv!dgkpi!rckf!kp!c!vkogn{!ocppgt!rwtuwcpv!vq!cp!citgg.

33 ogpv! ykvj! vjg! cwvjqtkv{! tgurqpukdng! hqt! eqnngevkpi! vjg! vcz!

34 nkcdknkv{-!yjgtg!vjg!cyctfkpi!cigpe{!ku!cyctg!qh!vjg!wprckf!

35 vcz! nkcdknkv{-! wpnguu! vjg! cigpe{! jcu! eqpukfgtgf! uwurgpukqp!

36 qt! fgdctogpv! qh! vjg! eqtrqtcvkqp! cpf! jcu! ocfg! c! fgvgt.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
812 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11211 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 368 of 421

212!

2 okpcvkqp! vjcv! vjku! hwtvjgt! cevkqp! ku! pqv! pgeguuct{! vq! rtq.

3 vgev!vjg!kpvgtguvu!qh!vjg!Iqxgtpogpv/!

4

U /! 649/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

5 Cev!oc{!dg!qdnkicvgf!qt!gzrgpfgf!vq!korngogpv!vjg!Ctou!

6 Vtcfg! Vtgcv{! wpvkn! vjg! Ugpcvg! crrtqxgu! c! tguqnwvkqp! qh!

7 tcvkhkecvkqp!hqt!vjg!Vtgcv{/!

8

U /! 64;/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

9 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!tgswktg!c!rgtuqp!nkegpugf!wpfgt!ugevkqp!

; ;34!qh!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!vq!tgrqtv!kphqtocvkqp!

21 vq! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! tgictfkpi! vjg! ucng! qh! own.

22 vkrng!tkhngu!qt!ujqviwpu!vq!vjg!ucog!rgtuqp/!

23

!

24

U /!651/!Vjg!coqwpv!d{!yjkej!vjg!crrnkecdng!cnnqec.

25 vkqp! qh! pgy! dwfigv! cwvjqtkv{! ocfg! d{! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp!

26 Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu!wpfgt!uge.

27 vkqp! 413)d*! qh! vjg! Eqpitguukqpcn! Dwfigv! Cev! qh! 2;85! gz.

28 eggfu!vjg!coqwpv!qh!rtqrqugf!pgy!dwfigv!cwvjqtkv{!ku!%1!

29 )kpetgcugf!d{!%977-111*/!

2;

U /! 652/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

31 Cev!wpfgt!vjg!jgcfkpi!Rcekhke!Eqcuvcn!Ucnoqp!Tgeqxgt{!

32 oc{!dg!wugf!hqt!itcpv!iwkfgnkpgu!qt!tgswktgogpvu!vq!guvcd.

33 nkuj!okpkowo!tkrctkcp!dwhhgtu/!

34

U /! 653/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

35 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!ngcug!qt!rwtejcug!pgy!nkijv!fwv{!xgjk.

36 engu!hqt!cp{!gzgewvkxg!hnggv-!qt!hqt!cp!cigpe{u!hnggv!kpxgp.

fnjknn!qp!FUM8VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

JT! 5771! REU
813 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11212 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 369 of 421

213!

2 vqt{-! gzegrv! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! Rtgukfgpvkcn! Ogoq.

3 tcpfwo•Hgfgtcn! Hnggv! Rgthqtocpeg-! fcvgf! Oc{! 35-!

4 3122/!

5

U /! 654/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

6 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!gpvgt!kpvq!c!eqpvtcev!ykvj!cp{!qhhgtqt!

7 qt!cp{!qh!kvu!rtkpekrcnu!kh!vjg!qhhgtqt!egtvkhkgu-!cu!tgswktgf!

8 d{!Hgfgtcn!Ceswkukvkqp!Tgiwncvkqp-!vjcv!vjg!qhhgtqt!qt!cp{!

9 qh!kvu!rtkpekrcnu•!

;

)2*! ykvjkp! c! vjtgg.{gct! rgtkqf! rtgegfkpi! vjku!

21

qhhgt! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! qt! jcf! c! ekxkn! lwfiogpv!

22

tgpfgtgf! cickpuv! kv! hqt<! eqookuukqp! qh! htcwf! qt! c!

23

etkokpcn! qhhgpug! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! qdvckpkpi-! cv.

24

vgorvkpi! vq! qdvckp-! qt! rgthqtokpi! c! rwdnke! )Hgfgtcn-!

25

Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn*! eqpvtcev! qt! uwdeqpvtcev=! xkqncvkqp! qh!

26

Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! cpvkvtwuv! uvcvwvgu! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg!

27

uwdokuukqp! qh! qhhgtu=! qt! eqookuukqp! qh! godg||ng.

28

ogpv-! vjghv-!hqtigt{-! dtkdgt{-!hcnukhkecvkqp!qt! fguvtwe.

29

vkqp! qh! tgeqtfu-! ocmkpi! hcnug! uvcvgogpvu-! vcz! gxc.

2;

ukqp-! xkqncvkpi! Hgfgtcn! etkokpcn! vcz! ncyu-! qt! tgegkxkpi!

31

uvqngp! rtqrgtv{=!

32

)3*! ctg! rtgugpvn{! kpfkevgf! hqt-! qt! qvjgtykug!

33

etkokpcnn{! qt! ekxknn{! ejctigf! d{! c! iqxgtpogpvcn! gpvk.

34

v{! ykvj-! eqookuukqp! qh! cp{! qh! vjg! qhhgpugu! gpwogt.

35

cvgf! cdqxg! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*=! qt!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 370 of 421

214!

2

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3

qhhgt-! jcu! dggp! pqvkhkgf! qh! cp{! fgnkpswgpv! Hgfgtcn!

4

vczgu! kp! cp! coqwpv! vjcv! gzeggfu! %4-111! hqt! yjkej!

5

vjg! nkcdknkv{! tgockpu! wpucvkuhkgf/!

6

U /! 655/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

7 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!korngogpv!Gzgewvkxg!Qtfgt!Pq/!24658!

8 )86! Hgf/! Tgi/! 54134-! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! uvgyctfujkr! qh!

9 qegcpu-! eqcuvu-! cpf! vjg! Itgcv! Ncmgu*-! kpenwfkpi! vjg! Pc.

; vkqpcn!Qegcp!Rqnke{!fgxgnqrgf!wpfgt!uwej!Gzgewvkxg!qtfgt/!

21

U /! 656/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

22 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!gphqteg!ugevkqp!332!qh!vkvng!24-!Wpkvgf!

23 Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! Cogtkecp! Eqoowpkv{!

24 Uwtxg{/!

25

U /! 657/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

26 Cev! hqt! vjg! FGRCTVOGPV! QH! LWUVKEG

.

27

! oc{! dg! wugf! kp! eqp.

28 vtcxgpvkqp! qh! ugevkqpu! 61;! cpf! 621! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf!

29 Uvcvgu!Eqfg/!

2;

U /! 658/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

31 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq! cuuguu! qt! eqnngev! vjg! hgg! guvcdnkujgf!

32 d{! ugevkqp! 771/226! qh! vkvng! 61-! Eqfg! qh! Hgfgtcn! Tgiwnc.

33 vkqpu/!

34

U /! 659/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

35 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!kp!eqpvtcxgpvkqp!qh!cp{!qh!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 371 of 421

215!

2

)2*! Vjg! hkhvj! cpf! 25vj! cogpfogpvu! vq! vjg! Eqp.

3

uvkvwvkqp! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

4

)3*! Vkvng! XK! qh! vjg! Ekxkn! Tkijvu! Cev! qh! 2;75! )tg.

5

ncvkpi! vq! pqpfkuetkokpcvkqp! kp! hgfgtcnn{! cuukuvgf! rtq.

6

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rtqjkdkvkqp!qh!fkuetkokpcvkqp*/!

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)5*! Ugevkqp! 321512)c*! qh! vjg! Xkqngpv! Etkog! cpf!

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22

rqnkeg! rcvvgtp! qt! rtcevkeg*/!

23

U /! 65;/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

24 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! hqt! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Cgtqpcwvkeu! cpf! Urceg!

25 Cfokpkuvtcvkqpu!Cfxcpegf!Hqqf!Vgejpqnqi{!Rtqlgev/!

26

U /! 661/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

27 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!hqt!c!nqcp!iwctcpvgg!hqt!Kppqxcvkxg!Vgej.

28 pqnqikgu! kp! Ocpwhcevwtkpi! wpfgt! vjg! jgcfkpi! Geqpqoke!

29 Fgxgnqrogpv! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp-! Geqpqoke! Fgxgnqrogpv! Cu.

2; ukuvcpeg!Rtqitcou/!

31

U /! 662/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

32 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq! pgiqvkcvg! cp! citggogpv! vjcv! kpenwfgu!

33 c!yckxgt!qh!vjg!Dw{!Cogtkecp!Cev/!

34

U /! 663/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! vjg!

35 Pcvkqpcn! Uekgpeg! Hqwpfcvkqp! d{! vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 372 of 421

216!

2 gzcokpg! enkocvg! ghhgevu! qp! vgc! swcnkv{! cpf! uqekqgeqpqoke!

3 tgurqpugu!wpfgt!cyctf!pwodgt!2424886EPJ/!

4

U /! 664/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! crrtqrtkcvgf! qt! qvjgt.

5 ykug! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! vq! fgukip-!

6 korngogpv-! cfokpkuvgt-! qt! ectt{! qwv! vjg! W/U/! Inqdcn! Enk.

7 ocvg!Tgugctej!Rtqitco!Pcvkqpcn!Enkocvg!Cuuguuogpv-!vjg!

8 Kpvgtiqxgtpogpvcn! Rcpgn! qp! Enkocvg! Ejcpigu! Hkhvj! Cu.

9 uguuogpv!Tgrqtv-!vjg!Wpkvgf!Pcvkqpu!Cigpfc!32!uwuvckp.

; cdng!fgxgnqrogpv!rncp-!qt!vjg!Oc{!3124!Vgejpkecn!Wrfcvg!

21 qh!vjg!Uqekcn!Equv!qh!Ectdqp!hqt!Tgiwncvqt{!Korcev!Cpcn.

22 {uku!Wpfgt!Gzgewvkxg!Qtfgt!Pq/!23977/!

23

U /! 665/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

24 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!ectt{!qwv!Qrgtcvkqp!Ejqmg!Rqkpv/!

25

U /! 666/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

26 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!rtqxkfg!cuukuvcpeg!vq!c!Uvcvg-!qt!rqnkv.

27 kecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!vjcv!jcu!kp!ghhgev!cp{!ncy-!rqn.

28 ke{-!qt!rtqegfwtg!kp!eqpvtcxgpvkqp!qh!kookitcvkqp!ncyu!)cu!

29 fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)28*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pc.

2; vkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c*)28***/!

31

U /! 667/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

32 Cev! oc{! dg! wugf! hqt! vjg! Kpxguvkicvkxg! cpf! Rwdnke! Chhcktu!

33 Wpkv!qh!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Dwtgcw!qh!Kpxguvkicvkqp!gzegrv!hqt!vjg!

34 Vgp!Oquv!Ycpvgf!Hwikvkxgu-!vjg!Oquv!Ycpvgf!Vgttqtkuvu-!

35 cpf!okuukpi!ejknftgp!rtqitcou/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 373 of 421

217!

2

U /! 668/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

3 Cev!vq!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!rtgxgpv!

4 c!Uvcvg!htqo!korngogpvkpi!kvu!qyp!Uvcvg!ncyu!vjcv!cwvjqt.

5 k|g! vjg! wug-! fkuvtkdwvkqp-! rquuguukqp-! qt! ewnvkxcvkqp! qh! kp.

6 fwuvtkcn! jgor-! cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 8717! qh! vjg! Citkewn.

7 vwtcn!Cev!qh!3125!)Rwdnke!Ncy!2248;*/!

8

U /! 669/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

9 Cev! vq! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! oc{! dg! wugf-! ykvj! tg.

; urgev! vq! vjg! Uvcvgu! qh! Cncdcoc-! Cncumc-! Ctk|qpc-! Ecnk.

21 hqtpkc-! Eqnqtcfq-! Eqppgevkewv-! Fgncyctg-! Fkuvtkev! qh! Eq.

22 nwodkc-! Hnqtkfc-! Jcyckk-! Knnkpqku-! Kqyc-! Mgpvwem{-! Ockpg-!

23 Oct{ncpf-! Ocuucejwugvvu-! Okejkicp-! Okppguqvc-! Oku.

24 ukuukrrk-! Okuuqwtk-! Oqpvcpc-! Pgxcfc-! Pgy! Jcorujktg-!

25 Pgy! Lgtug{-! Pgy! Ogzkeq-! Qtgiqp-! Tjqfg! Kuncpf-! Uqwvj!

26 Ectqnkpc-! Vgppguugg-! Wvcj-! Xgtoqpv-! Ycujkpivqp-! cpf!

27 Ykueqpukp-!vq!rtgxgpv!uwej!Uvcvgu!htqo!korngogpvkpi!vjgkt!

28 qyp! Uvcvg! ncyu! vjcv! cwvjqtk|g! vjg! wug-! fkuvtkdwvkqp-! rqu.

29 uguukqp-!qt!ewnvkxcvkqp!qh!ogfkecn!octklwcpc/!

2;

U /! 66;/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

31 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!vtcpuhgt!qt!vgorqtctkn{!cuukip!gornq{.

32 ggu! vq! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! vjg! Rctfqp! Cvvqtpg{! hqt! vjg! rwtrqug!

33 qh!uetggpkpi!engogpe{!crrnkecvkqpu/!

34

U /! 671/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

35 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!kp!eqpvtcxgpvkqp!qh!ugevkqp!8717!)Ngikv.

36 koce{! qh! Kpfwuvtkcn! Jgor! Tgugctej*! qh! vjg! Citkewnvwtcn!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 374 of 421

218!

2 Cev! qh! 3125! )Rwdnke! Ncy! 2248;*! d{! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

3 Lwuvkeg!qt!vjg!Ftwi!Gphqtegogpv!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp/!

4

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5 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!eqorgn!c!lqwtpcnkuv!qt!tgrqtvgt!vq!vgu.

6 vkh{! cdqwv! kphqtocvkqp! qt! uqwtegu! vjcv! vjg! lqwtpcnkuv! qt!

7 tgrqtvgt! uvcvgu! kp! c! oqvkqp! vq! swcuj! vjg! uwdrqgpc! vjcv!

8 jg! jcu! qdvckpgf! cu! c! lqwtpcnkuv! qt! tgrqtvgt! cpf! vjcv! jg!

9 tgictfu!cu!eqphkfgpvkcn/!

;

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21 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!tgnkpswkuj!vjg!tgurqpukdknkv{!qh!vjg!Pc.

22 vkqpcn! Vgngeqoowpkecvkqpu! cpf! Kphqtocvkqp! Cfokpkuvtc.

23 vkqp! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! Kpvgtpgv! fqockp! pcog! u{uvgo! hwpe.

24 vkqpu-!kpenwfkpi!tgurqpukdknkv{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! cwvjqtk.

25 vcvkxg! tqqv! |qpg! hkng! cpf! vjg! Kpvgtpgv! Cuukipgf! Pwodgtu!

26 Cwvjqtkv{!hwpevkqpu/!

27

U /! 674/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! kp! vjku!

28 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!d{!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!vq!gphqteg!

29 vjg! Hckt! Jqwukpi! Cev! kp! c! ocppgt! vjcv! tgnkgu! wrqp! cp!

2; cnngicvkqp!qh!nkcdknkv{!wpfgt!35!EHT!211/611/!

31

U /! 675/! Pqpg! qh! vjg! hwpfu! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjku!

32 Cev!wpfgt!vjg!jgcfkpi!Fgrctvogpv!qh!LwuvkegQhhkeg!qh!

33 Lwuvkeg!Rtqitcou•Uvcvg!cpf!Nqecn!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Cu.

34 ukuvcpeg! oc{! dg! wugf! kp! eqpvtcxgpvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 753)c*!

35 qh!vjg!Knngicn!Kookitcvkqp!Tghqto!cpf!Kookitcpv!Tgurqp.

36 ukdknkv{!Cev!qh!2;;7!)9!W/U/E/!2484)c**/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 375 of 421

219!

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3 Cev!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!pgiqvkcvg!qt!gpvgt!kpvq!c!vtcfg!citgg.

4 ogpv!vjcv!guvcdnkujgu!c!nkokv!qp!itggpjqwug!icu!gokuukqpu/!

5 Vjg!nkokvcvkqp! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! kp!

6 vjg!ecug!qh!vjg!cfokpkuvtcvkqp!qh!c!vcz!qt!vctkhh/!

7

Vjku! Cev! oc{! dg! ekvgf! cu! vjg! Eqoogteg-! Lwuvkeg-!

8 Uekgpeg-!cpf!Tgncvgf!Cigpekgu!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev-!3126/!

Rcuugf! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! Oc{! 41! )ngiku. ncvkxg! fc{! Oc{! 3;*-! 3125/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 376 of 421 821 XgtFcvg!Oct!26!3121! 11<33!Lwp!22-!3125 Lmv!14;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1121; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J5771/REU J5771

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3 vkxgu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!qh!Cogtkec!kp!Eqpitguu!cuugodngf-!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 379 of 421

3!

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VKVNG! K•RCTQNG! CWVJQTKV[!
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fcvg/! Uge/ 215/ Cfokuukqp! cpf! ncyhwn! rtgugpeg! tgswktgf! hqt! gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|c.
vkqp/!

VKVNG! KK•NKOKVCVKQP! QP! GZGEWVKXG! QXGTTGCEJ!
Uge/ 312/ Fgpkcn!qh!hwpfu!hqt!korngogpvcvkqp!qh!wpcwvjqtk|gf!cevkqpu/! Uge/ 313/ KEG!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Cxckncdknkv{!Rc{!)NGCR*!gnkikdknkv{/!

VKVNG! KKK•WPCEEQORCPKGF! CNKGP! EJKNFTGP!
Uge/ 412/ Tgrcvtkcvkqp!qh!wpceeqorcpkgf!cnkgp!ejknftgp/! Uge/ 413/ Urgekcn! kookitcpv! lwxgpkng! uvcvwu! hqt! kookitcpvu! wpcdng! vq! tgwpkvg!
ykvj!gkvjgt!rctgpv/! Uge/ 414/ Oqfkhkecvkqpu! vq! rtghgtgpvkcn! cxckncdknkv{! hqt! cu{nwo! hqt! wpceeqo.
rcpkgf! cnkgp! okpqtu/! Uge/ 415/ Wpceeqorcpkgf!cnkgp!ejknf!fghkpgf/!

VKVNG! KX•GNKIKDKNKV[! ETKVGTKC! HQT! CNKGPU! VQ! TGEGKXG! EGTVCKP! DGPGHKVU!
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Uge/ 514/ Cnkgpu! rctqngf! kpvq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! kpgnkikdng! hqt! Hgfgtcn! rwdnke! dgpghkvu/!

VKVNG! X•UVCVG! CPF! NQECN! GPHQTEGOGPV! QH! VJG! KOOKITCVKQP! NCYU!
Uge/ 612/ Fghkpkvkqpu/! Uge/ 613/ Kookitcvkqp!ncy!gphqtegogpv!d{!Uvcvgu!cpf!nqecnkvkgu/! Uge/ 614/ Koowpkv{/! Uge/ 615/ Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!
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rqtvcdng! cnkgpu! kfgpvkhkgf! wpfgt! vjg! kpvgtqrgtcdng! ncy! gphqteg. ogpv! cpf! kpvgnnkigpeg! gngevtqpke! fcvc! u{uvgo/!

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thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 380 of 421

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VKVNG! XKK•OKUEGNNCPGQWU!
Uge/ 812/ Uwurgpukqp!qh!ghhgevkxgpguu!qh!egtvckp!ncyu/! Uge/ 813/ Vgorqtct{!rtqvgevgf!uvcvwu!tghqto/!

2 UGE/!3/!UGXGTCDKNKV[/!

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Kh!cp{!rtqxkukqp!qh!vjku!Cev-!qt!vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qh!uwej!

4 rtqxkukqp! vq! cp{! rgtuqp! qt! ektewouvcpeg-! ku! jgnf! kpxcnkf-!

5 vjg!tgockpfgt!qh!vjku!Cev-!cpf!vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qh!uwej!rtq.

6 xkukqp! vq! qvjgt! rgtuqpu! pqv! ukoknctn{! ukvwcvgf! qt! vq! qvjgt!

7 ektewouvcpegu-! ujcnn! pqv! dg! chhgevgf! d{! uwej! kpxcnkfcvkqp/!

8 VKVNG!KRCTQNG!CWVJQTKV[!

9 UGE/!212/!RCTQNG!TGHQTO/!

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2;

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 381 of 421

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31

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33

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 382 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 383 of 421

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 384 of 421

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32

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33

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35

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 385 of 421

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3 uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!hktuv!fc{!qh!vjg!hktuv!

4 oqpvj!dgikppkpi!oqtg!vjcp!71!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!

5 gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

6 UGE/!213/!CFLWUVOGPV!QH!UVCVWU!NKOKVGF!VQ!CNKGPU!CF.

7

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9 )9! W/U/E/! 2366*! ku! cogpfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! d{! uvtkmkpi!

; qt!rctqngf/!

21 UGE/!214/!RTGUGPEG!KP!VJG!WPKVGF!UVCVGU!RWTUWCPV!VQ!

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23

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24 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2264)g*)4**!ku!cogpfgf•!

25

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26

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27

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28

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31

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32

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33

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34

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35

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36

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 386 of 421

;! 2 UGE/! 215/! CFOKUUKQP! CPF! NCYHWN! RTGUGPEG! TGSWKTGF!

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5 cnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2435c)j*)4**!ku!cogpfgf•!

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24

GZGEWVKXG!QXGTTGCEJ!

25 UGE/!312/!FGPKCN!QH!HWPFU!HQT!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!WP.

26

CWVJQTK\GF!CEVKQPU/!

27

Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!pq!hwpfu!

28 qt!hggu!ocfg!cxckncdng!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

29 tkv{-! qt! vq! vjg! jgcf! qh! cp{! qvjgt! Hgfgtcn! cigpe{-! oc{! dg!

2; wugf! vq! korngogpv-! cfokpkuvgt-! gphqteg-! qt! ectt{! qwv! )kp.

31 enwfkpi! vjtqwij! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! tgiwncvkqpu*! cp{! qh!

32 vjg! rqnke{! ejcpigu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjg! hqnnqykpi! ogoqtcpfc<!

33

)2*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

34

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

35

vngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqtegogpv<! Rtkqtkvkgu! hqt!

36

vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp-! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh!

37

Cnkgpu! )Octej! 3-! 3122*/!

•JT! 2;2! KJ
831 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1111; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 387 of 421

21!

2

)3*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

3

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

4

vngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugewvqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! Eqpukuvgpv!

5

ykvj! vjg! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqtegogpv! Rtkqtkvkgu! qh!

6

vjg! Cigpe{! hqt! vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp-! cpf!

7

Tgoqxcn! qh! Cnkgpu! )Lwpg! 28-! 3122*/!

8

)4*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

9

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

;

vngf! Rtqugewvqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp<! Egtvckp! Xkevkou-! Ykv.

21

pguugu-! cpf! Rnckpvkhhu! )Lwpg! 28-! 3122*/!

22

)5*! Vjg! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! Kookitcvkqp! Ugtx.

23

kegu! rqnke{! ogoqtcpfwo! gpvkvngf! Tgxkugf! Iwkfcpeg!

24

hqt! vjg! Tghgttcn! qh! Ecugu! cpf! Kuuwcpeg! qh! Pqvkegu! vq!

25

Crrgct! )PVCu*! kp! Ecugu! Kpxqnxkpi! Kpcfokuukdng! cpf!

26

Tgoqxcdng! Cnkgpu! )Pqxgodgt! 28-! 3122*/!

27

)6*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtkpekrcn! Ngicn!

28

Cfxkuqt! qh! W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqteg.

29

ogpv! gpvkvngf! Ecug.d{.Ecug! Tgxkgy! qh! Kpeqokpi!

2;

cpf! Egtvckp! Rgpfkpi! Ecugu! )Pqxgodgt! 28-! 3122*/!

31

)7*! Vjg! tgeqoogpfcvkqpu! kpenwfgf! kp! vjg! tgrqtv!

32

htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!W/U/! Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Ewuvqou!

33

Gphqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! KEG! Tgurqpug! vq! vjg! Vcum!

34

Hqteg! qp! Ugewtg! Eqoowpkvkgu! Hkpfkpiu! cpf! Tge.

35

qoogpfcvkqpu! )Crtkn! 38-! 3123*/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
832 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11121 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 388 of 421

22!

2

)8*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

3

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugew.

4

vqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Kpfkxkfwcnu! Yjq!

5

Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejknftgp! )Lwpg! 26-!

6

3123*/!

7

)9*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

8

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

9

vngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqtegogpv<! Iwkfcpeg! qp!

;

vjg! Wug! qh! Fgvckpgtu! kp! vjg! Hgfgtcn-! Uvcvg-! Nqecn-!

21

cpf! Vtkdcn! Etkokpcn! Lwuvkeg! U{uvgou! )Fgegodgt!

22

32-!3123*/!

23

);*! Vjg! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! Kookitcvkqp! Ugtx.

24

kegu! rqnke{! ogoqtcpfwo! gpvkvngf! Cflwfkecvkqp! qh!

25

Cflwuvogpv! qh! Uvcvwu! Crrnkecvkqpu! hqt! Kpfkxkfwcnu!

26

Cfokvvgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Wpfgt! vjg! Xkuc! Yckx.

27

gt! Rtqitco! )Pqxgodgt! 25-! 3124*/!

28

)21*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

29

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Uqwvjgtp! Dqtfgt! cpf!

2;

Crrtqcejgu! Ecorckip! )Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

31

)22*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

32

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! hqt! vjg! Crrtg.

33

jgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh! Wpfqewogpvgf!

34

Kookitcpvu! )Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
833 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11122 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 389 of 421

23!

2

)23*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

3

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Ugewtg! Eqoowpkvkgu!

4

)Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

5

)24*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

6

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugew.

7

vqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Kpfkxkfwcnu! Yjq!

8

Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejknftgp! cpf! ykvj! Tg.

9

urgev! vq! Egtvckp! Kpfkxkfwcnu! Yjq! Ctg! vjg! Rctgpvu! qh!

;

W/U/! Ekvk|gpu! qt! Rgtocpgpv! Tgukfgpvu! )Pqxgodgt!

21

31-!3125*/!

22

)25*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

23

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzrcpukqp! qh! vjg! Rtq.

24

xkukqpcn! Yckxgt! Rtqitco! )Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

25

)26*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

26

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! Uwrrqtvkpi!

27

W/U/! Jkij.Umknngf! Dwukpguugu! cpf! Yqtmgtu! )Pq.

28

xgodgt!31-!3125*/!

29

)27*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

2;

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Hcoknkgu! qh! W/U/!

31

Ctogf! Hqtegu! Ogodgtu! cpf! Gpnkuvggu! )Pqxgodgt!

32

31-!3125*/!

33

)28*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

34

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Fktgevkxg! vq! Rtqxkfg!

35

Eqpukuvgpe{! Tgictfkpi! Cfxcpeg! Rctqng! )Pqxgodgt!

36

31-!3125*/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
834 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11123 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 390 of 421

24!

2

)29*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

3

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! vq! Rtqoqvg!

4

cpf! Kpetgcug! Ceeguu! vq! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr! )Pqxgodgt!

5

31-!3125*/!

6

)2;*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! gpvk.

7

vngf! Oqfgtpk|kpi! cpf! Uvtgconkpkpi! vjg! W/U/! Kook.

8

itcpv! Xkuc! U{uvgo! hqt! vjg! 32uv! Egpvwt{! )Pqxgodgt!

9

32-!3125*/!

;

)31*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! gpvk.

21

vngf! Etgcvkpi! Ygneqokpi! Eqoowpkvkgu! cpf! Hwnn{!

22

Kpvgitcvkpi! Kookitcpvu! cpf! Tghwiggu! )Pqxgodgt!

23

32-!3125*/!

24 UGE/! 313/! KEG! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! CXCKNCDKNKV[! RC[!

25

)NGCR*!GNKIKDKNKV[/!

26

)c*! C

R

NG

/•!

27 Ugevkqp! 6656c! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku! cogpfgf!

28 d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

29

)n*! C

E

Q

G.

2;

F

J

U.

31 /•Uwdugevkqpu! )c*! vjtqwij! )j*! qh! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn!

32 crrn{! vq! c! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegt! qh! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Gp.

33 hqtegogpv! cpf! Tgoqxcn! Qrgtcvkqpu! qh! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

34 Ewuvqou!Gphqtegogpv//!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
835 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11124 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 391 of 421

25!

2

)d*! C

E

C

!

3 R /•Ugevkqp!9442)4*)G*!qh!vkvng!6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!

4 ku!cogpfgf•!

5

)2*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

6

)3*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! cffkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

7

cpf!

8

)4*! d{! cffkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kk*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

9

)kkk*! tgegkxgf! d{! c! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

;

qhhkegt! qh! vjg! Qhhkeg! qh! Gphqtegogpv! cpf!

21

Tgoqxcn! Qrgtcvkqpu! qh! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

22

Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv-! uwdlgev! vq! cnn! tg.

23

uvtkevkqpu! cpf! gctpkpi! nkokvcvkqpu! korqugf!

24

qp! etkokpcn! kpxguvkicvqtu! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

25

6656c=/!

26

)e*! C

/•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku!

27 ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! ghhgevkxg! cu! qh! vjg! hktuv! fc{! qh! vjg! hktuv!

28 crrnkecdng! rc{! rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! ;1! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh!

29 gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

2; VKVNG!KKKWPCEEQORCPKGF!

31

CNKGP!EJKNFTGP!

32 UGE/!412/!TGRCVTKCVKQP!QH!WPCEEQORCPKGF!CNKGP!EJKN.

33

FTGP/!

34

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 346! qh! vjg! Yknnkco! Ykn.

35 dgthqteg! Vtchhkemkpi! Xkevkou! Rtqvgevkqp! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp!

36 Cev!qh!3119!)9!W/U/E/!2343*!ku!cogpfgf•!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
836 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11125 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 392 of 421

26!

2

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*•!

3

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*•!

4

)k*! d{! cogpfkpi! vjg! jgcfkpi! vq! tgcf!

5

cu! hqnnqyu<! T

!

6

/=!

7

)kk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*=!

8

)K*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug!

9

)k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! yjq! ku! c! pcvkqpcn! qt!

;

jcdkvwcn! tgukfgpv! qh! c! eqwpvt{! vjcv! ku!

21

eqpvkiwqwu! ykvj! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

22

)KK*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

23

cpf! cv! vjg! gpf=!

24

)KKK*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! =!

25

cpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! rgtkqf=! cpf!

26

)KX*! d{! uvtkmkpi! encwug! )kkk*=!

27

)kkk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*•!

28

)K*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug!

29

)k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! )9! W/U/E/! 2212! gv!

2;

ugs/*! oc{! cpf! kpugtvkpi! )9!

31

W/U/E/! 2212! gv! ugs/*=!

32

)KK*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! dg.

33

hqtg! rgtokv! uwej! ejknf! vq! ykvjftcy!

34

vjg! hqnnqykpi<! oc{=! cpf!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
837 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11126 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 393 of 421

27!

2

)KKK*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

3

dghqtg! tgvwtp! uwej! ejknf! vjg! hqn.

4

nqykpi<! ujcnn=! cpf!

5

)kx*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*•!

6

)K*! d{! cogpfkpi! vjg! jgcfkpi! vq!

7

tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<! C

!

8

/=! cpf!

9

)KK*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi!

;

encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

21

qh! Uvcvg! ujcnn! pgiqvkcvg! citggogpvu!

22

dgvyggp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! eqwp.

23

vtkgu! eqpvkiwqwu! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

24

cpf! kpugtvkpi! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg!

25

oc{! pgiqvkcvg! citggogpvu! dgvyggp! vjg!

26

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! cp{! hqtgkip! eqwpvt{!

27

vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{! fgvgtokpgu! crrtq.

28

rtkcvg=! cpf!

29

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )6*)F*•!

2;

)k*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug! )k*-!

31

d{! uvtkmkpi! -! gzegrv! hqt! cp! wpceeqorcpkgf!

32

cnkgp! ejknf! htqo! c! eqpvkiwqwu! eqwpvt{! uwd.

33

lgev! vq! vjg! gzegrvkqpu! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp!

34

)c*)3*-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjq! fqgu! pqv! oggv!

35

vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*=!

36

cpf!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
838 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11127 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 394 of 421

28!

2

)kk*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! dghqtg!

3

vjg! ugokeqnqp! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! -!

4

yjkej! ujcnn! kpenwfg! c! jgctkpi! dghqtg! cp! ko.

5

okitcvkqp! lwfig! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 25! fc{u!

6

chvgt! dgkpi! uetggpgf! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )5*=!

7

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*•!

8

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*•!

9

)k*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! uwdrctc.

;

itcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! 59! jqwtu! cpf! kp.

21

ugtvkpi! 8! fc{u=!

22

)kk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

23

dghqtg! vjg! ugokeqnqp! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! dg.

24

nkgxgf! pqv! vq! oggv! vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwd.

25

ugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*=! cpf!

26

)kkk*!kp! uwdrctcitcrj!)D*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

27

dghqtg! vjg! rgtkqf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! cpf! fqgu!

28

pqv! oggv! vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwdugevkqp!

29

)c*)3*)C*=!cpf!

2;

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! wp.

31

ceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! kp! ewuvqf{! ujcnn! cpf!

32

cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! cp!

33

wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! kp! ewuvqf{•!

34

)C*! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c! ejknf! yjq! fqgu! pqv!

35

oggv! vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*-!

36

ujcnn! vtcpuhgt! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! uwej! ejknf! vq! vjg!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
839 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11128 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 395 of 421

29!

2

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! pqv!

3

ncvgt! vjcp! 41! fc{u! chvgt! fgvgtokpkpi! vjcv! uwej!

4

ejknf! ku! cp! wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! yjq! fqgu!

5

pqv! oggv! uwej! etkvgtkc=! qt!

6

)D*! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! ejknf! yjq! oggvu! vjg!

7

etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*-! oc{!

8

vtcpuhgt! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! uwej! ejknf! vq! vjg! Uge.

9

tgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! chvgt! fg.

;

vgtokpkpi! vjcv! uwej! ejknf! ku! cp! wpceeqorcpkgf!

21

cnkgp! ejknf! yjq! oggvu! uwej! etkvgtkc/=!

22

)4*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

23

)6*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

24

qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! ujcnn! ujctg! ykvj! vjg!

25

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cp{! kphqtocvkqp! tg.

26

swguvgf! qp! c! ejknf! yjq! jcu! dggp! fgvgtokpgf! vq! dg!

27

cp! wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! cpf! yjq! ku! qt! jcu!

28

dggp! kp! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf!

29

Jwocp! Ugtxkegu-! kpenwfkpi! vjg! nqecvkqp! qh! vjg! ejknf!

2;

cpf! cp{! rgtuqp! vq! yjqo! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! ejknf! jcu!

31

dggp! vtcpuhgttgf-! hqt! cp{! ngikvkocvg! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

32

qdlgevkxg-! kpenwfkpi! gphqtegogpv! qh! vjg! kookitcvkqp!

33

ncyu/=! cpf!

34

)5*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*•!

35

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! cv! vjg!

36

gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
840 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11129 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 396 of 421

2;!

2

)F*! K

!

3

/•!

4

)k*! K

!

5

/•Dghqtg! rncekpi!

6

c! ejknf! ykvj! cp! kpfkxkfwcn-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

7

Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! ujcnn! rtqxkfg!

8

vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! tg.

9

ictfkpi! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj!yjqo! vjg! ejknf!

;

yknn!dg!rncegf-!vjg!hqnnqykpi!kphqtocvkqp<!

21

)K*! Vjg! pcog! qh! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn/!

22

)KK*! Vjg! uqekcn! ugewtkv{! pwodgt!

23

qh! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn/!

24

)KKK*! Vjg! fcvg! qh! dktvj! qh! vjg! kp.

25

fkxkfwcn/!

26

)KX*! Vjg! nqecvkqp! qh! vjg! kpfkxkf.

27

wcnu! tgukfgpeg! yjgtg! vjg! ejknf! yknn! dg!

28

rncegf/!

29

)X*! Vjg! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu! qh!

2;

vjg!kpfkxkfwcn-!kh!mpqyp/!

31

)XK*! Eqpvcev! kphqtocvkqp! hqt!

32

vjg!kpfkxkfwcn/!

33

)kk*! U

/•Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c!

34

ejknf! yjq! ycu! crrtgjgpfgf! qp! qt! chvgt!

35

Lwpg! 26-! 3123-! cpf! dghqtg! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

36

gpcevogpv! qh! vjg! Tgrgcn! Gzgewvkxg! Co.

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
841 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1112; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 397 of 421

31!

2

pguv{! Cev! qh! 3126-! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

3

Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! rncegf! ykvj!

4

cp! kpfkxkfwcn-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqxkfg!

5

vjg! kphqtocvkqp! nkuvgf! kp! encwug! )k*! vq! vjg!

6

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! pqv! ncvgt!

7

vjcp! ;1! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

8

ogpv! qh! vjg! Tgrgcn! Gzgewvkxg! Copguv{! Cev!

9

qh! 3126/!

;

)kkk*! C

!

21

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

22

41! fc{u! chvgt! tgegkxkpi! vjg! kphqtocvkqp!

23

nkuvgf! kp! encwug! )k*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

24

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn•!

25

)K*! kp! vjg! ecug! vjcv! vjg! kook.

26

itcvkqp! uvcvwu! qh! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj!

27

yjqo! c! ejknf! ku! rncegf! ku! wpmpqyp-!

28

kpxguvkicvg! vjg! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu! qh!

29

vjcv!kpfkxkfwcn=!cpf!

2;

)KK*! wrqp! fgvgtokpkpi! vjcv! cp!

31

kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj!yjqo!c! ejknf! ku!rncegf!

32

ku! wpncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

33

Uvcvgu-! kpkvkcvg! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu!

34

rwtuwcpv! vq! ejcrvgt! 5! qh! vkvng! KK! qh! vjg!

35

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

36

W/U/E/! 2332! gv! ugs/*/=! cpf!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
842 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11131 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 398 of 421

32!

2

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )6*•!

3

)k*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vq! vjg! itgcvguv!

4

gzvgpv! rtcevkecdng! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! )cv! pq!

5

gzrgpug! vq! vjg! Iqxgtpogpv*=! cpf!

6

)kk*! d{! uvtkmkpi! jcxg! eqwpugn! vq! tgr.

7

tgugpv!vjgo!cpf! kpugtvkpi!jcxg!ceeguu!vq!

8

eqwpugn! vq! tgrtgugpv! vjgo/!

9

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

; vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!wpcwvjqtk|gf!cnkgp!ejknf!cr.

21 rtgjgpfgf!qp!qt!chvgt!Lwpg!26-!3123/!

22 UGE/! 413/! URGEKCN! KOOKITCPV! LWXGPKNG! UVCVWU! HQT! KO.

23

OKITCPVU! WPCDNG! VQ! TGWPKVG! YKVJ! GK.

24

VJGT!RCTGPV/!

25

Ugevkqp! 212)c*)38*)L*)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

26 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)38*)L*)k**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

27 uvtkmkpi! 2! qt! dqvj! qh! vjg! kookitcpvu! rctgpvu! cpf! kp.

28 ugtvkpi!gkvjgt!qh!vjg!kookitcpvu!rctgpvu/!

29 UGE/! 414/! OQFKHKECVKQPU! VQ! RTGHGTGPVKCN! CXCKN.

2;

CDKNKV[! HQT! CU[NWO! HQT! WPCEEQORCPKGF!

31

CNKGP!OKPQTU/!

32

Ugevkqp! 319! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

33 )9!W/U/E/!2269*!ku!cogpfgf•!

34

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)G*=! cpf!

35

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqp! )d*)4*)E*/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
843 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11132 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 399 of 421

33! 2 UGE/!415/!WPCEEQORCPKGF!CNKGP!EJKNF!FGHKPGF/!

3

Ugevkqp! 573)i*)3*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh!

4 3113!)7!W/U/E/!38;)i*)3**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

5

)3*! Vjg! vgto! wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf!

6

)C*! ogcpu! cp! cnkgp! yjq!

7

)k*! jcu! pq! ncyhwn! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu!

8

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

9

)kk*! jcu! pqv! cvvckpgf! 29! {gctu! qh! cig=!

;

cpf!

21

)kkk*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjqo!

22

)K*! vjgtg! ku! pq! rctgpv! qt! ngicn!

23

iwctfkcp! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

24

)KK*! pq! rctgpv! qt! ngicn! iwctfkcp!

25

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ku! cxckncdng! vq!

26

rtqxkfg! ectg! cpf! rj{ukecn! ewuvqf{=! qt!

27

)KKK*! pq! ukdnkpi! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh!

28

cig-! cwpv-! wpeng-! itcpfrctgpv-! qt!

29

eqwukp! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh! cig! ku! cxckn.

2;

cdng! vq! rtqxkfg! ectg! cpf! rj{ukecn! ewu.

31

vqf{=! gzegrv! vjcv!

32

)D*! uwej! vgto! ujcnn! egcug! vq! kpenwfg! cp!

33

cnkgp! kh! cv! cp{! vkog! c! rctgpv-! ngicn! iwctfkcp-!

34

ukdnkpi! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh! cig-! cwpv-! wpeng-! itcpf.

35

rctgpv-! qt! eqwukp! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh! cig! qh! vjg!

36

cnkgp!ku!hqwpf!kp! vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!cpf!ku!cxckn.

37

cdng! vq! rtqxkfg! ectg! cpf! rj{ukecn! ewuvqf{! )cpf!

•JT! 2;2! KJ
844 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11133 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 400 of 421

34!

2

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg!

3

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! ujcnn!

4

tgxqmg! ceeqtfkpin{! cp{! rtkqt! fgukipcvkqp! qh! vjg!

5

cnkgp!wpfgt!vjku!rctcitcrj*//!

6 VKVNG! KXGNKIKDKNKV[! ETK.

7 VGTKC! HQT! CNKGPU! VQ! TG.

8 EGKXG!EGTVCKP!DGPGHKVU!

9 UGE/! 512/! CNKGPU! YKVJQWV! NCYHWN! UVCVWU! KPGNKIKDNG!

;

VQ! TGEGKXG! UQEKCN! UGEWTKV[! CPF! OGFK.

21

ECTG!DGPGHKVU/!

22

Ugevkqp! 512)d*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

23 Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/!

24 2722)d**!ku!cogpfgf•!

25

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

26

hqnnqykpi<! Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! rctcitcrj-! vjg! vgto!

27

cnkgp! yjq! ku! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

28

ogcpu! cp! cnkgp! yjq! jcu! dggp! cfokvvgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf!

29

Uvcvgu-! cpf! yjqug! rgtkqf! qh! ncyhwn! cfokuukqp! jcu! pqv!

2;

gzrktgf-! cpf! fqgu! pqv! kpenwfg! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ku! rtgugpv!

31

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! rwtuwcpv! vq! c! itcpv! qh! rctqng!

32

wpfgt!ugevkqp!323)f*)6*! qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

33

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)f*)6**/=! cpf!

34

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

35

hqnnqykpi<! Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! rctcitcrj-! vjg! vgto!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
845 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11134 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 401 of 421

35!

2

cnkgp! yjq! ku! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

3

jcu! vjg! ogcpkpi! ikxgp! uwej! vgto! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*//!

4 UGE/! 513/! CRRN[KPI! EKVK\GPUJKR! CPF! KOOKITCVKQP! UVC.

5

VWU! GNKIKDKNKV[! ETKVGTKC! HQT! HGFGTCN!

6

RTQITCOU! VQ! CHHQTFCDNG! ECTG! CEV! DGP.

7

GHKVU/!

8

)c*! C

S

CG

E.

9

CEC!D

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;

)2*! V

.

21

/•Ugevkqp! 2212)f*)2*! qh! vjg!

22

Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53!

23

W/U/E/! 29112)f*)2**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! ku!

24

ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! vjtqwij! uge.

25

vkqp! 2522*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! qt! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

26

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{!

27

cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

28

W/U/E/! 2752**-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj!

29

ugevkqp! 2522/!

2;

)3*! G

.

31

/•Ugevkqp! 2423)h*)4*! qh! uwej! Cev! )53!

32

W/U/E/! 29143)h*)4**! ku! cogpfgf•!

33

)C*! kp! vjg! rctcitcrj! jgcfkpi-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

34



! chvgt! 

=!cpf!

35

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv!

36

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cp! cnkgp!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
846 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11135 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 402 of 421

36!

2

yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

3

542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm!

4

Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

5

W/U/E/! 2752**/!

6

)4*! U

..

7

/•!

8

Ugevkqp! 2442)g*)2*)D*! qh! uwej! Cev! )53! W/U/E/!

9

29162)g*)2*)D**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! ncyhwnn{!

;

rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku!

21

c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg!

22

Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

23

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

24

)5*! V

.

25

!

26

/•Ugevkqp! 47D! qh! vjg! Kpvgtpcn! Tgxgpwg! qh!

27

2;97! ku! cogpfgf•!

28

)C*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*)2*)D*•!

29

)k*! kp! vjg! jgcfkpi-! d{! uvtkmkpi!  .

2;

!

31

! cpf! kpugtvkpi!  .

32

=!cpf!

33

)kk*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cnkgp!

34

ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf!

35

kpugtvkpi! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp!

36

)cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
847 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11136 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 403 of 421

37!

2

Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

3

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**=!

4

cpf!

5

)D*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )g*)3*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! ncy.

6

hwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtv.

7

kpi! yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

8

vkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

9

Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7!

;

)9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

21

)6*! T

.

.

22

/•!

23

Ugevkqp! 2513)g*)3*! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Ch.

24

hqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29182)g*)3**! ku!

25

cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

26

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

27

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{!

28

cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

29

W/U/E/! 2752**/!

2;

)7*! G

/•Ugevkqp!

31

2522! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg!

32

Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29192*! ku! cogpfgf•!

33

)C*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)2*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp!

34

cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf!

35

kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

36

vkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
848 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11137 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 404 of 421

38!

2

Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7!

3

)9! W/U/E/! 2752**=! cpf!

4

)D*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*)3*)D*•!

5

)k*! kp! encwug! )k*)K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp!

6

cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

7

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

8

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tg.

9

urqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

;

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**=!

21

cpf!

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)kk*! kp! encwug! )kk*)KK*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp!

23

cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

24

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

25

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tg.

26

urqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

27

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

28

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!

29

.

.

2;

/•Ugevkqp! 2523)f*! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvge.

31

vkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29193)f**!

32

ku! cogpfgf•!

33

)C*! kp! vjg! jgcfkpi-! d{! uvtkmkpi! N .

34

R

! cpf! kpugtvkpi! E

-!

35

P

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C =!cpf!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
849 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11138 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 405 of 421

39!

2

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! pqv! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg!

3

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! pqv! ekvk|gpu! qt!

4

pcvkqpcnu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg!

5

swcnkhkgf! cnkgpu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg!

6

Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{!

7

Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

8

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.

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/•Ugevkqp! 6111C)f*)4*! qh! vjg! Kpvgtpcn! Tgx.

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gpwg! Eqfg! qh! 2;97! ku! cogpfgf•!

21

)C*! kp! vjg! jgcfkpi-! d{! uvtkmkpi! 

!

22

! cpf! kpugtvkpi! 

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.

23

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=! cpf!

24

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv!

25

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf!

26

cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn!

27

Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknk.

28

cvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

29

);*! O

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2;

2;14)x*)2*! qh! vjg! Uqekcn! Ugewtkv{! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

31

uvtkmkpi! yjq! ku! pqv! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv!

32

tgukfgpeg! qt! qvjgtykug! rgtocpgpvn{! tgukfkpi! kp! vjg!

33

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! wpfgt! eqnqt! qh! ncy! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

34

yjq! ku! pqv! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

35

542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqt.

36

vwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
850 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11139 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 406 of 421

3;!

2

)d*! E

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4 512)e*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqt.

5 vwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2722)e**! ku!

6 cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi! pgy! rctc.

7 itcrj<!

8

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9

cuukuvcpeg! cpf! dgpghkvu! ctg! vtgcvgf! cu! jgcnvj! dgpghkvu!

;

fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)D*<!

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)C*! Gptqnnogpv! wpfgt! vjg! vgorqtct{! jkij!

22

tkum! jgcnvj! kpuwtcpeg! rqqn! rtqitco! wpfgt! uge.

23

vkqp! 2212! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtf.

24

cdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29112*/!

25

)D*! Rctvkekrcvkqp! kp! cp! Gzejcpig! guvcd.

26

nkujgf! wpfgt! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp!

27

cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev/!

28

)E*! Rctvkekrcvkqp! kp! vjg! jgcnvj! rtqitco!

29

guvcdnkujgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 2442)c*! qh! vjg! Rc.

2;

vkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53!

31

W/U/E/! 29162*/!

32

)F*! Cnnqycpeg! qh! c! vcz! etgfkv! wpfgt! uge.

33

vkqp! 47D! qh! vjg! Kpvgtpcn! Tgxgpwg! Eqfg! qh! 2;97/!

34

)G*! Tgfwevkqp! qh! equv.ujctkpi! wpfgt!

35

swcnkhkgf! jgcnvj! rncpu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 2513! qh! vjg!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
851 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1113; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 407 of 421

41!

2

Rcvkgpv!Rtqvgevkqp!cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg!Cev!)53!

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W/U/E/! 29182*/!

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5

ugevkqp! 2523! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Ch.

6

hqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29193*//!

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9 /•Ugevkqp! 514)e*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

; Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/!

21 2724)e**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi!

22 pgy!rctcitcrj<!

23

)4*! Kp! crrn{kpi! vjku! ugevkqp-! cuukuvcpeg! cpf!

24

dgpghkvu! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 512)e*)4*! ctg! vtgcvgf! cu!

25

Hgfgtcn! ogcpu.vguvgf! rwdnke! dgpghkvu! vq! yjkej! uwd.

26

ugevkqp! )c*! crrnkgu//!

27

)f*!G

F /•!

28

)2*! K

/•Uwdlgev! vq! rctcitcrj! )3*-!

29

vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! crrn{! vq!

2;

eqxgtcig! oqpvju! dgikppkpi! oqtg! vjcp! 231! fc{u!

31

chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev/!

32

)3*! V

/•!

33

Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! yjq! ku! dgkpi! rtqxkfgf!

34

cuukuvcpeg! qt! dgpghkvu! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*! qh!

35

ugevkqp! 512)e*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

36

Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
852 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11141 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 408 of 421

42!

2

W/U/E/! 2722)e**-! cu! cffgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )d*-! cu! qh!

3

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! cogpf.

4

ogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp! )qvjgt! vjcp! vjg! cogpf.

5

ogpvu! ocfg! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*)9**! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{!

6

ykvj! tgurgev! vq! uwej! cuukuvcpeg! qt! dgpghkvu! rtqxkfgf!

7

vq! uwej! kpfkxkfwcn! hqt! eqxgtcig! oqpvju! dghqtg! Lcpw.

8

ct{! qh! vjg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

9

Cev/!

; UGE/! 514/! CNKGPU! RCTQNGF! KPVQ! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU! KP.

21

GNKIKDNG!HQT!HGFGTCN!RWDNKE!DGPGHKVU/!

22

Ugevkqp! 542)d*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

23 Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/!

24 2752)d**!ku!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkmkpi!rctcitcrj!)5*/!

25 VKVNG! XUVCVG! CPF! NQECN! GP.

26 HQTEGOGPV! QH! VJG! KOOK.

27 ITCVKQP!NCYU!

28 UGE/!612/!FGHKPKVKQPU/!

29

)c*!U F

/•Hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! vkvng-!

2; vjg! vgto! Uvcvg! jcu! vjg! ogcpkpi! ikxgp! vq! uwej! vgto! kp!

31 ugevkqp!212)c*)47*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!

32 )9!W/U/E/!2212)c*)47**/!

33

)d*! U

F

/•Hqt! vjg! rwtrqug! qh! vjku!

34 vkvng-!vjg!vgto!Ugetgvct{!ogcpu!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqog.

35 ncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
853 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11142 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 409 of 421

43! 2 UGE/! 613/! KOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! D[! UVCVGU!

3

CPF!NQECNKVKGU/!

4

Ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkv.

5 kecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! kpxguvkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! cr.

6 rtgjgpf-! cttguv-! fgvckp-! qt! vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{!

7 cnkgpu! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu!

8 qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq! vjg! ucog! gzvgpv! cu! Hgfgtcn! ncy!

9 gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn/! Ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c!

; Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! cnuq!

21 kpxguvkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! crrtgjgpf-! cttguv-! qt! fgvckp! cnkgpu!

22 hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! c!

23 Uvcvg! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! Uvcvg/! Ncy! gphqteg.

24 ogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

25 c! Uvcvg-! oc{! pqv! tgoqxg! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

26 UGE/!614/!KOOWPKV[/!

27

Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!c!ncy!gp.

28 hqtegogpv!qhhkegt!qh!c!Uvcvg!qt!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigp.

29 e{! yjq! ku! cevkpi! ykvjkp! vjg! ueqrg! qh! vjg! qhhkegtu! qhhkekcn!

2; fwvkgu! ujcnn! dg! koowpg-! vq! vjg! ucog! gzvgpv! cu! c! Hgfgtcn!

31 ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegt-!htqo!rgtuqpcn!nkcdknkv{!ctkukpi!qwv!

32 qh! vjg!rgthqtocpeg! qh! cp{! fwv{! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! vkvng-! kp.

33 enwfkpi!vjg!cwvjqtkvkgu!vq!kpxguvkicvg-!kfgpvkh{-!crrtgjgpf-!

34 cttguv-!fgvckp-!qt!vtcpuhgt!vq!Hgfgtcn!ewuvqf{-!cp!cnkgp!hqt!

35 vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg!

36 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!)cu!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)28*!qh!vjg!Ko.

37 okitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c*)28***!qt!

•JT! 2;2! KJ
854 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11143 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 410 of 421

44!

2 vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! c! Uvcvg! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

3 qh!c!Uvcvg/!

4 UGE/! 615/! HGFGTCN! EWUVQF[! QH! KPCFOKUUKDNG! CPF! FG.

5

RQTVCDNG! CNKGPU! KP! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU!

6

CRRTGJGPFGF! D[! UVCVG! QT! NQECN! NCY! GP.

7

HQTEGOGPV/!

8

)c*! K I

/•Vkvng! KK! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

9 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2262! gv! ugs/*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

; kpugtvkpi!chvgt!ugevkqp!351E!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

21 

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24

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25 Q

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26 Uvcvg-! gzgtekukpi! cwvjqtkv{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! crrtgjgp.

27 ukqp! qt! cttguv! qh! cp! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgp! uwd.

28 okvu!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!c!tgswguv!vjcv!

29 vjg! cnkgp! dg! vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!

2; cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! tgiwncvkqp-! qt! rqnke{! vjg! Uge.

31 tgvct{•!

32

)2*! ujcnn! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{! pqv! ncvgt!

33

vjcp! 59! jqwtu! chvgt! vjg! tgswguv! jcu! dggp! kuuwgf! hqn.

34

nqykpi! vjg! eqpenwukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ejctikpi!

35

rtqeguu! qt! fkuokuucn! rtqeguu-! qt! kh! pq! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn!

36

ejctikpi! qt! fkuokuucn! rtqeguu! ku! tgswktgf-! vjg! Uge.

37

tgvct{! ujcnn! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt! cpf! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq!

•JT! 2;2! KJ
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thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 411 of 421

45!

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rtgjgpfgf-! kp! qtfgt! vq! fgvgtokpg! yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp!

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tgngcugf-! qt! tgoqxgf=! qt!

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7

nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpe{! vgorqtctkn{! jqnf! vjg!

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cnkgp! kp! vjgkt! ewuvqf{! qt! vtcpurqtv! vjg! cnkgp! hqt!

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22 ectt{kpi! qwv! ugevkqp! 352)i*)2*-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt!

23 Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!cp!cnkgp!

24 cttguvgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!ujcnn! dg!jgnf!kp!ewuvqf{-!rgpfkpi!

25 vjg! cnkgpu! gzcokpcvkqp! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! kp! c! Hgfgtcn-!

26 eqpvtcev-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp-! lckn-! fgvgpvkqp! egpvgt-! qt!

27 qvjgt!eqorctcdng!hceknkv{/!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtq.

28 xkukqp!qh!ncy-!tgiwncvkqp!qt!rqnke{-!uwej!hceknkv{!ku!cfgswcvg!

29 hqt!fgvgpvkqp-!kh•!

2;

)2*! uwej! c! hceknkv{! ku! vjg! oquv! uwkvcdn{! nqecvgf!

31

Hgfgtcn-! eqpvtcev-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! hceknkv{! cxckncdng! hqt!

32

uwej! rwtrqug! wpfgt! vjg! ektewouvcpegu=!

33

)3*! cp! crrtqrtkcvg! cttcpigogpv! hqt! uwej! wug!

34

qh! vjg! hceknkv{! ecp! dg! ocfg=! cpf!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
856 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11145 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 412 of 421

46!

2

)4*! vjg! hceknkv{! ucvkuhkgu! vjg! uvcpfctfu! hqt! vjg!

3

jqwukpi-! ectg-! cpf! ugewtkv{! qh! rgtuqpu! jgnf! kp! ewu.

4

vqf{! d{! c! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Octujcn/!

5

)e*! T

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

6 Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!tgkodwtug!c!Uvcvg-!qt!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!

7 qh! c! Uvcvg-! hqt! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! gzrgpugu-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{!

8 vjg! Ugetgvct{-! kpewttgf! d{! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

9 ukqp-! cu! c! tguwnv! qh! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! cpf! vtcpurqtvcvkqp!

; qh!cp!cnkgp!yjq!ku!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng!cu!fguetkdgf!

21 kp! uwdugevkqpu! )c*! cpf! )d*/! Eqorgpucvkqp! rtqxkfgf! hqt!

22 equvu!kpewttgf!wpfgt!uwej!uwdugevkqpu!ujcnn!dg!vjg!cxgtcig!

23 equv! qh! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! c! rtkuqpgt! kp! vjg! tgngxcpv! Uvcvg-!

24 cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! ejkgh! gzgewvkxg! qhhkegt! qh! c! Uvcvg-!

25 qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! rnwu! vjg! equv! qh!

26 vtcpurqtvkpi! vjg! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! rqkpv! qh! crrtgjgpukqp! vq!

27 vjg! rnceg! qh! fgvgpvkqp-! cpf! vq! vjg! ewuvqf{! vtcpuhgt! rqkpv!

28 kh!vjg!rnceg!qh!fgvgpvkqp!cpf!rnceg!qh!ewuvqf{!ctg!fkhhgtgpv/!

29

)f*! U

H

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

2; ncpf!Ugewtkv{! ujcnn!gpuwtg! vjcv! cnkgpu! kpectegtcvgf! rwtuw.

31 cpv!vq!vjku!vkvng!ctg!jgnf!kp!hceknkvkgu!vjcv!rtqxkfg!cp!crrtq.

32 rtkcvg!ngxgn!qh!ugewtkv{/!

33

)g*!V

/•!

34

)2*! K

/•Kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjku! uge.

35

vkqp-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! gu.

36

vcdnkuj! c! tgiwnct! ektewkv! cpf! uejgfwng! hqt! vjg! rtqorv!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
857 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11146 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 413 of 421

47!

2

vtcpuhgt! qh! crrtgjgpfgf! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh!

3

Uvcvgu-! cpf! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! vq! Hgf.

4

gtcn! ewuvqf{/!

5

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/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! gpvgt!

6

kpvq! eqpvtcevu-! kpenwfkpi! crrtqrtkcvg! rtkxcvg! eqp.

7

vtcevu-! vq! korngogpv! vjku! uwdugevkqp//!

8

)d*! E

C

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqpvgpvu!

9 qh!uwej!Cev!ku!cogpfgf!d{!kpugtvkpi!chvgt!vjg!kvgo!tgncvkpi!

; vq!ugevkqp!351E!vjg!hqnnqykpi!pgy!kvgo<!

Uge/ 351F/ Ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu//!

21 UGE/! 616/! UVCVG! ETKOKPCN! CNKGP! CUUKUVCPEG! RTQITCO!

22

)UECCR*/!

23

Ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

24 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)k**!ku!cogpfgf•!

25

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*)C*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! ejctigf!

26

ykvj! qt! dghqtg! eqpxkevgf=! cpf!

27

)3*! d{! cogpfkpi! rctcitcrj! )6*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqn.

28

nqyu<!

29

)6*! Vjgtg!ctg!cwvjqtk|gf!vq! dg!crrtqrtkcvgf! vq!

2;

ectt{! qwv! vjku! uwdugevkqp! uwej! uwou! cu! oc{! dg! pge.

31

guuct{! hqt! hkuecn! {gct! 3126! cpf! gcej! uwdugswgpv! hku.

32

ecn! {gct//!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
858 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11147 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 414 of 421

48! 2 UGE/! 617/! NKOKVCVKQP! QP! UVCVG! TGEGKRV! QH! HGFGTCN!

3

HWPFKPI/!

4

)c*!K I

/•C! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

5 c!Uvcvg!vjcv!jcu!kp!rnceg!c!ncy!qt!rqnke{!fguetkdgf!kp!uwd.

6 ugevkqp!)d*!oc{!pqv!tgegkxg•!

7

)2*! itcpvu! ocfg! wpfgt! uwdrctv! 2! qh! rctv! G! qh!

8

vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg!

9

Uvtggvu! Cev! qh! 2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 4861! gv! ugs/*=!

;

)3*! itcpvu! ocfg! wpfgt! rctv! S! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg!

21

Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh!

22

2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 48;7ff! gv! ugs/*=! qt!

23

)4*! eqorgpucvkqp! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg!

24

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**/!

25

)d*! N

R

F

/•C! ncy! qt! rqnke{!

26 ku!fguetkdgf!kp!vjku!uwdugevkqp!kh!vjg!ncy!qt!rqnke{•!

27

)2*! ku! kp! eqpvtcxgpvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 753)c*! qh! vjg!

28

Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqp.

29

ukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2484)c**=!

2;

)3*! rtqjkdkvu! qt! tguvtkevu! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhk.

31

egtu! qh! vjcv! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! htqo! eqn.

32

ngevkpi! kphqtocvkqp! tgncvkpi! vq! cp! kpfkxkfwcnu! kook.

33

itcvkqp! uvcvwu=! qt!

34

)4*! rtqjkdkvu! qt! tguvtkevu! eqornkcpeg! ykvj-! qt!

35

vjg! jqpqtkpi! qh! fgvckpgtu! kuuwgf! d{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

36

Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
859 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11148 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 415 of 421

49! 2 UGE/!618/!KEG!FGVCKPGTU/!

3

Ugevkqp! 398)f*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

4 Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2468)f**! ku! cogpfgf! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtg.

5 egfkpi! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! tgncvkpi! vq! eqpvtqnngf!

6 uwduvcpegu/!

7 UGE/! 619/! RTGUGTXCVKQP! QH! VJG! UGEWTG! EQOOWPKVKGU!

8

RTQITCO! CPF! TGOQXCN! QH! FGRQTVCDNG!

9

CNKGPU! KFGPVKHKGF! WPFGT! VJG! KPVGTQRGT.

;

CDNG! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! CPF! KPVGN.

21

NKIGPEG!GNGEVTQPKE!FCVC!U[UVGO/!

22

Ugevkqp! 313! qh! vjg! Gpjcpegf! Dqtfgt! Ugewtkv{! cpf!

23 Xkuc!Gpvt{!Tghqto!Cev!qh!3113!)9!W/U/E/!2833*!ku!cogpf.

24 gf•!

25

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf!

26

vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! tgswktgogpvu! qh!

27

vjku! rctcitcrj! ujcnn! kpenwfg-! cv! c! okpkowo-! vjg! qr.

28

gtcvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugewtg! Eqoowpkvkgu! rtqitco-! cu! kp!

29

ghhgev! qp! Pqxgodgt! 2;-! 3125/=! cpf!

2;

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

31

)e*! T

C /•Wrqp! tgegkxkpi! pqvkeg!

32 wpfgt! vjg! kpvgtqrgtcdng! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cpf! kpvgnnkigpeg!

33 gngevtqpke! fcvc! u{uvgo! guvcdnkujgf! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*!

34 vjcv!c!fgrqtvcdng!cnkgp!ku!kp!vjg!ewuvqf{!qh!Hgfgtcn-!Uvcvg-!

35 qt!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

36 tkv{!ujcnn-!hqnnqykpi!vjg!eqpenwukqp!qh!vjg!ejctikpi!rtqeguu-!

37 fkuokuucn! rtqeguu-! qt! eqorngvkqp! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! ugpvgpeg-!

•JT! 2;2! KJ
860 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<3;!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11149 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 416 of 421

4;!

2 cu! crrtqrtkcvg-! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt-! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewu.

3 vqf{-! cpf! kpkvkcvg! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 349!

4 qt!351!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!

5 2339-!233;c*-!cu!crrtqrtkcvg//!

6 VKVNG!XKCU[NWO!TGHQTO!CPF!

7

DQTFGT!RTQVGEVKQP!

8 UGE/! 712/! ENCTKHKECVKQP! QH! KPVGPV! TGICTFKPI! VCZ.

9

RC[GT.RTQXKFGF!EQWPUGN/!

;

Ugevkqp! 3;3! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

21 )9!W/U/E/!2473*!ku!cogpfgf•!

22

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! )cv! pq! gzrgpug! vq! vjg! Iqxgtp.

23

ogpv*=! cpf!

24

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

25 Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! kp! pq! kp.

26 uvcpeg!ujcnn!vjg!Iqxgtpogpv!dgct!cp{!gzrgpug!hqt!eqwpugn!

27 hqt! cp{! rgtuqp! kp! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! qt! kp! cp{! crrgcn!

28 rtqeggfkpiu! dghqtg! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! htqo! cp{! uwej!

29 tgoqxcn!rtqeggfkpiu//!

2; UGE/!713/!ETGFKDNG!HGCT!KPVGTXKGYU/!

31

Ugevkqp! 346)d*)2*)D*)x*!qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!cpf! Pc.

32 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2336)d*)2*)D*)x**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

33 uvtkmkpi! 319/! cpf! kpugtvkpi! 319-! cpf! kv! ku! oqtg! rtqd.

34 cdng! vjcp! pqv! vjcv! vjg! uvcvgogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjg! cnkgp! kp!

35 uwrrqtv!qh!vjg!cnkgpu!encko!ctg!vtwg//!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
861 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1114; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 417 of 421

51! 2 UGE/! 714/! TGEQTFKPI! GZRGFKVGF! TGOQXCN! CPF! ETGF.

3

KDNG!HGCT!KPVGTXKGYU/!

4

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

5 tkv{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! swcnkv{!cuuwtcpeg! rtqegfwtgu! cpf! vcmg!

6 uvgru! vq! ghhgevkxgn{! gpuwtg! vjcv! swguvkqpu! d{! gornq{ggu! qh!

7 vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gzgtekukpi! gzrg.

8 fkvgf!tgoqxcn!cwvjqtkv{!wpfgt!ugevkqp!346)d*!qh!vjg!Kook.

9 itcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2336)d**!ctg!cumgf!

; kp! c! wpkhqto! ocppgt-! cpf! vjcv! dqvj! vjgug! swguvkqpu! cpf!

21 vjg!cpuygtu!rtqxkfgf! kp! tgurqpug!vq!vjgo!ctg!tgeqtfgf!kp!

22 c!wpkhqto!hcujkqp/!

23

)d*! H

T

U

U

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24 Yjgtg!rtcevkecdng-!cp{!uyqtp!qt!ukipgf!ytkvvgp!uvcvgogpv!

25 vcmgp! qh! cp! cnkgp! cu! rctv! qh! vjg! tgeqtf! qh! c! rtqeggfkpi!

26 wpfgt! ugevkqp! 346)d*)2*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

27 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2336)d*)2*)C**! ujcnn! dg! ceeqo.

28 rcpkgf!d{!c!tgeqtfkpi!qh!vjg!kpvgtxkgy!yjkej!ugtxgf!cu!vjg!

29 dcuku!hqt!vjcv!uyqtp!uvcvgogpv/!

2;

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/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!

31 c! eqorgvgpv! kpvgtrtgvgt-! pqv! chhknkcvgf! ykvj! vjg! iqxgtp.

32 ogpv! qh! vjg! eqwpvt{! htqo! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! oc{! encko! cu{.

33 nwo-! ku! wugf! yjgp! vjg! kpvgtxkgykpi! qhhkegt! fqgu! pqv! urgcm!

34 c! ncpiwcig! wpfgtuvqqf! d{! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! vjgtg! ku! pq! qvjgt!

35 Hgfgtcn-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! iqxgtpogpv! gornq{gg! cxckncdng!

36 yjq!ku!cdng!vq!kpvgtrtgv!ghhgevkxgn{-!ceewtcvgn{-!cpf!korct.

37 vkcnn{/!

•JT! 2;2! KJ
862 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11151 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 418 of 421

52!

2

)f*! T

K

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3 Tgeqtfkpiu!qh!kpvgtxkgyu!qh!cnkgpu!uwdlgev!vq!gzrgfkvgf!tg.

4 oqxcn! ujcnn! dg! kpenwfgf! kp! vjg! tgeqtf! qh! rtqeggfkpi! cpf!

5 ujcnn!dg!eqpukfgtgf!cu!gxkfgpeg!kp!cp{!hwtvjgt!rtqeggfkpiu!

6 kpxqnxkpi!vjg!cnkgp/!

7

)g*!P R

T

C /•Pqvjkpi!kp!vjku!

8 ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! etgcvg! cp{! tkijv-! dgpghkv-!

9 vtwuv-!qt!tgurqpukdknkv{-!yjgvjgt!uwduvcpvkxg!qt!rtqegfwtcn-!

; gphqtegcdng!kp!ncy!qt!gswkv{!d{!c!rctv{!cickpuv!vjg!Wpkvgf!

21 Uvcvgu-! kvu! fgrctvogpvu-! cigpekgu-! kpuvtwogpvcnkvkgu-! gpvk.

22 vkgu-!qhhkegtu-!gornq{ggu-!qt!cigpvu-!qt!cp{!rgtuqp-!pqt!fqgu!

23 vjku! ugevkqp! etgcvg! cp{! tkijv! qh! tgxkgy! kp! cp{! cfokpkuvtc.

24 vkxg-!lwfkekcn-!qt!qvjgt!rtqeggfkpi/!

25 UGE/!715/!UCHG!VJKTF!EQWPVT[/!

26

Ugevkqp!319)c*)3*)C*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqp.

27 cnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2269)c*)3*)C**!ku!cogpfgf•!

28

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! cpf! kpugtv.

29

kpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=! cpf!

2;

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! tgoqxgf-! rwtuwcpv! vq! c! dkncv.

31

gtcn! qt! ownvkncvgtcn! citggogpv-! vq! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

32

tgoqxgf! vq/!

thtgfgtkem!qp!FUM7XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2;2! KJ
863 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 11<42!Lcp!24-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11152 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2;2/KJ J2;2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-8 Filed 09/28/17 Page 419 of 421

53!

2 VKVNG!XKKOKUEGNNCPGQWU!

3 UGE/! 812/! UWURGPUKQP! QH! GHHGEVKXGPGUU! QH! EGTVCKP!

4

NCYU/!

5

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6

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-7 Filed 09/28/17 Page 1 of 449
EXHIBIT E-1

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-7 Filed 09/28/17 Page 2 of 449
INDEX
Page(s)
TRUE Enforcement and Border Security Act of 2005 H.R. 4313 109th Cong. (2006)...................................................................................................1
Departments of Commerce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act H.R. 3093 110th Cong. (2008)...............................................................................................190
Loophole Elimination and Verification Enforcement Act of 2008 H.R. 6789 110th Cong. (2008)...............................................................................................281
Loophole Elimination and Verification Enforcement Act of 2009 H.R. 994 111th Cong. (2009).................................................................................................364
Loophole Elimination and Verification Enforcement Act of 2011 H.R. 1196 112th Cong. (2011)...............................................................................................447
Strengthen and Foretify Enforcement Act H.R. 2278 113th Cong. (2013)...............................................................................................531
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act H.R. 4660, 113th Cong. (2015)..............................................................................................713
Repeal Executive Amnesty Act of 2015 H.R. 191114th Cong. (2015)..................................................................................................823
Michael Davis, Jr. in Honor of State and Local Law Enforcement Act H.R. 1148 114th Cong. (2015)...............................................................................................867
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act H.R. 2578, 114th Cong. (2015)............................................................................................1044
Enforce the Law for Sanctuary Cities Act H.R. 3009 114th Cong. (2015).............................................................................................1262
Repeal Executive Amnesty Act of 2015 S. 129 114th Cong. (2015)...................................................................................................1266
Michael Davis, Jr. and Danny Oliver in Honor of State and Local Law Enforcement Act S. 1640 114th Cong. (2015).................................................................................................1309
Improving Cooperation with States and Local Governments and Preventing the Catch and Release of Criminal Aliens Act of 2015 S. 1812 114th Cong. (2015).................................................................................................1483

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-7 Filed 09/28/17 Page 3 of 449
Stop Sanctuary Cities Act S. 1814 114th Cong. (2015).................................................................................................1489

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-7 Filed 09/28/17 Page 4 of 449
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 1 of 443
EXHIBIT E-3

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VKVNG! KX•XKUC! UGEWTKV[!
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 5 of 443

5!
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2 VKVNG! KKOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GP.

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22 ncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

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25 ewouvcpeg-!ku!jgnf!kpxcnkf-!vjg!tgockpfgt!qh!vjku!vkvng-!cpf!

26 vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qh!uwej!rtqxkukqp!vq!qvjgt!rgtuqpu!pqv!ukok.

27 nctn{! ukvwcvgf! qt! vq! qvjgt! ektewouvcpegu-! ujcnn! pqv! dg! ch.

28 hgevgf!d{!uwej!kpxcnkfcvkqp/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 6 of 443

6! 2 UGE/! 213/! KOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! D[! UVCVGU!

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7 oc{!gpcev-!korngogpv!cpf!gphqteg!etkokpcn!rgpcnvkgu!vjcv!

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21 W/U/E/!2212)c*)28***-!cu!nqpi!cu!vjg!etkokpcn!rgpcnvkgu!fq!

22 pqv!gzeggf!vjg!tgngxcpv!Hgfgtcn!etkokpcn!rgpcnvkgu!)ykvjqwv!

23 tgictf!vq!cpeknnct{!kuuwgu!uwej!cu!vjg!cxckncdknkv{!qh!rtqdc.

24 vkqp!qt!rctfqp*/!Uvcvgu-!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!

25 oc{! gpcev-! korngogpv! cpf! gphqteg! ekxkn! rgpcnvkgu! vjcv! rg.

26 pcnk|g!vjg!ucog!eqpfwev!vjcv!ku!rtqjkdkvgf!kp!vjg!ekxkn!rtq.

27 xkukqpu! qh! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uwej! ugevkqp!

28 212)c*)28**-! cu! nqpi! cu! vjg! ekxkn! rgpcnvkgu! fq! pqv! gzeggf!

29 vjg!tgngxcpv!Hgfgtcn!ekxkn!rgpcnvkgu/!

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32 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2435c)j*)3**-!ncy!gphqtegogpv!rgtuqppgn!qh!

33 c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!oc{!kpxgu.

34 vkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! crrtgjgpf-! cttguv-! fgvckp-! qt! vtcpuhgt! vq!

35 Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! cnkgpu! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg!

36 kookitcvkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!vq!vjg!ucog!gzvgpv!

37 cu! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn/! Ncy! gphqtegogpv!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 7 of 443

7!

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4 fgvckp!cnkgpu!hqt!vjg!rwtrqugu!qh!gphqtekpi!vjg!kookitcvkqp!

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6 nqpi!cu!vjqug!kookitcvkqp!ncyu!ctg!rgtokuukdng!wpfgt!vjku!

7 ugevkqp/!Ncy!gphqtegogpv!rgtuqppgn!qh!c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rq.

8 nkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! pqv! cfokv! cnkgpu! vq! qt!

9 tgoqxg!vjgo!htqo!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

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26 swktg-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Kp.

27 hqtocvkqp! Egpvgt! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! ykvj! cnn!

28 kphqtocvkqp!vjcv!vjg!Ugetgvct{!oc{!rquuguu!tgictfkpi!cp{!

29 cnkgp! cickpuv! yjqo! c! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! jcu! dggp!

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31 vwtg! citggogpv-! cp{! cnkgp! yjq! jcu! qxgtuvc{gf! vjgkt! cw.

32 vjqtk|gf!rgtkqf!qh!uvc{-!cpf!cp{!cnkgp!yjqug!xkuc!jcu!dggp!

33 tgxqmgf/! Vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Kphqtocvkqp! Egpvgt! ujcnn!

34 gpvgt!uwej!kphqtocvkqp!kpvq!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!Xkqncvqtu!Hkng!

35 qh! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Kphqtocvkqp! Egpvgt! fcvcdcug-! tg.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 8 of 443

8!

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32

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 9 of 443

9!

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26 Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2755*-!

27 gcej!Uvcvg-!cpf!gcej!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!ujcnn!

28 rtqxkfg! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! c! vkogn{!

29 ocppgt! ykvj! vjg! kphqtocvkqp! urgekhkgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*!

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31 qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! kp! vjg! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-!

32 yjq!ku!dgnkgxgf!vq!dg!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 10 of 443

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32 c!fgvckngf!tgrqtv!nkuvkpi!vjg!Uvcvgu-!qt!vjg!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxk.

33 ukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!vjcv!jcxg!rtqxkfgf!kphqtocvkqp!wpfgt!uwd.

34 ugevkqp!)c*!kp!vjg!rtgegfkpi!{gct/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 11 of 443

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8 ocvkqp!tgncvgf!vq!c!xkevko!qh!c!etkog!qt!ykvpguu!vq!c!etkok.

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21 qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 231! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

22 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnkgpu!

23 crrtgjgpfgf!qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

24 UGE/! 217/! HKPCPEKCN! CUUKUVCPEG! VQ! UVCVG! CPF! NQECN!

25

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26

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29 ocfg!cxckncdng!vq!ocmg!itcpvu!wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp-!vjg!Uge.

2; tgvct{!ujcnn!ocmg!itcpvu!vq!Uvcvgu-!cpf!vq!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxk.

31 ukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!hqt!rtqewtgogpv!qh!gswkrogpv-!vgejpqnqi{-!

32 hceknkvkgu-! cpf! qvjgt! rtqfwevu! vjcv! hceknkvcvg! cpf! ctg! fk.

33 tgevn{! tgncvgf! vq! kpxguvkicvkpi-! crrtgjgpfkpi-! cttguvkpi-!

34 fgvckpkpi-! qt! vtcpurqtvkpi! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! kpcfokuukdng! qt!

35 fgrqtvcdng-! kpenwfkpi! cffkvkqpcn! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! equvu! kp.

36 ewttgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 12 of 443

22!

2

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/•Vq! dg! gnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg! c! itcpv!

3 wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! c! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

4 c!Uvcvg-!owuv!jcxg!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!vq-!cpf!ujcnn!jcxg!c!ytkv.

5 vgp! rqnke{! cpf! c! rtcevkeg! vq-! cuukuv! kp! vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh!

6 vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! kp! vjg! eqwtug!

7 qh!ectt{kpi!qwv!vjg!tqwvkpg!ncy!gphqtegogpv!fwvkgu!qh!uwej!

8 Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg/! Gpvkvkgu! eqxgtgf!

9 wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp!oc{!pqv!jcxg!cp{!rqnke{!qt!rtcevkeg!vjcv!

; rtgxgpvu!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!htqo!kpswktkpi!cdqwv!c!uwu.

21 rgevu!kookitcvkqp!uvcvwu/!

22

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24 qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! cwfkv! qh! hwpfu! fku.

25 vtkdwvgf!vq!Uvcvgu-!cpf!vq!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!c!Uvcvg-!

26 wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!)c*/!

27 UGE/!218/!KPETGCUGF!HGFGTCN!FGVGPVKQP!URCEG/!

28

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31

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32

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33

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34

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35

tgoqxcn/! Gcej! hceknkv{! ujcnn! jcxg! c! pwodgt! qh! dgfu!

36

pgeguuct{! vq! ghhgevwcvg! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! vkvng/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 13 of 443

23!

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3

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5

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7 )9! W/U/E/! 2342)i*)2**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! gz.

8 rgpf!cpf!kpugtvkpi!ujcnn!gzrgpf/!

9 UGE/! 219/! HGFGTCN! EWUVQF[! QH! KPCFOKUUKDNG! CPF! FG.

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27

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28 

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32 ukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! gzgtekukpi! cwvjqtkv{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg!

33 crrtgjgpukqp! qt! cttguv! qh! cp! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng!

34 cnkgp!uwdokvu!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!c!tg.

35 swguv! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! dg! vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! pqv.

36 ykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!tgiwncvkqp-!qt!rqn.

37 ke{!vjg!Ugetgvct{•!

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goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 14 of 443

24!

2

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3

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4

jqnkfc{u*! chvgt! vjg! fgvckpgt! jcu! dggp! kuuwgf! hqnnqykpi!

5

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6

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7

qt! fkuokuucn! rtqeguu! ku! tgswktgf-! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

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9

vqf{! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 59! jqwtu! )gzenwfkpi! Ucvwtfc{u-!

;

Uwpfc{u-! cpf! jqnkfc{u*! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! crrtg.

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22

ujqwnf! dg! fgvckpgf-! rncegf! kp! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu-!

23

tgngcugf-! qt! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

24

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25

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26

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31 Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!cp!cnkgp!

32 cttguvgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!ujcnn! dg!jgnf!kp!ewuvqf{-!rgpfkpi!

33 vjg! cnkgpu! gzcokpcvkqp! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! kp! c! Hgfgtcn-!

34 eqpvtcev-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp-! lckn-! fgvgpvkqp! egpvgt-! qt!

35 qvjgt!eqorctcdng!hceknkv{/!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtq.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 15 of 443

25!

2 xkukqp!qh!ncy-!tgiwncvkqp!qt!rqnke{-!uwej!hceknkv{!ku!cfgswcvg!

3 hqt!fgvgpvkqp-!kh•!

4

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6

uwej! rwtrqug! wpfgt! vjg! ektewouvcpegu=!

7

)3*! cp! crrtqrtkcvg! cttcpigogpv! hqt! uwej! wug!

8

qh! vjg! hceknkv{! ecp! dg! ocfg=! cpf!

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23 Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! tgkodwtug! c! Uvcvg-! cpf! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

24 ukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!hqt!cnn!tgcuqpcdng!gzrgpugu-!cu!fgvgtokpgf!

25 d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! kpewttgf! d{! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwd.

26 fkxkukqp-! cu! c! tguwnv! qh! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! cpf! vtcpurqt.

27 vcvkqp!qh!cp!cnkgp!yjq!ku!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng!cu!fg.

28 uetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqpu!)c*!cpf!)d*/!Eqorgpucvkqp!rtqxkfgf!

29 hqt!equvu!kpewttgf!wpfgt!uwej!uwdugevkqpu!ujcnn!dg!vjg!cx.

2; gtcig! equv! qh! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! c! rtkuqpgt! kp! vjg! tgngxcpv!

31 Uvcvg-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! ejkgh! gzgewvkxg! qhhkegt! qh! c!

32 Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!rnwu!vjg!equv!

33 qh! vtcpurqtvkpi! vjg! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! rqkpv! qh! crrtgjgpukqp!

34 vq!vjg!rnceg!qh!fgvgpvkqp-!cpf!vq!vjg!ewuvqf{!vtcpuhgt!rqkpv!

35 kh!vjg!rnceg!qh!fgvgpvkqp!cpf!rnceg!qh!ewuvqf{!ctg!fkhhgtgpv/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 16 of 443

26!

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3 ncpf!Ugewtkv{! ujcnn!gpuwtg! vjcv! cnkgpu! kpectegtcvgf! rwtuw.

4 cpv!vq!vjku!vkvng!ctg!jgnf!kp!hceknkvkgu!vjcv!rtqxkfg!cp!crrtq.

5 rtkcvg!ngxgn!qh!ugewtkv{/!

6

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22

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25

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26

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27

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28

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29

)d*! ICQ! C /•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 4! {gctu! chvgt! vjg!

2; fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!vjg!Eqorvtqnngt!Igpgtcn!

31 qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! cwfkv! qh! eqorgpuc.

32 vkqp!vq!Uvcvgu-!cpf!vq!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!c!Uvcvg-!hqt!

33 vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu!

34 wpfgt!ugevkqp!351F)c*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!

35 Cev!)cu!cffgf!d{!uwdugevkqp!)c*)2**/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 17 of 443

27!

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F /•Ugevkqp! 351F! qh! vjg! Kook.

3 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! cffgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*-!

4 ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!

5 gzegrv!vjcv!uwdugevkqp!)g*!qh!uwej!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!

6 qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!ku!231!fc{!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

7 qh!vjku!Cev/!

8 UGE/! 21;/! VTCKPKPI! QH! UVCVG! CPF! NQECN! NCY! GPHQTEG.

9

OGPV! RGTUQPPGN! TGNCVKPI! VQ! VJG! GP.

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21

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23 qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! guvcd.

24 nkuj•!

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26

uqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

27

Uvcvg-! vq! vtckp! uwej! rgtuqppgn! kp! vjg! kpxguvkicvkqp-!

28

kfgpvkhkecvkqp-! crrtgjgpukqp-! cttguv-! fgvgpvkqp-! cpf!

29

vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fg.

2;

rqtvcdng! cnkgpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg!

31

vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh! uwej! cnkgpu! cetquu! Uvcvg! nkpgu! vq!

32

fgvgpvkqp! egpvgtu! cpf! vjg! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! qh! htcwfwngpv!

33

fqewogpvu*=!cpf!

34

)3*! cp! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! rqemgv! iwkfg!

35

hqt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rq.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 18 of 443

28!

2

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3

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4

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5 iwkfg! guvcdnkujgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn!

6 dg! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! cnn! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

7 rgtuqppgn/!

8

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9 eqpuvtwgf! vq! tgswktg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

; uqppgn! vq! ectt{! vjg! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! qt! rqemgv! iwkfg! ykvj!

21 vjgo!yjkng!qp!fwv{/!

22

)f*! E /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! dg! tgurqpukdng! hqt!

23 cp{!equvu!kpewttgf!kp!guvcdnkujkpi!vjg!vtckpkpi!ocpwcn!cpf!

24 rqemgv!iwkfg/!

25

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27

vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu!

28

cxckncdng! vjtqwij! cu! ocp{! ogcpu! cu! rquukdng-! kpenwf.

29

kpi! vjtqwij! tgukfgpvkcn! vtckpkpi! cv! vjg! Egpvgt! hqt!

2;

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31

qt! nqecn! rqnkeg! cigpekgu! qt! hceknkvkgu-! qpnkpg! vtckpkpi!

32

eqwtugu! d{! eqorwvgt-! vgngeqphgtgpekpi-! cpf! xkfgq.

33

vcrg-! qt! vjg! fkikvcn! xkfgq! fkurnc{! )FXF*! qh! c! vtckp.

34

kpi! eqwtug! qt! eqwtugu/! G.ngctpkpi! vjtqwij! c! ugewtg-!

35

gpet{rvgf! fkuvtkdwvgf! ngctpkpi! u{uvgo! vjcv! jcu! cnn! kvu!

36

ugtxgtu! dcugf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ku! uecncdng-! uwt.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
883 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11128 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 19 of 443

29!

2

xkxcdng-! cpf! ecp! jcxg! c! rqtvcn! kp! rnceg! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

3

41! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-!

4

ujcnn! dg! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Ncy! Gphqteg.

5

ogpv! Vtckpkpi! Egpvgt! Fkuvtkdwvgf! Ngctpkpi! Rtq.

6

itco! hqt! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn/!

7

)3*! H

/•Vjg!

8

vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

9

uqppgn! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! pqv! fkurnceg! vjg! vtckp.

;

kpi! qh! Hgfgtcn! rgtuqppgn/!

21

)4*! E

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! vkvng! qt!

22

cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! ujcnn! dg! eqpuvtwgf! cu!

23

ocmkpi! cp{! kookitcvkqp.tgncvgf! vtckpkpi! c! tgswktg.

24

ogpv! hqt-! qt! rtgtgswkukvg! vq-! cp{! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy!

25

gphqtegogpv! qhhkegt! vq! cuukuv! kp! vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh!

26

Hgfgtcn! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/!

27

)5*! R

/•Kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjku! uwdugevkqp-!

28

rtkqtkv{! hwpfkpi! ujcnn! dg! ikxgp! hqt! gzkuvkpi! ygd.dcugf!

29

kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! vtckpkpi! u{uvgou/!

2; UGE/!221/!KOOWPKV[/!

31

Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!c!ncy!gp.

32 hqtegogpv!qhhkegt!qh!c!Uvcvg!qt!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigp.

33 e{! yjq! ku! cevkpi! ykvjkp! vjg! ueqrg! qh! vjg! qhhkegtu! qhhkekcn!

34 fwvkgu! ujcnn! dg! koowpg-! vq! vjg! ucog! gzvgpv! cu! c! Hgfgtcn!

35 ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegt-!htqo!rgtuqpcn!nkcdknkv{!ctkukpi!qwv!

36 qh! vjg!rgthqtocpeg! qh! cp{! fwv{! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! vkvng-! kp.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
884 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11129 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 20 of 443

2;!

2 enwfkpi!vjg!cwvjqtkvkgu!vq!kpxguvkicvg-!kfgpvkh{-!crrtgjgpf-!

3 cttguv-!fgvckp-!qt!vtcpuhgt!vq!Hgfgtcn!ewuvqf{-!cp!cnkgp!hqt!

4 vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg!

5 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!)cu!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)28*!qh!vjg!Ko.

6 okitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c*)28***!qt!

7 vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! c! Uvcvg! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

8 qh!c!Uvcvg/!

9 UGE/!222/!ETKOKPCN!CNKGP!KFGPVKHKECVKQP!RTQITCO/!

;

)c*!E

G

/•!

21

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! eqpvkpwg!

22

vq! qrgtcvg! cpf! korngogpv! c! rtqitco! vjcv•!

23

)C*! kfgpvkhkgu! tgoqxcdng! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! kp!

24

Hgfgtcn! cpf! Uvcvg! eqttgevkqpcn! hceknkvkgu=!

25

)D*! gpuwtgu! uwej! cnkgpu! ctg! pqv! tgngcugf!

26

kpvq! vjg! eqoowpkv{=! cpf!

27

)E*! tgoqxgu! uwej! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf!

28

Uvcvgu! chvgt! vjg! eqorngvkqp! qh! vjgkt! ugpvgpegu/!

29

)3*! G

/•Vjg! rtqitco! ujcnn! dg! gz.

2;

vgpfgf! vq! cnn! Uvcvgu/! Cp{! Uvcvg! vjcv! tgegkxgu! Hgfgtcn!

31

hwpfu! hqt! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! )rwtuw.

32

cpv! vq! vjg! Uvcvg! Etkokpcn! Cnkgp! Cuukuvcpeg! Rtqitco!

33

cwvjqtk|gf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

34

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! qvjgt!

35

ukoknct! rtqitco*! ujcnn•!

36

)C*! eqqrgtcvg! ykvj! qhhkekcnu! qh! vjg! rtqitco=!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
885 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1112; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 21 of 443

31!

2

)D*! gzrgfkvkqwun{! cpf! u{uvgocvkecnn{! kfgp.

3

vkh{! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! kp! kvu! rtkuqp! cpf! lckn! rqrw.

4

ncvkqpu=!cpf!

5

)E*! rtqorvn{! eqpxg{! uwej! kphqtocvkqp! vq!

6

qhhkekcnu! qh! uwej! rtqitco! cu! c! eqpfkvkqp! qh! tg.

7

egkxkpi! uwej! hwpfu/!

8

)d*! C

F

C E.

9

U

NR

U

/•Ncy!

; gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu!qh!c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!

21 qh!c!Uvcvg-!ctg!cwvjqtk|gf!vq•!

22

)2*! jqnf! c! etkokpcn! cnkgp! hqt! c! rgtkqf! qh! wr! vq!

23

59! jqwtu! )gzenwfkpi! Ucvwtfc{u-! Uwpfc{u-! cpf! jqnk.

24

fc{u*! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! eqorngvgf! vjg! cnkgpu! ugp.

25

vgpeg! wpfgt! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! kp! qtfgt! vq! ghhgevwcvg!

26

vjg! vtcpuhgt! qh! vjg! cnkgp! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! yjgp! vjg!

27

cnkgp! ku! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng=! qt!

28

)3*! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt! vjcv! yqwnf! cnnqy! cnkgpu! yjq!

29

jcxg! ugtxgf! c! rtkuqp! ugpvgpeg! wpfgt! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn!

2;

ncy! vq! dg! fgvckpgf! d{! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp! qt! lckn!

31

wpvkn! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ecp! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{/!

32

)e*!V

W /•Vgejpqnqi{-!uwej!cu!xkfgq!

33 eqphgtgpekpi-! ujcnn! dg! wugf! vq! vjg! oczkowo! gzvgpv! rtce.

34 vkecdng! kp! qtfgt! vq! ocmg! vjg! rtqitco! cxckncdng! kp! tgoqvg!

35 nqecvkqpu/!Oqdkng!ceeguu!vq!Hgfgtcn!fcvcdcugu!qh!cnkgpu!cpf!

36 nkxg!uecp!vgejpqnqi{!ujcnn!dg!wugf!vq!vjg!oczkowo!gzvgpv!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
886 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11131 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 22 of 443

32!

2 rtcevkecdng! kp! qtfgt! vq! ocmg! vjgug! tguqwtegu! cxckncdng! vq!

3 Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu! kp! tgoqvg! nqec.

4 vkqpu/!

5

)f*!G

F /•Vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!

6 qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!gzegrv!vjcv!uwd.

7 ugevkqp!)c*)3*!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!ku!291!fc{u!

8 chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

9 UGE/!223/!ENCTKHKECVKQP!QH!EQPITGUUKQPCN!KPVGPV/!

;

Ugevkqp! 398)i*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

21 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2468)i**!ku!cogpfgf•!

22

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! gpvgt!

23

cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! vjtqwij! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf!

24

cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! ujcnn! gpvgt! kpvq! c! ytkv.

25

vgp! citggogpv! ykvj! c! Uvcvg-! qt! cp{! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

26

ukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! wrqp! tgswguv! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn!

27

uwdfkxkukqp-! rwtuwcpv! vq! yjkej! cp! qhhkegt! qt! go.

28

rnq{gg! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! uwdfkxkukqp-! yjq! ku! fgvgtokpgf!

29

d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! dg! swcnkhkgf! vq! rgthqto! c! hwpe.

2;

vkqp! qh! cp! kookitcvkqp! qhhkegt! kp! tgncvkqp! vq! vjg! kp.

31

xguvkicvkqp-! crrtgjgpukqp-! qt! fgvgpvkqp! qh! cnkgpu! kp!

32

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh!

33

uwej! cnkgpu! cetquu! Uvcvg! nkpgu! vq! fgvgpvkqp! egpvgtu*-!

34

oc{! ectt{! qwv! uwej! hwpevkqp! cv! vjg! gzrgpug! qh! vjg!

35

Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! cpf! vq! gzvgpv! eqpukuvgpv!

36

ykvj! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy/! Pq! tgswguv! htqo! c! dqpc!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
887 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11132 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 23 of 443

33!

2

hkfg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qt! dqpc! hkfg! ncy!

3

gphqtegogpv! cigpe{! ujcnn! dg! fgpkgf! cdugpv! c! eqorgn.

4

nkpi! tgcuqp/! Pq! nkokv! qp! vjg! pwodgt! qh! citggogpvu!

5

wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp! oc{! dg! korqugf/! Vjg! Uge.

6

tgvct{! ujcnn! rtqeguu! tgswguvu! hqt! uwej! citggogpvu!

7

ykvj! cnn! fwg! jcuvg-! cpf! kp! pq! ecug! ujcnn! vcmg! pqv!

8

oqtg! vjcp! ;1! fc{u! htqo! vjg! fcvg! vjg! tgswguv! ku!

9

ocfg! wpvkn! vjg! citggogpv! ku! eqpuwoocvgf/=!

;

)3*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! rctcitcrj! )3*! cu! rctc.

21

itcrj! )6*! cpf! rctcitcrju! )4*! vjtqwij! )21*! cu! rctc.

22

itcrju! )8*! vjtqwij! )25*-! tgurgevkxgn{=!

23

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

24

nqykpi<!

25

)3*!Cp!citggogpv!wpfgt!vjku!uwdugevkqp!ujcnn!ceeqo.

26 oqfcvg!c!tgswguvkpi!Uvcvg!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!ykvj!tg.

27 urgev!vq!vjg!gphqtegogpv!oqfgn!qt!eqodkpcvkqp!qh!oqfgnu-!

28 cpf! ujcnn! ceeqooqfcvg! c! rcvtqn! oqfgn-! vcum! hqteg! oqfgn-!

29 lckn! oqfgn-! cp{! eqodkpcvkqp! vjgtgqh-! qt! cp{! qvjgt! tgcuqp.

2; cdng!oqfgn!vjg!Uvcvg!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!dgnkgxgu!ku!dguv!

31 uwkvgf! vq! vjg! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! pggfu! qh! kvu! lwtku.

32 fkevkqp/!

33

)4*! Pq! Hgfgtcn! rtqitco! qt! vgejpqnqi{! fktgevgf!

34 dtqcfn{! cv! kfgpvkh{kpi! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu!

35 ujcnn! uwduvkvwvg! hqt! uwej! citggogpvu-! kpenwfkpi! vjqug! gu.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
888 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11133 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 24 of 443

34!

2 vcdnkujkpi! c! lckn! oqfgn-! cpf! ujcnn! qrgtcvg! kp! cffkvkqp! vq!

3 cp{!citggogpv!wpfgt!vjku!uwdugevkqp/!

4

)5*)C*! Pq! citggogpv!wpfgt!vjku! uwdugevkqp! ujcnn!dg!

5 vgtokpcvgf!cdugpv!c!eqorgnnkpi!tgcuqp/!

6

)D*)k*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkv.

7 kecn! uwdfkxkukqp! ytkvvgp! pqvkeg! qh! kpvgpv! vq! vgtokpcvg! cv!

8 ngcuv! 291!fc{u! rtkqt! vq!fcvg! qh! kpvgpfgf! vgtokpcvkqp-! cpf!

9 vjg!pqvkeg! ujcnn!hwnn{!gzrnckp!vjg!itqwpfu!hqt!vgtokpcvkqp-!

; cnqpi! ykvj! rtqxkfkpi! gxkfgpeg! uwduvcpvkcvkpi! vjg! Uge.

21 tgvct{u!cnngicvkqpu/!

22

)kk*!Vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! ujcnn! jcxg! vjg!

23 tkijv!vq!c!jgctkpi!dghqtg!cp!cfokpkuvtcvkxg!ncy!lwfig!cpf-!

24 kh! vjg! twnkpi! ku! cickpuv! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp-!

25 vq! crrgcn! vjg! twnkpi! vq! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Ektewkv! Eqwtv! qh! Cr.

26 rgcnu! cpf-! kh! vjg! twnkpi! ku! cickpuv! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn!

27 uwdfkxkukqp-!vq!vjg!Uwrtgog!Eqwtv/!

28

)E*!Vjg!citggogpv!ujcnn!tgockp!kp!hwnn!ghhgev!fwtkpi!

29 vjg!eqwtug!qh!cp{!cpf!cnn!ngicn!rtqeggfkpiu/=!cpf!

2;

)5*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )6*! )cu! tgfguki.

31

pcvgf*!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

32

)7*!Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!ocmg!

33 vtckpkpi!qh!Uvcvg!cpf!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu!cxckn.

34 cdng! vjtqwij! cu! ocp{! ogcpu! cu! rquukdng-! kpenwfkpi!

35 vjtqwij! tgukfgpvkcn! vtckpkpi! cv! vjg! Egpvgt! hqt! Fqoguvke!

36 Rtgrctgfpguu!cpf!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Vtckpkpi!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
889 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11134 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 25 of 443

35!

2 Egpvgt-! qpukvg! vtckpkpi! jgnf! cv! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! rqnkeg! cigp.

3 ekgu!qt!hceknkvkgu-!qpnkpg!vtckpkpi!eqwtugu!d{!eqorwvgt-!vgng.

4 eqphgtgpekpi-! cpf! xkfgqvcrg-! qt! vjg! fkikvcn! xkfgq! fkurnc{!

5 )FXF*! qh! c! vtckpkpi! eqwtug! qt! eqwtugu/! Fkuvcpeg! ngctpkpi!

6 vjtqwij! c! ugewtg-! gpet{rvgf! fkuvtkdwvgf! ngctpkpi! u{uvgo!

7 vjcv!jcu!cnn!kvu!ugtxgtu!dcugf!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!ku!uecn.

8 cdng-! uwtxkxcdng-! cpf! ecp! jcxg! c! rqtvcn! kp! rnceg! pqv! ncvgt!

9 vjcp!41!fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!qh! vjku!Cev-!

; ujcnn!dg!ocfg!cxckncdng!d{!vjg!EQRU!Qhhkeg!qh!vjg!Fgrctv.

21 ogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!cpf!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Vtckp.

22 kpi! Egpvgt! Fkuvtkdwvgf! Ngctpkpi! Rtqitco! hqt! Uvcvg! cpf!

23 nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!rgtuqppgn/!Rtghgtgpeg!ujcnn!dg!ikxgp!

24 vq! rtkxcvg! ugevqt.dcugf! ygd.dcugf! kookitcvkqp! gphqteg.

25 ogpv! vtckpkpi! rtqitcou! hqt! yjkej! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtp.

26 ogpv!jcu!cntgcf{!rtqxkfgf!uwrrqtv!vq!fgxgnqr//!

27 UGE/! 224/! UVCVG! ETKOKPCN! CNKGP! CUUKUVCPEG! RTQITCO!

28

)UECCR*/!

29

Ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

2; Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)k**!ku!cogpfgf•!

31

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjg! hktuv!

32

rnceg! uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh!

33

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

34

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

35

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! vjgtgchvgt! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Uge.

36

tgvct{=!cpf!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
890 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11135 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 26 of 443

36!

2

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*)C*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! ejctigf!

3

ykvj! qt! dghqtg! eqpxkevgf/!

4 UGE/! 225/! UVCVG! XKQNCVKQPU! QH! GPHQTEGOGPV! QH! KOOK.

5

ITCVKQP!NCYU/!

6

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 753! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kook.

7 itcvkqp!Tghqto!cpf!Kookitcpv!Tgurqpukdknkv{!Cev!qh!2;;7!

8 )9!W/U/E/!2484*!ku!cogpfgf•!

9

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvwtcnk|c.

;

vkqp! Ugtxkeg! gcej! rnceg! kv! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

21

Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

22

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! cpf! kp.

23

ugtvkpi! ujcnn=!

24

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*•!

25

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! pq! rgtuqp! qt! cigpe{! oc{!

26

cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! rgtuqp! qt! cigpe{! ujcnn! pqv=!

27

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! fqkpi! cp{! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi!

28

ykvj! tgurgev! vq! kphqtocvkqp! cpf! kpugtvkpi! wp.

29

fgtvcmkpi! cp{! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

2;

cevkxkvkgu=! cpf!

31

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrju!)2*!vjtqwij!)4*!

32

cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

33

)2*! Pqvkh{kpi! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtpogpv! tgictf.

34

kpi! vjg! rtgugpeg! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng!

35

cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! gpeqwpvgtgf! d{! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

36

uqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
891 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11136 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 27 of 443

37!

2

)3*! Eqorn{kpi! ykvj! tgswguvu! hqt! kphqtocvkqp!

3

htqo! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/!

4

)4*! Kuuwkpi! rqnkekgu! kp! vjg! hqto! qh! c! tguqnw.

5

vkqpu-! qtfkpcpegu-! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! cevkqpu-! igpgtcn! qt!

6

urgekcn! qtfgtu-! qt! fgrctvogpvcn! rqnkekgu! vjcv! xkqncvg!

7

Hgfgtcn! ncy! qt! tguvtkev! c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

8

ukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg! htqo! eqorn{kpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy! qt!

9

eqqtfkpcvkpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/=! cpf!

;

)5*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

21

)f*!E

/•!

22

)2*! K

/•C! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwd.

23

fkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! vjcv! jcu! kp! ghhgev! c! uvcvwvg-! rqn.

24

ke{-! qt! rtcevkeg! vjcv! rtqjkdkvu! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhk.

25

egtu! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg!

26

Uvcvg-! htqo! cuukuvkpi! qt! eqqrgtcvkpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn!

27

kookitcvkqp! ncy! gphqtegogpv! kp! vjg! eqwtug! qh! ect.

28

t{kpi! qwv! vjg! qhhkegtu! tqwvkpg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! fw.

29

vkgu! ujcnn! pqv! dg! gnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg•!

2;

)C*! cp{! qh! vjg! hwpfu! vjcv! yqwnf! qvjgtykug!

31

dg! cnnqecvgf! vq! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

32

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

33

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! vjg! Eqru!

34

qp! vjg! Dgcv! rtqitco! wpfgt! rctv! S! qh! vkvng! K! qh!

35

vjg! Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu!

36

Cev! qh! 2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 48;7ff! gv! ugs/*=! qt!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
892 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11137 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 28 of 443

38!

2

)D*! cp{! qvjgt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qt! Fgrctv.

3

ogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! itcpv/!

4

)3*! C

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

5

ujcnn! fgvgtokpg! cppwcnn{! yjkej! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn!

6

uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg! ctg! pqv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj!

7

vjku! ugevkqp! cpf! ujcnn! tgrqtv! uwej! fgvgtokpcvkqpu! vq!

8

Eqpitguu! qp! Octej! 2! qh! gcej! {gct/!

9

)4*! T

/•Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn!

;

kuuwg!c!tgrqtv!eqpegtpkpi! vjg!eqornkcpeg! qh!cp{!rct.

21

vkewnct! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! cv! vjg! tgswguv! qh!

22

vjg! Jqwug! qt! Ugpcvg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg/! Cp{! lw.

23

tkufkevkqp!vjcv! ku!hqwpf! vq! dg! qwv!qh! eqornkcpeg! ujcnn!

24

dg! kpgnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg! Hgfgtcn! hkpcpekcn! cuukuvcpeg!

25

cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! hqt! c! okpkowo! rgtkqf!

26

qh! 2! {gct-! cpf! ujcnn! qpn{! dgeqog! gnkikdng! cickp! chvgt!

27

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! egtvkhkgu! vjcv! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! ku!

28

kp! eqornkcpeg/!

29

)5*! T

/•Cp{! hwpfu! vjcv! ctg! pqv!

2;

cnnqecvgf! vq! c! Uvcvg! qt! vq! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

31

c! Uvcvg-! fwg! vq! vjg! hcknwtg! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! vjg! rq.

32

nkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! uwd.

33

ugevkqp! )e*! ujcnn! dg! tgcnnqecvgf! vq! Uvcvgu-! qt! vq! rqnkv.

34

kecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! Uvcvgu-! vjcv! eqorn{! ykvj! uwej!

35

uwdugevkqp/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
893 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11138 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 29 of 443

39!

2

)g*! E

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn!

3 tgswktg!ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkekcnu!htqo!Uvcvgu-!qt!htqo!rq.

4 nkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! Uvcvgu-! vq! tgrqtv! qt! cttguv! xkevkou!

5 qt!ykvpguugu!qh!c!etkokpcn!qhhgpug//!

6

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

7 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

8 qh! vjku! Cev-! gzegrv! vjcv! uwdugevkqp! )f*! qh! ugevkqp! 753! qh!

9 vjg!Knngicn!Kookitcvkqp!Tghqto!cpf!Kookitcpv!Tgurqpuk.

; dknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2484*-! cu! cffgf! d{! vjku! uge.

21 vkqp-! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! dgikppkpi! qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!

22 qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

23 UGE/!226/!ENCTKH[KPI!VJG!CWVJQTKV[!QH!KEG!FGVCKPGTU/!

24

)c*! K I

/•Gzegrv! cu! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! d{!

25 Hgfgtcn!ncy! qt! twng! qh!rtqegfwtg-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqog.

26 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! gzgewvg! cnn! ncyhwn! ytkvu-! rtqeguu-! cpf!

27 qtfgtu! kuuwgf! wpfgt! vjg! cwvjqtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-!

28 cpf!ujcnn!eqoocpf!cnn!pgeguuct{!cuukuvcpeg!vq!gzgewvg!vjg!

29 Ugetgvct{u!fwvkgu/!

2;

)d*! U

NE

Y FJU!

31 F

/•C! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

32 Uvcvg-! vjcv! jcu! kp! ghhgev! c! uvcvwvg! qt! rqnke{! qt! rtcevkeg!

33 rtqxkfkpi! vjcv! kv! pqv! eqorn{! ykvj! cp{! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

34 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! fgvckpgt! qtfgtkpi! vjcv! kv! vgorqtctkn{!

35 jqnf! cp! cnkgp! kp! vjgkt! ewuvqf{! uq! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! oc{! dg!

36 vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! qt! vtcpurqtv! vjg! cnkgp! hqt!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
894 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11139 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 30 of 443

3;!

2 vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! ujcnn! pqv! dg! gnkikdng! vq! tg.

3 egkxg•!

4

)2*! cp{! qh! vjg! hwpfu! vjcv! yqwnf! qvjgtykug! dg! cn.

5

nqecvgf! vq! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! wpfgt!

6

ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

7

Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! vjg! Eqru! qp! vjg! Dgcv!

8

rtqitco! wpfgt! rctv! S! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Qopkdwu!

9

Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh! 2;79! )53!

;

W/U/E/! 48;7ff! gv! ugs/*=! qt!

21

)3*! cp{! qvjgt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qt! Fgrctvogpv!

22

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! itcpv/!

23

)e*! K

/•C! Uvcvg! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

24 c!Uvcvg!cevkpi!kp!eqornkcpeg!ykvj!c!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqog.

25 ncpf!Ugewtkv{!fgvckpgt!yjq!vgorqtctkn{!jqnfu!cnkgpu! kp!kvu!

26 ewuvqf{! uq! vjcv! vjg{! oc{! dg! vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-!

27 qt! vtcpurqtvu! vjg! cnkgpu! hqt! vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-!

28 ujcnn! dg! eqpukfgtgf! vq! dg! cevkpi! wpfgt! eqnqt! qh! Hgfgtcn!

29 cwvjqtkv{!hqt!rwtrqugu!qh!fgvgtokpkpi!kvu!nkcdknkv{-!cpf!ko.

2; owpkv{! htqo! uwkv-! kp! ekxkn! cevkqpu! dtqwijv! d{! vjg! cnkgpu!

31 wpfgt!Hgfgtcn!qt!Uvcvg!ncy/!

32

)f*! R

E /•Kv! ku! vjg! ugpug! qh! Eqpitguu!

33 vjcv! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu! rtqdcdng!

34 ecwug!vq!dgnkgxg!vjcv!cp!cnkgp!ku!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng!

35 yjgp! kv! kuuwgu! c! fgvckpgt! tgictfkpi! uwej! cnkgp! wpfgt! vjg!

36 uvcpfctfu!kp!rnceg!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!kpvtqfwevkqp!qh!vjku!Cev/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
895 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1113; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 31 of 443

41!

2 VKVNG!KKPCVKQPCN!UGEWTKV[!

3 UGE/!312/!TGOQXCN!QH-!CPF!FGPKCN!QH!DGPGHKVU!VQ-!VGT.

4

TQTKUV!CNKGPU/!

5

)c*! C

/•Ugevkqp! 319)d*)3*)C*!qh! vjg! Kookitc.

6 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2269)d*)3*)C**! ku!

7 cogpfgf•!

8

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

9

Ugewtkv{! chvgt! kh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn=! cpf!

;

)3*! d{! cogpfkpi! encwug! )x*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

21

)x*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

22

itcrj! )D*)k*! qt! )H*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*-!

23

wpnguu-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp!

24

uwdrctcitcrj! )KX*-! )X*-! qt! )KZ*! qh! ugevkqp!

25

323)c*)4*)D*)k*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

26

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fg.

27

vgtokpgu-!kp! vjg! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

28

qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! vjcv! vjgtg! ctg! pqv!

29

tgcuqpcdng! itqwpfu! hqt! tgictfkpi! vjg! cnkgp!

2;

cu! c! fcpigt! vq! vjg! ugewtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

31

Uvcvgu=!qt/!

32

)d*! E

T

/•Ugevkqp!

33 351C)e*)5*!qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;d)e*)5**!ku!cogpf.

34 gf•!

35

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kpcfokuukdng! wpfgt! cpf! kpugtv.

36

kpi! fguetkdgf! kp=! cpf!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
896 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11141 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 32 of 443

42!

2

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! fgrqtvcdng! wpfgt! cpf! kpugtv.

3

kpi! fguetkdgf! kp/!

4

)e*!

X

F

/•Ugevkqp!

5 351D)d*)2*)E*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e)d*)2*)E**! ku!

6 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! fgrqtvcdng! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

7 348)c*)3*)C*)kkk*!qt!ugevkqp!348)c*)5*=!cpf!kpugtvkpi!fg.

8 uetkdgf!kp!rctcitcrj!)3*)C*)kkk*!qt!)5*!qh!ugevkqp!348)c*=/!

9

)f*! T

T

/•Ugevkqp!

; 352)d*)4*)D*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)d*)4*)D**! ku!

21 cogpfgf•!

22

)2*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtv.

23

kpi! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! chvgt!

24

Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg! kv! crrgctu=!

25

)3*! kp! encwug! )kkk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

26

)4*! kp! encwug! )kx*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg!

27

gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! ugokeqnqp=!

28

)5*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! hnwuj! ocvvgt! vjcv! hqnnqyu!

29

chvgt! encwug! )kx*=! cpf!

2;

)6*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kx*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

31

)x*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

32

itcrj! )D*)k*! qt! )H*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*-!

33

wpnguu-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp!

34

uwdrctcitcrj! )KX*-! )X*-! qt! )KZ*! qh! ugevkqp!

35

323)c*)4*)D*)k*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

36

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fg.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
897 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11142 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 33 of 443

43!

2

vgtokpgu-! kp! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt!

3

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! vjcv! vjgtg! ctg! pqv!

4

tgcuqpcdng! itqwpfu! hqt! tgictfkpi! vjg! cnkgp!

5

cu! c! fcpigt! vq! vjg! ugewtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

6

Uvcvgu=!qt/!

7

)g*!T

C

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8

)2*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 35;! qh! uwej! Cev! )9!

9

W/U/E/! 236;*! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

; 

!

21

!

22

-! !

23

U /! 35;/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp!

24 vjg!fkuetgvkqp!qh!vjg!Ugetgvct{!cpf!wpfgt!uwej!tgiwncvkqpu!

25 cu!vjg!Ugetgvct{!oc{!rtguetkdg-!oc{!gpvgt!c!tgeqtf!qh!ncy.

26 hwn! cfokuukqp! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp{!

27 cnkgp-! kh! pq! uwej! tgeqtf! ku! qvjgtykug! cxckncdng! cpf! vjg!

28 cnkgp•!

29

)2*! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! dghqtg! Lcpwct{!

2;

2-! 2;83=!

31

)3*! jcu! eqpvkpwqwun{! tgukfgf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

32

Uvcvgu! ukpeg! uwej! gpvt{=!

33

)4*! jcu! dggp! c! rgtuqp! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt!

34

ukpeg!uwej!gpvt{=!

35

)5*! ku! pqv! kpgnkikdng! hqt! ekvk|gpujkr=!

36

)6*! ku! pqv! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)C*)kx*-!

37

)3*-! )4*-! )7*)E*-! )7*)G*-! qt! )9*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*=! cpf!

•JT! 2259! KJ
898 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11143 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 34 of 443

44!

2

)7*! fkf! pqv-! cv! cp{! vkog-! ykvjqwv! tgcuqpcdng!

3

ecwug! hckn! qt! tghwug! vq! cvvgpf! qt! tgockp! kp! cvvgpf.

4

cpeg! cv! c! rtqeggfkpi! vq! fgvgtokpg! vjg! cnkgpu! kpcf.

5

okuukdknkv{! qt! fgrqtvcdknkv{/!

6 Uwej! tgeqtfcvkqp! ujcnn! dg! ghhgevkxg! cu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! cr.

7 rtqxcn!qh!vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qt!cu!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpvt{!kh!uwej!

8 gpvt{!qeewttgf!rtkqt!vq!Lwn{!2-!2;35//!

9

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

;

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cogpfkpi! vjg! kvgo!

21

tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 35;! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

Uge/ 35;/ Tgeqtf! qh! cfokuukqp! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! egtvckp! cnkgpu! yjq! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! rtkqt! vq! Lcpwct{! 2-! 2;83//!

22

)h*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

23 vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh!

24 vjku! Cev! cpf! ugevkqpu! 319)d*)3*)C*-! 323)c*-! 351C-! 351D-!

25 352)d*)4*-! cpf! 35;! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

26 Cev-!cu!uq!cogpfgf-!ujcnn!crrn{!vq•!

27

)2*! cnn! cnkgpu! kp! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenw.

28

ukqp!rtqeggfkpiu=!

29

)3*! cnn! crrnkecvkqpu! rgpfkpi! qp-! qt! hkngf! chvgt-!

2;

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

31

)4*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnkgpu! cpf! crrnkecvkqpu! fg.

32

uetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! qt! )3*! qh! vjku! uwdugevkqp-!

33

cevu! cpf! eqpfkvkqpu! eqpuvkvwvkpi! c! itqwpf! hqt! gzenw.

34

ukqp-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! tgoqxcn! qeewttkpi! qt! gzkuvkpi!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
899 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11144 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 35 of 443

45!

2

dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

3

Cev/!

4 UGE/!313/!VGTTQTKUV!DCT!VQ!IQQF!OQTCN!EJCTCEVGT/!

5

)c*! F

IO

E

/•!

6 Ugevkqp!212)h*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!

7 W/U/E/!2212)h**!ku!cogpfgf•!

8

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

9

nqykpi<!

;

)3*! qpg! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

21

tkv{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fgvgtokpgu! vq! jcxg! dggp! cv!

22

cp{! vkog! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*! qt!

23

348)c*)5*-! yjkej! fgvgtokpcvkqp! oc{! dg! dcugf! wrqp!

24

cp{! tgngxcpv! kphqtocvkqp! qt! gxkfgpeg-! kpenwfkpi! encu.

25

ukhkgf-! ugpukvkxg-! qt! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{! kphqtocvkqp==!

26

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )9*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! tgictfnguu!

27

yjgvjgt! vjg! etkog! ycu! encuukhkgf! cu! cp! ciitcxcvgf!

28

hgnqp{!cv! vjg! vkog!qh!eqpxkevkqp-!gzegrv! vjcv! vjg! Uge.

29

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn!

2;

oc{-! kp! vjg! wptgxkgycdng! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

31

qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! fgvgtokpg! vjcv! vjku! rctcitcrj!

32

ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c! ukping! ciitcxcvgf! hgn.

33

qp{! eqpxkevkqp! )qvjgt! vjcp! owtfgt-! ocpuncwijvgt-!

34

jqokekfg-! tcrg-! qt! cp{! ugz! qhhgpug! yjgp! vjg! xkevko!

35

qh! uwej! ugz! qhhgpug! ycu! c! okpqt*! hqt! yjkej! eqorng.

36

vkqp! qh! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qt! vjg! ugpvgpeg!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
900 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11145 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 36 of 443

46!

2

)yjkejgxgt! ku! ncvgt*! qeewttgf! 21! qt! oqtg! {gctu! rtkqt!

3

vq!vjg!fcvg! qh!crrnkecvkqp!chvgt!)cu!fghkpgf! kp! uwd.

4

ugevkqp! )c*)54**=! cpf!

5

)4*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! hqnnqykpi! rctcitcrj! );*-! d{!

6

uvtkmkpi! vjg! hktuv! ugpvgpeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqn.

7

nqykpi<! Vjg! hcev! vjcv! cp{! rgtuqp! ku! pqv! ykvjkp! cp{!

8

qh! vjg! hqtgiqkpi! encuugu! ujcnn! pqv! rtgenwfg! c! fkuetg.

9

vkqpct{! hkpfkpi! hqt! qvjgt! tgcuqpu! vjcv! uwej! c! rgtuqp!

;

ku! qt! ycu! pqv! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

21

qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! pqv! dg! nkokvgf! vq! vjg!

22

crrnkecpvu! eqpfwev! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! hqt! yjkej! iqqf!

23

oqtcn! ejctcevgt! ku! tgswktgf-! dwv! oc{! vcmg! kpvq! eqp.

24

ukfgtcvkqp! cu! c! dcuku! hqt! fgvgtokpcvkqp! vjg! crrnk.

25

ecpvu! eqpfwev! cpf! cevu! cv! cp{! vkog//!

26

)d*! C

H

/•Ugevkqp! 61;)d*! qh! vjg!

27 Kookitcvkqp!Cev!qh!2;;1!)9!W/U/E/!2212!pqvg*!ku!cogpfgf!

28 vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

29

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

2; uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! Pqxgodgt! 3;-! 2;;1-!

31 cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!eqpxkevkqpu!qeewttkpi!dghqtg-!qp!qt!chvgt!

32 uwej!fcvg//!

33

)e*!V

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!

34 T

C /•Ugevkqp! 6615)3*! qh! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tg.

35 hqto! cpf! Vgttqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh! 3115! )Rwdnke! Ncy!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
901 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11146 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 37 of 443

47!

2 219569*!ku!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkmkpi!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!

3 kpugtvkpi!kpugtvkpi!chvgt!rctcitcrj!)9*/!

4

)f*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

5 uwdugevkqpu! )c*! cpf! )d*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh!

6 gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!cev!vjcv!qeewttgf!

7 dghqtg-!qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!crrnk.

8 ecvkqp! hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! qt! cp{! qvjgt! dgpghkv! qt! tgnkgh-! qt!

9 cp{! qvjgt! ecug! qt! ocvvgt! wpfgt! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu!

; rgpfkpi! qp! qt! hkngf! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/! Vjg! cogpfogpvu!

21 ocfg! d{! uwdugevkqp! )e*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! cu! kh! gpcevgf! kp!

22 vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tghqto! cpf! Vgttqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh!

23 3115!)Rwdnke!Ncy!219569*/!

24 UGE/!314/!VGTTQTKUV!DCT!VQ!PCVWTCNK\CVKQP/!

25

)c*! P

R

G

!

26

P

U

/•Ugevkqp! 427! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

27 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2537*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

28 cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

29

)i*! R

G

P

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2; /•Pq! rgtuqp! ujcnn! dg! pcvwtcnk|gf! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

31 qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!fgvgtokpgu!vq!jcxg!dggp!cv!cp{!vkog!

32 cp!cnkgp!fguetkdgf!kp!ugevkqp!323)c*)4*!qt!348)c*)5*/!Uwej!

33 fgvgtokpcvkqp! oc{! dg! dcugf! wrqp! cp{! tgngxcpv! kphqtoc.

34 vkqp!qt!gxkfgpeg-!kpenwfkpi!encuukhkgf-!ugpukvkxg-!qt!pcvkqpcn!

35 ugewtkv{!kphqtocvkqp//!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
902 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11147 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 38 of 443

48!

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P

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/•Ugevkqp! 429! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

4 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 253;*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi!

5 qvjgt!Cev=!cpf!kpugtvkpi!qvjgt!Cev=!cpf!pq!crrnkecvkqp!

6 hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! ujcnn! dg! eqpukfgtgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

7 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! cp{! eqwtv! kh! vjgtg! ku! rgpfkpi!

8 cickpuv!vjg!crrnkecpv!cp{!tgoqxcn!rtqeggfkpi!qt!qvjgt!rtq.

9 eggfkpi!vq!fgvgtokpg!vjg!crrnkecpvu!kpcfokuukdknkv{!qt!fg.

; rqtvcdknkv{-!qt!vq!fgvgtokpg!yjgvjgt!vjg!crrnkecpvu!ncyhwn!

21 rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpv!uvcvwu!ujqwnf!dg!tguekpfgf-!tgictfnguu!

22 qh! yjgp! uwej! rtqeggfkpi! ycu! eqoogpegf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv!

23 vjg! hkpfkpiu! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! kp! vgtokpcvkpi! tg.

24 oqxcn!rtqeggfkpiu!qt!kp!ecpegnkpi!vjg!tgoqxcn!qh!cp!cnkgp!

25 rwtuwcpv!vq!vjg!rtqxkukqpu!qh!vjku!Cev-!ujcnn!pqv!dg!fggogf!

26 dkpfkpi!kp!cp{!yc{!wrqp!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

27 tkv{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! swguvkqp! qh! yjgvjgt! uwej! rgtuqp!

28 jcu!guvcdnkujgf!jku!gnkikdknkv{!hqt!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!cu!tgswktgf!

29 d{!vjku!vkvng=/!

2;

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F

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!

31 R

/•Ugevkqp! 315)d*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

32 Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2265)d**!ku!cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!

33 cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Pq! rgvkvkqp! ujcnn! dg! crrtqxgf!

34 rwtuwcpv! vq! vjku! ugevkqp! kh! vjgtg! ku! cp{! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! qt!

35 lwfkekcn! rtqeggfkpi! )yjgvjgt! ekxkn! qt! etkokpcn*! rgpfkpi!

36 cickpuv!vjg!rgvkvkqpgt!vjcv!eqwnf!)yjgvjgt!fktgevn{!qt!kpfk.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
903 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11148 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 39 of 443

49!

2 tgevn{*! tguwnv! kp! vjg! rgvkvkqpgtu! fgpcvwtcnk|cvkqp! qt! vjg!

3 nquu!qh!vjg!rgvkvkqpgtu!ncyhwn!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpv!uvcvwu//!

4

)f*! E

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5 vkqpu! 327)g*! cpf! ugevkqp! 327C)g*!qh!vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

6 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2297c)g*! cpf! 2297d)g**! ctg!

7 gcej!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkmkpi!vjg!rgtkqf!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!kpugtv.

8 kpi! -! kh! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! jcf! vjg! eqpfkvkqpcn! dcuku! tgoqxgf!

9 rwtuwcpv!vq!vjku!ugevkqp//!

;

)g*! F

E

L

/•Uwdugevkqp!

21 447)d*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp! cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!

22 2558)d**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

23

)d*!Kh!vjgtg!ku!c!hcknwtg!vq!tgpfgt!c!hkpcn!cfokpkuvtc.

24 vkxg!fgekukqp!wpfgt!ugevkqp!446!dghqtg!vjg!gpf!qh!vjg!291.!

25 fc{!rgtkqf!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qp!yjkej!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqog.

26 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! eqorngvgu! cnn! gzcokpcvkqpu! cpf! kpvgtxkgyu!

27 eqpfwevgf! wpfgt! uwej! ugevkqp-! cu! uwej! vgtou! ctg! fghkpgf!

28 d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!rwtuwcpv!vq!tgiw.

29 ncvkqpu-! vjg! crrnkecpv! oc{! crrn{! vq! vjg! fkuvtkev! eqwtv! hqt!

2; vjg! fkuvtkev! kp! yjkej! vjg! crrnkecpv! tgukfgu! hqt! c! jgctkpi!

31 qp! vjg! ocvvgt/! Uwej! eqwtv! ujcnn! qpn{! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq!

32 tgxkgy! vjg! dcuku! hqt! fgnc{! cpf! tgocpf! vjg! ocvvgt! vq! vjg!

33 Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!hqt!vjg!Ugetgvct{u!fgvgt.

34 okpcvkqp!qp!vjg!crrnkecvkqp//!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
904 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11149 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 40 of 443

4;!

2

)h*! E

C

/•Ugevkqp! 421)e*! qh!

3 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2532)e**!

4 ku!cogpfgf•!

5

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv!

6

ku! 231! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

7

tkv{u! hkpcn! fgvgtokpcvkqp-! chvgt! uggm=! cpf!

8

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! ugeqpf! ugpvgpeg! cpf! kpugtv.

9

kpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!Vjg! dwtfgp!ujcnn!dg!wrqp! vjg! rg.

;

vkvkqpgt! vq! ujqy! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! fgpkcn! qh! vjg!

21

crrnkecvkqp! ycu! pqv! uwrrqtvgf! d{! hcekcnn{! ngikvkocvg!

22

cpf! dqpc! hkfg! tgcuqpu/! Gzegrv! kp! c! rtqeggfkpi! wpfgt!

23

ugevkqp! 451-! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh!

24

ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp!

25

3352! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! cp{! qvjgt!

26

jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxkukqp-! cpf! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf!

27

2762! qh! uwej! vkvng-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp!

28

vq! fgvgtokpg-! qt! vq! tgxkgy! c! fgvgtokpcvkqp! qh! vjg!

29

Ugetgvct{! ocfg! cv! cp{! vkog! tgictfkpi-! yjgvjgt-! hqt!

2;

rwtrqugu! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-! cp!

31

cnkgp! ku! c! rgtuqp! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt-! yjgvjgt!

32

vjg! cnkgp! wpfgtuvcpfu! cpf! ku! cvvcejgf! vq! vjg! rtkp.

33

ekrngu! qh! vjg! Eqpuvkvwvkqp! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! qt!

34

yjgvjgt! cp! cnkgp! ku! ygnn! fkurqugf! vq! vjg! iqqf! qtfgt!

35

cpf! jcrrkpguu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu//!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
905 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1114; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 41 of 443

51!

2

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F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

3 vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh!

4 vjku! Cev-! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-!

5 qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! crrnkecvkqp! hqt!

6 pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!qt!cp{!qvjgt!ecug!qt!ocvvgt!wpfgt!vjg!kook.

7 itcvkqp!ncyu!rgpfkpi!qp-!qt!hkngf!chvgt-!uwej!fcvg/!

8 UGE/!315/!FGPCVWTCNK\CVKQP!HQT!VGTTQTKUVU/!

9

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 451! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

; cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!ku!cogpfgf•!

21

)2*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdugevkqpu! )h*! vjtqwij! )j*!

22

cu! uwdugevkqpu! )i*! vjtqwij! )k*-! tgurgevkxgn{=! cpf!

23

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdugevkqp! )g*! vjg! hqn.

24

nqykpi<!

25

)h*)2*! Kh! c! rgtuqp! yjq! jcu! dggp! pcvwtcnk|gf! rctvkek.

26 rcvgu!kp!cp{!cev!fguetkdgf!kp!rctcitcrj!)3*-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!

27 Igpgtcn! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! hkpf! vjcv-! cu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej!

28 pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-! uwej! rgtuqp! ycu! pqv! cvvcejgf! vq! vjg! rtkp.

29 ekrngu! qh! vjg! Eqpuvkvwvkqp! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! ycu!

2; pqv! ygnn! fkurqugf! vq! vjg! iqqf! qtfgt! cpf! jcrrkpguu! qh! vjg!

31 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!cv!vjg!vkog!qh!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-!cpf!wrqp!uwej!

32 hkpfkpi!ujcnn!ugv!cukfg!vjg!qtfgt!cfokvvkpi!uwej!rgtuqp!vq!

33 ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! ecpegn! vjg! egtvkhkecvg! qh! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! cu!

34 jcxkpi! dggp! qdvckpgf! d{! eqpegcnogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn! hcev!

35 qt! d{! yknnhwn! okutgrtgugpvcvkqp-! cpf! uwej! tgxqecvkqp! cpf!

36 ugvvkpi!cukfg!qh!vjg!qtfgt!cfokvvkpi!uwej!rgtuqp!vq!ekvk|gp.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
906 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11151 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 42 of 443

52!

2 ujkr! cpf! uwej! ecpegnkpi! qh! egtvkhkecvg! qh! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!

3 ujcnn! dg! ghhgevkxg! cu! qh! vjg! qtkikpcn! fcvg! qh! vjg! qtfgt! cpf!

4 egtvkhkecvg-!tgurgevkxgn{/!

5

)3*!Vjg!cevu!fguetkdgf!kp!vjku!rctcitcrj!ctg!vjg!hqn.

6 nqykpi<!

7

)C*! Cp{! cevkxkv{! c! rwtrqug! qh! yjkej! ku! vjg! qr.

8

rqukvkqp! vq-! qt! vjg! eqpvtqn! qt! qxgtvjtqy! qh-! vjg! Iqx.

9

gtpogpv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! d{! hqteg-! xkqngpeg-! qt!

;

qvjgt! wpncyhwn! ogcpu/!

21

)D*! Gpicikpi! kp! c! vgttqtkuv! cevkxkv{! )cu! fg.

22

hkpgf! kp! encwugu! )kkk*! cpf! )kx*! qh! ugevkqp!

23

323)c*)4*)D**/!

24

)E*! Kpekvgogpv! qh! vgttqtkuv! cevkxkv{! wpfgt! ekt.

25

ewouvcpegu! kpfkecvkpi! cp! kpvgpvkqp! vq! ecwug! fgcvj! qt!

26

ugtkqwu! dqfkn{! jcto/!

27

)F*! Tgegkxkpi! oknkvct{.v{rg! vtckpkpi! )cu! fg.

28

hkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 344;F)e*)2*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf!

29

Uvcvgu! Eqfg*! htqo! qt! qp! dgjcnh! qh! cp{! qticpk|cvkqp!

2;

vjcv-! cv! vjg! vkog! vjg! vtckpkpi! ycu! tgegkxgf-! ycu! c!

31

vgttqtkuv! qticpk|cvkqp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

32

323)c*)4*)D*)xk**//!

33

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

34 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

35 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! qp!

36 qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
907 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11152 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 43 of 443

53! 2 UGE/! 316/! WUG! QH! 2;97! KTEC! NGICNK\CVKQP! KPHQTOCVKQP!

3

HQT!PCVKQPCN!UGEWTKV[!RWTRQUGU/!

4

)c*! U

C

Y

/•Ugevkqp!

5 321)d*)7*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

6 W/U/E/!2271)d*)7**!ku!cogpfgf•!

7

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

8

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh!

9

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

;

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Fgrctv.

21

ogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

22

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-=!

23

)4*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*! cpf!

24

)F*! cu! uwdrctcitcrju! )F*! cpf! )G*-! tgurgevkxgn{=!

25

)5*!d{!kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj!)D*!vjg!hqn.

26

nqykpi<!

27

)E*!C

/•!

28

)k*! E

/•Vjg! Uge.

29

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-!

2;

kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg! hwtpkujkpi! qh! kp.

31

hqtocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp!

32

vjg! ucog! ocppgt! cpf! ektewouvcpegu! cu!

33

egpuwu! kphqtocvkqp! oc{! dg! fkuenqugf! wpfgt!

34

ugevkqp! 9! qh! vkvng! 24-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg/!

35

)kk*! P

.

36

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

37

tkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg!

•JT! 2259! KJ
908 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11153 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 44 of 443

54!

2

hwtpkujkpi-! wug-! rwdnkecvkqp-! qt! tgngcug! qh!

3

kphqtocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp!

4

cp{! kpxguvkicvkqp-! ecug-! qt! ocvvgt-! qt! hqt!

5

cp{! rwtrqug-! tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo-! pcvkqpcn!

6

kpvgnnkigpeg! qt! vjg! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{/=! cpf!

7

)6*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*-! cu! tgfgukipcvgf-! d{!

8

uvtkmkpi! Ugtxkeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

9

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

;

)d*! C

U

W

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.

21

T

E

C

2;97/•Ugevkqp!

22 356C)e*)6*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

23 W/U/E/!2366c)e*)6**-!ku!cogpfgf•!

24

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

25

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh!

26

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

27

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Fgrctv.

28

ogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

29

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-=!

2;

)4*! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*! vq! tgcf! cu!

31

hqnnqyu<!

32

)E*!C

/•!

33

)k*! E

/•Vjg! Uge.

34

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-!

35

kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg! hwtpkujkpi! qh! kp.

36

hqtocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
909 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11154 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 45 of 443

55!

2

vjg! ucog! ocppgt! cpf! ektewouvcpegu! cu!

3

egpuwu! kphqtocvkqp! oc{! dg! fkuenqugf! wpfgt!

4

ugevkqp! 9! qh! vkvng! 24-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg/!

5

)kk*! P

.

6

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

7

tkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg!

8

hwtpkujkpi-! wug-! rwdnkecvkqp-! qt! tgngcug! qh!

9

kphqtocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp!

;

cp{! kpxguvkicvkqp-! ecug-! qt! ocvvgt-! qt! hqt!

21

cp{! rwtrqug-! tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo-! pcvkqpcn!

22

kpvgnnkigpeg! qt! vjg! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{/=! cpf!

23

)5*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*)k*-! uvtkmkpi! Ugtxkeg!

24

cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

25 UGE/!317/!DCEMITQWPF!CPF!UGEWTKV[!EJGEMU/!

26

)c*!T

VE

D

!

27 U

E

/•Ugevkqp!214!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!

28 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2214*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi!

29 cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

2;

)j*! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy!

31 )uvcvwvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! dwv! pqv! nkokvgf! vq!

32 ugevkqp! 41;! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 218284-! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf!

33 2762! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*!

34 qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! pgkvjgt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

35 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! pqt! cp{! eqwtv!

36 oc{•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
910 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11155 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 46 of 443

56!

2

)2*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

3

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! vq!

4

vjcv! qh! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgu.

5

kfgpeg=!

6

)3*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

7

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ekvk|gpujkr!

8

qt! cp{! qvjgt! uvcvwu-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-!

9

gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv! wpfgt!

;

vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu=!

21

)4*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

22

vkqp! qh-! cp{! kookitcpv! qt! pqpkookitcpv! rgvkvkqp=! qt!

23

)5*! kuuwg! qt! qtfgt! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! fqew.

24

ogpvcvkqp! gxkfgpekpi! qt! tgncvgf! vq! cp{! uwej! itcpv-!

25

wpvkn! uwej! dcemitqwpf! cpf! ugewtkv{! ejgemu! cu! vjg!

26

Ugetgvct{! oc{! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp! tgswktg! jcxg! dggp!

27

eqorngvgf! qt! wrfcvgf! vq! vjg! ucvkuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Uge.

28

tgvct{/!

29

)k*!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy!)uvcv.

2; wvqt{!qt!pqpuvcvwvqt{*-!kpenwfkpi!dwv!pqv!nkokvgf!vq!ugevkqp!

31 41;! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 218284-! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh!

32 vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*! qh! vkvng!

33 6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!pgkvjgt!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

34 Ugewtkv{! pqt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! dg! tgswktgf! vq•!

35

)2*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

36

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! vq!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
911 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11156 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 47 of 443

57!

2

vjcv! qh! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgu.

3

kfgpeg-!

4

)3*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

5

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ekvk|gpujkr!

6

qt! cp{! qvjgt! uvcvwu-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-!

7

gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv! wpfgt!

8

vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu-!

9

)4*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

;

vkqp! qh-! cp{! kookitcpv! qt! pqpkookitcpv! rgvkvkqp-! qt!

21

)5*! kuuwg! qt! qtfgt! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! fqew.

22

ogpvcvkqp! gxkfgpekpi! qt! tgncvgf! vq! cp{! uwej! itcpv-!

23

wpvkn! cp{! uwurgevgf! qt! cnngigf! ocvgtkcnn{! hcnug! kphqt.

24

ocvkqp-! ocvgtkcn! okutgrtgugpvcvkqp! qt! qokuukqp-! eqp.

25

egcnogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn! hcev-! htcwf! qt! hqtigt{-! eqwp.

26

vgthgkvkpi-! qt! cnvgtcvkqp-! qt! hcnukhkecvkqp! qh! c! fqew.

27

ogpv-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! tgncvkpi! vq!

28

vjg! cflwfkecvkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! qt! rgvkvkqp! hqt! cp{!

29

uvcvwu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg! itcpvkpi! qh! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvc.

2;

vwu*-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv!

31

wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp! jcu! dggp! kpxguvkicvgf! cpf! tg.

32

uqnxgf! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ucvkuhcevkqp/!

33

)l*!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy!)uvcv.

34 wvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 41;! qh! vjg! Gp.

35 jcpegf! Dqtfgt! Ugewtkv{! cpf! Xkuc! Gpvt{! Tghqto! Cev! )9!

36 W/U/E/!2849*-!ugevkqpu!2472!cpf!2762!qh!vkvng!39-!Wpkvgf!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
912 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11157 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 48 of 443

58!

2 Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

3 Eqfg-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgswktg! cp{! qh!

4 vjg!cevu!kp!uwdugevkqp!)j*!qt!)k*!vq!dg!eqorngvgf!d{!c!egt.

5 vckp! vkog! qt! cyctf! cp{! tgnkgh! hqt! hcknwtg! vq! eqorngvg! qt!

6 fgnc{!kp!eqorngvkpi!uwej!cevu//!

7

)d*!E

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8

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/•Ejcrvgt! 5! qh! vkvng! KKK! qh! vjg!

9

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2612! gv!

;

ugs/*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

21



!

22

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/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! Cev!

23 qt! cp{! qvjgt! ncy-! gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )f*-!

24 ujcnn! dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! tgswktg! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

25 Ugewtkv{-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg-!vjg!

26 Ugetgvct{!qh!Ncdqt-!qt!c!eqpuwnct!qhhkegt!vq!itcpv!cp{!cr.

27 rnkecvkqp-! crrtqxg! cp{! rgvkvkqp-! qt! itcpv! qt! eqpvkpwg! cp{!

28 tgnkgh-!rtqvgevkqp!htqo!tgoqxcn-!gornq{ogpv!cwvjqtk|cvkqp-!

29 qt!cp{!qvjgt!uvcvwu!qt!dgpghkv!wpfgt!vjg!kookitcvkqp!ncyu!

2; d{-!vq-!qt!qp!dgjcnh!qh•!

31

)2*! cp{! cnkgp! fggogf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! dg!

32

fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*! qt! ugevkqp! 348)c*)5*=!

33

qt!

34

)3*! cp{! cnkgp! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjqo! c! etkokpcn!

35

qt! qvjgt!rtqeggfkpi!qt! kpxguvkicvkqp! ku!qrgp!qt!rgpf.

36

kpi! )kpenwfkpi-! dwv! pqv! nkokvgf! vq-! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp! ct.

37

tguv! ycttcpv-! fgvckpgt-! qt! kpfkevogpv*-! yjgtg! uwej!

•JT! 2259! KJ
913 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11158 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 49 of 443

59!

2

rtqeggfkpi! qt! kpxguvkicvkqp! ku! fggogf! d{! vjg! qhhkekcn!

3

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! vq! dg! ocvgtkcn! vq! vjg!

4

cnkgpu! gnkikdknkv{! hqt! vjg! uvcvwu! qt! dgpghkv! uqwijv/!

5

)d*! F

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/•Cp! qhhkekcn! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! oc{-! kp! vjg!

7 fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! qhhkekcn-! fgp{! )ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp! cnkgp!

8 fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! qt! )3*! qh! uwdugevkqp! )c**! qt!

9 ykvjjqnf! cflwfkecvkqp! qh! rgpfkpi! tguqnwvkqp! qh! vjg! kpxgu.

; vkicvkqp!qt!ecug!)ykvj!tgurgev!vq!cp!cnkgp!fguetkdgf!kp!uwd.

21 ugevkqp!)c*)3*!qh!vjku!ugevkqp*!cp{!crrnkecvkqp-!rgvkvkqp-!tg.

22 nkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-! gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-!

23 uvcvwu!qt!dgpghkv/!

24

)e*!L

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtq.

25 xkukqp!qh!ncy!)uvcvwvqt{!qt!pqpuvcvwvqt{*-!kpenwfkpi!ugevkqp!

26 41;!qh!vjg!Gpjcpegf!Dqtfgt!Ugewtkv{!cpf!Xkuc!Gpvt{!Tg.

27 hqto!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2849*-!ugevkqpu!2472!cpf!2762!qh!vkvng!

28 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*! qh! vkvng! 6-!

29 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!pq!eqwtv!ujcnn!jcxg!lwtkufkevkqp!vq!tg.

2; xkgy!c!fgekukqp!vq!fgp{!qt!ykvjjqnf!cflwfkecvkqp!rwtuwcpv!

31 vq!uwdugevkqp!)d*!qh!vjku!ugevkqp/!

32

)f*! Y

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33 E

/•Vjku! ugevkqp! fqgu! pqv! nkokv! qt! oqfkh{! vjg!

34 crrnkecdknkv{! qh! ugevkqp! 352)d*)4*! qt! vjg! Wpkvgf! Pcvkqpu!

35 Eqpxgpvkqp!Cickpuv!Vqtvwtg!cpf!Qvjgt!Etwgn-!Kpjwocp!qt!

36 Fgitcfkpi! Vtgcvogpv! qt! Rwpkujogpv-! uwdlgev! vq! cp{! tgu.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
914 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11159 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 50 of 443

5;! 2 gtxcvkqpu-! wpfgtuvcpfkpiu-! fgenctcvkqpu! cpf! rtqxkuqu! eqp.

3 vckpgf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Ugpcvg! tguqnwvkqp! qh! tcvkhkec.

4 vkqp! qh! vjg! Eqpxgpvkqp-! cu! korngogpvgf! d{! ugevkqp! 3353!

5 qh! vjg! Hqtgkip! Chhcktu! Tghqto! cpf! Tguvtwevwtkpi! Cev! qh!

6 2;;9! )Rwdnke! Ncy!216388*!ykvj! tgurgev!vq!cp!cnkgp! qvj.

7 gtykug!gnkikdng!hqt!rtqvgevkqp!wpfgt!uwej!rtqxkukqpu//!

8

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

9

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vjg!

;

kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 472! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

Uge/ 473/ Eqpuvtwevkqp//!

21

)e*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

22 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

23 qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!crrnkecvkqpu!hqt!kookitcvkqp!

24 dgpghkvu!rgpfkpi!qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

25 UGE/! 318/! VGEJPKECN! COGPFOGPVU! TGNCVKPI! VQ! VJG! KP.

26

VGNNKIGPEG! TGHQTO! CPF! VGTTQTKUO! RTG.

27

XGPVKQP!CEV!QH!3115/!

28

)c*! V

Y

XR

/•Ugevkqp!

29 831;)f*!qh!vjg!Kpvgnnkigpeg!Tghqto!cpf!Vgttqtkuo!Rtgxgp.

2; vkqp! Cev! qh! 3115! )9! W/U/E/! 2296! pqvg*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

31 uvtkmkpi!vjg!Ugetgvct{-!kp!eqplwpevkqp!ykvj!vjg!Ugetgvct{!

32 qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

33 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

34 Uvcvg-/!

35

)d*! V

C

F

!

36 R /•Ugevkqp!8312)e*)2*!qh!uwej!Cev!ku!cogpfgf!d{!kp.

•JT! 2259! KJ
915 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1115; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 51 of 443

61!

2 ugtvkpi!cpf!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Uvcvg!chvgt!wugf!d{!vjg!

3 Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

4

VKVNG!KKKTGOQXCN!QH!

5

ETKOKPCN!CNKGPU!

6 UGE/!412/!FGHKPKVKQP!QH!CIITCXCVGF!HGNQP[/!

7

)c*! F

C

H

/•Ugevkqp!

8 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

9 W/U/E/!2212)c*)54**!ku!cogpfgf•!

;

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Vjg! vgto! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{!

21

ogcpu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt!

22

rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! vjg! vgto! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{! crrnkgu!

23

vq! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj-! yjgvjgt! kp!

24

xkqncvkqp! qh! Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! ncy-! qt! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh!

25

vjg! ncy! qh! c! hqtgkip! eqwpvt{! hqt! yjkej! vjg! vgto! qh!

26

kortkuqpogpv! ycu! eqorngvgf! ykvjkp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! 26!

27

{gctu-! gxgp! kh! vjg! ngpivj! qh! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv!

28

hqt! vjg! qhhgpug! ku! dcugf! qp! tgekfkxkuv! qt! qvjgt! gp.

29

jcpegogpvu! cpf! tgictfnguu! qh! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp!

2;

ycu! gpvgtgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 2;;7-!

31

cpf! ogcpu=!

32

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! owtfgt-!

33

tcrg-! qt! ugzwcn! cdwug! qh! c! okpqt=! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

34

owtfgt-! ocpuncwijvgt-! jqokekfg-! tcrg! )yjgvjgt! vjg!

35

xkevko! ycu! eqpuekqwu! qt! wpeqpuekqwu*-! qt! cp{! qhhgpug!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
916 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11161 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 52 of 443

62!

2

qh! c! ugzwcn! pcvwtg! kpxqnxkpi! c! xkevko! wpfgt! vjg! cig!

3

qh! 29! {gctu==!

4

)4*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! 3363!

5

cpf! kpugtvkpi! 3363-! qt! 3363C=!

6

)5*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )H*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cv! ngcuv!

7

qpg! {gct=! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ku! cv! ngcuv! qpg! {gct-! gzegrv!

8

vjcv! kh! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! gu.

9

vcdnkuj! yjgvjgt! c! etkog! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xkq.

;

ngpeg-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! eqpukfgt! qvjgt! gxk.

21

fgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! vjcv! engctn{! guvcd.

22

nkujgu! vjcv! vjg! eqpfwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! gp.

23

icigf! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg==!

24

)6*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )P*•!

25

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )2*)C*! qt! )3*!

26

qh=! cpf!

27

)D*! d{! kpugtvkpi! c! ugokeqnqp! cv! vjg! gpf=!

28

)7*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )Q*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp!

29

386)c*! qt! 387! eqookvvgf! d{! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ycu! rtg.

2;

xkqwun{! fgrqtvgf! qp! vjg! dcuku! qh! c! eqpxkevkqp! hqt! cp!

31

qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! cpqvjgt! uwdrctcitcrj! qh! vjku!

32

rctcitcrj! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 386! qt! 387! hqt!

33

yjkej! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! ku! cv! ngcuv! 2! {gct=!

34

)8*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cv.

35

vgorv! qt! eqpurktce{! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf!

36

kp! vjku! rctcitcrj! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cvvgorvkpi! qt!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
917 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11162 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 53 of 443

63!

2

eqpurktkpi! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku!

3

rctcitcrj-! qt! ckfkpi-! cdgvvkpi-! eqwpugnkpi-! rtq.

4

ewtkpi-! eqoocpfkpi-!kpfwekpi-! qt! uqnkekvkpi!vjg! eqo.

5

okuukqp! qh! uwej! cp! qhhgpug=! cpf!

6

)9*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! wpfgukipcvgf! ocvvgt! hqn.

7

nqykpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*/!

8

)d*! G

F =! C

C.

9

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;

)2*! K

/•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

21

uwdugevkqp!)c*•!

22

)C*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gp.

23

cevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

24

)D*! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! cev! qt! eqpxkevkqp!

25

vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

26

)3*! C

/•!

27

Vjg!cogpfogpvu!vq!ugevkqp!212)c*)54*!qh! vjg! Kook.

28

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)54**!

29

ocfg! d{! ugevkqp! 432! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tg.

2;

hqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )fk.

31

xkukqp! E! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 215319=! 221! Uvcv/! 411;!

32

738*! ujcnn! eqpvkpwg! vq! crrn{-! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp!

33

ycu! gpvgtgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 2;;7/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
918 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11163 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 54 of 443

64! 2 UGE/! 413/! RTGENWFKPI! CFOKUUKDKNKV[! QH! CNKGPU! EQP.

3

XKEVGF! QH! CIITCXCVGF! HGNQPKGU! QT!

4

QVJGT!UGTKQWU!QHHGPUGU/!

5

)c*! K

E

T

!

6I

=! Y

/•Ugevkqp! 323! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

7 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2293*!ku!cogpfgf•!

8

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*)k*•!

9

)C*! kp! uwdencwug! )K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv!

;

vjg! gpf=!

21

)D*! kp! uwdencwug! )KK*-! d{! cffkpi! qt! cv!

22

vjg! gpf=! cpf!

23

)E*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdencwug! )KK*! vjg!

24

hqnnqykpi<!

25

)KKK*! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! )qt! c! eqp.

26

urktce{! qt! cvvgorv! vq! xkqncvg*! cp! qh.

27

hgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 519! qh! vkvng!

28

53-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq!

29

uqekcn! ugewtkv{! ceeqwpv! pwodgtu! qt! uq.

2;

ekcn! ugewtkv{! ectfu*! qt! ugevkqp! 2139! qh!

31

vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi!

32

vq! htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp! eqp.

33

pgevkqp! ykvj! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! fqewogpvu-!

34

cwvjgpvkecvkqp! hgcvwtgu-! cpf! kphqtoc.

35

vkqp*-=!

36

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! qh! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*!

37

vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

•JT! 2259! KJ
919 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11164 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 55 of 443

65!

2

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!

3

/•Cp{! cnkgp!

4

eqpxkevgf! qh-! qt! yjq! cfokvu! jcxkpi! eqookvvgf-!

5

qt! yjq! cfokvu! eqookvvkpi! cevu! yjkej! eqpuvkvwvg!

6

vjg! guugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh-! c! xkqncvkqp! qh-! qt! cp!

7

cvvgorv! qt! c! eqpurktce{! vq! xkqncvg-! uwdugevkqp!

8

)c*! qt! )d*! qh! ugevkqp! 2536! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf!

9

Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! rtqewtgogpv! qh!

;

ekvk|gpujkr! qt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! wpncyhwnn{*! ku! kpcf.

21

okuukdng/!

22

)M*! E

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23

cnkgp! yjq! cv! cp{! vkog! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! wpfgt!

24

cp{! ncy! qh-! qt! yjq! cfokvu! jcxkpi! eqookvvgf! qt!

25

cfokvu!eqookvvkpi! cevu! yjkej!eqpuvkvwvg!vjg!gu.

26

ugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh-! rwtejcukpi-! ugnnkpi-! qhhgtkpi!

27

hqt! ucng-! gzejcpikpi-! wukpi-! qypkpi-! rquuguukpi-!

28

qt! ectt{kpi-! qt! qh! cvvgorvkpi! qt! eqpurktkpi! vq!

29

rwtejcug-! ugnn-! qhhgt! hqt! ucng-! gzejcpig-! wug-!

2;

qyp-! rquuguu-! qt! ectt{-! cp{! ygcrqp-! rctv-! qt! ce.

31

eguuqt{! yjkej! ku! c! hktgcto! qt! fguvtwevkxg! fgxkeg!

32

)cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! ;32)c*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf!

33

Uvcvgu! Eqfg*! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! cp{! ncy! ku! kpcfoku.

34

ukdng/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
920 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11165 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 56 of 443

66!

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eqookvvgf! qt! cfokvu! eqookvvkpi! cevu!

22

yjkej! eqpuvkvwvg! vjg! guugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh-!

23

c! etkog! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg-! c! etkog! qh!

24

uvcnmkpi-! qt! c! etkog! qh! ejknf! cdwug-! ejknf!

25

pgingev-! qt! ejknf! cdcpfqpogpv! ku! kpcfoku.

26

ukdng/!Hqt!rwtrqugu! qh!vjku!encwug-! vjg! vgto!

27

etkog! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg! ogcpu! cp{!

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etkog! qh! xkqngpeg! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 27!

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2;

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31

urqwug! qh! vjg! rgtuqp-!d{!cp! kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj!

32

yjqo! vjg! rgtuqp! ujctgu! c! ejknf! kp! eqo.

33

oqp-! d{! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! yjq! ku! eqjcdkvkpi!

34

ykvj! qt! jcu! eqjcdkvgf! ykvj! vjg! rgtuqp! cu! c!

35

urqwug-! d{! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! ukoknctn{! ukvwcvgf!

36

vq! c! urqwug! qh! vjg! rgtuqp! wpfgt! vjg! fqogu.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
921 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11166 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 57 of 443

67!

2

vke! qt! hcokn{! xkqngpeg! ncyu! qh! vjg! lwtkufke.

3

vkqp! yjgtg! vjg! qhhgpug! qeewtu-! qt! d{! cp{!

4

qvjgt! kpfkxkfwcn! cickpuv! c! rgtuqp! yjq! ku!

5

rtqvgevgf! htqo! vjcv! kpfkxkfwcnu! cevu! wpfgt!

6

vjg! fqoguvke! qt! hcokn{! xkqngpeg! ncyu! qh! vjg!

7

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt! cp{! Uvcvg-! Kpfkcp! vtkdcn!

8

iqxgtpogpv-! qt! wpkv! qh! nqecn! qt! hqtgkip! iqx.

9

gtpogpv/!

;

)kk*! X

.

21

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq! cv! cp{! vkog! ku! gp.

22

lqkpgf! wpfgt! c! rtqvgevkqp! qtfgt! kuuwgf! d{!

23

c! eqwtv! cpf! yjqo! vjg! eqwtv! fgvgtokpgu!

24

jcu! gpicigf! kp! eqpfwev! vjcv! xkqncvgu! vjg!

25

rqtvkqp! qh! c! rtqvgevkqp! qtfgt! vjcv! kpxqnxgu!

26

rtqvgevkqp! cickpuv! etgfkdng! vjtgcvu! qh! xkq.

27

ngpeg-! tgrgcvgf! jctcuuogpv-! qt! dqfkn{! kp.

28

lwt{! vq! vjg! rgtuqp! qt! rgtuqpu! hqt! yjqo! vjg!

29

rtqvgevkqp! qtfgt! ycu! kuuwgf! ku! kpcfokuukdng/!

2;

Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! encwug-! vjg! vgto! rtq.

31

vgevkqp! qtfgt! ogcpu! cp{! kplwpevkqp! kuuwgf!

32

hqt! vjg! rwtrqug! qh! rtgxgpvkpi! xkqngpv! qt!

33

vjtgcvgpkpi! cevu! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg-! kp.

34

enwfkpi! vgorqtct{! qt! hkpcn! qtfgtu! kuuwgf! d{!

35

ekxkn!qt!etkokpcn!eqwtvu! )qvjgt! vjcp!uwrrqtv!

36

qt! ejknf! ewuvqf{! qtfgtu! qt! rtqxkukqpu*!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
922 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11167 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 58 of 443

68!

2

yjgvjgt! qdvckpgf! d{! hknkpi! cp! kpfgrgpfgpv!

3

cevkqp! qt! cu! c! kpfgrgpfgpv! qtfgt! kp! cp.

4

qvjgt! rtqeggfkpi/!

5

)kkk*! Y

/•Vjg!

6

yckxgt! cwvjqtkv{! cxckncdng! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

7

348)c*)8*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! ugevkqp!

8

348)c*)3*)G*)k*! ujcnn! dg! cxckncdng! qp! c!

9

eqorctcdng! dcuku! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjku! uwd.

;

rctcitcrj/!

21

)kx*! E

/•Kh! vjg! eqpxke.

22

vkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! guvcdnkuj!

23

yjgvjgt! c! etkog! qh! fqoguvke! xkqngpeg! eqp.

24

uvkvwvgu! c! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg! )cu! fghkpgf! kp!

25

ugevkqp! 27! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*-!

26

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! eqpukfgt! qvjgt!

27

gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! vjcv!

28

engctn{! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg! eqpfwev! hqt!

29

yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf! eqpuvkvwvgu! c!

2;

etkog! qh! xkqngpeg/=! cpf!

31

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )j*•!

32

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn!

33

oc{-! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! yckxg! vjg! crrnkecvkqp! qh!

34

uwdrctcitcrju! )C*)k*)K*-! )D*-! )F*-! cpf! )G*! qh!

35

uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

36

Igpgtcn! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
923 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11168 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 59 of 443

69!

2

oc{-! kp! vjg! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn!

3

qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! yckxg! vjg! crrnkecvkqp! qh! uwd.

4

rctcitcrju! )C*)k*)K*-! )KKK*-! )D*-! )F*-! )G*-! )M*-!

5

cpf! )O*! qh! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*=!

6

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! c! etkokpcn! cev! kpxqnxkpi!

7

vqtvwtg/! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! etkokpcn! cev! kpxqnxkpi!

8

vqtvwtg-! qt! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! cp! ciitcxcvgf!

9

hgnqp{/=!

;

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kh! gkvjgt! ukpeg! vjg! fcvg! qh!

21

uwej! cfokuukqp! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh!

22

cp! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{! qt! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

23

kh! ukpeg! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! cfokuukqp! vjg! cnkgp=!

24

cpf!

25

)F*! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

26

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! chvgt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn!

27

gcej!rnceg!kv!crrgctu/!

28

)d*! F

=! E

Q

/•Ugevkqp!

29 348)c*)4*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

2; W/U/E/!2338)c*)4*)D**!ku!cogpfgf•!

31

)2*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

32

)3*! kp! encwug! )kkk*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

33

cpf!

34

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kkk*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

35

)kx*! qh! c! xkqncvkqp! qh-! qt! cp! cvvgorv!

36

qt! c! eqpurktce{! vq! xkqncvg-! ugevkqp! 2536)c*!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
924 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11169 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 60 of 443

6;!

2

qt! )d*! qh! vkvng! 29! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! rtqewtg.

3

ogpv! qh! ekvk|gpujkr! qt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! wp.

4

ncyhwnn{*-/!

5

)e*!F

=!Q E

Q

/•!

6 Ugevkqp!348)c*)3*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!

7 )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf!

8 vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

9

)I*! H

.

;

.

21

/•Cp{!

22

cnkgp! yjq! cv! cp{! vkog! chvgt! cfokuukqp! jcu! dggp!

23

eqpxkevgf! qh! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! )qt! c! eqpurktce{! qt!

24

cvvgorv! vq! xkqncvg*! ugevkqp! 319! qh! vjg! Uqekcn! Ug.

25

ewtkv{! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 519*! )tgncvkpi! vq! uqekcn!

26

ugewtkv{! ceeqwpv! pwodgtu! qt! uqekcn! ugewtkv{!

27

ectfu*! qt! ugevkqp! 2139! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

28

Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq! htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp!

29

eqppgevkqp! ykvj! kfgpvkhkecvkqp*! ku! fgrqtvcdng//!

2;

)f*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

31 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!crrn{•!

32

)2*! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

33

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

34

)3*! vq! cnn! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! tgswktgf! vq! guvcdnkuj!

35

cfokuukdknkv{! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! kp! cnn! tg.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
925 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1116; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 61 of 443

71!

2

oqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu! vjcv! ctg!

3

hkngf-! rgpfkpi-! qt! tgqrgpgf-! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

4

)g*!E

/•Vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!uwd.

5 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! pqv! dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! etgcvg! gnkikdknkv{! hqt!

6 tgnkgh!htqo!tgoqxcn!wpfgt!hqtogt!ugevkqp!323)e*!qh!vjg!Ko.

7 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! yjgtg! uwej! gnkikdknkv{! fkf!

8 pqv!gzkuv!dghqtg!vjgug!cogpfogpvu!dgecog!ghhgevkxg/!

9 UGE/!414/!GURKQPCIG!ENCTKHKECVKQP/!

;

Ugevkqp!323)c*)4*)C*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqp.

21 cnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)4*)C**-! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf!

22 cu!hqnnqyu<!

23

)C*! K

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq! c! eqp.

24

uwnct! qhhkegt-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! qt! vjg! Uge.

25

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! mpqyu-! qt! jcu! tgc.

26

uqpcdng! itqwpf! vq! dgnkgxg-! uggmu! vq! gpvgt! vjg!

27

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq! gpicig! uqngn{-! rtkpekrcnn{-! qt!

28

kpekfgpvcnn{! kp-! qt! yjq! ku! gpicigf! kp-! qt! ykvj! tg.

29

urgev! vq! encwugu! )k*! cpf! )kkk*! qh! vjku! uwdrctc.

2;

itcrj! jcu! gpicigf! kp•!

31

)k*! cp{! cevkxkv{!

32

)K*! vq! xkqncvg! cp{! ncy! qh! vjg!

33

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! tgncvkpi! vq! gurkqpcig! qt!

34

ucdqvcig=! qt!

35

)KK*! vq! xkqncvg! qt! gxcfg! cp{! ncy!

36

rtqjkdkvkpi! vjg! gzrqtv! htqo! vjg!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
926 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11171 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 62 of 443

72!

2

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qh! iqqfu-! vgejpqnqi{-! qt!

3

ugpukvkxg!kphqtocvkqp=!

4

)kk*! cp{! qvjgt! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{=! qt!

5

)kkk*! cp{! cevkxkv{! c! rwtrqug! qh! yjkej!

6

ku! vjg! qrrqukvkqp! vq-! qt! vjg! eqpvtqn! qt! qxgt.

7

vjtqy! qh-! vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

8

Uvcvgu! d{! hqteg-! xkqngpeg-! qt! qvjgt! wpncyhwn!

9

ogcpu=!

;

ku!kpcfokuukdng//!

21 UGE/! 415/! RTQJKDKVKQP! QH! VJG! UCNG! QH! HKTGCTOU! VQ-! QT!

22

VJG! RQUUGUUKQP! QH! HKTGCTOU! D[-! EGTVCKP!

23

CNKGPU/!

24

Ugevkqp! ;33! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

25 cogpfgf•!

26

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )f*)6*-! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*-!

27

d{! uvtkmkpi! ){*)3*! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! cpf! kpugtv.

28

kpi! ){*-! ku! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp! ncy.

29

hwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg==!

2;

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )i*)6*-! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*-!

31

d{! uvtkmkpi! ){*)3*! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! cpf! kpugtv.

32

kpi! ){*-! ku! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp! ncy.

33

hwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg==! cpf!

34

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! ){*•!

35

)C*! kp! vjg! jgcfgt-! d{! uvtkmkpi! C

!

36

W

P

X /! cpf! kpugtv.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
927 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11172 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 63 of 443

73!

2

kpi! P N

C

R.

3

T

/=!

4

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwd.

5

rctcitcrj! )D*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

6

)D*! vjg! vgto! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgt.

7

ocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! jcu! vjg! ucog! ogcpkpi! cu! kp!

8

ugevkqp! 212)c*)31*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

9

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)31**/=!

;

)E*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! wpfgt! c!

21

pqpkookitcpv! xkuc! cpf! kpugtvkpi! dwv! pqv! ncy.

22

hwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg=! cpf!

23

)F*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cf.

24

okvvgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! wpfgt! c! pqp.

25

kookitcpv! xkuc! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ncyhwnn{! cfokv.

26

vgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! dwv! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp!

27

ncyhwnn{!cfokvvgf!hqt!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpeg/!

28 UGE/! 416/! WPKHQTO! UVCVWVG! QH! NKOKVCVKQPU! HQT! EGT.

29

VCKP! KOOKITCVKQP-! PCVWTCNK\CVKQP-! CPF!

2;

RGQPCIG!QHHGPUGU/!

31

Ugevkqp! 43;2! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

32 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! Pq! rgtuqp! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu!

33 vjtqwij!vjg!rgtkqf!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!kpugtvkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

34 Pq! rgtuqp! ujcnn! dg! rtqugewvgf-! vtkgf-! qt! rwpkujgf! hqt! c!

35 xkqncvkqp!qh!cp{!ugevkqp!qh!ejcrvgtu!7;!)tgncvkpi!vq!pcvkqp.

36 cnkv{! cpf! ekvk|gpujkr! qhhgpugu*! cpf! 86! )tgncvkpi! vq! rcuu.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
928 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11173 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 64 of 443

74!

2 rqtv-! xkuc-! cpf! kookitcvkqp! qhhgpugu*-! qt! hqt! c! xkqncvkqp!

3 qh! cp{! etkokpcn! rtqxkukqp! qh! ugevkqpu! 354-! 377-! 385-! 386-!

4 387-!388-!qt!389!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev-!

5 qt!hqt!cp!cvvgorv!qt!eqpurktce{!vq!xkqncvg!cp{!uwej!ugevkqp-!

6 wpnguu! vjg! kpfkevogpv! ku! tgvwtpgf! qt! vjg! kphqtocvkqp! ku!

7 hkngf! ykvjkp! vgp! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! eqookuukqp! qh! vjg! qh.

8 hgpug//!

9 UGE/! 417/! EQPHQTOKPI! COGPFOGPV! VQ! VJG! FGHKPKVKQP!

;

QH!TCEMGVGGTKPI!CEVKXKV[/!

21

Ugevkqp! 2;72)2*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

22 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp! 2653! vjtqwij! ugevkqp!

23 2657!)tgncvkpi!vq!htcwf!cpf!okuwug!qh!xkucu-!rgtokvu-!cpf!

24 qvjgt!fqewogpvu*!cpf!kpugtvkpi!ugevkqpu!26522659!)tg.

25 ncvkpi!vq!rcuurqtvu!cpf!xkucu*/!

26 UGE/! 418/! EQPHQTOKPI! COGPFOGPVU! HQT! VJG! CIITC.

27

XCVGF!HGNQP[!FGHKPKVKQP/!

28

)c*! K I

/•Uwdrctcitcrj! )R*! qh! ugevkqp!

29 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

2; W/U/E/!2212)c*)54**!ku!cogpfgf•!

31

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! )k*! yjkej! gkvjgt! ku! hcnugn{! ocm.

32

kpi-! hqtikpi-! eqwpvgthgkvkpi-! owvkncvkpi-! qt! cnvgtkpi! c!

33

rcuurqtv! qt! kpuvtwogpv! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 2654!

34

qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! ku! fguetkdgf! kp!

35

ugevkqp! 2657)c*! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! fqewogpv!

36

htcwf*! cpf! )kk*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjkej! ku! fguetkdgf! kp!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
929 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11174 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 65 of 443

75!

2

cp{! ugevkqp! qh! ejcrvgt! 86! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

3

Eqfg-=! cpf!

4

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! hktuv! qhhgpug! vjg! hqn.

5

nqykpi<! )k*! vjcv! ku! pqv! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 2659! qh!

6

uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! kpetgcugf! rgpcnvkgu*-! cpf! )kk*/!

7

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

8 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

9 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cevu!vjcv!qeewt!dghqtg-!

; qp-!qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

21 UGE/!419/!RTGENWFKPI!TGHWIGG!QT!CU[NGG!CFLWUVOGPV!

22

QH!UVCVWU!HQT!CIITCXCVGF!HGNQPU/!

23

)c*!K I

/•Ugevkqp!31;)e*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!

24 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 226;)e**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

25 cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjgtgqh! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Jqygxgt-! cp!

26 cnkgp!yjq!ku!eqpxkevgf!qh!cp!ciitcxcvgf!hgnqp{!ku!pqv!gnkik.

27 dng! hqt! c! yckxgt! qt! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! wpfgt! vjku!

28 ugevkqp//!

29

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

2; uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!crrn{•!

31

)2*! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

32

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

33

)3*! vq! cnn! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! tgswktgf! vq! guvcdnkuj!

34

cfokuukdknkv{! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! kp! cnn! tg.

35

oqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu! vjcv! ctg!

36

hkngf-! rgpfkpi-! qt! tgqrgpgf-! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
930 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11175 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 66 of 443

76! 2 UGE/! 41;/! RTGENWFKPI! YKVJJQNFKPI! QH! TGOQXCN! HQT!

3

CIITCXCVGF!HGNQPU/!

4

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)d*)4*)D*! )9! W/U/E/!

5 2342)d*)4*)D**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 312-! ku! hwtvjgt!

6 cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )x*-! cu! kpugtvgf! d{! uge.

7 vkqp!312-!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

8

)xk*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! eqpxkevgf! qh! cp! ci.

9

itcxcvgf! hgnqp{//!

;

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

21 uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!crrn{•!

22

)2*! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

23

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

24

)3*! vq! cnn! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! tgswktgf! vq! guvcdnkuj!

25

cfokuukdknkv{! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! kp! cnn! tg.

26

oqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu! vjcv! ctg!

27

hkngf-! rgpfkpi-! qt! tgqrgpgf! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

28 UGE/! 421/! KPCFOKUUKDKNKV[-! FGRQTVCDKNKV[-! CPF! FGVGP.

29

VKQP!QH!FTWPM!FTKXGTU/!

2;

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kook.

31 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)54**! )cu!

32 cogpfgf!d{!vjku!Cev*!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

33

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )V*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf=!

34

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

35

cv! vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! cpf=! cpf!

36

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*! vjg! hqn.

37

nqykpi<!

•JT! 2259! KJ
931 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11176 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 67 of 443

77!

2

)X*! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! eqpxkevkqp! hqt!

3

ftkxkpi! yjkng! kpvqzkecvgf! )kpenwfkpi! c! eqpxkevkqp!

4

hqt! ftkxkpi! yjkng! wpfgt! vjg! kphnwgpeg! qh! qt! ko.

5

rcktgf! d{! cneqjqn! qt! ftwiu*! ykvjqwv! tgictf! vq!

6

yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! ku! encuukhkgf! cu! c! oku.

7

fgogcpqt! qt! hgnqp{! wpfgt! Uvcvg! ncy//!

8

)d*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 347)e*)2*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

9 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2337)e*)2**!ku!cogpf.

; gf•!

21

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv!

22

vjg!gpf=!

23

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*-! d{! cffkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

24

gpf=!cpf!

25

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*! vjg! hqn.

26

nqykpi<!

27

)G*! ku! wpncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

28

Uvcvgu! cpf! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qpg! qt! ownvkrng!

29

vkogu! hqt! ftkxkpi! yjkng! kpvqzkecvgf! )kpenwfkpi! c!

2;

eqpxkevkqp! hqt! ftkxkpi! yjkng! wpfgt! vjg! kphnwgpeg!

31

qt! korcktgf! d{! cneqjqn! qt! ftwiu*! ykvjqwv! tgictf!

32

vq! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! ku! encuukhkgf! cu! c! oku.

33

fgogcpqt! qt! hgnqp{! wpfgt! Uvcvg! ncy-/!

34

)e*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

35 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
932 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11177 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 68 of 443

78!

2 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! crrn{! vq! eqpxkevkqpu! gpvgtgf! qp! qt! chvgt!

3 uwej!fcvg/!

4 UGE/!422/!FGVGPVKQP!QH!FCPIGTQWU!CNKGPU/!

5

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

6 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

7

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

8

kv! crrgctu-! gzegrv! hqt! vjg! hktuv! tghgtgpeg! kp! rctc.

9

itcrj! )5*)D*)k*-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

;

ncpf!Ugewtkv{=!

21

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctc.

22

itcrj! )D*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

23

)D*! D

/•Vjg! tg.

24

oqxcn! rgtkqf! dgikpu! qp! vjg! ncvguv! qh! vjg! hqn.

25

nqykpi<!

26

)k*! Vjg! fcvg! vjg!qtfgt! qh!tgoqxcn! dg.

27

eqogu!cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{!hkpcn/!

28

)kk*! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv! kp! vjg! ewuvqf{!

29

qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjg! qtfgt! qh!

2;

tgoqxcn!dgeqogu! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! hkpcn-! vjg!

31

fcvg! vjg! cnkgp! ku! vcmgp! kpvq! uwej! ewuvqf{/!

32

)kkk*! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fgvckpgf! qt! eqp.

33

hkpgf! )gzegrv! wpfgt! cp! kookitcvkqp! rtqe.

34

guu*! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! dg.

35

eqogu! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! hkpcn-! vjg! fcvg! vjg!

36

cnkgp! ku! vcmgp! kpvq! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Uge.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
933 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11178 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 69 of 443

79!

2

tgvct{-! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf! htqo! uwej!

3

fgvgpvkqp! qt! eqphkpgogpv/=!

4

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctc.

5

itcrj! )E*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

6

)E*!U

/•!

7

)k*! G

/•Vjg! tgoqxcn! rgtkqf!

8

ujcnn! dg! gzvgpfgf! dg{qpf! c! rgtkqf! qh! ;1!

9

fc{u! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{-! kp! vjg! Uge.

;

tgvct{u! uqng! fkuetgvkqp-! mggr! vjg! cnkgp! kp!

21

fgvgpvkqp! fwtkpi! uwej! gzvgpfgf! rgtkqf! kh•!

22

)K*! vjg! cnkgp! hcknu! qt! tghwugu! vq!

23

ocmg! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! ghhqtvu! vq! eqorn{!

24

ykvj! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! qt! vq! hwnn{! eq.

25

qrgtcvg! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ghhqtvu! vq!

26

guvcdnkuj! vjg! cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf! ectt{!

27

qwv! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! kpenwfkpi! ocm.

28

kpi! vkogn{! crrnkecvkqp! kp! iqqf! hckvj!

29

hqt! vtcxgn! qt! qvjgt! fqewogpvu! pge.

2;

guuct{! vq! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! qt! eqp.

31

urktgu! qt! cevu! vq! rtgxgpv! vjg! cnkgpu!

32

tgoqxcn! vjcv! ku! uwdlgev! vq! cp! qtfgt! qh!

33

tgoqxcn=!

34

)KK*! c! eqwtv-! vjg! Dqctf! qh! Kook.

35

itcvkqp! Crrgcnu-! qt! cp! kookitcvkqp!

36

lwfig! qtfgtu! c! uvc{! qh! tgoqxcn! qh! cp!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
934 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11179 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 70 of 443

7;!

2

cnkgp! yjq! ku! uwdlgev! vq! cp! cfokpkuvtc.

3

vkxgn{! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn=!

4

)KKK*! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vtcpuhgtu!

5

ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! cnkgp! rwtuwcpv! vq! ncy!

6

vq! cpqvjgt! Hgfgtcn! cigpe{! qt! c! Uvcvg!

7

qt! nqecn! iqxgtpogpv! cigpe{! kp! eqppge.

8

vkqp! ykvj! vjg! qhhkekcn! fwvkgu! qh! uwej!

9

cigpe{=! qt!

;

)KX*! c! eqwtv! qt! vjg! Dqctf! qh!

21

Kookitcvkqp! Crrgcnu! qtfgtu! c! tgocpf!

22

vq! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig! qt! vjg! Dqctf!

23

qh! Kookitcvkqp! Crrgcnu-! fwtkpi! vjg!

24

vkog! rgtkqf! yjgp! vjg! ecug! ku! rgpfkpi!

25

c! fgekukqp! qp! tgocpf! )ykvj! vjg! tg.

26

oqxcn! rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! cpgy! qp! vjg!

27

fcvg!vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! ku! qtfgtgf! tgoqxgf!

28

qp!tgocpf*/!

29

)kk*! T

/•Kh! vjg! tgoqxcn! rg.

2;

tkqf! jcu! dggp! gzvgpfgf! wpfgt! encwug! )E*)k*-!

31

c! pgy! tgoqxcn! rgtkqf! ujcnn! dg! fggogf! vq!

32

jcxg! dgiwp! qp! vjg! fcvg•!

33

)K*! vjg! cnkgp! ocmgu! cnn! tgcuqp.

34

cdng! ghhqtvu! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! vjg! tg.

35

oqxcn! qtfgt-! qt! vq! hwnn{! eqqrgtcvg! ykvj!

36

vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ghhqtvu! vq! guvcdnkuj! vjg!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
935 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1117; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 71 of 443

81!

2

cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf! ectt{! qwv! vjg! tg.

3

oqxcn! qtfgt=!

4

)KK*! vjg! uvc{! qh! tgoqxcn! ku! pq!

5

nqpigt! kp! ghhgev=! qt!

6

)KKK*!vjg! cnkgp!ku!tgvwtpgf! vq!vjg!

7

ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{/!

8

)kkk*! O

!

9

/•Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp!

;

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrju! )C*! vjtqwij!

21

)F*! qh! ugevkqp! 347)e*)2*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

22

ujcnn! mggr! vjcv! cnkgp! kp! fgvgpvkqp! fwtkpi!

23

vjg! gzvgpfgf! rgtkqf! fguetkdgf! kp! encwug! )k*/!

24

)kx*! U

/•Cp!

25

cnkgp! oc{! uggm! tgnkgh! htqo! fgvgpvkqp! wpfgt!

26

vjku! uwdrctcitcrj! qpn{! d{! hknkpi! cp! crrnk.

27

ecvkqp! hqt! c! ytkv! qh! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! kp! ce.

28

eqtfcpeg! ykvj! ejcrvgt! 264! qh! vkvng! 39-!

29

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg/! Pq! cnkgp! yjqug! rgtkqf!

2;

qh! fgvgpvkqp! ku! gzvgpfgf! wpfgt! vjku! uwd.

31

rctcitcrj! ujcnn! jcxg! vjg! tkijv! vq! uggm! tg.

32

ngcug!qp!dqpf/=!

33

)5*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*•!

34

)C*! d{! cffkpi! chvgt! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! fqgu! pqv!

35

ngcxg! qt! ku! pqv! tgoqxgf! ykvjkp! vjg! tgoqxcn! rg.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
936 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11181 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 72 of 443

82!

2

tkqf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! qt! ku! pqv! fgvckpgf! rwtuw.

3

cpv! vq! rctcitcrj! )7*! qh! vjku! uwdugevkqp=! cpf!

4

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*! cpf! kp.

5

ugtvkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

6

)F*! vq! qdg{! tgcuqpcdng! tguvtkevkqpu! qp! vjg!

7

cnkgpu! eqpfwev! qt! cevkxkvkgu! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

8

rtguetkdgu! hqt! vjg! cnkgp-! kp! qtfgt! vq! rtgxgpv! vjg!

9

cnkgp! htqo! cdueqpfkpi-! hqt! vjg! rtqvgevkqp! qh! vjg!

;

eqoowpkv{-!qt! hqt! qvjgt! rwtrqugu! tgncvgf! vq! vjg!

21

gphqtegogpv! qh! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/=!

22

)6*! kp! rctcitcrj! )5*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj!

23

)3*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*=! cpf!

24

)7*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )7*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg!

25

hqnnqykpi<!

26

)7*! C

!

27

/•!

28

)C*! F

!

29

/•Hqt! cp!

2;

cnkgp! yjq! ku! pqv! qvjgtykug! uwdlgev! vq! ocpfcvqt{!

31

fgvgpvkqp-! yjq! jcu! ocfg! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! ghhqtvu!

32

vq! eqorn{! ykvj! c! tgoqxcn! qtfgt! cpf! vq! eqqrgt.

33

cvg! hwnn{! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

34

tkv{u! ghhqtvu! vq! guvcdnkuj! vjg! cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf!

35

ectt{! qwv! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! kpenwfkpi! ocmkpi!

36

vkogn{! crrnkecvkqp! kp! iqqf! hckvj! hqt! vtcxgn! qt!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
937 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11182 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 73 of 443

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itcrj=! vq! yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf! qp! rctqng-! uw.

2;

rgtxkugf! tgngcug-! qt! rtqdcvkqp=! qt! vq! yjgvjgt! vjg!

31

cnkgp! oc{! dg! cttguvgf! qt! kortkuqpgf! cickp! hqt! vjg!

32

ucog! qhhgpug/! Kh! vjg! cevkxkv{! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctc.

33

itcrj! fqgu! pqv! tguwnv! kp! vjg! cnkgp! dgkpi! vcmgp! kpvq!

34

ewuvqf{! d{! cp{! rgtuqp! qvjgt! vjcp! vjg! Ugetgvct{-!

35

vjgp! yjgp! vjg! cnkgp! ku! dtqwijv! vq! vjg! cvvgpvkqp! qh!

36

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt! yjgp! vjg! Ugetgvct{! fgvgtokpgu! kv! ku!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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946 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11191 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 82 of 443

92!

2

rtcevkecn! vq! vcmg! uwej! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{-! vjg! Uge.

3

tgvct{! ujcnn! vcmg! uwej! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{//!

4

)5*! C

/•Ugevkqp! 347! qh!

5

vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

6

2337*-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! rctcitcrj! )3*-! ku! hwtvjgt!

7

cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

8

)i*!C

T /•!

9

)2*! K

/Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcnu! tg.

;

xkgy! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ewuvqf{! fgvgtokpcvkqpu! wpfgt!

21

uwdugevkqp! )c*! hqt! vjg! hqnnqykpi! encuugu! qh! cnkgpu! ujcnn!

22

dg! nkokvgf! vq! yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp! oc{! dg! fgvckpgf-! tg.

23

ngcugf! qp! dqpf! )qh! cv! ngcuv! %2-611! ykvj! ugewtkv{! cr.

24

rtqxgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{*-! qt! tgngcugf! ykvj! pq! dqpf<!

25

)C*! Cnkgpu! kp! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu/!

26

)D*! Cnkgpu! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*!

27

qt! 348)c*)5*/!

28

)E*! Cnkgpu! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*/!

29

)3*! U

/•!

2;

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D /•!

31

)2*! K

/•Cp! cnkgp! fgvckpgf! wpfgt!

32

uwdugevkqp! )c*! oc{! uggm! tgngcug! qp! dqpf/! Pq! dqpf!

33

oc{! dg! itcpvgf! gzegrv! vq! cp! cnkgp! yjq! guvcdnkujgu!

34

d{! engct! cpf! eqpxkpekpi! gxkfgpeg! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv!

35

c! hnkijv! tkum! qt! c! tkum! vq! cpqvjgt! rgtuqp! qt! vjg! eqo.

36

owpkv{/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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947 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11192 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 83 of 443

93!

2

)3*! E

/•Pq! cnkgp!

3

fgvckpgf! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )e*! oc{! uggm! tgngcug! qp!

4

dqpf//!

5

)6*! E

/•)C*! Ugevkqp!

6

347)c*)3*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

7

Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2337)c*)3*)D**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkm.

8

kpi! eqpfkvkqpcn! rctqng! cpf! kpugtvkpi! tgeqi.

9

pk|cpeg/!

;

)D*! Ugevkqp! 347)d*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

21

2337)d**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctqng! cpf! kp.

22

ugtvkpi! tgeqipk|cpeg/!

23

)e*! U

/•Kh! cp{! qh! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjku!

24 ugevkqp!qt!cp{!cogpfogpv!d{!vjku!ugevkqp-!qt!vjg!crrnkec.

25 vkqp!qh!cp{!uwej!rtqxkukqp!vq!cp{!rgtuqp!qt!ektewouvcpeg-!

26 ku!jgnf!vq!dg!kpxcnkf!hqt!cp{!tgcuqp-!vjg!tgockpfgt!qh!vjku!

27 ugevkqp!cpf!qh!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!ugevkqp-!cpf!vjg!

28 crrnkecvkqp!qh!vjg!rtqxkukqpu!cpf!qh!vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!

29 d{! vjku! ugevkqp! vq! cp{! qvjgt! rgtuqp! qt! ektewouvcpeg! ujcnn!

2; pqv!dg!chhgevgf!d{!uwej!jqnfkpi/!

31

)f*!G

F /•!

32

)2*! Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*!

33

ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! wrqp! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

34

Cev-! cpf! ugevkqp! 352! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

35

vkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! uq! cogpfgf-! ujcnn! kp! cffkvkqp! crrn{!

36

vq•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
948 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11193 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 84 of 443

94!

2

)C*! cnn! cnkgpu! uwdlgev! vq!c! hkpcn! cfokpkuvtc.

3

vkxg! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! qtfgt!

4

vjcv! ycu! kuuwgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh!

5

vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

6

)D*! cevu! cpf! eqpfkvkqpu! qeewttkpi! qt! gzkuv.

7

kpi! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

8

)3*! Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! uwdugevkqp! )d*!

9

ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! wrqp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh!

;

vjku! Cev-! cpf! ugevkqp! 347! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

21

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! uq! cogpfgf-! ujcnn! kp! cffkvkqp!

22

crrn{! vq! cp{! cnkgp! kp! fgvgpvkqp! wpfgt! rtqxkukqpu! qh!

23

uwej! ugevkqp! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

24 UGE/! 423/! ITQWPFU! QH! KPCFOKUUKDKNKV[! CPF! FGRQTV.

25

CDKNKV[!HQT!CNKGP!ICPI!OGODGTU/!

26

)c*!F

IO

/•Ugevkqp!212)c*!

27 qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

28 2212)c**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

29

)64*)C*!Vjg!vgto!etkokpcn!icpi!ogcpu!cp!qpiqkpi!

2; itqwr-!enwd-!qticpk|cvkqp-!qt!cuuqekcvkqp!qh!6!qt!oqtg!rgt.

31 uqpu!vjcv!jcu!cu!qpg!qh!kvu!rtkoct{!rwtrqugu!vjg!eqooku.

32 ukqp! qh! 2! qt! oqtg! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi! etkokpcn! qhhgpugu! cpf!

33 vjg!ogodgtu!qh!yjkej!gpicig-!qt!jcxg!gpicigf!ykvjkp!vjg!

34 rcuv! 6! {gctu-! kp! c! eqpvkpwkpi! ugtkgu! qh! uwej! qhhgpugu-! qt!

35 vjcv! jcu! dggp! fgukipcvgf! cu! c! etkokpcn! icpi! d{! vjg! Uge.

36 tgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{-!kp!eqpuwnvcvkqp!ykvj!vjg!Cv.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
949 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11194 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 85 of 443

95!

2 vqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!cu!oggvkpi!vjgug!etkvgtkc/!Vjg!qhhgpugu!fg.

3 uetkdgf-! yjgvjgt! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! ncy! qt!

4 hqtgkip! ncy! cpf! tgictfnguu! qh! yjgvjgt! vjg! qhhgpugu! qe.

5 ewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh!

6 vjku!rctcitcrj-!ctg!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

7

)k*! C! hgnqp{! ftwi! qhhgpug! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

8

vkqp! 213! qh! vjg! Eqpvtqnngf! Uwduvcpegu! Cev! )32!

9

W/U/E/! 913**/!

;

)kk*! Cp! qhhgpug! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 385! )tgncvkpi! vq!

21

dtkpikpi! kp! cpf! jctdqtkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu*-! ugevkqp!

22

388! )tgncvkpi! vq! ckfkpi! qt! cuukuvkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu! vq!

23

gpvgt! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu*-! qt! ugevkqp! 389! )tgncvkpi! vq!

24

korqtvcvkqp! qh! cnkgp! hqt! kooqtcn! rwtrqug*/!

25

)kkk*! C! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

26

27! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*/!

27

)kx*! C! etkog! kpxqnxkpi! qduvtwevkqp! qh! lwuvkeg-!

28

vcorgtkpi! ykvj! qt! tgvcnkcvkpi! cickpuv! c! ykvpguu-! xke.

29

vko-! qt! kphqtocpv-! qt! dwtinct{/!

2;

)x*! Cp{! eqpfwev! rwpkujcdng! wpfgt! ugevkqpu!

31

2139! cpf! 213;! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tg.

32

ncvkpi! vq! htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp! eqppgevkqp!

33

ykvj! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! fqewogpvu! qt! ceeguu! fgxkegu*-! uge.

34

vkqpu! 2692! vjtqwij! 26;5! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq!

35

rgqpcig-! uncxgt{! cpf! vtchhkemkpi! kp! rgtuqpu*-! ugevkqp!

36

2;63! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! kpvgtuvcvg! cpf! hqtgkip!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
950 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11195 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 86 of 443

96!

2

vtcxgn! qt! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! kp! ckf! qh! tcemgvggtkpi! gpvgt.

3

rtkugu*-! ugevkqp! 2;67! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg!

4

ncwpfgtkpi! qh! oqpgvct{! kpuvtwogpvu*-! ugevkqp! 2;68!

5

qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! gpicikpi! kp! oqpgvct{! vtcpu.

6

cevkqpu! kp! rtqrgtv{! fgtkxgf! htqo! urgekhkgf! wpncyhwn!

7

cevkxkv{*-! qt! ugevkqpu! 3423! vjtqwij! 3426! qh! uwej! vkvng!

8

)tgncvkpi! vq! kpvgtuvcvg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh! uvqngp! oqvqt!

9

xgjkengu! qt! uvqngp! rtqrgtv{*/!

;

)xk*! C! eqpurktce{! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fg.

21

uetkdgf! kp! encwugu! )k*! vjtqwij! )x*/!

22

)D*! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )kp.

23 enwfkpi!cp{!ghhgevkxg!fcvg*-!vjg!vgto!crrnkgu!tgictfnguu!qh!

24 yjgvjgt!vjg!eqpfwev!qeewttgf!dghqtg-!qp-!qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!

25 qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!rctcitcrj//!

26

)d*!K

/•Ugevkqp!323)c*)3*!qh!uwej!Cev!

27 )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)3**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 413)c*)3*!

28 qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

29 hqnnqykpi<!

2;

)P*! C

!

31

/•Cp{! cnkgp! ku! kpcfokuukdng! yjq! c! eqp.

32

uwnct! qhhkegt-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

33

tkv{-! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! mpqyu! qt! jcu! tgc.

34

uqp!vq!dgnkgxg•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
951 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11196 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 87 of 443

97!

2

)k*! vq! dg! qt! vq! jcxg! dggp! c! ogodgt!

3

qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

4

212)c*)64**=! qt!

5

)kk*! vq! jcxg! rctvkekrcvgf! kp! vjg! cevkxk.

6

vkgu! qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

7

vkqp! 212)c*)64**-! mpqykpi! qt! jcxkpi! tgcuqp!

8

vq! mpqy! vjcv! uwej! cevkxkvkgu! yknn! rtqoqvg-!

9

hwtvjgt-! ckf-! qt! uwrrqtv! vjg! knngicn! cevkxkv{!

;

qh! vjg! etkokpcn! icpi//!

21

)e*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*! qh! vjg! Ko.

22 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**-! cu!

23 cogpfgf!d{!ugevkqp!413)e*!qh!vjku!Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf!

24 d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

25

)J*! C

!

26

/•Cp{! cnkgp! ku! fgrqtvcdng! yjq! vjg! Uge.

27

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

28

Igpgtcn! mpqyu! qt! jcu! tgcuqp! vq! dgnkgxg•!

29

)k*! ku! qt! jcu! dggp! c! ogodgt! qh! c!

2;

etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

31

212)c*)64**=! qt!

32

)kk*! jcu! rctvkekrcvgf! kp! vjg! cevkxkvkgu!

33

qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! uq! fghkpgf*-! mpqykpi!

34

qt! jcxkpi! tgcuqp! vq! mpqy! vjcv! uwej! cevkxk.

35

vkgu! yknn! rtqoqvg-! hwtvjgt-! ckf-! qt! uwrrqtv!

36

vjg! knngicn! cevkxkv{! qh! vjg! etkokpcn! icpi//!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
952 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11197 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 88 of 443

98!

2

)f*!F

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3

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/•Ejcrvgt! 3! qh! vkvng! KK! qh! vjg!

4

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293*! ku!

5

cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! ugevkqp! 32;! vjg! hqn.

6

nqykpi<!

7



!

8

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/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

9 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

; Igpgtcn-!cpf!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg!oc{!fgukipcvg!c!itqwr!

21 qt! cuuqekcvkqp! cu! c! etkokpcn! uvtggv! icpi! kh! vjgkt! eqpfwev!

22 ku!fguetkdgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)64*!qt!kh!vjg!itqwr!qt!cuuq.

23 ekcvkqp!eqpfwev!rqugu!c!ukipkhkecpv!tkum!vjcv!vjtgcvgpu!vjg!

24 ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg! rwdnke! uchgv{! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pcvkqpcnu!

25 qt!vjg!pcvkqpcn!ugewtkv{-!jqogncpf!ugewtkv{-!hqtgkip!rqnke{-!

26 qt!geqpqo{!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

27

)d*! G

F /•Fgukipcvkqpu! wpfgt! uwd.

28 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! tgockp! kp! ghhgev! wpvkn! vjg! fgukipcvkqp! ku!

29 tgxqmgf!chvgt!eqpuwnvcvkqp!dgvyggp!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqog.

2; ncpf!Ugewtkv{-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!cpf!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!

31 Uvcvg! qt! ku! vgtokpcvgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy//!

32

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

33

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vjg!

34

kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 32;! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

331/! Fgukipcvkqp//!

35

)g*! O

F

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36 I O

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953 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11198 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 89 of 443

99!

2

)2*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 347)e*)2*)F*! qh! vjg!

3

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

4

2337)e*)2*)F**! ku! cogpfgf•!

5

)C*! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! 323)c*)3*)P*! chvgt!

6

323)c*)4*)D*=! cpf!

7

)D*! d{! kpugtvkpi! 348)c*)3*)J*! qt! dghqtg!

8

348)c*)5*)D*/!

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)3*! C

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;

qh! gcej! {gct! )dgikppkpi! 2! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

21

gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

22

Ugewtkv{-! chvgt! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! crrtqrtkcvg!

23

Hgfgtcn! cigpekgu-! ujcnn! uwdokv! c! tgrqtv! vq! vjg! Eqo.

24

okvvggu! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpv.

25

cvkxgu! cpf! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg! qp! vjg! pwodgt! qh! cnkgpu! fg.

26

vckpgf! wpfgt! vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! rctcitcrj!

27

)2*/!

28

)h*! C

E

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29

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/•Ugevkqp!

32

352)d*)4*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

33

Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2362)d*)4*)D**! ku! cogpfgf-! kp! vjg!

34

ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku! fg.

35

uetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*)P*)k*! qt! ugevkqp!

36

348)c*)3*)J*)k*! qt! yjq! ku! chvgt! vq! cp! cnkgp/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 90 of 443

9;!

2

)3*! K

/•Ugevkqp!

3

319)d*)3*)C*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2269)d*)3*)C**!

4

)cu! cogpfgf! d{! vjku! Cev*! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf•!

5

)C*! kp! encwug! )x*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

6

gpf=!

7

)D*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! encwug! )xk*! cu! encwug!

8

)xkk*=! cpf!

9

)E*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )x*! vjg! hqn.

;

nqykpi<!

21

)xk*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp!

22

323)c*)3*)P*)k*! qt! ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*)J*)k*!

23

)tgncvkpi! vq! rctvkekrcvkqp! kp! etkokpcn! uvtggv!

24

icpiu*=!qt/!

25

)i*! V

R

U /•Ugevkqp! 355!

26 qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2365c*!ku!cogpfgf•!

27

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

28

kv! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.

29

ewtkv{=!

2;

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )e*)3*)D*•!

31

)C*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

32

gpf=!

33

)D*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

34

cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

35

)E*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
955 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1119; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 91 of 443

;1!

2

)kkk*! vjg! cnkgp! ku-! qt! cv! cp{! vkog! chvgt!

3

cfokuukqp! jcu! dggp-! c! ogodgt! qh! c! etkok.

4

pcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

5

212)c*)64**/=!cpf!

6

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )f*•!

7

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )4*=! cpf!

8

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )5*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf!

9

vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.

;

ewtkv{! oc{! fgvckp! cp! cnkgp! rtqxkfgf! vgorqtct{!

21

rtqvgevgf! uvcvwu! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! yjgpgxgt!

22

crrtqrtkcvg! wpfgt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy//!

23

)j*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

24 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

25 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-!

26 qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

27 UGE/!424/!GZVGPUKQP!QH!KFGPVKV[!VJGHV!QHHGPUGU/!

28

Ugevkqp! 2139C! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

29 cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

2;

)f*! U

OR T

/•Kp! c!

31 rtqugewvkqp!hqt!c!xkqncvkqp!qh!uwdugevkqp!)c*)2*!rtgfkecvgf!

32 qp!c!xkqncvkqp!fguetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)e*)3*-!)7*-!)8*-!);*-!

33 qt! )21*! qh! vjku! ugevkqp-! vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! pggf! pqv! rtqxg!

34 vjcv! vjg! fghgpfcpv! mpgy! vjg! ogcpu! qh! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! ycu!

35 qh!cpqvjgt!rgtuqp//!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
956 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;1 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 92 of 443

;2! 2 UGE/!425/!NCWPFGTKPI!QH!OQPGVCT[!KPUVTWOGPVU/!

3

)c*! C

R

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/•Ugevkqp!

4 2;67)e*)8*)F*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku! cogpf.

5 gf•!

6

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 26;1! )tgncvkpi! vq! vtch.

7

hkemkpi! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! rgqpcig-! uncxgt{-! kpxqnwpvct{!

8

ugtxkvwfg-! qt! hqtegf! ncdqt*-! chvgt! ugevkqp! 2474! )tg.

9

ncvkpi! vq! fguvtwevkqp! qh! rtqrgtv{! ykvjkp! vjg! urgekcn!

;

octkvkog! cpf! vgttkvqtkcn! lwtkufkevkqp*-=! cpf!

21

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 385)c*! qh! vjg! Kook.

22

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/2435)c**! )tg.

23

ncvkpi! vq! dtkpikpi! kp! cpf! jctdqtkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu*-!

24

chvgt! ugevkqp! 6;1! qh! vjg! Vctkhh! Cev! qh! 2;41! )2;!

25

W/U/E/! 26;1*! )tgncvkpi! vq! cxkcvkqp! uowiinkpi*-/!

26

)d*! K

VE

F

/•Ugevkqp!

27 2;67)c*!qh!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!ku!cogpfgf•!

28

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! uq! vjcv! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*!

29

tgcfu! cu! hqnnqyu<!

2;

)D*! mpqykpi! vjcv! vjg! vtcpucevkqp!

31

)k*! eqpegcnu! qt! fkuiwkugu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq!

32

eqpegcn! qt! fkuiwkug-! vjg! pcvwtg-! uqwteg-! nqecvkqp-!

33

qypgtujkr-! qt! eqpvtqn! qh! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog!

34

hqto! qh! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{=! qt!

35

)kk*! cxqkfu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq! cxqkf-! c!

36

vtcpucevkqp! tgrqtvkpi! tgswktgogpv! wpfgt! Uvcvg!

37

qt! Hgfgtcn! ncy-=! cpf!

•JT! 2259! KJ
957 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;2 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 93 of 443

;3!

2

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*! uq! vjcv! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*!

3

tgcfu! cu! hqnnqyu<!

4

)D*! mpqykpi! vjcv! vjg! oqpgvct{! kpuvtwogpv! qt!

5

hwpfu! kpxqnxgf! kp! vjg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp-! vtcpuokuukqp-!

6

qt! vtcpuhgt! tgrtgugpv! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog! hqto! qh!

7

wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{-! cpf! mpqykpi! vjcv! uwej! vtcpurqt.

8

vcvkqp-!vtcpuokuukqp-!qt!vtcpuhgt•!

9

)k*! eqpegcnu! qt! fkuiwkugu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq!

;

eqpegcn! qt! fkuiwkug-! vjg! pcvwtg-! uqwteg-! nqecvkqp-!

21

qypgtujkr-! qt! eqpvtqn! qh! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog!

22

hqto! qh! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{=! qt!

23

)kk*! cxqkfu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq! cxqkf-! c!

24

vtcpucevkqp! tgrqtvkpi! tgswktgogpv! wpfgt! Uvcvg!

25

qt! Hgfgtcn! ncy-/!

26 UGE/!426/!RGPCNVKGU!HQT!KNNGICN!GPVT[!QT!RTGUGPEG/!

27

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 386! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

28 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2436*! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf!

29 cu!hqnnqyu<!

2;

U /!386/!)c*!K I

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31

)2*! K

/•Cp! cnkgp!

32

ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! rctc.

33

itcrj! )3*! kh! vjg! cnkgp•!

34

)C*! mpqykpin{! gpvgtu! qt! etquugu! vjg! dqt.

35

fgt! kpvq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cv! cp{! vkog! qt! rnceg!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
958 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;3 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 94 of 443

;4!

2

qvjgt! vjcp! cu! fgukipcvgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

3

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

4

)D*! mpqykpin{! gnwfgu-! cv! cp{! vkog! qt!

5

rnceg-! gzcokpcvkqp! qt! kpurgevkqp! d{! cp! cwvjqt.

6

k|gf! kookitcvkqp-! ewuvqou-! qt! citkewnvwtg! qhhk.

7

egt! )kpenwfkpi! d{! hcknkpi! vq! uvqr! cv! vjg! eqo.

8

ocpf! qh! uwej! qhhkegt*=!

9

)E*! mpqykpin{! gpvgtu! qt! etquugu! vjg! dqt.

;

fgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf-! wrqp! gzcokpcvkqp!

21

qt! kpurgevkqp-! mpqykpin{! ocmgu! c! hcnug! qt! oku.

22

ngcfkpi! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! qt! vjg! mpqykpi! eqpegcn.

23

ogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn! hcev! )kpenwfkpi! uwej! tgr.

24

tgugpvcvkqp! qt! eqpegcnogpv! kp! vjg! eqpvgzv! qh! ct.

25

tkxcn-! tgrqtvkpi-! gpvt{-! qt! engctcpeg! tgswktg.

26

ogpvu! qh! vjg! ewuvqou! ncyu-! kookitcvkqp! ncyu-!

27

citkewnvwtg! ncyu-! qt! ujkrrkpi! ncyu*=!

28

)F*! mpqykpin{! xkqncvgu! vjg! vgtou! qt! eqp.

29

fkvkqpu! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! cfokuukqp! qt! rctqng! kpvq!

2;

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! qt!

31

)G*! mpqykpin{! ku! wpncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg!

32

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

33

323)c*);*)D*)kk*! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! gzegrvkqpu! ugv!

34

hqt! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*);*)D*)kkk**/!

35

)3*! E

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq!

36

xkqncvgu! cp{! rtqxkukqp! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )2*•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
959 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;4 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 95 of 443

;5!

2

)C*! ujcnn-! hqt! vjg! hktuv! xkqncvkqp-! dg! hkpgf!

3

wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf!

4

pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 7! oqpvju-! qt! dqvj=!

5

)D*! ujcnn-! hqt! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! xkq.

6

ncvkqp-! qt! hqnnqykpi! cp! qtfgt! qh! xqnwpvct{! fgrct.

7

vwtg-! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv!

8

oqtg! vjcp! 3! {gctu! )qt! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 7! oqpvju!

9

kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! xkqncvkqp!

;

qh! rctcitcrj! )2*)G**-! qt! dqvj=!

21

)E*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg!

22

cnkgp! jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! 4! qt! oqtg! oku.

23

fgogcpqtu! qt! hqt! c! hgnqp{-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt!

24

uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 21! {gctu-!

25

qt! dqvj=!

26

)F*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg!

27

cnkgp! jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej!

28

vjg! cnkgp! tgegkxgf! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh!

29

pqv! nguu! vjcp! 41! oqpvju-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt!

2;

uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 26! {gctu-!

31

qt! dqvj=! cpf!

32

)G*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg!

33

cnkgp! jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej!

34

vjg! cnkgp! tgegkxgf! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh!

35

pqv! nguu! vjcp! 71! oqpvju-! uwej! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
960 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;5 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 96 of 443

;6!

2

hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg!

3

vjcp! 31! {gctu-! qt! dqvj/!

4

)4*! R

/•Vjg! rtkqt! eqpxke.

5

vkqpu! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*! vjtqwij! )G*! qh!

6

rctcitcrj! )3*! ctg! gngogpvu!qh! vjg! qhhgpugu! fguetkdgf!

7

cpf! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! kp! uwej! uwdrctcitcrju! ujcnn! crrn{!

8

qpn{! kp! ecugu! kp! yjkej! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! qt! eqpxkevkqpu!

9

vjcv! hqto! vjg! dcuku! hqt! vjg! cffkvkqpcn! rgpcnv{! ctg•!

;

)C*! cnngigf! kp! vjg! kpfkevogpv! qt! kphqtoc.

21

vkqp=! cpf!

22

)D*! rtqxgp! dg{qpf! c! tgcuqpcdng! fqwdv! cv!

23

vtkcn! qt! cfokvvgf! d{! vjg! fghgpfcpv/!

24

)5*! F

/•Cp! qhhgpug!

25

wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp! eqpvkpwgu! wpvkn! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fku.

26

eqxgtgf!ykvjkp!vjg! Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!d{!cp! kookitcvkqp-!

27

ewuvqou-! qt! citkewnvwtg! qhhkegt/!

28

)6*! C

/•Yjqgxgt! cvvgorvu! vq! eqookv!

29

cp{! qhhgpug! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! rwpkujgf! kp!

2;

vjg! ucog! ocppgt! cu! hqt! c! eqorngvkqp! qh! uwej! qh.

31

hgpug/!

32

)d*! K

V

R =! E R .

33

/•Cp{!cnkgp!yjq!ku!crrtgjgpfgf!yjkng!gpvgtkpi-!cv.

34 vgorvkpi!vq!gpvgt-!qt!mpqykpin{!etquukpi!qt!cvvgorvkpi!vq!

35 etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cv! c! vkog! qt! rnceg!

36 qvjgt! vjcp! cu! fgukipcvgf! d{! kookitcvkqp! qhhkegtu! ujcnn! dg!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
961 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;6 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 97 of 443

;7!

2 uwdlgev! vq! c! ekxkn! rgpcnv{-! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! cp{! etkokpcn! qt!

3 qvjgt!ekxkn!rgpcnvkgu!vjcv!oc{!dg!korqugf!wpfgt!cp{!qvjgt!

4 rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!kp!cp!coqwpv!gswcn!vq•!

5

)2*! pqv! nguu! vjcp! %61! qt! oqtg! vjcp! %361! hqt!

6

gcej! uwej! gpvt{-! etquukpi-! cvvgorvgf! gpvt{-! qt! cv.

7

vgorvgf! etquukpi=! qt!

8

)3*! vykeg! vjg! coqwpv! urgekhkgf! kp! rctcitcrj!

9

)2*! kh! vjg! cnkgp! jcf! rtgxkqwun{! dggp! uwdlgev! vq! c! ekxkn!

;

rgpcnv{! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp//!

21

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22 hqt! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

23 uvtkmkpi!vjg!kvgo!tgncvkpi!vq!ugevkqp!386!cpf!kpugtvkpi!vjg!

24 hqnnqykpi<!

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25 UGE/!427/!KNNGICN!TGGPVT[/!

26

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27 )9!W/U/E/!2437*!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

28

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31 qt! tgoqxgf-! qt! yjq! jcu! fgrctvgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! yjkng!

32 cp! qtfgt! qh! gzenwukqp-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! tgoqxcn! ku! qwv.

33 uvcpfkpi-! cpf! uwdugswgpvn{! gpvgtu-! cvvgorvu! vq! gpvgt-!

34 etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! cvvgorvu! vq! etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! qt!

35 ku! cv! cp{! vkog! hqwpf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 98 of 443

;8!

2 wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg!

3 vjcp!3!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

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7 uwej!tgoqxcn!qt!fgrctvwtg•!

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28

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2;

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31! {gctu-! qt! dqvj=! qt!

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cpf! uncxgt{*! qt! 224D! )tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo*! qh! uwej!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 99 of 443

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7 vgorvu! vq! gpvgt-! etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! cvvgorvu! vq! etquu!

8 vjg!dqtfgt!vq-!qt!ku!cv!cp{!vkog!hqwpf!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!

9 ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortku.

; qpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!21!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

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24 crrn{! qpn{! kp! ecugu! kp! yjkej! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! qt! eqpxkevkqpu!

25 vjcv!hqto!vjg!dcuku!hqt!vjg!cffkvkqpcn!rgpcnv{!ctg•!

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34

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 100 of 443

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27 vq!gpvgt-!etquugu!vjg!dqtfgt!vq-!cvvgorvu!vq!etquu!vjg!dqt.

28 fgt!vq-!qt!ku!cv!cp{!vkog!hqwpf!kp-!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!ujcnn!

29 dg! kpectegtcvgf! hqt! vjg! tgockpfgt! qh! vjg! ugpvgpeg! qh! ko.

2; rtkuqpogpv!yjkej!ycu! rgpfkpi! cv! vjg! vkog! qh!fgrqtvcvkqp!

31 ykvjqwv!cp{!tgfwevkqp!hqt!rctqng!qt!uwrgtxkugf!tgngcug!wp.

32 nguu! vjg! cnkgp! chhktocvkxgn{! fgoqpuvtcvgu! vjcv! vjg! Uge.

33 tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu! gzrtguun{! eqpugpvgf! vq!

34 vjg! cnkgpu! tggpvt{/! Uwej! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! uwej!

35 qvjgt! rgpcnvkgu! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! tggpvt{! qh! tgoqxgf! cnkgpu!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 101 of 443

211!

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cp{! eqooqpygcnvj-! vgttkvqt{-! qt! rquuguukqp! qh! vjg!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 102 of 443

212! 2 UGE/! 428/! TGHQTO! QH! RCUURQTV-! XKUC-! CPF! KOOKITCVKQP!

3

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5 gf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

6 EJCRVGT!86RCUURQTVU!CPF!XKUCU!

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7 ¨ 2652/!Kuuwcpeg!ykvjqwv!cwvjqtkv{!

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24

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28

yjgvjgt! c! ekvk|gp! qt! pqv=!

29 ujcnn!dg!hkpgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!qt!kortkuqpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!

2; 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

31

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32 ogcpu!c!Uvcvg!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!vjg!Fkuvtkev!qh!Eqnwo.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 103 of 443

213!

2 dkc-!cpf!cp{!eqooqpygcnvj-!vgttkvqt{-!qt!rquuguukqp!qh!vjg!

3 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

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5

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22

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23

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26

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27 ujcnn!dg!hkpgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!qt!kortkuqpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!

28 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

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33

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36

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 104 of 443

214!

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6

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7 ujcnn!dg!hkpgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!qt!kortkuqpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!

8 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

9 ¨ 2655/!Okuwug!qh!c!rcuurqtv!

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24

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25

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27

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28

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34

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35 ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vjku! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp!

36 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 105 of 443

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24 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

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32 qt!fqoguvke!vgttqtkuo!)cu!uwej!vgtou!ctg!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!

33 3442*-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vjku! vkvng! qt! kortkuqpgf! pqv!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 107 of 443

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 108 of 443

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32

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 109 of 443

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34 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! dwv! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! vq! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg!

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36 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!cu!qh!uwej!fcvg/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 110 of 443

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33 422)e*!qh!vjku!Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

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35

cpf!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 111 of 443

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 112 of 443

222!

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23 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! uqng! cpf!

24 wptgxkgycdng!fkuetgvkqp-!fgvgtokpgu!vjcv!vjg!cnkgp!ncyhwnn{!

25 cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! rqugu! pq! tkum! vq! vjg!

26 cnkgp! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjqo! c! rgvkvkqp! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

27 encwug!)K*!ku!hkngf//!

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2; kpi!315)c*)2*)C*)xkkk*)K**!gcej!rnceg!uwej!vgto!crrgctu!

31 cpf!kpugtvkpi!315)c*)2*)C*)xkkk**/!

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33 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

34 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! rgvkvkqpu! hkngf! qp! qt! chvgt!

35 uwej!fcvg/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 113 of 443

223! 2 UGE/! 433/! ENCTKHKECVKQP! VQ! ETKOGU! QH! XKQNGPEG! CPF!

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5 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

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7 nqykpi<!

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.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 114 of 443

224!

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2; qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-!

31 qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

32 UGE/!434/!RGPCNVKGU!HQT!HCKNWTG!VQ!QDG[!TGOQXCN!QT.

33

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goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 115 of 443

225!

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7 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

8 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cevu!vjcv!ctg!fguetkdgf!

9 kp!uwdrctcitcrju!)C*!vjtqwij!)F*!qh!ugevkqp!354)c*)2*!qh!

; vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

21 2364)c*)2**! vjcv! qeewt! qp! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

22 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

23 UGE/!435/!RCTFQPU/!

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/•Ugevkqp!212)c*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!

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26 ugevkqp! 423)c*! qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi!

27 cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

28

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29 vkqpcn! rctfqp! itcpvgf! d{! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

2; Uvcvgu-! Iqxgtpqt! qh! cp{! qh! vjg! ugxgtcn! Uvcvgu! qt! eqpuvkvw.

31 vkqpcnn{!tgeqipk|gf!dqf{//!

32

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33 W/U/E/!2338)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

34

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! encwug! )xk*=!

35

cpf!

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980 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11225 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 116 of 443

226!

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; qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! c! rctfqp! itcpvgf! dghqtg-!

21 qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

22 UGE/!436/!EQPXKEVKQPU/!

23

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24 cnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)3**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv!

25 vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi!uwdrctcitcrj<!

26

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28

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32

uq!nqpi! cu! cp{! qh! vjg!eqpfwev! gpeqorcuugf!

33

d{! vjg! uvcvwvg! eqpuvkvwvgu! cp! qhhgpug! vjcv!

34

ku! c! itqwpf! qh! kpcfokuukdknkv{/!

35

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 117 of 443

227!

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3

cfokuukdknkv{-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt! vjg!

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9

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; cnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv!

21 vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi!uwdrctcitcrj<!

22

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26

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27

eqooqp! ncy! qhhgpugu! ctg! fkxkukdng! uq! nqpi!

28

cu! cp{! qh! vjg! eqpfwev! gpeqorcuugf! d{! vjg!

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33

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34

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35

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! eqp.

36

ukfgt! qvjgt! gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxke.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 118 of 443

228!

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3

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4

uvkvwvgu! c! itqwpf! qh! fgrqtvcdknkv{//!

5 VKVNG!KXXKUC!UGEWTKV[!

6 UGE/!512/!ECPEGNNCVKQP!QH!CFFKVKQPCN!XKUCU/!

7

)c*! K I

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8 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2313)i**!ku!cogpfgf•!

9

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;

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! cpf! kp.

21

ugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{=! cpf!

22

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23

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24

ku! kp! vjg! rquuguukqp! qh! vjg! cnkgp! chvgt! uwej!

25

xkuc=!cpf!

26

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! )qvjgt!

27

vjcp! vjg! xkuc! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2**! kuuwgf! kp!

28

c!eqpuwnct! qhhkeg!nqecvgf!kp!vjg!eqwpvt{!qh!vjg!cnkgpu!

29

pcvkqpcnkv{! cpf! kpugtvkpi! )qvjgt! vjcp! c! xkuc! fg.

2;

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31

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32

hqtgkip!tgukfgpeg/!

33

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

34 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

35 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! c! xkuc! kuuwgf! dghqtg-!

36 qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
983 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11228 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 119 of 443

229! 2 UGE/!513/!XKUC!KPHQTOCVKQP!UJCTKPI/!

3

)c*!K I

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4 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2313)h*)3**! ku! cogpfgf•!

5

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kuuwcpeg! qt! tghwucn! cpf! kpugtv.

6

kpi! kuuwcpeg-! tghwucn-! qt! tgxqecvkqp=!

7

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8

uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf! qp! vjg! dcuku! qh!

9

tgekrtqekv{=!

;

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*•!

21

)C*! d{! kpugtvkpi! )k*! chvgt! hqt! vjg! rwt.

22

rqug! qh=! cpf!

23

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! knnkekv! ygcrqpu=! qt! cpf!

24

kpugtvkpi! knnkekv! ygcrqpu-! qt! )kk*! fgvgtokpkpi! c!

25

rgtuqpu! fgrqtvcdknkv{! qt! gnkikdknkv{! hqt! c! xkuc-!

26

cfokuukqp-! qt! qvjgt! kookitcvkqp! dgpghkv==!

27

)5*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)D*•!

28

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! cpf! kp.

29

ugtvkpi! hqt! qpg! qh! vjg! rwtrqugu=! cpf!

2;

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! vq! fgp{! xkucu! vq! rgt.

31

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32

Uvcvgu/! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

33

)6*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

34

hqnnqykpi<!

35

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36

fcvcdcug! urgekhkgf! fcvc! gngogpvu! htqo! gcej!

37

tgeqtf-! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! fgvgtokpgu! vjcv!

•JT! 2259! KJ
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goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 120 of 443

22;!

2

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3

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4

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5 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! 71! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh!

6 vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjg!Cev/!

7 UGE/!514/!TGUVTKEVKPI!YCKXGT!QH!XKUC!KPVGTXKGYU/!

8

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9 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2313)j*)2*)D**!ku!cogpfgf•!

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22

chvgt! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{=!

23

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)E*)k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! -!

24

yjgtg! uwej! pcvkqpcn! kpvgtguv! ujcnn! pqv! kpenwfg! hceknk.

25

vcvkqp! qh! vtcxgn! qh! hqtgkip! pcvkqpcnu! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf!

26

Uvcvgu-! tgfwevkqp! qh! xkuc! crrnkecvkqp! rtqeguukpi!

27

vkogu-! qt! vjg! cnnqecvkqp! qh! eqpuwnct! tguqwtegu! dghqtg!

28

vjg! ugokeqnqp! cv! vjg! gpf=! cpf!

29

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*•!

2;

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf! qh! uwdrctc.

31

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32

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33

uwdrctcitcrj! )H*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

34

)E*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

35

)I*! ku! cp! kpfkxkfwcn!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
985 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1122; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 121 of 443

231!

2

)k*! fgvgtokpgf! vq! dg! kp! c! encuu! qh!

3

cnkgpu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

4

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vq! dg! vjtgcvu! vq! pc.

5

vkqpcn!ugewtkv{=!

6

)kk*! kfgpvkhkgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

7

Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!cu!c! rgtuqp!qh!eqpegtp=!

8

qt!

9

)kkk*! crrn{kpi! hqt! c! xkuc! kp! c! xkuc! ecv.

;

giqt{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjkej! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

21

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu! fgvgtokpgf! vjcv!

22

c! yckxgt! qh! vjg! xkuc! kpvgtxkgy! yqwnf! etgcvg!

23

c! jkij! tkum! qh! fgitcfcvkqp! qh! xkuc! rtqitco!

24

kpvgitkv{//!

25 UGE/! 515/! CWVJQTK\KPI! VJG! FGRCTVOGPV! QH! UVCVG! VQ!

26

PQV! KPVGTXKGY! EGTVCKP! KPGNKIKDNG! XKUC!

27

CRRNKECPVU/!

28

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 333)j*)2*! qh! vjg! Kook.

29 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2313)j*)2**! ku!

2; cogpfgf!d{!kpugtvkpi!vjg!cnkgp!ku!fgvgtokpgf!d{!vjg!Uge.

31 tgvct{!qh!Uvcvg!vq!dg!kpgnkikdng!hqt!c!xkuc!dcugf!wrqp!tgxkgy!

32 qh!vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qt!chvgt!wpnguu/!

33

)d*! I

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! ;1! fc{u! chvgt! vjg!

34 fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg!

35 ujcnn! kuuwg! iwkfcpeg! vq! eqpuwnct! qhhkegtu! qp! vjg! uvcpfctfu!

36 cpf!rtqeguugu!hqt!korngogpvkpi!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!vq!fgp{!xkuc!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
986 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11231 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 122 of 443

232!

2 crrnkecvkqpu! ykvjqwv! kpvgtxkgy! kp! ecugu! yjgtg! vjg! cnkgp! ku!

3 fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! vq! dg! kpgnkikdng! hqt!

4 c!xkuc!dcugf!wrqp!tgxkgy!qh!vjg!crrnkecvkqp/!

5

)e*! T

/•Pqv! nguu! htgswgpvn{! vjcp! qpeg! gcej!

6 swctvgt-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! ujcnn! uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqp.

7 itguu! c! tgrqtv! qp! vjg! fgpkcn! qh! xkuc! crrnkecvkqpu! ykvjqwv!

8 kpvgtxkgy-!kpenwfkpi•!

9

)2*! vjg! pwodgt! qh! uwej! fgpkcnu=! cpf!

;

)3*! c! rquv.d{.rquv! dtgcmfqyp! qh! uwej! fgpkcnu/!

21 UGE/!516/!XKUC!TGHWUCN!CPF!TGXQECVKQP/!

22

)c*! C

U

J

!

23 U

U

U /•!

24

)2*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 539! qh! vjg! Jqog.

25

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7! W/U/E/! 347*! ku! cogpf.

26

gf! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqpu! )d*! cpf! )e*! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

27

vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

28

)d*!C

U

J

!

29 U

/•!

2;

)2*! K

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp!

31

215)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

32

W/U/E/! 2215)c**! qt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! cpf!

33

gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*! cpf! gzegrv! hqt!

34

vjg! cwvjqtkv{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! wpfgt! uwd.

35

rctcitcrju!)C*! cpf!)I*!qh!ugevkqp!212)c*)26*! qh!vjg!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
987 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11232 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 123 of 443

233!

2

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

3

2212)c*)26**-! vjg! Ugetgvct{•!

4

)C*! ujcnn! jcxg! gzenwukxg! cwvjqtkv{! vq! kuuwg!

5

tgiwncvkqpu-! guvcdnkuj! rqnke{-! cpf! cfokpkuvgt! cpf!

6

gphqteg! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

7

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212! gv! ugs/*! cpf! cnn!

8

qvjgt! kookitcvkqp! qt! pcvkqpcnkv{! ncyu! tgncvkpi!

9

vq! vjg! hwpevkqpu! qh! eqpuwnct! qhhkegtu! qh! vjg!

;

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! vjg! itcpvkpi!

21

cpf! tghwucn! qh! c! xkuc=! cpf!

22

)D*! oc{! tghwug! qt! tgxqmg! cp{! xkuc! vq! cp{!

23

cnkgp! qt! encuu! qh! cnkgpu! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! qt! fgu.

24

kipgg-! fgvgtokpgu! vjcv! uwej! tghwucn! qt! tgxqec.

25

vkqp! ku! pgeguuct{! qt! cfxkucdng! kp! vjg! ugewtkv{! qt!

26

hqtgkip! rqnke{! kpvgtguvu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

27

)3*! G

/•Vjg! tgxqecvkqp!

28

qh! cp{! xkuc! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )2*)D*•!

29

)C*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! koogfkcvgn{=! cpf!

2;

)D*! ujcnn! cwvqocvkecnn{! ecpegn! cp{! qvjgt!

31

xcnkf! xkuc! vjcv! ku! kp! vjg! cnkgpu! rquuguukqp/!

32

)4*! L

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{!

33

qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 3352! qh! vkvng!

34

39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu!

35

rtqxkukqp-! cpf! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! uwej! vkvng-!

36

pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgxkgy! c! fgekukqp!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
988 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11233 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 124 of 443

234!

2

d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vq! tghwug! qt!

3

tgxqmg!c!xkuc-!cpf!pq! eqwtv!ujcnn!jcxg!lwtkufkevkqp!vq!

4

jgct! cp{! encko! ctkukpi! htqo-! qt! cp{! ejcnngpig! vq-!

5

uwej! c! tghwucn! qt! tgxqecvkqp/!

6

)e*! C

U

U /•!

7

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! oc{!

8

fktgev! c! eqpuwnct! qhhkegt! vq! tghwug! c! xkuc! tgswguvgf!

9

d{! cp! cnkgp! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! fgvgtokpgu! uwej!

;

tghwucn! vq! dg! pgeguuct{! qt! cfxkucdng! kp! vjg! ugewtkv{!

21

qt! hqtgkip! rqnke{! kpvgtguvu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

22

)3*! N

/•Pq! fgekukqp! d{! vjg! Uge.

23

tgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! vq! crrtqxg! c! xkuc! oc{! qxgttkfg! c! fg.

24

ekukqp! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! wpfgt!

25

uwdugevkqp!)d*//!

26

)3*! E

/•Ugevkqp!

27

348)c*)2*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

28

Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)2*)D**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkm.

29

kpi! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 332)k*/!

2;

)4*! G

/•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg!

31

d{!rctcitcrj!)2*!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg! fcvg!qh!vjg!

32

gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! xkuc! tghwu.

33

cnu! cpf! tgxqecvkqpu! qeewttkpi! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

34

uwej! fcvg/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
989 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11234 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 125 of 443

235!

2

)d*! V

E

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3U

C /•Ugevkqp! 539)c*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

4 tkv{!Cev!qh!3113!)7!W/U/E/!347)c**!ku!cogpfgf!d{•!

5

)2*! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqp! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uge.

6

vkqp=! cpf!

7

)3*! uvtkmkpi! eqpuwnct! qhhkeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

8

eqpuwnct!qhhkegt/!

9 UGE/!517/!HWPFKPI!HQT!VJG!XKUC!UGEWTKV[!RTQITCO/!

;

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Uvcvg!cpf!Tg.

21 ncvgf!Cigpe{!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev-!3116!)vkvng!KX!qh!fkxkukqp!

22 D!qh!Rwdnke!Ncy!219558*!ku!cogpfgf-!kp!vjg!hqwtvj!rctc.

23 itcrj! wpfgt! vjg! jgcfkpi! Fkrnqocvke! cpf! Eqpuwnct! Rtq.

24 itcou-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Dgikppkpi! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu!

25 vjtqwij!vjg!rgtkqf!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!kpugtvkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

26 Dgikppkpi! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3116! cpf! vjgtgchvgt-! vjg! Uge.

27 tgvct{!qh!Uvcvg!ku!cwvjqtk|gf!vq!ejctig!uwtejctigu!tgncvgf!

28 vq!eqpuwnct!ugtxkegu!kp!uwrrqtv!qh!gpjcpegf!dqtfgt!ugewtkv{!

29 vjcv! ctg! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! vjg! kookitcpv! xkuc! hggu! kp! ghhgev!

2; qp!Lcpwct{!2-!3115<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!hwpfu!eqnngevgf!rwtuw.

31 cpv!vq!vjku!cwvjqtkv{!ujcnn!dg!etgfkvgf!vq!vjg!crrtqrtkcvkqp!

32 hqt! W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! hqt! vjg!

33 hkuecn! {gct! kp! yjkej! vjg! hggu! ygtg! eqnngevgf-! cpf! ujcnn! dg!

34 cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf!hqt!vjg!hwpfkpi!qh!vjg!Xkuc!Ugew.

35 tkv{! Rtqitco! guvcdnkujgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

36 Ugewtkv{! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 539)g*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
990 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11235 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 126 of 443

236!

2 Cev!qh!3113!)Rwdnke!Ncy!2183;7*<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!

3 uwej! uwtejctigu! ujcnn! dg! 21! rgtegpv! qh! vjg! hgg! cuuguugf!

4 qp!kookitcpv!xkuc!crrnkecvkqpu//!

5

)d*! T

C

H /•Vygp.

6 v{! rgtegpv! qh! vjg! hwpfu! eqnngevgf! gcej! hkuecn! {gct! wpfgt!

7 vjg! jgcfkpi! Fkrnqocvke! cpf! Eqpuwnct! Rtqitcou! kp! vjg!

8 Fgrctvogpv! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! Tgncvgf! Cigpe{! Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!

9 Cev-!3116!)vkvng!KX!qh!fkxkukqp!D!qh!Rwdnke!Ncy!219558*-!

; cu! cogpfgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! ujcnn! dg! fgrqukvgf! kpvq! vjg!

21 igpgtcn! hwpf! qh! vjg! Vtgcuwt{! cu! tgrc{ogpv! qh! hwpfu! cr.

22 rtqrtkcvgf!rwtuwcpv!vq!ugevkqp!518)e*!qh!vjku!Cev!wpvkn!vjg!

23 gpvktg!crrtqrtkcvgf!uwo!jcu!dggp!tgrckf/!

24 UGE/! 518/! GZRGFKVKQWU! GZRCPUKQP! QH! XKUC! UGEWTKV[!

25

RTQITCO!VQ!JKIJ.TKUM!RQUVU/!

26

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 539)k*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf!

27 Ugewtkv{!Cev!qh!3113!)7!W/U/E/!347)k**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!

28 cu!hqnnqyu<!

29

)k*! X K

F

J .T !

2; R /•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! vjg!

31 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! qp.ukvg!

32 tgxkgy! qh! cnn! xkuc! crrnkecvkqpu! cpf!uwrrqtvkpi! fqewogpvc.

33 vkqp! dghqtg! cflwfkecvkqp! cv! vjg! vqr! 41! xkuc.kuuwkpi! rquvu!

34 fgukipcvgf! lqkpvn{! d{! vjg! Ugetgvctkgu! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! Jqog.

35 ncpf!Ugewtkv{!cu!jkij.tkum!rquvu//!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
991 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11236 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 127 of 443

237!

2

)d*! C

R

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

3 qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! ugevkqp-! vjg!

4 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! cuukip! rgtuqppgn! vq!

5 vjg! xkuc.kuuwkpi! rquvu! tghgtgpegf! kp! ugevkqp! 539)k*! qh! vjg!

6 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7! W/U/E/! 347)k**-! cu!

7 cogpfgf! d{! vjku! ugevkqp-! cpf! eqoowpkecvg! uwej! cuukip.

8 ogpvu!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg/!

9

)e*! C

/•Vjgtg! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! cr.

; rtqrtkcvgf! %71-111-111! hqt! gcej! qh! vjg! hkuecn! {gctu! 3125!

21 cpf!3126-!yjkej!ujcnn!dg!wugf!vq!gzrgfkvg!vjg!korngogpvc.

22 vkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 539)k*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev-! cu!

23 cogpfgf!d{!vjku!ugevkqp/!

24 UGE/!519/!GZRGFKVGF!ENGCTCPEG!CPF!RNCEGOGPV!QH!FG.

25

RCTVOGPV! QH! JQOGNCPF! UGEWTKV[! RGT.

26

UQPPGN! CV! QXGTUGCU! GODCUUKGU! CPF! EQP.

27

UWNCT!RQUVU/!

28

Ugevkqp! 539! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113!

29 )7! W/U/E/! 347*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqn.

2; nqykpi<!

31

)l*! G

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32 F

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33 Q

G

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34 uvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!cpf!vjg!rtqeguugu!ugv!

35 hqtvj! kp! Pcvkqpcn! Ugewtkv{! Fghgpug! Fktgevkxg! 49! )fcvgf!

36 Lwpg! 3-! 2;93*! qt! cp{! uweeguuqt! Fktgevkxg-! vjg! Ejkgh! qh!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
992 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11237 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 128 of 443

238!

2 Okuukqp!qh!c!rquv!vq!yjkej!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ug.

3 ewtkv{! jcu! cuukipgf! rgtuqppgn! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )g*! qt! )k*!

4 ujcnn! gpuwtg-! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qp!

5 yjkej! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! eqoowpkecvgu!

6 uwej!cuukipogpv!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg-!vjcv!uwej!rgt.

7 uqppgn!jcxg!dggp!uvcvkqpgf!cpf!ceeqooqfcvgf!cv!rquv!cpf!

8 ctg!cdng!vq!ectt{!qwv!vjgkt!fwvkgu//!

9 UGE/!51;/!CEETGFKVCVKQP!TGSWKTGOGPVU/!

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21 V

R

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

22 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

23

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )26*)H*)k*•!

24

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp! 325)n*! cv! cp! guvcd.

25

nkujgf! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! ugokpct{-! eqpugtx.

26

cvqt{-! cecfgoke! jkij! uejqqn-! gngogpvct{! uejqqn-!

27

qt! qvjgt! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt! kp! cp! ceetgf.

28

kvgf! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi! rtqitco! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

29

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 325)o*! cv! cp! ce.

2;

etgfkvgf! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! qt! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi!

31

rtqitco-! qt! cv! cp! guvcdnkujgf! ugokpct{-! eqp.

32

ugtxcvqt{-! cecfgoke! jkij! uejqqn-! gngogpvct{!

33

uejqqn-! qt! qvjgt! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! kp! vjg!

34

Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu=!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 129 of 443

239!

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3

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4

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=! cpf!

5

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf! kh! cp{! uwej! kpuvkvwvkqp!

6

qh! ngctpkpi! qt! rnceg! qh! uvwf{! hcknu! vq! ocmg! tg.

7

rqtvu! rtqorvn{! vjg! crrtqxcn! ujcnn! dg! ykvj.

8

ftcyp-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cpf! kh! cp{! uwej! kpuvkvw.

9

vkqp! qh! ngctpkpi! qh! rnceg! qh! uvwf{! hcknu! vq! ocmg!

;

tgrqtvu! rtqorvn{! qt! hcknu! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! cp{! ce.

21

etgfkvcvkqp! tgswktgogpv! )kpenwfkpi! fgcfnkpgu! hqt!

22

uwdokvvkpi! ceetgfkvcvkqp! crrnkecvkqpu! qt! qdvckp.

23

kpi! ceetgfkvcvkqp*! vjg! crrtqxcn! ujcnn! dg! ykvj.

24

ftcyp-=!cpf!

25

)3*! d{! cogpfkpi! rctcitcrj! )63*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqn.

26

nqyu<!

27

)63*! Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! ugevkqp! 325)o*)5*-! vjg!

28 vgto! ceetgfkvgf! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! qt! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi!

29 rtqitco!ogcpu!c!eqnngig-!wpkxgtukv{-!qt!ncpiwcig!vtckpkpi!

2; rtqitco!vjcv!ku!ceetgfkvgf!d{!cp!ceetgfkvkpi!cigpe{!tgeqi.

31 pk|gf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Gfwecvkqp//!

32

)d*! Q

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33 325)o*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!

34 2295)o**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

35

)4*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! tg.

36 swktg! ceetgfkvcvkqp! qh! cp! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! )gzegrv! hqt!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 130 of 443

23;!

2 ugokpctkgu! qt! qvjgt! tgnkikqwu! kpuvkvwvkqpu*! hqt! rwtrqugu! qh!

3 ugevkqp!212)c*)26*)H*!kh•!

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5

dg! ceetgfkvgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)H*)k*=! cpf!

6

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8

xkfg!uwej!ceetgfkvcvkqp/!

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; tgvct{u! fkuetgvkqp-! oc{! yckxg! vjg! ceetgfkvcvkqp! tgswktg.

21 ogpv! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*! qt! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)H*)k*! ykvj!

22 tgurgev!vq!cp!kpuvkvwvkqp!kh!uwej!kpuvkvwvkqp•!

23

)C*! ku! qvjgtykug! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! tg.

24

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25

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26

cv! ngcuv! 2! {gct! cpf! eqpvkpwgu! vq! rtqitguu! vqyctf! ce.

27

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vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Gfwecvkqp//!

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32

ujcnn•!

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)C*! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 291!

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fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=!

35

cpf!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
995 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1123; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 131 of 443

241!

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3

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4

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5

)C*/!

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8

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9

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;

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ncem! qh! ceetgfkvcvkqp! kh! vjg! kpuvkvwvkqp•!

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Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qp! uwej! fcvg=!

25

)D*! uwdokvvgf! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! ceetgfkvc.

26

vkqp! vq! cp! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! tgeqipk|gf! d{! vjg!

27

Ugetgvct{! qh! Gfwecvkqp! fwtkpi! vjg! 7.oqpvj! rg.

28

tkqf! gpfkpi! qp! uwej! fcvg=! cpf!

29

)E*! eqpvkpwgu! vq! rtqitguu! vqyctf! ceetgfkvc.

2;

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31 UGE/!521/!XKUC!HTCWF/!

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34 okitcpv!Tgurqpukdknkv{!Cev!qh!2;;7!)9!W/U/E/!2483)f**!ku!

35 cogpfgf•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
996 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11241 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 132 of 443

242!

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8

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;

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23

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24

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25

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26

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27

vq! kuuwg! Hqto! K31u-! rgpfkpi! c! hkpcn! fgvgtokpcvkqp!

28

d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! kpuvkvwvkqpu! egt.

29

vkhkecvkqp! wpfgt! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt!

2;

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31

)d*! G

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32 Uwej! ugevkqp! 752)f*-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*-! ku!

33 hwtvjgt!cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

34

)5*! R

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36

qh-! cp! crrtqxgf! kpuvkvwvkqp! qh! jkijgt! gfwecvkqp-! cp!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
997 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11242 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 133 of 443

243!

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3

kipcvgf! gzejcpig! xkukvqt! rtqitco! yjq! ku! eqpxkevgf!

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Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! ujcnn! dg! rgtocpgpvn{! fku.

6

swcnkhkgf! htqo! hknkpi! hwvwtg! rgvkvkqpu! cpf! htqo! jcx.

7

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8

enwfkpi! ugtxkpi! cu! c! rtkpekrcn-! qypgt-! qhhkegt-! dqctf!

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ogodgt-! igpgtcn! rctvpgt-! fgukipcvgf! uejqqn! qhhkekcn-!

;

qt! cp{! qvjgt! rqukvkqp! qh! uwduvcpvkxg! cwvjqtkv{! hqt! vjg!

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23

pqpkookitcpv! cnkgp! uvwfgpvu! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

24

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25

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

26

2212)c*)26**//!

27 UGE/!522/!DCEMITQWPF!EJGEMU/!

28

)c*! K I

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29 okitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh!

2; 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2483)f**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 522)d*!

31 qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

32 hqnnqykpi<!

33

)6*! D

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35

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36

gf! ceeguu! vq! UGXKU! wpnguu! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn! ku! c!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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998 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11243 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 134 of 443

244!

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26

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27

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28

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2;

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31

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32

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goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 135 of 443

245!

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24

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26

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27

dcemitqwpf! ejgemu//!

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29 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 2! {gct!

2; chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

31 UGE/!523/!PWODGT!QH!FGUKIPCVGF!UEJQQN!QHHKEKCNU/!

32

Ugevkqp!752)f*!qh!vjg!Knngicn!Kookitcvkqp!Tghqto!cpf!

33 Kookitcpv!Tgurqpukdknkv{!Cev!qh!2;;7!)9!W/U/E/!2483)f**-!

34 cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 523)c*! qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt!

35 cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1000 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11245 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 136 of 443

246!

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29 UGE/!524/!TGRQTVKPI!TGSWKTGOGPV/!

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31 )7!W/U/E/!363)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

32

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33

itcrj! )7*=! cpf!

34

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )5*! vjg! hqn.

35

nqykpi<!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1001 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11246 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 137 of 443

247!

2

)6*! U

.

3

/•Kp! cfokpkuvgtkpi! vjg! rtqitco! wpfgt! rctc.

4

itcrj! )5*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn-! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! qpg!

5

{gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! rctc.

6

itcrj-! rtguetkdg!tgiwncvkqpu! vq! tgswktg!cp!kpuvkvwvkqp!

7

qt! gzejcpig! xkukvqt! rtqitco! urqpuqt! rctvkekrcvkpi! kp!

8

vjg! Uvwfgpv! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! vq! gpuwtg!

9

vjcv! gcej! uvwfgpv! qt! gzejcpig! xkukvqt! yjq! jcu! pqp.

;

kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uwdrctcitcrj! )H*-!

21

)L*-! qt! )O*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

22

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26**! gptqnngf!

23

cv! vjg! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt! cvvgpfkpi! vjg! gzejcpig! xkukvqt!

24

rtqitco! ku! tgrqtvgf! vq! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! ykvjkp! 21!

25

fc{u! qh•!

26

)C*! vtcpuhgttkpi! vq! cpqvjgt! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt!

27

rtqitco=!

28

)D*! ejcpikpi! cecfgoke! oclqtu=! qt!

29

)E*! cp{! qvjgt! ejcpigu! vq! kphqtocvkqp! tg.

2;

swktgf! vq! dg! ockpvckpgf! kp! vjg! u{uvgo! fguetkdgf!

31

kp! rctcitcrj! )5*//!

32 UGE/!525/!HNKIJV!UEJQQNU!PQV!EGTVKHKGF!D[!HCC/!

33

)c*! K I

/•Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp!

34 )d*-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!rtqjkdkv!cp{!

35 hnkijv! uejqqn! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! htqo! ceeguukpi! UGXKU!

36 qt!kuuwkpi!c!Hqto!K31!vq!cp!cnkgp!uggmkpi!c!uvwfgpv!xkuc!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1002 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11247 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 138 of 443

248!

2 rwtuwcpv! vq! uwdrctcitcrj! )H*)k*! qt! )O*)k*! qh! ugevkqp!

3 212)c*)26*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

4 W/U/E/!2212)c*)26**!kh!vjg!hnkijv!uejqqn!jcu!pqv!dggp!egt.

5 vkhkgf!vq!vjg!ucvkuhcevkqp!qh!vjg!Ugetgvct{!cpf!d{!vjg!Hgf.

6 gtcn!Cxkcvkqp!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!rwtuwcpv!vq!rctv!252!qt!rctv!

7 253! qh! vkvng! 25-! Eqfg! qh! Hgfgtcn! Tgiwncvkqpu! )qt! ukoknct!

8 uweeguuqt!tgiwncvkqpu*/!

9

)d*!V

G

/•Fwtkpi!vjg!6.{gct!rg.

; tkqf! dgikppkpi! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-!

21 vjg!Ugetgvct{!oc{!yckxg!vjg!tgswktgogpv!wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!

22 )c*!vjcv!c!hnkijv!uejqqn!dg!egtvkhkgf!d{!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Cxkcvkqp!

23 Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!kh!uwej!hnkijv!uejqqn•!

24

)2*! ycu! egtvkhkgf! wpfgt! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gz.

25

ejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

26

ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev=!

27

)3*! uwdokvvgf! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! egtvkhkecvkqp!

28

ykvj! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! fwtkpi! vjg!

29

2.{gct! rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! qp! uwej! fcvg=! cpf!

2;

)4*! eqpvkpwgu! vq! rtqitguu! vqyctf! egtvkhkecvkqp! d{!

31

vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp/!

32 UGE/!526/!TGXQECVKQP!QH!CEETGFKVCVKQP/!

33

Cv! vjg! vkog! cp! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! qt! cuuqekcvkqp! ku!

34 tgswktgf!vq!pqvkh{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Gfwecvkqp!cpf!vjg!cr.

35 rtqrtkcvg!Uvcvg!nkegpukpi!qt!cwvjqtk|kpi!cigpe{!qh!vjg!hkpcn!

36 fgpkcn-! ykvjftcycn-! uwurgpukqp-! qt! vgtokpcvkqp! qh! ceetgfk.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1003 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11248 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 139 of 443

249!

2 vcvkqp! qh! cp! kpuvkvwvkqp! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 5;7! qh! vjg!

3 Jkijgt! Gfwecvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;76! )31! W/U/E/! 21;;d*-! uwej!

4 ceetgfkvkpi!cigpe{!qt!cuuqekcvkqp!ujcnn!pqvkh{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!

5 qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!qh!uwej!fgvgtokpcvkqp!cpf!vjg!Uge.

6 tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! koogfkcvgn{! ykvjftcy!

7 vjg! uejqqn! htqo! vjg! UGXR! cpf! rtqjkdkv! vjg! uejqqn! htqo!

8 ceeguukpi!UGXKU/!

9 UGE/!527/!TGRQTV!QP!TKUM!CUUGUUOGPV/!

;

Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

21 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!

22 uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg!

23 cpf!vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgr.

24 tgugpvcvkxgu! c! tgrqtv! vjcv! eqpvckpu! vjg! tkum! cuuguuogpv!

25 uvtcvgi{!vjcv!yknn!dg!gornq{gf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!vq!kfgpvkh{-!

26 kpxguvkicvg-! cpf! vcmg! crrtqrtkcvg! cevkqp! cickpuv! uejqqnu!

27 cpf! uejqqn! qhhkekcnu! vjcv! ctg! hceknkvcvkpi! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh!

28 Hqto! K31! cpf! vjg! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! uvwfgpv! xkuc! uvcvwu!

29 kp!xkqncvkqp!qh!vjg!kookitcvkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

2; UGE/!528/!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!ICQ!TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU/!

31

Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

32 ogpv!qh!vjku!cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!

33 uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg!

34 cpf!vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgr.

35 tgugpvcvkxgu!c!tgrqtv!vjcv!fguetkdgu•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1004 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11249 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 140 of 443

24;!

2

)2*! vjg! rtqeguu! kp! rnceg! vq! kfgpvkh{! cpf! cuuguu!

3

tkumu! kp! vjg! UGXR=!

4

)3*! c! tkum! cuuguuogpv! rtqeguu! vq! cnnqecvg!

5

UGXRu! tguqwtegu! dcugf! qp! tkum=!

6

)4*! vjg! rtqegfwtgu! kp! rnceg! hqt! eqpukuvgpvn{! gp.

7

uwtkpi! c! uejqqnu! gnkikdknkv{-! kpenwfkpi! eqpukuvgpvn{!

8

xgtkh{kpi! kp! nkgw! qh! ngvvgtu=!

9

)5*! jqy! UGXR! kfgpvkhkgf! cpf! cfftguugf! okuukpi!

;

uejqqn! ecug! hkngu=!

21

)6*! c! rncp! vq! fgxgnqr! cpf! korngogpv! c! rtqeguu!

22

vq! oqpkvqt! Uvcvg! nkegpukpi! cpf! ceetgfkvcvkqp! uvcvwu!

23

qh! cnn! UGXR.egtvkhkgf! uejqqnu=!

24

)7*! yjgvjgt! cnn! hnkijv! uejqqnu! vjcv! jcxg! pqv! dggp!

25

egtvkhkgf! vq! vjg! ucvkuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! cpf! d{!

26

vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! jcxg! dggp! tg.

27

oqxgf! htqo! vjg! rtqitco! cpf! jcxg! dggp! tguvtkevgf!

28

htqo! ceeguukpi! UGXKU=!

29

)8*!vjg!uvcpfctf!qrgtcvkpi!rtqegfwtgu!vjcv! iqx.

2;

gtp! eqqtfkpcvkqp! coqpi! UGXR-! Eqwpvgtvgttqtkuo!

31

cpf! Etkokpcn! Gzrnqkvcvkqp! Wpkv-! cpf! W/U/! Kookitc.

32

vkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! hkgnf! qhhkegu=! cpf!

33

)9*! vjg! guvcdnkujgf! etkvgtkc! hqt! tghgttkpi! ecugu! qh!

34

c! rqvgpvkcnn{! etkokpcn! pcvwtg! htqo! UGXR! vq! vjg!

35

eqwpvgtvgttqtkuo! cpf! kpvgnnkigpeg! eqoowpkv{/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1005 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1124; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 141 of 443

251! 2 UGE/!529/!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!UGXKU!KK/!

3

Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 3! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

4 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!

5 eqorngvg!vjg!fgrnq{ogpv!qh!dqvj!rjcugu!qh!vjg!3pf!igpgtc.

6 vkqp! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Kphqtocvkqp! U{uvgo!

7 )eqooqpn{!mpqyp!cu!UGXKU!KK*/!

8 UGE/!52;/!FGHKPKVKQPU/!

9

)c*!F

/•Hqt!rwtrqugu!qh!vjku!vkvng<!

;

)2*! UGXKU/Vjg! vgto! UGXKU! ogcpu! vjg!

21

Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Kphqtocvkqp! U{uvgo!

22

qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

23

)3*! UGXR/Vjg! vgto! UGXR! ogcpu! vjg! Uvw.

24

fgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qh! vjg! Fgrctv.

25

ogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

26 VKVNG! XCKF! VQ! W/U/! KOOKITC.

27 VKQP! CPF! EWUVQOU! GP.

28 HQTEGOGPV!QHHKEGTU!

29 UGE/!612/!KEG!KOOKITCVKQP!GPHQTEGOGPV!CIGPVU/!

2;

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

31 tkv{! ujcnn! cwvjqtk|g! cnn! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu!

32 cpf! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf!

33 Ugewtkv{! yjq! jcxg! uweeguuhwnn{! eqorngvgf! dcuke! kookitc.

34 vkqp! ncy! gphqtegogpv! vtckpkpi! vq! gzgtekug! vjg! rqygtu! eqp.

35 hgttgf!d{•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1006 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11251 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 142 of 443

252!

2

)2*! ugevkqp! 398)c*)6*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

3

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! vq! cttguv! hqt! cp{! qhhgpug! cickpuv!

4

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

5

)3*! ugevkqp! 398)c*)6*)D*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! cttguv!

6

hqt! cp{! hgnqp{=!

7

)4*! ugevkqp! 385)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! cttguv! hqt!

8

dtkpikpi! kp-! vtcpurqtvkpi-! qt! jctdqtkpi! egtvckp!

9

cnkgpu-! qt! kpfwekpi! vjgo! vq! gpvgt=!

;

)5*! ugevkqp! 398)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! gzgewvg! yct.

21

tcpvu! qh! cttguv! hqt! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! kookitcvkqp! xkqnc.

22

vkqpu! kuuwgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 347! qh! vjg! Cev! qt! vq! gzg.

23

ewvg! ycttcpvu! qh! etkokpcn! cttguv! kuuwgf! wpfgt! vjg!

24

cwvjqtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! cpf!

25

)6*! ugevkqp! 398)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! ectt{! hktg.

26

ctou-! rtqxkfgf! vjcv! vjg{! ctg! kpfkxkfwcnn{! swcnkhkgf! d{!

27

vtckpkpi! cpf! gzrgtkgpeg! vq! jcpfng! cpf! uchgn{! qrgtcvg!

28

vjg! hktgctou! vjg{! ctg! rgtokvvgf! vq! ectt{-! ockpvckp!

29

rtqhkekgpe{! kp! vjg! wug! qh! uwej! hktgctou-! cpf! cfjgtg!

2;

vq! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjg! gphqtegogpv! uvcpfctf! iqx.

31

gtpkpi! vjg! wug! qh! hqteg/!

32

)d*! C

R

/•Ugevkqp! 398)c*)3*! qh! vjg! Ko.

33 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2468)c*)3**! ku!

34 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! tgiwncvkqp! cpf! ku! nkmgn{! vq! guecrg!

35 dghqtg! c! ycttcpv! ecp! dg! qdvckpgf! hqt! jku! cttguv-! cpf! kp.

36 ugtvkpi!tgiwncvkqp-/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1007 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11252 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 143 of 443

253!

2

)e*! R /•Kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! ujcnn! dg!

3 rckf! qp! vjg! ucog! uecng! cu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

4 hqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! cpf! ujcnn! tgegkxg! vjg! ucog!

5 dgpghkvu/!

6 UGE/!613/!KEG!FGVGPVKQP!GPHQTEGOGPV!QHHKEGTU/!

7

)c*! C

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

8 Ugewtkv{!ku!cwvjqtk|gf!vq!jktg!3-611!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Ewu.

9 vqou!Gphqtegogpv!fgvgpvkqp!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu/!

;

)d*! F /•Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqteg.

21 ogpv!fgvgpvkqp!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu!yjq!jcxg!uweeguuhwnn{!

22 eqorngvgf! fgvgpvkqp! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! dcuke! vtckpkpi!

23 ujcnn!dg!tgurqpukdng!hqt•!

24

)2*! vcmkpi! cpf! ockpvckpkpi! ewuvqf{! qh! cp{! rgt.

25

uqp! yjq! jcu! dggp! cttguvgf! d{! cp! kookitcvkqp! qhhk.

26

egt=!

27

)3*! vtcpurqtvkpi! cpf! iwctfkpi! kookitcvkqp! fg.

28

vckpggu=!

29

)4*! ugewtkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

2;

fgvgpvkqp! hceknkvkgu=! cpf!

31

)5*! cuukuvkpi! kp! vjg! rtqeguukpi! qh! fgvckpggu/!

32 UGE/! 614/! GPUWTKPI! VJG! UCHGV[! QH! KEG! QHHKEGTU! CPF!

33

CIGPVU/!

34

)c*! D C /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.

35 ewtkv{! ujcnn! gpuwtg! vjcv! gxgt{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou!

36 Gphqtegogpv!fgrqtvcvkqp!qhhkegt!cpf!kookitcvkqp!gphqteg.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1008 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11253 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 144 of 443

254!

2 ogpv!cigpv!qp!fwv{!ku!kuuwgf!jkij.swcnkv{!dqf{!ctoqt!vjcv!

3 ku!crrtqrtkcvg!hqt!vjg!enkocvg!cpf!tkumu!hcegf!d{!vjg!cigpv/!

4 Gpqwij! dqf{! ctoqt! owuv! dg! rwtejcugf! vq! eqxgt! gxgt{!

5 cigpv!kp!vjg!hkgnf/!

6

)d*!Y

/•Uwej!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!Ko.

7 okitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu!

8 cpf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! ctg! gswkrrgf! ykvj!

9 ygcrqpu! vjcv! ctg! tgnkcdng! cpf! ghhgevkxg! vq! rtqvgev! vjgo.

; ugnxgu-!vjgkt!hgnnqy!cigpvu-!cpf!kppqegpv!vjktf!rctvkgu!htqo!

21 vjg!vjtgcvu!rqugf!d{!ctogf!etkokpcnu/!Uwej!ygcrqpu!ujcnn!

22 kpenwfg-!cv!c!okpkowo-!uvcpfctf.kuuwg!jcpfiwpu-!O5!)qt!

23 gswkxcngpv*!tkhngu-!cpf!Vcugtu/!

24

)e*!G

F /•Vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!

25 ;1!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

26 UGE/!615/!KEG!CFXKUQT[!EQWPEKN/!

27

)c*! G

/•Cp! KEG! Cfxkuqt{! Eqwpekn!

28 ujcnn!dg!guvcdnkujgf!pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!4!oqpvju!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!

29 qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

2;

)d*! O

/•Vjg! KEG! Cfxkuqt! Eqwpekn! ujcnn!

31 dg!eqortkugf!qh!8!ogodgtu/!

32

)e*! C

/•Ogodgtu! ujcnn! vq! dg! crrqkpvgf!

33 kp!vjg!hqnnqykpi!ocppgt<!

34

)2*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

35

Rtgukfgpv/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1009 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11254 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 145 of 443

255!

2

)3*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

3

Ejcktocp! qh! vjg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg! qh! vjg! Jqwug!

4

qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu/!

5

)4*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

6

Ejcktocp! qh! vjg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg/!

7

)5*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

8

Nqecn! 622-! vjg! KEG! rtqugewvqtu! wpkqp/!

9

)6*! Vjtgg! ogodgtu! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

;

Pcvkqpcn! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv!

21

Eqwpekn/!

22

)f*! V /•Ogodgtu! ujcnn! ugtxg! tgpgycdng-! 3.{gct!

23 vgtou/!

24

)g*!X

/•Ogodgtujkr!ujcnn!dg!xqnwpvct{!cpf!

25 pqp.tgowpgtcvgf-! gzegrv! vjcv! ogodgtu! yknn! tgegkxg! tgko.

26 dwtugogpv! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hqt!

27 vtcxgn!cpf!qvjgt!tgncvgf!gzrgpugu/!

28

)h*! T

R

/•Ogodgtu! yjq! ctg!

29 gornq{gf! d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!dg!

2; rtqvgevgf!htqo!tgvcnkcvkqp!d{!vjgkt!uwrgtxkuqtu-!ocpcigtu-!

31 cpf! qvjgt! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gornq{ggu!

32 hqt!vjgkt!rctvkekrcvkqp!qp!vjg!Eqwpekn/!

33

)i*! R

/•Vjg! rwtrqug! qh! vjg! Eqwpekn! ku! vq! cf.

34 xkug!vjg!Eqpitguu!cpf!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!

35 qp!kuuwgu!kpenwfkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1010 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11255 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 146 of 443

256!

2

)2*! Vjg! ewttgpv! uvcvwu! qh! kookitcvkqp! gphqteg.

3

ogpv! ghhqtvu-! kpenwfkpi! rtqugewvkqpu! cpf! tgoqxcnu-!

4

vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! uwej! ghhqtvu-! cpf! jqy! gphqteg.

5

ogpv! eqwnf! dg! kortqxgf/!

6

)3*! Vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! eqqrgtcvkxg! ghhqtvu! dg.

7

vyggp! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! qvjgt!

8

ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu-! kpenwfkpi! cffkvkqpcn! v{rgu!

9

qh! gphqtegogpv! cevkxkvkgu! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujqwnf!

;

dg! gpicigf! kp-! uwej! cu! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! etkokpcn! vcum!

21

hqtegu/!

22

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23

pggfu! qh! hkgnf! rgtuqppgn/!

24

)5*! Kortqxgogpvu! vjcv! ujqwnf! dg! ocfg! vq! vjg!

25

qticpk|cvkqpcn! uvtwevwtg! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

26

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kpenwfkpi! yjgvjgt! vjg! rqukvkqp!

27

qh! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpv! ujqwnf! dg! ogtigf!

28

kpvq! vjg! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegt! rqukvkqp/!

29

)6*! Vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! urgekhke! gphqtegogpv!

2;

rqnkekgu! cpf! tgiwncvkqpu! rtqownicvgf! d{! vjg! Uge.

31

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! cpf! yjgvjgt! qvjgt! gp.

32

hqtegogpv! rtkqtkvkgu! ujqwnf! dg! eqpukfgtgf/!

33

)j*! T

/•Vjg! Eqwpekn! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! swctvgtn{!

34 tgrqtvu!vq!vjg!Ejcktogp!cpf!Tcpmkpi!Ogodgtu!qh!vjg!Lw.

35 fkekct{! Eqookvvggu! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg! cpf! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgr.

36 tgugpvcvkxgu! cpf! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1011 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11256 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 147 of 443

257!

2 Vjg! Eqwpekn! ogodgtu! ujcnn! oggv! fktgevn{! ykvj! vjg! Ejckt.

3 ogp!cpf!Tcpmkpi!Ogodgtu!)qt!vjgkt!fgukipcvgf!tgrtgugpv.

4 cvkxgu*! cpf! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! fkuewuu! vjgkt! tgrqtvu!

5 gxgt{!7!oqpvju/!

6 UGE/! 616/! RKNQV! RTQITCO! HQT! GNGEVTQPKE! HKGNF! RTQE.

7

GUUKPI/!

8

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

9 tkv{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! c! rknqv! rtqitco! kp! cv! ngcuv! hkxg! qh! vjg!

; vgp! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! hkgnf! qhhkegu!

21 ykvj! vjg! nctiguv! tgoqxcn! ecugnqcfu! vq! cnnqy! Kookitcvkqp!

22 cpf! Ewuvqou! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! cpf! kookitcvkqp! gp.

23 hqtegogpv!cigpvu!vq•!

24

)2*! gngevtqpkecnn{! rtqeguu! cpf! ugtxg! ejctikpi!

25

fqewogpvu-! kpenwfkpi! Pqvkegu! vq! Crrgct-! yjkng! kp! vjg!

26

hkgnf=!cpf!

27

)3*! gngevtqpkecnn{! rtqeguu! cpf! rnceg! fgvckpgtu!

28

yjkng! kp! vjg! hkgnf/!

29

)d*! F /•Vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

2; ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! dg! fgukipgf! vq! cnnqy! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu!

31 cpf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! vq! wug! jcpfjgnf! qt!

32 xgjkeng.oqwpvgf!eqorwvgtu!vq•!

33

)2*! gpvgt! cp{! tgswktgf! fcvc-! kpenwfkpi! rgtuqpcn!

34

kphqtocvkqp! cdqwv! vjg! cnkgp! uwdlgev! cpf! vjg! tgcuqp!

35

hqt! kuuwkpi! vjg! fqewogpv=!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1012 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11257 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 148 of 443

258!

2

)3*! crrn{! vjg! gngevtqpke! ukipcvwtg! qh! vjg! kuuwkpi!

3

qhhkegt! qt! cigpv=!

4

)4*! ugv! vjg! fcvg! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgswktgf! vq! crrgct!

5

dghqtg! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! Pqvkegu!

6

vq!Crrgct=!

7

)5*! rtkpv! cp{! fqewogpvu! vjg! cnkgp! uwdlgev! oc{!

8

dg! tgswktgf! vq! ukip-! cnqpi! ykvj! cffkvkqpcn! eqrkgu! qh!

9

fqewogpvu! vq! dg! ugtxgf! qp! vjg! cnkgp=! cpf!

;

)6*! kpvgthceg! ykvj! vjg! GPHQTEG! fcvcdcug! uq!

21

vjcv! cnn! fcvc! ku! uvqtgf! cpf! tgvtkgxcdng/!

22

)e*! E

/•Vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp!

23 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! dg! fgukipgf! vq! tgrnceg-! vq! vjg! gzvgpv!

24 rquukdng-! vjg! ewttgpv! rcrgtyqtm! cpf! fcvc.gpvt{! rtqeguu!

25 wugf! hqt! kuuwkpi! uwej! ejctikpi! fqewogpvu! cpf! fgvckpgtu/!

26

)f*!F

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!kpkvkcvg!vjg!rknqv!

27 rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ykvjkp! 7! oqpvju! qh!

28 vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

29

)g*! T

/•Vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! Ceeqwpvcdknkv{! Qhhkeg!

2; ujcnn!tgrqtv!vq!vjg!Lwfkekct{!Eqookvvgg!qh!vjg!Ugpcvg!cpf!

31 vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! pq! ncvgt! vjcp! 29! oqpvju!

32 chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!qp!vjg!ghhgevkxgpguu!

33 qh!vjg!rknqv!rtqitco!cpf!rtqxkfg!tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!hqt!ko.

34 rtqxkpi!kv/!

35

)h*! C

E

/•Vjg! KEG! Cfxkuqt{! Eqwpekn!

36 guvcdnkujgf! d{! ugevkqp! 615! ujcnn! kpenwfg! tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1013 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11258 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 149 of 443

259!

2 qp! jqy! vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! ujqwnf! yqtm! kp! vjg! hktuv! swct.

3 vgtn{! tgrqtv! qh! vjg! Eqwpekn-! cpf! ujcnn! kpenwfg! cuuguuogpvu!

4 qh! vjg! rtqitco! cpf!tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!hqt! kortqxgogpv! kp!

5 gcej!uwdugswgpv!tgrqtv/!

6

)i*!G

F /•Vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!

7 291!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

8 UGE/! 617/! CFFKVKQPCN! KEG! FGRQTVCVKQP! QHHKEGTU! CPF!

9

UWRRQTV!UVCHH/!

;

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

21 tkv{! ujcnn-! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! cxckncdknkv{! qh! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! hqt!

22 uwej! rwtrqug-! kpetgcug! vjg! pwodgt! qh! rqukvkqpu! hqt! hwnn.!

23 vkog! cevkxg.fwv{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv!

24 fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! d{! 6-111! cdqxg! vjg! pwodgt! qh! hwnn.!

25 vkog!rqukvkqpu!hqt!yjkej!hwpfu!ygtg!crrtqrtkcvgf!hqt!hkuecn!

26 {gct!3124/!Vjg!Ugetgvct{!yknn!fgvgtokpg!vjg!tcvg!cv!yjkej!

27 vjg! cffkvkqpcn! qhhkegtu! yknn! dg! cffgf! ykvj! fwg! tgictf! vq!

28 hknnkpi! vjg! rqukvkqpu! cu! gzrgfkvkqwun{! cu! rquukdng! ykvjqwv!

29 ocmkpi! cp{! eqortqokugu! kp! vjg! ugngevkqp! qt! vjg! vtckpkpi!

2; qh!vjg!cffkvkqpcn!qhhkegtu/!

31

)d*! U

U /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn-! uwdlgev!

32 vq! vjg! cxckncdknkv{! qh! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! hqt! uwej! rwtrqug-! kp.

33 etgcug! vjg! pwodgt! qh! rqukvkqpu! hqt! hwnn.vkog! uwrrqtv! uvchh!

34 hqt! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp!

35 qhhkegtu!d{!811!cdqxg!vjg!pwodgt!qh!hwnn.vkog!rqukvkqpu!hqt!

36 yjkej!hwpfu!ygtg!crrtqrtkcvgf!hqt!hkuecn!{gct!3124/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1014 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11259 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 150 of 443

25;! 2 UGE/!618/!CFFKVKQPCN!KEG!RTQUGEWVQTU/!

3

Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! kpetgcug!

4 d{! 71! vjg! pwodgt! qh! hwnn.vkog! vtkcn! cvvqtpg{u! yqtmkpi! hqt!

5 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! Qhhkeg! qh! vjg!

6 Rtkpekrcn!Ngicn!Cfxkuqt/!
7 VKVNG!XKOKUEGNNCPGQWU! 8 GPHQTEGOGPV!RTQXKUKQPU!

9 UGE/!712/!VKOGN[!TGRCVTKCVKQP/!

;

)c*! N

E

/•Dgikppkpi! qp! vjg! fcvg!

21 vjcv! ku! 7! oqpvju! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-!

22 cpf!gxgt{!7!oqpvju!vjgtgchvgt-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

23 Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!rwdnkuj!c!tgrqtv!kpenwfkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

24

)2*! C! nkuv! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

25

)C*! Eqwpvtkgu! vjcv! jcxg! tghwugf! qt! wptgc.

26

uqpcdn{! fgnc{gf! tgrcvtkcvkqp! qh! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ku!

27

c! pcvkqpcn! qh! vjcv! eqwpvt{! ukpeg! vjg! fcvg! qh! gp.

28

cevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! vjg! vqvcn! pwodgt! qh!

29

uwej! cnkgpu-! fkuciitgicvgf! d{! pcvkqpcnkv{/!

2;

)D*! Eqwpvtkgu! vjcv! jcxg! cp! gzeguukxg! tgrc.

31

vtkcvkqp! hcknwtg! tcvg/!

32

)3*! C! nkuv! qh! gcej! eqwpvt{! vjcv! ycu! kpenwfgf!

33

wpfgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*! qt! )E*! qh! rctcitcrj! )2*! kp!

34

dqvj! vjg! tgrqtv! rtgegfkpi! vjg! ewttgpv! tgrqtv! cpf! vjg!

35

ewttgpv! tgrqtv/!

36

)d*!U

/•Dgikppkpi!qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!c!eqwp.

37 vt{!ku!kpenwfgf!kp!c!nkuv!wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!)c*)3*!cpf!gpfkpi!

•JT! 2259! KJ
1015 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1125; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 151 of 443

261!

2 qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!vjcv!eqwpvt{! ku!pqv!kpenwfgf!kp!uwej!nkuv-!

3 vjcv!eqwpvt{!ujcnn!dg!uwdlgev!vq!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

4

)2*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! oc{! pqv! kuuwg! xkucu!

5

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)C*)kkk*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

6

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26*)C*)kkk**!

7

vq! cvvgpfcpvu-! ugtxcpvu-! rgtuqpcn! gornq{ggu-! cpf!

8

ogodgtu! qh! vjgkt! koogfkcvg! hcoknkgu-! qh! vjg! qhhkekcnu!

9

cpf! gornq{ggu! qh! vjcv! eqwpvt{! yjq! tgegkxg! pqp.

;

kookitcpv! uvcvwu! wpfgt! encwug! )k*! qt! )kk*! qh! ugevkqp!

21

212)c*)26*)C*! qh! uwej! Cev/!

22

)3*! Gcej! 7! oqpvju! vjgtgchvgt! vjcv! vjg! eqwpvt{!

23

ku! kpenwfgf! kp! vjcv! nkuv-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! ujcnn!

24

tgfweg! vjg! pwodgt! qh! xkucu! cxckncdng! wpfgt! encwug! )k*!

25

qt! )kk*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

26

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! kp! c! hkuecn! {gct! vq! pcvkqpcnu! qh!

27

vjcv! eqwpvt{! d{! cp! coqwpv! gswcn! vq! 21! rgtegpv! qh!

28

vjg! dcugnkpg! xkuc! pwodgt! hqt! vjcv! eqwpvt{/! Gzegrv! cu!

29

rtqxkfgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 354)f*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

2;

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2364*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

31

oc{! pqv! tgfweg! vjg! pwodgt! vq! c! ngxgn! dgnqy! 31! rgt.

32

egpv! qh! vjg! dcugnkpg! xkuc! pwodgt/!

33

)e*!Y

/•!

34

)2*! P

/•Kh! vjg! Uge.

35

tgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! uwdokvu! vq! Eqpitguu! c! ytkvvgp! fgvgt.

36

okpcvkqp! vjcv! ukipkhkecpv! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{! kpvgtguvu!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1016 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11261 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 152 of 443

262!

2

qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! tgswktg! c! yckxgt! qh! vjg! ucpe.

3

vkqpu! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )d*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! yckxg!

4

cp{! tgfwevkqp! dgnqy! 91! rgtegpv! qh! vjg! dcugnkpg! xkuc!

5

pwodgt/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{!

6

pqv! fgngicvg! vjg! cwvjqtkv{! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp/!

7

)3*! V

/•Kh!

8

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9

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35 tgrcvtkcvkqp! ycu! tghwugf! qt! wptgcuqpcdn{! fgnc{gf! ku! vq! dg!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 153 of 443

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 154 of 443

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 155 of 443

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7 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

8 Uvcvg!kp!korngogpvcvkqp!qh!vjku!ugevkqp!cpf!kp!ocmkpi!tg.

9 swguvu!vq!tgrcvtkcvg!cnkgpu!cu!crrtqrtkcvg/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 156 of 443

266!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 157 of 443

267!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 158 of 443

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 159 of 443

269!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 160 of 443

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wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*! qt! )d*/!

21

)D*! G

.

22

/•Kh-! chvgt! citggkpi! vq! xqnwpvct{! fgrct.

23

vwtg-! vjg! cnkgp! hkngu! c! vkogn{! crrgcn! qh! vjg! kook.

24

itcvkqp! lwfigu! fgekukqp! itcpvkpi! xqnwpvct{! fg.

25

rctvwtg-! vjg! cnkgp! oc{! rwtuwg! vjg! crrgcn! kp.

26

uvgcf! qh! vjg! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! citggogpv/!

27

Uwej! crrgcn! qrgtcvgu! vq! xqkf! vjg! cnkgpu! xqn.

28

wpvct{! fgrctvwtg! citggogpv! cpf! vjg! eqp.

29

ugswgpegu! qh! uwej! citggogpv-! dwv! rtgenwfgu! vjg!

2;

cnkgp! htqo! cpqvjgt! itcpv! qh! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg!

31

yjkng! vjg! cnkgp! tgockpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

32

)6*! X

.

33

/•Gzegrv! cu! gzrtguun{! citggf! vq! d{! vjg!Uge.

34

tgvct{! kp! ytkvkpi! kp! vjg! gzgtekug! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{u!

35

fkuetgvkqp! dghqtg! vjg! gzrktcvkqp! qh! vjg! rgtkqf! cnnqygf!

36

hqt! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg-! pq! oqvkqp-! crrgcn-! crrnkec.

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1025 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1126; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 161 of 443

271!

2

vkqp-! rgvkvkqp-! qt! rgvkvkqp! hqt! tgxkgy! ujcnn! chhgev-! tgkp.

3

uvcvg-! gplqkp-! fgnc{-! uvc{-! qt! vqnn! vjg! cnkgpu! qdnkicvkqp!

4

vq! fgrctv! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

5

citggf! vq! d{! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{/=!

6

)5*! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdugevkqp! )f*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqn.

7

nqyu<!

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H

V F /•Kh! cp!

9 cnkgp! ku!rgtokvvgf!vq!xqnwpvctkn{!fgrctv! wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp!

; cpf! hcknu! vq! xqnwpvctkn{! fgrctv! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

21 ykvjkp! vjg! vkog! rgtkqf! urgekhkgf! qt! qvjgtykug! xkqncvgu! vjg!

22 vgtou! qh! c! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! citggogpv-! vjg! cnkgp! yknn!

23 dg!uwdlgev!vq!vjg!hqnnqykpi!rgpcnvkgu<!

24

)2*! E

/•Vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! nkcdng!

25

hqt! c! ekxkn!rgpcnv{!qh! %4-111/! Vjg! qtfgt! cnnqykpi! xqn.

26

wpvct{! fgrctvwtg! ujcnn! urgekh{! vjku! coqwpv-! yjkej!

27

ujcnn! dg! cempqyngfigf! d{! vjg! cnkgp! qp! vjg! tgeqtf/! Kh!

28

vjg! Ugetgvct{! vjgtgchvgt! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp!

29

hckngf! vq! fgrctv! xqnwpvctkn{! ykvjkp! vjg! vkog! cnnqygf-!

2;

pq! hwtvjgt! rtqegfwtg! yknn! dg! pgeguuct{! vq! guvcdnkuj!

31

vjg! coqwpv! qh! vjg! rgpcnv{-! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{!

32

eqnngev! vjg! ekxkn! rgpcnv{! cv! cp{! vkog! vjgtgchvgt! cpf!

33

d{! yjcvgxgt! ogcpu! rtqxkfgf! d{! ncy/! Cp! cnkgp! yknn! dg!

34

kpgnkikdng! hqt! cp{! dgpghkvu! wpfgt! vjku! ejcrvgt! wpvkn!

35

vjku! ekxkn! rgpcnv{! ku! rckf/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1026 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11271 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 162 of 443

272!

2

)3*! K

/•Vjg! cnkgp!

3

ujcnn! dg! kpgnkikdng! fwtkpi! vjg! vkog! vjg! cnkgp! tgockpu!

4

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! hqt! c! rgtkqf! qh! 21! {gctu!

5

chvgt! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! hqt! cp{! hwtvjgt! tgnkgh!

6

wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! cpf! ugevkqpu! 351C-! 356-! 359-! cpf!

7

35;/! Vjg! qtfgt!rgtokvvkpi! vjg! cnkgp! vq! fgrctv! xqnwp.

8

vctkn{! ujcnn! kphqto! vjg! cnkgp! qh! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! wpfgt!

9

vjku!uwdugevkqp/!

;

)4*! T

/•Vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! kpgnkikdng!

21

vq! tgqrgp! vjg! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! vjcv! vqqm! ghhgev!

22

wrqp! vjg! cnkgpu! hcknwtg! vq! fgrctv-! qt! wrqp! vjg! cnkgpu!

23

qvjgt! xkqncvkqpu! qh! vjg! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fg.

24

rctvwtg-! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj!

25

)3*/! Vjku! rctcitcrj! fqgu! pqv! rtgenwfg! c! oqvkqp! vq!

26

tgqrgp! vq! uggm! ykvjjqnfkpi! qh! tgoqxcn! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

27

352)d*)4*! qt! rtqvgevkqp! cickpuv! vqtvwtg-! kh! vjg! oq.

28

vkqp•!

29

)C*!rtgugpvu! ocvgtkcn!gxkfgpeg!qh! ejcpigf!

2;

eqwpvt{! eqpfkvkqpu! ctkukpi! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

31

qtfgt! itcpvkpi! xqnwpvct{!fgrctvwtg! kp!vjg!eqwp.

32

vt{! vq! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! yqwnf! dg! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

33

)D*! ocmgu! c! uwhhkekgpv! ujqykpi! vq! vjg! ucv.

34

kuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp!

35

ku! qvjgtykug! gnkikdng! hqt! uwej! rtqvgevkqp/=!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1027 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11272 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 163 of 443

273!

2

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3

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6

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7

vctkn{! fgrctv! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

8

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! rtg.

9

xkqwun{! rgtokvvgf! vjg! cnkgp! vq! fgrctv! xqnwpvctkn{/!

;

)3*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! rtq.

21

ownicvg! tgiwncvkqpu! vq! nkokv! gnkikdknkv{! qt! korqug! cf.

22

fkvkqpcn! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt!

23

uwdugevkqp! )c*)2*! hqt! cp{! encuu! qh! cnkgpu/! Vjg! Uge.

24

tgvct{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! d{! tgiwncvkqp! nkokv!

25

gnkikdknkv{! qt! korqug! cffkvkqpcn! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqn.

26

wpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! uwdugevkqpu! )c*)3*! qt! )d*! qh!

27

vjku! ugevkqp! hqt! cp{! encuu! qt! encuugu! qh! cnkgpu/=! cpf!

28

)7*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )h*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

29

hqnnqykpi<! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 353)c*)3*)F*! qh!

2;

vjku! Cev-! ugevkqpu! 2472-! 2762-! cpf! 3352! qh! vkvng! 39-!

31

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxk.

32

ukqp-! cpf! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt!

33

pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! ch.

34

hgev-! tgkpuvcvg-! gplqkp-! fgnc{-! uvc{-! qt! vqnn! vjg! rgtkqf!

35

cnnqygf! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp//!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1028 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11273 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 164 of 443

274!

2

)d*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! ykvjkp! qpg!

3 {gct!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!rtqownicvg!tgiw.

4 ncvkqpu!vq!rtqxkfg!hqt!vjg!korqukvkqp!cpf!eqnngevkqp!qh!rgp.

5 cnvkgu! hqt! hcknwtg! vq! fgrctv! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351D)f*! qh! vjg!

6 Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;e)f**/!

7

)e*!G

F /•!

8

)2*! K

/•Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! rctc.

9

itcrj! )3*-! vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp!

;

ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnn! qtfgtu! itcpvkpi! xqn.

21

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22

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e*! ocfg!

23

qp! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! gpcev.

24

ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

25

)3*! G

/•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

26

uwdugevkqp! )c*)7*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

27

gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev!

28

vq! cp{! rgvkvkqp! hqt! tgxkgy! yjkej! ku! hkngf! qp! qt! chvgt!

29

uwej! fcvg/!

2; UGE/! 714/! FGVGTTKPI! CNKGPU! QTFGTGF! TGOQXGF! HTQO!

31

TGOCKPKPI! KP! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU! WPNCY.

32

HWNN[/!

33

)c*! K

C /•Ugevkqp!323)c*);*)C*!qh!

34 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

35 2293)c*);*)C**!ku!cogpfgf•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1029 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11274 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 165 of 443

275!

2

)2*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp!

3

ykvjkp! 6! {gctu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! tgoqxcn! )qt! ykvjkp!

4

31! {gctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp! pqv! ncvgt!

5

vjcp! 6! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! tgoqxcn! )qt!

6

pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 31! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgpu! tgoqxcn=!

7

cpf!

8

)3*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp!

9

ykvjkp! 21! {gctu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg!

;

qt! tgoqxcn! )qt! ykvjkp! 31! {gctu! qh! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

21

uggmu! cfokuukqp! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 21! {gctu! chvgt! vjg!

22

fcvg! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! qt! tgoqxcn! )qt! pqv! ncvgt!

23

vjcp!31!{gctu!chvgt/!

24

)d*!D

F

T /•Ugevkqp!385F!

25 qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!435f*!ku!cogpfgf•!

26

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Eqooku.

27

ukqpgt! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

28

tkv{=!cpf!

29

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

2;

)e*!K

T /•!

31

)2*! K

/•Wpnguu! c! vkogn{! oqvkqp! vq!

32

tgqrgp! ku! itcpvgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351)e*)7*-! cp! cnkgp!

33

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn!dg!kpgnkikdng! hqt! cp{!

34

fkuetgvkqpct{! tgnkgh! htqo!tgoqxcn!)kpenwfkpi! ecpegnnc.

35

vkqp! qh! tgoqxcn! cpf! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu*! fwtkpi! vjg!

36

vkog! vjg! cnkgp! tgockpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! hqt!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1030 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11275 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 166 of 443

276!

2

c! rgtkqf! qh! 21! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! htqo!

3

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

4

)3*! U

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! rctc.

5

itcrj! )2*! ujcnn! rtgenwfg! c! oqvkqp! vq! tgqrgp! vq! uggm!

6

ykvjjqnfkpi! qh! tgoqxcn! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)d*)4*! qt!

7

rtqvgevkqp! cickpuv! vqtvwtg-! kh! vjg! oqvkqp•!

8

)C*!rtgugpvu! ocvgtkcn!gxkfgpeg!qh! ejcpigf!

9

eqwpvt{! eqpfkvkqpu! ctkukpi! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

;

hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! kp! vjg! eqwpvt{! vq! yjkej!

21

vjg! cnkgp! yqwnf! dg! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

22

)D*! ocmgu! c! uwhhkekgpv! ujqykpi! vq! vjg! ucv.

23

kuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp!

24

ku! qvjgtykug! gnkikdng! hqt! uwej! rtqvgevkqp//!

25

)e*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

26 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

27 qh!vjku!Cev!ykvj!tgurgev!vq!cnkgpu!yjq!ctg!uwdlgev!vq!c!hkpcn!

28 qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! gpvgtgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

29 UGE/!715/!TGKPUVCVGOGPV!QH!TGOQXCN!QTFGTU/!

2;

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)c*)6*! qh! vjg! Kook.

31 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)c*)6**! ku!

32 cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

33

)6*! T

!

34

/•Kh! vjg!

35

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hkpfu! vjcv! cp! cnkgp!

36

jcu! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! knngicnn{! chvgt! jcxkpi!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1031 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11276 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 167 of 443

277!

2

dggp! tgoqxgf-! fgrqtvgf-! qt! gzenwfgf! qt! jcxkpi! fg.

3

rctvgf! xqnwpvctkn{-! wpfgt! cp! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqt.

4

vcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp-! tgictfnguu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

5

qtkikpcn! qtfgt! qt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! knngicn! gpvt{•!

6

)C*! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt!

7

gzenwukqp! ku! tgkpuvcvgf! htqo! kvu! qtkikpcn! fcvg!

8

cpf! ku! pqv! uwdlgev! vq! dgkpi! tgqrgpgf! qt! tgxkgygf!

9

pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!ugevkqp!353)c*)3*)F*=!

;

)D*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv! gnkikdng! cpf! oc{! pqv!

21

crrn{! hqt! cp{! tgnkgh! wpfgt! vjku! Cev-! tgictfnguu!

22

qh! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! cp! crrnkecvkqp! qt! tgswguv! hqt!

23

uwej! tgnkgh! oc{! jcxg! dggp! hkngf! qt! ocfg=! cpf!

24

)E*! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! tgoqxgf! wpfgt! vjg!

25

qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! cv!

26

cp{! vkog! chvgt! vjg! knngicn! gpvt{/!

27

Tgkpuvcvgogpv! wpfgt! vjku! rctcitcrj! ujcnn! pqv! tg.

28

swktg! rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351! qt! qvjgt! rtq.

29

eggfkpiu! dghqtg! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig//!

2;

)d*!L

T /•Ugevkqp!353!qh!vjg!Kookitc.

31 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2363*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

32 cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

33

)j*! L

T

T

W!

34 U

352)c*)6*/•!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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1032 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11277 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 168 of 443

278!

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6

ykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt!

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pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 3352! qh! vkvng! 39-!

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Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxk.

9

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vjg!qtkikpcn!qtfgt//!

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F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

24 uwdugevkqpu! )c*! cpf! )d*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! cu! kh! gpcevgf! qp!

25 Crtkn! 2-! 2;;8-! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cnn! qtfgtu! tgkpuvcvgf! qt!

26 chvgt!vjcv!fcvg!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!)qt!

27 d{!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!rtkqt!vq!Octej!2-!3114*-!tgictf.

28 nguu!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!qtkikpcn!qtfgt/!

29 UGE/! 716/! ENCTKHKECVKQP! YKVJ! TGURGEV! VQ! FGHKPKVKQP!

2;

QH!CFOKUUKQP/!

31

Ugevkqp! 212)c*)24*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

32 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)24*)C**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

33 cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Cp! cnkgpu! cflwuvogpv!

34 qh!uvcvwu!vq!vjcv!qh!ncyhwn!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpv!uvcvwu!wpfgt!

35 cp{! rtqxkukqp! qh! vjku! Cev-! qt! wpfgt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp!

36 qh!ncy-!ujcnn!dg!eqpukfgtgf!cp!cfokuukqp!hqt!cp{!rwtrqug!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 169 of 443

279!

2 wpfgt! vjku! Cev-! gxgp! kh! vjg! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! qeewttgf!

3 yjkng!vjg!cnkgp!ycu!rtgugpv!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu//!

4 UGE/! 717/! TGRQTVU! VQ! EQPITGUU! QP! VJG! GZGTEKUG! CPF!

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CDWUG!QH!RTQUGEWVQTKCN!FKUETGVKQP/!

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)c*!K I

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7 gpf! qh! gcej! hkuecn! {gct-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

8 tkv{! cpf! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! gcej! rtqxkfg! vq! vjg!

9 Eqookvvggu!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgrtgugpvc.

; vkxgu!cpf!qh!vjg!Ugpcvg!c!tgrqtv!qp!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

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23

d{! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! vjg! rtg.

24

xkqwu! hkuecn! {gct! cpf! hqt! yjqo! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

25

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! fkf! pqv! kuuwg! fgvckpgtu! cpf! fkf!

26

pqv! vcmg! kpvq! ewuvqf{! fgurkvg! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

27

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{u! hkpfkpiu! vjcv! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg!

28

kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

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31

c! fqwdv! gpvkvngf! vq! dg! cfokvvgf! d{! cp! kookitcvkqp!

32

qhhkegt! cpf! yjq! ygtg! pqv! fgvckpgf! cu! tgswktgf! rwtuw.

33

cpv! vq! ugevkqp! 346)d*)3*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

34

Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2336)d*)3*)C**/!

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36

hqwpf! d{! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qhhkekcnu!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 170 of 443

27;!

2

rgthqtokpi! fwvkgu! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! cflwfkecvkqp! qh! cr.

3

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4

ogpv! qh! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt!

5

fgrqtvcdng! yjq! ygtg! pqv! kuuwgf! pqvkegu! vq! crrgct!

6

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7

qt! rncegf! kpvq! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uge.

8

vkqp! 351! )9! W/U/E/! 233;c*-! wpnguu! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg!

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23

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24

cpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! ngicn! pqpkookitcpv! qt!

25

kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! qt! ygtg! fgvgt.

26

okpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

27

)5*! Cnkgpu! kuuwgf! pqvkegu! vq! crrgct! vjcv! ygtg!

28

ecpegnngf! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! hkuecn! {gct! fgurkvg! vjg! Fg.

29

rctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{u! hkpfkpiu! vjcv! vjg!

2;

cnkgpu! ygtg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng-! wpnguu! vjg!

31

cnkgpu! ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq!

32

uvcvwvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! rwtuwcpv!

33

vq! ugevkqp! 351D! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e*-! qt!

34

ygtg! itcpvgf! ngicn! pqpkookitcpv! qt! kookitcpv! uvc.

35

vwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 171 of 443

281!

2

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3

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4

pcvgf! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! hkuecn! {gct! rtkqt! vq! vjgkt! eqp.

5

enwukqp-! wpnguu! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh! htqo!

6

tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{!

7

fgrctvwtg! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 351D-! ygtg! itcpvgf!

8

ngicn! pqpkookitcpv! qt!kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv!vq!

9

uvcvwvg-! qt! ygtg! fgvgtokpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt!

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fgrqtvcdng/!

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22

323)f*)6*)C*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)f*)6*)C**/!

23

)8*! Cnkgpu! itcpvgf! fghgttgf! cevkqp-! gzvgpfgf!

24

xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! qt! cp{! qvjgt! v{rg! qh! tgnkgh! htqo!

25

tgoqxcn! pqv! urgekhkgf! kp! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

26

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! qt! yjgtg! fgvgtokpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfoku.

27

ukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

28

)d*!E

T

/•Vjg!tgrqtv!ujcnn!kpenwfg!

29 c!nkuvkpi!qh!gcej!cnkgp!fguetkdgf!kp!gcej!rctcitcrj!qh!uwd.

2; ugevkqp! )c*-! kpenwfkpi! yjgp! kp! vjg! rquuguukqp! qh! vjg! Fg.

31 rctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vjgkt! pcogu-! hkpigtrtkpv!

32 kfgpvkhkecvkqp! pwodgtu-! cnkgp! tgikuvtcvkqp! pwodgtu-! cpf!

33 tgcuqp!yj{!gcej!ycu!itcpvgf!vjg!v{rg!qh!rtqugewvqtkcn!fku.

34 etgvkqp! tgegkxgf/! Vjg! tgrqtv! ujcnn! cnuq! kpenwfg! ewttgpv!

35 etkokpcn! jkuvqtkgu! qp! gcej! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Dwtgcw!

36 qh!Kpxguvkicvkqp/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1036 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11281 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 172 of 443

282! 2 UGE/!718/!EGTVCKP!CEVKXKVKGU!TGUVTKEVGF/!

3

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4

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5

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6

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7

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8

kpvq! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! Gzcokpcvkqpu! Hgg! Ceeqwpv!

9

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;

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2467)o**-! oc{! dg!

21

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22

)kpenwfkpi! vjtqwij! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! tgiwncvkqpu*!

23

cp{! qh! vjg! rqnke{! ejcpigu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjg! hqnnqykpi!

24

ogoqtcpfc! )qt! cp{! uwduvcpvkcnn{! ukoknct! rqnke{!

25

ejcpigu! kuuwgf! qt! vcmgp! qp! qt! chvgt! Lcpwct{! ;-!

26

3126-! yjgvjgt! ugv! hqtvj! kp! ogoqtcpfwo-! Gzgewvkxg!

27

qtfgt-! tgiwncvkqp-! fktgevkxg-! qt! d{! qvjgt! cevkqp*<!

28

)C*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

29

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

2;

hqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqteg.

31

ogpv<! Rtkqtkvkgu! hqt! vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgp.

32

vkqp-! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh! Cnkgpu! fcvgf! Octej! 3-!

33

3122/!

34

)D*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt!

35

qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

36

hqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugewvqtkcn!

37

Fkuetgvkqp! Eqpukuvgpv! ykvj! vjg! Ekxkn! Kookitc.

•JT! 2259! KJ
1037 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11282 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 173 of 443

283!

2

vkqp! Gphqtegogpv! Rtkqtkvkgu! qh! vjg! Cigpe{! hqt!

3

vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp-! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh!

4

Cnkgpu! fcvgf! Lwpg! 28-! 3122/!

5

)E*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtkpekrcn!

6

Ngicn! Cfxkuqt! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp!

7

cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Ecug.d{.!

8

Ecug! Tgxkgy! qh! Kpeqokpi! cpf! Egtvckp! Rgpfkpi!

9

Ecugu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 28-! 3122/!

;

)F*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt!

21

qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

22

hqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqteg.

23

ogpv<! Iwkfcpeg! qp! vjg! Wug! qh! Fgvckpgtu! kp! vjg!

24

Hgfgtcn-! Uvcvg-! Nqecn-! cpf! Vtkdcn! Etkokpcn! Lwu.

25

vkeg! U{uvgou! fcvgf! Fgegodgt! 32-! 3123/!

26

)G*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

27

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Uqwvjgtp! Dqt.

28

fgt! cpf! Crrtqcejgu! Ecorckip! fcvgf! Pqxgo.

29

dgt! 31-! 3125/!

2;

)H*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

31

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! hqt! vjg!

32

Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh! Wp.

33

fqewogpvgf! Kookitcpvu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-!

34

3125/!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1038 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11283 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 174 of 443

284!

2

)I*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

3

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Ugewtg! Eqoow.

4

pkvkgu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

5

)J*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

6

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi!

7

Rtqugewvqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Kpfk.

8

xkfwcnu! Yjq! Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejkn.

9

ftgp! cpf! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Egtvckp! Kpfkxkfwcnu!

;

Yjq! Ctg! vjg! Rctgpvu! qh! W/U/! Ekvk|gpu! qt! Rgt.

21

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22

)K*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

23

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzrcpukqp! qh!

24

vjg! Rtqxkukqpcn! Yckxgt! Rtqitco! fcvgf! Pqxgo.

25

dgt! 31-! 3125/!

26

)L*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

27

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! Uwr.

28

rqtvkpi! W/U/! Jkij.Umknngf! Dwukpguugu! cpf!

29

Yqtmgtu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

2;

)M*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

31

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Hcoknkgu! qh!

32

W/U/! Ctogf! Hqtegu! Ogodgtu! cpf! Gpnkuvggu!

33

fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

34

)N*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

35

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Fktgevkxg! vq!

goefqpcnf!qp!FUM78SVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•JT! 2259! KJ
1039 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 14<38!Hgd!39-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11284 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^J2259/KJ J2259

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 175 of 443

285!

2

Rtqxkfg! Eqpukuvgpe{! Tgictfkpi! Cfxcpeg! Rc.

3

tqng! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

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5

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! vq! Rtq.

6

oqvg! cpf! Kpetgcug! Ceeguu! vq! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr!

7

fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

8

)P*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv!

9

gpvkvngf! Oqfgtpk|kpi! cpf! Uvtgconkpkpi! vjg!

;

W/U/! Kookitcpv! Xkuc! U{uvgo! hqt! vjg! 32uv! Egp.

21

vwt{! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 32-! 3125/!

22

)Q*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv!

23

gpvkvngf! Etgcvkpi! Ygneqokpi! Eqoowpkvkgu! cpf!

24

Hwnn{! Kpvgitcvkpi! Kookitcpvu! cpf! Tghwiggu!

25

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1141

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 404 of 443

5!

2

cp! wtigpv! jwocpkvctkcp! tgcuqp! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku!

3

uwdrctcitcrj! qpn{! kh•!

4

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5

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6

vjg! hqtgkip! uvcvg! kp! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgukfkpi!

7

qt! vjg! ogfkecn! gogtigpe{! ku! nkhg.vjtgcvgpkpi! cpf!

8

vjgtg! ku! kpuwhhkekgpv! vkog! hqt! vjg! cnkgp! vq! dg! cf.

9

okvvgf! vjtqwij! vjg! pqtocn! xkuc! rtqeguu=!

;

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21

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22

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23

qt!

24

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25

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26

cpf! vjg! cnkgp! eqwnf! pqv! cttkxg! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

27

Uvcvgu! kp! vkog! vq! ugg! uwej! hcokn{! ogodgt! cnkxg!

28

kh! vjg! cnkgp! ygtg! vq! dg! cfokvvgf! vjtqwij! vjg!

29

pqtocn! xkuc! rtqeguu/!

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/•Vjg! Uge.

31

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32

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33

vgtguv! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! uwdrctcitcrj! qpn{! kh! vjg!

34

cnkgp! jcu! cuukuvgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Iqxgtpogpv! kp!

35

c! ocvvgt-! uwej! cu! c! etkokpcn! kpxguvkicvkqp-! gurkq.

36

pcig-! qt! qvjgt! ukoknct! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cevkxkv{-! cpf!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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1269 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11115 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 405 of 443

6!

2

gkvjgt! vjg! cnkgpu! rtgugpeg! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ku! tg.

3

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5

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21

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22

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23

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24

cp{! cnkgp! vq! yjqo! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjku! rctc.

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31

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! cpf!

32

)KK*)cc*! jcu! pqv! dggp! cfokvvgf! vq! vjg!

33

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! qt!

34

)dd*! ycu! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! vq! vjg!

35

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! c! pqpkookitcpv! cpf! tg.

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 406 of 443

7!

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vq! vjg! cnkgp=! qt!

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23

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/•Rctqng! qh!

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27

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28

Uvcvgu/! Yjgp! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! vjg! rctqng! qh! cp! cnkgp!

29

jcxg! dggp! ugtxgf-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

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31

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32

cnkgp! ycu! rctqngf! cpf! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! eqpukfgtgf!

33

hqt! cfokuukqp! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qp! vjg! ucog!

34

dcuku! cu! qvjgt! ukoknctn{! ukvwcvgf! crrnkecpvu! hqt! cf.

35

okuukqp/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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1271 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11117 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 407 of 443

8!

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/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

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4

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5

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6

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7

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8

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9

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21

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22

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23

cpf! ecvgiqtkgu! qh! cnkgpu! rctqngf-! vjg! fwtcvkqp! qh! rc.

24

tqng-! cpf! vjg! ewttgpv! uvcvwu! qh! cnkgpu! rctqngf! fwtkpi!

25

vjg!rtgegfkpi!hkuecn!{gct//!

26

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

27 uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!hktuv!fc{!qh!vjg!hktuv!

28 oqpvj!dgikppkpi!oqtg!vjcp!71!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!

29 gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

2; UGE/!213/!CFLWUVOGPV!QH!UVCVWU!NKOKVGF!VQ!CNKGPU!CF.

31

OKVVGF!VQ!VJG!WPKVGF!UVCVGU/!

32

Uwdugevkqp!)c*!qh!ugevkqp!356!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!

33 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2366*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi!

34 qt!rctqngf/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1272 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11118 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 408 of 443

9! 2 UGE/!214/!RTGUGPEG!KP!VJG!WPKVGF!UVCVGU!RWTUWCPV!VQ!

3

RCTQNG!CFFGF!VQ!RTKQTKV[!FCVG/!

4

Ugevkqp! 314)g*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

5 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2264)g**!ku!cogpfgf•!

6

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv!

7

vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! -! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! vjg! tg.

8

swktgogpv! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )5*/=! cpf!

9

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;

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21

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22

Uvcvgu! rwtuwcpv! vq! c! itcpv! qh! rctqng! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

23

323)f*)6*! hqt! c! rgtkqf! qh! vkog! chvgt! ocmkpi! uwej! cr.

24

rnkecvkqp-!vjg! vkog!rgtkqf!fwtkpi!yjkej! vjg! crrnkecpv!

25

ku! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uwej! c!

26

itcpv! qh! rctqng! ujcnn! dg! cffgf! vq! vjg! crrnkecpvu! rtk.

27

qtkv{! fcvg//!

28 UGE/! 215/! CFOKUUKQP! CPF! NCYHWN! RTGUGPEG! TGSWKTGF!

29

HQT!GORNQ[OGPV!CWVJQTK\CVKQP/!

2;

Rctcitcrj!)4*!qh!ugevkqp!385C)j*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!

31 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2435c)j**! ku! cogpfgf•!

32

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! cp! cnkgp! qvjgtykug! cfokvvgf! vq!

33

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

34

ykvj! c! ncyhwn! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu-! yjq! ku! dghqtg!

35

cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! uq! gornq{gf! d{! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

36

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! d{! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1273 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11119 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 409 of 443

;!

2

VKVNG!KKNKOKVCVKQP!QP!

3

GZGEWVKXG!QXGTTGCEJ!

4 UGE/!312/!FGPKCN!QH!HWPFU!HQT!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!WP.

5

CWVJQTK\GF!CEVKQPU/!

6

Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!pq!hwpfu!

7 qt!hggu!ocfg!cxckncdng!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

8 tkv{-! qt! vq! vjg! jgcf! qh! cp{! qvjgt! Hgfgtcn! cigpe{-! oc{! dg!

9 wugf! vq! korngogpv-! cfokpkuvgt-! gphqteg-! qt! ectt{! qwv! )kp.

; enwfkpi! vjtqwij! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! tgiwncvkqpu*! cp{! qh!

21 vjg! rqnke{! ejcpigu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjg! hqnnqykpi! ogoqtcpfc<!

22

)2*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

23

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

24

vngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqtegogpv<! Rtkqtkvkgu! hqt!

25

vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp-! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh!

26

Cnkgpu! )Octej! 3-! 3122*/!

27

)3*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

28

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

29

vngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugewvqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! Eqpukuvgpv!

2;

ykvj! vjg! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqtegogpv! Rtkqtkvkgu! qh!

31

vjg! Cigpe{! hqt! vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp-! cpf!

32

Tgoqxcn! qh! Cnkgpu! )Lwpg! 28-! 3122*/!

33

)4*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

34

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

35

vngf! Rtqugewvqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp<! Egtvckp! Xkevkou-! Ykv.

36

pguugu-! cpf! Rnckpvkhhu! )Lwpg! 28-! 3122*/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1274 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1111; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 410 of 443

21!

2

)5*! Vjg! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! Kookitcvkqp! Ugtx.

3

kegu! rqnke{! ogoqtcpfwo! gpvkvngf! Tgxkugf! Iwkfcpeg!

4

hqt! vjg! Tghgttcn! qh! Ecugu! cpf! Kuuwcpeg! qh! Pqvkegu! vq!

5

Crrgct! )PVCu*! kp! Ecugu! Kpxqnxkpi! Kpcfokuukdng! cpf!

6

Tgoqxcdng! Cnkgpu! )Pqxgodgt! 28-! 3122*/!

7

)6*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtkpekrcn! Ngicn!

8

Cfxkuqt! qh! W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqteg.

9

ogpv! gpvkvngf! Ecug.d{.Ecug! Tgxkgy! qh! Kpeqokpi!

;

cpf! Egtvckp! Rgpfkpi! Ecugu! )Pqxgodgt! 28-! 3122*/!

21

)7*! Vjg! tgeqoogpfcvkqpu! kpenwfgf! kp! vjg! tgrqtv!

22

htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!W/U/! Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Ewuvqou!

23

Gphqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! KEG! Tgurqpug! vq! vjg! Vcum!

24

Hqteg! qp! Ugewtg! Eqoowpkvkgu! Hkpfkpiu! cpf! Tge.

25

qoogpfcvkqpu! )Crtkn! 38-! 3123*/!

26

)8*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

27

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugew.

28

vqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Kpfkxkfwcnu! Yjq!

29

Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejknftgp! )Lwpg! 26-!

2;

3123*/!

31

)9*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

32

W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvk.

33

vngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqtegogpv<! Iwkfcpeg! qp!

34

vjg! Wug! qh! Fgvckpgtu! kp! vjg! Hgfgtcn-! Uvcvg-! Nqecn-!

35

cpf! Vtkdcn! Etkokpcn! Lwuvkeg! U{uvgou! )Fgegodgt!

36

32-!3123*/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1275 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11121 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 411 of 443

22!

2

);*! Vjg! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! Kookitcvkqp! Ugtx.

3

kegu! rqnke{! ogoqtcpfwo! gpvkvngf! Cflwfkecvkqp! qh!

4

Cflwuvogpv! qh! Uvcvwu! Crrnkecvkqpu! hqt! Kpfkxkfwcnu!

5

Cfokvvgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Wpfgt! vjg! Xkuc! Yckx.

6

gt! Rtqitco! )Pqxgodgt! 25-! 3124*/!

7

)21*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

8

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Uqwvjgtp! Dqtfgt! cpf!

9

Crrtqcejgu! Ecorckip! )Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

;

)22*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

21

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! hqt! vjg! Crrtg.

22

jgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh! Wpfqewogpvgf!

23

Kookitcpvu! )Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

24

)23*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

25

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Ugewtg! Eqoowpkvkgu!

26

)Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

27

)24*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

28

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugew.

29

vqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Kpfkxkfwcnu! Yjq!

2;

Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejknftgp! cpf! ykvj! Tg.

31

urgev! vq! Egtvckp! Kpfkxkfwcnu! Yjq! Ctg! vjg! Rctgpvu! qh!

32

W/U/! Ekvk|gpu! qt! Rgtocpgpv! Tgukfgpvu! )Pqxgodgt!

33

31-!3125*/!

34

)25*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

35

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzrcpukqp! qh! vjg! Rtq.

36

xkukqpcn! Yckxgt! Rtqitco! )Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125*/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1276 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11122 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 412 of 443

23!

2

)26*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

3

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! Uwrrqtvkpi!

4

W/U/! Jkij.Umknngf! Dwukpguugu! cpf! Yqtmgtu! )Pq.

5

xgodgt!31-!3125*/!

6

)27*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

7

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Hcoknkgu! qh! W/U/!

8

Ctogf! Hqtegu! Ogodgtu! cpf! Gpnkuvggu! )Pqxgodgt!

9

31-!3125*/!

;

)28*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

21

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Fktgevkxg! vq! Rtqxkfg!

22

Eqpukuvgpe{! Tgictfkpi! Cfxcpeg! Rctqng! )Pqxgodgt!

23

31-!3125*/!

24

)29*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

25

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! vq! Rtqoqvg!

26

cpf! Kpetgcug! Ceeguu! vq! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr! )Pqxgodgt!

27

31-!3125*/!

28

)2;*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! gpvk.

29

vngf! Oqfgtpk|kpi! cpf! Uvtgconkpkpi! vjg! W/U/! Kook.

2;

itcpv! Xkuc! U{uvgo! hqt! vjg! 32uv! Egpvwt{! )Pqxgodgt!

31

32-!3125*/!

32

)31*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! gpvk.

33

vngf! Etgcvkpi! Ygneqokpi! Eqoowpkvkgu! cpf! Hwnn{!

34

Kpvgitcvkpi! Kookitcpvu! cpf! Tghwiggu! )Pqxgodgt!

35

32-!3125*/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1277 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11123 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 413 of 443

24! 2 UGE/! 313/! RTQJKDKVKQP! QP! JKTKPI! D[! W/U/! EKVK\GPUJKR!

3

CPF!KOOKITCVKQP!UGTXKEGU/!

4

Vjg!jgcf!qh!W/U/!Ekvk|gpujkr! cpf!Kookitcvkqp!Ugtx.

5 kegu!oc{!pqv!crrqkpv!cp!kpfkxkfwcn!vq!cp{!rqukvkqp!kp!W/U/!

6 Ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! Kookitcvkqp! Ugtxkegu! wpvkn! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!

7 vjcv! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! tguekpfu! gcej! ogoqtcpfwo! fguetkdgf!

8 kp!rctcitcrju!)21*!vjtqwij!)31*!qh!ugevkqp!312/!

9 VKVNG!KKKWPCEEQORCPKGF!

;

CNKGP!EJKNFTGP!

21 UGE/!412/!TGRCVTKCVKQP!QH!WPCEEQORCPKGF!CNKGP!EJKN.

22

FTGP/!

23

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 346! qh! vjg! Yknnkco! Ykn.

24 dgthqteg! Vtchhkemkpi! Xkevkou! Rtqvgevkqp! Tgcwvjqtk|cvkqp!

25 Cev!qh!3119!)9!W/U/E/!2343*!ku!cogpfgf•!

26

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*•!

27

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*•!

28

)k*! d{! cogpfkpi! vjg! jgcfkpi! vq! tgcf!

29

cu! hqnnqyu<! T

!

2;

/=!

31

)kk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*=!

32

)K*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug!

33

)k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! yjq! ku! c! pcvkqpcn! qt!

34

jcdkvwcn! tgukfgpv! qh! c! eqwpvt{! vjcv! ku!

35

eqpvkiwqwu! ykvj! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

36

)KK*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

37

cpf! cv! vjg! gpf=!

•U! 23;! KU
1278 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11124 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 414 of 443

25!

2

)KKK*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! =!

3

cpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! rgtkqf=! cpf!

4

)KX*! d{! uvtkmkpi! encwug! )kkk*=!

5

)kkk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*•!

6

)K*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug!

7

)k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! )9! W/U/E/! 2212! gv!

8

ugs/*! oc{! cpf! kpugtvkpi! )9!

9

W/U/E/! 2212! gv! ugs/*=!

;

)KK*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! dg.

21

hqtg! rgtokv! uwej! ejknf! vq! ykvjftcy!

22

vjg! hqnnqykpi<! oc{=! cpf!

23

)KKK*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

24

dghqtg! tgvwtp! uwej! ejknf! vjg! hqn.

25

nqykpi<! ujcnn=! cpf!

26

)kx*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*•!

27

)K*! d{! cogpfkpi! vjg! jgcfkpi! vq!

28

tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<! C

!

29

/=! cpf!

2;

)KK*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi!

31

encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

32

qh! Uvcvg! ujcnn! pgiqvkcvg! citggogpvu!

33

dgvyggp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! eqwp.

34

vtkgu! eqpvkiwqwu! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

35

cpf! kpugtvkpi! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg!

36

oc{! pgiqvkcvg! citggogpvu! dgvyggp! vjg!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1279 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11125 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 415 of 443

26!

2

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! cp{! hqtgkip! eqwpvt{!

3

vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{! fgvgtokpgu! crrtq.

4

rtkcvg=! cpf!

5

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )6*)F*•!

6

)k*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug! )k*-!

7

d{! uvtkmkpi! -! gzegrv! hqt! cp! wpceeqorcpkgf!

8

cnkgp! ejknf! htqo! c! eqpvkiwqwu! eqwpvt{! uwd.

9

lgev! vq! vjg! gzegrvkqpu! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp!

;

)c*)3*-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjq! fqgu! pqv! oggv!

21

vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*=!

22

cpf!

23

)kk*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! dghqtg!

24

vjg! ugokeqnqp! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! -!

25

yjkej! ujcnn! kpenwfg! c! jgctkpi! dghqtg! cp! ko.

26

okitcvkqp! lwfig! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 25! fc{u!

27

chvgt! dgkpi! uetggpgf! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )5*=!

28

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*•!

29

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*•!

2;

)k*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! uwdrctc.

31

itcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! 59! jqwtu! cpf! kp.

32

ugtvkpi! 8! fc{u=!

33

)kk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

34

dghqtg! vjg! ugokeqnqp! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! dg.

35

nkgxgf! pqv! vq! oggv! vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwd.

36

ugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*=! cpf!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1280 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11126 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 416 of 443

27!

2

)kkk*!kp! uwdrctcitcrj!)D*-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

3

dghqtg! vjg! rgtkqf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! cpf! fqgu!

4

pqv! oggv! vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwdugevkqp!

5

)c*)3*)C*=!cpf!

6

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! wp.

7

ceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! kp! ewuvqf{! ujcnn! cpf!

8

cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! cp!

9

wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! kp! ewuvqf{•!

;

)C*! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c! ejknf! yjq! fqgu! pqv!

21

oggv! vjg! etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*-!

22

ujcnn! vtcpuhgt! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! uwej! ejknf! vq! vjg!

23

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! pqv!

24

ncvgt! vjcp! 41! fc{u! chvgt! fgvgtokpkpi! vjcv! uwej!

25

ejknf! ku! cp! wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! yjq! fqgu!

26

pqv! oggv! uwej! etkvgtkc=! qt!

27

)D*! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! ejknf! yjq! oggvu! vjg!

28

etkvgtkc! nkuvgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*-! oc{!

29

vtcpuhgt! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! uwej! ejknf! vq! vjg! Uge.

2;

tgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! chvgt! fg.

31

vgtokpkpi! vjcv! uwej! ejknf! ku! cp! wpceeqorcpkgf!

32

cnkgp! ejknf! yjq! oggvu! uwej! etkvgtkc/=!

33

)4*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

34

)6*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

35

qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! ujcnn! ujctg! ykvj! vjg!

36

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cp{! kphqtocvkqp! tg.

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1281 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11127 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 417 of 443

28!

2

swguvgf! qp! c! ejknf! yjq! jcu! dggp! fgvgtokpgf! vq! dg!

3

cp! wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf! cpf! yjq! ku! qt! jcu!

4

dggp! kp! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf!

5

Jwocp! Ugtxkegu-! kpenwfkpi! vjg! nqecvkqp! qh! vjg! ejknf!

6

cpf! cp{! rgtuqp! vq! yjqo! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! ejknf! jcu!

7

dggp! vtcpuhgttgf-! hqt! cp{! ngikvkocvg! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

8

qdlgevkxg-! kpenwfkpi! gphqtegogpv! qh! vjg! kookitcvkqp!

9

ncyu/=! cpf!

;

)5*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*•!

21

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! cv! vjg!

22

gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

23

)F*! K

!

24

/•!

25

)k*! K

!

26

/•Dghqtg! rncekpi!

27

c! ejknf! ykvj! cp! kpfkxkfwcn-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

28

Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! ujcnn! rtqxkfg!

29

vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! tg.

2;

ictfkpi! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj!yjqo! vjg! ejknf!

31

yknn!dg!rncegf-!vjg!hqnnqykpi!kphqtocvkqp<!

32

)K*! Vjg! pcog! qh! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn/!

33

)KK*! Vjg! uqekcn! ugewtkv{! pwodgt!

34

qh! vjg! kpfkxkfwcn/!

35

)KKK*! Vjg! fcvg! qh! dktvj! qh! vjg! kp.

36

fkxkfwcn/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1282 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11128 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 418 of 443

29!

2

)KX*! Vjg! nqecvkqp! qh! vjg! kpfkxkf.

3

wcnu! tgukfgpeg! yjgtg! vjg! ejknf! yknn! dg!

4

rncegf/!

5

)X*! Vjg! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu! qh!

6

vjg!kpfkxkfwcn-!kh!mpqyp/!

7

)XK*! Eqpvcev! kphqtocvkqp! hqt!

8

vjg!kpfkxkfwcn/!

9

)kk*! U

/•Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c!

;

ejknf! yjq! ycu! crrtgjgpfgf! qp! qt! chvgt!

21

Lwpg! 26-! 3123-! cpf! dghqtg! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

22

gpcevogpv! qh! vjg! Tgrgcn! Gzgewvkxg! Co.

23

pguv{! Cev! qh! 3126-! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

24

Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! rncegf! ykvj!

25

cp! kpfkxkfwcn-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqxkfg!

26

vjg! kphqtocvkqp! nkuvgf! kp! encwug! )k*! vq! vjg!

27

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! pqv! ncvgt!

28

vjcp! ;1! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

29

ogpv! qh! vjg! Tgrgcn! Gzgewvkxg! Copguv{! Cev!

2;

qh! 3126/!

31

)kkk*! C

!

32

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

33

41! fc{u! chvgt! tgegkxkpi! vjg! kphqtocvkqp!

34

nkuvgf! kp! encwug! )k*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

35

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn•!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1283 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11129 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 419 of 443

2;!

2

)K*! kp! vjg! ecug! vjcv! vjg! kook.

3

itcvkqp! uvcvwu! qh! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj!

4

yjqo! c! ejknf! ku! rncegf! ku! wpmpqyp-!

5

kpxguvkicvg! vjg! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu! qh!

6

vjcv!kpfkxkfwcn=!cpf!

7

)KK*! wrqp! fgvgtokpkpi! vjcv! cp!

8

kpfkxkfwcn! ykvj!yjqo!c! ejknf!ku! rncegf!

9

ku! wpncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

;

Uvcvgu-! kpkvkcvg! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu!

21

rwtuwcpv! vq! ejcrvgt! 5! qh! vkvng! KK! qh! vjg!

22

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

23

W/U/E/! 2332! gv! ugs/*/=! cpf!

24

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )6*•!

25

)k*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vq! vjg! itgcvguv!

26

gzvgpv! rtcevkecdng! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! )cv! pq!

27

gzrgpug! vq! vjg! Iqxgtpogpv*=! cpf!

28

)kk*! d{! uvtkmkpi! jcxg! eqwpugn! vq! tgr.

29

tgugpv!vjgo!cpf! kpugtvkpi!jcxg!ceeguu!vq!

2;

eqwpugn! vq! tgrtgugpv! vjgo/!

31

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

32 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!wpcwvjqtk|gf!cnkgp!ejknf!cr.

33 rtgjgpfgf!qp!qt!chvgt!Lwpg!26-!3123/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1284 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1112; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 420 of 443

31! 2 UGE/! 413/! URGEKCN! KOOKITCPV! LWXGPKNG! UVCVWU! HQT! KO.

3

OKITCPVU! WPCDNG! VQ! TGWPKVG! YKVJ! GK.

4

VJGT!RCTGPV/!

5

Ugevkqp! 212)c*)38*)L*)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

6 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)38*)L*)k**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

7 uvtkmkpi! 2! qt! dqvj! qh! vjg! kookitcpvu! rctgpvu! cpf! kp.

8 ugtvkpi!gkvjgt!qh!vjg!kookitcpvu!rctgpvu/!

9 UGE/! 414/! OQFKHKECVKQPU! VQ! RTGHGTGPVKCN! CXCKN.

;

CDKNKV[! HQT! CU[NWO! HQT! WPCEEQORCPKGF!

21

CNKGP!OKPQTU/!

22

Ugevkqp! 319! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

23 )9!W/U/E/!2269*!ku!cogpfgf•!

24

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)G*=! cpf!

25

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqp! )d*)4*)E*/!

26 UGE/!415/!WPCEEQORCPKGF!CNKGP!EJKNF!FGHKPGF/!

27

Ugevkqp! 573)i*)3*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh!

28 3113!)7!W/U/E/!38;)i*)3**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

29

)3*! Vjg! vgto! wpceeqorcpkgf! cnkgp! ejknf!

2;

)C*! ogcpu! cp! cnkgp! yjq!

31

)k*! jcu! pq! ncyhwn! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu!

32

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

33

)kk*! jcu! pqv! cvvckpgf! 29! {gctu! qh! cig=!

34

cpf!

35

)kkk*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjqo!

36

)K*! vjgtg! ku! pq! rctgpv! qt! ngicn!

37

iwctfkcp! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

•U! 23;! KU
1285 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11131 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 421 of 443

32!

2

)KK*! pq! rctgpv! qt! ngicn! iwctfkcp!

3

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ku! cxckncdng! vq!

4

rtqxkfg! ectg! cpf! rj{ukecn! ewuvqf{=! qt!

5

)KKK*! pq! ukdnkpi! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh!

6

cig-! cwpv-! wpeng-! itcpfrctgpv-! qt!

7

eqwukp! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh! cig! ku! cxckn.

8

cdng! vq! rtqxkfg! ectg! cpf! rj{ukecn! ewu.

9

vqf{=! gzegrv! vjcv!

;

)D*! uwej! vgto! ujcnn! egcug! vq! kpenwfg! cp!

21

cnkgp! kh! cv! cp{! vkog! c! rctgpv-! ngicn! iwctfkcp-!

22

ukdnkpi! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh! cig-! cwpv-! wpeng-! itcpf.

23

rctgpv-! qt! eqwukp! qxgt! 29! {gctu! qh! cig! qh! vjg!

24

cnkgp!ku!hqwpf!kp! vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!cpf!ku!cxckn.

25

cdng! vq! rtqxkfg! ectg! cpf! rj{ukecn! ewuvqf{! )cpf!

26

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg!

27

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jgcnvj! cpf! Jwocp! Ugtxkegu! ujcnn!

28

tgxqmg! ceeqtfkpin{! cp{! rtkqt! fgukipcvkqp! qh! vjg!

29

cnkgp!wpfgt!vjku!rctcitcrj*//!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1286 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11132 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 422 of 443

33!

2 VKVNG! KXGNKIKDKNKV[! ETK.

3 VGTKC! HQT! CNKGPU! VQ! TG.

4 EGKXG!EGTVCKP!DGPGHKVU!

5 UGE/! 512/! CNKGPU! YKVJQWV! NCYHWN! UVCVWU! KPGNKIKDNG!

6

VQ! TGEGKXG! UQEKCN! UGEWTKV[! CPF! OGFK.

7

ECTG!DGPGHKVU/!

8

Ugevkqp! 512)d*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

9 Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/!

; 2722)d**!ku!cogpfgf•!

21

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

22

hqnnqykpi<! Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! rctcitcrj-! vjg! vgto!

23

cnkgp! yjq! ku! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

24

ogcpu! cp! cnkgp! yjq! jcu! dggp! cfokvvgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf!

25

Uvcvgu-! cpf! yjqug! rgtkqf! qh! ncyhwn! cfokuukqp! jcu! pqv!

26

gzrktgf-! cpf! fqgu! pqv! kpenwfg! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ku! rtgugpv!

27

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! rwtuwcpv! vq! c! itcpv! qh! rctqng!

28

wpfgt!ugevkqp!323)f*)6*! qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

29

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)f*)6**/=! cpf!

2;

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

31

hqnnqykpi<! Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh! vjku! rctcitcrj-! vjg! vgto!

32

cnkgp! yjq! ku! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

33

jcu! vjg! ogcpkpi! ikxgp! uwej! vgto! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*//!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1287 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11133 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 423 of 443

34! 2 UGE/! 513/! CRRN[KPI! EKVK\GPUJKR! CPF! KOOKITCVKQP! UVC.

3

VWU! GNKIKDKNKV[! ETKVGTKC! HQT! HGFGTCN!

4

RTQITCOU! VQ! CHHQTFCDNG! ECTG! CEV! DGP.

5

GHKVU/!

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CEC!D

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/•Ugevkqp! 2212)f*)2*! qh! vjg!

;

Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53!

21

W/U/E/! 29112)f*)2**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! ku!

22

ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! vjtqwij! uge.

23

vkqp! 2522*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! qt! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

24

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{!

25

cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

26

W/U/E/! 2752**-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj!

27

ugevkqp! 2522/!

28

)3*! G

.

29

/•Ugevkqp! 2423)h*)4*! qh! uwej! Cev! )53!

2;

W/U/E/! 29143)h*)4**! ku! cogpfgf•!

31

)C*! kp! vjg! rctcitcrj! jgcfkpi-! d{! kpugtvkpi!

32



! chvgt! 

=!cpf!

33

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv!

34

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cp! cnkgp!

35

yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

36

542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1288 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11134 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 424 of 443

35!

2

Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

3

W/U/E/! 2752**/!

4

)4*! U

..

5

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6

Ugevkqp! 2442)g*)2*)D*! qh! uwej! Cev! )53! W/U/E/!

7

29162)g*)2*)D**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! ncyhwnn{!

8

rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku!

9

c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg!

;

Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

21

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

22

)5*! V

.

23

!

24

/•Ugevkqp! 47D! qh! vjg! Kpvgtpcn! Tgxgpwg! qh!

25

2;97! ku! cogpfgf•!

26

)C*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*)2*)D*•!

27

)k*! kp! vjg! jgcfkpi-! d{! uvtkmkpi!  .

28

!

29

! cpf! kpugtvkpi!  .

2;

=!cpf!

31

)kk*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cnkgp!

32

ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf!

33

kpugtvkpi! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp!

34

)cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn!

35

Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1289 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11135 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 425 of 443

36!

2

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**=!

3

cpf!

4

)D*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )g*)3*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! ncy.

5

hwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtv.

6

kpi! yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

7

vkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

8

Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7!

9

)9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

;

)6*! T

.

.

21

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22

Ugevkqp! 2513)g*)3*! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Ch.

23

hqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29182)g*)3**! ku!

24

cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

25

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

26

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{!

27

cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

28

W/U/E/! 2752**/!

29

)7*! G

/•Ugevkqp!

2;

2522! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg!

31

Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29192*! ku! cogpfgf•!

32

)C*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)2*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp!

33

cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf!

34

kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

35

vkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1290 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11136 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 426 of 443

37!

2

Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7!

3

)9! W/U/E/! 2752**=! cpf!

4

)D*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*)3*)D*•!

5

)k*! kp! encwug! )k*)K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp!

6

cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

7

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

8

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tg.

9

urqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

;

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**=!

21

cpf!

22

)kk*! kp! encwug! )kk*)KK*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp!

23

cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

24

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu!

25

fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tg.

26

urqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tge.

27

qpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

28

)8*! C

!

29

.

.

2;

/•Ugevkqp! 2523)f*! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvge.

31

vkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29193)f**!

32

ku! cogpfgf•!

33

)C*! kp! vjg! jgcfkpi-! d{! uvtkmkpi! N .

34

R

! cpf! kpugtvkpi! E

-!

35

P

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C =!cpf!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1291 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11137 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 427 of 443

38!

2

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! pqv! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg!

3

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! pqv! ekvk|gpu! qt!

4

pcvkqpcnu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qt! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg!

5

swcnkhkgf! cnkgpu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg!

6

Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{!

7

Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

8

)9*! O

.

9

/•Ugevkqp! 6111C)f*)4*! qh! vjg! Kpvgtpcn! Tgx.

;

gpwg! Eqfg! qh! 2;97! ku! cogpfgf•!

21

)C*! kp! vjg! jgcfkpi-! d{! uvtkmkpi! 

!

22

! cpf! kpugtvkpi! 

-!

.

23

-!

=! cpf!

24

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! rtgugpv!

25

kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! swcnkhkgf!

26

cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn!

27

Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknk.

28

cvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

29

);*! O

/•Ugevkqp!

2;

2;14)x*)2*! qh! vjg! Uqekcn! Ugewtkv{! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

31

uvtkmkpi! yjq! ku! pqv! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv!

32

tgukfgpeg! qt! qvjgtykug! rgtocpgpvn{! tgukfkpi! kp! vjg!

33

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! wpfgt! eqnqt! qh! ncy! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

34

yjq! ku! pqv! c! swcnkhkgf! cnkgp! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

35

542! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqt.

36

vwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2752**/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1292 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11138 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 428 of 443

39!

2

)d*! E

VE

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H

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4 512)e*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm! Qrrqt.

5 vwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2722)e**! ku!

6 cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi! pgy! rctc.

7 itcrj<!

8

)4*! Kp! crrn{kpi! rctcitcrj! )2*-! vjg! hqnnqykpi!

9

cuukuvcpeg! cpf! dgpghkvu! ctg! vtgcvgf! cu! jgcnvj! dgpghkvu!

;

fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)D*<!

21

)C*! Gptqnnogpv! wpfgt! vjg! vgorqtct{! jkij!

22

tkum! jgcnvj! kpuwtcpeg! rqqn! rtqitco! wpfgt! uge.

23

vkqp! 2212! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtf.

24

cdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29112*/!

25

)D*! Rctvkekrcvkqp! kp! cp! Gzejcpig! guvcd.

26

nkujgf! wpfgt! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp!

27

cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev/!

28

)E*! Rctvkekrcvkqp! kp! vjg! jgcnvj! rtqitco!

29

guvcdnkujgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 2442)c*! qh! vjg! Rc.

2;

vkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53!

31

W/U/E/! 29162*/!

32

)F*! Cnnqycpeg! qh! c! vcz! etgfkv! wpfgt! uge.

33

vkqp! 47D! qh! vjg! Kpvgtpcn! Tgxgpwg! Eqfg! qh! 2;97/!

34

)G*! Tgfwevkqp! qh! equv.ujctkpi! wpfgt!

35

swcnkhkgf! jgcnvj! rncpu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 2513! qh! vjg!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1293 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11139 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 429 of 443

3;!

2

Rcvkgpv!Rtqvgevkqp!cpf! Chhqtfcdng! Ectg!Cev!)53!

3

W/U/E/! 29182*/!

4

)H*! Rtqxkukqp! qh! cfxcpeg! rc{ogpvu! wpfgt!

5

ugevkqp! 2523! qh! vjg! Rcvkgpv! Rtqvgevkqp! cpf! Ch.

6

hqtfcdng! Ectg! Cev! )53! W/U/E/! 29193*//!

7

)e*! E

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9 /•Ugevkqp! 514)e*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

; Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/!

21 2724)e**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi!

22 pgy!rctcitcrj<!

23

)4*! Kp! crrn{kpi! vjku! ugevkqp-! cuukuvcpeg! cpf!

24

dgpghkvu! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 512)e*)4*! ctg! vtgcvgf! cu!

25

Hgfgtcn! ogcpu.vguvgf! rwdnke! dgpghkvu! vq! yjkej! uwd.

26

ugevkqp! )c*! crrnkgu//!

27

)f*!G

F /•!

28

)2*! K

/•Uwdlgev! vq! rctcitcrj! )3*-!

29

vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! crrn{! vq!

2;

eqxgtcig! oqpvju! dgikppkpi! oqtg! vjcp! 231! fc{u!

31

chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev/!

32

)3*! V

/•!

33

Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! kpfkxkfwcn! yjq! ku! dgkpi! rtqxkfgf!

34

cuukuvcpeg! qt! dgpghkvu! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*! qh!

35

ugevkqp! 512)e*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

36

Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1294 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1113; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 430 of 443

41!

2

W/U/E/! 2722)e**-! cu! cffgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )d*-! cu! qh!

3

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! cogpf.

4

ogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp! )qvjgt! vjcp! vjg! cogpf.

5

ogpvu! ocfg! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*)9**! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{!

6

ykvj! tgurgev! vq! uwej! cuukuvcpeg! qt! dgpghkvu! rtqxkfgf!

7

vq! uwej! kpfkxkfwcn! hqt! eqxgtcig! oqpvju! dghqtg! Lcpw.

8

ct{! qh! vjg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

9

Cev/!

; UGE/! 514/! CNKGPU! RCTQNGF! KPVQ! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU! KP.

21

GNKIKDNG!HQT!HGFGTCN!RWDNKE!DGPGHKVU/!

22

Ugevkqp! 542)d*! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf!

23 Yqtm! Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/!

24 2752)d**!ku!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkmkpi!rctcitcrj!)5*/!

25 VKVNG! XUVCVG! CPF! NQECN! GP.

26 HQTEGOGPV! QH! VJG! KOOK.

27 ITCVKQP!NCYU!

28 UGE/!612/!FGHKPKVKQPU/!

29

Kp!vjku!vkvng<!

2;

)2*! U

/Vjg! vgto! Ugetgvct{! ogcpu!

31

vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

32

)3*! U /Vjg! vgto! Uvcvg! jcu! vjg! ogcp.

33

kpi! ikxgp! vq! uwej! vgto! kp! ugevkqp! 212)c*)47*! qh! vjg!

34

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

35

2212)c*)47**/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1295 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11141 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 431 of 443

42! 2 UGE/! 613/! KOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! D[! UVCVGU!

3

CPF!NQECNKVKGU/!

4

Ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkv.

5 kecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! kpxguvkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! cr.

6 rtgjgpf-! cttguv-! fgvckp-! qt! vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{!

7 cnkgpu! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu!

8 qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vq! vjg! ucog! gzvgpv! cu! Hgfgtcn! ncy!

9 gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn/! Ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c!

; Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! cnuq!

21 kpxguvkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! crrtgjgpf-! cttguv-! qt! fgvckp! cnkgpu!

22 hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! c!

23 Uvcvg! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! Uvcvg/! Ncy! gphqteg.

24 ogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

25 c! Uvcvg-! oc{! pqv! tgoqxg! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

26 UGE/!614/!KOOWPKV[/!

27

Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!c!ncy!gp.

28 hqtegogpv!qhhkegt!qh!c!Uvcvg!qt!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigp.

29 e{! yjq! ku! cevkpi! ykvjkp! vjg! ueqrg! qh! vjg! qhhkegtu! qhhkekcn!

2; fwvkgu! ujcnn! dg! koowpg-! vq! vjg! ucog! gzvgpv! cu! c! Hgfgtcn!

31 ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegt-!htqo!rgtuqpcn!nkcdknkv{!ctkukpi!qwv!

32 qh! vjg!rgthqtocpeg! qh! cp{! fwv{! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! vkvng-! kp.

33 enwfkpi!vjg!cwvjqtkvkgu!vq!kpxguvkicvg-!kfgpvkh{-!crrtgjgpf-!

34 cttguv-!fgvckp-!qt!vtcpuhgt!vq!Hgfgtcn!ewuvqf{-!cp!cnkgp!hqt!

35 vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg!

36 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!)cu!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)28*!qh!vjg!Ko.

37 okitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c*)28***!qt!

•U! 23;! KU
1296 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11142 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 432 of 443

43!

2 vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! c! Uvcvg! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

3 qh!c!Uvcvg/!

4 UGE/! 615/! HGFGTCN! EWUVQF[! QH! KPCFOKUUKDNG! CPF! FG.

5

RQTVCDNG! CNKGPU! KP! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU!

6

CRRTGJGPFGF! D[! UVCVG! QT! NQECN! NCY! GP.

7

HQTEGOGPV/!

8

)c*! K I

/•Vkvng! KK! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

9 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2262! gv! ugs/*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

; kpugtvkpi!chvgt!ugevkqp!351E!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

21 UGE/! 351F/! EWUVQF[! QH! KPCFOKUUKDNG!CPF!FGRQTVCDNG!

22

CNKGPU!RTGUGPV!KP!VJG!WPKVGF!UVCVGU/!

23

)c*! V

E

U

N!

24 Q

/•Kh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

25 Uvcvg-! gzgtekukpi! cwvjqtkv{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! crrtgjgp.

26 ukqp! qt! cttguv! qh! cp! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgp! uwd.

27 okvu!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!c!tgswguv!vjcv!

28 vjg! cnkgp! dg! vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!

29 cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! tgiwncvkqp-! qt! rqnke{! vjg! Uge.

2; tgvct{•!

31

)2*! ujcnn! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{! pqv! ncvgt!

32

vjcp! 59! jqwtu! chvgt! vjg! tgswguv! jcu! dggp! kuuwgf! hqn.

33

nqykpi! vjg! eqpenwukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ejctikpi!

34

rtqeguu! qt! fkuokuucn! rtqeguu-! qt! kh! pq! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn!

35

ejctikpi! qt! fkuokuucn! rtqeguu! ku! tgswktgf-! vjg! Uge.

36

tgvct{! ujcnn! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt! cpf! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1297 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11143 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 433 of 443

44!

2

ewuvqf{! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 59! jqwtu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! cr.

3

rtgjgpfgf-! kp! qtfgt! vq! fgvgtokpg! yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp!

4

ujqwnf! dg! fgvckpgf-! rncegf! kp! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu-!

5

tgngcugf-! qt! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

6

)3*! ujcnn! tgswguv! vjcv! vjg! tgngxcpv! Uvcvg! qt!

7

nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpe{! vgorqtctkn{! jqnf! vjg!

8

cnkgp! kp! vjgkt! ewuvqf{! qt! vtcpurqtv! vjg! cnkgp! hqt!

9

vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{/!

;

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F

H

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21

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H

/•Kp!

22 ectt{kpi! qwv! ugevkqp! 352)i*)2*-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt!

23 Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!cp!cnkgp!

24 cttguvgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!ujcnn! dg!jgnf!kp!ewuvqf{-!rgpfkpi!

25 vjg! cnkgpu! gzcokpcvkqp! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! kp! c! Hgfgtcn-!

26 eqpvtcev-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp-! lckn-! fgvgpvkqp! egpvgt-! qt!

27 qvjgt!eqorctcdng!hceknkv{/!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtq.

28 xkukqp!qh!ncy-!tgiwncvkqp!qt!rqnke{-!uwej!hceknkv{!ku!cfgswcvg!

29 hqt!fgvgpvkqp-!kh•!

2;

)2*! uwej! c! hceknkv{! ku! vjg! oquv! uwkvcdn{! nqecvgf!

31

Hgfgtcn-! eqpvtcev-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! hceknkv{! cxckncdng! hqt!

32

uwej! rwtrqug! wpfgt! vjg! ektewouvcpegu=!

33

)3*! cp! crrtqrtkcvg! cttcpigogpv! hqt! uwej! wug!

34

qh! vjg! hceknkv{! ecp! dg! ocfg=! cpf!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1298 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11144 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 434 of 443

45!

2

)4*! vjg! hceknkv{! ucvkuhkgu! vjg! uvcpfctfu! hqt! vjg!

3

jqwukpi-! ectg-! cpf! ugewtkv{! qh! rgtuqpu! jgnf! kp! ewu.

4

vqf{! d{! c! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Octujcn/!

5

)e*! T

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

6 Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!tgkodwtug!c!Uvcvg-!qt!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!

7 qh! c! Uvcvg-! hqt! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! gzrgpugu-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{!

8 vjg! Ugetgvct{-! kpewttgf! d{! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

9 ukqp-! cu! c! tguwnv! qh! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! cpf! vtcpurqtvcvkqp!

; qh!cp!cnkgp!yjq!ku!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng!cu!fguetkdgf!

21 kp! uwdugevkqpu! )c*! cpf! )d*/! Eqorgpucvkqp! rtqxkfgf! hqt!

22 equvu!kpewttgf!wpfgt!uwej!uwdugevkqpu!ujcnn!dg!vjg!cxgtcig!

23 equv! qh! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! c! rtkuqpgt! kp! vjg! tgngxcpv! Uvcvg-!

24 cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! ejkgh! gzgewvkxg! qhhkegt! qh! c! Uvcvg-!

25 qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! rnwu! vjg! equv! qh!

26 vtcpurqtvkpi! vjg! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! rqkpv! qh! crrtgjgpukqp! vq!

27 vjg! rnceg! qh! fgvgpvkqp-! cpf! vq! vjg! ewuvqf{! vtcpuhgt! rqkpv!

28 kh!vjg!rnceg!qh!fgvgpvkqp!cpf!rnceg!qh!ewuvqf{!ctg!fkhhgtgpv/!

29

)f*! U

H

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

2; ncpf!Ugewtkv{! ujcnn!gpuwtg! vjcv! cnkgpu! kpectegtcvgf! rwtuw.

31 cpv!vq!vjku!vkvng!ctg!jgnf!kp!hceknkvkgu!vjcv!rtqxkfg!cp!crrtq.

32 rtkcvg!ngxgn!qh!ugewtkv{/!

33

)g*!V

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34

)2*! K

/•Kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjku! uge.

35

vkqp-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! gu.

36

vcdnkuj! c! tgiwnct! ektewkv! cpf! uejgfwng! hqt! vjg! rtqorv!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1299 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11145 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 435 of 443

46!

2

vtcpuhgt! qh! crrtgjgpfgf! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh!

3

Uvcvgu-! cpf! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! vq! Hgf.

4

gtcn! ewuvqf{/!

5

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6

kpvq! eqpvtcevu-! kpenwfkpi! crrtqrtkcvg! rtkxcvg! eqp.

7

vtcevu-! vq! korngogpv! vjku! uwdugevkqp//!

8

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9 qh!uwej!Cev!ku!cogpfgf!d{!kpugtvkpi!chvgt!vjg!kvgo!tgncvkpi!

; vq!ugevkqp!351E!vjg!hqnnqykpi!pgy!kvgo<!

Uge/ 351F/ Ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! rtgugpv! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu//!

21 UGE/! 616/! UVCVG! ETKOKPCN! CNKGP! CUUKUVCPEG! RTQITCO!

22

)UECCR*/!

23

Uwdrctcitcrj! )C*! qh! ugevkqp! 352)k*)4*! qh! vjg! Kook.

24 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k*)4**! ku!

25 cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! ejctigf! ykvj! qt! dghqtg! eqp.

26 xkevgf/!

27 UGE/! 617/! NKOKVCVKQP! QP! UVCVG! TGEGKRV! QH! HGFGTCN!

28

HWPFKPI/!

29

)c*!K I

/•C! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

2; c!Uvcvg!vjcv!jcu!kp!rnceg!c!ncy!qt!rqnke{!fguetkdgf!kp!uwd.

31 ugevkqp!)d*!oc{!pqv!tgegkxg•!

32

)2*! itcpvu! ocfg! wpfgt! uwdrctv! 2! qh! rctv! G! qh!

33

vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg!

34

Uvtggvu! Cev! qh! 2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 4861! gv! ugs/*=!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1300 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11146 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 436 of 443

47!

2

)3*! itcpvu! ocfg! wpfgt! rctv! S! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg!

3

Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh!

4

2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 48;7ff! gv! ugs/*=! qt!

5

)4*! eqorgpucvkqp! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg!

6

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**/!

7

)d*! N

R

F

/•C! ncy! qt! rqnke{!

8 ku!fguetkdgf!kp!vjku!uwdugevkqp!kh!vjg!ncy!qt!rqnke{•!

9

)2*! ku! kp! eqpvtcxgpvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 753)c*! qh! vjg!

;

Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tghqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqp.

21

ukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2484)c**=!

22

)3*! rtqjkdkvu! qt! tguvtkevu! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhk.

23

egtu! qh! vjcv! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! htqo! eqn.

24

ngevkpi! kphqtocvkqp! tgncvkpi! vq! cp! kpfkxkfwcnu! kook.

25

itcvkqp! uvcvwu=! qt!

26

)4*! rtqjkdkvu! qt! tguvtkevu! eqornkcpeg! ykvj-! qt!

27

vjg! jqpqtkpi! qh! fgvckpgtu! kuuwgf! d{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

28

Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv/!

29 UGE/!618/!KEG!FGVCKPGTU/!

2;

Ugevkqp! 398)f*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

31 Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2468)f**! ku! cogpfgf! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtg.

32 egfkpi! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! ncy! tgncvkpi! vq! eqp.

33 vtqnngf!uwduvcpegu-!cpf!kpugtvkpi!ncy-/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1301 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11147 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 437 of 443

48! 2 UGE/! 619/! RTGUGTXCVKQP! QH! VJG! UGEWTG! EQOOWPKVKGU!

3

RTQITCO! CPF! TGOQXCN! QH! FGRQTVCDNG!

4

CNKGPU! KFGPVKHKGF! WPFGT! VJG! KPVGTQRGT.

5

CDNG! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! CPF! KPVGN.

6

NKIGPEG!GNGEVTQPKE!FCVC!U[UVGO/!

7

Ugevkqp! 313! qh! vjg! Gpjcpegf! Dqtfgt! Ugewtkv{! cpf!

8 Xkuc!Gpvt{!Tghqto!Cev!qh!3113!)9!W/U/E/!2833*!ku!cogpf.

9 gf•!

;

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf!

21

vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Eqornkcpeg! ykvj! vjg! tgswktgogpvu! qh!

22

vjku! rctcitcrj! ujcnn! kpenwfg-! cv! c! okpkowo-! vjg! qr.

23

gtcvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugewtg! Eqoowpkvkgu! rtqitco-! cu! kp!

24

ghhgev! qp! Pqxgodgt! 2;-! 3125/=! cpf!

25

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

26

)e*! T

C /•Wrqp! tgegkxkpi! pqvkeg!

27 wpfgt! vjg! kpvgtqrgtcdng! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cpf! kpvgnnkigpeg!

28 gngevtqpke! fcvc! u{uvgo! guvcdnkujgf! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*!

29 vjcv!c!fgrqtvcdng!cnkgp!ku!kp!vjg!ewuvqf{!qh!Hgfgtcn-!Uvcvg-!

2; qt!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

31 tkv{!ujcnn-!hqnnqykpi!vjg!eqpenwukqp!qh!vjg!ejctikpi!rtqeguu-!

32 fkuokuucn! rtqeguu-! qt! eqorngvkqp! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! ugpvgpeg-!

33 cu! crrtqrtkcvg-! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt-! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewu.

34 vqf{-! cpf! kpkvkcvg! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 349!

35 qt!351!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!

36 2339-!233;c*-!cu!crrtqrtkcvg//!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1302 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11148 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 438 of 443

49!

2 VKVNG!XKCU[NWO!TGHQTO!CPF!

3

DQTFGT!RTQVGEVKQP!

4 UGE/! 712/! ENCTKHKECVKQP! QH! KPVGPV! TGICTFKPI! VCZ.

5

RC[GT.RTQXKFGF!EQWPUGN/!

6

Ugevkqp! 3;3! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

7 )9!W/U/E/!2473*!ku!cogpfgf•!

8

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! )c*! K I

/! dghqtg!

9

Kp! cp{! tgoqxcn=!

;

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! )cv! pq! gzrgpug! vq! vjg! Iqxgtp.

21

ogpv*=! cpf!

22

)4*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

23

)d*!P G

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/•Pqvykvj.

24 uvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! kp! pq! kpuvcpeg! ujcnn!

25 vjg!Iqxgtpogpv!dgct!cp{!gzrgpug!hqt!eqwpugn!hqt!cp{!rgt.

26 uqp! kp! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! qt! kp! cp{! crrgcn! rtqeggfkpiu!

27 dghqtg! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! htqo! cp{! uwej! tgoqxcn! rtq.

28 eggfkpiu//!

29 UGE/!713/!ETGFKDNG!HGCT!KPVGTXKGYU/!

2;

Ugevkqp! 346)d*)2*)D*)x*!qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!cpf! Pc.

31 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2336)d*)2*)D*)x**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

32 uvtkmkpi! 319/! cpf! kpugtvkpi! 319-! cpf! kv! ku! oqtg! rtqd.

33 cdng! vjcp! pqv! vjcv! vjg! uvcvgogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjg! cnkgp! kp!

34 uwrrqtv!qh!vjg!cnkgpu!encko!ctg!vtwg//!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1303 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11149 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 439 of 443

4;! 2 UGE/! 714/! TGEQTFKPI! GZRGFKVGF! TGOQXCN! CPF! ETGF.

3

KDNG!HGCT!KPVGTXKGYU/!

4

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

5 tkv{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! swcnkv{!cuuwtcpeg! rtqegfwtgu! cpf! vcmg!

6 uvgru! vq! ghhgevkxgn{! gpuwtg! vjcv! swguvkqpu! d{! gornq{ggu! qh!

7 vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gzgtekukpi! gzrg.

8 fkvgf!tgoqxcn!cwvjqtkv{!wpfgt!ugevkqp!346)d*!qh!vjg!Kook.

9 itcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2336)d**!ctg!cumgf!

; kp! c! wpkhqto! ocppgt-! cpf! vjcv! dqvj! vjgug! swguvkqpu! cpf!

21 vjg!cpuygtu!rtqxkfgf! kp! tgurqpug!vq!vjgo!ctg!tgeqtfgf!kp!

22 c!wpkhqto!hcujkqp/!

23

)d*! H

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24 Yjgtg!rtcevkecdng-!cp{!uyqtp!qt!ukipgf!ytkvvgp!uvcvgogpv!

25 vcmgp! qh! cp! cnkgp! cu! rctv! qh! vjg! tgeqtf! qh! c! rtqeggfkpi!

26 wpfgt! ugevkqp! 346)d*)2*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

27 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2336)d*)2*)C**! ujcnn! dg! ceeqo.

28 rcpkgf!d{!c!tgeqtfkpi!qh!vjg!kpvgtxkgy!yjkej!ugtxgf!cu!vjg!

29 dcuku!hqt!vjcv!uyqtp!uvcvgogpv/!

2;

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/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!

31 c! eqorgvgpv! kpvgtrtgvgt-! pqv! chhknkcvgf! ykvj! vjg! iqxgtp.

32 ogpv! qh! vjg! eqwpvt{! htqo! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! oc{! encko! cu{.

33 nwo-! ku! wugf! yjgp! vjg! kpvgtxkgykpi! qhhkegt! fqgu! pqv! urgcm!

34 c! ncpiwcig! wpfgtuvqqf! d{! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! vjgtg! ku! pq! qvjgt!

35 Hgfgtcn-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! iqxgtpogpv! gornq{gg! cxckncdng!

36 yjq!ku!cdng!vq!kpvgtrtgv!ghhgevkxgn{-!ceewtcvgn{-!cpf!korct.

37 vkcnn{/!

•U! 23;! KU
1304 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1114; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 440 of 443

51!

2

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3 Tgeqtfkpiu!qh!kpvgtxkgyu!qh!cnkgpu!uwdlgev!vq!gzrgfkvgf!tg.

4 oqxcn! ujcnn! dg! kpenwfgf! kp! vjg! tgeqtf! qh! rtqeggfkpi! cpf!

5 ujcnn!dg!eqpukfgtgf!cu!gxkfgpeg!kp!cp{!hwtvjgt!rtqeggfkpiu!

6 kpxqnxkpi!vjg!cnkgp/!

7

)g*!P R

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C /•Pqvjkpi!kp!vjku!

8 ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! etgcvg! cp{! tkijv-! dgpghkv-!

9 vtwuv-!qt!tgurqpukdknkv{-!yjgvjgt!uwduvcpvkxg!qt!rtqegfwtcn-!

; gphqtegcdng!kp!ncy!qt!gswkv{!d{!c!rctv{!cickpuv!vjg!Wpkvgf!

21 Uvcvgu-! kvu! fgrctvogpvu-! cigpekgu-! kpuvtwogpvcnkvkgu-! gpvk.

22 vkgu-!qhhkegtu-!gornq{ggu-!qt!cigpvu-!qt!cp{!rgtuqp-!pqt!fqgu!

23 vjku! ugevkqp! etgcvg! cp{! tkijv! qh! tgxkgy! kp! cp{! cfokpkuvtc.

24 vkxg-!lwfkekcn-!qt!qvjgt!rtqeggfkpi/!

25 UGE/!715/!UCHG!VJKTF!EQWPVT[/!

26

Ugevkqp!319)c*)3*)C*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqp.

27 cnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2269)c*)3*)C**!ku!cogpfgf•!

28

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! cpf! kpugtv.

29

kpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=! cpf!

2;

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! tgoqxgf-! rwtuwcpv! vq! c! dkncv.

31

gtcn! qt! ownvkncvgtcn! citggogpv-! vq! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

32

tgoqxgf! vq/!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1305 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11151 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 441 of 443

52!

2 VKVNG!XKKOKUEGNNCPGQWU!

3 UGE/! 812/! UWURGPUKQP! QH! GHHGEVKXGPGUU! QH! EGTVCKP!

4

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6

R

/•Ugevkqp! 323)c*);*)D*)x*! qh! vjg! Kook.

7 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*);*)D*)x**!

8 ku! uwurgpfgf! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh!

9 vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! gpfkpi! qp! Lcpwct{! 31-!

; 3128/!

21

)d*! F

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22 U /•Pq!hqtgkip!uvcvg!oc{!dg!fgukipcvgf!qt!tgfguki.

23 pcvgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 355)d*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

24 vkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2365c)d**!fwtkpi!vjg!rgtkqf!dgikp.

25 pkpi!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!gpfkpi!

26 qp! Lcpwct{! 31-! 3128/! Vjg! rtgegfkpi! ugpvgpeg! ujcnn! pqv!

27 dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! chhgev! cp{! gzvgpukqp! qh! c! fgukipcvkqp!

28 wpfgt!rctcitcrj!)4*)E*!qh!uwej!ugevkqp-!kh!vjg!fgukipcvkqp!

29 ycu! ocfg! rtkqt! vq! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev/!

2; UGE/!813/!VGORQTCT[!RTQVGEVGF!UVCVWU!TGHQTO/!

31

Ugevkqp! 355! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

32 )9!W/U/E/!2365c*!ku!cogpfgf•!

33

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*•!

34

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdrctc.

35

itcrju! )D*! cpf! )E*! cpf! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdrctc.

36

itcrj! )F*! cu! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*=! cpf!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1306 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11152 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 442 of 443

53!

2

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )6*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vq! fgp{!

3

vgorqtct{! rtqvgevgf! uvcvwu! vq! cp! cnkgp! dcugf! qp!

4

vjg! cnkgpu! kookitcvkqp! uvcvwu! qt=!

5

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*•!

6

)C*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*•!

7

)k*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! -!

8

cpf! cp{! gzvgpfgf! rgtkqf! qh! fgukipcvkqp-=!

9

)kk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*-! d{! uvtkmkpi!

;

qt-! kh! ncvgt-! vjg! gzrktcvkqp! qh! vjg! oquv! tg.

21

egpv! rtgxkqwu! gzvgpukqp! wpfgt! uwdrctc.

22

itcrj! )E*=! cpf!

23

)kkk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*-! d{! uvtkmkpi!

24

ku! gzvgpfgf! hqt! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu-! cpf!

25

kpugtvkpi! oc{! dg! gzvgpfgf! hqt! qpg! cffk.

26

vkqpcn! rgtkqf! qh! wr! vq! 29! oqpvju-! kp! vjg!

27

fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn/=! cpf!

28

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )6*)D*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg!

29

ugeqpf!ugpvgpeg=!

2;

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*)2*)C*•!

31

)C*! kp! encwug! )kkk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf! cv! vjg!

32

gpf=!

33

)D*! kp! encwug! )kx*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv!

34

vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! cpf=! cpf!

35

)E*! d{! cffkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kx*! vjg! hqn.

36

nqykpi<!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1307 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11153 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-9 Filed 09/28/17 Page 443 of 443

54!

2

)x*! vjg! cnkgp! jcf! ncyhwn! kookitcvkqp!

3

uvcvwu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! qp! vjg! ghhgevkxg!

4

fcvg! qh! vjg! oquv! tgegpv!fgukipcvkqp! qh! vjcv!

5

uvcvg/=!cpf!

6

)5*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )i*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cnkgpu! yjq!

7

ctg! qt! oc{! dgeqog! qvjgtykug! fgrqtvcdng! qt! jcxg!

8

dggp! rctqngf! kpvq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

9

cnkgpu! yjq! oc{! dgeqog! qvjgtykug! fgrqtvcdng/!

È!

cucdcnkcwumcu!qp!FUM6XRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 23;! KU
1308 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 33<43!Lcp!27-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11154 Hov!7763 Uhov!7412 G<^DKNNU^U23;/KU U23;

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 1 of 185
EXHIBIT E-4

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 2 of 185
KK!
225 EQPITGUU!
2 U ! U/!2751!
Vq! cogpf! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! vq! kortqxg! kookitcvkqp! ncy! gphqtegogpv! ykvjkp! vjg! kpvgtkqt! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! cpf! hqt! qvjgt! rwtrqugu/!

KP! VJG! UGPCVG! QH! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU!

L 33-!3126!

Ot/! U

)hqt! jkougnh-! Ot/! E

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K

*! kpvtqfwegf! vjg! hqnnqykpi! dknn=! yjkej! ycu! tgcf! vykeg! cpf! tghgttgf!

vq!vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!

Vq! cogpf! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! vq! kortqxg! kookitcvkqp! ncy! gphqtegogpv! ykvjkp! vjg! kpvgtkqt! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! cpf! hqt! qvjgt! rwtrqugu/!

2

Dg! kv! gpcevgf! d{! vjg! Ugpcvg! cpf! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvc.

3 vkxgu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!qh!Cogtkec!kp!Eqpitguu!cuugodngf-!

4 UGEVKQP!2/!UJQTV!VKVNG/!

5

Vjku!Cev!oc{!dg!ekvgf!cu!vjg!Okejcgn!Fcxku-!Lt/!cpf!

6 Fcpp{! Qnkxgt! kp! Jqpqt! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! Nqecn! Ncy! Gphqteg.

7 ogpv!Cev/!

8 UGE/!3/!VCDNG!QH!EQPVGPVU/!

9

Vjg!vcdng!qh!eqpvgpvu!hqt!vjku!Cev!ku!cu!hqnnqyu<!

Uge/ 2/ Ujqtv!vkvng/!

1309 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11112 Hov!7763 Uhov!7322 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 3 of 185
3!
Uge/ 3/ Vcdng!qh!eqpvgpvu/!
VKVNG! K•KOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! D[! UVCVGU! CPF! NQECNKVKGU!
Uge/ 212/ Fghkpkvkqpu!cpf!ugxgtcdknkv{/! Uge/ 213/ Kookitcvkqp!ncy!gphqtegogpv!d{!Uvcvgu!cpf!nqecnkvkgu/! Uge/ 214/ Nkuvkpi! qh! kookitcvkqp! xkqncvqtu! kp! vjg! pcvkqpcn! etkog! kphqtocvkqp!
egpvgt! fcvcdcug/! Uge/ 215/ Vgejpqnqi{!ceeguu/! Uge/ 216/ Uvcvg!cpf!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!rtqxkukqp!qh!kphqtocvkqp!cdqwv!crrtg.
jgpfgf! cnkgpu/! Uge/ 217/ Hkpcpekcn! cuukuvcpeg! vq! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! rqnkeg! cigpekgu! vjcv! cuukuv! kp!
vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/! Uge/ 218/ Kpetgcugf!Hgfgtcn!fgvgpvkqp!urceg/! Uge/ 219/ Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!
Uvcvgu! crrtgjgpfgf! d{! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/! Uge/ 21;/ Vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg!
gphqtegogpv! qh! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/! Uge/ 221/ Koowpkv{/! Uge/ 222/ Etkokpcn!cnkgp!kfgpvkhkecvkqp!rtqitco/! Uge/ 223/ Enctkhkecvkqp!qh!eqpitguukqpcn!kpvgpv/! Uge/ 224/ Uvcvg!etkokpcn!cnkgp!cuukuvcpeg!rtqitco!)UECCR*/! Uge/ 225/ Uvcvg!xkqncvkqpu!qh!gphqtegogpv!qh!kookitcvkqp!ncyu/! Uge/ 226/ Enctkh{kpi!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!qh!KEG!fgvckpgtu/!
VKVNG! KK•PCVKQPCN! UGEWTKV[!
Uge/ 312/ Tgoqxcn!qh-!cpf!fgpkcn!qh!dgpghkvu!vq-!vgttqtkuv!cnkgpu/! Uge/ 313/ Vgttqtkuv!dct!vq!iqqf!oqtcn!ejctcevgt/! Uge/ 314/ Vgttqtkuv!dct!vq!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp/! Uge/ 315/ Fgpcvwtcnk|cvkqp!hqt!vgttqtkuvu/! Uge/ 316/ Wug! qh! 2;97! KTEC! ngicnk|cvkqp! kphqtocvkqp! hqt! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{! rwt.
rqugu/! Uge/ 317/ Dcemitqwpf!cpf!ugewtkv{!ejgemu/! Uge/ 318/ Vgejpkecn! cogpfogpvu! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tghqto! cpf! Vgt.
tqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh! 3115/!
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qvjgt! ugtkqwu! qhhgpugu/! Uge/ 414/ Gurkqpcig!enctkhkecvkqp/! Uge/ 415/ Rtqjkdkvkqp! qh! vjg! ucng! qh! hktgctou! vq-! qt! vjg! rquuguukqp! qh! hktgctou!
d{-! egtvckp! cnkgpu/! Uge/ 416/ Wpkhqto!uvcvwvg!qh!nkokvcvkqpu!hqt!egtvckp!kookitcvkqp-!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-!
cpf! rgqpcig! qhhgpugu/! Uge/ 417/ Eqphqtokpi!cogpfogpv!vq!vjg!fghkpkvkqp!qh!tcemgvggtkpi!cevkxkv{/! Uge/ 418/ Eqphqtokpi!cogpfogpvu!hqt!vjg!ciitcxcvgf!hgnqp{!fghkpkvkqp/! Uge/ 419/ Rtgenwfkpi! tghwigg! qt! cu{ngg! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! hqt! ciitcxcvgf! hgn.
qpu/! Uge/ 41;/ Rtgenwfkpi!ykvjjqnfkpi!qh!tgoqxcn!hqt!ciitcxcvgf!hgnqpu/! Uge/ 421/ Kpcfokuukdknkv{!cpf!fgrqtvcdknkv{!qh!ftwpm!ftkxgtu/! Uge/ 422/ Fgvgpvkqp!qh!fcpigtqwu!cnkgpu/! Uge/ 423/ Itqwpfu! qh! kpcfokuukdknkv{! cpf! fgrqtvcdknkv{! hqt! cnkgp! icpi! ogodgtu/!
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UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 4 of 185
4!
Uge/ 424/ Gzvgpukqp!qh!kfgpvkv{!vjghv!qhhgpugu/! Uge/ 425/ Ncwpfgtkpi!qh!oqpgvct{!kpuvtwogpvu/! Uge/ 426/ Rgpcnvkgu!hqt!knngicn!gpvt{!qt!rtgugpeg/! Uge/ 427/ Knngicn!tggpvt{/! Uge/ 428/ Tghqto!qh!rcuurqtv-!xkuc-!cpf!kookitcvkqp!htcwf!qhhgpugu/! Uge/ 429/ Hqthgkvwtg/! Uge/ 42;/ Gzrgfkvgf! tgoqxcn! hqt! cnkgpu! kpcfokuukdng! qp! etkokpcn! qt! ugewtkv{!
itqwpfu/! Uge/ 431/ Kpetgcugf! rgpcnvkgu! dcttkpi! vjg! cfokuukqp! qh! eqpxkevgf! ugz! qhhgpfgtu!
hcknkpi! vq! tgikuvgt! cpf! tgswktkpi! fgrqtvcvkqp! qh! ugz! qhhgpfgtu! hcknkpi! vq! tgikuvgt/! Uge/ 432/ Rtqvgevkpi!kookitcpvu!htqo!eqpxkevgf!ugz!qhhgpfgtu/! Uge/ 433/ Rgpcnvkgu!hqt!hcknwtg!vq!qdg{!tgoqxcn!qtfgtu/! Uge/ 434/ Rctfqpu/! Uge/ 435/ Eqpxkevkqpu/!
VKVNG! KX•XKUC! UGEWTKV[!
Uge/ 512/ Ecpegnncvkqp!qh!cffkvkqpcn!xkucu/! Uge/ 513/ Xkuc!kphqtocvkqp!ujctkpi/! Uge/ 514/ Tguvtkevkpi!yckxgt!qh!xkuc!kpvgtxkgyu/! Uge/ 515/ Pqp.kpvgtxkgy!qh!egtvckp!kpgnkikdng!xkuc!crrnkecpvu/! Uge/ 516/ Xkuc!tghwucn!cpf!tgxqecvkqp/! Uge/ 517/ Hwpfkpi!hqt!vjg!xkuc!ugewtkv{!rtqitco/! Uge/ 518/ Gzrgfkvkqwu!gzrcpukqp!qh!xkuc!ugewtkv{!rtqitco!vq!jkij.tkum!rquvu/! Uge/ 519/ Gzrgfkvgf! engctcpeg! cpf! rncegogpv! qh! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.
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UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 5 of 185

5!
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2 VKVNG! KKOOKITCVKQP! NCY! GP.

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25 ewouvcpeg-!ku!jgnf!kpxcnkf-!vjg!tgockpfgt!qh!vjku!vkvng-!cpf!

26 vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qh!uwej!rtqxkukqp!vq!qvjgt!rgtuqpu!pqv!ukok.

27 nctn{! ukvwcvgf! qt! vq! qvjgt! ektewouvcpegu-! ujcnn! pqv! dg! ch.

28 hgevgf!d{!uwej!kpxcnkfcvkqp/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 6 of 185

6!

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3 oc{!gpcev-!korngogpv!cpf!gphqteg!etkokpcn!rgpcnvkgu!vjcv!

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6 212)c*)28*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

7 W/U/E/!2212)c*)28***-!cu!nqpi!cu!vjg!etkokpcn!rgpcnvkgu!fq!

8 pqv!gzeggf!vjg!tgngxcpv!Hgfgtcn!etkokpcn!rgpcnvkgu!)ykvjqwv!

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; vkqp!qt!rctfqp*/!Uvcvgu-!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!

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22 pcnk|g!vjg!ucog!eqpfwev!vjcv!ku!rtqjkdkvgf!kp!vjg!ekxkn!rtq.

23 xkukqpu! qh! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uwej! ugevkqp!

24 212)c*)28**-! cu! nqpi! cu! vjg! ekxkn! rgpcnvkgu! fq! pqv! gzeggf!

25 vjg!tgngxcpv!Hgfgtcn!ekxkn!rgpcnvkgu/!

26

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28 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2435c)j*)3**-!ncy!gphqtegogpv!rgtuqppgn!qh!

29 c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!oc{!kpxgu.

2; vkicvg-! kfgpvkh{-! crrtgjgpf-! cttguv-! fgvckp-! qt! vtcpuhgt! vq!

31 Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! cnkgpu! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg!

32 kookitcvkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!vq!vjg!ucog!gzvgpv!

33 cu! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn/! Ncy! gphqtegogpv!

34 rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

35 Uvcvg-!oc{!cnuq!kpxguvkicvg-!kfgpvkh{-!crrtgjgpf-!cttguv-!qt!

36 fgvckp!cnkgpu!hqt!vjg!rwtrqugu!qh!gphqtekpi!vjg!kookitcvkqp!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 7 of 185

7!

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3 nqpi!cu!vjqug!kookitcvkqp!ncyu!ctg!rgtokuukdng!wpfgt!vjku!

4 ugevkqp/!Ncy!gphqtegogpv!rgtuqppgn!qh!c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rq.

5 nkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! oc{! pqv! cfokv! cnkgpu! vq! qt!

6 tgoqxg!vjgo!htqo!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

7 UGE/!214/!NKUVKPI!QH!KOOKITCVKQP!XKQNCVQTU!KP!VJG!PC.

8

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22 qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!rgtkqfkecnn{!vjgtgchvgt!cu!wrfcvgu!oc{!tg.

23 swktg-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Kp.

24 hqtocvkqp! Egpvgt! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg! ykvj! cnn!

25 kphqtocvkqp!vjcv!vjg!Ugetgvct{!oc{!rquuguu!tgictfkpi!cp{!

26 cnkgp! cickpuv! yjqo! c! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! jcu! dggp!

27 kuuwgf-!cp{!cnkgp!yjq! jcu!gpvgtgf!kpvq!c! xqnwpvct{! fgrct.

28 vwtg! citggogpv-! cp{! cnkgp! yjq! jcu! qxgtuvc{gf! vjgkt! cw.

29 vjqtk|gf!rgtkqf!qh!uvc{-!cpf!cp{!cnkgp!yjqug!xkuc!jcu!dggp!

2; tgxqmgf/! Vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Kphqtocvkqp! Egpvgt! ujcnn!

31 gpvgt!uwej!kphqtocvkqp!kpvq!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!Xkqncvqtu!Hkng!

32 qh! vjg! Pcvkqpcn! Etkog! Kphqtocvkqp! Egpvgt! fcvcdcug-! tg.

33 ictfnguu!qh!yjgvjgt•!

34

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35

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 8 of 185

8!

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27

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 9 of 185

9! 2 UGE/!215/!VGEJPQNQI[!CEEGUU/!

3

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4 pqnqi{! fktgevgf! dtqcfn{! cv! kfgpvkh{kpi! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fg.

5 rqtvcdng!cnkgpu/!

6 UGE/! 216/! UVCVG! CPF! NQECN! NCY! GPHQTEGOGPV! RTQXK.

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22 cpf! ugevkqp! 545! qh! vjg! Rgtuqpcn! Tgurqpukdknkv{! cpf! Yqtm!

23 Qrrqtvwpkv{! Tgeqpeknkcvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2755*-!

24 gcej!Uvcvg-!cpf!gcej!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!ujcnn!

25 rtqxkfg! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! c! vkogn{!

26 ocppgt! ykvj! vjg! kphqtocvkqp! urgekhkgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*!

27 ykvj!tgurgev!vq! gcej!cnkgp!crrtgjgpfgf!kp!vjg!lwtkufkevkqp!

28 qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! kp! vjg! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-!

29 yjq!ku!dgnkgxgf!vq!dg!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng/!

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34

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 10 of 185

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29 tgvct{!ujcnn!ockpvckp!cpf!cppwcnn{!uwdokv!vq!vjg!Eqpitguu!

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31 ukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!vjcv!jcxg!rtqxkfgf!kphqtocvkqp!wpfgt!uwd.

32 ugevkqp!)c*!kp!vjg!rtgegfkpi!{gct/!

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34 dwtug! Uvcvgu-! cpf! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! c! Uvcvg-! hqt! cnn!

35 tgcuqpcdng!equvu-!cu!fgvgtokpgf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{-!kpewttgf!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 11 of 185

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2 d{! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! vjg! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! cu!

3 c!tguwnv!qh!rtqxkfkpi!kphqtocvkqp!wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!)c*/!

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5 swktg!ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkekcnu!qh!c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkvkecn!

6 uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!vq!rtqxkfg!vjg!Ugetgvct{!ykvj!kphqt.

7 ocvkqp!tgncvgf!vq!c!xkevko!qh!c!etkog!qt!ykvpguu!vq!c!etkok.

8 pcn!qhhgpug/!

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21 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnkgpu!

22 crrtgjgpfgf!qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

23 UGE/! 217/! HKPCPEKCN! CUUKUVCPEG! VQ! UVCVG! CPF! NQECN!

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29 tgvct{!ujcnn!ocmg!itcpvu!vq!Uvcvgu-!cpf!vq!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxk.

2; ukqpu!qh!Uvcvgu-!hqt!rtqewtgogpv!qh!gswkrogpv-!vgejpqnqi{-!

31 hceknkvkgu-! cpf! qvjgt! rtqfwevu! vjcv! hceknkvcvg! cpf! ctg! fk.

32 tgevn{! tgncvgf! vq! kpxguvkicvkpi-! crrtgjgpfkpi-! cttguvkpi-!

33 fgvckpkpi-! qt! vtcpurqtvkpi! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! kpcfokuukdng! qt!

34 fgrqtvcdng-! kpenwfkpi! cffkvkqpcn! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! equvu! kp.

35 ewttgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 12 of 185

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3 wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! c! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

4 c!Uvcvg-!owuv!jcxg!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!vq-!cpf!ujcnn!jcxg!c!ytkv.

5 vgp! rqnke{! cpf! c! rtcevkeg! vq-! cuukuv! kp! vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh!

6 vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! kp! vjg! eqwtug!

7 qh!ectt{kpi!qwv!vjg!tqwvkpg!ncy!gphqtegogpv!fwvkgu!qh!uwej!

8 Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg/! Gpvkvkgu! eqxgtgf!

9 wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp!oc{!pqv!jcxg!cp{!rqnke{!qt!rtcevkeg!vjcv!

; rtgxgpvu!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!htqo!kpswktkpi!cdqwv!c!uwu.

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24 qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! cwfkv! qh! hwpfu! fku.

25 vtkdwvgf!vq!Uvcvgu-!cpf!vq!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!c!Uvcvg-!

26 wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!)c*/!

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35

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 13 of 185

23!

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8 rgpf!cpf!kpugtvkpi!ujcnn!gzrgpf/!

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33 crrtgjgpukqp! qt! cttguv! qh! cp! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng!

34 cnkgp!uwdokvu!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!c!tg.

35 swguv! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! dg! vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! pqv.

36 ykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!tgiwncvkqp-!qt!rqn.

37 ke{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn•!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 14 of 185

24!

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26 Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!cp!cnkgp!

27 cttguvgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!ujcnn! dg!jgnf!kp!ewuvqf{-!rgpfkpi!

28 vjg! cnkgpu! gzcokpcvkqp! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp-! kp! c! Hgfgtcn-!

29 eqpvtcev-! Uvcvg-! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp-! lckn-! fgvgpvkqp! egpvgt-! qt!

2; qvjgt!eqorctcdng!hceknkv{/!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtq.

31 xkukqp!qh!ncy-!tgiwncvkqp!qt!rqnke{-!uwej!hceknkv{!ku!cfgswcvg!

32 hqt!fgvgpvkqp-!kh•!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 15 of 185

25!

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8 Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! tgkodwtug! c! Uvcvg-! cpf! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

9 ukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!hqt!cnn!tgcuqpcdng!gzrgpugu-!cu!fgvgtokpgf!

; d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! kpewttgf! d{! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwd.

21 fkxkukqp-! cu! c! tguwnv! qh! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! cpf! vtcpurqt.

22 vcvkqp!qh!cp!cnkgp!yjq!ku!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng!cu!fg.

23 uetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqpu!)c*!cpf!)d*/!Eqorgpucvkqp!rtqxkfgf!

24 hqt!equvu!kpewttgf!wpfgt!uwej!uwdugevkqpu!ujcnn!dg!vjg!cx.

25 gtcig! equv! qh! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! c! rtkuqpgt! kp! vjg! tgngxcpv!

26 Uvcvg-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! ejkgh! gzgewvkxg! qhhkegt! qh! c!

27 Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!qh!c!Uvcvg-!rnwu!vjg!equv!

28 qh! vtcpurqtvkpi! vjg! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! rqkpv! qh! crrtgjgpukqp!

29 vq!vjg!rnceg!qh!fgvgpvkqp-!cpf!vq!vjg!ewuvqf{!vtcpuhgt!rqkpv!

2; kh!vjg!rnceg!qh!fgvgpvkqp!cpf!rnceg!qh!ewuvqf{!ctg!fkhhgtgpv/!

31

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32 ncpf!Ugewtkv{! ujcnn!gpuwtg! vjcv! cnkgpu! kpectegtcvgf! rwtuw.

33 cpv!vq!vjku!vkvng!ctg!jgnf!kp!hceknkvkgu!vjcv!rtqxkfg!cp!crrtq.

34 rtkcvg!ngxgn!qh!ugewtkv{/!

35

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 16 of 185

26!

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23

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24

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25 fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!vjg!Eqorvtqnngt!Igpgtcn!

26 qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! cwfkv! qh! eqorgpuc.

27 vkqp!vq!Uvcvgu-!cpf!vq!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqpu!qh!c!Uvcvg-!hqt!

28 vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu!

29 wpfgt!ugevkqp!351F)c*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!

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32 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! cffgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*-!

33 ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!

34 gzegrv!vjcv!uwdugevkqp!)g*!qh!uwej!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 17 of 185

27!

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3 qh!vjku!Cev/!

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8R

I /•Pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!291!fc{u! chvgt!vjg!fcvg!

9 qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! guvcd.

; nkuj•!

21

)2*! c! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! hqt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

22

uqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

23

Uvcvg-! vq! vtckp! uwej! rgtuqppgn! kp! vjg! kpxguvkicvkqp-!

24

kfgpvkhkecvkqp-! crrtgjgpukqp-! cttguv-! fgvgpvkqp-! cpf!

25

vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fg.

26

rqtvcdng! cnkgpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg!

27

vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh! uwej! cnkgpu! cetquu! Uvcvg! nkpgu! vq!

28

fgvgpvkqp! egpvgtu! cpf! vjg! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! qh! htcwfwngpv!

29

fqewogpvu*=!cpf!

2;

)3*! cp! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! rqemgv! iwkfg!

31

hqt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rq.

32

nkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! vq! rtqxkfg! c! swkem! tgh.

33

gtgpeg! hqt! uwej! rgtuqppgn! kp! vjg! eqwtug! qh! fwv{/!

34

)d*! C

/•Vjg! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! cpf! rqemgv!

35 iwkfg! guvcdnkujgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1324 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11127 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 18 of 185

28!

2 dg! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! cnn! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

3 rgtuqppgn/!

4

)e*! C

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg!

5 eqpuvtwgf! vq! tgswktg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

6 uqppgn! vq! ectt{! vjg! vtckpkpi! ocpwcn! qt! rqemgv! iwkfg! ykvj!

7 vjgo!yjkng!qp!fwv{/!

8

)f*! E /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! dg! tgurqpukdng! hqt!

9 cp{!equvu!kpewttgf!kp!guvcdnkujkpi!vjg!vtckpkpi!ocpwcn!cpf!

; rqemgv!iwkfg/!

21

)g*!V

H

/•!

22

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! ocmg!

23

vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu!

24

cxckncdng! vjtqwij! cu! ocp{! ogcpu! cu! rquukdng-! kpenwf.

25

kpi! vjtqwij! tgukfgpvkcn! vtckpkpi! cv! vjg! Egpvgt! hqt!

26

Fqoguvke! Rtgrctgfpguu-! qpukvg! vtckpkpi! jgnf! cv! Uvcvg!

27

qt! nqecn! rqnkeg! cigpekgu! qt! hceknkvkgu-! qpnkpg! vtckpkpi!

28

eqwtugu! d{! eqorwvgt-! vgngeqphgtgpekpi-! cpf! xkfgq.

29

vcrg-! qt! vjg! fkikvcn! xkfgq! fkurnc{! )FXF*! qh! c! vtckp.

2;

kpi! eqwtug! qt! eqwtugu/! G.ngctpkpi! vjtqwij! c! ugewtg-!

31

gpet{rvgf! fkuvtkdwvgf! ngctpkpi! u{uvgo! vjcv! jcu! cnn! kvu!

32

ugtxgtu! dcugf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ku! uecncdng-! uwt.

33

xkxcdng-! cpf! ecp! jcxg! c! rqtvcn! kp! rnceg! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

34

41! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-!

35

ujcnn! dg! ocfg! cxckncdng! d{! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Ncy! Gphqteg.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1325 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11128 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 19 of 185

29!

2

ogpv! Vtckpkpi! Egpvgt! Fkuvtkdwvgf! Ngctpkpi! Rtq.

3

itco! hqt! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgtuqppgn/!

4

)3*! H

/•Vjg!

5

vtckpkpi! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

6

uqppgn! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! pqv! fkurnceg! vjg! vtckp.

7

kpi! qh! Hgfgtcn! rgtuqppgn/!

8

)4*! E

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! vkvng! qt!

9

cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! ujcnn! dg! eqpuvtwgf! cu!

;

ocmkpi! cp{! kookitcvkqp.tgncvgf! vtckpkpi! c! tgswktg.

21

ogpv! hqt-! qt! rtgtgswkukvg! vq-! cp{! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy!

22

gphqtegogpv! qhhkegt! vq! cuukuv! kp! vjg! gphqtegogpv! qh!

23

Hgfgtcn! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/!

24

)5*! R

/•Kp! ectt{kpi! qwv! vjku! uwdugevkqp-!

25

rtkqtkv{! hwpfkpi! ujcnn! dg! ikxgp! hqt! gzkuvkpi! ygd.dcugf!

26

kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! vtckpkpi! u{uvgou/!

27 UGE/!221/!KOOWPKV[/!

28

Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!c!ncy!gp.

29 hqtegogpv!qhhkegt!qh!c!Uvcvg!qt!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigp.

2; e{! yjq! ku! cevkpi! ykvjkp! vjg! ueqrg! qh! vjg! qhhkegtu! qhhkekcn!

31 fwvkgu! ujcnn! dg! koowpg-! vq! vjg! ucog! gzvgpv! cu! c! Hgfgtcn!

32 ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegt-!htqo!rgtuqpcn!nkcdknkv{!ctkukpi!qwv!

33 qh! vjg!rgthqtocpeg! qh! cp{! fwv{! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! vkvng-! kp.

34 enwfkpi!vjg!cwvjqtkvkgu!vq!kpxguvkicvg-!kfgpvkh{-!crrtgjgpf-!

35 cttguv-!fgvckp-!qt!vtcpuhgt!vq!Hgfgtcn!ewuvqf{-!cp!cnkgp!hqt!

36 vjg! rwtrqugu! qh! gphqtekpi! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! vjg!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1326 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11129 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 20 of 185

2;!

2 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!)cu!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)28*!qh!vjg!Ko.

3 okitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c*)28***!qt!

4 vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! qh! c! Uvcvg! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

5 qh!c!Uvcvg/!

6 UGE/!222/!ETKOKPCN!CNKGP!KFGPVKHKECVKQP!RTQITCO/!

7

)c*!E

G

/•!

8

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! eqpvkpwg!

9

vq! qrgtcvg! cpf! korngogpv! c! rtqitco! vjcv•!

;

)C*! kfgpvkhkgu! tgoqxcdng! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! kp!

21

Hgfgtcn! cpf! Uvcvg! eqttgevkqpcn! hceknkvkgu=!

22

)D*! gpuwtgu! uwej! cnkgpu! ctg! pqv! tgngcugf!

23

kpvq! vjg! eqoowpkv{=! cpf!

24

)E*! tgoqxgu! uwej! cnkgpu! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf!

25

Uvcvgu! chvgt! vjg! eqorngvkqp! qh! vjgkt! ugpvgpegu/!

26

)3*! G

/•Vjg! rtqitco! ujcnn! dg! gz.

27

vgpfgf! vq! cnn! Uvcvgu/! Cp{! Uvcvg! vjcv! tgegkxgu! Hgfgtcn!

28

hwpfu! hqt! vjg! kpectegtcvkqp! qh! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! )rwtuw.

29

cpv! vq! vjg! Uvcvg! Etkokpcn! Cnkgp! Cuukuvcpeg! Rtqitco!

2;

cwvjqtk|gf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

31

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! qvjgt!

32

ukoknct! rtqitco*! ujcnn•!

33

)C*! eqqrgtcvg! ykvj! qhhkekcnu! qh! vjg! rtqitco=!

34

)D*! gzrgfkvkqwun{! cpf! u{uvgocvkecnn{! kfgp.

35

vkh{! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! kp! kvu! rtkuqp! cpf! lckn! rqrw.

36

ncvkqpu=!cpf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1327 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1112; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 21 of 185

31!

2

)E*! rtqorvn{! eqpxg{! uwej! kphqtocvkqp! vq!

3

qhhkekcnu! qh! uwej! rtqitco! cu! c! eqpfkvkqp! qh! tg.

4

egkxkpi! uwej! hwpfu/!

5

)d*! C

F

C E.

6

U

NR

U

/•Ncy!

7 gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu!qh!c!Uvcvg-!qt!qh!c!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!

8 qh!c!Uvcvg-!ctg!cwvjqtk|gf!vq•!

9

)2*! jqnf! c! etkokpcn! cnkgp! hqt! c! rgtkqf! qh! wr! vq!

;

59! jqwtu! )gzenwfkpi! Ucvwtfc{u-! Uwpfc{u-! cpf! jqnk.

21

fc{u*! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! eqorngvgf! vjg! cnkgpu! ugp.

22

vgpeg! wpfgt! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! ncy! kp! qtfgt! vq! ghhgevwcvg!

23

vjg! vtcpuhgt! qh! vjg! cnkgp! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{! yjgp! vjg!

24

cnkgp! ku! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng=! qt!

25

)3*! kuuwg! c! fgvckpgt! vjcv! yqwnf! cnnqy! cnkgpu! yjq!

26

jcxg! ugtxgf! c! rtkuqp! ugpvgpeg! wpfgt! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn!

27

ncy! vq! dg! fgvckpgf! d{! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! rtkuqp! qt! lckn!

28

wpvkn! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ecp! vcmg! vjg! cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{/!

29

)e*!V

W /•Vgejpqnqi{-!uwej!cu!xkfgq!

2; eqphgtgpekpi-! ujcnn! dg! wugf! vq! vjg! oczkowo! gzvgpv! rtce.

31 vkecdng! kp! qtfgt! vq! ocmg! vjg! rtqitco! cxckncdng! kp! tgoqvg!

32 nqecvkqpu/!Oqdkng!ceeguu!vq!Hgfgtcn!fcvcdcugu!qh!cnkgpu!cpf!

33 nkxg!uecp!vgejpqnqi{!ujcnn!dg!wugf!vq!vjg!oczkowo!gzvgpv!

34 rtcevkecdng! kp! qtfgt! vq! ocmg! vjgug! tguqwtegu! cxckncdng! vq!

35 Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu! kp! tgoqvg! nqec.

36 vkqpu/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1328 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11131 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 22 of 185

32!

2

)f*!G

F /•Vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!

3 qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!gzegrv!vjcv!uwd.

4 ugevkqp!)c*)3*!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!ku!291!fc{u!

5 chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

6 UGE/!223/!ENCTKHKECVKQP!QH!EQPITGUUKQPCN!KPVGPV/!

7

Ugevkqp! 398)i*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

8 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2468)i**!ku!cogpfgf•!

9

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! gpvgt!

;

cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! vjtqwij! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf!

21

cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! ujcnn! gpvgt! kpvq! c! ytkv.

22

vgp! citggogpv! ykvj! c! Uvcvg-! qt! cp{! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

23

ukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! wrqp! tgswguv! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn!

24

uwdfkxkukqp-! rwtuwcpv! vq! yjkej! cp! qhhkegt! qt! go.

25

rnq{gg! qh! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! uwdfkxkukqp-! yjq! ku! fgvgtokpgf!

26

d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! dg! swcnkhkgf! vq! rgthqto! c! hwpe.

27

vkqp! qh! cp! kookitcvkqp! qhhkegt! kp! tgncvkqp! vq! vjg! kp.

28

xguvkicvkqp-! crrtgjgpukqp-! qt! fgvgpvkqp! qh! cnkgpu! kp!

29

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! qh!

2;

uwej! cnkgpu! cetquu! Uvcvg! nkpgu! vq! fgvgpvkqp! egpvgtu*-!

31

oc{! ectt{! qwv! uwej! hwpevkqp! cv! vjg! gzrgpug! qh! vjg!

32

Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! cpf! vq! gzvgpv! eqpukuvgpv!

33

ykvj! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! ncy/! Pq! tgswguv! htqo! c! dqpc!

34

hkfg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qt! dqpc! hkfg! ncy!

35

gphqtegogpv! cigpe{! ujcnn! dg! fgpkgf! cdugpv! c! eqorgn.

36

nkpi! tgcuqp/! Pq! nkokv! qp! vjg! pwodgt! qh! citggogpvu!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1329 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11132 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 23 of 185

33!

2

wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp! oc{! dg! korqugf/! Vjg! Uge.

3

tgvct{! ujcnn! rtqeguu! tgswguvu! hqt! uwej! citggogpvu!

4

ykvj! cnn! fwg! jcuvg-! cpf! kp! pq! ecug! ujcnn! vcmg! pqv!

5

oqtg! vjcp! ;1! fc{u! htqo! vjg! fcvg! vjg! tgswguv! ku!

6

ocfg! wpvkn! vjg! citggogpv! ku! eqpuwoocvgf/=!

7

)3*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! rctcitcrj! )3*! cu! rctc.

8

itcrj! )6*! cpf! rctcitcrju! )4*! vjtqwij! )21*! cu! rctc.

9

itcrju! )8*! vjtqwij! )25*-! tgurgevkxgn{=!

;

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

21

nqykpi<!

22

)3*!Cp!citggogpv!wpfgt!vjku!uwdugevkqp!ujcnn!ceeqo.

23 oqfcvg!c!tgswguvkpi!Uvcvg!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!ykvj!tg.

24 urgev!vq!vjg!gphqtegogpv!oqfgn!qt!eqodkpcvkqp!qh!oqfgnu-!

25 cpf! ujcnn! ceeqooqfcvg! c! rcvtqn! oqfgn-! vcum! hqteg! oqfgn-!

26 lckn! oqfgn-! cp{! eqodkpcvkqp! vjgtgqh-! qt! cp{! qvjgt! tgcuqp.

27 cdng!oqfgn!vjg!Uvcvg!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp!dgnkgxgu!ku!dguv!

28 uwkvgf! vq! vjg! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! pggfu! qh! kvu! lwtku.

29 fkevkqp/!

2;

)4*! Pq! Hgfgtcn! rtqitco! qt! vgejpqnqi{! fktgevgf!

31 dtqcfn{! cv! kfgpvkh{kpi! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng! cnkgpu!

32 ujcnn! uwduvkvwvg! hqt! uwej! citggogpvu-! kpenwfkpi! vjqug! gu.

33 vcdnkujkpi! c! lckn! oqfgn-! cpf! ujcnn! qrgtcvg! kp! cffkvkqp! vq!

34 cp{!citggogpv!wpfgt!vjku!uwdugevkqp/!

35

)5*)C*! Pq! citggogpv!wpfgt!vjku! uwdugevkqp! ujcnn!dg!

36 vgtokpcvgf!cdugpv!c!eqorgnnkpi!tgcuqp/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1330 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11133 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 24 of 185

34!

2

)D*)k*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkv.

3 kecn! uwdfkxkukqp! ytkvvgp! pqvkeg! qh! kpvgpv! vq! vgtokpcvg! cv!

4 ngcuv! 291!fc{u! rtkqt! vq!fcvg! qh! kpvgpfgf! vgtokpcvkqp-! cpf!

5 vjg!pqvkeg! ujcnn!hwnn{!gzrnckp!vjg!itqwpfu!hqt!vgtokpcvkqp-!

6 cnqpi! ykvj! rtqxkfkpi! gxkfgpeg! uwduvcpvkcvkpi! vjg! Uge.

7 tgvct{u!cnngicvkqpu/!

8

)kk*! Vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! ujcnn! jcxg! c!

9 ecwug! qh! cevkqp! cickpuv! vjg! Ugetgvct{! kp! c! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

; Fkuvtkev!Eqwtv!ykvjkp!vjg!Uvcvg!tgictfkpi!vjg!vgtokpcvkqp!

21 qh! vjg! citggogpv-! cpf! kh! vjg! twnkpi! ku! cickpuv! vjg! Uvcvg!

22 qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp-!vq!crrgcn!vjg!twnkpi!vq!vjg!Hgfgtcn!

23 Ektewkv! Eqwtv! qh! Crrgcnu! cpf-! kh! vjg! twnkpi! ku! cickpuv! vjg!

24 Uvcvg!qt!rqnkvkecn!uwdfkxkukqp-!vq!vjg!Uwrtgog!Eqwtv/!

25

)E*!Vjg!citggogpv!ujcnn!tgockp!kp!hwnn!ghhgev!fwtkpi!

26 vjg!eqwtug!qh!cp{!cpf!cnn!ngicn!rtqeggfkpiu/=!cpf!

27

)5*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )6*! )cu! tgfguki.

28

pcvgf*!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

29

)7*!Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!ocmg!

2; vtckpkpi!qh!Uvcvg!cpf!nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu!cxckn.

31 cdng! vjtqwij! cu! ocp{! ogcpu! cu! rquukdng-! kpenwfkpi!

32 vjtqwij! tgukfgpvkcn! vtckpkpi! cv! vjg! Egpvgt! hqt! Fqoguvke!

33 Rtgrctgfpguu!cpf!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Vtckpkpi!

34 Egpvgt-! qpukvg! vtckpkpi! jgnf! cv! Uvcvg! qt! nqecn! rqnkeg! cigp.

35 ekgu!qt!hceknkvkgu-!qpnkpg!vtckpkpi!eqwtugu!d{!eqorwvgt-!vgng.

36 eqphgtgpekpi-! cpf! xkfgqvcrg-! qt! vjg! fkikvcn! xkfgq! fkurnc{!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1331 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11134 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 25 of 185

35!

2 )FXF*! qh! c! vtckpkpi! eqwtug! qt! eqwtugu/! Fkuvcpeg! ngctpkpi!

3 vjtqwij! c! ugewtg-! gpet{rvgf! fkuvtkdwvgf! ngctpkpi! u{uvgo!

4 vjcv!jcu!cnn!kvu!ugtxgtu!dcugf!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!ku!uecn.

5 cdng-! uwtxkxcdng-! cpf! ecp! jcxg! c! rqtvcn! kp! rnceg! pqv! ncvgt!

6 vjcp!41!fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!qh! vjg! gpcevogpv!qh! vjku!Cev-!

7 ujcnn!dg!ocfg!cxckncdng!d{!vjg!EQRU!Qhhkeg!qh!vjg!Fgrctv.

8 ogpv!qh!Lwuvkeg!cpf!vjg!Hgfgtcn!Ncy!Gphqtegogpv!Vtckp.

9 kpi! Egpvgt! Fkuvtkdwvgf! Ngctpkpi! Rtqitco! hqt! Uvcvg! cpf!

; nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!rgtuqppgn/!Rtghgtgpeg!ujcnn!dg!ikxgp!

21 vq! rtkxcvg! ugevqt.dcugf! ygd.dcugf! kookitcvkqp! gphqteg.

22 ogpv! vtckpkpi! rtqitcou! hqt! yjkej! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtp.

23 ogpv!jcu!cntgcf{!rtqxkfgf!uwrrqtv!vq!fgxgnqr//!

24 UGE/! 224/! UVCVG! ETKOKPCN! CNKGP! CUUKUVCPEG! RTQITCO!

25

)UECCR*/!

26

Ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

27 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)k**!ku!cogpfgf•!

28

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjg! hktuv!

29

rnceg! uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh!

2;

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

31

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

32

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! vjgtgchvgt! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Uge.

33

tgvct{=!cpf!

34

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*)C*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! ejctigf!

35

ykvj! qt! dghqtg! eqpxkevgf/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1332 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11135 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 26 of 185

36! 2 UGE/! 225/! UVCVG! XKQNCVKQPU! QH! GPHQTEGOGPV! QH! KOOK.

3

ITCVKQP!NCYU/!

4

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 753! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kook.

5 itcvkqp!Tghqto!cpf!Kookitcpv!Tgurqpukdknkv{!Cev!qh!2;;7!

6 )9!W/U/E/!2484*!ku!cogpfgf•!

7

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvwtcnk|c.

8

vkqp! Ugtxkeg! gcej! rnceg! kv! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

9

Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

;

)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! oc{! cpf! kp.

21

ugtvkpi! ujcnn=!

22

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*•!

23

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! pq! rgtuqp! qt! cigpe{! oc{!

24

cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! rgtuqp! qt! cigpe{! ujcnn! pqv=!

25

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! fqkpi! cp{! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi!

26

ykvj! tgurgev! vq! kphqtocvkqp! cpf! kpugtvkpi! wp.

27

fgtvcmkpi! cp{! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi! ncy! gphqtegogpv!

28

cevkxkvkgu=! cpf!

29

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrju!)2*!vjtqwij!)4*!

2;

cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

31

)2*! Pqvkh{kpi! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Iqxgtpogpv! tgictf.

32

kpi! vjg! rtgugpeg! qh! kpcfokuukdng! cpf! fgrqtvcdng!

33

cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! gpeqwpvgtgf! d{! ncy! gphqtegogpv! rgt.

34

uqppgn! qh! c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg/!

35

)3*! Eqorn{kpi! ykvj! tgswguvu! hqt! kphqtocvkqp!

36

htqo! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1333 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11136 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 27 of 185

37!

2

)4*! Kuuwkpi! rqnkekgu! kp! vjg! hqto! qh! c! tguqnw.

3

vkqpu-! qtfkpcpegu-! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! cevkqpu-! igpgtcn! qt!

4

urgekcn! qtfgtu-! qt! fgrctvogpvcn! rqnkekgu! vjcv! xkqncvg!

5

Hgfgtcn! ncy! qt! tguvtkev! c! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxk.

6

ukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg! htqo! eqorn{kpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy! qt!

7

eqqtfkpcvkpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy! gphqtegogpv/=! cpf!

8

)5*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

9

)f*!E

/•!

;

)2*! K

/•C! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwd.

21

fkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg-! vjcv! jcu! kp! ghhgev! c! uvcvwvg-! rqn.

22

ke{-! qt! rtcevkeg! vjcv! rtqjkdkvu! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qhhk.

23

egtu! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg!

24

Uvcvg-! htqo! cuukuvkpi! qt! eqqrgtcvkpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn!

25

kookitcvkqp! ncy! gphqtegogpv! kp! vjg! eqwtug! qh! ect.

26

t{kpi! qwv! vjg! qhhkegtu! tqwvkpg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! fw.

27

vkgu! ujcnn! pqv! dg! gnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg•!

28

)C*! cp{! qh! vjg! hwpfu! vjcv! yqwnf! qvjgtykug!

29

dg! cnnqecvgf! vq! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp!

2;

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

31

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! vjg! Eqru!

32

qp! vjg! Dgcv! rtqitco! wpfgt! rctv! S! qh! vkvng! K! qh!

33

vjg! Qopkdwu! Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu!

34

Cev! qh! 2;79! )53! W/U/E/! 48;7ff! gv! ugs/*=! qt!

35

)D*! cp{! qvjgt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qt! Fgrctv.

36

ogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! itcpv/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1334 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11137 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 28 of 185

38!

2

)3*! C

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

3

ujcnn! fgvgtokpg! cppwcnn{! yjkej! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn!

4

uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg! ctg! pqv! kp! eqornkcpeg! ykvj!

5

vjku! ugevkqp! cpf! ujcnn! tgrqtv! uwej! fgvgtokpcvkqpu! vq!

6

Eqpitguu! qp! Octej! 2! qh! gcej! {gct/!

7

)4*! T

/•Vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn!

8

kuuwg!c!tgrqtv!eqpegtpkpi! vjg!eqornkcpeg! qh!cp{!rct.

9

vkewnct! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! cv! vjg! tgswguv! qh!

;

vjg! Jqwug! qt! Ugpcvg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg/! Cp{! lw.

21

tkufkevkqp!vjcv! ku!hqwpf! vq! dg! qwv!qh! eqornkcpeg! ujcnn!

22

dg! kpgnkikdng! vq! tgegkxg! Hgfgtcn! hkpcpekcn! cuukuvcpeg!

23

cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! hqt! c! okpkowo! rgtkqf!

24

qh! 2! {gct-! cpf! ujcnn! qpn{! dgeqog! gnkikdng! cickp! chvgt!

25

vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! egtvkhkgu! vjcv! vjg! lwtkufkevkqp! ku!

26

kp! eqornkcpeg/!

27

)5*! T

/•Cp{! hwpfu! vjcv! ctg! pqv!

28

cnnqecvgf! vq! c! Uvcvg! qt! vq! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

29

c! Uvcvg-! fwg! vq! vjg! hcknwtg! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! qt! qh! vjg! rq.

2;

nkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! vjg! Uvcvg-! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! uwd.

31

ugevkqp! )e*! ujcnn! dg! tgcnnqecvgf! vq! Uvcvgu-! qt! vq! rqnkv.

32

kecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! Uvcvgu-! vjcv! eqorn{! ykvj! uwej!

33

uwdugevkqp/!

34

)g*! E

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn!

35 tgswktg!ncy!gphqtegogpv!qhhkekcnu!htqo!Uvcvgu-!qt!htqo!rq.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1335 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11138 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 29 of 185

39!

2 nkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqpu! qh! Uvcvgu-! vq! tgrqtv! qt! cttguv! xkevkou!

3 qt!ykvpguugu!qh!c!etkokpcn!qhhgpug//!

4

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

5 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

6 qh! vjku! Cev-! gzegrv! vjcv! uwdugevkqp! )f*! qh! ugevkqp! 753! qh!

7 vjg!Knngicn!Kookitcvkqp!Tghqto!cpf!Kookitcpv!Tgurqpuk.

8 dknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )9! W/U/E/! 2484*-! cu! cffgf! d{! vjku! uge.

9 vkqp-! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! dgikppkpi! qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg!

; qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

21 UGE/!226/!ENCTKH[KPI!VJG!CWVJQTKV[!QH!KEG!FGVCKPGTU/!

22

)c*! K I

/•Gzegrv! cu! qvjgtykug! rtqxkfgf! d{!

23 Hgfgtcn!ncy! qt! twng! qh!rtqegfwtg-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqog.

24 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! gzgewvg! cnn! ncyhwn! ytkvu-! rtqeguu-! cpf!

25 qtfgtu! kuuwgf! wpfgt! vjg! cwvjqtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-!

26 cpf!ujcnn!eqoocpf!cnn!pgeguuct{!cuukuvcpeg!vq!gzgewvg!vjg!

27 Ugetgvct{u!fwvkgu/!

28

)d*! U

NE

Y FJU!

29 F

/•C! Uvcvg-! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c!

2; Uvcvg-! vjcv! jcu! kp! ghhgev! c! uvcvwvg! qt! rqnke{! qt! rtcevkeg!

31 rtqxkfkpi! vjcv! kv! pqv! eqorn{! ykvj! cp{! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

32 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! fgvckpgt! qtfgtkpi! vjcv! kv! vgorqtctkn{!

33 jqnf! cp! cnkgp! kp! vjgkt! ewuvqf{! uq! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! oc{! dg!

34 vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! qt! vtcpurqtv! vjg! cnkgp! hqt!

35 vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-! ujcnn! pqv! dg! gnkikdng! vq! tg.

36 egkxg•!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1336 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11139 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 30 of 185

3;!

2

)2*! cp{! qh! vjg! hwpfu! vjcv! yqwnf! qvjgtykug! dg! cn.

3

nqecvgf! vq! vjg! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! wpfgt!

4

ugevkqp! 352)k*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

5

Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)k**! qt! vjg! Eqru! qp! vjg! Dgcv!

6

rtqitco! wpfgt! rctv! S! qh! vkvng! K! qh! vjg! Qopkdwu!

7

Etkog! Eqpvtqn! cpf! Uchg! Uvtggvu! Cev! qh! 2;79! )53!

8

W/U/E/! 48;7ff! gv! ugs/*=! qt!

9

)3*! cp{! qvjgt! ncy! gphqtegogpv! qt! Fgrctvogpv!

;

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! itcpv/!

21

)e*! K

/•C! Uvcvg! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh!

22 c!Uvcvg!cevkpi!kp!eqornkcpeg!ykvj!c!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqog.

23 ncpf!Ugewtkv{!fgvckpgt!yjq!vgorqtctkn{!jqnfu!cnkgpu! kp!kvu!

24 ewuvqf{! uq! vjcv! vjg{! oc{! dg! vcmgp! kpvq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-!

25 qt! vtcpurqtvu! vjg! cnkgpu! hqt! vtcpuhgt! vq! Hgfgtcn! ewuvqf{-!

26 ujcnn! dg! eqpukfgtgf! vq! dg! cevkpi! wpfgt! eqnqt! qh! Hgfgtcn!

27 cwvjqtkv{!hqt!rwtrqugu!qh!fgvgtokpkpi!kvu!nkcdknkv{-!cpf!ko.

28 owpkv{! htqo! uwkv-! kp! ekxkn! cevkqpu! dtqwijv! d{! vjg! cnkgpu!

29 wpfgt!Hgfgtcn!qt!Uvcvg!ncy/!

2;

)f*! R

E /•Kv! ku! vjg! ugpug! qh! Eqpitguu!

31 vjcv! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu! rtqdcdng!

32 ecwug!vq!dgnkgxg!vjcv!cp!cnkgp!ku!kpcfokuukdng!qt!fgrqtvcdng!

33 yjgp! kv! kuuwgu! c! fgvckpgt! tgictfkpi! uwej! cnkgp! wpfgt! vjg!

34 uvcpfctfu!kp!rnceg!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!kpvtqfwevkqp!qh!vjku!Cev/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1337 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1113; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 31 of 185

41!

2 VKVNG!KKPCVKQPCN!UGEWTKV[!

3 UGE/!312/!TGOQXCN!QH-!CPF!FGPKCN!QH!DGPGHKVU!VQ-!VGT.

4

TQTKUV!CNKGPU/!

5

)c*! C

/•Ugevkqp! 319)d*)3*)C*!qh! vjg! Kookitc.

6 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2269)d*)3*)C**! ku!

7 cogpfgf•!

8

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

9

Ugewtkv{! chvgt! kh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn=! cpf!

;

)3*! d{! cogpfkpi! encwug! )x*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

21

)x*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

22

itcrj! )D*)k*! qt! )H*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*-!

23

wpnguu-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp!

24

uwdrctcitcrj! )KX*! qh! ugevkqp!

25

323)c*)4*)D*)k*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

26

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fg.

27

vgtokpgu-!kp! vjg! fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

28

qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! vjcv! vjgtg! ctg! pqv!

29

tgcuqpcdng! itqwpfu! hqt! tgictfkpi! vjg! cnkgp!

2;

cu! c! fcpigt! vq! vjg! ugewtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

31

Uvcvgu=!qt/!

32

)d*! E

T

/•Ugevkqp!

33 351C)e*)5*!qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;d)e*)5**!ku!cogpf.

34 gf•!

35

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kpcfokuukdng! wpfgt! cpf! kpugtv.

36

kpi! fguetkdgf! kp=! cpf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1338 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11141 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 32 of 185

42!

2

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! fgrqtvcdng! wpfgt! cpf! kpugtv.

3

kpi! fguetkdgf! kp/!

4

)e*!

X

F

/•Ugevkqp!

5 351D)d*)2*)E*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e)d*)2*)E**! ku!

6 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! fgrqtvcdng! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

7 348)c*)3*)C*)kkk*!qt!ugevkqp!348)c*)5*=!cpf!kpugtvkpi!fg.

8 uetkdgf!kp!rctcitcrj!)3*)C*)kkk*!qt!)5*!qh!ugevkqp!348)c*=/!

9

)f*! T

T

/•Ugevkqp!

; 352)d*)4*)D*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)d*)4*)D**! ku!

21 cogpfgf•!

22

)2*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtv.

23

kpi! qt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! chvgt!

24

Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg! kv! crrgctu=!

25

)3*! kp! encwug! )kkk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

26

)4*! kp! encwug! )kx*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg!

27

gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! c! ugokeqnqp=!

28

)5*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! hnwuj! ocvvgt! vjcv! hqnnqyu!

29

chvgt! encwug! )kx*=! cpf!

2;

)6*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )kx*! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

31

)x*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctc.

32

itcrj! )D*)k*! qt! )H*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*=!

33

qt/!

34

)g*!T

C

/•!

35

)2*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 35;! qh! uwej! Cev! )9!

36

W/U/E/! 236;*! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1339 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11142 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 33 of 185

43!

2 

!

3

!

4

-! !

5

U /! 35;/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp!

6 vjg!fkuetgvkqp!qh!vjg!Ugetgvct{!cpf!wpfgt!uwej!tgiwncvkqpu!

7 cu!vjg!Ugetgvct{!oc{!rtguetkdg-!oc{!gpvgt!c!tgeqtf!qh!ncy.

8 hwn! cfokuukqp! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp{!

9 cnkgp-! kh! pq! uwej! tgeqtf! ku! qvjgtykug! cxckncdng! cpf! vjg!

; cnkgp•!

21

)2*! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! dghqtg! Lcpwct{!

22

2-! 2;83=!

23

)3*! jcu! eqpvkpwqwun{! tgukfgf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

24

Uvcvgu! ukpeg! uwej! gpvt{=!

25

)4*! jcu! dggp! c! rgtuqp! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt!

26

ukpeg!uwej!gpvt{=!

27

)5*! ku! pqv! kpgnkikdng! hqt! ekvk|gpujkr=!

28

)6*! ku! pqv! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)C*)kx*-!

29

)3*-! )4*-! )7*)E*-! )7*)G*-! qt! )9*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*=! cpf!

2;

)7*! fkf! pqv-! cv! cp{! vkog-! ykvjqwv! tgcuqpcdng!

31

ecwug! hckn! qt! tghwug! vq! cvvgpf! qt! tgockp! kp! cvvgpf.

32

cpeg! cv! c! rtqeggfkpi! vq! fgvgtokpg! vjg! cnkgpu! kpcf.

33

okuukdknkv{! qt! fgrqtvcdknkv{/!

34 Uwej! tgeqtfcvkqp! ujcnn! dg! ghhgevkxg! cu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! cr.

35 rtqxcn!qh!vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qt!cu!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpvt{!kh!uwej!

36 gpvt{!qeewttgf!rtkqt!vq!Lwn{!2-!2;35//!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1340 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11143 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 34 of 185

44!

2

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

3

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cogpfkpi! vjg! kvgo!

4

tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 35;! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

Uge/ 35;/ Tgeqtf! qh! cfokuukqp! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! egtvckp! cnkgpu! yjq! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! rtkqt! vq! Lcpwct{! 2-! 2;83//!

5

)h*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

6 vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh!

7 vjku! Cev! cpf! ugevkqpu! 319)d*)3*)C*-! 323)c*-! 351C-! 351D-!

8 352)d*)4*-! cpf! 35;! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

9 Cev-!cu!uq!cogpfgf-!ujcnn!crrn{!vq•!

;

)2*! cnn! cnkgpu! kp! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenw.

21

ukqp!rtqeggfkpiu=!

22

)3*! cnn! crrnkecvkqpu! rgpfkpi! qp-! qt! hkngf! chvgt-!

23

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

24

)4*! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnkgpu! cpf! crrnkecvkqpu! fg.

25

uetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! qt! )3*! qh! vjku! uwdugevkqp-!

26

cevu! cpf! eqpfkvkqpu! eqpuvkvwvkpi! c! itqwpf! hqt! gzenw.

27

ukqp-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! tgoqxcn! qeewttkpi! qt! gzkuvkpi!

28

dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku!

29

Cev/!

2; UGE/!313/!VGTTQTKUV!DCT!VQ!IQQF!OQTCN!EJCTCEVGT/!

31

)c*! F

IO

E

/•!

32 Ugevkqp!212)h*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!

33 W/U/E/!2212)h**!ku!cogpfgf•!

34

)2*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{!

35

uvtkmkpi! yjq-! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! hqt! yjkej! iqqf!

•U! 2751! KU
1341 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11144 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 35 of 185

45!

2

oqtcn! ejctcevgt! ku! tgswktgf! vq! dg! guvcdnkujgf-! ku-!

3

cpf! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku=!

4

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

5

nqykpi<!

6

)3*! qpg! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

7

tkv{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! fgvgtokpgu! vq! jcxg! dggp! cv!

8

cp{! vkog! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)4*! qt!

9

348)c*)5*-! yjkej! fgvgtokpcvkqp! oc{! dg! dcugf! wrqp!

;

cp{! tgngxcpv! kphqtocvkqp! qt! gxkfgpeg-! kpenwfkpi! encu.

21

ukhkgf-! ugpukvkxg-! qt! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{! kphqtocvkqp==!

22

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )9*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqp!

23

)c*)54**=! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uwdugevkqp! )c*)54**-! tg.

24

ictfnguu! yjgvjgt! vjg! etkog! ycu! encuukhkgf! cu! cp! ci.

25

itcxcvgf! hgnqp{! cv! vjg! vkog! qh! eqpxkevkqp==! cpf!

26

)5*! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! hqnnqykpi! rctcitcrj! );*-! d{!

27

uvtkmkpi! vjg! hktuv! ugpvgpeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! hqn.

28

nqykpi<! Vjg! hcev! vjcv! cp{! rgtuqp! ku! pqv! ykvjkp! cp{!

29

qh! vjg! hqtgiqkpi! encuugu! ujcnn! pqv! rtgenwfg! c! fkuetg.

2;

vkqpct{! hkpfkpi! hqt! qvjgt! tgcuqpu! vjcv! uwej! c! rgtuqp!

31

ku! qt! ycu! pqv! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

32

qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! pqv! dg! nkokvgf! vq! vjg!

33

crrnkecpvu! eqpfwev! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! hqt! yjkej! iqqf!

34

oqtcn! ejctcevgt! ku! tgswktgf-! dwv! oc{! vcmg! kpvq! eqp.

35

ukfgtcvkqp! cu! c! dcuku! hqt! fgvgtokpcvkqp! vjg! crrnk.

36

ecpvu! eqpfwev! cpf! cevu! cv! cp{! vkog//!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1342 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11145 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 36 of 185

46!

2

)d*! C

H

/•Ugevkqp! 61;)d*! qh! vjg!

3 Kookitcvkqp!Cev!qh!2;;1!)9!W/U/E/!2212!pqvg*!ku!cogpfgf!

4 vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

5

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

6 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! Pqxgodgt! 3;-! 2;;1-!

7 cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!eqpxkevkqpu!qeewttkpi!dghqtg-!qp!qt!chvgt!

8 uwej!fcvg//!

9

)e*!V

E

K

!

;T

C /•Ugevkqp! 6615)3*! qh! vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tg.

21 hqto! cpf! Vgttqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh! 3115! )Rwdnke! Ncy!

22 219569*!ku!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkmkpi!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!

23 kpugtvkpi!kpugtvkpi!chvgt!rctcitcrj!)9*/!

24

)f*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

25 uwdugevkqpu! )c*! cpf! )d*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh!

26 gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!cev!vjcv!qeewttgf!

27 dghqtg-!qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cp{!crrnk.

28 ecvkqp! hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! qt! cp{! qvjgt! dgpghkv! qt! tgnkgh-! qt!

29 cp{! qvjgt! ecug! qt! ocvvgt! wpfgt! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu!

2; rgpfkpi! qp! qt! hkngf! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/! Vjg! cogpfogpvu!

31 ocfg! d{! uwdugevkqp! )e*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! cu! kh! gpcevgf! kp!

32 vjg! Kpvgnnkigpeg! Tghqto! cpf! Vgttqtkuo! Rtgxgpvkqp! Cev! qh!

33 3115!)Rwdnke!Ncy!219569*/!

34 UGE/!314/!VGTTQTKUV!DCT!VQ!PCVWTCNK\CVKQP/!

35

)c*! P

R

G

!

36

P

U

/•Ugevkqp! 427! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1343 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11146 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 37 of 185

47!

2 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2538*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

3 cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

4

)i*! R

G

P

U.

5 /•Pq! rgtuqp! ujcnn! dg! pcvwtcnk|gf! yjq! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

6 qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!fgvgtokpgu!vq!jcxg!dggp!cv!cp{!vkog!

7 cp!cnkgp!fguetkdgf!kp!ugevkqp!323)c*)4*!qt!348)c*)5*/!Uwej!

8 fgvgtokpcvkqp! oc{! dg! dcugf! wrqp! cp{! tgngxcpv! kphqtoc.

9 vkqp!qt!gxkfgpeg-!kpenwfkpi!encuukhkgf-!ugpukvkxg-!qt!pcvkqpcn!

; ugewtkv{!kphqtocvkqp//!

21

)d*! E

P

T

!

22 R

/•Ugevkqp! 429! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

23 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 253;*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi!

24 qvjgt!Cev=!cpf!kpugtvkpi!qvjgt!Cev=!cpf!pq!crrnkecvkqp!

25 hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! ujcnn! dg! eqpukfgtgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

26 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! cp{! eqwtv! kh! vjgtg! ku! rgpfkpi!

27 cickpuv!vjg!crrnkecpv!cp{!tgoqxcn!rtqeggfkpi!qt!qvjgt!rtq.

28 eggfkpi!vq!fgvgtokpg!vjg!crrnkecpvu!kpcfokuukdknkv{!qt!fg.

29 rqtvcdknkv{-!qt!vq!fgvgtokpg!yjgvjgt!vjg!crrnkecpvu!ncyhwn!

2; rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpv!uvcvwu!ujqwnf!dg!tguekpfgf-!tgictfnguu!

31 qh! yjgp! uwej! rtqeggfkpi! ycu! eqoogpegf<! Rtqxkfgf-! Vjcv!

32 vjg! hkpfkpiu! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! kp! vgtokpcvkpi! tg.

33 oqxcn!rtqeggfkpiu!qt!kp!ecpegnkpi!vjg!tgoqxcn!qh!cp!cnkgp!

34 rwtuwcpv!vq!vjg!rtqxkukqpu!qh!vjku!Cev-!ujcnn!pqv!dg!fggogf!

35 dkpfkpi!kp!cp{!yc{!wrqp!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

36 tkv{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! vjg! swguvkqp! qh! yjgvjgt! uwej! rgtuqp!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1344 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11147 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 38 of 185

48!

2 jcu!guvcdnkujgf!jku!gnkikdknkv{!hqt!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!cu!tgswktgf!

3 d{!vjku!vkvng=/!

4

)e*! R

F

T

!

5R

/•Ugevkqp! 315)d*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

6 Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2265)d**!ku!cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!

7 cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Pq! rgvkvkqp! ujcnn! dg! crrtqxgf!

8 rwtuwcpv! vq! vjku! ugevkqp! kh! vjgtg! ku! cp{! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! qt!

9 lwfkekcn! rtqeggfkpi! )yjgvjgt! ekxkn! qt! etkokpcn*! rgpfkpi!

; cickpuv!vjg!rgvkvkqpgt!vjcv!eqwnf!)yjgvjgt!fktgevn{!qt!kpfk.

21 tgevn{*! tguwnv! kp! vjg! rgvkvkqpgtu! fgpcvwtcnk|cvkqp! qt! vjg!

22 nquu!qh!vjg!rgvkvkqpgtu!ncyhwn!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpv!uvcvwu//!

23

)f*! E

R

T

/•Uge.

24 vkqpu! 327)g*! cpf! ugevkqp! 327C)g*!qh!vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

25 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2297c)g*! cpf! 2297d)g**! ctg!

26 gcej!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkmkpi!vjg!rgtkqf!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!kpugtv.

27 kpi! -! kh! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! jcf! vjg! eqpfkvkqpcn! dcuku! tgoqxgf!

28 rwtuwcpv!vq!vjku!ugevkqp//!

29

)g*! F

E

L

/•Uwdugevkqp!

2; 447)d*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp! cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!

31 2558)d**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

32

)d*!Kh!vjgtg!ku!c!hcknwtg!vq!tgpfgt!c!hkpcn!cfokpkuvtc.

33 vkxg!fgekukqp!wpfgt!ugevkqp!446!dghqtg!vjg!gpf!qh!vjg!291.!

34 fc{!rgtkqf!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qp!yjkej!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqog.

35 ncpf! Ugewtkv{! eqorngvgu! cnn! gzcokpcvkqpu! cpf! kpvgtxkgyu!

36 eqpfwevgf! wpfgt! uwej! ugevkqp-! cu! uwej! vgtou! ctg! fghkpgf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1345 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11148 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 39 of 185

49!

2 d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!rwtuwcpv!vq!tgiw.

3 ncvkqpu-! vjg! crrnkecpv! oc{! crrn{! vq! vjg! fkuvtkev! eqwtv! hqt!

4 vjg! fkuvtkev! kp! yjkej! vjg! crrnkecpv! tgukfgu! hqt! c! jgctkpi!

5 qp! vjg! ocvvgt/! Uwej! eqwtv! ujcnn! qpn{! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq!

6 tgxkgy! vjg! dcuku! hqt! fgnc{! cpf! tgocpf! vjg! ocvvgt! vq! vjg!

7 Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!hqt!vjg!Ugetgvct{u!fgvgt.

8 okpcvkqp!qp!vjg!crrnkecvkqp//!

9

)h*! E

C

/•Ugevkqp! 421)e*! qh!

; vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2532)e**!

21 ku!cogpfgf•!

22

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv!

23

ku! 231! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

24

tkv{u! hkpcn! fgvgtokpcvkqp-! chvgt! uggm=! cpf!

25

)3*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! ugeqpf! ugpvgpeg! cpf! kpugtv.

26

kpi! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!Vjg! dwtfgp!ujcnn!dg!wrqp! vjg! rg.

27

vkvkqpgt! vq! ujqy! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! fgpkcn! qh! vjg!

28

crrnkecvkqp! ycu! pqv! uwrrqtvgf! d{! hcekcnn{! ngikvkocvg!

29

cpf! dqpc! hkfg! tgcuqpu/! Gzegrv! kp! c! rtqeggfkpi! wpfgt!

2;

ugevkqp! 451-! pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh!

31

ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp!

32

3352! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! cp{! qvjgt!

33

jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxkukqp-! cpf! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf!

34

2762! qh! uwej! vkvng-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp!

35

vq! fgvgtokpg-! qt! vq! tgxkgy! c! fgvgtokpcvkqp! qh! vjg!

36

Ugetgvct{! ocfg! cv! cp{! vkog! tgictfkpi-! yjgvjgt-! hqt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1346 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11149 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 40 of 185

4;!

2

rwtrqugu! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-! cp!

3

cnkgp! ku! c! rgtuqp! qh! iqqf! oqtcn! ejctcevgt-! yjgvjgt!

4

vjg! cnkgp! wpfgtuvcpfu! cpf! ku! cvvcejgf! vq! vjg! rtkp.

5

ekrngu! qh! vjg! Eqpuvkvwvkqp! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! qt!

6

yjgvjgt! cp! cnkgp! ku! ygnn! fkurqugf! vq! vjg! iqqf! qtfgt!

7

cpf! jcrrkpguu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu//!

8

)i*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

9 vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh!

; vjku! Cev-! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-!

21 qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! crrnkecvkqp! hqt!

22 pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!qt!cp{!qvjgt!ecug!qt!ocvvgt!wpfgt!vjg!kook.

23 itcvkqp!ncyu!rgpfkpi!qp-!qt!hkngf!chvgt-!uwej!fcvg/!

24 UGE/!315/!FGPCVWTCNK\CVKQP!HQT!VGTTQTKUVU/!

25

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 451! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

26 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!ku!cogpfgf•!

27

)2*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdugevkqpu! )h*! vjtqwij! )j*!

28

cu! uwdugevkqpu! )i*! vjtqwij! )k*-! tgurgevkxgn{=! cpf!

29

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdugevkqp! )g*! vjg! hqn.

2;

nqykpi<!

31

)h*)2*! Kh! c! rgtuqp! yjq! jcu! dggp! pcvwtcnk|gf! rctvkek.

32 rcvgu!kp!cp{!cev!fguetkdgf!kp!rctcitcrj!)3*-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!

33 Igpgtcn! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! hkpf! vjcv-! cu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej!

34 pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-! uwej! rgtuqp! ycu! pqv! cvvcejgf! vq! vjg! rtkp.

35 ekrngu! qh! vjg! Eqpuvkvwvkqp! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! ycu!

36 pqv! ygnn! fkurqugf! vq! vjg! iqqf! qtfgt! cpf! jcrrkpguu! qh! vjg!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1347 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1114; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 41 of 185

51!

2 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!cv!vjg!vkog!qh!pcvwtcnk|cvkqp-!cpf!wrqp!uwej!

3 hkpfkpi!ujcnn!ugv!cukfg!vjg!qtfgt!cfokvvkpi!uwej!rgtuqp!vq!

4 ekvk|gpujkr! cpf! ecpegn! vjg! egtvkhkecvg! qh! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! cu!

5 jcxkpi! dggp! qdvckpgf! d{! eqpegcnogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn! hcev!

6 qt! d{! yknnhwn! okutgrtgugpvcvkqp-! cpf! uwej! tgxqecvkqp! cpf!

7 ugvvkpi!cukfg!qh!vjg!qtfgt!cfokvvkpi!uwej!rgtuqp!vq!ekvk|gp.

8 ujkr! cpf! uwej! ecpegnkpi! qh! egtvkhkecvg! qh! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp!

9 ujcnn! dg! ghhgevkxg! cu! qh! vjg! qtkikpcn! fcvg! qh! vjg! qtfgt! cpf!

; egtvkhkecvg-!tgurgevkxgn{/!

21

)3*!Vjg!cevu!fguetkdgf!kp!vjku!rctcitcrj!ctg!vjg!hqn.

22 nqykpi<!

23

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24

rqukvkqp! vq-! qt! vjg! eqpvtqn! qt! qxgtvjtqy! qh-! vjg! Iqx.

25

gtpogpv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! d{! hqteg-! xkqngpeg-! qt!

26

qvjgt! wpncyhwn! ogcpu/!

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28

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29

323)c*)4*)D**/!

2;

)E*! Kpekvgogpv! qh! vgttqtkuv! cevkxkv{! wpfgt! ekt.

31

ewouvcpegu! kpfkecvkpi! cp! kpvgpvkqp! vq! ecwug! fgcvj! qt!

32

ugtkqwu! dqfkn{! jcto/!

33

)F*! Tgegkxkpi! oknkvct{.v{rg! vtckpkpi! )cu! fg.

34

hkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 344;F)e*)2*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf!

35

Uvcvgu! Eqfg*! htqo! qt! qp! dgjcnh! qh! cp{! qticpk|cvkqp!

36

vjcv-! cv! vjg! vkog! vjg! vtckpkpi! ycu! tgegkxgf-! ycu! c!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 42 of 185

52!

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3

323)c*)4*)D*)xk**//!

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F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

5 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

6 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! qp!

7 qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

8 UGE/! 316/! WUG! QH! 2;97! KTEC! NGICNK\CVKQP! KPHQTOCVKQP!

9

HQT!PCVKQPCN!UGEWTKV[!RWTRQUGU/!

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/•Ugevkqp!

21 321)d*)7*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

22 W/U/E/!2271)d*)7**!ku!cogpfgf•!

23

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

24

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh!

25

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

26

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Fgrctv.

27

ogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

28

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-=!

29

)4*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*! cpf!

2;

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31

)5*!d{!kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj!)D*!vjg!hqn.

32

nqykpi<!

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35

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-!

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kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg! hwtpkujkpi! qh! kp.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 43 of 185

53!

2

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3

vjg! ucog! ocppgt! cpf! ektewouvcpegu! cu!

4

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5

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6

)kk*! P

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8

tkv{! oc{! rtqxkfg-! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp-! hqt! vjg!

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hwtpkujkpi-! wug-! rwdnkecvkqp-! qt! tgngcug! qh!

;

kphqtocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp!

21

cp{! kpxguvkicvkqp-! ecug-! qt! ocvvgt-! qt! hqt!

22

cp{! rwtrqug-! tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo-! pcvkqpcn!

23

kpvgnnkigpeg! qt! vjg! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{/=! cpf!

24

)6*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*-! cu! tgfgukipcvgf-! d{!

25

uvtkmkpi! Ugtxkeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

26

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

27

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29 356C)e*)6*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

2; W/U/E/!2366c)e*)6**-!ku!cogpfgf•!

31

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

32

uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh!

33

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

34

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Fgrctv.

35

ogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

36

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-=!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 44 of 185

54!

2

)4*! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*! vq! tgcf! cu!

3

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8

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9

vjg! ucog! ocppgt! cpf! ektewouvcpegu! cu!

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21

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22

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24

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25

hwtpkujkpi-! wug-! rwdnkecvkqp-! qt! tgngcug! qh!

26

kphqtocvkqp! hwtpkujgf! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kp!

27

cp{! kpxguvkicvkqp-! ecug-! qt! ocvvgt-! qt! hqt!

28

cp{! rwtrqug-! tgncvkpi! vq! vgttqtkuo-! pcvkqpcn!

29

kpvgnnkigpeg! qt! vjg! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{/=! cpf!

2;

)5*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*)k*-! uvtkmkpi! Ugtxkeg!

31

cpf! kpugtvkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

32 UGE/!317/!DCEMITQWPF!CPF!UGEWTKV[!EJGEMU/!

33

)c*!T

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34 U

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35 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2214*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi!

36 cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 45 of 185

55!

2

)j*! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy!

3 )uvcvwvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! dwv! pqv! nkokvgf! vq!

4 ugevkqp! 41;! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 218284-! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf!

5 2762! qh! vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*!

6 qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! pgkvjgt! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

7 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-! pqt! cp{! eqwtv!

8 oc{•!

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)2*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

;

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! vq!

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vjcv! qh! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgu.

22

kfgpeg=!

23

)3*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

24

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ekvk|gpujkr!

25

qt! cp{! qvjgt! uvcvwu-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-!

26

gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv! wpfgt!

27

vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu=!

28

)4*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

29

vkqp! qh-! cp{! kookitcpv! qt! pqpkookitcpv! rgvkvkqp=! qt!

2;

)5*! kuuwg! qt! qtfgt! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! fqew.

31

ogpvcvkqp! gxkfgpekpi! qt! tgncvgf! vq! cp{! uwej! itcpv-!

32

wpvkn! uwej! dcemitqwpf! cpf! ugewtkv{! ejgemu! cu! vjg!

33

Ugetgvct{! oc{! kp! jku! fkuetgvkqp! tgswktg! jcxg! dggp!

34

eqorngvgf! qt! wrfcvgf! vq! vjg! ucvkuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Uge.

35

tgvct{/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 46 of 185

56!

2

)k*!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy!)uvcv.

3 wvqt{!qt!pqpuvcvwvqt{*-!kpenwfkpi!dwv!pqv!nkokvgf!vq!ugevkqp!

4 41;! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 218284-! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh!

5 vkvng! 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*! qh! vkvng!

6 6-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!pgkvjgt!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

7 Ugewtkv{! pqt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! dg! tgswktgf! vq•!

8

)2*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

9

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! vq!

;

vjcv! qh! cp! cnkgp! ncyhwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgu.

21

kfgpeg-!

22

)3*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

23

vkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ekvk|gpujkr!

24

qt! cp{! qvjgt! uvcvwu-! tgnkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-!

25

gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-! qt! qvjgt! dgpghkv! wpfgt!

26

vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu-!

27

)4*! itcpv-! qt! qtfgt! vjg! itcpv! qh! qt! cflwfkec.

28

vkqp! qh-! cp{! kookitcpv! qt! pqpkookitcpv! rgvkvkqp-! qt!

29

)5*! kuuwg! qt! qtfgt! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! fqew.

2;

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31

wpvkn! cp{! uwurgevgf! qt! cnngigf! ocvgtkcnn{! hcnug! kphqt.

32

ocvkqp-! ocvgtkcn! okutgrtgugpvcvkqp! qt! qokuukqp-! eqp.

33

egcnogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn! hcev-! htcwf! qt! hqtigt{-! eqwp.

34

vgthgkvkpi-! qt! cnvgtcvkqp-! qt! hcnukhkecvkqp! qh! c! fqew.

35

ogpv-! cu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! tgncvkpi! vq!

36

vjg! cflwfkecvkqp! qh! cp! crrnkecvkqp! qt! rgvkvkqp! hqt! cp{!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 47 of 185

57!

2

uvcvwu! )kpenwfkpi! vjg! itcpvkpi! qh! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvc.

3

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5

uqnxgf! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ucvkuhcevkqp/!

6

)l*!Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy!)uvcv.

7 wvqt{! qt! pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 41;! qh! vjg! Gp.

8 jcpegf! Dqtfgt! Ugewtkv{! cpf! Xkuc! Gpvt{! Tghqto! Cev! )9!

9 W/U/E/!2849*-!ugevkqpu!2472!cpf!2762!qh!vkvng!39-!Wpkvgf!

; Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*! qh! vkvng! 6-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

21 Eqfg-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgswktg! cp{! qh!

22 vjg!cevu!kp!uwdugevkqp!)j*!qt!)k*!vq!dg!eqorngvgf!d{!c!egt.

23 vckp! vkog! qt! cyctf! cp{! tgnkgh! hqt! hcknwtg! vq! eqorngvg! qt!

24 fgnc{!kp!eqorngvkpi!uwej!cevu//!

25

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28

ugs/*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

29



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31 qt! cp{! qvjgt! ncy-! gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )f*-!

32 ujcnn! dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! tgswktg! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

33 Ugewtkv{-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg-!vjg!

34 Ugetgvct{!qh!Ncdqt-!qt!c!eqpuwnct!qhhkegt!vq!itcpv!cp{!cr.

35 rnkecvkqp-! crrtqxg! cp{! rgvkvkqp-! qt! itcpv! qt! eqpvkpwg! cp{!

36 tgnkgh-!rtqvgevkqp!htqo!tgoqxcn-!gornq{ogpv!cwvjqtk|cvkqp-!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 48 of 185

58!

2 qt!cp{!qvjgt!uvcvwu!qt!dgpghkv!wpfgt!vjg!kookitcvkqp!ncyu!

3 d{-!vq-!qt!qp!dgjcnh!qh•!

4

)2*! cp{! cnkgp! fggogf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! dg!

5

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qt!

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8

qt! qvjgt!rtqeggfkpi!qt! kpxguvkicvkqp! ku!qrgp!qt!rgpf.

9

kpi! )kpenwfkpi-! dwv! pqv! nkokvgf! vq-! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp! ct.

;

tguv! ycttcpv-! fgvckpgt-! qt! kpfkevogpv*-! yjgtg! uwej!

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rtqeggfkpi! qt! kpxguvkicvkqp! ku! fggogf! d{! vjg! qhhkekcn!

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26 fkuetgvkqp! qh! vjg! qhhkekcn-! fgp{! )ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cp! cnkgp!

27 fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! qt! )3*! qh! uwdugevkqp! )c**! qt!

28 ykvjjqnf! cflwfkecvkqp! qh! rgpfkpi! tguqnwvkqp! qh! vjg! kpxgu.

29 vkicvkqp!qt!ecug!)ykvj!tgurgev!vq!cp!cnkgp!fguetkdgf!kp!uwd.

2; ugevkqp!)c*)3*!qh!vjku!ugevkqp*!cp{!crrnkecvkqp-!rgvkvkqp-!tg.

31 nkgh-! rtqvgevkqp! htqo! tgoqxcn-! gornq{ogpv! cwvjqtk|cvkqp-!

32 uvcvwu!qt!dgpghkv/!

33

)e*!L

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtq.

34 xkukqp!qh!ncy!)uvcvwvqt{!qt!pqpuvcvwvqt{*-!kpenwfkpi!ugevkqp!

35 41;!qh!vjg!Gpjcpegf!Dqtfgt!Ugewtkv{!cpf!Xkuc!Gpvt{!Tg.

36 hqto!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2849*-!ugevkqpu!2472!cpf!2762!qh!vkvng!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 49 of 185

59!

2 39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cpf! ugevkqp! 817)2*! qh! vkvng! 6-!

3 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!pq!eqwtv!ujcnn!jcxg!lwtkufkevkqp!vq!tg.

4 xkgy!c!fgekukqp!vq!fgp{!qt!ykvjjqnf!cflwfkecvkqp!rwtuwcpv!

5 vq!uwdugevkqp!)d*!qh!vjku!ugevkqp/!

6

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/•Vjku! ugevkqp! fqgu! pqv! nkokv! qt! oqfkh{! vjg!

8 crrnkecdknkv{! qh! ugevkqp! 352)d*)4*! qt! vjg! Wpkvgf! Pcvkqpu!

9 Eqpxgpvkqp!Cickpuv!Vqtvwtg!cpf!Qvjgt!Etwgn-!Kpjwocp!qt!

; Fgitcfkpi! Vtgcvogpv! qt! Rwpkujogpv-! uwdlgev! vq! cp{! tgu.

21 gtxcvkqpu-! wpfgtuvcpfkpiu-! fgenctcvkqpu! cpf! rtqxkuqu! eqp.

22 vckpgf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Ugpcvg! tguqnwvkqp! qh! tcvkhkec.

23 vkqp! qh! vjg! Eqpxgpvkqp-! cu! korngogpvgf! d{! ugevkqp! 3353!

24 qh! vjg! Hqtgkip! Chhcktu! Tghqto! cpf! Tguvtwevwtkpi! Cev! qh!

25 2;;9! )Rwdnke! Ncy!216388*!ykvj! tgurgev!vq!cp!cnkgp! qvj.

26 gtykug!gnkikdng!hqt!rtqvgevkqp!wpfgt!uwej!rtqxkukqpu//!

27

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

28

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vjg!

29

kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 472! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

Uge/ 473/ Eqpuvtwevkqp//!

2;

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F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

31 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

32 qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!crrnkecvkqpu!hqt!kookitcvkqp!

33 dgpghkvu!rgpfkpi!qp!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 50 of 185

5;! 2 UGE/! 318/! VGEJPKECN! COGPFOGPVU! TGNCVKPI! VQ! VJG! KP.

3

VGNNKIGPEG! TGHQTO! CPF! VGTTQTKUO! RTG.

4

XGPVKQP!CEV!QH!3115/!

5

)c*! V

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6 831;)f*!qh!vjg!Kpvgnnkigpeg!Tghqto!cpf!Vgttqtkuo!Rtgxgp.

7 vkqp! Cev! qh! 3115! )9! W/U/E/! 2296! pqvg*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

8 uvtkmkpi!vjg!Ugetgvct{-!kp!eqplwpevkqp!ykvj!vjg!Ugetgvct{!

9 qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

; Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

21 Uvcvg-/!

22

)d*! V

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24 ugtvkpi!cpf!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Uvcvg!chvgt!wugf!d{!vjg!

25 Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

26

VKVNG!KKKTGOQXCN!QH!

27

ETKOKPCN!CNKGPU!

28 UGE/!412/!FGHKPKVKQP!QH!CIITCXCVGF!HGNQP[/!

29

)c*! F

C

H

/•Ugevkqp!

2; 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

31 W/U/E/!2212)c*)54**!ku!cogpfgf•!

32

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Vjg! vgto! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{!

33

ogcpu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt!

34

rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! vjg! vgto! ciitcxcvgf! hgnqp{! crrnkgu!

35

vq! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj-! yjgvjgt! kp!

36

xkqncvkqp! qh! Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! ncy-! qt! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh!

37

vjg! ncy! qh! c! hqtgkip! eqwpvt{! hqt! yjkej! vjg! vgto! qh!

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UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 51 of 185

61!

2

kortkuqpogpv! ycu! eqorngvgf! ykvjkp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! 26!

3

{gctu-! gxgp! kh! vjg! ngpivj! qh! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv!

4

hqt! vjg! qhhgpug! ku! dcugf! qp! tgekfkxkuv! qt! qvjgt! gp.

5

jcpegogpvu! cpf! tgictfnguu! qh! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp!

6

ycu! gpvgtgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 2;;7-!

7

cpf! ogcpu=!

8

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! owtfgt-!

9

tcrg-! qt! ugzwcn! cdwug! qh! c! okpqt=! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cp!

;

qhhgpug! tgncvkpi! vq! owtfgt-! ocpuncwijvgt-! jqokekfg-!

21

tcrg! )yjgvjgt! vjg! xkevko! ycu! eqpuekqwu! qt! wpeqp.

22

uekqwu*-! qt! cp{! qhhgpug! qh! c! ugzwcn! pcvwtg! kpxqnxkpi!

23

c! xkevko! wpfgt! vjg! cig! qh! 29! {gctu==!

24

)4*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! cp! qh.

25

hgpug! tgncvkpi! vq! dghqtg! knnkekv! vtchhkemkpi=!

26

)5*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )E*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! cp! qh.

27

hgpug! tgncvkpi! vq! dghqtg! knnkekv! vtchhkemkpi! kp! hktg.

28

ctou=!

29

)6*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )H*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! cp! qh.

2;

hgpug! tgncvkpi! vq! dghqtg! c! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg=!

31

)7*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )I*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! c! vjghv!

32

qhhgpug! )kpenwfkpi! tgegkrv! qh! uvqngp! rtqrgtv{*! qt! c!

33

dwtinct{! qhhgpug! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cp! qhhgpug! tgncvkpi!

34

vq! vjghv! )kpenwfkpi! tgegkrv! qh! uvqngp! rtqrgtv{*! qt! dwt.

35

inct{=!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1358 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11161 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 52 of 185

62!

2

)8*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! 3363!

3

cpf! kpugtvkpi! 3363-! qt! 3363C=!

4

)9*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )P*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctc.

5

itcrj! )2*)C*! qt! )3*! qh! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! vjtqwij!

6

vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 385)c*! )tgncvkpi! vq!

7

cnkgp!uowiinkpi*==!

8

);*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )Q*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp!

9

386)c*! qt! 387! eqookvvgf! d{! cp! cnkgp! yjq! ycu! rtg.

;

xkqwun{! fgrqtvgf! qp! vjg! dcuku! qh! c! eqpxkevkqp! hqt! cp!

21

qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! cpqvjgt! uwdrctcitcrj! qh! vjku!

22

rctcitcrj=! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 386! qt! 387! hqt!

23

yjkej! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! ku! cv! ngcuv! 7!

24

oqpvju==!

25

)21*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cp! cv.

26

vgorv! qt! eqpurktce{! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf!

27

kp! vjku! rctcitcrj! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cvvgorvkpi! qt!

28

eqpurktkpi! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku!

29

rctcitcrj-! qt! ckfkpi-! cdgvvkpi-! eqwpugnkpi-! rtq.

2;

ewtkpi-! eqoocpfkpi-!kpfwekpi-! qt! uqnkekvkpi!vjg! eqo.

31

okuukqp! qh! uwej! cp! qhhgpug=! cpf!

32

)22*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! wpfgukipcvgf! ocvvgt! hqn.

33

nqykpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*/!

34

)d*! G

F =! C

C.

35

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UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 53 of 185

63!

2

)2*! K

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3

uwdugevkqp!)c*•!

4

)C*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gp.

5

cevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

6

)D*! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cp{! cev! qt! eqpxkevkqp!

7

vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

8

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;

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)54**!

21

ocfg! d{! ugevkqp! 432! qh! vjg! Knngicn! Kookitcvkqp! Tg.

22

hqto! cpf! Kookitcpv! Tgurqpukdknkv{! Cev! qh! 2;;7! )fk.

23

xkukqp! E! qh! Rwdnke! Ncy! 215319=! 221! Uvcv/! 411;!

24

738*! ujcnn! eqpvkpwg! vq! crrn{-! yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp!

25

ycu! gpvgtgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! Ugrvgodgt! 41-! 2;;7/!

26 UGE/! 413/! RTGENWFKPI! CFOKUUKDKNKV[! QH! CNKGPU! EQP.

27

XKEVGF! QH! CIITCXCVGF! HGNQPKGU! QT!

28

QVJGT!UGTKQWU!QHHGPUGU/!

29

)c*! K

E

T

!

2; I

=! Y

/•Ugevkqp! 323! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

31 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2293*!ku!cogpfgf•!

32

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)C*)k*•!

33

)C*! kp! uwdencwug! )K*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv!

34

vjg! gpf=!

35

)D*! kp! uwdencwug! )KK*-! d{! cffkpi! qt! cv!

36

vjg! gpf=! cpf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 54 of 185

64!

2

)E*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdencwug! )KK*! vjg!

3

hqnnqykpi<!

4

)KKK*! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! )qt! c! eqp.

5

urktce{! qt! cvvgorv! vq! xkqncvg*! cp! qh.

6

hgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 519! qh! vkvng!

7

53-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq!

8

uqekcn! ugewtkv{! ceeqwpv! pwodgtu! qt! uq.

9

ekcn! ugewtkv{! ectfu*! qt! ugevkqp! 2139! qh!

;

vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi!

21

vq! htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp! eqp.

22

pgevkqp! ykvj! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! fqewogpvu-!

23

cwvjgpvkecvkqp! hgcvwtgu-! cpf! kphqtoc.

24

vkqp*-=!

25

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! qh! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*!

26

vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

27

)L*! R

!

28

/•Cp{! cnkgp!

29

eqpxkevgf! qh-! qt! yjq! cfokvu! jcxkpi! eqookvvgf-!

2;

qt! yjq! cfokvu! eqookvvkpi! cevu! yjkej! eqpuvkvwvg!

31

vjg! guugpvkcn! gngogpvu! qh-! c! xkqncvkqp! qh-! qt! cp!

32

cvvgorv! qt! c! eqpurktce{! vq! xkqncvg-! uwdugevkqp!

33

)c*! qt! )d*! qh! ugevkqp! 2536! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf!

34

Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! rtqewtgogpv! qh!

35

ekvk|gpujkr! qt! pcvwtcnk|cvkqp! wpncyhwnn{*! ku! kpcf.

36

okuukdng/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 55 of 185

65!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 56 of 185

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 57 of 185

67!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 58 of 185

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hgnqp{/=!

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24

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cpf!

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33 W/U/E/!2338)c*)4*)D**!ku!cogpfgf•!

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)2*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf=!

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cpf!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 59 of 185

69!

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21 vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

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34 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!crrn{•!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 60 of 185

6;!

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7 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! pqv! dg! eqpuvtwgf! vq! etgcvg! gnkikdknkv{! hqt!

8 tgnkgh!htqo!tgoqxcn!wpfgt!hqtogt!ugevkqp!323)e*!qh!vjg!Ko.

9 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! yjgtg! uwej! gnkikdknkv{! fkf!

; pqv!gzkuv!dghqtg!vjgug!cogpfogpvu!dgecog!ghhgevkxg/!

21 UGE/!414/!GURKQPCIG!ENCTKHKECVKQP/!

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23 cnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)4*)C**-! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf!

24 cu!hqnnqyu<!

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35

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ucdqvcig=! qt!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 61 of 185

71!

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27 cogpfgf•!

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29

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)3*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )i*)6*-! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*-!

33

d{! uvtkmkpi! ){*)3*! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu! cpf! kpugtv.

34

kpi! ){*-! ku! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp! ncy.

35

hwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg==! cpf!

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)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! ){*•!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 62 of 185

72!

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7

rctcitcrj! )D*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

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9

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21

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)E*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! wpfgt! c!

23

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24

hwnn{! cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg=! cpf!

25

)F*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cf.

26

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28

vgf! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! dwv! pqv! cu! cp! cnkgp!

29

ncyhwnn{!cfokvvgf!hqt!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpeg/!

2; UGE/! 416/! WPKHQTO! UVCVWVG! QH! NKOKVCVKQPU! HQT! EGT.

31

VCKP! KOOKITCVKQP-! PCVWTCNK\CVKQP-! CPF!

32

RGQPCIG!QHHGPUGU/!

33

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34 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! Pq! rgtuqp! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu!

35 vjtqwij!vjg!rgtkqf!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!kpugtvkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

36 Pq! rgtuqp! ujcnn! dg! rtqugewvgf-! vtkgf-! qt! rwpkujgf! hqt! c!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 63 of 185

73!

2 xkqncvkqp!qh!cp{!ugevkqp!qh!ejcrvgtu!7;!)tgncvkpi!vq!pcvkqp.

3 cnkv{! cpf! ekvk|gpujkr! qhhgpugu*! cpf! 86! )tgncvkpi! vq! rcuu.

4 rqtv-! xkuc-! cpf! kookitcvkqp! qhhgpugu*-! qt! hqt! c! xkqncvkqp!

5 qh! cp{! etkokpcn! rtqxkukqp! qh! ugevkqp! 354-! 377-! 385-! 386-!

6 387-!388-!qt!389!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev-!

7 qt!hqt!cp!cvvgorv!qt!eqpurktce{!vq!xkqncvg!cp{!uwej!ugevkqp-!

8 wpnguu! vjg! kpfkevogpv! ku! tgvwtpgf! qt! vjg! kphqtocvkqp! ku!

9 hkngf! ykvjkp! vgp! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! eqookuukqp! qh! vjg! qh.

; hgpug//!

21 UGE/! 417/! EQPHQTOKPI! COGPFOGPV! VQ! VJG! FGHKPKVKQP!

22

QH!TCEMGVGGTKPI!CEVKXKV[/!

23

Ugevkqp! 2;72)2*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

24 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp! 2653! vjtqwij! ugevkqp!

25 2657!)tgncvkpi!vq!htcwf!cpf!okuwug!qh!xkucu-!rgtokvu-!cpf!

26 qvjgt!fqewogpvu*!cpf!kpugtvkpi!ugevkqpu!26522659!)tg.

27 ncvkpi!vq!rcuurqtvu!cpf!xkucu*/!

28 UGE/! 418/! EQPHQTOKPI! COGPFOGPVU! HQT! VJG! CIITC.

29

XCVGF!HGNQP[!FGHKPKVKQP/!

2;

)c*! K I

/•Uwdrctcitcrj! )R*! qh! ugevkqp!

31 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

32 W/U/E/!2212)c*)54**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

33

)R*! cp! qhhgpug! yjkej! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! cp{!

34

ugevkqp! qh! ejcrvgt! 86! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

35

Eqfg-! hqt! yjkej! vjg! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! ku! cv!

36

ngcuv! 23! oqpvju=/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1370 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11173 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 64 of 185

74!

2

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

3 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

4 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cevu!vjcv!qeewt!dghqtg-!

5 qp-!qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

6 UGE/!419/!RTGENWFKPI!TGHWIGG!QT!CU[NGG!CFLWUVOGPV!

7

QH!UVCVWU!HQT!CIITCXCVGF!HGNQPU/!

8

)c*!K I

/•Ugevkqp!31;)e*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!

9 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 226;)e**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

; cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjgtgqh! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Jqygxgt-! cp!

21 cnkgp!yjq!ku!eqpxkevgf!qh!cp!ciitcxcvgf!hgnqp{!ku!pqv!gnkik.

22 dng! hqt! c! yckxgt! qt! hqt! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! wpfgt! vjku!

23 ugevkqp//!

24

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

25 uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!crrn{•!

26

)2*! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

27

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

28

)3*! vq! cnn! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! tgswktgf! vq! guvcdnkuj!

29

cfokuukdknkv{! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! kp! cnn! tg.

2;

oqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu! vjcv! ctg!

31

hkngf-! rgpfkpi-! qt! tgqrgpgf-! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

32 UGE/! 41;/! RTGENWFKPI! YKVJJQNFKPI! QH! TGOQXCN! HQT!

33

CIITCXCVGF!HGNQPU/!

34

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)d*)4*)D*! )9! W/U/E/!

35 2342)d*)4*)D**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 312-! ku! hwtvjgt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1371 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11174 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 65 of 185

75!

2 cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )x*-! cu! kpugtvgf! d{! uge.

3 vkqp!312-!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

4

)xk*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! eqpxkevgf! qh! cp! ci.

5

itcxcvgf! hgnqp{//!

6

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

7 uwdugevkqp!)c*!ujcnn!crrn{•!

8

)2*! vq! cp{! cev! vjcv! qeewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

9

vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

;

)3*! vq! cnn! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg! tgswktgf! vq! guvcdnkuj!

21

cfokuukdknkv{! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg-! cpf! kp! cnn! tg.

22

oqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! rtqeggfkpiu! vjcv! ctg!

23

hkngf-! rgpfkpi-! qt! tgqrgpgf! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

24 UGE/! 421/! KPCFOKUUKDKNKV[! CPF! FGRQTVCDKNKV[! QH!

25

FTWPM!FTKXGTU/!

26

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*)54*! qh! vjg! Kook.

27 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)54**! )cu!

28 cogpfgf!d{!vjku!Cev*!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

29

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )V*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf=!

2;

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

31

cv! vjg! gpf! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! cpf=! cpf!

32

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )W*! vjg! hqn.

33

nqykpi<!

34

)X*! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! eqpxkevkqp! hqt!

35

ftkxkpi! yjkng! kpvqzkecvgf! )kpenwfkpi! c! eqpxkevkqp!

36

hqt! ftkxkpi! yjkng! wpfgt! vjg! kphnwgpeg! qh! qt! ko.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1372 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11175 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 66 of 185

76!

2

rcktgf! d{! cneqjqn! qt! ftwiu*! ykvjqwv! tgictf! vq!

3

yjgvjgt! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! ku! encuukhkgf! cu! c! oku.

4

fgogcpqt! qt! hgnqp{! wpfgt! Uvcvg! ncy//!

5

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

6 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

7 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! crrn{! vq! eqpxkevkqpu! gpvgtgf! qp! qt! chvgt!

8 uwej!fcvg/!

9 UGE/!422/!FGVGPVKQP!QH!FCPIGTQWU!CNKGPU/!

;

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

21 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2342)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

22

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

23

kv! crrgctu-! gzegrv! hqt! vjg! hktuv! tghgtgpeg! kp! rctc.

24

itcrj! )5*)D*)k*-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

25

ncpf!Ugewtkv{=!

26

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctc.

27

itcrj! )D*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

28

)D*! D

/•Vjg! tg.

29

oqxcn! rgtkqf! dgikpu! qp! vjg! ncvguv! qh! vjg! hqn.

2;

nqykpi<!

31

)k*! Vjg! fcvg! vjg!qtfgt! qh!tgoqxcn! dg.

32

eqogu!cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{!hkpcn/!

33

)kk*! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv! kp! vjg! ewuvqf{!

34

qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjg! qtfgt! qh!

35

tgoqxcn!dgeqogu! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! hkpcn-! vjg!

36

fcvg! vjg! cnkgp! ku! vcmgp! kpvq! uwej! ewuvqf{/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1373 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11176 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 67 of 185

77!

2

)kkk*! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fgvckpgf! qt! eqp.

3

hkpgf! )gzegrv! wpfgt! cp! kookitcvkqp! rtqe.

4

guu*! qp! vjg! fcvg! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! dg.

5

eqogu! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! hkpcn-! vjg! fcvg! vjg!

6

cnkgp! ku! vcmgp! kpvq! vjg! ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Uge.

7

tgvct{-! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf! htqo! uwej!

8

fgvgpvkqp! qt! eqphkpgogpv/=!

9

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdrctc.

;

itcrj! )E*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqnnqyu<!

21

)E*!U

/•!

22

)k*! G

/•Vjg! tgoqxcn! rgtkqf!

23

ujcnn! dg! gzvgpfgf! dg{qpf! c! rgtkqf! qh! ;1!

24

fc{u! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{-! kp! vjg! Uge.

25

tgvct{u! uqng! fkuetgvkqp-! mggr! vjg! cnkgp! kp!

26

fgvgpvkqp! fwtkpi! uwej! gzvgpfgf! rgtkqf! kh•!

27

)K*! vjg! cnkgp! hcknu! qt! tghwugu! vq!

28

ocmg! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! ghhqtvu! vq! eqorn{!

29

ykvj! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! qt! vq! hwnn{! eq.

2;

qrgtcvg! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ghhqtvu! vq!

31

guvcdnkuj! vjg! cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf! ectt{!

32

qwv! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! kpenwfkpi! ocm.

33

kpi! vkogn{! crrnkecvkqp! kp! iqqf! hckvj!

34

hqt! vtcxgn! qt! qvjgt! fqewogpvu! pge.

35

guuct{! vq! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! qt! eqp.

36

urktgu! qt! cevu! vq! rtgxgpv! vjg! cnkgpu!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1374 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11177 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 68 of 185

78!

2

tgoqxcn! vjcv! ku! uwdlgev! vq! cp! qtfgt! qh!

3

tgoqxcn=!

4

)KK*! c! eqwtv-! vjg! Dqctf! qh! Kook.

5

itcvkqp! Crrgcnu-! qt! cp! kookitcvkqp!

6

lwfig! qtfgtu! c! uvc{! qh! tgoqxcn! qh! cp!

7

cnkgp! yjq! ku! uwdlgev! vq! cp! cfokpkuvtc.

8

vkxgn{! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn=!

9

)KKK*! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vtcpuhgtu!

;

ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! cnkgp! rwtuwcpv! vq! ncy!

21

vq! cpqvjgt! Hgfgtcn! cigpe{! qt! c! Uvcvg!

22

qt! nqecn! iqxgtpogpv! cigpe{! kp! eqppge.

23

vkqp! ykvj! vjg! qhhkekcn! fwvkgu! qh! uwej!

24

cigpe{=! qt!

25

)KX*! c! eqwtv! qt! vjg! Dqctf! qh!

26

Kookitcvkqp! Crrgcnu! qtfgtu! c! tgocpf!

27

vq! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig! qt! vjg! Dqctf!

28

qh! Kookitcvkqp! Crrgcnu-! fwtkpi! vjg!

29

vkog! rgtkqf! yjgp! vjg! ecug! ku! rgpfkpi!

2;

c! fgekukqp! qp! tgocpf! )ykvj! vjg! tg.

31

oqxcn! rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! cpgy! qp! vjg!

32

fcvg!vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! ku! qtfgtgf! tgoqxgf!

33

qp!tgocpf*/!

34

)kk*! T

/•Kh! vjg! tgoqxcn! rg.

35

tkqf! jcu! dggp! gzvgpfgf! wpfgt! encwug! )E*)k*-!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1375 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11178 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 69 of 185

79!

2

c! pgy! tgoqxcn! rgtkqf! ujcnn! dg! fggogf! vq!

3

jcxg! dgiwp! qp! vjg! fcvg•!

4

)K*! vjg! cnkgp! ocmgu! cnn! tgcuqp.

5

cdng! ghhqtvu! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! vjg! tg.

6

oqxcn! qtfgt-! qt! vq! hwnn{! eqqrgtcvg! ykvj!

7

vjg! Ugetgvct{u! ghhqtvu! vq! guvcdnkuj! vjg!

8

cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf! ectt{! qwv! vjg! tg.

9

oqxcn! qtfgt=!

;

)KK*! vjg! uvc{! qh! tgoqxcn! ku! pq!

21

nqpigt! kp! ghhgev=! qt!

22

)KKK*!vjg! cnkgp!ku!tgvwtpgf! vq!vjg!

23

ewuvqf{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{/!

24

)kkk*! O

!

25

/•Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp!

26

fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 347)e*)2*-! vjg! Uge.

27

tgvct{! ujcnn! mggr! vjcv! cnkgp! kp! fgvgpvkqp!

28

fwtkpi! vjg! gzvgpfgf! rgtkqf! fguetkdgf! kp!

29

encwug!)k*/!

2;

)kx*! U

/•Cp!

31

cnkgp! oc{! uggm! tgnkgh! htqo! fgvgpvkqp! wpfgt!

32

vjku! uwdrctcitcrj! qpn{! d{! hknkpi! cp! crrnk.

33

ecvkqp! hqt! c! ytkv! qh! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! kp! ce.

34

eqtfcpeg! ykvj! ejcrvgt! 264! qh! vkvng! 39-!

35

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg/! Pq! cnkgp! yjqug! rgtkqf!

36

qh! fgvgpvkqp! ku! gzvgpfgf! wpfgt! vjku! uwd.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1376 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11179 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 70 of 185

7;!

2

rctcitcrj! ujcnn! jcxg! vjg! tkijv! vq! uggm! tg.

3

ngcug!qp!dqpf/=!

4

)5*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*•!

5

)C*! d{! cffkpi! chvgt! Kh! vjg! cnkgp! fqgu! pqv!

6

ngcxg! qt! ku! pqv! tgoqxgf! ykvjkp! vjg! tgoqxcn! rg.

7

tkqf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! qt! ku! pqv! fgvckpgf! rwtuw.

8

cpv! vq! rctcitcrj! )7*! qh! vjku! uwdugevkqp=! cpf!

9

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )F*! cpf! kp.

;

ugtvkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

21

)F*! vq! qdg{! tgcuqpcdng! tguvtkevkqpu! qp! vjg!

22

cnkgpu! eqpfwev! qt! cevkxkvkgu! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

23

rtguetkdgu! hqt! vjg! cnkgp-! kp! qtfgt! vq! rtgxgpv! vjg!

24

cnkgp! htqo! cdueqpfkpi-! hqt! vjg! rtqvgevkqp! qh! vjg!

25

eqoowpkv{-!qt! hqt! qvjgt! rwtrqugu! tgncvgf! vq! vjg!

26

gphqtegogpv! qh! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu/=!

27

)6*! kp! rctcitcrj! )5*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj!

28

)3*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*=! cpf!

29

)7*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )7*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! vjg!

2;

hqnnqykpi<!

31

)7*! C

!

32

/•!

33

)C*! F

!

34

/•Hqt! cp!

35

cnkgp! yjq! ku! pqv! qvjgtykug! uwdlgev! vq! ocpfcvqt{!

36

fgvgpvkqp-! yjq! jcu! ocfg! cnn! tgcuqpcdng! ghhqtvu!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1377 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1117; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 71 of 185

81!

2

vq! eqorn{! ykvj! c! tgoqxcn! qtfgt! cpf! vq! eqqrgt.

3

cvg! hwnn{! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

4

tkv{u! ghhqtvu! vq! guvcdnkuj! vjg! cnkgpu! kfgpvkv{! cpf!

5

ectt{! qwv! vjg! tgoqxcn! qtfgt-! kpenwfkpi! ocmkpi!

6

vkogn{! crrnkecvkqp! kp! iqqf! hckvj! hqt! vtcxgn! qt!

7

qvjgt! fqewogpvu! pgeguuct{! vq! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrct.

8

vwtg-! cpf! yjq! jcu! pqv! eqpurktgf! qt! cevgf! vq!

9

rtgxgpv! tgoqxcn-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj!

;

cp! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! tgxkgy! rtqeguu! vq! fgvgtokpg!

21

yjgvjgt! vjg! cnkgp! ujqwnf! dg! fgvckpgf! qt! tgngcugf!

22

qp! eqpfkvkqpu/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! ocmg! c! fg.

23

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 79 of 185

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 80 of 185

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hnwgpeg! qt! korcktgf! d{! cneqjqn! qt! ftwiu*-! cp{!

9

vkog! chvgt! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf-! ykvjqwv! tgictf.

;

kpi! vq! yjgvjgt•!

21

)k*! cp! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf! tgncvgf! vq! cp{!

22

cevkxkv{-! qhhgpug-! qt! eqpxkevkqp! fguetkdgf! kp!

23

vjku! rctcitcrj=!

24

)kk*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgngcugf! qp! rctqng-!

25

uwrgtxkugf! tgngcug! qt! rtqdcvkqp=! qt!

26

)kkk*! vjg! cnkgp! oc{! dg! cttguvgf! qt! ko.

27

rtkuqpgf! cickp! hqt! vjg! ucog! qhhgpug/!

28

)D*! U

/•Kh! vjg! ce.

29

vkxkv{! fguetkdgf! kp! vjku! rctcitcrj! fqgu! pqv! tg.

2;

uwnv! kp! vjg! cnkgp! dgkpi! vcmgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{! d{!

31

cp{! rgtuqp! qvjgt! vjcp! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqog.

32

ncpf! Ugewtkv{-! vjgp! yjgp! vjg! cnkgp! ku! dtqwijv! vq!

33

vjg! cvvgpvkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qt! yjgp! vjg! Uge.

34

tgvct{! fgvgtokpgu! kv! ku! rtcevkecn! vq! vcmg! uwej!

35

cnkgp! kpvq! ewuvqf{-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! vcmg! uwej!

36

cnkgp!kpvq!ewuvqf{//!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 81 of 185

91!

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3

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2337*-!

4

cu! cogpfgf! d{! rctcitcrj! )3*-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{!

5

cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

6

)i*!T

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/•Cp! cnkgp! fgvckpgf! wpfgt!

8

uwdugevkqp! )c*! oc{! uggm! tgngcug! qp! dqpf/! Pq! dqpf!

9

oc{! dg! itcpvgf! gzegrv! vq! cp! cnkgp! yjq! guvcdnkujgu!

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d{! engct! cpf! eqpxkpekpi! gxkfgpeg! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv!

21

c! hnkijv! tkum! qt! c! tkum! vq! cpqvjgt! rgtuqp! qt! vjg! eqo.

22

owpkv{/!

23

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/•Pq! cnkgp!

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fgvckpgf! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )e*! oc{! uggm! tgngcug! qp!

25

dqpf//!

26

)6*! E

/•Ugevkqp! 347! qh!

27

vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

28

2337*! ku! cogpfgf•!

29

)C*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*)D*-! d{! uvtkmkpi!

2;

eqpfkvkqpcn! rctqng=! cpf! kpugtvkpi! tgeqi.

31

pk|cpeg==! cpf!

32

)D*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctqng!

33

cpf! kpugtvkpi! tgeqipk|cpeg/!

34

)e*! U

/•Kh! cp{! qh! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjku!

35 ugevkqp!qt!cp{!cogpfogpv!d{!vjku!ugevkqp-!qt!vjg!crrnkec.

36 vkqp!qh!cp{!uwej!rtqxkukqp!vq!cp{!rgtuqp!qt!ektewouvcpeg-!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1388 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 31<2;!Lwp!37-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11191 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 82 of 185

92!

2 ku!jgnf!vq!dg!kpxcnkf!hqt!cp{!tgcuqp-!vjg!tgockpfgt!qh!vjku!

3 ugevkqp!cpf!qh!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!d{!vjku!ugevkqp-!cpf!vjg!

4 crrnkecvkqp!qh!vjg!rtqxkukqpu!cpf!qh!vjg!cogpfogpvu!ocfg!

5 d{! vjku! ugevkqp! vq! cp{! qvjgt! rgtuqp! qt! ektewouvcpeg! ujcnn!

6 pqv!dg!chhgevgf!d{!uwej!jqnfkpi/!

7

)f*!G

F /•!

8

)2*! U

)c*/•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg!

9

d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! wrqp! vjg! fcvg! qh!

;

gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! cpf! ugevkqp! 352! qh! vjg! Kook.

21

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! uq! cogpfgf-! ujcnn! kp!

22

cffkvkqp! crrn{! vq•!

23

)C*! cnn! cnkgpu! uwdlgev! vq!c! hkpcn! cfokpkuvtc.

24

vkxg! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! qtfgt!

25

vjcv! ycu! kuuwgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh!

26

vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev=! cpf!

27

)D*! cevu! cpf! eqpfkvkqpu! qeewttkpi! qt! gzkuv.

28

kpi! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

29

)3*! U

)d*/•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg!

2;

d{! uwdugevkqp! )d*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! wrqp! vjg! fcvg! qh!

31

vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! cpf! ugevkqp! 347! qh! vjg!

32

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev-! cu! uq! cogpfgf-!

33

ujcnn! kp! cffkvkqp! crrn{! vq! cp{! cnkgp! kp! fgvgpvkqp!

34

wpfgt! rtqxkukqpu! qh! uwej! ugevkqp! qp! qt! chvgt! uwej!

35

fcvg/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1389 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 31<2;!Lwp!37-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11192 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 83 of 185

93! 2 UGE/! 423/! ITQWPFU! QH! KPCFOKUUKDKNKV[! CPF! FGRQTV.

3

CDKNKV[!HQT!CNKGP!ICPI!OGODGTU/!

4

)c*!F

IO

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5 qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

6 2212)c**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

7

)64*)C*!Vjg!vgto!etkokpcn!icpi!ogcpu!cp!qpiqkpi!

8 itqwr-!enwd-!qticpk|cvkqp-!qt!cuuqekcvkqp!qh!6!qt!oqtg!rgt.

9 uqpu!vjcv!jcu!cu!qpg!qh!kvu!rtkoct{!rwtrqugu!vjg!eqooku.

; ukqp! qh! 2! qt! oqtg! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi! etkokpcn! qhhgpugu! cpf!

21 vjg!ogodgtu!qh!yjkej!gpicig-!qt!jcxg!gpicigf!ykvjkp!vjg!

22 rcuv! 6! {gctu-! kp! c! eqpvkpwkpi! ugtkgu! qh! uwej! qhhgpugu-! qt!

23 vjcv! jcu! dggp! fgukipcvgf! cu! c! etkokpcn! icpi! d{! vjg! Uge.

24 tgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{-!kp!eqpuwnvcvkqp!ykvj!vjg!Cv.

25 vqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!cu!oggvkpi!vjgug!etkvgtkc/!Vjg!qhhgpugu!fg.

26 uetkdgf-! yjgvjgt! kp! xkqncvkqp! qh! Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! ncy! qt!

27 hqtgkip! ncy! cpf! tgictfnguu! qh! yjgvjgt! vjg! qhhgpugu! qe.

28 ewttgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh!

29 vjku!rctcitcrj-!ctg!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

2;

)k*! C! hgnqp{! ftwi! qhhgpug! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

31

vkqp! 213! qh! vjg! Eqpvtqnngf! Uwduvcpegu! Cev! )32!

32

W/U/E/! 913**/!

33

)kk*! Cp! qhhgpug! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 385! )tgncvkpi! vq!

34

dtkpikpi! kp! cpf! jctdqtkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu*-! ugevkqp!

35

388! )tgncvkpi! vq! ckfkpi! qt! cuukuvkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu! vq!

36

gpvgt! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu*-! qt! ugevkqp! 389! )tgncvkpi! vq!

37

korqtvcvkqp! qh! cnkgp! hqt! kooqtcn! rwtrqug*/!

•U! 2751! KU
1390 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11193 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 84 of 185

94!

2

)kkk*! C! etkog! qh! xkqngpeg! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

3

27! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg*/!

4

)kx*! C! etkog! kpxqnxkpi! qduvtwevkqp! qh! lwuvkeg-!

5

vcorgtkpi! ykvj! qt! tgvcnkcvkpi! cickpuv! c! ykvpguu-! xke.

6

vko-! qt! kphqtocpv-! qt! dwtinct{/!

7

)x*! Cp{! eqpfwev! rwpkujcdng! wpfgt! ugevkqpu!

8

2139! cpf! 213;! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tg.

9

ncvkpi! vq! htcwf! cpf! tgncvgf! cevkxkv{! kp! eqppgevkqp!

;

ykvj! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! fqewogpvu! qt! ceeguu! fgxkegu*-! uge.

21

vkqpu! 2692! vjtqwij! 26;5! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq!

22

rgqpcig-! uncxgt{! cpf! vtchhkemkpi! kp! rgtuqpu*-! ugevkqp!

23

2;63! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! kpvgtuvcvg! cpf! hqtgkip!

24

vtcxgn! qt! vtcpurqtvcvkqp! kp! ckf! qh! tcemgvggtkpi! gpvgt.

25

rtkugu*-! ugevkqp! 2;67! qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! vjg!

26

ncwpfgtkpi! qh! oqpgvct{! kpuvtwogpvu*-! ugevkqp! 2;68!

27

qh! uwej! vkvng! )tgncvkpi! vq! gpicikpi! kp! oqpgvct{! vtcpu.

28

cevkqpu! kp! rtqrgtv{! fgtkxgf! htqo! urgekhkgf! wpncyhwn!

29

cevkxkv{*-! qt! ugevkqpu! 3423! vjtqwij! 3426! qh! uwej! vkvng!

2;

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31

xgjkengu! qt! uvqngp! rtqrgtv{*/!

32

)xk*! C! eqpurktce{! vq! eqookv! cp! qhhgpug! fg.

33

uetkdgf! kp! encwugu! )k*! vjtqwij! )x*/!

34

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35 enwfkpi!cp{!ghhgevkxg!fcvg*-!vjg!vgto!crrnkgu!tgictfnguu!qh!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 85 of 185

95!

2 yjgvjgt!vjg!eqpfwev!qeewttgf!dghqtg-!qp-!qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!

3 qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!rctcitcrj//!

4

)d*!K

/•Ugevkqp!323)c*)3*!qh!uwej!Cev!

5 )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)3**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 413)c*)3*!

6 qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

7 hqnnqykpi<!

8

)Q*! C

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21

tkv{-! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! mpqyu! qt! jcu! tgc.

22

uqp!vq!dgnkgxg•!

23

)k*! vq! dg! qt! vq! jcxg! dggp! c! ogodgt!

24

qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

25

212)c*)64**=! qt!

26

)kk*! vq! jcxg! rctvkekrcvgf! kp! vjg! cevkxk.

27

vkgu! qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! uge.

28

vkqp! 212)c*)64**-! mpqykpi! qt! jcxkpi! tgcuqp!

29

vq! mpqy! vjcv! uwej! cevkxkvkgu! yknn! rtqoqvg-!

2;

hwtvjgt-! ckf-! qt! uwrrqtv! vjg! knngicn! cevkxkv{!

31

qh! vjg! etkokpcn! icpi//!

32

)e*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*! qh! vjg! Ko.

33 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**-! cu!

34 cogpfgf!d{!ugevkqp!413)e*!qh!vjku!Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf!

35 d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1392 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11195 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 86 of 185

96!

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4

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5

Igpgtcn! mpqyu! qt! jcu! tgcuqp! vq! dgnkgxg•!

6

)k*! ku! qt! jcu! dggp! c! ogodgt! qh! c!

7

etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

8

212)c*)64**=! qt!

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)kk*! jcu! rctvkekrcvgf! kp! vjg! cevkxkvkgu!

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qh! c! etkokpcn! icpi! )cu! uq! fghkpgf*-! mpqykpi!

21

qt! jcxkpi! tgcuqp! vq! mpqy! vjcv! uwej! cevkxk.

22

vkgu! yknn! rtqoqvg-! hwtvjgt-! ckf-! qt! uwrrqtv!

23

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24

)f*!F

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25

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26

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293*! ku!

27

cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! ugevkqp! 32;! vjg! hqn.

28

nqykpi<!

29

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31 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

32 Igpgtcn-!cpf!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg!oc{!fgukipcvg!c!itqwr!

33 qt! cuuqekcvkqp! cu! c! etkokpcn! uvtggv! icpi! kh! vjgkt! eqpfwev!

34 ku!fguetkdgf!kp!ugevkqp!212)c*)64*!qt!kh!vjg!itqwr!qt!cuuq.

35 ekcvkqp!eqpfwev!rqugu!c!ukipkhkecpv!tkum!vjcv!vjtgcvgpu!vjg!

36 ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg! rwdnke! uchgv{! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! pcvkqpcnu!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 87 of 185

97!

2 qt!vjg!pcvkqpcn!ugewtkv{-!jqogncpf!ugewtkv{-!hqtgkip!rqnke{-!

3 qt!geqpqo{!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

4

)d*! G

F /•Fgukipcvkqpu! wpfgt! uwd.

5 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! tgockp! kp! ghhgev! wpvkn! vjg! fgukipcvkqp! ku!

6 tgxqmgf!chvgt!eqpuwnvcvkqp!dgvyggp!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqog.

7 ncpf!Ugewtkv{-!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!cpf!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!

8 Uvcvg! qt! ku! vgtokpcvgf! kp! ceeqtfcpeg! ykvj! Hgfgtcn! ncy//!

9

)3*! E

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqp.

;

vgpvu! hqt! uwej! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! vjg!

21

kvgo! tgncvkpi! vq! ugevkqp! 32;! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

331/! Fgukipcvkqp//!

22

)g*! C

T

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23 U

IO

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24 gcej! {gct! )dgikppkpi! 2! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

25 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-!

26 chvgt! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! crrtqrtkcvg! Hgfgtcn! cigpekgu-!

27 ujcnn!uwdokv!vq!vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Ugp.

28 cvg! cpf! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Jqwug! qh!

29 Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu!c!tgrqtv!qp!vjg!pwodgt!qh!cnkgpu!fgvckpgf!

2; yjq! ctg! fguetkdgf! d{! uwdrctcitcrj! )Q*! qh! ugevkqp!

31 323)c*)3*! cpf! uwdrctcitcrj! )J*! qh! ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*! qh!

32 vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2293)c*)3*!

33 cpf!2338)c*)3**-!cu!cffgf!d{!uwdugevkqpu!)d*!cpf!)e*/!

34

)h*! C

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 88 of 185

98!

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3

/•Ugevkqp!

4

352)d*)4*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

5

Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2362)d*)4*)D**! ku! cogpfgf-! kp! vjg!

6

ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi! encwug! )k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! yjq! ku! fg.

7

uetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*)Q*)k*! qt! ugevkqp!

8

348)c*)3*)J*)k*! qt! yjq! ku! chvgt! vq! cp! cnkgp/!

9

)3*! K

/•Ugevkqp!

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319)d*)3*)C*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2269)d*)3*)C**!

21

)cu! cogpfgf! d{! vjku! Cev*! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf•!

22

)C*! kp! encwug! )x*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

23

gpf=!

24

)D*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! encwug! )xk*! cu! encwug!

25

)xkk*=! cpf!

26

)E*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! encwug! )x*! vjg! hqn.

27

nqykpi<!

28

)xk*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp!

29

323)c*)3*)Q*)k*! qt! ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*)J*)k*!

2;

)tgncvkpi! vq! rctvkekrcvkqp! kp! etkokpcn! uvtggv!

31

icpiu*=!qt/!

32

)i*! V

R

U /•Ugevkqp! 355!

33 qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2365c*!ku!cogpfgf•!

34

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej! rnceg!

35

kv! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.

36

ewtkv{=!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1395 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11198 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 89 of 185

99!

2

)3*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )e*)3*)D*•!

3

)C*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Uvcvgu-! qt!

4

cpf! kpugtvkpi! Uvcvgu==!

5

)D*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

6

cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

7

)E*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

8

)kkk*! vjg! cnkgp! ku-! qt! cv! cp{! vkog! jcu!

9

dggp-! cp! cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! ugevkqp!

;

323)c*)3*)Q*)k*!

qt!

ugevkqp!

21

348)c*)3*)J*)k*/=! cpf!

22

)4*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )f*•!

23

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )4*=! cpf!

24

)D*! kp! rctcitcrj! )5*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf!

25

vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.

26

ewtkv{! oc{! fgvckp! cp! cnkgp! rtqxkfgf! vgorqtct{!

27

rtqvgevgf! uvcvwu! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! yjgpgxgt!

28

crrtqrtkcvg! wpfgt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy//!

29

)j*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

2; vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

31 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-!

32 qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

33 UGE/!424/!GZVGPUKQP!QH!KFGPVKV[!VJGHV!QHHGPUGU/!

34

Ugevkqp! 2139C! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

35 cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1396 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 31<2;!Lwp!37-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11199 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 90 of 185

9;!

2

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OR T

/•Kp! c!

3 rtqugewvkqp!hqt!c!xkqncvkqp!qh!uwdugevkqp!)c*)2*!rtgfkecvgf!

4 qp!c!xkqncvkqp!fguetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)e*)3*-!)7*-!)8*-!);*-!

5 qt! )21*! qh! vjku! ugevkqp-! vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! pggf! pqv! rtqxg!

6 vjcv! vjg! fghgpfcpv! mpgy! vjg! ogcpu! qh! kfgpvkhkecvkqp! ycu!

7 qh!cpqvjgt!rgtuqp//!

8 UGE/!425/!NCWPFGTKPI!QH!OQPGVCT[!KPUVTWOGPVU/!

9

)c*! C

R

Q

/•Ugevkqp!

; 2;67)e*)8*)F*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku! cogpf.

21 gf•!

22

)2*! d{! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 26;1! )tgncvkpi! vq! vtch.

23

hkemkpi! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! rgqpcig-! uncxgt{-! kpxqnwpvct{!

24

ugtxkvwfg-! qt! hqtegf! ncdqt*-! chvgt! ugevkqp! 2474! )tg.

25

ncvkpi! vq! fguvtwevkqp! qh! rtqrgtv{! ykvjkp! vjg! urgekcn!

26

octkvkog! cpf! vgttkvqtkcn! lwtkufkevkqp*-=! cpf!

27

)3*! d{! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 385)c*! qh! vjg! Kook.

28

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2435)c**! )tg.

29

ncvkpi! vq! dtkpikpi! kp! cpf! jctdqtkpi! egtvckp! cnkgpu*-!

2;

chvgt! ugevkqp! 6;1! qh! vjg! Vctkhh! Cev! qh! 2;41! )2;!

31

W/U/E/! 26;1*! )tgncvkpi! vq! cxkcvkqp! uowiinkpi*-/!

32

)d*! K

VE

F

/•Ugevkqp!

33 2;67)c*!qh!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!ku!cogpfgf•!

34

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*! uq! vjcv! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*!

35

tgcfu! cu! hqnnqyu<!

36

)D*! mpqykpi! vjcv! vjg! vtcpucevkqp!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1397 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 31<2;!Lwp!37-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1119; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 91 of 185

;1!

2

)k*! eqpegcnu! qt! fkuiwkugu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq!

3

eqpegcn! qt! fkuiwkug-! vjg! pcvwtg-! uqwteg-! nqecvkqp-!

4

qypgtujkr-! qt! eqpvtqn! qh! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog!

5

hqto! qh! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{=! qt!

6

)kk*! cxqkfu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq! cxqkf-! c!

7

vtcpucevkqp! tgrqtvkpi! tgswktgogpv! wpfgt! Uvcvg!

8

qt! Hgfgtcn! ncy-=! cpf!

9

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*! uq! vjcv! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*!

;

tgcfu! cu! hqnnqyu<!

21

)D*! mpqykpi! vjcv! vjg! oqpgvct{! kpuvtwogpv! qt!

22

hwpfu! kpxqnxgf! kp! vjg! vtcpurqtvcvkqp-! vtcpuokuukqp-!

23

qt! vtcpuhgt! tgrtgugpv! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog! hqto! qh!

24

wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{-! cpf! mpqykpi! vjcv! uwej! vtcpurqt.

25

vcvkqp-!vtcpuokuukqp-!qt!vtcpuhgt•!

26

)k*! eqpegcnu! qt! fkuiwkugu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq!

27

eqpegcn! qt! fkuiwkug-! vjg! pcvwtg-! uqwteg-! nqecvkqp-!

28

qypgtujkr-! qt! eqpvtqn! qh! vjg! rtqeggfu! qh! uqog!

29

hqto! qh! wpncyhwn! cevkxkv{=! qt!

2;

)kk*! cxqkfu-! qt! ku! kpvgpfgf! vq! cxqkf-! c!

31

vtcpucevkqp! tgrqtvkpi! tgswktgogpv! wpfgt! Uvcvg!

32

qt! Hgfgtcn! ncy-/!

33 UGE/!426/!RGPCNVKGU!HQT!KNNGICN!GPVT[!QT!RTGUGPEG/!

34

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 386! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

35 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2436*! ku! cogpfgf! vq! tgcf!

36 cu!hqnnqyu<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1398 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;1 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 92 of 185

;2!

2

U /!386/!)c*!K I

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3

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/•Cp! cnkgp!

4

ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! rctc.

5

itcrj! )3*! kh! vjg! cnkgp•!

6

)C*! mpqykpin{! gpvgtu! qt! etquugu! vjg! dqt.

7

fgt! kpvq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cv! cp{! vkog! qt! rnceg!

8

qvjgt! vjcp! cu! fgukipcvgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

9

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

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)D*! mpqykpin{! gnwfgu-! cv! cp{! vkog! qt!

21

rnceg-! gzcokpcvkqp! qt! kpurgevkqp! d{! cp! cwvjqt.

22

k|gf! kookitcvkqp-! ewuvqou-! qt! citkewnvwtg! qhhk.

23

egt! )kpenwfkpi! d{! hcknkpi! vq! uvqr! cv! vjg! eqo.

24

ocpf! qh! uwej! qhhkegt*=!

25

)E*! mpqykpin{! gpvgtu! qt! etquugu! vjg! dqt.

26

fgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf-! wrqp! gzcokpcvkqp!

27

qt! kpurgevkqp-! mpqykpin{! ocmgu! c! hcnug! qt! oku.

28

ngcfkpi! tgrtgugpvcvkqp! qt! vjg! mpqykpi! eqpegcn.

29

ogpv! qh! c! ocvgtkcn! hcev! )kpenwfkpi! uwej! tgr.

2;

tgugpvcvkqp! qt! eqpegcnogpv! kp! vjg! eqpvgzv! qh! ct.

31

tkxcn-! tgrqtvkpi-! gpvt{-! qt! engctcpeg! tgswktg.

32

ogpvu! qh! vjg! ewuvqou! ncyu-! kookitcvkqp! ncyu-!

33

citkewnvwtg! ncyu-! qt! ujkrrkpi! ncyu*=!

34

)F*! mpqykpin{! xkqncvgu! vjg! vgtou! qt! eqp.

35

fkvkqpu! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! cfokuukqp! qt! rctqng! kpvq!

36

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! qt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1399 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;2 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 93 of 185

;3!

2

)G*! mpqykpin{! ku! wpncyhwnn{! rtgugpv! kp! vjg!

3

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! )cu! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp!

4

323)c*);*)D*)kk*! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! gzegrvkqpu! ugv!

5

hqtvj! kp! ugevkqp! 323)c*);*)D*)kkk**/!

6

)3*! E

/•Cp{! cnkgp! yjq!

7

xkqncvgu! cp{! rtqxkukqp! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )2*•!

8

)C*! ujcnn-! hqt! vjg! hktuv! xkqncvkqp-! dg! hkpgf!

9

wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf!

;

pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 7! oqpvju-! qt! dqvj=!

21

)D*! ujcnn-! hqt! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! xkq.

22

ncvkqp-! qt! hqnnqykpi! cp! qtfgt! qh! xqnwpvct{! fgrct.

23

vwtg-! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv!

24

oqtg! vjcp! 3! {gctu! )qt! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 7! oqpvju!

25

kp! vjg! ecug! qh! c! ugeqpf! qt! uwdugswgpv! xkqncvkqp!

26

qh! rctcitcrj! )2*)G**-! qt! dqvj=!

27

)E*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg!

28

cnkgp! jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! 4! qt! oqtg! oku.

29

fgogcpqtu! qt! hqt! c! hgnqp{-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt!

2;

uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 21! {gctu-!

31

qt! dqvj=!

32

)F*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg!

33

cnkgp! jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej!

34

vjg! cnkgp! tgegkxgf! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh!

35

pqv! nguu! vjcp! 41! oqpvju-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1400 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 31<2;!Lwp!37-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;3 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 94 of 185

;4!

2

uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 26! {gctu-!

3

qt! dqvj=! cpf!

4

)G*! kh! vjg! xkqncvkqp! qeewttgf! chvgt! vjg!

5

cnkgp! jcf! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! hgnqp{! hqt! yjkej!

6

vjg! cnkgp! tgegkxgf! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh!

7

pqv! nguu! vjcp! 71! oqpvju-! uwej! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg!

8

hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg!

9

vjcp! 31! {gctu-! qt! dqvj/!

;

)4*! R

/•Vjg! rtkqt! eqpxke.

21

vkqpu! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*! vjtqwij! )G*! qh!

22

rctcitcrj! )3*! ctg! gngogpvu!qh! vjg! qhhgpugu! fguetkdgf!

23

cpf! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! kp! uwej! uwdrctcitcrju! ujcnn! crrn{!

24

qpn{! kp! ecugu! kp! yjkej! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! qt! eqpxkevkqpu!

25

vjcv! hqto! vjg! dcuku! hqt! vjg! cffkvkqpcn! rgpcnv{! ctg•!

26

)C*! cnngigf! kp! vjg! kpfkevogpv! qt! kphqtoc.

27

vkqp=! cpf!

28

)D*! rtqxgp! dg{qpf! c! tgcuqpcdng! fqwdv! cv!

29

vtkcn! qt! cfokvvgf! d{! vjg! fghgpfcpv/!

2;

)5*! F

/•Cp! qhhgpug!

31

wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp! eqpvkpwgu! wpvkn! vjg! cnkgp! ku! fku.

32

eqxgtgf!ykvjkp!vjg! Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!d{!cp! kookitcvkqp-!

33

ewuvqou-! qt! citkewnvwtg! qhhkegt/!

34

)6*! C

/•Yjqgxgt! cvvgorvu! vq! eqookv!

35

cp{! qhhgpug! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! ujcnn! dg! rwpkujgf! kp!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1401 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!111;4 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 95 of 185

;5!

2

vjg! ucog! ocppgt! cu! hqt! c! eqorngvkqp! qh! uwej! qh.

3

hgpug/!

4

)d*! K

V

R =! E R .

5

/•Cp{!cnkgp!yjq!ku!crrtgjgpfgf!yjkng!gpvgtkpi-!cv.

6 vgorvkpi!vq!gpvgt-!qt!mpqykpin{!etquukpi!qt!cvvgorvkpi!vq!

7 etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cv! c! vkog! qt! rnceg!

8 qvjgt! vjcp! cu! fgukipcvgf! d{! kookitcvkqp! qhhkegtu! ujcnn! dg!

9 uwdlgev! vq! c! ekxkn! rgpcnv{-! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! cp{! etkokpcn! qt!

; qvjgt!ekxkn!rgpcnvkgu!vjcv!oc{!dg!korqugf!wpfgt!cp{!qvjgt!

21 rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!kp!cp!coqwpv!gswcn!vq•!

22

)2*! pqv! nguu! vjcp! %61! qt! oqtg! vjcp! %361! hqt!

23

gcej! uwej! gpvt{-! etquukpi-! cvvgorvgf! gpvt{-! qt! cv.

24

vgorvgf! etquukpi=! qt!

25

)3*! vykeg! vjg! coqwpv! urgekhkgf! kp! rctcitcrj!

26

)2*! kh! vjg! cnkgp! jcf! rtgxkqwun{! dggp! uwdlgev! vq! c! ekxkn!

27

rgpcnv{! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp//!

28

)d*! E

C

/•Vjg! vcdng! qh! eqpvgpvu!

29 hqt! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

2; uvtkmkpi!vjg!kvgo!tgncvkpi!vq!ugevkqp!386!cpf!kpugtvkpi!vjg!

31 hqnnqykpi<!

Uge/!386/ Knngicn!gpvt{!qt!rtgugpeg//!

32 UGE/!427/!KNNGICN!TGGPVT[/!

33

Ugevkqp! 387! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev!

34 )9!W/U/E/!2437*!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 96 of 185

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4 cnkgp! yjq! jcu! dggp! fgpkgf! cfokuukqp-! gzenwfgf-! fgrqtvgf-!

5 qt! tgoqxgf-! qt! yjq! jcu! fgrctvgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! yjkng!

6 cp! qtfgt! qh! gzenwukqp-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! tgoqxcn! ku! qwv.

7 uvcpfkpi-! cpf! uwdugswgpvn{! gpvgtu-! cvvgorvu! vq! gpvgt-!

8 etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! cvvgorvu! vq! etquu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! qt!

9 ku! cv! cp{! vkog! hqwpf! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf!

; wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg!

21 vjcp!3!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

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23 ykvjuvcpfkpi! vjg!rgpcnv{!rtqxkfgf! kp!uwdugevkqp! )c*-!kh!cp!

24 cnkgp! fguetkdgf! kp! vjcv! uwdugevkqp! ycu! eqpxkevgf! dghqtg!

25 uwej!tgoqxcn!qt!fgrctvwtg•!

26

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27

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28

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29

dqvj=!

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31

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32

41! oqpvju-! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! uwej! vkvng-!

33

kortkuqpgf! pqv! nguu! vjcp! 3! {gctu! cpf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp!

34

26! {gctu-! qt! dqvj=!

35

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36

vgpegf! vq! c! vgto! qh! kortkuqpogpv! qh! pqv! nguu! vjcp!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 97 of 185

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4

31! {gctu-! qt! dqvj=! qt!

5

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7

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8

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22 cnkgp! yjq! jcu! dggp! fgpkgf! cfokuukqp-! gzenwfgf-! fgrqtvgf-!

23 qt! tgoqxgf! 4! qt! oqtg! vkogu! cpf! vjgtgchvgt! gpvgtu-! cv.

24 vgorvu! vq! gpvgt-! etquugu! vjg! dqtfgt! vq-! cvvgorvu! vq! etquu!

25 vjg!dqtfgt!vq-!qt!ku!cv!cp{!vkog!hqwpf!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!

26 ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! kortku.

27 qpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!21!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

28

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29 eqpxkevkqpu!fguetkdgf!kp!uwdugevkqp!)d*!ctg!gngogpvu!qh!vjg!

2; etkogu!fguetkdgf-!cpf!vjg!rgpcnvkgu!kp!vjcv!uwdugevkqp!ujcnn!

31 crrn{! qpn{! kp! ecugu! kp! yjkej! vjg! eqpxkevkqp! qt! eqpxkevkqpu!

32 vjcv!hqto!vjg!dcuku!hqt!vjg!cffkvkqpcn!rgpcnv{!ctg•!

33

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cpf!

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36

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 98 of 185

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3 hktocvkxg!fghgpug!vq!c!xkqncvkqp!qh!vjku!ugevkqp!vjcv•!

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6

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28 wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp-!cp!cnkgp!oc{!pqv!ejcnngpig!vjg!xcnkfkv{!

29 qh!cp{!rtkqt!tgoqxcn!qtfgt!eqpegtpkpi!vjg!cnkgp/!

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32 oqxgf!rwtuwcpv!vq!ugevkqp!352)c*)5*!yjq!gpvgtu-!cvvgorvu!

33 vq!gpvgt-!etquugu!vjg!dqtfgt!vq-!cvvgorvu!vq!etquu!vjg!dqt.

34 fgt!vq-!qt!ku!cv!cp{!vkog!hqwpf!kp-!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!ujcnn!

35 dg! kpectegtcvgf! hqt! vjg! tgockpfgt! qh! vjg! ugpvgpeg! qh! ko.

36 rtkuqpogpv!yjkej!ycu! rgpfkpi! cv! vjg! vkog! qh!fgrqtvcvkqp!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 99 of 185

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2 ykvjqwv!cp{!tgfwevkqp!hqt!rctqng!qt!uwrgtxkugf!tgngcug!wp.

3 nguu! vjg! cnkgp! chhktocvkxgn{! fgoqpuvtcvgu! vjcv! vjg! Uge.

4 tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu! gzrtguun{! eqpugpvgf! vq!

5 vjg! cnkgpu! tggpvt{/! Uwej! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! uwdlgev! vq! uwej!

6 qvjgt! rgpcnvkgu! tgncvkpi! vq! vjg! tggpvt{! qh! tgoqxgf! cnkgpu!

7 cu!oc{!dg!cxckncdng!wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp!qt!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxk.

8 ukqp!qh!ncy/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 100 of 185

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21 gf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

22 EJCRVGT!86RCUURQTVU!CPF!XKUCU!

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23 ¨ 2652/!Kuuwcpeg!ykvjqwv!cwvjqtkv{!

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27

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29

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UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 101 of 185

211!

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3

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4 ujcnn!dg!hkpgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!qt!kortkuqpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!

5 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

6

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7 ogcpu!c!Uvcvg!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!vjg!Fkuvtkev!qh!Eqnwo.

8 dkc-!cpf!cp{!eqooqpygcnvj-!vgttkvqt{-!qt!rquuguukqp!qh!vjg!

9 Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

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21

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25

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26

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27

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28

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29

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2;

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31

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32

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33 ujcnn!dg!hkpgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!qt!kortkuqpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!

34 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

35 ¨ 2654/!Hqtigt{!qt!hcnug!wug!qh!rcuurqtv!

36

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 102 of 185

212!

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4

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5

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7

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21

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22

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23 ujcnn!dg!hkpgf!wpfgt!vjku!vkvng!qt!kortkuqpgf!pqv!oqtg!vjcp!

24 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

25 ¨ 2655/!Okuwug!qh!c!rcuurqtv!

26

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27

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28

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32

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33

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34

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 103 of 185

213!

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6

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7 ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vjku! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp!

8 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

9 ¨ 2656/!Uejgogu!vq!fghtcwf!cnkgpu!

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21 kpvgtuvcvg! qt! hqtgkip! eqoogteg-! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! cp{!

22 ocvvgt!vjcv!ku!cwvjqtk|gf!d{!qt!ctkugu!wpfgt!vjg!kookitc.

23 vkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!qt!cp{!ocvvgt!vjg!qhhgpfgt!

24 enckou! qt! tgrtgugpvu! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! d{! qt! ctkugu! wpfgt! vjg!

25 kookitcvkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu-!mpqykpin{!gzgewvgu!

26 c!uejgog!qt!ctvkhkeg•!

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31 ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vjku! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp!

32 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

33 ¨ 2657/!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!xkuc!htcwf!

34

Yjqgxgt!mpqykpin{!

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36

fgukipgf! hqt! vjg! wug! qh! cpqvjgt=!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 104 of 185

214!

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4

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5

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6

tkcnn{! hcnug! uvcvgogpv! qt! tgrtgugpvcvkqp=!

7

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8

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9

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vgtgf-! hcnugn{! ocfg-! uvqngp-! rtqewtgf! d{! htcwf-! qt!

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rtqfwegf! qt! kuuwgf! ykvjqwv! ncyhwn! cwvjqtkv{=!

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23

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24

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25

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26

hqt! wug! d{! c! rgtuqp! qvjgt! vjcp! vjg! rgtuqp! hqt! yjqo!

27

vjg! kookitcvkqp! fqewogpv! ycu! kuuwgf! qt! fgukipgf=!

28

qt!

29

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2;

ykvjqwv! ncyhwn! cwvjqtkv{-! cp! kookitcvkqp! fqewogpv=!

31 ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vjku! vkvng-! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg! vjcp!

32 26!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

33 ¨ 2658/!Cvvgorvu!cpf!eqpurktcekgu!

34

Yjqgxgt! cvvgorvu! qt! eqpurktgu! vq! xkqncvg! vjku! ejcr.

35 vgt!ujcnn!dg!rwpkujgf!kp!vjg!ucog!ocppgt!cu!c!rgtuqp!yjq!

36 eqorngvgu!vjcv!xkqncvkqp/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 105 of 185

215! 2 ¨ 2659/!Cnvgtpcvkxg!rgpcnvkgu!hqt!egtvckp!qhhgpugu!

3

)c*! V

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4 vjku! ejcrvgt! vq! hceknkvcvg!cp! cev! qh! kpvgtpcvkqpcn! vgttqtkuo!

5 qt!fqoguvke!vgttqtkuo!)cu!uwej!vgtou!ctg!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!

6 3442*-! ujcnn! dg! hkpgf! wpfgt! vjku! vkvng! qt! kortkuqpgf! pqv!

7 oqtg!vjcp!36!{gctu-!qt!dqvj/!

8

)d*! F V

Q

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9 ncvgu! cp{! ugevkqp! kp! vjku! ejcrvgt! vq! hceknkvcvg! c! ftwi! vtch.

; hkemkpi!etkog!)cu!fghkpgf!kp!ugevkqp!;3;)c**!ujcnn!dg!hkpgf!

21 wpfgt! vjku!vkvng!qt! kortkuqpgf! pqv! oqtg!vjcp!31! {gctu-! qt!

22 dqvj/!

23 ¨ 265;/!Fghkpkvkqpu!

24

Kp!vjku!ejcrvgt<!

25

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26

rqtv! kpenwfgu! cp{! fqewogpv-! rjqvqitcrj-! qt! qvjgt!

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rkgeg! qh! gxkfgpeg! cvvcejgf! vq! qt! uwdokvvgf! kp! uwrrqtv!

28

qh! vjg! crrnkecvkqp/!

29

)3*! Vjg! vgto! kookitcvkqp! fqewogpv! ogcpu!

2;

cp{! kpuvtwogpv! qp! yjkej! ku! tgeqtfgf-! d{! ogcpu! qh!

31

ngvvgtu-! hkiwtgu-! qt! octmu-! ocvvgtu! yjkej! oc{! dg!

32

wugf! vq! hwnhknn! cp{! tgswktgogpv! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

33

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev//!

34 UGE/!429/!HQTHGKVWTG/!

35

Ugevkqp! ;92)c*)2*! qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! ku!

36 cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 106 of 185

216!

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3

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4

c! xkqncvkqp! qh! ejcrvgt! 86-! vjg! itquu! rtqeggfu! qh! uwej!

5

xkqncvkqp-! cpf! cp{! rtqrgtv{! vtcegcdng! vq! cp{! uwej!

6

rtqrgtv{! qt! rtqeggfu//!

7 UGE/!42;/!GZRGFKVGF!TGOQXCN!HQT!CNKGPU!KPCFOKUUKDNG!

8

QP!ETKOKPCN!QT!UGEWTKV[!ITQWPFU/!

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; vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9! W/U/E/!2339)d**!ku!cogpfgf!

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22

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23

ugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! vjg!

24

gzgtekug!qh!fkuetgvkqp=!cpf!

25

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26

ugevkqp! qt! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjku! uwd.

27

ugevkqp-! kp! nkgw! qh! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt=!

28

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj!

29

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2;

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31

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32

kv! crrgctu! kp! rctcitcrju! )4*! cpf! )5*! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

33

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=!

34

)5*! kp! rctcitcrj! )6*•!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1413 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11216 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 107 of 185

217!

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3

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4

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5

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6

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7

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9

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;

cp{! rtqeggfkpi=!

21

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22

)6*! cu! rctcitcrju! )5*-! )6*-! cpf! )7*-! tgurgevkxgn{=! cpf!

23

)7*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )3*! vjg! hqn.

24

nqykpi! pgy! rctcitcrj<!

25

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26

vjg! gzgtekug! qh! fkuetgvkqp! oc{! fgvgtokpg! kpcfoku.

27

ukdknkv{! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*! )tgncvkpi! vq! etkokpcn!

28

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29

itqwpfu*! cpf! kuuwg! cp! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq!

2;

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31

tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351-! ykvj! tgurgev!

32

vq! cp! cnkgp! yjq•!

33

)C*! jcu! pqv! dggp! cfokvvgf! qt! rctqngf=!

34

)D*! jcu! pqv! dggp! hqwpf! vq! jcxg! c! etgfkdng!

35

hgct! qh! rgtugewvkqp! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg! rtqegfwtgu!

36

ugv! hqtvj! kp! ugevkqp! 346)d*)2*)D*=! cpf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1414 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 31<2;!Lwp!37-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11217 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 108 of 185

218!

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3

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5 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

6 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! dwv! ujcnn! pqv! crrn{! vq! cnkgpu! yjq! ctg!

7 kp!tgoqxcn!rtqeggfkpiu!wpfgt!ugevkqp!351!qh!vjg!Kookitc.

8 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!cu!qh!uwej!fcvg/!

9 UGE/! 431/! KPETGCUGF! RGPCNVKGU! DCTTKPI! VJG! CFOKU.

;

UKQP! QH! EQPXKEVGF! UGZ! QHHGPFGTU! HCKN.

21

KPI!VQ!TGIKUVGT!CPF!TGSWKTKPI!FGRQTVC.

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VKQP! QH! UGZ! QHHGPFGTU! HCKNKPI! VQ! TGI.

23

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25 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

26 2293)c*)3*)C*)k**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{! ugevkqp! 413)c*! qh! vjku!

27 Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

28

)2*! kp! uwdencwug! )KK*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

29

gpf=!

2;

)3*! kp! uwdencwug! )KKK*-! d{! cffkpi! qt! cv! vjg!

31

gpf=!cpf!

32

)4*! d{! kpugtvkpi! chvgt! uwdencwug! )KKK*! vjg! hqn.

33

nqykpi<!

34

)KX*! c! xkqncvkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 3361!

35

qh! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg! )tgncv.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 109 of 185

219!

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3

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5 )9!W/U/E/!2338)c*)3**-!cu!cogpfgf!d{!ugevkqpu!413)e*!cpf!

6 422)e*!qh!vjku!Cev-!ku!hwtvjgt!cogpfgf•!

7

)2*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! encwug! )x*=!

8

cpf!

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24

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25

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26

ugz! qhhgpfgt*! ku! fgrqtvcdng//!

27

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28 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

29 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cevu! vjcv! qeewt! dghqtg-! qp-!

2; qt!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

31 UGE/! 432/! RTQVGEVKPI! KOOKITCPVU! HTQO! EQPXKEVGF!

32

UGZ!QHHGPFGTU/!

33

)c*!K

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34 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2265)c*)2**-!ku!cogpf.

35 gf•!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 110 of 185

21;!

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4

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5 Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! yjq! jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! cp! qhhgpug! fg.

6 uetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! )K*-! qt! )M*! qh! ugevkqp!

7 212)c*)54*! qt! cp{! qhhgpug! fghkpgf! kp! ugevkqp! 222! qh! vjg!

8 Cfco!Ycnuj!Ejknf!Rtqvgevkqp!cpf!Uchgv{!Cev!qh!3117!)53!

9 W/U/E/! 27;22*-! wpnguu! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

; tkv{-! kp! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! uqng! cpf! wptgxkgycdng! fkuetgvkqp-!

21 fgvgtokpgu!vjcv!vjg!ekvk|gp!rqugu!pq!tkum!vq!vjg!cnkgp!ykvj!

22 tgurgev!vq!yjqo!c!rgvkvkqp!fguetkdgf!kp!encwug!)k*!ku!hkngf/=!

23 cpf!

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26

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27

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28

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2; cnkgp!cfokvvgf!hqt!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpeg!yjq!jcu!dggp!eqp.

31 xkevgf! qh! cp! qhhgpug! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! )K*-!

32 qt! )M*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)54*-! wpnguu! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

33 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! vjg! Ugetgvct{u! uqng! cpf!

34 wptgxkgycdng!fkuetgvkqp-!fgvgtokpgu!vjcv!vjg!cnkgp!ncyhwnn{!

35 cfokvvgf! hqt! rgtocpgpv! tgukfgpeg! rqugu! pq! tkum! vq! vjg!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 111 of 185

221!

2 cnkgp! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjqo! c! rgvkvkqp! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

3 encwug!)K*!ku!hkngf//!

4

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5 uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c*)26*)M**-!ku!cogpfgf!d{!uvtkm.

6 kpi!315)c*)2*)C*)xkkk*)K**!gcej!rnceg!uwej!vgto!crrgctu!

7 cpf!kpugtvkpi!315)c*)2*)C*)xkkk**/!

8

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9 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

; qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! rgvkvkqpu! hkngf! qp! qt! chvgt!

21 uwej!fcvg/!

22 UGE/!433/!RGPCNVKGU!HQT!HCKNWTG!VQ!QDG[!TGOQXCN!QT.

23

FGTU/!

24

)c*! K I

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25 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2364)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

26

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qh! rctcitcrj! )2*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! 323)c*! qt! dghqtg!

28

348)c*-=!cpf!

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2;

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F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

31 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

32 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!cpf!ujcnn!crrn{!vq!cevu!vjcv!ctg!fguetkdgf!

33 kp!uwdrctcitcrju!)C*!vjtqwij!)F*!qh!ugevkqp!354)c*)2*!qh!

34 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

35 2364)c*)2**! vjcv! qeewt! qp! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

36 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1418 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11221 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 112 of 185

2 UGE/!434/!RCTFQPU/!

222!

3

)c*!F

/•Ugevkqp!212)c*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!

4 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c**-! cu! cogpfgf! d{!

5 ugevkqp! 423)c*! qh! vjku! Cev-! ku! hwtvjgt! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi!

6 cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

7

)65*! Vjg! vgto! rctfqp! ogcpu! c! hwnn! cpf! wpeqpfk.

8 vkqpcn! rctfqp! itcpvgf! d{! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf!

9 Uvcvgu-! Iqxgtpqt! qh! cp{! qh! vjg! ugxgtcn! Uvcvgu! qt! eqpuvkvw.

; vkqpcnn{!tgeqipk|gf!dqf{//!

21

)d*! F

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9!

22 W/U/E/!2338)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

23

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! encwug! )xk*=!

24

cpf!

25

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

26

)9*! R

/•Kp! vjg! ecug! qh! cp! cnkgp! yjq!

27

jcu! dggp! eqpxkevgf! qh! c! etkog! cpf! ku! uwdlgev! vq! tg.

28

oqxcn! fwg! vq! vjcv! eqpxkevkqp-! kh! vjg! cnkgp-! uwdugswgpv!

29

vq! tgegkxkpi! vjg! etkokpcn! eqpxkevkqp-! ku! itcpvgf! c!

2;

rctfqp-! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! pqv! dg! fgrqtvcdng! d{! tgcuqp!

31

qh! vjcv! etkokpcn! eqpxkevkqp//!

32

)e*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

33 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

34 qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! c! rctfqp! itcpvgf! dghqtg-!

35 qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1419 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11222 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 113 of 185

223! 2 UGE/!435/!EQPXKEVKQPU/!

3

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 323)c*)3*! qh! vjg! Kook.

4 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)c*)3**! ku!

5 cogpfgf!d{!cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi!uwdrctcitcrj<!

6

)L*! E

/•!

7

)k*! K

/•Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh!

8

fgvgtokpkpi! yjgvjgt! cp! wpfgtn{kpi! etkok.

9

pcn! qhhgpug! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! itqwpf! qh! kpcf.

;

okuukdknkv{! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp-! cnn! uvcv.

21

wvgu! qt! eqooqp! ncy! qhhgpugu! ctg! fkxkukdng!

22

uq!nqpi! cu! cp{! qh! vjg!eqpfwev! gpeqorcuugf!

23

d{! vjg! uvcvwvg! eqpuvkvwvgu! cp! qhhgpug! vjcv!

24

ku! c! itqwpf! qh! kpcfokuukdknkv{/!

25

)kk*! Q

/•Kh! vjg! eqp.

26

xkevkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! guvcdnkuj!

27

yjgvjgt! c! etkog! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! itqwpf! qh! kp.

28

cfokuukdknkv{-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt! vjg!

29

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! eqp.

2;

ukfgt! qvjgt! gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxke.

31

vkqp! vjcv! engctn{! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg! eqp.

32

fwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf! eqp.

33

uvkvwvgu! c! itqwpf! qh! kpcfokuukdknkv{//!

34

)d*! E

Q

/•Ugevkqp! 348)c*)3*! qh! vjg!

35 Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)3**!

36 ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi! uwdrctc.

37 itcrj<!

•U! 2751! KU
1420 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11223 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 114 of 185

224!

2

)I*! E

/•!

3

)k*! K

/•Hqt! rwtrqugu! qh!

4

fgvgtokpkpi! yjgvjgt! cp! wpfgtn{kpi! etkok.

5

pcn! qhhgpug! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! itqwpf! qh! fgrqtv.

6

cdknkv{! wpfgt! vjku! uwdugevkqp-! cnn! uvcvwvgu! qt!

7

eqooqp! ncy! qhhgpugu! ctg! fkxkukdng! uq! nqpi!

8

cu! cp{! qh! vjg! eqpfwev! gpeqorcuugf! d{! vjg!

9

uvcvwvg! eqpuvkvwvgu! cp! qhhgpug! vjcv! ku! c!

;

itqwpf! qh! fgrqtvcdknkv{/!

21

)kk*! Q

/•Kh! vjg! eqp.

22

xkevkqp! tgeqtfu! fq! pqv! eqpenwukxgn{! guvcdnkuj!

23

yjgvjgt! c! etkog! eqpuvkvwvgu! c! itqwpf! qh!

24

fgrqtvcdknkv{-! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! qt! vjg!

25

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! eqp.

26

ukfgt! qvjgt! gxkfgpeg! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! eqpxke.

27

vkqp! vjcv! engctn{! guvcdnkujgu! vjcv! vjg! eqp.

28

fwev! hqt! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! ycu! gpicigf! eqp.

29

uvkvwvgu! c! itqwpf! qh! fgrqtvcdknkv{//!

2;

)e*! H

U

K

!

31 R

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*)59*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

32 Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)59**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

33 cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi!uwdrctcitcrj<!

34

)E*! Cp{! oqfkhkecvkqp-! enctkhkecvkqp-! xcecvwt-! qt! cp{!

35 qvjgt!uwej!ukoknct!cevkqp!ykvj!tgurgev!vq!cp!cnkgpu!eqpxke.

36 vkqp-! qvjgt! vjcp! c! hwnn! cpf! eqorngvg! rctfqp-! ocfg! chvgt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1421 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11224 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 115 of 185

225!

2 vjg!kpkvkcvkqp!qh!cp{!rtqeggfkpiu!vq!tgoqxg!vjg!cnkgp!htqo!

3 vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn! jcxg! pq! ghhgev! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu!

4 qh!vjku!Cev//!

5 VKVNG!KXXKUC!UGEWTKV[!

6 UGE/!512/!ECPEGNNCVKQP!QH!CFFKVKQPCN!XKUCU/!

7

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 333)i*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

8 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2313)i**!ku!cogpfgf•!

9

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*•!

;

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! cpf! kp.

21

ugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{=! cpf!

22

)D*! d{! kpugtvkpi! cpf! cp{! qvjgt! pqp.

23

kookitcpv! xkuc! kuuwgf! d{! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vjcv!

24

ku! kp! vjg! rquuguukqp! qh! vjg! cnkgp! chvgt! uwej!

25

xkuc=!cpf!

26

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! )qvjgt!

27

vjcp! vjg! xkuc! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2**! kuuwgf! kp!

28

c!eqpuwnct! qhhkeg!nqecvgf!kp!vjg!eqwpvt{!qh!vjg!cnkgpu!

29

pcvkqpcnkv{! cpf! kpugtvkpi! )qvjgt! vjcp! c! xkuc! fg.

2;

uetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj! )2**! kuuwgf! kp! c! eqpuwnct! qhhkeg!

31

nqecvgf! kp! vjg! eqwpvt{! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! pcvkqpcnkv{! qt!

32

hqtgkip!tgukfgpeg/!

33

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

34 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

35 ogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! c! xkuc! kuuwgf! dghqtg-!

36 qp-!qt!chvgt!uwej!fcvg/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1422 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11225 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 116 of 185

226! 2 UGE/!513/!XKUC!KPHQTOCVKQP!UJCTKPI/!

3

)c*!K I

/•Ugevkqp!333)h*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!

4 cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2313)h*)3**! ku! cogpfgf•!

5

)2*! d{! uvtkmkpi! kuuwcpeg! qt! tghwucn! cpf! kpugtv.

6

kpi! kuuwcpeg-! tghwucn-! qt! tgxqecvkqp=!

7

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! kp! vjg! ocvvgt! rtgegfkpi!

8

uwdrctcitcrj! )C*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf! qp! vjg! dcuku! qh!

9

tgekrtqekv{=!

;

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)C*•!

21

)C*! d{! kpugtvkpi! )k*! chvgt! hqt! vjg! rwt.

22

rqug! qh=! cpf!

23

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! knnkekv! ygcrqpu=! qt! cpf!

24

kpugtvkpi! knnkekv! ygcrqpu-! qt! )kk*! fgvgtokpkpi! c!

25

rgtuqpu! fgrqtvcdknkv{! qt! gnkikdknkv{! hqt! c! xkuc-!

26

cfokuukqp-! qt! qvjgt! kookitcvkqp! dgpghkv==!

27

)5*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*)D*•!

28

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! hqt! vjg! rwtrqugu! cpf! kp.

29

ugtvkpi! hqt! qpg! qh! vjg! rwtrqugu=! cpf!

2;

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! vq! fgp{! xkucu! vq! rgt.

31

uqpu! yjq! yqwnf! dg! kpcfokuukdng! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf!

32

Uvcvgu/! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

33

)6*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

34

hqnnqykpi<!

35

)E*!ykvj!tgictf! vq!cp{!qt! cnn! cnkgpu! kp!vjg!

36

fcvcdcug! urgekhkgf! fcvc! gngogpvu! htqo! gcej!

37

tgeqtf-! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! fgvgtokpgu! vjcv!

•U! 2751! KU
1423 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11226 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 117 of 185

227!

2

kv! ku! kp! vjg! pcvkqpcn! kpvgtguv! vq! rtqxkfg! uwej! kp.

3

hqtocvkqp! vq! c! hqtgkip! iqxgtpogpv//!

4

)d*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

5 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! 71! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh!

6 vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjg!Cev/!

7 UGE/!514/!TGUVTKEVKPI!YCKXGT!QH!XKUC!KPVGTXKGYU/!

8

Ugevkqp! 333)j*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

9 Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2313)j*)2*)D**!ku!cogpfgf•!

;

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)E*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! -! kp! eqp.

21

uwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-!

22

chvgt! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{=!

23

)3*! kp! rctcitcrj! )2*)E*)k*-! d{! kpugtvkpi! -!

24

yjgtg! uwej! pcvkqpcn! kpvgtguv! ujcnn! pqv! kpenwfg! hceknk.

25

vcvkqp! qh! vtcxgn! qh! hqtgkip! pcvkqpcnu! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf!

26

Uvcvgu-! tgfwevkqp! qh! xkuc! crrnkecvkqp! rtqeguukpi!

27

vkogu-! qt! vjg! cnnqecvkqp! qh! eqpuwnct! tguqwtegu! dghqtg!

28

vjg! ugokeqnqp! cv! vjg! gpf=! cpf!

29

)4*! kp! rctcitcrj! )3*•!

2;

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! qt! cv! vjg! gpf! qh! uwdrctc.

31

itcrj! )G*=!

32

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! cv! vjg! gpf! qh!

33

uwdrctcitcrj! )H*! cpf! kpugtvkpi! =! qt=! cpf!

34

)E*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

35

)I*! ku! cp! kpfkxkfwcn!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1424 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11227 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 118 of 185

228!

2

)k*! fgvgtokpgf! vq! dg! kp! c! encuu! qh!

3

cnkgpu! fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

4

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vq! dg! vjtgcvu! vq! pc.

5

vkqpcn!ugewtkv{=!

6

)kk*! kfgpvkhkgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

7

Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!cu!c! rgtuqp!qh!eqpegtp=!

8

qt!

9

)kkk*! crrn{kpi! hqt! c! xkuc! kp! c! xkuc! ecv.

;

giqt{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! yjkej! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

21

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! jcu! fgvgtokpgf! vjcv!

22

c! yckxgt! qh! vjg! xkuc! kpvgtxkgy! yqwnf! etgcvg!

23

c! jkij! tkum! qh! fgitcfcvkqp! qh! xkuc! rtqitco!

24

kpvgitkv{//!

25 UGE/! 515/! PQP.KPVGTXKGY! QH! EGTVCKP! KPGNKIKDNG! XKUC!

26

CRRNKECPVU/!

27

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 333)j*)2*! qh! vjg! Kook.

28 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2313)j*)2**! ku!

29 cogpfgf!d{!kpugtvkpi!vjg!cnkgp!ku!fgvgtokpgf!d{!vjg!Uge.

2; tgvct{!qh!Uvcvg!vq!dg!kpgnkikdng!hqt!c!xkuc!dcugf!wrqp!tgxkgy!

31 qh!vjg!crrnkecvkqp!qt!chvgt!wpnguu/!

32

)d*! I

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! ;1! fc{u! chvgt! vjg!

33 fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg!

34 ujcnn! kuuwg! iwkfcpeg! vq! eqpuwnct! qhhkegtu! qp! vjg! uvcpfctfu!

35 cpf!rtqeguugu!hqt!korngogpvkpi!vjg!cwvjqtkv{!vq!fgp{!xkuc!

36 crrnkecvkqpu! ykvjqwv! kpvgtxkgy! kp! ecugu! yjgtg! vjg! cnkgp! ku!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1425 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11228 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 119 of 185

229!

2 fgvgtokpgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! vq! dg! kpgnkikdng! hqt!

3 c!xkuc!dcugf!wrqp!tgxkgy!qh!vjg!crrnkecvkqp/!

4

)e*! T

/•Pqv! nguu! htgswgpvn{! vjcp! qpeg! gcej!

5 swctvgt-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! ujcnn! uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqp.

6 itguu! c! tgrqtv! qp! vjg! fgpkcn! qh! xkuc! crrnkecvkqpu! ykvjqwv!

7 kpvgtxkgy-!kpenwfkpi•!

8

)2*! vjg! pwodgt! qh! uwej! fgpkcnu=! cpf!

9

)3*! c! rquv.d{.rquv! dtgcmfqyp! qh! uwej! fgpkcnu/!

; UGE/!516/!XKUC!TGHWUCN!CPF!TGXQECVKQP/!

21

)c*! C

U

J

!

22 U

U

U /•!

23

)2*! K

/•Ugevkqp! 539! qh! vjg! Jqog.

24

ncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7! W/U/E/! 347*! ku! cogpf.

25

gf! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqpu! )d*! cpf! )e*! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

26

vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

27

)d*!C

U

J

!

28 U

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29

)2*! K

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp!

2;

215)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9!

31

W/U/E/! 2215)c**! qt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! cpf!

32

gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )e*! cpf! gzegrv! hqt!

33

vjg! cwvjqtkv{! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! wpfgt! uwd.

34

rctcitcrju!)C*! cpf!)I*!qh!ugevkqp!212)c*)26*! qh!vjg!

35

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

36

2212)c*)26**-! vjg! Ugetgvct{•!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1426 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11229 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 120 of 185

22;!

2

)C*! ujcnn! jcxg! gzenwukxg! cwvjqtkv{! vq! kuuwg!

3

tgiwncvkqpu-! guvcdnkuj! rqnke{-! cpf! cfokpkuvgt! cpf!

4

gphqteg! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

5

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212! gv! ugs/*! cpf! cnn!

6

qvjgt! kookitcvkqp! qt! pcvkqpcnkv{! ncyu! tgncvkpi!

7

vq! vjg! hwpevkqpu! qh! eqpuwnct! qhhkegtu! qh! vjg!

8

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! kp! eqppgevkqp! ykvj! vjg! itcpvkpi!

9

cpf! tghwucn! qh! c! xkuc=! cpf!

;

)D*! oc{! tghwug! qt! tgxqmg! cp{! xkuc! vq! cp{!

21

cnkgp! qt! encuu! qh! cnkgpu! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{-! qt! fgu.

22

kipgg-! fgvgtokpgu! vjcv! uwej! tghwucn! qt! tgxqec.

23

vkqp! ku! pgeguuct{! qt! cfxkucdng! kp! vjg! ugewtkv{! qt!

24

hqtgkip! rqnke{! kpvgtguvu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

25

)3*! G

/•Vjg! tgxqecvkqp!

26

qh! cp{! xkuc! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )2*)D*•!

27

)C*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! koogfkcvgn{=! cpf!

28

)D*! ujcnn! cwvqocvkecnn{! ecpegn! cp{! qvjgt!

29

xcnkf! xkuc! vjcv! ku! kp! vjg! cnkgpu! rquuguukqp/!

2;

)4*! L

/•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{!

31

qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 3352! qh! vkvng!

32

39-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu!

33

rtqxkukqp-! cpf! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! uwej! vkvng-!

34

pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgxkgy! c! fgekukqp!

35

d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vq! tghwug! qt!

36

tgxqmg!c!xkuc-!cpf!pq! eqwtv!ujcnn!jcxg!lwtkufkevkqp!vq!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1427 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1122; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 121 of 185

231!

2

jgct! cp{! encko! ctkukpi! htqo-! qt! cp{! ejcnngpig! vq-!

3

uwej! c! tghwucn! qt! tgxqecvkqp/!

4

)e*! C

U

U /•!

5

)2*! K

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! oc{!

6

fktgev! c! eqpuwnct! qhhkegt! vq! tghwug! c! xkuc! tgswguvgf!

7

d{! cp! cnkgp! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! fgvgtokpgu! uwej!

8

tghwucn! vq! dg! pgeguuct{! qt! cfxkucdng! kp! vjg! ugewtkv{!

9

qt! hqtgkip! rqnke{! kpvgtguvu! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

;

)3*! N

/•Pq! fgekukqp! d{! vjg! Uge.

21

tgvct{! qh! Uvcvg! vq! crrtqxg! c! xkuc! oc{! qxgttkfg! c! fg.

22

ekukqp! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! wpfgt!

23

uwdugevkqp!)d*//!

24

)3*! E

/•Ugevkqp!

25

348)c*)2*)D*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{!

26

Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2338)c*)2*)D**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! uvtkm.

27

kpi! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 332)k*/!

28

)4*! G

/•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg!

29

d{!rctcitcrj!)2*!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg! fcvg!qh!vjg!

2;

gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! xkuc! tghwu.

31

cnu! cpf! tgxqecvkqpu! qeewttkpi! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt!

32

uwej! fcvg/!

33

)d*! V

E

J

!

34 U

C /•Ugevkqp! 539)c*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

35 tkv{!Cev!qh!3113!)7!W/U/E/!347)c**!ku!cogpfgf!d{•!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1428 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11231 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 122 of 185

232!

2

)2*! uvtkmkpi! uwdugevkqp! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uge.

3

vkqp=! cpf!

4

)3*! uvtkmkpi! eqpuwnct! qhhkeg! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

5

eqpuwnct!qhhkegt/!

6 UGE/!517/!HWPFKPI!HQT!VJG!XKUC!UGEWTKV[!RTQITCO/!

7

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Uvcvg!cpf!Tg.

8 ncvgf!Cigpe{!Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!Cev-!3116!)vkvng!KX!qh!fkxkukqp!

9 D!qh!Rwdnke!Ncy!219558*!ku!cogpfgf-!kp!vjg!hqwtvj!rctc.

; itcrj! wpfgt! vjg! jgcfkpi! Fkrnqocvke! cpf! Eqpuwnct! Rtq.

21 itcou-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Dgikppkpi! cpf! cnn! vjcv! hqnnqyu!

22 vjtqwij!vjg!rgtkqf!cv!vjg!gpf!cpf!kpugtvkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

23 Dgikppkpi! kp! hkuecn! {gct! 3116! cpf! vjgtgchvgt-! vjg! Uge.

24 tgvct{!qh!Uvcvg!ku!cwvjqtk|gf!vq!ejctig!uwtejctigu!tgncvgf!

25 vq!eqpuwnct!ugtxkegu!kp!uwrrqtv!qh!gpjcpegf!dqtfgt!ugewtkv{!

26 vjcv! ctg! kp! cffkvkqp! vq! vjg! kookitcpv! xkuc! hggu! kp! ghhgev!

27 qp!Lcpwct{!2-!3115<!Rtqxkfgf-!Vjcv!hwpfu!eqnngevgf!rwtuw.

28 cpv!vq!vjku!cwvjqtkv{!ujcnn!dg!etgfkvgf!vq!vjg!crrtqrtkcvkqp!

29 hqt! W/U/! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! hqt! vjg!

2; hkuecn! {gct! kp! yjkej! vjg! hggu! ygtg! eqnngevgf-! cpf! ujcnn! dg!

31 cxckncdng!wpvkn!gzrgpfgf!hqt!vjg!hwpfkpi!qh!vjg!Xkuc!Ugew.

32 tkv{! Rtqitco! guvcdnkujgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

33 Ugewtkv{! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 539)g*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

34 Cev!qh!3113!)Rwdnke!Ncy!2183;7*<!Rtqxkfgf!hwtvjgt-!Vjcv!

35 uwej! uwtejctigu! ujcnn! dg! 21! rgtegpv! qh! vjg! hgg! cuuguugf!

36 qp!kookitcpv!xkuc!crrnkecvkqpu//!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1429 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11232 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 123 of 185

233!

2

)d*! T

C

H /•Vygp.

3 v{! rgtegpv! qh! vjg! hwpfu! eqnngevgf! gcej! hkuecn! {gct! wpfgt!

4 vjg! jgcfkpi! Fkrnqocvke! cpf! Eqpuwnct! Rtqitcou! kp! vjg!

5 Fgrctvogpv! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! Tgncvgf! Cigpe{! Crrtqrtkcvkqpu!

6 Cev-!3116!)vkvng!KX!qh!fkxkukqp!D!qh!Rwdnke!Ncy!219558*-!

7 cu! cogpfgf! d{! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! ujcnn! dg! fgrqukvgf! kpvq! vjg!

8 igpgtcn! hwpf! qh! vjg! Vtgcuwt{! cu! tgrc{ogpv! qh! hwpfu! cr.

9 rtqrtkcvgf!rwtuwcpv!vq!ugevkqp!518)e*!qh!vjku!Cev!wpvkn!vjg!

; gpvktg!crrtqrtkcvgf!uwo!jcu!dggp!tgrckf/!

21 UGE/! 518/! GZRGFKVKQWU! GZRCPUKQP! QH! XKUC! UGEWTKV[!

22

RTQITCO!VQ!JKIJ.TKUM!RQUVU/!

23

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 539)k*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf!

24 Ugewtkv{!Cev!qh!3113!)7!W/U/E/!347)k**!ku!cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!

25 cu!hqnnqyu<!

26

)k*! X K

F

J .T !

27 R /•Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy-! vjg!

28 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! eqpfwev! cp! qp.ukvg!

29 tgxkgy! qh! cnn! xkuc! crrnkecvkqpu! cpf!uwrrqtvkpi! fqewogpvc.

2; vkqp! dghqtg! cflwfkecvkqp! cv! vjg! vqr! 41! xkuc.kuuwkpi! rquvu!

31 fgukipcvgf! lqkpvn{! d{! vjg! Ugetgvctkgu! qh! Uvcvg! cpf! Jqog.

32 ncpf!Ugewtkv{!cu!jkij.tkum!rquvu//!

33

)d*! C

R

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp!

34 qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! ugevkqp-! vjg!

35 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! cuukip! rgtuqppgn! vq!

36 vjg! xkuc.kuuwkpi! rquvu! tghgtgpegf! kp! ugevkqp! 539)k*! qh! vjg!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1430 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11233 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 124 of 185

234!

2 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113! )7! W/U/E/! 347)k**-! cu!

3 cogpfgf! d{! vjku! ugevkqp-! cpf! eqoowpkecvg! uwej! cuukip.

4 ogpvu!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg/!

5

)e*! C

/•Vjgtg! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! dg! cr.

6 rtqrtkcvgf! %71-111-111! hqt! gcej! qh! vjg! hkuecn! {gctu! 3126!

7 cpf!3127-!yjkej!ujcnn!dg!wugf!vq!gzrgfkvg!vjg!korngogpvc.

8 vkqp! qh! ugevkqp! 539)k*! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev-! cu!

9 cogpfgf!d{!vjku!ugevkqp/!

; UGE/!519/!GZRGFKVGF!ENGCTCPEG!CPF!RNCEGOGPV!QH!FG.

21

RCTVOGPV! QH! JQOGNCPF! UGEWTKV[! RGT.

22

UQPPGN! CV! QXGTUGCU! GODCUUKGU! CPF! EQP.

23

UWNCT!RQUVU/!

24

Ugevkqp! 539! qh! vjg! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! Cev! qh! 3113!

25 )7! W/U/E/! 347*! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqn.

26 nqykpi<!

27

)l*! G

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28 F

J

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29 Q

G

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R /•Pqvykvj.

2; uvcpfkpi!cp{!qvjgt!rtqxkukqp!qh!ncy-!cpf!vjg!rtqeguugu!ugv!

31 hqtvj! kp! Pcvkqpcn! Ugewtkv{! Fghgpug! Fktgevkxg! 49! )fcvgf!

32 Lwpg! 3-! 2;93*! qt! cp{! uweeguuqt! Fktgevkxg-! vjg! Ejkgh! qh!

33 Okuukqp!qh!c!rquv!vq!yjkej!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ug.

34 ewtkv{! jcu! cuukipgf! rgtuqppgn! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )g*! qt! )k*!

35 ujcnn! gpuwtg-! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! qpg! {gct! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qp!

36 yjkej! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! eqoowpkecvgu!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1431 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11234 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 125 of 185

235!

2 uwej!cuukipogpv!vq!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Uvcvg-!vjcv!uwej!rgt.

3 uqppgn!jcxg!dggp!uvcvkqpgf!cpf!ceeqooqfcvgf!cv!rquv!cpf!

4 ctg!cdng!vq!ectt{!qwv!vjgkt!fwvkgu//!

5 UGE/!51;/!CEETGFKVCVKQP!TGSWKTGOGPVU/!

6

)c*! E

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N

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7V

R

/•Ugevkqp! 212)c*! qh! vjg! Kookitc.

8 vkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)c**!ku!cogpfgf•!

9

)2*! kp! rctcitcrj! )26*)H*)k*•!

;

)C*! d{! uvtkmkpi! ugevkqp! 325)n*! cv! cp! guvcd.

21

nkujgf! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! ugokpct{-! eqpugtx.

22

cvqt{-! cecfgoke! jkij! uejqqn-! gngogpvct{! uejqqn-!

23

qt! qvjgt! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! qt! kp! cp! ceetgf.

24

kvgf! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi! rtqitco! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf!

25

Uvcvgu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ugevkqp! 325)o*! cv! cp! ce.

26

etgfkvgf! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! qt! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi!

27

rtqitco-! qt! cv! cp! guvcdnkujgf! ugokpct{-! eqp.

28

ugtxcvqt{-! cecfgoke! jkij! uejqqn-! gngogpvct{!

29

uejqqn-! qt! qvjgt! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! kp! vjg!

2;

Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu=!

31

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! gcej!

32

rnceg! uwej! vgto! crrgctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Uge.

33

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{=! cpf!

34

)E*! d{! uvtkmkpi! cpf! kh! cp{! uwej! kpuvkvwvkqp!

35

qh! ngctpkpi! qt! rnceg! qh! uvwf{! hcknu! vq! ocmg! tg.

36

rqtvu! rtqorvn{! vjg! crrtqxcn! ujcnn! dg! ykvj.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1432 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11235 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 126 of 185

236!

2

ftcyp-! cpf! kpugtvkpi! cpf! kh! cp{! uwej! kpuvkvw.

3

vkqp! qh! ngctpkpi! qh! rnceg! qh! uvwf{! hcknu! vq! ocmg!

4

tgrqtvu! rtqorvn{! qt! hcknu! vq! eqorn{! ykvj! cp{! ce.

5

etgfkvcvkqp! tgswktgogpv! )kpenwfkpi! fgcfnkpgu! hqt!

6

uwdokvvkpi! ceetgfkvcvkqp! crrnkecvkqpu! qt! qdvckp.

7

kpi! ceetgfkvcvkqp*! vjg! crrtqxcn! ujcnn! dg! ykvj.

8

ftcyp-=!cpf!

9

)3*! d{! cogpfkpi! rctcitcrj! )63*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqn.

;

nqyu<!

21

)63*! Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! ugevkqp! 325)o*)5*-! vjg!

22 vgto! ceetgfkvgf! eqnngig-! wpkxgtukv{-! qt! ncpiwcig! vtckpkpi!

23 rtqitco!ogcpu!c!eqnngig-!wpkxgtukv{-!qt!ncpiwcig!vtckpkpi!

24 rtqitco!vjcv!ku!ceetgfkvgf!d{!cp!ceetgfkvkpi!cigpe{!tgeqi.

25 pk|gf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Gfwecvkqp//!

26

)d*! Q

C

K

/•Ugevkqp!

27 325)o*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!

28 2295)o**! ku! cogpfgf! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

29

)4*! Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! tg.

2; swktg! ceetgfkvcvkqp! qh! cp! cecfgoke! kpuvkvwvkqp! )gzegrv! hqt!

31 ugokpctkgu! qt! qvjgt! tgnkikqwu! kpuvkvwvkqpu*! hqt! rwtrqugu! qh!

32 ugevkqp!212)c*)26*)H*!kh•!

33

)C*! vjcv! kpuvkvwvkqp! ku! pqv! cntgcf{! tgswktgf! vq!

34

dg! ceetgfkvgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)H*)k*=! cpf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1433 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11236 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 127 of 185

237!

2

)D*! cp! crrtqrtkcvg! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! tgeqi.

3

pk|gf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Gfwecvkqp! ku! cdng! vq! rtq.

4

xkfg!uwej!ceetgfkvcvkqp/!

5

)5*!Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{-!kp!vjg!Uge.

6 tgvct{u! fkuetgvkqp-! oc{! yckxg! vjg! ceetgfkvcvkqp! tgswktg.

7 ogpv! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*! qt! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)H*)k*! ykvj!

8 tgurgev!vq!cp!kpuvkvwvkqp!kh!uwej!kpuvkvwvkqp•!

9

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 130 of 185

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27 hqnnqykpi<!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 134 of 185

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34 gtcn!Cxkcvkqp!Cfokpkuvtcvkqp!rwtuwcpv!vq!rctv!252!qt!rctv!

35 253! qh! vkvng! 25-! Eqfg! qh! Hgfgtcn! Tgiwncvkqpu! )qt! ukoknct!

36 uweeguuqt!tgiwncvkqpu*/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 135 of 185

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)2*! ycu! egtvkhkgf! wpfgt! vjg! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gz.

8

ejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

9

ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev=!

;

)3*! uwdokvvgf! cp! crrnkecvkqp! hqt! egtvkhkecvkqp!

21

ykvj! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! fwtkpi! vjg!

22

2.{gct! rgtkqf! dgikppkpi! qp! uwej! fcvg=! cpf!

23

)4*! eqpvkpwgu! vq! rtqitguu! vqyctf! egtvkhkecvkqp! d{!

24

vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp/!

25 UGE/!526/!TGXQECVKQP!QH!CEETGFKVCVKQP/!

26

Cv! vjg! vkog! cp! ceetgfkvkpi! cigpe{! qt! cuuqekcvkqp! ku!

27 tgswktgf!vq!pqvkh{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Gfwecvkqp!cpf!vjg!cr.

28 rtqrtkcvg!Uvcvg!nkegpukpi!qt!cwvjqtk|kpi!cigpe{!qh!vjg!hkpcn!

29 fgpkcn-! ykvjftcycn-! uwurgpukqp-! qt! vgtokpcvkqp! qh! ceetgfk.

2; vcvkqp! qh! cp! kpuvkvwvkqp! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 5;7! qh! vjg!

31 Jkijgt! Gfwecvkqp! Cev! qh! 2;76! )31! W/U/E/! 21;;d*-! uwej!

32 ceetgfkvkpi!cigpe{!qt!cuuqekcvkqp!ujcnn!pqvkh{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!

33 qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!qh!uwej!fgvgtokpcvkqp!cpf!vjg!Uge.

34 tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! koogfkcvgn{! vgtokpcvg!

35 vjg! uejqqnu! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco!

36 )UGXR*!egtvkhkecvkqp!cpf! rtqjkdkv! vjg! uejqqn!htqo!ceeguu.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1442 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11245 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 136 of 185

246!

2 kpi!vjg!Uvwfgpv!cpf!Gzejcpig!Xkukvqt!Kphqtocvkqp!U{uvgo!

3 )UGXKU*/!

4 UGE/!527/!TGRQTV!QP!TKUM!CUUGUUOGPV/!

5

Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

6 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!

7 uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg!

8 cpf!vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgr.

9 tgugpvcvkxgu! c! tgrqtv! vjcv! eqpvckpu! vjg! tkum! cuuguuogpv!

; uvtcvgi{!vjcv!yknn!dg!gornq{gf!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!vq!kfgpvkh{-!

21 kpxguvkicvg-! cpf! vcmg! crrtqrtkcvg! cevkqp! cickpuv! uejqqnu!

22 cpf! uejqqn! qhhkekcnu! vjcv! ctg! hceknkvcvkpi! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh!

23 Hqto! K31! cpf! vjg! ockpvgpcpeg! qh! uvwfgpv! xkuc! uvcvwu!

24 kp!xkqncvkqp!qh!vjg!kookitcvkqp!ncyu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu/!

25 UGE/!528/!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!ICQ!TGEQOOGPFCVKQPU/!

26

Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

27 ogpv!qh!vjku!cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!

28 uwdokv! vq! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg!

29 cpf!vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgr.

2; tgugpvcvkxgu!c!tgrqtv!vjcv!fguetkdgu•!

31

)2*! vjg! rtqeguu! kp! rnceg! vq! kfgpvkh{! cpf! cuuguu!

32

tkumu! kp! vjg! UGXR=!

33

)3*! c! tkum! cuuguuogpv! rtqeguu! vq! cnnqecvg!

34

UGXRu! tguqwtegu! dcugf! qp! tkum=!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1443 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11246 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 137 of 185

247!

2

)4*! vjg! rtqegfwtgu! kp! rnceg! hqt! eqpukuvgpvn{! gp.

3

uwtkpi! c! uejqqnu! gnkikdknkv{-! kpenwfkpi! eqpukuvgpvn{!

4

xgtkh{kpi! kp! nkgw! qh! ngvvgtu=!

5

)5*! jqy! UGXR! kfgpvkhkgf! cpf! cfftguugf! okuukpi!

6

uejqqn! ecug! hkngu=!

7

)6*! c! rncp! vq! fgxgnqr! cpf! korngogpv! c! rtqeguu!

8

vq! oqpkvqt! Uvcvg! nkegpukpi! cpf! ceetgfkvcvkqp! uvcvwu!

9

qh! cnn! UGXR.egtvkhkgf! uejqqnu=!

;

)7*! yjgvjgt! cnn! hnkijv! uejqqnu! vjcv! jcxg! pqv! dggp!

21

egtvkhkgf! vq! vjg! ucvkuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! cpf! d{!

22

vjg! Hgfgtcn! Cxkcvkqp! Cfokpkuvtcvkqp! jcxg! dggp! tg.

23

oqxgf! htqo! vjg! rtqitco! cpf! jcxg! dggp! tguvtkevgf!

24

htqo! ceeguukpi! UGXKU=!

25

)8*!vjg!uvcpfctf!qrgtcvkpi!rtqegfwtgu!vjcv! iqx.

26

gtp! eqqtfkpcvkqp! coqpi! UGXR-! vjg! W/U/! Kookitc.

27

vkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! )KEG*! Eqwpvgtvgt.

28

tqtkuo! cpf! Etkokpcn! Gzrnqkvcvkqp! Wpkv-! cpf! KEG!

29

hkgnf! qhhkegu=! cpf!

2;

)9*! vjg! guvcdnkujgf! etkvgtkc! hqt! tghgttkpi! ecugu! qh!

31

c! rqvgpvkcnn{! etkokpcn! pcvwtg! htqo! UGXR! vq! vjg!

32

eqwpvgtvgttqtkuo! cpf! kpvgnnkigpeg! eqoowpkv{/!

33 UGE/!529/!KORNGOGPVCVKQP!QH!UGXKU!KK/!

34

Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 3! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! gpcev.

35 ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!

36 eqorngvg!vjg!fgrnq{ogpv!qh!dqvj!rjcugu!qh!vjg!3pf!igpgtc.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1444 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11247 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 138 of 185

248!

2 vkqp! Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Kphqtocvkqp! U{uvgo!

3 )eqooqpn{!mpqyp!cu!UGXKU!KK*/!

4 UGE/!52;/!FGHKPKVKQPU/!

5

)c*!F

/•Hqt!rwtrqugu!qh!vjku!vkvng<!

6

)2*! UGXKU/Vjg! vgto! UGXKU! ogcpu! vjg!

7

Uvwfgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Kphqtocvkqp! U{uvgo!

8

qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

9

)3*! UGXR/Vjg! vgto! UGXR! ogcpu! vjg! Uvw.

;

fgpv! cpf! Gzejcpig! Xkukvqt! Rtqitco! qh! vjg! Fgrctv.

21

ogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{/!

22 VKVNG! XCKF! VQ! W/U/! KOOKITC.

23 VKQP! CPF! EWUVQOU! GP.

24 HQTEGOGPV!QHHKEGTU!

25 UGE/!612/!KEG!KOOKITCVKQP!GPHQTEGOGPV!CIGPVU/!

26

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

27 tkv{! ujcnn! cwvjqtk|g! cnn! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu!

28 cpf! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf!

29 Ugewtkv{! yjq! jcxg! uweeguuhwnn{! eqorngvgf! dcuke! kookitc.

2; vkqp! ncy! gphqtegogpv! vtckpkpi! vq! gzgtekug! vjg! rqygtu! eqp.

31 hgttgf!d{•!

32

)2*! ugevkqp! 398)c*)6*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

33

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! vq! cttguv! hqt! cp{! qhhgpug! cickpuv!

34

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=!

35

)3*! ugevkqp! 398)c*)6*)D*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! cttguv!

36

hqt! cp{! hgnqp{=!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1445 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11248 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 139 of 185

249!

2

)4*! ugevkqp! 385)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! cttguv! hqt!

3

dtkpikpi! kp-! vtcpurqtvkpi-! qt! jctdqtkpi! egtvckp!

4

cnkgpu-! qt! kpfwekpi! vjgo! vq! gpvgt=!

5

)5*! ugevkqp! 398)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! gzgewvg! yct.

6

tcpvu! qh! cttguv! hqt! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! kookitcvkqp! xkqnc.

7

vkqpu! kuuwgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 347! qh! vjg! Cev! qt! vq! gzg.

8

ewvg! ycttcpvu! qh! etkokpcn! cttguv! kuuwgf! wpfgt! vjg!

9

cwvjqtkv{! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu=! cpf!

;

)6*! ugevkqp! 398)c*! qh! uwej! Cev! vq! ectt{! hktg.

21

ctou-! rtqxkfgf! vjcv! vjg{! ctg! kpfkxkfwcnn{! swcnkhkgf! d{!

22

vtckpkpi! cpf! gzrgtkgpeg! vq! jcpfng! cpf! uchgn{! qrgtcvg!

23

vjg! hktgctou! vjg{! ctg! rgtokvvgf! vq! ectt{-! ockpvckp!

24

rtqhkekgpe{! kp! vjg! wug! qh! uwej! hktgctou-! cpf! cfjgtg!

25

vq! vjg! rtqxkukqpu! qh! vjg! gphqtegogpv! uvcpfctf! iqx.

26

gtpkpi! vjg! wug! qh! hqteg/!

27

)d*! C

R

/•Ugevkqp! 398)c*)3*! qh! vjg! Ko.

28 okitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2468)c*)3**! ku!

29 cogpfgf! d{! uvtkmkpi! tgiwncvkqp! cpf! ku! nkmgn{! vq! guecrg!

2; dghqtg! c! ycttcpv! ecp! dg! qdvckpgf! hqt! jku! cttguv-! cpf! kp.

31 ugtvkpi!tgiwncvkqp-/!

32

)e*! R /•Kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! ujcnn! dg!

33 rckf! qp! vjg! ucog! uecng! cu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

34 hqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! cpf! ujcnn! tgegkxg! vjg! ucog!

35 dgpghkvu/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1446 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11249 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 140 of 185

24;! 2 UGE/!613/!KEG!FGVGPVKQP!GPHQTEGOGPV!QHHKEGTU/!

3

)c*! C

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf!

4 Ugewtkv{!ku!cwvjqtk|gf!vq!jktg!3-611!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Ewu.

5 vqou!Gphqtegogpv!fgvgpvkqp!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu/!

6

)d*! F /•Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqteg.

7 ogpv!fgvgpvkqp!gphqtegogpv!qhhkegtu!yjq!jcxg!uweeguuhwnn{!

8 eqorngvgf! fgvgpvkqp! gphqtegogpv! qhhkegtu! dcuke! vtckpkpi!

9 ujcnn!dg!tgurqpukdng!hqt•!

;

)2*! vcmkpi! cpf! ockpvckpkpi! ewuvqf{! qh! cp{! rgt.

21

uqp! yjq! jcu! dggp! cttguvgf! d{! cp! kookitcvkqp! qhhk.

22

egt=!

23

)3*! vtcpurqtvkpi! cpf! iwctfkpi! kookitcvkqp! fg.

24

vckpggu=!

25

)4*! ugewtkpi! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{!

26

fgvgpvkqp! hceknkvkgu=! cpf!

27

)5*! cuukuvkpi! kp! vjg! rtqeguukpi! qh! fgvckpggu/!

28 UGE/! 614/! GPUWTKPI! VJG! UCHGV[! QH! KEG! QHHKEGTU! CPF!

29

CIGPVU/!

2;

)c*! D C /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ug.

31 ewtkv{! ujcnn! gpuwtg! vjcv! gxgt{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou!

32 Gphqtegogpv!fgrqtvcvkqp!qhhkegt!cpf!kookitcvkqp!gphqteg.

33 ogpv!cigpv!qp!fwv{!ku!kuuwgf!jkij.swcnkv{!dqf{!ctoqt!vjcv!

34 ku!crrtqrtkcvg!hqt!vjg!enkocvg!cpf!tkumu!hcegf!d{!vjg!cigpv/!

35 Gpqwij! dqf{! ctoqt! owuv! dg! rwtejcugf! vq! eqxgt! gxgt{!

36 cigpv!kp!vjg!hkgnf/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1447 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1124; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 141 of 185

251!

2

)d*!Y

/•Uwej!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!gpuwtg!vjcv!Ko.

3 okitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu!

4 cpf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! ctg! gswkrrgf! ykvj!

5 ygcrqpu! vjcv! ctg! tgnkcdng! cpf! ghhgevkxg! vq! rtqvgev! vjgo.

6 ugnxgu-!vjgkt!hgnnqy!cigpvu-!cpf!kppqegpv!vjktf!rctvkgu!htqo!

7 vjg!vjtgcvu!rqugf!d{!ctogf!etkokpcnu/!Uwej!ygcrqpu!ujcnn!

8 kpenwfg-!cv!c!okpkowo-!uvcpfctf.kuuwg!jcpfiwpu-!O5!)qt!

9 gswkxcngpv*!tkhngu-!cpf!Vcugtu/!

;

)e*!G

F /•Vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!

21 ;1!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

22 UGE/!615/!KEG!CFXKUQT[!EQWPEKN/!

23

)c*! G

/•Cp! KEG! Cfxkuqt{! Eqwpekn!

24 ujcnn!dg!guvcdnkujgf!pqv!ncvgt!vjcp!4!oqpvju!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!

25 qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

26

)d*! O

/•Vjg! KEG! Cfxkuqt! Eqwpekn! ujcnn!

27 dg!eqortkugf!qh!8!ogodgtu/!

28

)e*! C

/•Ogodgtu! ujcnn! vq! dg! crrqkpvgf!

29 kp!vjg!hqnnqykpi!ocppgt<!

2;

)2*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

31

Rtgukfgpv/!

32

)3*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

33

Ejcktocp! qh! vjg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg! qh! vjg! Jqwug!

34

qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu/!

35

)4*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

36

Ejcktocp! qh! vjg! Lwfkekct{! Eqookvvgg! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1448 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11251 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 142 of 185

252!

2

)5*! Qpg! ogodgt! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

3

Nqecn! 622-! vjg! KEG! rtqugewvqtu! wpkqp/!

4

)6*! Vjtgg! ogodgtu! ujcnn! dg! crrqkpvgf! d{! vjg!

5

Pcvkqpcn! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv!

6

Eqwpekn/!

7

)f*! V /•Ogodgtu! ujcnn! ugtxg! tgpgycdng-! 3.{gct!

8 vgtou/!

9

)g*!X

/•Ogodgtujkr!ujcnn!dg!xqnwpvct{!cpf!

; pqp.tgowpgtcvgf-! gzegrv! vjcv! ogodgtu! yknn! tgegkxg! tgko.

21 dwtugogpv! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hqt!

22 vtcxgn!cpf!qvjgt!tgncvgf!gzrgpugu/!

23

)h*! T

R

/•Ogodgtu! yjq! ctg!

24 gornq{gf! d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!dg!

25 rtqvgevgf!htqo!tgvcnkcvkqp!d{!vjgkt!uwrgtxkuqtu-!ocpcigtu-!

26 cpf! qvjgt! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gornq{ggu!

27 hqt!vjgkt!rctvkekrcvkqp!qp!vjg!Eqwpekn/!

28

)i*! R

/•Vjg! rwtrqug! qh! vjg! Eqwpekn! ku! vq! cf.

29 xkug!vjg!Eqpitguu!cpf!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!

2; qp!kuuwgu!kpenwfkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

31

)2*! Vjg! ewttgpv! uvcvwu! qh! kookitcvkqp! gphqteg.

32

ogpv! ghhqtvu-! kpenwfkpi! rtqugewvkqpu! cpf! tgoqxcnu-!

33

vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! uwej! ghhqtvu-! cpf! jqy! gphqteg.

34

ogpv! eqwnf! dg! kortqxgf/!

35

)3*! Vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! eqqrgtcvkxg! ghhqtvu! dg.

36

vyggp! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! qvjgt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1449 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11252 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 143 of 185

253!

2

ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu-! kpenwfkpi! cffkvkqpcn! v{rgu!

3

qh! gphqtegogpv! cevkxkvkgu! vjcv! vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujqwnf!

4

dg! gpicigf! kp-! uwej! cu! Uvcvg! cpf! nqecn! etkokpcn! vcum!

5

hqtegu/!

6

)4*! Rgtuqppgn-! gswkrogpv-! cpf! qvjgt! tguqwteg!

7

pggfu! qh! hkgnf! rgtuqppgn/!

8

)5*! Kortqxgogpvu! vjcv! ujqwnf! dg! ocfg! vq! vjg!

9

qticpk|cvkqpcn! uvtwevwtg! qh! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

;

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kpenwfkpi! yjgvjgt! vjg! rqukvkqp!

21

qh! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpv! ujqwnf! dg! ogtigf!

22

kpvq! vjg! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegt! rqukvkqp/!

23

)6*! Vjg! ghhgevkxgpguu! qh! urgekhke! gphqtegogpv!

24

rqnkekgu! cpf! tgiwncvkqpu! rtqownicvgf! d{! vjg! Uge.

25

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! cpf! yjgvjgt! qvjgt! gp.

26

hqtegogpv! rtkqtkvkgu! ujqwnf! dg! eqpukfgtgf/!

27

)j*! T

/•Vjg! Eqwpekn! ujcnn! rtqxkfg! swctvgtn{!

28 tgrqtvu!vq!vjg!Ejcktogp!cpf!Tcpmkpi!Ogodgtu!qh!vjg!Lw.

29 fkekct{! Eqookvvggu! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg! cpf! vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgr.

2; tgugpvcvkxgu! cpf! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{/!

31 Vjg! Eqwpekn! ogodgtu! ujcnn! oggv! fktgevn{! ykvj! vjg! Ejckt.

32 ogp!cpf!Tcpmkpi!Ogodgtu!)qt!vjgkt!fgukipcvgf!tgrtgugpv.

33 cvkxgu*! cpf! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! vq! fkuewuu! vjgkt! tgrqtvu!

34 gxgt{!7!oqpvju/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1450 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11253 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 144 of 185

254! 2 UGE/! 616/! RKNQV! RTQITCO! HQT! GNGEVTQPKE! HKGNF! RTQE.

3

GUUKPI/!

4

)c*!K I

/•Vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

5 tkv{! ujcnn! guvcdnkuj! c! rknqv! rtqitco! kp! cv! ngcuv! hkxg! qh! vjg!

6 vgp! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! hkgnf! qhhkegu!

7 ykvj! vjg! nctiguv! tgoqxcn! ecugnqcfu! vq! cnnqy! Kookitcvkqp!

8 cpf! Ewuvqou! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! cpf! kookitcvkqp! gp.

9 hqtegogpv!cigpvu!vq•!

;

)2*! gngevtqpkecnn{! rtqeguu! cpf! ugtxg! ejctikpi!

21

fqewogpvu-! kpenwfkpi! Pqvkegu! vq! Crrgct-! yjkng! kp! vjg!

22

hkgnf=!cpf!

23

)3*! gngevtqpkecnn{! rtqeguu! cpf! rnceg! fgvckpgtu!

24

yjkng! kp! vjg! hkgnf/!

25

)d*! F /•Vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp! uwd.

26 ugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! dg! fgukipgf! vq! cnnqy! fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu!

27 cpf! kookitcvkqp! gphqtegogpv! cigpvu! vq! wug! jcpfjgnf! qt!

28 xgjkeng.oqwpvgf!eqorwvgtu!vq•!

29

)2*! gpvgt! cp{! tgswktgf! fcvc-! kpenwfkpi! rgtuqpcn!

2;

kphqtocvkqp! cdqwv! vjg! cnkgp! uwdlgev! cpf! vjg! tgcuqp!

31

hqt! kuuwkpi! vjg! fqewogpv=!

32

)3*! crrn{! vjg! gngevtqpke! ukipcvwtg! qh! vjg! kuuwkpi!

33

qhhkegt! qt! cigpv=!

34

)4*! ugv! vjg! fcvg! vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgswktgf! vq! crrgct!

35

dghqtg! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig-! kp! vjg! ecug! qh! Pqvkegu!

36

vq!Crrgct=!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 145 of 185

255!

2

)5*! rtkpv! cp{! fqewogpvu! vjg! cnkgp! uwdlgev! oc{!

3

dg! tgswktgf! vq! ukip-! cnqpi! ykvj! cffkvkqpcn! eqrkgu! qh!

4

fqewogpvu! vq! dg! ugtxgf! qp! vjg! cnkgp=! cpf!

5

)6*! kpvgthceg! ykvj! vjg! GPHQTEG! fcvcdcug! uq!

6

vjcv! cnn! fcvc! ku! uvqtgf! cpf! tgvtkgxcdng/!

7

)e*! E

/•Vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp!

8 uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn! dg! fgukipgf! vq! tgrnceg-! vq! vjg! gzvgpv!

9 rquukdng-! vjg! ewttgpv! rcrgtyqtm! cpf! fcvc.gpvt{! rtqeguu!

; wugf! hqt! kuuwkpi! uwej! ejctikpi! fqewogpvu! cpf! fgvckpgtu/!

21

)f*!F

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22 rtqitco! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ykvjkp! 7! oqpvju! qh!

23 vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

24

)g*! T

/•Vjg! Iqxgtpogpv! Ceeqwpvcdknkv{! Qhhkeg!

25 ujcnn!tgrqtv!vq!vjg!Lwfkekct{!Eqookvvgg!qh!vjg!Ugpcvg!cpf!

26 vjg! Jqwug! qh! Tgrtgugpvcvkxgu! pq! ncvgt! vjcp! 29! oqpvju!

27 chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!qp!vjg!ghhgevkxgpguu!

28 qh!vjg!rknqv!rtqitco!cpf!rtqxkfg!tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!hqt!ko.

29 rtqxkpi!kv/!

2;

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31 guvcdnkujgf! d{! ugevkqp! 615! ujcnn! kpenwfg! tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!

32 qp! jqy! vjg! rknqv! rtqitco! ujqwnf! yqtm! kp! vjg! hktuv! swct.

33 vgtn{! tgrqtv! qh! vjg! Eqwpekn-! cpf! ujcnn! kpenwfg! cuuguuogpvu!

34 qh! vjg! rtqitco! cpf!tgeqoogpfcvkqpu!hqt! kortqxgogpv! kp!

35 gcej!uwdugswgpv!tgrqtv/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 146 of 185

256!

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3 291!fc{u!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

4 UGE/! 617/! CFFKVKQPCN! KEG! FGRQTVCVKQP! QHHKEGTU! CPF!

5

UWRRQTV!UVCHH/!

6

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7 tkv{! ujcnn-! uwdlgev! vq! vjg! cxckncdknkv{! qh! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! hqt!

8 uwej! rwtrqug-! kpetgcug! vjg! pwodgt! qh! rqukvkqpu! hqt! hwnn.!

9 vkog! cevkxg.fwv{! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv!

; fgrqtvcvkqp! qhhkegtu! d{! 6-111! cdqxg! vjg! pwodgt! qh! hwnn.!

21 vkog!rqukvkqpu!hqt!yjkej!hwpfu!ygtg!crrtqrtkcvgf!hqt!hkuecn!

22 {gct!3124/!Vjg!Ugetgvct{!yknn!fgvgtokpg!vjg!tcvg!cv!yjkej!

23 vjg! cffkvkqpcn! qhhkegtu! yknn! dg! cffgf! ykvj! fwg! tgictf! vq!

24 hknnkpi! vjg! rqukvkqpu! cu! gzrgfkvkqwun{! cu! rquukdng! ykvjqwv!

25 ocmkpi! cp{! eqortqokugu! kp! vjg! ugngevkqp! qt! vjg! vtckpkpi!

26 qh!vjg!cffkvkqpcn!qhhkegtu/!

27

)d*! U

U /•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn-! uwdlgev!

28 vq! vjg! cxckncdknkv{! qh! crrtqrtkcvkqpu! hqt! uwej! rwtrqug-! kp.

29 etgcug! vjg! pwodgt! qh! rqukvkqpu! hqt! hwnn.vkog! uwrrqtv! uvchh!

2; hqt! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! fgrqtvcvkqp!

31 qhhkegtu!d{!811!cdqxg!vjg!pwodgt!qh!hwnn.vkog!rqukvkqpu!hqt!

32 yjkej!hwpfu!ygtg!crrtqrtkcvgf!hqt!hkuecn!{gct!3124/!

33 UGE/!618/!CFFKVKQPCN!KEG!RTQUGEWVQTU/!

34

Vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! ujcnn! kpetgcug!

35 d{! 71! vjg! pwodgt! qh! hwnn.vkog! vtkcn! cvvqtpg{u! yqtmkpi! hqt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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1453 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11256 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 147 of 185

257!

2 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! Qhhkeg! qh! vjg!

3 Rtkpekrcn!Ngicn!Cfxkuqt/!

4 VKVNG!XKOKUEGNNCPGQWU!

5 GPHQTEGOGPV!RTQXKUKQPU!

6 UGE/!712/!VKOGN[!TGRCVTKCVKQP/!

7

)c*! N

E

/•Dgikppkpi! qp! vjg! fcvg!

8 vjcv! ku! 7! oqpvju! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev-!

9 cpf!gxgt{!7!oqpvju!vjgtgchvgt-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!

; Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!rwdnkuj!c!tgrqtv!kpenwfkpi!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

21

)2*! C! nkuv! qh! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

22

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23

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24

c! pcvkqpcn! qh! vjcv! eqwpvt{! ukpeg! vjg! fcvg! qh! gp.

25

cevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! vjg! vqvcn! pwodgt! qh!

26

uwej! cnkgpu-! fkuciitgicvgf! d{! pcvkqpcnkv{/!

27

)D*! Eqwpvtkgu! vjcv! jcxg! cp! gzeguukxg! tgrc.

28

vtkcvkqp! hcknwtg! tcvg/!

29

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2;

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31

dqvj! vjg! tgrqtv! rtgegfkpi! vjg! ewttgpv! tgrqtv! cpf! vjg!

32

ewttgpv! tgrqtv/!

33

)d*!U

/•Dgikppkpi!qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!c!eqwp.

34 vt{!ku!kpenwfgf!kp!c!nkuv!wpfgt!uwdugevkqp!)c*)3*!cpf!gpfkpi!

35 qp!vjg!fcvg!vjcv!uwej!eqwpvt{!ku!pqv!kpenwfgf!kp!uwej!nkuv-!

36 uwej!eqwpvt{!ujcnn!dg!uwdlgev!vq!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 148 of 185

258!

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3

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4

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26*)C*)kkk**!

5

vq! cvvgpfcpvu-! ugtxcpvu-! rgtuqpcn! gornq{ggu-! cpf!

6

ogodgtu! qh! vjgkt! koogfkcvg! hcoknkgu-! qh! vjg! qhhkekcnu!

7

cpf! gornq{ggu! qh! uwej! eqwpvt{! yjq! tgegkxg! pqp.

8

kookitcpv! uvcvwu! wpfgt! encwug! )k*! qt! )kk*! qh! ugevkqp!

9

212)c*)26*)C*! qh! uwej! Cev/!

;

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21

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22

tgfweg! vjg! pwodgt! qh! xkucu! cxckncdng! wpfgt! encwug! )k*!

23

qt! )kk*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

24

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! kp! c! hkuecn! {gct! vq! pcvkqpcnu! qh!

25

vjcv! eqwpvt{! d{! cp! coqwpv! gswcn! vq! 21! rgtegpv! qh!

26

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27

rtqxkfgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 354)f*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

28

cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2364*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

29

oc{! pqv! tgfweg! vjg! pwodgt! vq! c! ngxgn! dgnqy! 31! rgt.

2;

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31

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33

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34

okpcvkqp! vjcv! ukipkhkecpv! pcvkqpcn! ugewtkv{! kpvgtguvu!

35

qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! tgswktg! c! yckxgt! qh! vjg! ucpe.

36

vkqpu! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )d*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! yckxg!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 149 of 185

259!

2

cp{! tgfwevkqp! dgnqy! 91! rgtegpv! qh! vjg! dcugnkpg! xkuc!

3

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4

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5

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7

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8

tgswktg! c! yckxgt! qh! vjg! ucpevkqpu! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp!

9

)d*-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! yckxg! cp{! tgfwevkqp! dgnqy! 91!

;

rgtegpv! qh! vjg! dcugnkpg! xkuc! pwodgt! fwtkpi! 7.oqpvj!

21

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22

tkv{! oc{! pqv! fgngicvg! vjg! cwvjqtkv{! wpfgt! vjku! uwd.

23

ugevkqp/!

24

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25 tkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Uvcvg-! oc{! gz.

26 gorv! c! eqwpvt{! htqo! kpenwukqp! kp! c! nkuv! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp!

27 )c*)3*!kh!vjg!vqvcn!pwodgt!qh!pqptgrcvtkcvkqpu!qwvuvcpfkpi!

28 ku!nguu!vjcp!21!hqt!vjg!rtgegfkpi!4.{gct!rgtkqf/!

29

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XK

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2; kuuwgf!kp!xkqncvkqp!qh!vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!dg!xqkf/!

31

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32 c! etkokpcn! qhhgpug! dghqtg! c! Hgfgtcn! qt! Uvcvg! eqwtv! yjqug!

33 tgrcvtkcvkqp! ycu! tghwugf! qt! wptgcuqpcdn{! fgnc{gf! ku! vq! dg!

34 tgngcugf!htqo!fgvgpvkqp!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ug.

35 ewtkv{-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!rtqxkfg!pqvkeg!vq!vjg!Uvcvg!cpf!

36 nqecn!ncy!gphqtegogpv!cigpe{!hqt!vjg!lwtkufkevkqpu!kp!yjkej!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 150 of 185

25;!

2 vjg! cnkgp! ku! tgswktgf! vq! tgrqtv! qt! ku! vq! dg! tgngcugf/! Yjgp!

3 rquukdng-!cpf!rctvkewnctn{! kp! vjg!ecug!qh!xkqngpv! etkog-!vjg!

4 Ugetgvct{!ujcnn!ocmg!c!tgcuqpcdng!ghhqtv!vq!rtqxkfg!pqvkeg!

5 qh! uwej! tgngcug! vq! cp{! etkog! xkevkou! cpf! vjgkt! koogfkcvg!

6 hcokn{!ogodgtu/!

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22

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23

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24

Uvcvgu! yjq! ku! cwvjqtk|gf! vq! ocmg! uwej! c! tgswguv-! vjg!

25

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26

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28

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29

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UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 151 of 185

261!

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5

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22

hwugf! qt! wptgcuqpcdn{! fgnc{gf! cpf! yjqug! tgrcvtk.

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28

)kk*! qh! ugevkqp! 212)c*)26*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

29

Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)26*)C**! hqt! vjg! 4!

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hwnn! hkuecn! {gctu! koogfkcvgn{! rtgegfkpi! vjg! hktuv! tg.

31

rqtv! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*! kp! yjkej! uwej! eqwpvt{! ku!

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kpenwfgf! kp! vjg! nkuv! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*/!

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)j*! ICQ! T

/•Qp! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 2! fc{! chvgt!

34 vjg! fcvg! vjcv! vjg! Rtgukfgpv! uwdokvu! c! dwfigv! wpfgt! uge.

35 vkqp!2216)c*!qh!vkvng!42-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg-!hqt!hkuecn!{gct!

36 3127-! vjg! Eqorvtqnngt! Igpgtcn! qh! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! ujcnn!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1458 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11261 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 152 of 185

262!

2 uwdokv!c!tgrqtv!vq!Eqpitguu!tgictfkpi!vjg!rtqitguu!qh!vjg!

3 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

4 Uvcvg!kp!korngogpvcvkqp!qh!vjku!ugevkqp!cpf!kp!ocmkpi!tg.

5 swguvu!vq!tgrcvtkcvg!cnkgpu!cu!crrtqrtkcvg/!

6 UGE/! 713/! GPEQWTCIKPI! CNKGPU! VQ! FGRCTV! XQNWP.

7

VCTKN[/!

8

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9 cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;e*!ku!cogpfgf•!

;

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*•!

21

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hqnnqyu<!

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25

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26

ewtkv{! oc{! rgtokv! vjg! cnkgp! vq! xqnwpvctkn{! fgrctv! vjg!

27

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cv! vjg! cnkgpu! qyp! gzrgpug! wpfgt! vjku!

28

uwdugevkqp! kpuvgcf! qh! dgkpi! uwdlgev! vq! rtqeggfkpiu!

29

wpfgt!ugevkqp!351/=!

2;

)D*! d{! uvtkmkpi! rctcitcrj! )4*=!

31

)E*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! rctcitcrj! )3*! cu!

32

rctcitcrj!)4*=!

33

)F*! d{! cffkpi! chvgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vjg! hqn.

34

nqykpi<!

35

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!

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/•Kh!cp!cnkgp! ku!pqv! fguetkdgf! kp! rctc.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1459 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11262 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 153 of 185

263!

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3

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4

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5

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6

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7

enwukqp! qh! uwej! rtqeggfkpiu! dghqtg! cp! kookitcvkqp!

8

lwfig/=!

9

)G*! kp! rctcitcrj! )4*-! cu! tgfgukipcvgf•!

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21

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24

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25

cp{! rgtkqf! kp! gzeguu! qh! 231! fc{u/! Vjg! Ugetgvct{!

26

oc{! tgswktg! cp! cnkgp! rgtokvvgf! vq! xqnwpvctkn{!

27

fgrctv! wpfgt! rctcitcrj! )2*! vq! rquv! c! xqnwpvct{!

28

fgrctvwtg! dqpf-! vq! dg! uwttgpfgtgf! wrqp! rtqqh!

29

vjcv! vjg! cnkgp! jcu! fgrctvgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

2;

ykvjkp! vjg! vkog! urgekhkgf/=!

31

)kk*! d{! tgfgukipcvkpi! uwdrctcitcrju!

32

)D*-! )E*-! cpf! )F*! cu! uwdrctcitcrju! )E*-!

33

)F*-! cpf! )G*-! tgurgevkxgn{=!

34

)kkk*! d{! cffkpi! chvgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*!

35

vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 154 of 185

264!

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8

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9

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23

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24

hkgf/=!

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26

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27

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28

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29

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2;

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31

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32

uwdrctcitcrj! )E*=! cpf!

33

)xk*! kp! uwdrctcitcrj! )G*-! cu! tgfguki.

34

pcvgf-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uwdrctcitcrj! )D*!

35

gcej! rnceg!vjcv! vgto! crrgctu! cpf!kpugtvkpi!

36

uwdrctcitcrj! )E*=! cpf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1461 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11264 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 155 of 185

265!

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3

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4

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6

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9

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24

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25

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26

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27

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28

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31

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32

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! oc{! citgg! vq! c! tgfwevkqp! kp! vjg!

33

rgtkqf! qh! kpcfokuukdknkv{! wpfgt! uwdrctcitcrj! )C*! qt!

34

)D*)k*! qh! ugevkqp! 323)c*);*/!

35

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36

wpvct{! fgrctvwtg! itcpvgf! fwtkpi! tgoqxcn! rtq.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 156 of 185

266!

2

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3

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4

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5

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22

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23

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24

ykvj! cp{! qvjgt! vgtou! qh! vjg! citggogpv! )kpenwf.

25

kpi! hcknwtg! vq! vkogn{! rquv! cp{! tgswktgf! dqpf*-!

26

vjg! cnkgp! ku•!

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28

citggogpv=!

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2;

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31

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32

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33

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36

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UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 157 of 185

267!

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itcvkqp! lwfigu! fgekukqp! itcpvkpi! xqnwpvct{! fg.

3

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4

uvgcf! qh! vjg! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! citggogpv/!

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6

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7

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9

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23

fkuetgvkqp! dghqtg! vjg! gzrktcvkqp! qh! vjg! rgtkqf! cnnqygf!

24

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25

vkqp-! rgvkvkqp-! qt! rgvkvkqp! hqt! tgxkgy! ujcnn! chhgev-! tgkp.

26

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27

vq! fgrctv! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf!

28

citggf! vq! d{! vjg! cnkgp! cpf! vjg! Ugetgvct{/=!

29

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2;

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32 cnkgp! ku!rgtokvvgf!vq!xqnwpvctkn{!fgrctv! wpfgt!vjku!ugevkqp!

33 cpf! hcknu! vq! xqnwpvctkn{! fgrctv! htqo! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu!

34 ykvjkp! vjg! vkog! rgtkqf! urgekhkgf! qt! qvjgtykug! xkqncvgu! vjg!

35 vgtou! qh! c! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! citggogpv-! vjg! cnkgp! yknn!

36 dg!uwdlgev!vq!vjg!hqnnqykpi!rgpcnvkgu<!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 158 of 185

268!

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22

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23

vjku! ekxkn! rgpcnv{! ku! rckf/!

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)3*! K

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26

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27

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28

wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! cpf! ugevkqpu! 351C-! 356-! 359-! cpf!

29

35;/! Vjg! qtfgt!rgtokvvkpi! vjg! cnkgp! vq! fgrctv! xqnwp.

2;

vctkn{! ujcnn! kphqto! vjg! cnkgp! qh! vjg! rgpcnvkgu! wpfgt!

31

vjku!uwdugevkqp/!

32

)4*! T

/•Vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! kpgnkikdng!

33

vq! tgqrgp! vjg! hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! vjcv! vqqm! ghhgev!

34

wrqp! vjg! cnkgpu! hcknwtg! vq! fgrctv-! qt! wrqp! vjg! cnkgpu!

35

qvjgt! xkqncvkqpu! qh! vjg! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fg.

36

rctvwtg-! fwtkpi! vjg! rgtkqf! fguetkdgf! kp! rctcitcrj!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1465 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11268 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 159 of 185

269!

2

)3*/! Vjku! rctcitcrj! fqgu! pqv! rtgenwfg! c! oqvkqp! vq!

3

tgqrgp! vq! uggm! ykvjjqnfkpi! qh! tgoqxcn! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

4

352)d*)4*! qt! rtqvgevkqp! cickpuv! vqtvwtg-! kh! vjg! oq.

5

vkqp•!

6

)C*!rtgugpvu! ocvgtkcn!gxkfgpeg!qh! ejcpigf!

7

eqwpvt{! eqpfkvkqpu! ctkukpi! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

8

qtfgt! itcpvkpi! xqnwpvct{!fgrctvwtg! kp!vjg!eqwp.

9

vt{! vq! yjkej! vjg! cnkgp! yqwnf! dg! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

;

)D*! ocmgu! c! uwhhkekgpv! ujqykpi! vq! vjg! ucv.

21

kuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp!

22

ku! qvjgtykug! gnkikdng! hqt! uwej! rtqvgevkqp/=!

23

)6*! d{! cogpfkpi! uwdugevkqp! )g*! vq! tgcf! cu! hqn.

24

nqyu<!

25

)g*!G

/•!

26

)2*! R

.

27

/•Cp! cnkgp! ujcnn! pqv! dg! rgtokvvgf! vq! xqnwp.

28

vctkn{! fgrctv! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp! kh! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

29

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! rtg.

2;

xkqwun{! rgtokvvgf! vjg! cnkgp! vq! fgrctv! xqnwpvctkn{/!

31

)3*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! oc{! rtq.

32

ownicvg! tgiwncvkqpu! vq! nkokv! gnkikdknkv{! qt! korqug! cf.

33

fkvkqpcn! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt!

34

uwdugevkqp! )c*)2*! hqt! cp{! encuu! qh! cnkgpu/! Vjg! Uge.

35

tgvct{! qt! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! oc{! d{! tgiwncvkqp! nkokv!

36

gnkikdknkv{! qt! korqug! cffkvkqpcn! eqpfkvkqpu! hqt! xqn.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1466 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11269 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 160 of 185

26;!

2

wpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*)3*! qt! )d*! qh!

3

vjku! ugevkqp! hqt! cp{! encuu! qt! encuugu! qh! cnkgpu/=! cpf!

4

)7*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )h*-! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg!

5

hqnnqykpi<! Pqvykvjuvcpfkpi! ugevkqp! 353)c*)3*)F*! qh!

6

vjku! Cev-! ugevkqpu! 2472-! 2762-! cpf! 3352! qh! vkvng! 39-!

7

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxk.

8

ukqp-! cpf! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt!

9

pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! pq! eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! ch.

;

hgev-! tgkpuvcvg-! gplqkp-! fgnc{-! uvc{-! qt! vqnn! vjg! rgtkqf!

21

cnnqygf! hqt! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! vjku! ugevkqp//!

22

)d*! T

/•Vjg! Ugetgvct{! ujcnn! ykvjkp! qpg!

23 {gct!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev!rtqownicvg!tgiw.

24 ncvkqpu!vq!rtqxkfg!hqt!vjg!korqukvkqp!cpf!eqnngevkqp!qh!rgp.

25 cnvkgu! hqt! hcknwtg! vq! fgrctv! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351D)f*! qh! vjg!

26 Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!233;e)f**/!

27

)e*!G

F /•!

28

)2*! K

/•Gzegrv! cu! rtqxkfgf! kp! rctc.

29

itcrj! )3*-! vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{! vjku! ugevkqp!

2;

ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev! vq! cnn! qtfgtu! itcpvkpi! xqn.

31

wpvct{! fgrctvwtg! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351D! qh! vjg! Kook.

32

itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e*! ocfg!

33

qp! qt! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! ku! 291! fc{u! chvgt! vjg! gpcev.

34

ogpv!qh!vjku!Cev/!

35

)3*! G

/•Vjg! cogpfogpv! ocfg! d{!

36

uwdugevkqp! )c*)7*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! qp! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1467 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1126; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 161 of 185

271!

2

gpcevogpv! qh! vjku! Cev! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! ykvj! tgurgev!

3

vq! cp{! rgvkvkqp! hqt! tgxkgy! yjkej! ku! hkngf! qp! qt! chvgt!

4

uwej! fcvg/!

5 UGE/! 714/! FGVGTTKPI! CNKGPU! QTFGTGF! TGOQXGF! HTQO!

6

TGOCKPKPI! KP! VJG! WPKVGF! UVCVGU! WPNCY.

7

HWNN[/!

8

)c*! K

C /•Ugevkqp!323)c*);*)C*!qh!

9 vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/!

; 2293)c*);*)C**!ku!cogpfgf•!

21

)2*! kp! encwug! )k*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp!

22

ykvjkp! 6! {gctu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! tgoqxcn! )qt! ykvjkp!

23

31! {gctu! cpf! kpugtvkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp! pqv! ncvgt!

24

vjcp! 6! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! tgoqxcn! )qt!

25

pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 31! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgpu! tgoqxcn=!

26

cpf!

27

)3*! kp! encwug! )kk*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! uggmu! cfokuukqp!

28

ykvjkp! 21! {gctu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! uwej! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg!

29

qt! tgoqxcn! )qt! ykvjkp! 31! {gctu! qh! cpf! kpugtvkpi!

2;

uggmu! cfokuukqp! pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 21! {gctu! chvgt! vjg!

31

fcvg! qh! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! qt! tgoqxcn! )qt! pqv! ncvgt!

32

vjcp!31!{gctu!chvgt/!

33

)d*!D

F

T /•Ugevkqp!385F!

34 qh!uwej!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!435f*!ku!cogpfgf•!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1468 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11271 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 162 of 185

272!

2

)2*! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! Eqooku.

3

ukqpgt! cpf! kpugtvkpi! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugew.

4

tkv{=!cpf!

5

)3*! d{! cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<!

6

)e*!K

T /•!

7

)2*! K

/•Wpnguu! c! vkogn{! oqvkqp! vq!

8

tgqrgp! ku! itcpvgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351)e*)7*-! cp! cnkgp!

9

fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! ujcnn!dg!kpgnkikdng! hqt! cp{!

;

fkuetgvkqpct{! tgnkgh! htqo!tgoqxcn!)kpenwfkpi! ecpegnnc.

21

vkqp! qh! tgoqxcn! cpf! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu*! fwtkpi! vjg!

22

vkog! vjg! cnkgp! tgockpu! kp! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cpf! hqt!

23

c! rgtkqf! qh! 21! {gctu! chvgt! vjg! cnkgpu! fgrctvwtg! htqo!

24

vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu/!

25

)3*! U

/•Pqvjkpi! kp! rctc.

26

itcrj! )2*! ujcnn! rtgenwfg! c! oqvkqp! vq! tgqrgp! vq! uggm!

27

ykvjjqnfkpi! qh! tgoqxcn! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)d*)4*! qt!

28

rtqvgevkqp! cickpuv! vqtvwtg-! kh! vjg! oqvkqp•!

29

)C*!rtgugpvu! ocvgtkcn!gxkfgpeg!qh! ejcpigf!

2;

eqwpvt{! eqpfkvkqpu! ctkukpi! chvgt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

31

hkpcn! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! kp! vjg! eqwpvt{! vq! yjkej!

32

vjg! cnkgp! yqwnf! dg! tgoqxgf=! cpf!

33

)D*! ocmgu! c! uwhhkekgpv! ujqykpi! vq! vjg! ucv.

34

kuhcevkqp! qh! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! vjcv! vjg! cnkgp!

35

ku! qvjgtykug! gnkikdng! hqt! uwej! rtqvgevkqp//!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1469 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11272 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 163 of 185

273!

2

)e*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

3 vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!vcmg!ghhgev!qp!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!

4 qh!vjku!Cev!ykvj!tgurgev!vq!cnkgpu!yjq!ctg!uwdlgev!vq!c!hkpcn!

5 qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn! gpvgtgf! dghqtg-! qp-! qt! chvgt! uwej! fcvg/!

6 UGE/!715/!TGKPUVCVGOGPV!QH!TGOQXCN!QTFGTU/!

7

)c*! K I

/•Ugevkqp! 352)c*)6*! qh! vjg! Kook.

8 itcvkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2342)c*)6**! ku!

9 cogpfgf!vq!tgcf!cu!hqnnqyu<!

;

)6*! T

!

21

/•Kh! vjg!

22

Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! hkpfu! vjcv! cp! cnkgp!

23

jcu! gpvgtgf! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! knngicnn{! chvgt! jcxkpi!

24

dggp! tgoqxgf-! fgrqtvgf-! qt! gzenwfgf! qt! jcxkpi! fg.

25

rctvgf! xqnwpvctkn{-! wpfgt! cp! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqt.

26

vcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp-! tgictfnguu! qh! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg!

27

qtkikpcn! qtfgt! qt! vjg! fcvg! qh! vjg! knngicn! gpvt{•!

28

)C*! vjg! qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt!

29

gzenwukqp! ku! tgkpuvcvgf! htqo! kvu! qtkikpcn! fcvg!

2;

cpf! ku! pqv! uwdlgev! vq! dgkpi! tgqrgpgf! qt! tgxkgygf!

31

pqvykvjuvcpfkpi!ugevkqp!353)c*)3*)F*=!

32

)D*! vjg! cnkgp! ku! pqv! gnkikdng! cpf! oc{! pqv!

33

crrn{! hqt! cp{! tgnkgh! wpfgt! vjku! Cev-! tgictfnguu!

34

qh! vjg! fcvg! vjcv! cp! crrnkecvkqp! qt! tgswguv! hqt!

35

uwej! tgnkgh! oc{! jcxg! dggp! hkngf! qt! ocfg=! cpf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1470 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11273 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 164 of 185

274!

2

)E*! vjg! cnkgp! ujcnn! dg! tgoqxgf! wpfgt! vjg!

3

qtfgt! qh! tgoqxcn-! fgrqtvcvkqp-! qt! gzenwukqp! cv!

4

cp{! vkog! chvgt! vjg! knngicn! gpvt{/!

5

Tgkpuvcvgogpv! wpfgt! vjku! rctcitcrj! ujcnn! pqv! tg.

6

swktg! rtqeggfkpiu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 351! qt! qvjgt! rtq.

7

eggfkpiu! dghqtg! cp! kookitcvkqp! lwfig//!

8

)d*!L

T /•Ugevkqp!353!qh!vjg!Kookitc.

9 vkqp! cpf! Pcvkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2363*! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

; cffkpi!cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

21

)j*! L

T

T

W!

22 U

352)c*)6*/•!

23

)2*! T

/•Lwfkekcn!

24

tgxkgy! qh! fgvgtokpcvkqpu! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 352)c*)6*! ku!

25

cxckncdng! kp! cp! cevkqp! wpfgt! uwdugevkqp! )c*/!

26

)3*! P

/•Pqv.

27

ykvjuvcpfkpi! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp! qh! ncy! )uvcvwvqt{! qt!

28

pqpuvcvwvqt{*-! kpenwfkpi! ugevkqp! 3352! qh! vkvng! 39-!

29

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! cp{! qvjgt! jcdgcu! eqtrwu! rtqxk.

2;

ukqp-! qt! ugevkqpu! 2472! cpf! 2762! qh! uwej! vkvng-! pq!

31

eqwtv! ujcnn! jcxg! lwtkufkevkqp! vq! tgxkgy! cp{! ecwug! qt!

32

encko-! ctkukpi! htqo-! qt! tgncvkpi! vq-! cp{! ejcnngpig! vq!

33

vjg!qtkikpcn!qtfgt//!

34

)e*! G

F /•Vjg! cogpfogpvu! ocfg! d{!

35 uwdugevkqpu! )c*! cpf! )d*! ujcnn! vcmg! ghhgev! cu! kh! gpcevgf! qp!

36 Crtkn! 2-! 2;;8-! cpf! ujcnn! crrn{! vq! cnn! qtfgtu! tgkpuvcvgf! qt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1471 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11274 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 165 of 185

275!

2 chvgt!vjcv!fcvg!d{!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!)qt!

3 d{!vjg!Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn!rtkqt!vq!Octej!2-!3114*-!tgictf.

4 nguu!qh!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!qtkikpcn!qtfgt/!

5 UGE/! 716/! ENCTKHKECVKQP! YKVJ! TGURGEV! VQ! FGHKPKVKQP!

6

QH!CFOKUUKQP/!

7

Ugevkqp! 212)c*)24*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

8 vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2212)c*)24*)C**! ku! cogpfgf! d{!

9 cffkpi! cv! vjg! gpf! vjg! hqnnqykpi<! Cp! cnkgpu! cflwuvogpv!

; qh!uvcvwu!vq!vjcv!qh!ncyhwn!rgtocpgpv!tgukfgpv!uvcvwu!wpfgt!

21 cp{! rtqxkukqp! qh! vjku! Cev-! qt! wpfgt! cp{! qvjgt! rtqxkukqp!

22 qh!ncy-!ujcnn!dg!eqpukfgtgf!cp!cfokuukqp!hqt!cp{!rwtrqug!

23 wpfgt! vjku! Cev-! gxgp! kh! vjg! cflwuvogpv! qh! uvcvwu! qeewttgf!

24 yjkng!vjg!cnkgp!ycu!rtgugpv!kp!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu//!

25 UGE/!717/!TGRQTVU!VQ!EQPITGUU/!

26

)c*! K I

/•Pqv! ncvgt! vjcp! 41! fc{u! chvgt! vjg!

27 gpf! qh! gcej! swctvgt! qh! c! hkuecn! {gct-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

28 Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! gcej!

29 rtqxkfg! vq! vjg! Eqookvvgg! qp! vjg! Lwfkekct{! qh! vjg! Ugpcvg!

2; cpf!vjg!Eqookvvgg!qp!vjg!Lwfkekct{!qh!vjg!Jqwug!qh!Tgr.

31 tgugpvcvkxgu!c!tgrqtv!qp!vjg!hqnnqykpi<!

32

)2*! Cnkgpu! crrtgjgpfgf! qt! cttguvgf! d{! Uvcvg! qt!

33

nqecn! ncy! gphqtegogpv! cigpekgu! yjq! ygtg! kfgpvkhkgf!

34

d{! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! kp! vjg! rtg.

35

xkqwu! swctvgt! cpf! hqt! yjqo! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

36

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! fkf! pqv! kuuwg! fgvckpgtu! cpf! fkf!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1472 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11275 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 166 of 185

276!

2

pqv! vcmg! kpvq! ewuvqf{! fgurkvg! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh!

3

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{u! hkpfkpiu! vjcv! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg!

4

kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

5

)3*! Cnkgpu! yjq! ygtg! crrnkecpvu! hqt! cfokuukqp! kp!

6

vjg! rtgxkqwu! swctvgt! dwv! pqv! engctn{! cpf! dg{qpf! c!

7

fqwdv! gpvkvngf! vq! dg! cfokvvgf! d{! cp! kookitcvkqp! qh.

8

hkegt! cpf! yjq! ygtg! pqv! fgvckpgf! cu! tgswktgf! rwtuw.

9

cpv! vq! ugevkqp! 346)d*)3*)C*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

;

Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2336)d*)3*)C**/!

21

)4*! Cnkgpu! yjq! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! swctvgt! ygtg!

22

hqwpf! d{! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qhhkekcnu!

23

rgthqtokpi! fwvkgu! tgncvgf! vq! vjg! cflwfkecvkqp! qh! cr.

24

rnkecvkqpu! hqt! kookitcvkqp! dgpghkvu! qt! vjg! gphqteg.

25

ogpv! qh! vjg! kookitcvkqp! ncyu! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt!

26

fgrqtvcdng! yjq! ygtg! pqv! kuuwgf! pqvkegu! vq! crrgct!

27

rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp! 34;! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;*!

28

qt! rncegf! kpvq! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uge.

29

vkqp! 351! )9! W/U/E/! 233;c*-! wpnguu! vjg! cnkgpu! ygtg!

2;

rncegf! kpvq! gzrgfkvgf! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! rwtuwcpv!

31

vq! ugevkqp! 346)d*)2*)C*)k*! )9! W/U/E/!

32

2336)d*)2*)C*)6**! qt! ugevkqp! 349! )9! W/U/E/! 2339*-!

33

ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! rwtuwcpv! vq! uge.

34

vkqp! 351D-! ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn! rwtuw.

35

cpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! ngicn! pqpkookitcpv! qt!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1473 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11276 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 167 of 185

277!

2

kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! qt! ygtg! fgvgt.

3

okpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

4

)5*! Cnkgpu! kuuwgf! pqvkegu! vq! crrgct! vjcv! ygtg!

5

ecpegnngf! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu! swctvgt! fgurkvg! vjg! Fgrctv.

6

ogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{u! hkpfkpiu! vjcv! vjg! cnkgpu!

7

ygtg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng-! wpnguu! vjg! cnkgpu!

8

ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcv.

9

wvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! rwtuwcpv! vq!

;

ugevkqp! 351D! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 233;e*-! qt! ygtg!

21

itcpvgf! ngicn! pqpkookitcpv! qt! kookitcpv! uvcvwu!

22

rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg/!

23

)6*! Cnkgpu! yjq! ygtg! rncegf! kpvq! tgoqxcn! rtq.

24

eggfkpiu-! yjqug! tgoqxcn! rtqeggfkpiu! ygtg! vgtok.

25

pcvgf! qt! cfokpkuvtcvkxgn{! enqugf! kp! vjg! rtgxkqwu!

26

swctvgt! rtkqt! vq! vjgkt! eqpenwukqp-! wpnguu! vjg! cnkgpu!

27

ygtg! itcpvgf! tgnkgh! htqo! tgoqxcn! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcv.

28

wvg-! ygtg! itcpvgf! xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! rwtuwcpv! vq!

29

ugevkqp! 351D-! ygtg! itcpvgf! ngicn! pqpkookitcpv! qt!

2;

kookitcpv! uvcvwu! rwtuwcpv! vq! uvcvwvg-! qt! ygtg! fgvgt.

31

okpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfokuukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

32

)7*! Cnkgpu! itcpvgf! rctqng! rwtuwcpv! vq! ugevkqp!

33

323)f*)6*)C*! qh! uwej! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2293)f*)6*)C**/!

34

)8*! Cnkgpu! itcpvgf! fghgttgf! cevkqp-! gzvgpfgf!

35

xqnwpvct{! fgrctvwtg! qt! cp{! qvjgt! v{rg! qh! tgnkgh! htqo!

36

tgoqxcn! pqv! urgekhkgf! kp! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1474 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11277 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 168 of 185

278!

2

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! qt! yjgtg! fgvgtokpgf! pqv! vq! dg! kpcfoku.

3

ukdng! qt! fgrqtvcdng/!

4

)9*! Cnkgpu! tgngcugf! htqo! ewuvqf{-! kpenwfkpi! vjg!

5

pwodgt! qh! tgngcugu-! vjg! pwodgt! qh! cnkgpu! yjq! ygtg!

6

tgngcugf! yjq! jcxg! c! etkokpcn! jkuvqt{-! vjg! igpgtcn!

7

tgcuqpu! hqt! tgngcug-! vjg! eqpfkvkqpu! qh! tgngcug-! cpf! vjg!

8

|kr! eqfgu! qh! vjg! ncuv! mpqyp! cfftguugu/!

9

);*! Cnkgpu! itcpvgf! cp! cfokpkuvtcvkxg! uvc{! qh! tg.

;

oqxcn-! qt! qvjgtykug! rgtokvvgf! vq! tgockp! kp! vjg!

21

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! vjtqwij! cp{! ukoknct! rtqeguu! d{! W/U/!

22

Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv/!

23

)d*!E

T

/•Vjg!tgrqtv!ujcnn!kpenwfg!

24 c!nkuvkpi!qh!gcej!cnkgp!fguetkdgf!kp!gcej!rctcitcrj!qh!uwd.

25 ugevkqp! )c*-! kpenwfkpi! yjgp! kp! vjg! rquuguukqp! qh! vjg! Fg.

26 rctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! vjgkt! pcogu-! hkpigtrtkpv!

27 kfgpvkhkecvkqp! pwodgtu-! cnkgp! tgikuvtcvkqp! pwodgtu-! cpf!

28 tgcuqp!yj{!gcej!ycu!itcpvgf!vjg!v{rg!qh!rtqugewvqtkcn!fku.

29 etgvkqp! tgegkxgf/! Vjg! tgrqtv! ujcnn! cnuq! kpenwfg! ewttgpv!

2; etkokpcn! jkuvqtkgu! qp! gcej! cnkgp! htqo! vjg! Hgfgtcn! Dwtgcw!

31 qh!Kpxguvkicvkqp/!

32 UGE/!718/!EGTVCKP!CEVKXKVKGU!TGUVTKEVGF/!

33

)c*!K I

/•!

34

)2*! R

/•Pq!

35

hwpfu-! tguqwtegu-! qt! hggu! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! vjg! Uge.

36

tgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! qt! vq! cp{! qvjgt! qhhkekcn!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1475 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11278 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 169 of 185

279!

2

qh! c! Hgfgtcn! cigpe{-! d{! vjku! Cev! qt! cp{! qvjgt! Cev!

3

hqt! cp{! hkuecn! {gct-! kpenwfkpi! cp{! fgrqukvu! kpvq! vjg!

4

Kookitcvkqp! Gzcokpcvkqpu! Hgg! Ceeqwpv! guvcd.

5

nkujgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp! 397)o*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf!

6

Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2467)o**-!oc{! dg!wugf! vq!

7

korngogpv-! cfokpkuvgt-!gphqteg-! qt!ectt{!qwv!)kpenwf.

8

kpi! vjtqwij! vjg! kuuwcpeg! qh! cp{! tgiwncvkqpu*! cp{! qh!

9

vjg! rqnke{! ejcpigu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjg! hqnnqykpi! ogoq.

;

tcpfc! )qt! cp{! uwduvcpvkcnn{! ukoknct! rqnke{! ejcpigu!

21

kuuwgf! qt! vcmgp! qp! qt! chvgt! Lcpwct{! ;-! 3126-! yjgvj.

22

gt! ugv! hqtvj! kp! ogoqtcpfwo-! Gzgewvkxg! qtfgt-! tgiw.

23

ncvkqp-! fktgevkxg-! qt! d{! qvjgt! cevkqp*<!

24

)C*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt! qh!

25

Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

26

hqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqteg.

27

ogpv<! Rtkqtkvkgu! hqt! vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgp.

28

vkqp-! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh! Cnkgpu! fcvgf! Octej! 3-!

29

3122/!

2;

)D*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt!

31

qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

32

hqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi! Rtqugewvqtkcn!

33

Fkuetgvkqp! Eqpukuvgpv! ykvj! vjg! Ekxkn! Kookitc.

34

vkqp! Gphqtegogpv! Rtkqtkvkgu! qh! vjg! Cigpe{! hqt!

35

vjg! Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp-! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh!

36

Cnkgpu! fcvgf! Lwpg! 28-! 3122/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1476 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11279 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 170 of 185

27;!

2

)E*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtkpekrcn!

3

Ngicn! Cfxkuqt! qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp!

4

cpf! Ewuvqou! Gphqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Ecug.d{.!

5

Ecug! Tgxkgy! qh! Kpeqokpi! cpf! Egtvckp! Rgpfkpi!

6

Ecugu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 28-! 3122/!

7

)F*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Fktgevqt!

8

qh! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Ewuvqou! Gp.

9

hqtegogpv! gpvkvngf! Ekxkn! Kookitcvkqp! Gphqteg.

;

ogpv<! Iwkfcpeg! qp! vjg! Wug! qh! Fgvckpgtu! kp! vjg!

21

Hgfgtcn-! Uvcvg-! Nqecn-! cpf! Vtkdcn! Etkokpcn! Lwu.

22

vkeg! U{uvgou! fcvgf! Fgegodgt! 32-! 3123/!

23

)G*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

24

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Uqwvjgtp! Dqt.

25

fgt! cpf! Crrtqcejgu! Ecorckip! fcvgf! Pqxgo.

26

dgt! 31-! 3125/!

27

)H*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

28

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! hqt! vjg!

29

Crrtgjgpukqp-! Fgvgpvkqp! cpf! Tgoqxcn! qh! Wp.

2;

fqewogpvgf! Kookitcpvu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-!

31

3125/!

32

)I*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

33

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Ugewtg! Eqoow.

34

pkvkgu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

35

)J*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

36

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzgtekukpi!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1477 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!1127; Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 171 of 185

281!

2

Rtqugewvqtkcn! Fkuetgvkqp! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Kpfk.

3

xkfwcnu! Yjq! Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejkn.

4

ftgp! cpf! ykvj! Tgurgev! vq! Egtvckp! Kpfkxkfwcnu!

5

Yjq! Ctg! vjg! Rctgpvu! qh! W/U/! Ekvk|gpu! qt! Rgt.

6

ocpgpv! Tgukfgpvu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

7

)K*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

8

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Gzrcpukqp! qh!

9

vjg! Rtqxkukqpcn! Yckxgt! Rtqitco! fcvgf! Pqxgo.

;

dgt! 31-! 3125/!

21

)L*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

22

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! Uwr.

23

rqtvkpi! W/U/! Jkij.Umknngf! Dwukpguugu! cpf!

24

Yqtmgtu! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

25

)M*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

26

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Hcoknkgu! qh!

27

W/U/! Ctogf! Hqtegu! Ogodgtu! cpf! Gpnkuvggu!

28

fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

29

)N*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

2;

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Fktgevkxg! vq!

31

Rtqxkfg! Eqpukuvgpe{! Tgictfkpi! Cfxcpeg! Rc.

32

tqng! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

33

)O*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Ugetgvct{!

34

qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! gpvkvngf! Rqnkekgu! vq! Rtq.

35

oqvg! cpf! Kpetgcug! Ceeguu! vq! W/U/! Ekvk|gpujkr!

36

fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 31-! 3125/!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1478 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11281 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 172 of 185

282!

2

)P*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv!

3

gpvkvngf! Oqfgtpk|kpi! cpf! Uvtgconkpkpi! vjg!

4

W/U/! Kookitcpv! Xkuc! U{uvgo! hqt! vjg! 32uv! Egp.

5

vwt{! fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 32-! 3125/!

6

)Q*! Vjg! ogoqtcpfwo! htqo! vjg! Rtgukfgpv!

7

gpvkvngf! Etgcvkpi! Ygneqokpi! Eqoowpkvkgu! cpf!

8

Hwnn{! Kpvgitcvkpi! Kookitcpvu! cpf! Tghwiggu!

9

fcvgf! Pqxgodgt! 32-! 3125/!

;

)3*! P

/•Vjg! ogoqtcpfc! tg.

21

hgttgf! vq! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! )qt! cp{! uwduvcpvkcnn{! ukok.

22

nct! rqnke{! ejcpigu! kuuwgf! qt! vcmgp! qp! qt! chvgt! Lcpw.

23

ct{! ;-! 3126-! yjgvjgt! ugv! hqtvj! kp! ogoqtcpfwo-! Gz.

24

gewvkxg! qtfgt-! tgiwncvkqp-! fktgevkxg-! qt! d{! qvjgt! ce.

25

vkqp*! jcxg! pq! uvcvwvqt{! qt! eqpuvkvwvkqpcn! dcuku! cpf!

26

vjgtghqtg! jcxg! pq! ngicn! ghhgev/!

27

)4*! R

/•Pq!

28

hwpfu! qt! hggu! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh!

29

Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! qt! vq! cp{! qvjgt! qhhkekcn! qh! c!

2;

Hgfgtcn! cigpe{-! d{! vjku! Cev! qt! cp{! qvjgt! Cev! hqt! cp{!

31

hkuecn! {gct-! kpenwfkpi! cp{! fgrqukvu! kpvq! vjg! Kook.

32

itcvkqp! Gzcokpcvkqpu! Hgg! Ceeqwpv! guvcdnkujgf!

33

wpfgt! ugevkqp! 397)o*! qh! vjg! Kookitcvkqp! cpf! Pc.

34

vkqpcnkv{! Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2467)o**-! oc{! dg! wugf! vq!

35

itcpv! cp{! Hgfgtcn! dgpghkv! vq! cp{! cnkgp! rwtuwcpv! vq!

36

cp{! qh! vjg! rqnke{! ejcpigu! ugv! hqtvj! kp! vjg! ogoq.

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

•U! 2751! KU
1479 XgtFcvg!Ugr!22!3125! 17<45!Lwp!35-!3126 Lmv!15;311 RQ!11111 Hto!11282 Hov!7763 Uhov!7312 G<^DKNNU^U2751/KU U2751

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 173 of 185

283!

2

tcpfc! tghgttgf! vq! kp! uwdugevkqp! )c*! )qt! cp{! uwduvcp.

3

vkcnn{! ukoknct! rqnke{! ejcpigu! kuuwgf! qt! vcmgp! qp! qt!

4

chvgt! Lcpwct{! ;-! 3126-! yjgvjgt! ugv! hqtvj! kp! ogoq.

5

tcpfwo-! Gzgewvkxg! qtfgt-! tgiwncvkqp-! fktgevkxg-! qt! d{!

6

qvjgt!cevkqp*/!

7

)d*! F

C

E

C.

8 /•Pq! hwpfu-! tguqwtegu-! qt! hggu! ocfg! cxckncdng! vq! vjg!

9 Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! qt! vq! cp{! qvjgt! qhhkekcn!

; qh!c!Hgfgtcn!cigpe{-!d{!vjku!Cev!qt!cp{!qvjgt!Cev!hqt!cp{!

21 hkuecn! {gct-! kpenwfkpi! cp{! fgrqukvu! kpvq! vjg! Kookitcvkqp!

22 Gzcokpcvkqpu! Hgg! Ceeqwpv! guvcdnkujgf! wpfgt! ugevkqp!

23 397)o*!qh!vjg!Kookitcvkqp!cpf!Pcvkqpcnkv{!Cev!)9!W/U/E/!

24 2467)o**-!oc{!dg!wugf!vq!eqpukfgt!qt!cflwfkecvg!cp{!pgy-!

25 tgpgycn-!qt!rtgxkqwun{!fgpkgf!crrnkecvkqp!hqt!cp{!cnkgp!tg.

26 swguvkpi! eqpukfgtcvkqp! qh! fghgttgf! cevkqp! rwtuwcpv! vq! vjg!

27 iwkfcpeg! kp! vjg! Lwpg! 26-! 3123-! ogoqtcpfwo! gpvkvngf!

28 Gzgtekukpi!Rtqugewvqtkcn!Fkuetgvkqp!ykvj!Tgurgev!vq!Kpfk.

29 xkfwcnu! Yjq! Ecog! vq! vjg! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! cu! Ejknftgp! )qt!

2; cp{! uwduvcpvkcnn{! ukoknct! rqnke{! ejcpigu! kuuwgf! qt! vcmgp!

31 qp! qt! chvgt! Lcpwct{! ;-! 3126-! yjgvjgt! ugv! hqtvj! kp! ogoq.

32 tcpfwo-!Gzgewvkxg!qtfgt-!tgiwncvkqp-!fktgevkxg-!qt!d{!qvjgt!

33 cevkqp*/!

34 UGE/!719/!ICQ!UVWF[!QP!FGCVJU!KP!EWUVQF[/!

35

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36 uwdokv!vq!Eqpitguu!ykvjkp!7!oqpvju!chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!

UUrgpegt!qp!FUM5URVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 174 of 185

284!

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4 tkv{/! Vjg! tgrqtv! ujcnn! kpenwfg! vjg! hqnnqykpi! kphqtocvkqp!

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6 ykvj<!

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24

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25

fgvckpggu/!

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27

vq! vjg! Fgcvju! kp! Ewuvqf{! Tgrqtvkpi! Rtqitco/!

28 UGE/!71;/!TGOQXCN!RTQEGGFKPIU/!

29

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31 cv!vjg!gpf!vjg!hqnnqykpi!rctcitcrj<!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 175 of 185

285! 2 UGE/! 721/! GNKOKPCVKPI! DCEMNQI! KP! VJG! KOOKITCVKQP!

3

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23

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25

c! hkpcn! fgekukqp! hqt! cp! crrnkecvkqp! uwdokvvgf! wpfgt!

26

vjku!ugevkqp//!

27 UGE/! 722/! RTQRGT! HKNKPI! QH! KPEQOG! VCZGU! TGSWKTGF!

28

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29

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2; Cev!)9!W/U/E/!2212)h**!ku!cogpfgf!d{!kpugtvkpi!chvgt!rctc.

31 itcrj!)2*!vjg!hqnnqykpi!rctcitcrj<!

32

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33

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 176 of 185
KK!
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Lwfkekct{!

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2

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3 vkxgu!qh!vjg!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!qh!Cogtkec!kp!Eqpitguu!cuugodngf-!

4 UGEVKQP!2/!UJQTV!VKVNG/!

5

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6 ykvj! Uvcvgu! cpf! Nqecn! Iqxgtpogpvu! cpf! Rtgxgpvkpi! vjg!

7 Ecvej!cpf!Tgngcug!qh!Etkokpcn!Cnkgpu!Cev!qh!3126/!

8 UGE/!3/!FGHKPKVKQPU/!

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Hqt!rwtrqugu!qh!vjku!Cev<!

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uoctvkpg|!qp!FUM5VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 177 of 185

3!

2

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3

cnkgp! ogcpu! cp{! cnkgp! yjq!

4

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5

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6

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7

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23

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25

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26

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27

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28

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34

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35

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36

vjg! qhhkegtu! tqwvkpg! ncy! gphqtegogpv! fwvkgu/!

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 178 of 185

4! 2 UGE/! 4/! NKOKVU! QP! HGFGTCN! HWPFKPI! HQT! UVCVG! CPF!

3

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5 qh! vjg! hwpfkpi! fguetkdgf! kp! uwdugevkqp! )d*! kh! vjg! lwtkufke.

6 vkqp!fqgu!pqv!eqqrgtcvg!ykvj!Hgfgtcn!qhhkekcnu!ykvj!tgurgev!

7 vq! etkokpcn! cnkgpu! qt! qvjgt! cnkgpu! fggogf! vq! dg! c! rtkqtkv{!

8 hqt! tgoqxcn! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp.

9 enwfkpi!d{!tghwukpi•!

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21

rwtuwcpv! vq! fgvckpgtu! rncegf! wrqp! uwej! cnkgpu=! qt!

22

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24

)d*! T

H

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25 kp!vjku!uwdugevkqp!eqpukuvu!qh•!

26

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27

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28

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31

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32

cpf!

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34

eqpvtcevu! cyctfgf! d{! vjg! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Jqogncpf!

35

Ugewtkv{! qt! Fgrctvogpv! qh! Lwuvkeg-! yjkej! oc{! dg!

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fgukipcvgf! d{! vjg! tgngxcpv! Ugetgvct{! qt! vjg! Cvvqtpg{!

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uoctvkpg|!qp!FUM5VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 179 of 185

5!

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3 ujcnn!dgeqog!gnkikdng!vq!tgegkxg!hwpfu-!itcpvu-!qt!eqpvtcevu!

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5 ncpf! Ugewtkv{-! kp! eqpuwnvcvkqp! ykvj! vjg! Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn-!

6 egtvkhkgu!vjcv•!

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9

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;

cpf!

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23

qhhkegtu! htqo! cuukuvkpi! qt! eqqrgtcvkpi! ykvj! Hgfgtcn!

24

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25

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26

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/•Cp{! hwpfu! vjcv! ctg! ykvjjgnf!

28 htqo!c!lwtkufkevkqp!rwtuwcpv!vq!vjku!ugevkqp!ujcnn!dg!tgcnnq.

29 ecvgf! d{! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! qt! d{! vjg!

2; Cvvqtpg{!Igpgtcn-!kp!eqpuwnvcvkqp!ykvj!gcej!qvjgt-!gswcnn{!

31 coqpi•!

32

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33

yjkej•!

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35

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36

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uoctvkpg|!qp!FUM5VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 180 of 185

6!

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3

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4

cpf!

5

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6

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7 UGE/!5/!VTCPURCTGPE[!CPF!CEEQWPVCDKNKV[/!

8

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; vjgtgchvgt-! vjg! Ugetgvct{! qh! Jqogncpf! Ugewtkv{! cpf! vjg!

21 Cvvqtpg{! Igpgtcn! ujcnn! lqkpvn{! rwdnkuj-! qp! vjg! ygdukvgu! qh!

22 vjgkt!tgurgevkxg!fgrctvogpvu•!

23

)2*! c! nkuv! qh! ucpevwct{! lwtkufkevkqpu=! cpf!

24

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25

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26

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27

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29 chvgt!vjg!fcvg!qh!vjg!gpcevogpv!qh!vjku!Cev-!cpf!swctvgtn{!

2; vjgtgchvgt-!vjg!Ugetgvct{!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugewtkv{!ujcnn!rwd.

31 nkuj-!qp!vjg!ygdukvg!qh!vjg!Fgrctvogpv!qh!Jqogncpf!Ugew.

32 tkv{•!

33

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34

hqt! pqvkhkecvkqp! qh! vjg! tgngcug! qh! cp{! cnkgp! vjcv! jcu!

35

dggp! kuuwgf! vq! gcej! Uvcvg! qt! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp=!

36

cpf!

uoctvkpg|!qp!FUM5VRVXP2RTQF!ykvj!DKNNU

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-10 Filed 09/28/17 Page 181 of 185

7!

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4

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5 UGE/!6/!KPETGCUG!KP!RGPCNV[!HQT!TGGPVT[!D[!TGOQXGF!

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8 Cev! )9! W/U/E/! 2437)c**! ku! cogpfgf-! kp! vjg! wpfgukipcvgf!

9 ocvvgt! hqnnqykpi! rctcitcrj! )3*)D*-! d{! uvtkmkpi! ujcnn! dg!

; hkpgf! wpfgt! vkvng! 29-! Wpkvgf! Uvcvgu! Eqfg-! qt! kortkuqpgf!

21 pqv! oqtg! vjcp! 3! {gctu-! qt! dqvj! cpf! kpugtvkpi! ujcnn! dg!

22 kortkuqpgf!hqt!pqv!nguu!vjcp!6!{gctu!cpf!oc{!cnuq!dg!hkpgf!

23 wpfgt!vkvng!29-!Wpkvgf!Uvcvgu!Eqfg/!

24 UGE/!7/!UCXKPIU!RTQXKUKQPU/!

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Pqvjkpi!kp!vjku!Cev!oc{!dg!eqpuvtwgf•!

26

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27

Uvcvg! qt! c! rqnkvkecn! uwdfkxkukqp! qh! c! Uvcvg! vq! tgrqtv!

28

qt! cttguv! xkevkou! qt! ykvpguugu! qh! c! etkokpcn! qhhgpug=!

29

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31

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32

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 1 of 11
EXHIBIT F

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 2 of 11
The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

Analysis of FY 2016 Byrne JAG Award Special Conditions

No.

FY 2016 Byrne JAG Special Condition

Category1

Explanation for Categorization of Condition

1. Compliance with Uniform Administrative

(2), (3) This condition ensures programmatic and financial

Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

Requirements in 2 C.F.R. Parts 200, 2800

10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating existing federal

regulations that deal with recipients of “federal

awards,” 2 C.F.R. Parts 200 & 2800.

2. Compliance with the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) (2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

Grants Financial Guide

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(a)(4).

3. Required Office of Justice Programs (“OJP”) “financial (2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

management and grant administration training” for

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

Point of Contact and all Financial Points of Contact

10153(a)(4).

4. Required notification regarding use of “de minimis”

(2), (3) This condition ensures programmatic and financial

indirect cost rate under 2 C.F.R. § 200.414(f) and

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

limitation to use rate only for modified total direct

10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating an existing

costs

federal regulation that deals with recipients of “federal

awards,” 2 C.F.R. § 200.414(f).

5. Requirement to report potentially duplicative funding (2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(a)(4).

6. Compliance with System for Award Management and (2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

Universal Identified requirements

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(a)(4).

1 Category Legend: (1): Conditions to ensure projects comply with provisions and meet requirements of “this part,” including the requirement that the Attorney General provide “technical assistance and training.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A), (D); id. § 10153(b)(1). (2): Conditions to “maintain and report such data, records, and information (programmatic and financial) as the Attorney General may reasonably require.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4). (3): Conditions regarding “all other applicable Federal laws,” i.e., federal statutes, regulations, and presidential executive orders that directly apply to federal grantees or recipients of other federal funds. 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D).

1

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The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

7. Requirement that subawards have specific federal

(1)

authorization

8. Requirement of approval from OJP for non-competitive (2) contract bidding
9. Compliance with “applicable requirements (including (3) requirements to report allegations) pertaining to prohibited conduct related to the trafficking of persons, whether on the part of recipients, subrecipients (‘subgrantees’), or . . . ‘employees’ of the recipient or of any subrecipient”

This condition ensures that federal awards are spent— through any sub-awarding to new entities—on the programmatic purposes set forth by the JAG statute, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A). This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4). This condition references a federal statute that directly speaks to federal grantees. See 22 U.S.C. § 7104(g) (“The President shall ensure that any grant, contract, or cooperative agreement provided or entered into by a Federal department or agency under which funds are to be provided to a private entity . . . shall include a condition that authorizes the department or agency to terminate the grant . . . if the grantee or any subgrantee, or the contractor or any subcontractor, engages in, or uses labor recruiters, brokers, or other agents who engage in severe forms of trafficking in persons . . .”).

10. Compliance with “applicable laws, regulations, policies, and official OJP guidance . . . governing the use of federal funds for expenses related to conferences.”

(2), (3)

11. Requirement for data on performance and effectiveness (2) under the award

12. Requirement that any trainings adhere to OJP’s

(1)

“Training Guiding Principles for Grantees” (which

provide, inter alia, that “[t]he content of training

programs must be . . . well-matched to the program’s

stated objectives” and that trainers “must be well-

qualified”)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), and does so by referring to existing federal laws that regulate federal grantees’ use of funds for conferences. This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4). This conditions ensures that allocated funds support the program goals of Byrne JAG, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A), by requiring that any trainings funded by JAG awards deliver high-quality materials.

2

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The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

13. Agreement that OJP “may withhold award funds[] or (2), (3)

may impose other related requirements” if “the

recipient does not satisfactorily and promptly address

outstanding issues from audits required by the Part 200

Uniform Requirements (or by the terms of this award)”

14. Agreement to comply with additional requirements

(2)

during performance of award if grantee is designated as

“high-risk”

15. Compliance with DOJ regulations pertaining to civil (3) rights and nondiscrimination under 28 C.F.R Part 42

This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating existing federal regulations that deal with recipients of “federal awards,” 2 C.F.R. Part 200. This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating existing federal regulations that deal with “high-risk [federal] grantees,” 28 C.F.R. § 66.12. This condition refers to federal regulations which in turn implement various federal statutes, which aim to eliminate discrimination in programs receiving Federal financial assistance. See:
 28 C.F.R. § 42.101 (“The purpose of this subpart is to implement the provisions of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 78 Stat. 252 . . . , to the end that no person . . . shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be . . . subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance from the Department of Justice.”).
 28 C.F.R. § 42.201 (“The purpose of this subpart is to implement the provisions of section 815(c) of the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979 [42 U.S.C. 3789d(c)]; title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000d; and title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. 1681, et seq., to the end that no person in any State shall on the ground of race, color, national origin, sex, or religion be . . . subjected to discrimination under, or be denied employment in connection with any program or activity funded in whole or in part with funds made

3

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 5 of 11
The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

16. Compliance with DOJ regulations pertaining to civil (3) rights and nondiscrimination under 28 C.F.R. Part 38

17. Restrictions on use of funds for “lobbying”

(2), (3)

available under either the Justice System Improvement Act or the Juvenile Justice Act by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, the National Institute of Justice, or the Bureau of Justice Statistics.”)
 28 C.F.R. § 42.302 (citing authority under the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 and imposing requirement “to formulate, implement and maintain an equal employment opportunity program” on recipients of Law Enforcement Assistance Agency assistance funds)
 28 C.F.R. § 42.501 (“The purpose of this subpart is to implement section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of handicap in any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.”)
 28 C.F.R. § 42.700 (“This subpart implements the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 . . . . Subject to certain exceptions, the Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of age in programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance.”).
This condition therefore traces to a series of federal statutes that in turn directly speak to federal grantees. This condition refers to federal regulations that prohibit discrimination against faith-based organizations in “program[s] supported with Federal financial assistance” or by “any State or local government receiving [federal] funds.” See 28 C.F.R. §§ 38.2(a), 38.4(a). This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating federal statutes that prohibit recipients of “appropriated [federal]

4

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 6 of 11
The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

moneys” from using those funds for lobbying. 18

U.S.C. § 1913; 31 U.S.C. § 1352.

18. Compliance with general appropriations-law

(2), (3) This condition ensures programmatic and financial

restrictions on the use of federal funds (FY 2017)

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating federal statutes

that regulate the use of federal funds.

19. Requirement that recipient refer any credible evidence (2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

of violations of the False Claims Act or fraud, waste,

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

and abuse

10153(a)(4).

20. Restrictions on requiring employees to sign agreements (2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

prohibiting reporting of waste, fraud, or abuse

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(a)(4).

21. Compliance with 41 U.S.C. § 4712

(2), (3) This condition ensures programmatic and financial

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating a federal statute

that provides that an employee of a “grantee” may not

be “discharged . . . as a reprisal for disclosing . . .

information that the employee reasonably believes is

evidence of gross mismanagement of a Federal contract

or grant, a gross waste of Federal funds . . .” 41 U.S.C.

§ 4712(a).

22. Encouragement of policies to ban texting while driving Not

This is not a binding condition, just an

obligatory “encouragement.”

23. Compliance with OJP Monitoring requests “including (1), (2) This condition ensures programmatic and financial

requests related to desk reviews . . . and/or site visits,”

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

to ensure that funds are being effectively spent on

10153(a)(4), and also ensures that funds are spent on

programs set forth in the application .

the purposes set forth in the JAG statute, as per 34

U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A).

24. Compliance with requirements to report certain

(2), (3) This condition ensures programmatic and financial

subawards and requirements to report names and

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

compensation of certain executives under the Federal

10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating a federal statute

Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006

and implementing regulations that demand the

collection of certain information from federal grantees.

5

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 7 of 11
The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

25. Compliance with Part 200 Uniform Requirements in use of program income

(2), (3)

26. Compliance with guidelines and recommendations of DOJ’s Global Justice Sharing Initiative for this particular award.

(1), (2)

27. Requirement to use existing information technology (1), (2) networks “to the extent possible” for initiatives funded by BJA

28. Compliance with Criminal Intelligence Systems

(3)

Operating Policies in 28 C.F.R. Part 23 (if applicable)

29. Compliance with protections for human research

(3)

See P.L. 109-282 (2006); 2 C.F.R. § 170.100 et seq. This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating existing federal regulations that deal with recipients of “federal awards,” 2 C.F.R. Part 200. This condition is a use restriction that seeks to bolster Byrne JAG’s programmatic goal of strengthening localities’ criminal justice systems, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A) (by encouraging localities to share information on best practices), and to foster programmatic integrity, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4). This condition is a use restriction that seeks to bolster Byrne JAG’s programmatic goal of strengthening localities’ criminal justice systems, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A) (by encouraging localities to spend any JAG money on IT networks that are interoperable across states), and to foster programmatic integrity, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4). This condition refers to a federal regulation and a federal statute that directly speak to grantees. See 28 C.F.R. § 23.1 (requiring that “criminal intelligence systems operating through support under the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 . . . are utilized in conformance with the privacy and constitutional rights of individuals”); 34 U.S.C. § 10231(c)-(d) (providing that “[a]ll criminal intelligence systems operating through support under this chapter shall collect, maintain, and disseminate criminal intelligence information in . . . [a manner that] assure[s] that such systems are not utilized in violation of the privacy and constitutional rights of individuals.”). This condition refers to federal regulations that directly

6

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The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

subjects under 28 C.F.R. Part 46

30. Compliance with requirements for confidentiality of (3) data

31. Requirement to verify and update Point of Contact info (2)
32. Completion of required training for law enforcement (1) task forces funded with JAG funds

33. Participation in BJA-sponsored training events,

(1)

“technical assistance events,” or conferences

34. Requirement of approval for consultant rates in excess (2) of $650 per day
35. Compliance with the National Environmental Policy (3)

speak to the use of federal funds. See 28 C.F.R. § 46.103 (“Each institution engaged in research . . . which is conducted or supported by a federal department or agency shall provide written assurance satisfactory to the department or agency head that it will comply with the requirements set forth in this policy.”). This condition refers to a federal statute that directly speaks to federal grantees. See 34 U.S.C. § 10231 (“no recipient of assistance under the provisions of this chapter shall use or reveal any research or statistical information furnished under this chapter . . . for any purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained in accordance with this chapter”). This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4). This condition is a use restriction that seeks to bolster Byrne JAG’s programmatic goal of strengthening localities’ criminal justice systems, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A), by ensuring that “each current member of a law enforcement task force funded with these funds . . .will complete required online . . . task force training.” This condition seeks to ensure that funds are spent to further Byrne JAG statute’s programmatic goals, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A), and implements the authorization of authority to the Attorney General to provide technical assistance, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(b)(1). This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4). This condition refers to a federal statute (NEPA),

7

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 9 of 11
The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

Act (“NEPA”), National Historic Preservation Act (“NHPA”), and “related environmental impact analyses requirements in the use of these award funds”

36. Requirement to establish a trust fund account

(1), (2)

37. Prohibition on use of award funds for 50% match under (3) Bulletproof Vest Partnership Program

38. Ballistic-resistant and stab-resistant body armor

(3)

purchased with JAG funds must comply with

applicable National Institute of Justice ballistic or stab

standards

39. Certification of body armor “mandatory wear” policies (3) for uniformed officers

which in turn imposes environmentally-related requirements on “any federal project, decision, or action, including grants.” U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Guidance (last visited Sept. 25, 2017), https://goo.gl/NKAUfs. This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), by in turn imposing a condition that comes from the JAG statute itself, see 34 U.S.C. § 10158. This condition implements a federal statute that directly speaks to federal grantees, in prohibiting them from “us[ing] funding received under any other Federal grant program . . . to pay or defer the cost . . . of the matching requirement” of the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Program. 34 U.S.C. § 10531(f). This condition implements Subchapter V of Chapter 101 of Title 34 (the same subchapter in which the JAG program is codified), which requires that “a grantee that uses funds made available under this subchapter to purchase an armor vest or body armor shall . . . use the funds to purchase armor vests or body armor that meets any performance standards established by the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance.” 34 U.S.C. § 10202(c)(1)(C). This condition implements a separate provision in Subchapter V of Chapter 101, which requires that “a grantee that uses funds made available under this subchapter to purchase an armor vest or body armor shall . . . have a written policy requiring uniformed patrol officers to wear an armor vest or body armor.” 34 U.S.C. § 10202(c)(1)(B).

8

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 10 of 11
The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

40. Requirement that grantees “monitor subawards under (2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

this JAG award in accordance with all applicable

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

statutes, regulations, award conditions, and the DOJ

10153(a)(4).

Grants Financial Guide, and must include the

applicable conditions of this award in any subaward”

41. Recipient agrees that funds received under this award (1), (2) This condition ensures programmatic and financial

will not be used to supplant State or local funds

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(a)(4), by in turn imposing a requirement that

comes from the JAG statute itself, 34 U.S.C. §

10153(A)(1).

42. Requirement that grantees must submit quarterly

(2)

This condition ensures programmatic and financial

Federal Financial Reports (SF-425) and semi-annual

integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §

performance reports

10153(a)(4).

43. Requirement that grantees submit quarterly

(1), (2) This condition seeks to bolster Byrne JAG’s

accountability metrics data related to training that

programmatic goal of strengthening localities’ criminal

officers have received on the use of force, racial and

justice systems, as per 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A) (by

ethnic bias, de-escalation of conflict, and constructive

requiring grantees to collect “accountability metrics”),

engagement with the public

and ensures programmatic integrity, as per the JAG

statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4).

44. Encourages recipients to submit “annual (or more

Not

This is not a binding condition, just an

frequent) JAG success stories”

obligatory “encouragement.”

45. Prohibition on purchase of items on the Controlled

(3)

This condition traces to federal laws that govern the

Expenditure List at the time of purchase or acquisition,

use of federal funds by grantees or recipients. See U.S.

without written prior approval from BJA.

Dep’t of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Edward

Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG):

Prohibited and Controlled Expenditures (last visited

Sept. 25, 2017 6:35 PM), https://goo.gl/QGc2hi

(referring to the BJA’s “Controlled Expenditures List,”

which in turn lists “statutorily controlled expenditures”

and “controlled expenditures under Executive Order

13688”).

46. Requirement that pursuant to Executive Order 13688, (3)

Similar to Special Condition 45.

law enforcement agencies that acquire “controlled

9

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 21-11 Filed 09/28/17 Page 11 of 11
The City of Philadelphia v. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Exhibit F to Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Support of Preliminary Injunction

equipment through Federal programs” implement policies regarding General Policing Standards and Specific Controlled Equipment Standards, and provide copies of policies upon request 47. Requirement of prior approval for purchase of items on (3) the Controlled Expenditures List, with JAG funds 48. Recipient agrees that failure to comply with Controlled (3) Expenditures conditions can result in sanctions 49. Recipient understands that award funds cannot be used (3) for items on the Prohibited Expenditure List at the time of purchase or acquisition, including as the list may be amended from time to time

50. Recipient understands that equipment on the Controlled (3)

Expenditure List that is purchased with this award

cannot be transferred or sold to a third party

51. Recipient will comply with “integrity and

(2)

performance” requirements, that require the reporting

of information on civil, criminal and administrative

proceedings “connected with . . . either this OJP award

or any other grant . . . from the federal government,” as

set forth on OJP’s website

52. Recipient may not expend or draw down funds until the (1), (2)

BJA has received documentation demonstrating that

the recipient’s public comment requirements have been

met

53. Recipient agrees to undertake a review to validate its N/A

compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 by June 30, 2017

Similar to Special Condition 45.
Similar to Special Condition 45.
This condition traces to federal laws that govern the use of federal funds by grantees or recipients. See U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG): Prohibited and Controlled Expenditures (last visited Sept. 25, 2017 6:35 PM), https://goo.gl/QGc2hi (referring to the BJA’s “Prohibited Expenditures List,” which in turn sets forth“ prohibited expenditures under Executive Order 13688”). Similar to Special Condition 45.
This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4).
This condition ensures programmatic and financial integrity, as per the JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), by in turn incorporating a requirement from the JAG statute itself, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(2).

10

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 1 of 61

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff, v.
JEFF SESSIONS, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

DATED: October 12, 2017

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN Acting United States Attorney
JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director
ARJUN GARG Trial Attorney U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530 Phone: (202) 305-8613 Fax: (202) 616-8470 E-Mail: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov
Counsel for Defendant

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 2 of 61
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 4
A. The Immigration and Nationality Act .........................................................................4 B. The Office of Justice Programs and the Byrne JAG Program.....................................6 C. The Byrne JAG Grant-Making Process.......................................................................7 D. Conditions on Byrne JAG Awards ..............................................................................8 E. Additional Conditions for FY 2017 Byrne JAG Awards ............................................9 F. Recent Developments ................................................................................................10 LEGAL STANDARD................................................................................................................... 11 ARGUMENT ................................................................................................................................ 12 I. The City Is Unlikely to Succeed on the Merits of Its Claims. ....................................... 12 A. Federal Statutes Authorize Imposition of the Conditions. ........................................12 B. The City Is Unlikely to Succeed on Its Separation of Powers Claim........................21 C. The City Is Unlikely to Succeed on Its Arbitrary and Capricious Claim. .................23 D. The Conditions Are Consistent with the Spending Clause. ......................................27 E. The Court Should Decline the City’s Request for a Declaration That It Complies
with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. ................................................................................................33 II. The City Fails to Establish That It Will Suffer Irreparable Harm Absent a
Preliminary Injunction. .................................................................................................. 45 III. The Public Interest and the Balance of the Equities Militate Against a Preliminary
Injunction. ...................................................................................................................... 48 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................. 50
i

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 3 of 61

CASES

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

A. O. Smith Corp. v. FTC, 530 F.2d 515 (3d Cir. 1976).................................................................................................... 47

A.W. v. Jersey City Pub. Sch., 341 F.3d 234 (3d Cir. 2003).............................................................................................. 28, 44

Adams v. Freedom Forge Corp., 204 F.3d 475 (3d Cir. 2000)........................................................................................ 45, 46, 48

Allen v. DeBello, 861 F.3d 433 (3d Cir. 2017).................................................................................................... 36

Ameron, Inc. v. U.S. Army Corps of Eng’rs, 809 F.2d 979 (3d Cir. 1986).................................................................................................... 21

Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012).........................................................................................................passim

Ashcroft v. Mattis, 431 U.S. 171 (1977).......................................................................................................... 35, 36

Barbour v. Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth., 374 F.3d 1161 (D.C. Cir. 2004) .............................................................................................. 29

Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154 (1997)................................................................................................................ 24

Bennett Enters., Inc. v. Domino’s Pizza, Inc., 45 F.3d 493 (D.C. Cir. 1995) .................................................................................................. 18

Calderon v. Ashmus, 523 U.S. 740 (1998)................................................................................................................ 35

Campbell Soup Co. v. ConAgra, Inc., 977 F.2d 86 (3d Cir. 1992)...................................................................................................... 45

Caraco Pharm. Labs., Ltd. v. Novo Nordisk A/S, 566 U.S. 399 (2012)................................................................................................................ 20

Cent. Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., 511 U.S. 164 (1994)................................................................................................................ 20

Charles v. Verhagen, 348 F.3d 601 (7th Cir. 2003) .................................................................................................. 28

ii

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 4 of 61
City of Chicago v. Sessions, --- F. Supp. 3d ----, 2017 WL 4081821 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017) ....................... 10, 11, 45, 46
City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999)................................................................................................ 43, 44
Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998)................................................................................................................ 21
ConverDyn v. Moniz, 68 F. Supp. 3d 34 (D.D.C. 2014) ...................................................................................... 47, 48
Cornish v. Dudas, 540 F. Supp. 2d 61 (D.D.C. 2008) .......................................................................................... 48
Dean v. United States, 556 U.S. 568 (2009)................................................................................................................ 38
Dep’t of Treasury v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 494 U.S. 922 (1990)................................................................................................................ 18
Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980)................................................................................................................ 33
DKT Mem’l Fund Ltd. v. AID, 887 F.2d 275 (D.C. Cir. 1989) ............................................................................................ 2, 21
Disabled in Action of Pa. v. Se. Pa. Transp. Auth., 539 F.3d 199 (3d Cir. 2008).................................................................................................... 14
FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502 (2009).......................................................................................................... 25, 26
Ferring Pharm., Inc. v. Watson Pharm., Inc., 765 F.3d 205 (3d Cir. 2014).................................................................................................... 11
Freilich v. Bd. of Directors, 142 F. Supp. 2d 679 (D. Md. 2001) ........................................................................................ 43
FTC v. Standard Oil Co., 449 U.S. 232 (1980)................................................................................................................ 24
Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448 (1980)................................................................................................................ 49
iii

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 5 of 61
Geisenger Cmty. Med. Ctr. v. Sec’y, U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 794 F.3d 383 (3d Cir. 2015).................................................................................................... 32
Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452 (1991)................................................................................................................ 42
Harris Cty. Texas v. MERSCORP Inc., 791 F.3d 545 (5th Cir. 2015) ............................................................................................ 36, 37
Hearst Radio, Inc. v. FCC, 167 F.2d 225 (D.C. Cir. 1948) ................................................................................................ 23
Invention Submission Corp. v. Rogan, 357 F.3d 452 (4th Cir. 2004) .................................................................................................. 23
Jama v. ICE, 543 U.S. 335 (2005)................................................................................................................ 22
Kingdomware Techs., Inc. v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 1969 (2016) ............................................................................................................ 22
Knick v. Twp. of Scott, 862 F.3d 310 (3d Cir. 2017).................................................................................................... 42
Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161 (3d Cir. 2002).......................................................................................... 3, 28, 30
Landon v. Plasencia, 459 U.S. 21 (1982).................................................................................................................. 49
Langbord v. U.S. Dep’t of Treasury, 832 F.3d 170 (3d Cir. 2016).................................................................................................... 14
Lockhart v. United States, 546 U.S. 142 (2005)................................................................................................................ 20
Mayweathers v. Newland, 314 F.3d 1062 (9th Cir. 2002) .......................................................................................... 28, 29
N. Arapaho Tribe v. Burwell, 90 F. Supp. 3d 1238 (D. Wyo. 2015)...................................................................................... 48
Naik v. Dir. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Servs. Vt., 575 F. App’x 88 (3d Cir. 2014) ........................................................................................ 23, 25
iv

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 6 of 61
Nashville, Chattanooga. & St. Louis Ry. v. Browning, 310 U.S. 362 (1940)................................................................................................................ 37
Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012).................................................................................................... 42, 46, 47
New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992).................................................................................................... 28, 44, 45
Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418 (2009)................................................................................................................ 48
Ocean Cty. Landfill Corp. v. U.S. E.P.A., Region II, 631 F.3d 652 (3d Cir. 2011).............................................................................................. 23, 24
Phik Ha Lie v. Attorney Gen., 349 F. App’x 706 (3d Cir. 2009) ............................................................................................ 14
Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997)................................................................................................................ 43
Real Alternatives, Inc. v. Sec’y Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 867 F.3d 338 (3d Cir. 2017).................................................................................................... 25
Reifer v. Westport Ins. Corp., 751 F.3d 129 (3d Cir. 2014).............................................................................................. 34, 35
Reilly v. City of Harrisburg, 858 F.3d 173 (3d Cir. 2017).............................................................................................. 11, 12
Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141 (2000)................................................................................................................ 42
Rossi v. Procter & Gamble Co., 597 F. App’x 69, 71 (3d Cir. 2015) ........................................................................................ 46
South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987).........................................................................................................passim
Steffel v. Thompson, 415 U.S. 452 (1974)................................................................................................................ 35
Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386 (1995)................................................................................................................ 16
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 7 of 61
Train v. City of New York, 420 U.S. 35 (1975).................................................................................................................. 22
U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs. v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 844 F.2d 1087 (4th Cir. 1988) ................................................................................................ 18
U.S. ex rel. Kovalev v. Ashcroft, 223 F. Supp. 2d 688 (E.D. Pa. 2002) ...................................................................................... 49
United Savings Ass’n v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., 484 U.S. 365 (1988)................................................................................................................ 39
United States v. Craft, 535 U.S. 274 (2002)................................................................................................................ 20
United States v. Odneal, 565 F.2d 598 (9th Cir. 1977) .................................................................................................. 18
United States v. Wise, 370 U.S. 405 (1962)................................................................................................................ 20
Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., 515 U.S. 277 (1995)................................................................................................................ 34
Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, 555 U.S. 7 (2008)........................................................................................................ 11, 46, 48
Zuber v. Allen, 396 U.S. 168 (1969)................................................................................................................ 20
CONSTITUTION U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1.................................................................................................... 21, 27 U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2.............................................................................................................. 42
STATUTES 5 U.S.C. § 553............................................................................................................................. 26 5 U.S.C. § 702............................................................................................................................. 23 5 U.S.C. § 704..................................................................................................................... 2, 3, 23 5 U.S.C. § 706............................................................................................................................. 23
vi

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 8 of 61
8 U.S.C. § 1101 et seq................................................................................................................... 4 8 U.S.C. § 1226......................................................................................................... 26, 30, 39, 50 8 U.S.C. § 1227................................................................................................................. 5, 26, 29 8 U.S.C. § 1228............................................................................................................................. 5 8 U.S.C. § 1231........................................................................................................................... 30 8 U.S.C. § 1252c ..................................................................................................................... 6, 29 8 U.S.C. § 1324....................................................................................................................... 6, 29 8 U.S.C. § 1357....................................................................................................................passim 8 U.S.C. § 1373....................................................................................................................passim 18 U.S.C. § 1913......................................................................................................................... 33 28 U.S.C. § 530C ........................................................................................................................ 15 28 U.S.C. § 2201................................................................................................................... 33, 34 31 U.S.C. § 1352......................................................................................................................... 33 34 U.S.C. § 10101................................................................................................................... 6, 15 34 U.S.C. § 10102................................................................................................................passim 34 U.S.C. § 10110....................................................................................................................... 15 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-58 ................................................................................................................. 6 34 U.S.C. § 10152......................................................................................................... 6, 7, 22, 29 34 U.S.C. § 10153................................................................................................................passim 34 U.S.C. § 10154................................................................................................................... 7, 24 34 U.S.C. § 10156......................................................................................................................... 7 34 U.S.C. § 10444................................................................................................................. 15, 16 41 U.S.C. § 4712......................................................................................................................... 33
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 9 of 61
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, Pub. L. No. 90-351, 82 Stat. 197 .............................................................................................. 6
Joint Resolution Making Continuing Appropriations for FY 1985, Pub. L. No. 98-473, 98 Stat. 1837 (1984)............................................................................... 15
DOJ Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-162, 119 Stat. 2960 (2006)........................................................................... 15
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, Pub. L. No. 115-31, 131 Stat. 135 ............................................................................................ 7
REGULATIONS 2 C.F.R. § 200.203 .................................................................................................................. 8, 10 2 C.F.R. § 2800.101 ...................................................................................................................... 8 8 C.F.R. § 287.5 .......................................................................................................................... 49
LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS H.R. Rep. No. 104-469, pt. 1 (1996)..................................................................................... 38, 43 H.R. Rep. No. 109-233 (2005).................................................................................................... 13 S. Rep. No. 104-249 (1996) .................................................................................................. 43, 44
OTHER Randy E. Barnett, The Sound of Silence: Default Rules and Contractual Consent,
78 Va. L. Rev. 821 (1992) ...................................................................................................... 31
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INTRODUCTION The Department of Justice distributes federal grant funds to aid law enforcement in jurisdictions throughout the country. These funds serve to aid both local and cooperative law enforcement priorities. Consistent with federal prerogatives, the Department has long imposed conditions on these grants, including on the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program (“Byrne JAG Program”). If the City’s theories in this lawsuit are correct, however, longstanding and never-before-challenged conditions are in jeopardy. One cooperative priority for the Department is the enforcement of a lawful system of immigration, especially the removal of aliens who have committed crimes in the United States. Accordingly, the Department notified applicants that Fiscal Year (“FY”) 2017 Byrne JAG Program grants will include conditions that require modest cooperation with federal law enforcement prerogatives in the immigration setting. Those conditions will require grant recipients (1) to comply with a federal statute, 8 U.S.C. § 1373, which prohibits state and local government and law enforcement entities or officials from restricting certain communications with the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) (“the Section 1373 compliance condition”); (2) to ensure that certain federal officials are permitted access to state or local correctional facilities for certain immigration enforcement purposes (“the correctional facility access condition”); and (3) to ensure that certain federal officials are provided advance notice of the scheduled release date of certain individuals held in state or local correctional facilities (“the custody release condition”). See Decl. of Alan R. Hanson (“Hanson Decl.”) ¶¶ 4-5. The City has adopted policies that frustrate the federal government’s ability to remove criminal aliens from the country. In addition to avoiding cooperative efforts through its own, local policies, the City now seeks to do the same with respect to federal prerogatives, asking the Court to enjoin the Department from imposing immigration-related law enforcement conditions on the
1

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 11 of 61
receipt of federal dollars. The City’s position would, in essence, allow the City, not the Department, to determine the conditions associated with a federal grant that Congress has authorized the Department to award. The City’s position contravenes clear statutory language authorizing the Department to condition Byrne JAG funding, and ignores the close relationship between the federally-imposed conditions, federal law enforcement prerogatives, and the purposes of the Byrne JAG Program. For these reasons and others, the City has not carried its burden to establish a compelling basis for preliminary injunctive relief against the Department.
The City is unlikely to succeed on the merits of the claims asserted in its motion. Congress has expressly authorized the Assistant Attorney General (“AAG”) for DOJ’s Office of Justice Programs (“OJP”) to impose the challenged conditions. In the very same enactment in 2006 that created the Byrne JAG Program, Congress delegated to the AAG authority to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants,” and to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6). With respect to 8 U.S.C. § 1373 in particular, the City is independently required to comply with federal law (including Section 1373) regardless of whether it accepts federal grant funding, and, in any event, Congress has separately authorized the Department to require grantees in the Byrne JAG Program to comply with “all . . . applicable Federal laws,” of which Section 1373 is one. Id. § 10153(a)(5)(D); see also OJP Guidance Regarding Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (Dkt. No. 1-12). The Department thus has ample authority to impose the challenged conditions, and their imposition does not violate the constitutional separation of powers. See DKT Mem’l Fund Ltd. v. AID, 887 F.2d 275, 280-81 (D.C. Cir. 1989) (upholding statutory delegation to the Executive to impose terms and conditions on federal spending programs).
The City’s claim under the Administrative Procedure Act that the conditions are arbitrary and capricious fails as a threshold matter because judicial review is not available in the absence of
2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 12 of 61

final agency action. See 5 U.S.C. § 704. Even if there were final agency action to review, the conditions comfortably satisfy the “arbitrary and capricious” standard because their promotion of immigration enforcement undoubtedly intersects with the criminal justice purposes of the Byrne JAG Program.
The City also is unlikely to succeed on its Spending Clause challenge. The Byrne JAG Program and the challenged conditions bear “a discernible relationship,” and thus meet the relatedness requirement of the Spending Clause. Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002). OJP and the grant programs it administers are designed to strengthen law enforcement and to “maintain liaison” among the various branches of government “in matters relating to criminal justice.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(2). The challenged conditions emanate from “the Department of Justice’s top priority of reducing violent crime” and the “long-established cooperative principles among law enforcement agencies.” See, e.g., DOJ Press Release No. 17826, Attorney General Sessions Announces Immigration Compliance Requirements for Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Programs (July 25, 2017).1 And the purported ambiguities that the City claims exist in the conditions are illusory.
Additionally, the City’s request for a declaration that it complies with Section 1373 is unlikely to succeed. The Court in the first instance should exercise its discretion to decline jurisdiction over that request for declaratory relief—especially at this preliminary stage of proceedings—where the requested declaration would not in fact absolve the City of legal jeopardy, the parties are in the midst of an administrative process that may narrow or sharpen any points of concrete dispute regarding the City’s compliance, and the City lacks a cause of action. If the Court were to reach the request for declaratory relief, the City’s claim is unlikely to succeed because

1

The cited press release is available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-

sessions-announces-immigration-compliance-requirements-edward-byrne-memorial.

3

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 13 of 61
multiple of the City’s policies do or potentially do improperly restrict information-sharing in violation of Section 1373.
The City likewise fails to establish the irreparable harm needed for preliminary relief, as the harm it alleges is neither immediate nor substantial. The City faces no immediate deadline for consenting to the challenged conditions, because the Department has not issued grant award documents to the City, and at present the Department is enjoined from imposing the correctional facility access and custody release conditions. See Hanson Decl. ¶¶ 6-7. Should the City receive award documents, it will still have at least 45 days to review them and the specific grant conditions therein, before determining whether to accept or reject the funding. Moreover, the funding at issue amounts to less than one tenth of one percent of the City’s budget, and the City’s uncertainty in that regard does not establish the irreparable harm needed for preliminary relief.
The public interest and the balance of equities also militate against preliminary relief. The United States has an interest in enforcing federal law, including the effective enforcement of the immigration laws. The challenged conditions are designed to promote those interests and to effectuate the Department’s mission of reducing crime and illegality and promoting law enforcement cooperation. See generally Decl. of Jim Brown (“Brown Decl.”). Those interests far outweigh the City’s speculative allegations of public harm.
For all of these reasons, and as discussed in more detail below, the Court should deny the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction.
BACKGROUND A. The Immigration and Nationality Act “The Government of the United States has broad, undoubted power over the subject of immigration and the status of aliens.” Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 394 (2012). Through the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C. § 1101 et seq., Congress granted
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the Executive Branch significant authority to control the entry, movement, and other conduct of foreign nationals in the United States. The INA authorizes the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, and other Executive Branch agencies to administer and enforce the immigration laws. Likewise, the INA accords the Executive Branch considerable discretion to direct enforcement pursuant to federal policy objectives. See Arizona, 567 U.S. at 396.
The INA includes several provisions that protect the ability of federal officials to investigate the status of non-citizens in the United States and otherwise enforce the immigration laws. For example, the statute provides that a federal immigration officer “shall have power without warrant . . . to interrogate any alien or person believed to be an alien as to his right to be or to remain in the United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1357(a)(1). Separately, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1373, “a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.” Id. § 1373(a).2 The INA provides that certain classes of non-citizens, including certain criminal aliens, shall be removed from the United States upon the order of the Attorney General or the Secretary of Homeland Security. See, e.g., id. §§ 1227(a), 1228.
The INA also establishes immigration enforcement as a cooperative endeavor among federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. See, e.g., id. § 1357(g) (providing that DHS may enter into formal cooperative agreements with states and localities under which appropriately

2

Additionally, 8 U.S.C. § 1373(b) provides that “[n]otwithstanding any other provision of

Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal,

State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information

regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual: (1) Sending such

information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and

Naturalization Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with

any other Federal, State, or local government entity.”

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trained and qualified state and local officers may perform specified functions of a federal immigration officer in relation to the investigation, apprehension, or detention of aliens); id. § 1324(c) (authorizing state and local law enforcement officers to make arrests for violations of the INA’s prohibition against smuggling, transporting, or harboring aliens); id. § 1252c (authorizing state and local officers to arrest certain felons who have unlawfully returned to the United States); id. § 1231(i) (establishing State Criminal Alien Assistance Program, under which federal government compensates states and localities for their incarceration of certain criminal aliens).
B. The Office of Justice Programs and the Byrne JAG Program Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended, established the Office of Justice Programs within the Department of Justice, and provides for OJP to be headed by an Assistant Attorney General. See Pub. L. No. 90-351, 82 Stat. 197, codified as amended at 34 U.S.C. § 10101 et seq. Congress provided the AAG certain “[s]pecific, general and delegated powers,” including the power to “publish and disseminate information on the conditions and progress of the criminal justice systems” and “maintain liaison with the executive and judicial branches of the Federal and State governments in matters relating to criminal justice.” Id. §§ 10102(a)(1), (2). The AAG shall also “exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in [him] pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.” Id. § 10102(a)(6) (emphasis added). The same title of the Omnibus Crime Control Act also established the Byrne JAG Program. See generally 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-58. Under this program, OJP is authorized to –
make grants to States and units of local government . . . to provide additional personnel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, training, technical assistance, and information systems for criminal justice, including for any one or more of [certain enumerated] programs.
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Id. § 10152(a)(1). In the same chapter, the Omnibus Crime Control Act defines “criminal justice” broadly. Id. § 10251(a)(1).
To request funds under the Byrne JAG Program, applicants must “submit an application to the Attorney General . . . in such form as the Attorney General may require.” Id. § 10153(a). Congress provided that these applications must include, among other things, an “assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant shall maintain and report such data, records, and information (programmatic and financial) as the Attorney General may reasonably require”; “[a] certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General, . . . that . . . there has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies;” and “[a] certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General, . . . that . . . the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 10153(a)(4), (5) (emphases added). Before issuing a final disapproval of an application under the Byrne JAG Program, the Attorney General must “first afford[] the applicant reasonable notice of any deficiencies in the application and opportunity for correction and reconsideration.” Id. § 10154.
The Byrne JAG Program is a formula grant that, when awarded, must follow a statutory formula based on population, the rate of violent crime, and other factors. Id. §§ 10152(a)(1), 10156. Funding under the Byrne JAG Program is subject to annual appropriations. For FY 2017, Congress appropriated $396,000,000 for the Byrne JAG Program, with certain carve-outs from that amount obligated to specific initiatives. See Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, Pub. L. No. 115-31, Div. B, Title II, 131 Stat. 135, 203.
C. The Byrne JAG Grant-Making Process The federal grant-making process, including the issuance of Byrne JAG Program grants, contains several steps. The awarding agency typically issues a solicitation that contains “sufficient information to help an applicant make an informed decision about whether to submit an
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application.” See generally Office of Management and Budget Guidance for Grants and Agreements (“OMB Uniform Guidance”), 2 C.F.R. § 200.203(c)(2);3 see also OJP Grant Process Overview, available at https://ojp.gov/funding/Apply/GrantProcess.htm. Applicants respond to the solicitation by submitting an application in the form specified and with the relevant information requested. See generally OJP Grant Process Overview. The deadline for local units of government to submit FY 2017 Byrne JAG applications was September 5, 2017.4 See Byrne JAG Program, FY 2017 Local Solicitation (Dkt. No. 1-16).
For grants administered by OJP and its subcomponents, OJP engages in a multi-factored review of each application and, for those applications that are approved, OJP generates an award package that is transmitted to the applicant. See generally OJP Grant Process Overview. Applicants typically have 45 calendar days to accept the award documents, during which time the applicant has an opportunity to “[r]eview the special conditions on the award document.” Id. Throughout the course of the grant period, OJP monitors compliance with the terms and conditions of the award and, ultimately, the grantee and OJP engage in certain activities to complete relevant closeout requirements for each award. Id.
D. Conditions on Byrne JAG Awards OJP has historically included a variety of conditions in Byrne JAG award documents, including, for example, conditions requiring the grantee to comply with regulations pertaining to civil rights and nondiscrimination, conditions requiring that body armor purchased with grant funding meet certain minimum quality standards, and conditions designed to encourage grantees to adopt policies banning employees from text messaging while driving on duty. These conditions

3

The Department of Justice has adopted the OMB Uniform Guidance through regulation,

with limited exceptions. See 2 C.F.R. § 2800.101.

4

Some exceptions to the deadline were made relating to jurisdictions affected by Hurricane

Harvey.

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have varied over time, depending upon national law enforcement necessities and Department priorities. For FY 2016, the City of Philadelphia’s award included fifty-three conditions, all of which were accepted by the City without objections or legal challenges. See FY 2016 Byrne JAG Award to Philadelphia (Aug. 23, 2016) (“2016 Philadelphia Award”) at 2-13 (Dkt. No. 1-9).
In FY 2016, OJP included for the first time an explicit recognition that Section 1373 was an applicable federal law under the Byrne JAG Program. Id. ¶ 53. That recognition was prompted by a memorandum issued by the Department of Justice’s Inspector General on May 31, 2016, expressing concern that several state and local governments receiving federal grants may not be complying with Section 1373. See Mem. from Michael E. Horowitz, Inspector Gen., to Karol V. Mason, Assistant Att’y Gen., Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice Referral of Allegations of Potential Violations of 8 U.S.C. § 1373 by Grant Recipients (May 31, 2016) (Dkt. No. 1-10).
Although the Inspector General observed that applications of certain local ordinances might be inconsistent with Section 1373, id. at 4-8, the report made clear that “no one at DHS . . . has made a formal legal determination whether certain state and local laws or policies violate Section 1373, and we are unaware of any Department of Justice decision in that regard.” Id. at 8 n.12. From each of ten jurisdictions identified in the report, OJP sought a legal analysis of how the jurisdiction is in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. See DOJ Press Release No. 17-736, Department of Justice Reviewing Letters from Ten Potential Sanctuary Jurisdictions (July 6, 2017) (Dkt. No. 1-2). The City provided its analysis in June 2017. See Letter from City of Philadelphia (June 22, 2017) (Dkt. No. 1-14).
E. Additional Conditions for FY 2017 Byrne JAG Awards In July 2017, OJP published a solicitation seeking applications from units of local government for participation in the FY 2017 Byrne JAG Program. See Byrne JAG Program, FY
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2017 Local Solicitation (Dkt. No. 1-16). That solicitation notified potential applicants that the grant award documents for FY 2017 would contain two new special conditions, in addition to the requirement to certify compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. Id. at 30. Specifically, OJP notified potential applicants that the correctional facility access condition would be designed to ensure that Byrne JAG Program grantees would permit “personnel of . . . DHS to access any correctional or detention facility in order to meet with an alien . . . and inquire as to his or her right to be or remain in the United States.” Id. OJP further notified potential applicants that the custody release condition would be designed to ensure that Byrne JAG Program grantees would “provide at least 48 hours’ advance notice to DHS regarding the scheduled release date and time of an alien in the jurisdiction’s custody when DHS requests such notice in order to take custody of the alien pursuant to the [INA].” Id. The notification contained in the FY 2017 solicitation was not itself a grant condition, akin to those contained in the grant award documents; rather, it was merely a notification designed to “help an applicant make an informed decision about whether to submit an application.” 2 C.F.R. § 200.203.
The actual conditions that OJP intends to attach to FY 2017 Byrne JAG awards are viewable in award documents that OJP issued to units of local government on August 23, 2017. See, e.g., Byrne JAG Program Grant Award for County of Greenville, SC (“2017 Greenville Award”) (Dkt. No. 21-6). Those award documents contain the precise text of the conditions that the City has challenged in this lawsuit. See id. ¶¶ 53, 55-56. The conditions apply only to the “program or activity” to be funded under the award, and allow awarded funds to be used for costs incurred in implementing the conditions. See id.
F. Recent Developments In a challenge brought by the City of Chicago, a federal district court on September 15, 2017 issued a nationwide preliminary injunction against imposition of the correctional facility
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access and custody release conditions. See City of Chicago v. Sessions, --- F. Supp. 3d ----, 2017 WL 4081821, at *14 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017). As to the Section 1373 compliance condition, the Chicago court granted no relief “because the City has failed to establish a likelihood of success on the merits” as to that condition. Id. The Department has appealed that decision, and asked the district court to stay the nationwide application of the preliminary injunction pending resolution of the appeal. See No. 1:17-cv-5720, Dkt. No. 81 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 26, 2017). That stay application remains pending for the district court’s decision as of this filing.
The City of Philadelphia submitted its application for an FY 2017 Byrne JAG award on September 5, 2017. See Hanson Decl. ¶ 5. OJP has not taken a decision on that application, and at this time is not issuing FY 2017 Byrne JAG award documents to any applicants while awaiting developments in the Chicago litigation. Id. ¶¶ 6-7. In the meantime, OJP has sent the City of Philadelphia a letter containing a “preliminary assessment” of the City’s compliance with Section 1373, and requesting the City’s response by October 27, 2017 before OJP makes its final determination. Id. ¶ 8 & Ex. A.
LEGAL STANDARD Preliminary injunctive relief is an “extraordinary remedy, which should be granted only in limited circumstances.” Ferring Pharm., Inc. v. Watson Pharm., Inc., 765 F.3d 205, 210 (3d Cir. 2014) (citation omitted). “A plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction must establish that he is likely to succeed on the merits, that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.” Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). In the Third Circuit, a party seeking a preliminary injunction must first demonstrate that “it can win on the merits” and that “it is more likely than not to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief.” Reilly v. City of Harrisburg, 858 F.3d 173, 179 (3d Cir. 2017). Under Reilly, “[i]f these gateway
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factors are met, a court then considers the remaining two factors and determines in its sound discretion if all four factors, taken together, balance in favor of granting the requested preliminary relief.” Id.
ARGUMENT I. The City Is Unlikely to Succeed on the Merits of Its Claims.
A. Federal Statutes Authorize Imposition of the Conditions. Congress has expressly authorized the Department to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants” administered by OJP, 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants,” id., and to ensure that grantees in the Byrne JAG Program “comply with . . . all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Despite these capacious delegations of authority, the City contends that Congress has not empowered the Department to impose the challenged conditions. See Pl.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. for Prelim. Inj. (“Pl.’s Mem.”) at 16-29 (Dkt. No. 21-1).5 The City is incorrect. 1. In 34 U.S.C. § 10102, Congress set forth the duties and functions of the Assistant Attorney General (AAG) for the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), which administers the Byrne JAG Program. Within that section, Congress stated that the AAG is to “exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6). A plain reading of the statutory language indicates that the AAG’s power must include, at a minimum, the power to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants” administered by OJP. The breadth of the AAG’s statutory

5

To the extent that the City couches this theory as a claim under the Administrative

Procedure Act, judicial review under that statute is not available because the Department has not

taken any final agency action with respect to the City in connection with an FY 2017 Byrne JAG

award. See infra Part I.B.1.

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power is reinforced by the AAG’s authority to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.” Id. Confirming what is plain on the face of the statute, a report accompanying the enactment of this language stated that the provision “allows the Assistant Attorney General to place special conditions on all grants and to determine priority purposes for formula grants.” H.R. Rep. 109233, at 101 (2005).
The challenged conditions come comfortably within these fonts of delegated power. Pursuant to this authority, the AAG may prioritize formula grants, like the Byrne JAG Program, for jurisdictions that assist federal authorities in achieving federal law enforcement priorities, including removal of criminal aliens under immigration law.
Apart from the conditions that the City challenges here, under the Department’s authority Byrne JAG awards have historically contained various discretionary conditions that are not compelled by any federal law, but promote the Department’s law enforcement and public safety goals. The Department has, for example, imposed a condition that requires complying with certain guidelines and recommendations enumerated by the Department to “promote information sharing and enable interoperability among disparate systems across the justice and public safety community.” 2016 Philadelphia Award ¶ 26. Another condition has prohibited the use of award funds to purchase various types of equipment and weapons that are listed on a Prohibited Expenditure List,6 which list in turn traces back in significant part not to any statute or regulation but to an Executive Order. See id. ¶ 49. Multiple conditions have also imposed training mandates: certain training must be completed for law enforcement task forces, see id. ¶ 32; a grantee must agree to participate, upon request, in various training events, technical assistance events, or conferences, see id. ¶ 33; and quarterly data must be submitted regarding certain kinds of training

6

The Prohibited Expenditures List is available at https://www.bja.gov/funding/

JAGControlledPurchaselist.pdf.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 23 of 61
that law enforcement officers have received, see id. ¶ 43. Grantees have also been encouraged to adopt policies banning employees from text messaging while driving on duty, see id. ¶ 22, and to submit “JAG success stories,” id. ¶ 44. In a condition for FY 2017, the Department is requiring that when award funds are used for DNA testing, any resulting eligible DNA profiles must be uploaded to a DNA database operated by the FBI. See 2017 Greenville Award ¶ 57. The particular conditions that the City challenges in this lawsuit are not different in kind from these many other Byrne JAG grant conditions.
Through a series of misconceptions, the City reads out of Section 10102(a)(6) the broad power that the statute on its face confers. According to the City, the reference in Section 10102(a)(6) to “placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants” does not “endow the AAG with any authority” that did not already exist independently through other statutory provisions. Pl.’s Mem. at 28-29. But if that were so, there would be no reason to convey that authority, duplicatively, through Section 10102. Thus, the City’s “contrary interpretation would render the emphasized statutory text mere surplusage, a result [courts] try to avoid.” Langbord v. U.S. Dep’t of Treasury, 832 F.3d 170, 182 (3d Cir. 2016) (en banc) (quotation omitted). Section 10102(a)(6) “should not be construed so as to render a portion of it superfluous, void, or meaningless.” Phik Ha Lie v. Attorney Gen., 349 F. App’x 706, 711 (3d Cir. 2009). “Faced with a choice between [the City’s] interpretation, which essentially renders the phrase surplusage, and [the Department’s] interpretation, which gives it substantial effect,” the Court should “choose the latter.” Disabled in Action of Pa. v. Se. Pa. Transp. Auth., 539 F.3d 199, 211 (3d Cir. 2008).
The City compounds its misinterpretation by misreading “the specific context in which that language is used, and the broader context of the statute as a whole.” Id. at 210 (citation omitted).
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First, the City minimizes Section 10102 as “an ancillary provision governing a sub-cabinet post.” Pl.’s Mem. at 29. The AAG for OJP is appointed by the President, subject to Senate confirmation, and answerable to the Attorney General’s supervision. See 34 U.S.C. § 10101. And the Attorney General has “final authority over all functions, including any grants . . . made . . . for the Office of Justice Programs.” Id. § 10110; see also 28 U.S.C. § 530C(a)(4). Placement of the “special conditions” and “priority purposes” powers in the organic statute for OJP, and their investiture in OJP’s head (subject to the Attorney General’s final authority), comports with those powers’ importance and breadth.
Second, contrary to the City’s “elephants in mouseholes” criticism, Pl.’s Mem. at 29, Congress added these powers not casually, but deliberately. The City observes that the provision codified at Section 10102(a)(6) first appeared in 1984, see Pl.’s Mem. at 28, but does not mention that the particular language at issue here—the authority for “placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants”—was added in 2006, as part of the very same legislation that created the Byrne JAG Program. See DOJ Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-162, 119 Stat. 2960 (2006), § 1152(b) (adding language to subsection (a)(6)); id. § 1111 (creating Byrne JAG Program). Prior to that 2006 enactment, the provision stated only that the AAG for OJP “exercise[s] such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this title or by delegation of the Attorney General.” Joint Resolution Making Continuing Appropriations for FY 1985, Pub. L. No. 98-473, § 603, 98 Stat. 1837 (1984). The organic statute enacted in 2002 for the head of a separate Department grant-making component, by comparison, continues to contain substantially the same, more limited language as Section 10102 earlier used to contain, without the additional “special conditions” and “priority purposes” powers that Congress elected to bestow with respect to OJP. See 34 U.S.C. § 10444(7)
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(providing only that Director of Violence Against Women Office “[e]xercis[es] such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Director pursuant to this subchapter or by delegation of the Attorney General”). All of this context, which is missing from the City’s discussion, confirms that Congress did intend the “special conditions” and “priority purposes” language to confer distinctive and meaningful power, contrary to the City’s reading. “When Congress acts to amend a statute, [courts] presume it intends its amendment to have real and substantial effect.” Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386, 397 (1995).
Third, the City’s analysis is additionally incomplete in criticizing Section 10102(a)(6) as conferring “unlimited discretion” and “unbridled authority” to impose grant conditions. Pl.’s Mem. at 29. With this argument, the City on one hand (correctly) confirms the textual breadth of the authority provided by Section 10102(a)(6), but on the other hand overlooks important external limitations on that authority. An obvious limitation on the Department’s discretion is the Constitution. Under the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence articulating requirements for use of the Spending Clause power to condition federal grants, a grant condition must, for example, be germane and non-coercive. See S. Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207 (1987). A grant condition must also comport with all “other constitutional provisions” apart from the Spending Clause. Id. at 208. Moreover, the Department’s conditioning power is self-limiting in practice, because extremism in imposing conditions will cause prospective recipients to reject the grant rather than accept the condition. In addition to those limits, Congress judiciously vested these powers in Senate-confirmed officers, including the nation’s chief law enforcement officer.
Fourth, the City incorrectly imputes a conflict between imposition of the conditions and a congressional purpose to retain Byrne JAG grantees’ “broad control over the decision how to use the funds.” Pl.’s Mem. at 22. The conditions go to eligibility to receive funds; they do not direct
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how a grantee must spend the funds received. These conditions of eligibility do less to mandate a “one size fits all” approach than, for example, a Byrne JAG condition that for years has prohibited the use of award funds to purchase items that are listed on a Prohibited Expenditure List that includes various types of equipment and weapons that some law enforcement agencies might otherwise have wanted to acquire. See 2016 Philadelphia Award ¶ 49. The conditions also comport with congressional purposes, expressly stated in the Byrne JAG statute, of ensuring that grantees under the Byrne JAG Program “report such data . . . and information (programmatic and financial) as the Attorney General may reasonably require” and undertake “appropriate coordination with affected agencies.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), (5).
Finally, the City cites other statutes where Congress has used various different types of language to confer discretionary power to impose grant conditions. See Pl.’s Mem. at 20. Such statutes and their various formulations confirm no more than that Congress indeed does routinely delegate such power, and that in doing so Congress uses a variety of textual formulations rather than any magic words. Section 10102(a)(6) is just another example.
2. Independent of the authority conferred in Section 10102(a)(6), a separate source of authority further supports the Section 1373 compliance condition. Under the Byrne JAG Program, the Department has statutory authority to ensure that Byrne JAG grantees “comply with . . . all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Section 1373 is, of course, a federal law. According to the City, however, “it is not an ‘applicable Federal law[].’” Pl.’s Mem. at 18. The City contends that the phrase “applicable Federal laws” refers only to “federal laws that, by their terms, are ‘applicable’ to federal grant-making—i.e., to statutes that directly speak to recipients of federal funds.” Id. That straightjacketed interpretation of this statutory text is inconsistent with a plain reading of the statute. The relevant statutory language provides:
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To request a grant under this part, the chief executive officer of a . . . local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General . . . in such form as the Attorney General may require. Such application shall include the following:
. . . (5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General, . . . that—
. . . (D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws. 34 U.S.C. § 10153. Congress’s decision to empower the Attorney General to determine the form of Byrne JAG applications renders the most natural reading of this provision as a delegation to the Attorney General to determine whether a particular federal law constitutes an “applicable Federal law[].” Id. If Congress had intended to limit the term “applicable Federal laws” as referencing only statutes of the kind that the City suggests, it could have done so expressly. Instead, under this power, the Department may condition Byrne JAG grants if it gives notice, as it provided here for Section 1373, that it has determined that a federal law is “applicable.” Rather than the City’s narrow construction, courts have broadly interpreted the term “applicable laws.” See, e.g., Dep’t of Treasury v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 494 U.S. 922, 930 (1990) (interpreting the statutory term “applicable laws” as “laws outside the Act”); see also Bennett Enters., Inc. v. Domino’s Pizza, Inc., 45 F.3d 493, 497 (D.C. Cir. 1995) (noting that “all applicable laws” is “not reasonably or fairly susceptible to an interpretation that does not encompass compliance with state and federal tax laws”); U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs. v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 844 F.2d 1087, 1094-95 (4th Cir. 1988) (finding statutory requirement that Executive Branch managers follow “applicable laws” to exclude Office of Management and Budget circulars but to reach laws made by Congress); United States v. Odneal, 565 F.2d 598, 600 (9th Cir. 1977) (statutory reference to “all applicable federal laws” granted “very broad statutory authority”).
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Rather than “applicable Federal laws” being cabined artificially to those laws that “directly speak to recipients of federal funds,” Pl.’s Mem. at 18, or “substantive[ly] relat[e] . . . to Byrne JAG grants,” Pl.’s Mem. at 19,7 a natural and coherent reading is that “applicable Federal laws” refers simply to the corpus of federal laws that actually do apply, independently, to Byrne JAG grantees. (8 U.S.C. § 1373 is, of course, one such law.) Here, it is important to bear in mind the context of the Byrne JAG Program, where all grantees are state and local jurisdictions rather than private individuals or entities. The limitation in Section 10153(a)(5)(D) to “applicable Federal laws” accordingly restricts the Department from requiring certification of compliance with, for example, federal tax laws that by their terms apply to private individuals rather than to the state and local jurisdictions that the Byrne JAG Program contemplates as grantees. It is entirely sensible for Congress to have used the word “applicable” in Section 10153(a)(5)(D) with this meaning tailored to the class of potential grantees, and there is nothing implausible about Congress expecting a recipient of federal funds to certify its compliance with a federal law where the recipient is—independent of receiving those federal funds—already obligated to comply with that federal law.
3. Unable to overcome the authority that plainly is provided under Section 10102(a)(6) and Section 10153(a)(5)(D) to impose the challenged conditions, the City embarks on the misadventure of examining “[s]ubsequent legislative history for the Byrne JAG statute as well as for Section 1373.” Pl.’s Mem. at 23. The City focuses on various legislative proposals, which did not pass, that the City says would have withheld federal funds for jurisdictions that do not cooperate with federal immigration enforcement efforts. See id. at 23-26.

7

The City also argues that the constitutional relatedness limitation of Dole narrows the

sweep of “applicable Federal laws” so that the phrase “requires a substantive relationship . . . to

Byrne JAG grants.” Pl.’s Mem. at 19. Here, Section 1373 and the compliance condition do

sufficiently relate to the purposes of the Byrne JAG Program. See infra Parts I.C.2 and I.D.1.

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The City’s approach is improper, because “statutes are construed by the courts with reference to the circumstances existing at the time of the passage. The interpretation placed upon an existing statute by a subsequent group of Congressmen who are promoting legislation and who are unsuccessful has no persuasive significance here.” United States v. Wise, 370 U.S. 405, 411 (1962). The Court should “decline to read any meaning into” such later legislative efforts, as “failed legislative proposals are a particularly dangerous ground on which to rest an interpretation of a prior statute.” Lockhart v. United States, 546 U.S. 142, 146-47 (2005) (quotation omitted).
“[C]ongressional inaction lacks persuasive significance because several equally tenable inferences may be drawn from such inaction, including the inference that the existing legislation already incorporated the offered change.” United States v. Craft, 535 U.S. 274, 287 (2002) (quotation omitted). The City points to legislative proposals to impose a permanent congressional mandate to withhold federal funds; the different issue in this case, by contrast, is whether Congress, in paired provisions of a statute it actually enacted, gave the Department discretion to determine when to impose such conditions—and it is plausible that Congress preferred simply to stop at maintaining discretion and deferring to the judgment of the nation’s chief law enforcement agency.
If the Court were to consider this subsequent legislative history at all—which it ought not to—at best “these arguments deserve little weight in the interpretive process.” Cent. Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A., 511 U.S. 164, 187 (1994). “A bill can be proposed for any number of reasons, and it can be rejected for just as many others.” Caraco Pharm. Labs., Ltd. v. Novo Nordisk A/S, 566 U.S. 399, 422 (2012) (citation omitted). “Congressional inaction frequently betokens unawareness, preoccupation, or paralysis.” Zuber v. Allen, 396 U.S. 168, 185 n.21 (1969). Rather than speculation about subsequent legislative proposals, what controls here is a plain reading of the statutes that Congress enacted.
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B. The City Is Unlikely to Succeed on Its Separation of Powers Claim. The statutes that authorize imposition of the challenged conditions render it unlikely that the City will establish a violation of the constitutional separation of powers. Article I of the Constitution confers on Congress the authority to “lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1. “Incident to this power, Congress may attach conditions on the receipt of federal funds . . . .” Dole, 483 U.S. at 206. Importantly, Congress may delegate to the Executive Branch the authority to attach conditions on funding. See, e.g., Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417, 488 (1998) (“Congress has frequently delegated the President the authority to spend, or not to spend, particular sums of money.”); Ameron, Inc. v. U.S. Army Corps of Eng’rs, 809 F.2d 979, 983 (3d Cir. 1986) (“Congress appropriates funds for a wide variety of purposes and delegates to executive branch officials the authority to make certain decisions regarding how those funds are to be spent.”); DKT Mem’l Fund, 887 F.2d at 280-81 (upholding statutory delegation to the Executive to impose terms and conditions on federal spending programs). Here, Congress delegated authority to the Department to impose the challenged conditions on units of local government participating in the Byrne JAG Program. As discussed above, the custody release and correctional facility access conditions are authorized under the Department’s power to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants” administered by OJP, and to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6). In addition to that authority, the Section 1373 compliance condition is further authorized by the Department’s power to ensure that grantees in the Byrne JAG Program “comply with . . . all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). The conditions moreover comport with statutory purposes of ensuring that Byrne JAG grantees “report such data . . . and information (programmatic and financial) as the
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Attorney General may reasonably require” and undertake “appropriate coordination with affected agencies.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), (5). The challenged conditions thus do not “change the law unilaterally or ignore it altogether.” Pl.’s Mem. at 30. Instead, because Congress has explicitly delegated to the Department certain powers to attach conditions on the receipt of Byrne JAG funds, the City is unlikely to establish a separation of powers violation here.
The City attempts to locate a separation-of-powers violation in what the City characterizes as the Department’s choice “to spend less than the full amount of funding Congress has authorized under a statute.” Id. That argument fails for multiple reasons.
First, the City overlooks that Congress has expressly given the Department discretionary power not to award Byrne JAG funds. See 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1) (“From amounts made available to carry out this part, the Attorney General may, in accordance with the formula established under . . . this title, make grants to States and units of local government . . . .” (emphasis added)). “The word ‘may’ customarily connotes discretion.” Jama v. ICE, 543 U.S. 335, 346 (2005). The City points the Court to Train v. City of New York, 420 U.S. 35 (1975), as “instructive” for the proposition that “the expenditure of appropriated funds is mandatory.” Pl.’s Mem. at 3031. In Train, however, a statute provided that “sums authorized to be appropriated . . . shall be allotted by the Administrator.” 420 U.S. at 42 (emphasis added). “Unlike the word ‘may,’ which implies discretion, the word ‘shall’ usually connotes a requirement.” Kingdomware Techs., Inc. v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 1969, 1977 (2016). Comparison to Train thus underscores that Congress has authorized the Department to decline to award funds appropriated under the Byrne JAG Program.
Second, the City’s separation-of-powers argument proves too much. Under the City’s broad theory, the Department would be required to spend all funds appropriated for the Byrne JAG
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Program even if no valid applications for grants were submitted. The Department would also appear to commit a separation-of-powers violation, in the City’s view, whenever the Department rejects even a single Byrne JAG application, whenever a prospective grantee declines to accept a Byrne JAG award based on the wide array of grant conditions that the City does not dispute are permissible, and whenever the Department seeks to claw back awarded funds based on a postaward violation of a grant condition. The City thus has not articulated a principle that plausibly applies here, and is unlikely to succeed on its claim that imposing the conditions violates the constitutional separation of powers.
C. The City Is Unlikely to Succeed on Its Arbitrary and Capricious Claim. The City contends that, under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A), the “imposition of the new conditions was also arbitrary and capricious.” Pl.’s Mem. at 32. But the conditions have not been imposed on the City for the FY 2017 grant cycle, meaning that this APA claim fails at the threshold because the City does not challenge “final agency action.” 5 U.S.C. § 704. Even if APA review were available, the challenged conditions are supported by a reasoned explanation. 1. “[T]he Administrative Procedure Act does not provide judicial review for everything done by an administrative agency.” Invention Submission Corp. v. Rogan, 357 F.3d 452, 459 (4th Cir. 2004) (quoting Hearst Radio, Inc. v. FCC, 167 F.2d 225, 227 (D.C. Cir. 1948)). One limitation is that “[t]he APA provides for judicial review of ‘final agency action.’” Naik v. Dir. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Servs. Vt., 575 F. App’x 88, 92 (3d Cir. 2014) (citing 5 U.S.C. §§ 702 & 704). To qualify as final agency action, “the action must mark the ‘consummation’ of the agency’s decisionmaking process” and also “must be one by which ‘rights or obligations have been determined,’ or from which ‘legal consequences will flow.’” Ocean Cty. Landfill Corp. v.
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U.S. E.P.A., Region II, 631 F.3d 652, 655 (3d Cir. 2011) (quoting Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154, 177-78 (1997)).
The City does not identify a final agency action that allows judicial review of its APA claim. Although the City earlier told the Court it would wait to seek a preliminary injunction until seeing “if and when the new funding conditions are, in fact, included in the City’s FY 2017 Local Byrne JAG award,” Pl.’s Mem. at 12, the City instead moved for a preliminary injunction before the Department acted on the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application. Yet the City acknowledges that imposition of the correctional facility access and custody release conditions is presently enjoined nationwide, id., and separately the City asserts that it “could be conceivably denied an [FY 2017] award at any time if the Department rejects its Section 1373 submission.” Id. at 14.8 In view of these contingencies, the City might never receive any FY 2017 award (irrespective of the conditions that could have been attached to it), or an award to the City might not contain at least some of the challenged conditions. And by statute there is an administrative review-andreconsideration process that is to be followed before “finally disapprov[ing]” the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application, until which time there is no final agency action. 34 U.S.C. § 10154.
Accordingly, no final agency action has been taken with respect to the City, precisely because it remains to be seen “if and when the new funding conditions are, in fact, included in the City’s FY 2017 Local Byrne JAG award.” Pl.’s Mem. at 12. For present purposes of the City’s APA claim, there has been no consummation of the Department’s decisionmaking process, no

8

Since the City filed its motion for a preliminary injunction, the Department has sent a letter

to the City questioning the City’s compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 and inviting the City’s response

before the Department takes a decision on the issue. See Hanson Decl. ¶ 8 & Ex. A. That letter,

too, is not “final agency action” under the APA. Rather, “issuance of” that preliminary

assessment—which is “not a definitive ruling”—had no “legal or practical effect, except to impose

upon [the City] the burden of responding to the charges made against it.” FTC v. Standard Oil

Co., 449 U.S. 232, 242-43 (1980) (finding no final agency action, and cautioning against using

APA review as “a means of turning prosecutor into defendant before adjudication concludes”).

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determination of rights or obligations, and no legal consequence that flows. Cf. Naik, 575 F. App’x at 92 (finding no final agency action where agency “has yet to respond to or act upon” submission and has “not taken any action to officially deny” petition).
2. Even if APA review of the challenged conditions were available here (which it is not), the City’s claim is unlikely to succeed. The City’s “arbitrary and capricious” claim is accorded a “narrow standard of review” under which “a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the agency, and should uphold a decision of less than ideal clarity if the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned.” FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 513-14 (2009) (citation omitted). Where the action represents a shift in policy, the agency “need not demonstrate to a court’s satisfaction that the reasons for the new policy are better than the reasons for the old one; it suffices that the new policy is permissible under the statute, that there are good reasons for it, and that the agency believes it to be better.” Id. at 515.
In the Third Circuit, “the standard for determining whether an APA violation exists under the arbitrary and capricious standard is substantially similar to rational basis review.” Real Alternatives, Inc. v. Sec’y Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 867 F.3d 338, 353 (3d Cir. 2017). Here, “the agency’s reasons for” imposing the challenged conditions “were entirely rational.” Fox Television, 556 U.S. at 517. The Department publicly offered—before FY 2017 applications were due and before any FY 2017 awards were made—a sound explanation for the challenged conditions. As stated in the Department’s July 25, 2017 “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements,” which the City attached to its Complaint, the conditions have a “goal of increasing information sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement” so that “federal immigration authorities have the information they need to enforce the law and keep our communities safe.” Dkt. No. 1-1. The Backgrounder notes that some jurisdictions have “refus[ed] to cooperate with federal
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immigration authorities in information sharing about illegal aliens who commit crimes,” and states that the grant conditions will “prevent the counterproductive use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement.” Id.
Federal immigration enforcement undoubtedly intersects with criminal justice, at a minimum for the simple reason that a conviction for any of a wide array of criminal offenses renders an alien removable from this country. See 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2). Once removed, a criminal alien who has committed such an offense—e.g., an aggravated felony, certain firearm offenses, domestic violence, or child abuse—is no longer present in this country with the potential to re-offend. Accordingly, a July 25, 2017 press release by the Attorney General, accompanying the Backgrounder, stated opposition to policies that “protect illegal aliens who have committed crimes,” and an intent to encourage jurisdictions “to change their policies and partner with federal law enforcement to remove criminals.” DOJ Press Release No. 17-826.
The City does not dispute this “common-sense” rationale, id., and “even in the absence of evidence, the agency’s predictive judgment (which merits deference) makes entire sense” as “an exercise in logic rather than clairvoyance.” Fox Television, 556 U.S. at 521. The City’s demand for supporting “reports, studies, or analysis,” Pl.’s Mem. at 33, ignores that Congress did not intend to encumber agencies with a burdensome procedural exercise for determining grant conditions; to the contrary, Congress expressly exempted “grants” from the APA’s ordinary notice-and-comment rulemaking procedures. 5 U.S.C. § 553(a)(2). It suffices that the challenged conditions rationally promote interests in “maintain[ing] liaison” among the various branches of government “in matters relating to criminal justice,” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(2), and comport with the cooperation between federal, state, and local authorities in immigration enforcement that Congress contemplates. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. §§ 1226(d), 1357(g), 1373.
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While attempting to impose heightened scrutiny because allegedly “[t]he Department departed from past practice,” Pl.’s Mem. at 32, the City ignores that a requirement to certify compliance with Section 1373 was first imposed by the prior Administration in the FY 2016 grant cycle and accepted then by the City as a condition of its Byrne JAG award. See 2016 Philadelphia Award ¶ 53. As to the imposition of the challenged conditions, their use in the FY 2017 cycle is understandable as a result of a May 2016 report by the Department’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) finding deteriorating local cooperation with “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States.” Dkt. No. 1-10 at 1-2 n.1. The 2016 OIG report advised that “the information we have learned to date during our recent work about the present matter differs significantly from what OIG personnel found nearly 10 years ago” in a 2007 audit when federal immigration authorities had back then “commented favorably to the OIG with respect to cooperation and information flow they received from the seven selected jurisdictions” that were examined. Id. The OIG report focused on the City of Philadelphia, among other jurisdictions, in reaching its conclusions about the changed state of affairs in 2016. See id. at 3, 7, 8.
For all of these reasons, even if APA review were available, the City is unlikely to succeed on the merits of its claim that the challenged conditions are arbitrary and capricious.
D. The Conditions Are Consistent with the Spending Clause. The City contends that the conditions run afoul of relatedness and notice requirements under the Spending Clause. See Pl.’s Mem. at 34-42. As stated above, the Spending Clause provides that Congress may “lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1. Congress may employ the spending power “to further broad policy objectives by conditioning receipt of federal moneys upon compliance by the recipient with federal statutory and administrative directives.” Dole, 483 U.S. at 206 (citation omitted).
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In Dole, the Supreme Court described certain limitations on the spending power. One of these limitations is that “conditions on federal grants might be illegitimate if they are unrelated to the federal interest in particular national projects or programs.” Id. at 207 (citation omitted). Another limitation is that when the federal government “desires to condition the States’ receipt of federal funds, it must do so unambiguously, enabling the States to exercise their choice knowingly, cognizant of the consequences of their participation.” Id. (citation omitted).
1. The City interprets the relatedness requirement much too stringently; the conditions are sufficiently related to the purposes of the Byrne JAG Program under the relevant constitutional analysis.
Courts have generally found that the relatedness showing does not pose a difficult hurdle. In Dole itself, the Supreme Court upheld conditioning receipt of federal highway funds on the only loosely-related requirement that a state adopt a minimum drinking age of twenty-one. See id. at 208. The Supreme Court has stated that only “some relationship” is necessary between spending conditions and “the purpose of federal spending.” New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 167 (1992). The Third Circuit has required only “a discernible relationship” between a condition and a federal interest in a program, Koslow, 302 F.3d at 175, rejecting the argument that a “condition must be specifically tailored to a particular federal interest” and furthermore rejecting any requirement “to make specific findings of relatedness in the text of the statute itself.” A.W. v. Jersey City Pub. Sch., 341 F.3d 234, 241 (3d Cir. 2003). Other Circuits, too, require only loose relatedness to satisfy the constitutional requirement. See Charles v. Verhagen, 348 F.3d 601, 609 (7th Cir. 2003) (explaining that a challenged funding condition and the program involved must only “share[] the same goal”); Mayweathers v. Newland, 314 F.3d 1062, 1067 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding that conditions on federal funding need only “bear some relationship to the purpose of
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the federal spending” and disclaiming “an exacting standard for relatedness”). As the D.C. Circuit has observed, the Supreme Court has never “overturned Spending Clause legislation on relatedness grounds.” Barbour v. Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth., 374 F.3d 1161, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2004).
The grant conditions at issue here satisfy the relatedness requirement. The Byrne JAG Program’s organic statute specifies that Byrne JAG funds are designed to provide resources “for criminal justice,” to support programs including law enforcement, prosecution, crime prevention and corrections. 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1). These goals are also reflected in the responsibilities of the AAG, which involve “maintain[ing] liaison” and disseminating information regarding “criminal justice.” Id. § 10102(a)(1), (2). Contrary to the City’s view that the Byrne JAG Program’s goal is to preserve “flexibility” for grantees, see Pl.’s Mem. at 36, the program’s overall goals are much broader: to support and strengthen law enforcement and criminal justice.
The City is simply wrong in viewing immigration enforcement as unrelated to criminal justice. Numerous federal statutes expressly tie these two subjects together. As discussed above, see supra at 26, a conviction for any of a wide array of criminal offenses renders an alien removable from this country, see 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2), and thus no longer present here with the potential to re-offend. The INA also repeatedly contemplates cooperation among state and local officers and federal officials on immigration enforcement. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g) (providing that DHS may enter into formal cooperative agreements with states and localities under which appropriately trained and qualified state and local officers may perform specified functions of a federal immigration officer in relation to the investigation, apprehension, or detention of aliens); 8 U.S.C. § 1324(c) (authorizing state and local law-enforcement officers to make arrests for violations of the INA’s prohibition against smuggling, transporting, or harboring aliens); 8 U.S.C. § 1252c (authorizing state and local officers to arrest certain felons who have unlawfully returned to the
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United States). Under authorities such as these, “state officers may perform the functions of an immigration officer.” Arizona, 567 U.S. at 408. Congress also contemplates the federal detention of certain aliens upon their release from state or local custody, see 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c), further animating the sort of cooperation between federal, state, and local law enforcement that the conditions are designed to foster.
Given that the INA expressly contemplates local law enforcement activity with respect to immigration law enforcement, it is perfectly germane and appropriate for the Department to condition grant funding to promote this purpose. Even the City’s own arguments reflect that immigration enforcement bears some relationship to criminal justice, because the City connects its local immigration enforcement policies to the City’s crime rates. See Pl.’s Mem. at 10-11, 51. Accordingly, because there is a discernible relationship between the conditions and the Byrne JAG program’s goals, the conditions satisfy the constitutional relatedness requirement.
The City also disputes relatedness based on its contention that the “conditions reach activities wholly unrelated to those funded through the Byrne JAG program.” Pl.’s Mem. at 38. The City is mistaken. The requirements of the conditions are expressly limited “to the ‘program or activity’ that is funded (in whole or in part) by this award.” 2017 Greenville Award ¶¶ 53, 55, 56.9 This limitation mirrors the Koslow case that the City cites approvingly. See Pl.’s Mem. at 38 (citing Koslow, 302 F.3d at 176 (noting that challenged condition “governs only a ‘program or activity’ receiving federal funds”)). The City’s relatedness challenge thus fails.
2. The City further overreaches in characterizing the conditions as “highly ambiguous” in violation of the Spending Clause. Pl.’s Mem. at 39. As a threshold flaw of the

9

The text of the Section 1373 compliance condition is materially identical in limiting its

requirements “to the ‘program or activity’ funded in whole or part under this award.” 2017

Greenville Award ¶ 53.

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City’s argument, the City ignores that the Department has, in the challenged conditions that appear in the award document for a prospective grantee to consider accepting, invited submission of “[a]ny questions about the meaning or scope of this condition . . . before award acceptance.” 2017 Greenville Award ¶¶ 53, 55, 56. The City’s assertion of ambiguity in this litigation comes before the City has availed of the invitation for administrative consultation. Moreover, even as the City analogizes the conditions to the terms of a contract, see Pl.’s Mem. at 39, the City’s nit-picking ignores that “all contracts are, by necessity, incomplete to some degree” and it is impossible for “terms specifically to cover all contingencies.” Randy E. Barnett, The Sound of Silence: Default Rules and Contractual Consent, 78 Va. L. Rev. 821, 821-22 (1992).
To back up its litigation posture, the City contrives ambiguities where there are none. Regarding the custody release condition, the City suggests it needs clarity regarding whether the requirement to provide “advance notice of the scheduled release date” for detained aliens would “apply to detainees who have no ‘scheduled release date,’ such as individuals who are awaiting preliminary hearings, trials, or sentencing.” Pl.’s Mem. at 40-41. The condition calls for a correctional facility to honor “a formal written request” “from DHS” “that seeks advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such facility,” by providing “the requested notice to DHS” “as early as practicable.” 2017 Greenville Award ¶ 56. What makes the condition applicable is whether the alien is “in” the facility, not the circumstances of the alien’s detention. And, in practice, it will be evident exactly which aliens the condition applies to because the condition is triggered only upon DHS providing “a formal written request” concerning “a particular alien.” Id. On its face, the condition does not admit of the ambiguity that the City describes; it applies to any alien detained for whatever reason, but only upon a request from DHS
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as to a particular alien, and with the possibility of a response that no scheduled release date
presently exists but that notice will be provided “as early as practicable.”
With respect to the correctional facility access condition, the City wishfully identifies a
supposed ambiguity about whether the condition requires allowing ICE agents access to visit an
inmate even when the inmate has told the facility that the inmate does not consent to an interview.
See Pl.’s Mem. at 41-42. The answer is yes. The condition does require allowing access in this
scenario, even if the inmate might decline to answer questions. The City does not attempt to point
to anything in the text of the condition that indicates otherwise.
As to the Section 1373 compliance condition, the City remarkably complains of supposed
unconstitutional ambiguity concerning the City’s obligations under a statute with which the City
has been required to comply for over twenty years (entirely independent of any Byrne JAG award
condition), and for which the City provided a certification of its compliance in the FY 2016 grant
cycle. The City moreover discounts that the Department has provided public guidance regarding
the requirements of Section 1373. See Dkt. Nos. 1-11, 1-12. That guidance explains, in part:
Section 1373 does not impose on states and localities the affirmative obligation to collect information from private individuals regarding their immigration status, nor does it require that states and localities take specific actions upon obtaining such information. Rather, the statute prohibits government entities and officials from taking action to prohibit or in any way restrict the maintenance or intergovernmental exchange of such information, including through written or unwritten policies or practices. Your personnel must be informed that notwithstanding any state or local policies to the contrary, federal law does not allow any government entity or official to prohibit the sending or receiving of information about an individual’s citizenship or immigration status with any federal, state or local government entity and officials. Dkt. No. 1-12. The City does not explain what is ambiguous about that. “Broad general language
is not necessarily ambiguous when congressional objectives require broad terms.” Geisinger
Cmty. Med. Ctr. v. Sec’y U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 794 F.3d 383, 393 (3d Cir. 2015)
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(quoting Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 315 (1980)). Moreover, the Department has now provided the City with further guidance in the form of a preliminary assessment of the City’s compliance with Section 1373. See Hanson Decl. ¶ 8 & Ex. A.
To the extent there is any uncertainty at the margins of the statute’s requirements, such a penumbra is hardly a basis to find the Section 1373 compliance condition unconstitutionally ambiguous. The City does not complain, for example, about other, long-standing Byrne JAG conditions requiring compliance with restrictions on lobbying under 18 U.S.C. § 1913 and 31 U.S.C. § 1352, 2017 Greenville Award ¶ 19, compliance with “federal appropriations statutes” generally, id. ¶ 20, reporting of evidence of violations of the False Claims Act, id. ¶ 21, and complying with prohibitions on reprisal under 41 U.S.C. § 4712, id. ¶ 23. All these statutes on which various unchallenged grant conditions are predicated could have some zone of uncertainty at the margin. The Section 1373 compliance condition presents no special problem of ambiguity that creates a constitutional infirmity.
E. The Court Should Decline the City’s Request for a Declaration That It Complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.
The City seeks a preliminary injunction on the basis of its request for a declaration that it complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. See Pl.’s Mem. at 42; Compl. ¶¶ 138-44. On this motion for a preliminary injunction, the Court should exercise its discretion to decline the City’s invitation for declaratory relief, which concerns conduct the City has already undertaken, would not absolve the City of legal jeopardy, prematurely disrupts an ongoing administrative process, and rests on no proper cause of action. Even if the Court were to reach this claim, Philadelphia is unlikely to succeed in demonstrating that it complies with Section 1373.
1. Under the Declaratory Judgment Act, courts “may declare the rights and other legal relations of any interested party seeking such declaration, whether or not further relief is or could
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be sought.” 28 U.S.C. § 2201(a) (emphasis added). “The Supreme Court has long held that this confers discretionary, rather than compulsory, jurisdiction upon federal courts.” Reifer v. Westport Ins. Corp., 751 F.3d 129, 134 (3d Cir. 2014). “[D]istrict courts possess discretion in determining whether and when to entertain an action under the Declaratory Judgment Act, even when the suit otherwise satisfies subject matter jurisdictional prerequisites.” Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., 515 U.S. 277, 282 (1995).
“[T]he propriety of declaratory relief in a particular case will depend upon a circumspect sense of its fitness informed by the teachings and experience concerning the functions and extent of federal judicial power.” Id. at 287 (citation omitted). “[D]istrict courts exercising DJA discretion are governed by ‘considerations of practicality and wise judicial administration.’” Reifer, 751 F.3d at 139 (quoting Wilton, 515 U.S. at 288). The Third Circuit has articulated a “non-exhaustive list” of factors for the district court to consider, “to the extent they are relevant,” in exercising its discretion over whether and when to entertain a request for a declaratory judgment:
(1) the likelihood that a federal court declaration will resolve the uncertainty of obligation which gave rise to the controversy; (2) the convenience of the parties; (3) the public interest in settlement of the uncertainty of obligation; (4) the availability and relative convenience of other remedies; (5) a general policy of restraint when the same issues are pending in a state court; (6) avoidance of duplicative litigation; (7) prevention of the use of the declaratory action as a method of procedural fencing or as a means to provide another forum in a race for res judicata; and (8) (in the insurance context), an inherent conflict of interest between an insurer’s duty to defend in a state court and its attempt to characterize that suit in federal court as falling within the scope of a policy exclusion.
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Reifer, 751 F.3d at 146. For the purpose of adjudicating the City’s motion for preliminary relief, the relevant Reifer factors support declining to exercise declaratory jurisdiction at this time.
First, a declaratory judgment—which is available to test the legality of a course of conduct prior to its implementation to avoid legal jeopardy—is not appropriate in these circumstances, where the City seeks to test the legality of policies that have already been adopted. The jeopardy the City seeks to avoid through a declaration of rights already exists. A declaratory judgment, by contrast, “is an alternative to pursuit of the arguably illegal activity.” Steffel v. Thompson, 415 U.S. 452, 480 (1974).
Second, while the City might face legal jeopardy if its policies facially violate Section 1373, it would not be free from legal jeopardy—the relief sought here—unless the City’s policies, together with the City’s conduct in implementing those policies, are consistent with Section 1373. Here, at this preliminary stage of proceedings, the City asks the Court to bless the City’s Section 1373 compliance before the Department has had an opportunity to take discovery of the City’s actual practices and conduct. The City’s request to be declared compliant with Section 1373 accordingly is not comprehensively presented for the Court’s review. In contrast to a declaration that the City is facially non-compliant, a declaration that the City’s policies, on their face and standing alone, comport with Section 1373—without regard to scrutiny of the City’s actual practices—would be an advisory opinion and would not declare the respective rights of the parties so as to protect the City from legal jeopardy. See Calderon v. Ashmus, 523 U.S. 740, 749 (1998) (no jurisdiction where “[t]he present declaratory judgment action would not completely resolve those challenges, but would simply carve out one issue in the dispute for separate adjudication”); Ashcroft v. Mattis, 431 U.S. 171, 172 (1977) (per curiam) (dismissing action seeking declaratory judgment that law violated Constitution, explaining that “[f]or a declaratory judgment to issue,
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there must be a dispute which calls, not for an advisory opinion upon a hypothetical basis, but for an adjudication of present right upon established facts” (citation omitted)).
Third, declaratory relief on this motion for preliminary injunction would preempt the administrative process the Department is presently conducting with the City regarding Section 1373 compliance. In that process, the City has provided its explanation regarding whether it complies, see Dkt. No. 1-14, the Department has responded with a “preliminary assessment,”10 see Hanson Decl. ¶ 8 & Ex. A, and the Department has invited the City to respond further by October 27, 2017 for additional consideration before the Department renders its final assessment. Id. The Court would prudently wait for that process to complete itself, rather than intervening—at a preliminary stage of this federal court lawsuit, no less—where the aspects of any dispute remain to be sharpened or may not in fact exist. As discussed below, see infra nn. 12-13, there is particular reason to believe this administrative process may deliver better clarity about the contours of any dispute. The federal government, for its part, has not requested a declaration that the City violates Section 1373, and the Court should not take up that question absent an enforcement action brought by the United States, which has also not occurred.
Fourth, the City pursues declaratory relief without identifying an underlying cause of action. “The Declaratory Judgment Act does not, however, provide an independent basis for subject-matter jurisdiction; it merely defines a remedy.” Allen v. DeBello, 861 F.3d 433, 444 (3d Cir. 2017). Plaintiff does not identify a right of action, in Section 1373 or elsewhere, to seek a declaration that the City complies with Section 1373. A plaintiff does not automatically have a right of action to seek declaratory judgment wherever Article III standing exists. See Harris Cty.
10 As stated in the Department’s letter, the “preliminary assessment” is based on the City’s “submission, all attached documentation, and [the City’s] laws, policies, and practices relating to compliance with section 1373, to the extent they were provided or are readily available.” Hanson Decl. Ex. A at 1.
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Tex. v. MERSCORP Inc., 791 F.3d 545, 552 (5th Cir. 2015) (“The Counties do not contend that [the governing statute] itself creates a private right of action. Instead, the Counties believe that the Declaratory Judgment Act provides a right to relief because there is an ‘actual controversy.’ This argument is flawed because the Declaratory Judgment Act alone does not create a federal cause of action.”). Declaratory relief is thus unavailable.
For all of these reasons, the Court should—especially at this stage of proceedings, for the purpose of resolving the City’s motion for preliminary relief—exercise its discretion to decline to entertain the City’s request for a declaration that it complies with Section 1373.
2. If the Court were to ignore the flaws of the City’s request and nonetheless exercise discretion to consider declaratory relief at this time, the Court should find that the City is unlikely to demonstrate that it complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. The Department below identifies various facial problems with the City’s policies, but emphasizes that this review does not account for any additional problems that may be revealed by further scrutiny of the City’s actual practices and conduct in implementing those policies—a subject on which the Department has not taken discovery at this preliminary stage of proceedings. Further factual development would be required before an adjudication could be made that the City’s practices, beyond the face of the City’s policies, comply with Section 1373. See Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Ry. v. Browning, 310 U.S. 362, 369 (1940) (“It would be a narrow conception of jurisprudence to confine the notion of ‘laws’ to what is found written on the statute books, and to disregard the gloss which life has written upon it. Settled state practice . . . can establish what is state law.”). Importantly, Section 1373 speaks not only to local policies, but also to any restriction on information-sharing by any “entity or official.” The record in this action, accordingly, is inadequate to make any comprehensive declaratory ruling that the City complies with Section 1373.
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a. Looking only to the face of the City’s policies, the City does not comply with
Section 1373. The statute provides, in part, that a “local government entity or official may not
prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving
from, [federal immigration officials] information regarding the citizenship or immigration status,
lawful or unlawful, of any individual.” 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a). At least two City policies do not
comply with Section 1373, and at least three additional policies may also be non-compliant
depending on how the City interprets and applies them.
First, the City’s Executive Order No. 5-16, which the City’s brief refers to as “Detainer
Order II,” Pl.’s Mem. at 9, states in Section 1 that notice of a person’s “pending release” from City
custody shall not be provided, “unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or
second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” Dkt.
No. 1-6. This section restricts the sharing of “information regarding . . . immigration status” in
violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a).11 Nothing in the statute allows the City to impose a prohibition
that limits information-sharing only to certain circumstances.
11 The INA states that the “immigration status of any individual” specifically “includ[es] . . . that a particular alien is not lawfully present in the United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g)(10)(a) (emphasis added). “Present” means “being in a certain place and not elsewhere,” Webster’s New International Dictionary (2d ed. 1958), so the fact that an alien is in custody for a specific duration (in a certain place and not elsewhere) fits within the INA’s contemplation of immigration status. Moreover, “information regarding . . . immigration status” is a broader category than “immigration status” itself. Comparison of different subsections within Section 1373 demonstrates that Congress used the broader “information regarding” formulation deliberately. Compare 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a) (concerning “information regarding . . . immigration status”) with 8 U.S.C. § 1373(c) (discussing “immigration status” but omitting the broader “information regarding” formulation). “Where Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion.” Dean v. United States, 556 U.S. 568, 573 (2009) (citation omitted). Indeed, the House Report accompanying the legislation stated that Section 1373 was intended “to give State and local officials the authority to communicate with the INS [Immigration and Naturalization Service] regarding the presence, whereabouts, and activities of illegal aliens.” H.R. Rep. No. 104-469, pt. 1, at 277 (1996) (emphasis added). Custody release (. . . cont’d)
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Second, Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06 states at Section III.C that “immigrants who are victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner.” Dkt. No. 1-3. This Memorandum restricts the sharing of information regarding immigration status in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a). To be sure, it is not the Department of Justice’s or the Department of Homeland Security’s policy or practice to request information from state and local jurisdictions regarding the immigration status of victims. There are, however, instances where requesting this information could be appropriate, such as where a person is both a perpetrator and a victim. The key point is that, notwithstanding limits that the federal government may prudentially self-impose, nothing in 8 U.S.C. § 1373 allows the City to impose a prohibition that limits information-sharing under these circumstances.
Additionally, three other City policies may violate Section 1373 depending on how the City interprets and applies them. In its preliminary assessment recently transmitted to the City, the Department has invited the City to provide clarification regarding each of these policies. See Hanson Decl. Ex. A at 3.
The City’s Executive Order No. 8-09, which the City’s brief refers to as the “Confidentiality Order,” Pl.’s Mem. at 8, states at Section 2(b) that police officers “shall not . . . inquire about a person’s immigration status,” unless certain limited exceptions apply. Dkt No. 1-
information falls within the sweep of “information regarding . . . immigration status” that Congress intended under Section 1373(a). Indeed, it is relevant to the federal government’s statutory duties, enacted at the same time as Section 1373, to “take into custody any alien who” has committed certain offenses, 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c)(1)(A), and to “take into custody any alien who . . . is inadmissible . . . when the alien is released, without regard to whether the alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation,” 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c)(1)(D). It is sensible to read section 1373(a) to include information that assists the federal government in carrying out its statutory responsibilities under the same Act. See United Savings Ass’n v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., 484 U.S. 365, 371 (1988) (“A provision that may seem ambiguous in isolation is often clarified by the remainder of the statutory scheme . . . because only one of the permissible meanings produces a substantive effect that is compatible with the rest of the law.”).
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4. Under 8 U.S.C. § 1373(b)(1), however, the City may not “in any way restrict” the “requesting” of “information regarding . . . immigration status” from federal immigration officers. On its face, the Executive Order appears to bar City officers from requesting information regarding immigration status from federal immigration officers. In order to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the City would need to clarify that it interprets and applies this Executive Order to not restrict City officers and employees from requesting information regarding immigration status from federal immigration officers. The City would also need to show that it has communicated this interpretation to its officers and employees. Otherwise, this provision on its face violates Section 1373.
In that same Executive Order No. 8-09, Section 3 states that City officers and employees generally “shall [not] disclose” information “relating to an individual’s immigration status,” but that disclosure is allowed when “required by law.” Dkt No. 1-4. In order to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the City would need to clarify that it interprets and applies this Executive Order to not restrict City officers from sharing information regarding immigration status with federal immigration officers.12 The City would also need to show that it has communicated this interpretation to its officers and employees. Otherwise, this provision on its face violates Section 1373.
Finally, Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06 states at Section III.A that “police personnel” shall not transmit “information regarding an immigrant . . . to federal immigration authorities” unless “[r]equired by law” or certain other exceptions apply. Dkt. No. 1-3. In order to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the City would need to clarify that it interprets and applies this
12 Underscoring why the Court should not exercise its discretion to consider declaratory relief at this time, the parties potentially may not have a dispute on this point because the City’s brief asserts that this “required by law” language is a “saving clause” that rescues the policy from noncompliance by “ensur[ing] that Section 1373 will be followed.” Pl.’s Mem. at 49-50.
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policy to not restrict City officers and employees from sharing information regarding immigration status with federal immigration officers.13 The City would also need to show that it has communicated this interpretation to its officers and employees. Otherwise, this provision on its face violates Section 1373.
To find these facial violations, the Court need not disagree with the City’s view that “Section 1373 imposes no affirmative requirement on States or localities to collect immigrationstatus information.” Pl.’s Mem. at 43. These violations turn, instead, on impermissible “prohibitions and restrictions on information exchange” that the City acknowledges come within the sweep of what Section 1373 disallows. Id. Moreover, four of the City’s facially non-compliant or suspect policies identified above are wholly independent of “the City’s non-collection policies” that may result in “City officials [being] rarely in active possession of information about persons’ immigration or citizenship status.” Id. at 44.
b. Perhaps in recognition that its policies facially violate Section 1373, the City turns to seeking a limiting construction of the statute and questioning the statute’s constitutionality, arguing that Section 1373 does not “displace” the City’s “police powers” and cannot commandeer the City’s personnel under the Tenth Amendment. See Pl.’s Mem. at 46-49. These attacks miss the mark.
In the first instance, the City’s argument incorrectly frames the dispute in this case. The dispute here turns on a grant condition that the City is free to accept or reject, not on a statutory mandate that directly regulates the City. The relevant question, therefore, is not whether Section 1373, as an independent statutory obligation of the City, infringes the Tenth Amendment. Instead,
13 Similar to the preceding footnote, there potentially may be no dispute on this point in view of the City’s statements in its brief regarding this “required by law” savings clause, see Pl.’s Mem. at 49-50, which highlights why declaratory relief is inappropriate at this juncture.
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the only pertinent constitutional question the City presents for the Court is whether the Section 1373 compliance condition—which could have been written to state the same textual requirements as Section 1373 even if Section 1373 did not exist—is a valid exercise of the Spending Clause power. In that context that pertains here, it is settled that the federal government “may offer funds to the States, and may condition those offers on compliance with specified conditions. These offers may well induce the States to adopt policies that the Federal Government itself could not impose.” NFIB, 567 U.S. at 537. A “perceived Tenth Amendment limitation on congressional regulation of state affairs d[oes] not concomitantly limit the range of conditions legitimately placed on federal grants.” Dole, 483 U.S. at 210.
To any extent that the City could nevertheless proceed with a facial attack on Section 1373, the City bears “a higher substantive burden,” because, “[a]s the Supreme Court has repeatedly intoned, facial challenges are the most difficult to mount successfully because the challenger ‘must establish that no set of circumstances exist under which the statute would be valid.’” Knick v. Twp. of Scott, 862 F.3d 310, 321 (3d Cir. 2017) (citations omitted). The City does not meet that burden.
“The Government of the United States has broad, undoubted power over the subject of immigration and the status of aliens.” Arizona, 567 U.S. at 394. The Supremacy Clause provides the clear rule that federal law “shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.” U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2. “As long as it is acting within the powers granted it under the Constitution, Congress may impose its will on the States” and “may legislate in areas traditionally regulated by the States.” Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452, 459-60 (1991). And courts “begin with the time-honored presumption that [a statute] is a constitutional exercise of legislative power.” Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141, 148 (2000) (citation omitted).
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The Second Circuit has rejected a Tenth Amendment facial challenge to Section 1373 of the kind the City raises here. See City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29, 35 (2d Cir. 1999). The Tenth Amendment does not give states and their subdivisions “an untrammeled right to forbid all voluntary cooperation by state or local officials with particular federal programs,” particularly in the information sharing context. Id. at 34-35; see also Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 918 (1997) (contrasting federal statutes that “require only the provision of information to the Federal Government” with those that “force[] participation of the States’ executive in the actual administration of a federal program”); Freilich v. Bd. of Directors, 142 F. Supp. 2d 679, 697 (D. Md. 2001) (“This Court has found no case” holding that a statutory command to report information for a federal data bank “commandeers the state.”). The City’s anti-commandeering theory is especially diminished here because the conditions allow a grantee to use the awarded Byrne JAG funds to cover its costs incurred in implementing the conditions. See 2017 Greenville Award ¶¶ 53, 55, 56.
The City’s sovereignty argument flies in the face of legislative history, recounted in part by the Second Circuit in City of New York, see 197 F.3d at 32-33, demonstrating that Congress intended Section 1373 to counteract passive resistance to sharing information. The House Report accompanying the legislation stated that “[t]his section is designed to prevent any State or local law, ordinance, executive order, policy, constitutional provision, or decision of any Federal or State court that prohibits or in any way restricts any communication between State and local officials and the INS.” H.R. Rep. No. 104-469, pt. 1, at 277. The Report of the Senate Judiciary Committee asserted that, “[u]nfortunately, U.S. immigration law is violated on a massive scale,” S. Rep. No. 104-249, at 3 (1996), and that “[s]ome Americans appear to be ambivalent about the enforcement of the Immigration and Nationality Act.” Id. at 7. Admonishing “[t]hose who are
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reluctant to enforce the immigration laws,” id. at 7, the Report went on to declare, with reference specifically to what became Section 1373, that “[e]ffective immigration law enforcement requires a cooperative effort between all levels of government.” Id. at 19. “The acquisition, maintenance, and exchange of immigration-related information by State and local agencies is consistent with, and potentially of considerable assistance to, the Federal regulation of immigration and the achieving of the purposes and objectives of the Immigration and Nationality Act.” Id. at 19-20. In this history, together with the unqualified text of Section 1373 and the plenary power of Congress to regulate immigration, is an answer to the City’s demand for a “clear statement” of congressional intent “[t]o displace a State’s or municipality’s police powers.” Pl.’s Mem. at 46.
It makes no difference on these points whether the City cabins its objection to the reach of Section 1373 to information-sharing concerning “witnesses to crimes, victims of crimes, and other law-abiding persons seeking City services.” Id. at 45. Irrespective, the City does not enjoy “the power to forbid even voluntary cooperation by state and local officials and workers” in sharing information with federal immigration authorities. City of New York, 179 F.3d at 34.
The City is unlikely to succeed on its additional argument that “construing Section 1373 to compel Philadelphia to disclose information about witnesses and victims as a condition of receiving Byrne JAG funds would violate the Spending Clause” on relatedness grounds. Pl.’s Mem. at 48. The City improperly attempts to frame a Spending Clause violation by diverting focus away from the gravamen of what the Section 1373 compliance condition concerns: informationsharing regarding criminal aliens. See supra at 29-30; see also A.W., 341 F.3d at 241 (rejecting the argument that a “condition must be specifically tailored to a particular federal interest”). The condition as a whole undoubtedly satisfies the City’s demand that it “bear some relationship” to the Byrne JAG Program’s criminal justice goals. Pl.’s Mem. at 48 (quoting New York, 505 U.S.
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at 167); see supra at 29-30. Finally, as the City has been advised, “[i]t is not the Department of Justice’s nor the Department of Homeland Security’s policy or practice to request information from state and local jurisdictions regarding the immigration status of victims,” although there could be “instances where the Department finds that requesting this information could be appropriate, such as where a person is both a perpetrator and a victim.” Hanson Decl. Ex. A at 2.
Because the issue presented for the Court is a grant condition that can be declined, rather than a direct statutory mandate, and because the City is in any event unable to avoid the reach of Section 1373 through either canons of construction or constitutional limits, the City is unlikely to succeed on a claim that its policies comply with the statute, if this Court were even to entertain the City’s request for declaratory relief. II. The City Fails to Establish That It Will Suffer Irreparable Harm Absent a
Preliminary Injunction. “[T]he preliminary injunction device should not be exercised unless the moving party shows that it specifically and personally risks irreparable harm.” Adams v. Freedom Forge Corp., 204 F.3d 475, 487 (3d Cir. 2000). “Furthermore, a showing of irreparable harm is insufficient if the harm will occur only in the indefinite future. Rather, the moving party must make a clear showing of immediate irreparable harm.” Campbell Soup Co. v. ConAgra, Inc., 977 F.2d 86, 91 (3d Cir. 1992) (quotation omitted). The Third Circuit has “insisted that the risk of irreparable harm must not be speculative.” Adams, 204 F.3d at 488. “The dramatic and drastic power of injunctive force may be unleashed only against conditions generating a presently existing actual threat.” Id. at 487 (quotation omitted). “[I]njunctions will not be issued merely to allay the fears and apprehensions or to soothe the anxieties of the parties.” Id. at 490 (quotation omitted). The City cannot demonstrate irreparable harm from the correctional facility access and custody release conditions because the Department is presently enjoined nationwide from
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imposing those two conditions on Byrne JAG grants. See Chicago, 2017 WL 4081821, at *14. Any purported risk of irreparable harm to the City from those conditions is thus inherently speculative and relegated to the indefinite future rather than posing an immediate threat. Irreparable harm to the City does not exist under these circumstances, notwithstanding that the Department has appealed and sought to stay the nationwide injunction in Chicago. “Issuing a preliminary injunction based only on a possibility of irreparable harm is inconsistent with our characterization of injunctive relief as an extraordinary remedy that may only be awarded upon a clear showing that the plaintiff is entitled to such relief.” Winter, 555 U.S. at 22. “[T]he potential harm facing” the City “is remote and hypothetical, which is fatal to [the City’s] request for injunctive relief” because “an injunction may not be used to eliminate the possibility of remote future injury.” Rossi v. Procter & Gamble Co., 597 F. App’x 69, 71 (3d Cir. 2015).
Separately, the City’s claim of irreparable harm from imposition of the Section 1373 compliance requirement is belied by its acceptance of a requirement to certify such compliance in the FY 2016 Byrne JAG cycle and its long delay in raising any legal challenge. Under these circumstances, the City cannot show immediate irreparable harm that justifies exercising “the extraordinary nature of the preliminary injunction power.” Adams, 204 F.3d at 487. “[T]he use of judicial power to arrange relationships prior to a full determination on the merits is a weighty matter,” id., not so lightly invoked as the City would do so here in spite of its own conduct demonstrating a lack of urgency.
Even apart from the existing nationwide injunction and the City’s unexplained delay in challenging the applicability of Section 1373 to the Byrne JAG Program, the City’s claim that the conditions cause irreparable harm by attempting to unconstitutionally coerce the City into abandoning its right to self-government also fails. See Pl.’s Mem. at 50-52. The Supreme Court
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has admonished that “courts should not conclude that [an enactment] is unconstitutional on this ground unless the coercive nature of an offer is unmistakably clear,” Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius (“NFIB”), 567 U.S. 519, 681 (2012) (opinion of Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas & Alito, JJ.), such as where a state is subjected to the risk of losing “over 10 percent of a State’s overall budget” if it declines to adopt certain conditions. Id. at 582 (emphasis added).
The amount of funding at stake to the City through the Byrne JAG Program does not come close to meeting that constitutional threshold. The City asserts that it expects “$1.6 million in FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding.” Pl.’s Mem. at 52. The City’s FY 2017 budget (which ran from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017, whereas the federal fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30) stated estimated obligations of $4.2 billion,14 and its budget for FY 2018 assumes over $4.4 billion in expenditures.15 Thus, the funds at issue for the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG award constitute approximately 0.036% to 0.038% of the City’s overall budget. Such a relatively miniscule impact on the City’s finances does not meet the threshold for establishing unconstitutional coercion. See NFIB, 567 U.S. at 581 (noting that in Dole “the threatened loss of less than half of one percent of South Dakota’s budget left that State with a ‘prerogative’ to reject Congress’s desired policy”); see also A. O. Smith Corp. v. FTC, 530 F.2d 515, 527-28 (3d Cir. 1976) (no irreparable harm where movants “are not ‘small’ corporations” and there is no “contention that the cost of compliance would be so great vis a vis the corporate budget that significant changes in a company’s operations would be necessitated”); ConverDyn v. Moniz, 68 F. Supp. 3d 34, 48 (D.D.C. 2014) (in determining irreparable harm, a “claim of substantial financial losses must be evaluated from the
14 See City of Philadelphia, The Mayor’s Operating Budget in Brief for Fiscal Year 2017, at i, available at http://www.phila.gov/finance/pdfs/FY17FinalBudgetinBriefAdopted.pdf. 15 See City of Philadelphia, The Mayor’s Operating Budget in Brief for Fiscal Year 2018, at 3, available at http://www.phila.gov/finance/pdfs/Operating%20Budget/FY18%20BudgetinBrief _Adopted.pdf.
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perspective of the organization’s total revenues in order to determine if the harm is of a magnitude that warrants injunctive relief”).
Finally, the City claims irreparable harm from a “cloud of uncertainty” regarding its FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant. Pl.’s Mem. at 53. Such uncertainty does not amount to irreparable harm. The Third Circuit has at least thrice emphasized that “injunctions will not be issued merely to allay the fears and apprehensions or to soothe the anxieties of the parties.” Adams, 204 F.3d at 490 (collecting quotations). “There are many rearrangements—not just scrimping and saving rearrangements—that individuals involved in a legal battle must endure pending the conclusion of a suit, and very few will be without some anguish.” Id. The City thus does not meet its burden to demonstrate it will suffer irreparable harm absent preliminary relief. III. The Public Interest and the Balance of the Equities Militate Against a Preliminary
Injunction. The City also bears the burden of establishing “that the balance of equities tips in [its] favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.” Winter, 555 U.S. at 20. These factors merge in a suit against the federal government. See Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 435 (2009). Here, the public interest weighs heavily against the City’s attempt to enjoin congressionally-authorized Executive Branch policies designed to promote enforcement of federal immigration law in jurisdictions that receive Byrne JAG Program funds. Courts have repeatedly held that “there is inherent harm to an agency in preventing it from enforcing regulations that Congress found it in the public interest to direct that agency to develop and enforce.” Cornish v. Dudas, 540 F. Supp. 2d 61, 65 (D.D.C. 2008), aff’d sub nom. Cornish v. Doll, 330 F. App’x 919 (Fed. Cir. 2009); accord N. Arapaho Tribe v. Burwell, 90 F. Supp. 3d 1238, 1255 (D. Wyo. 2015). “Issuing a” preliminary injunction “would harm” the federal government’s “enforcement of the immigration laws and is not in the public interest as ‘control over matters of immigration is
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a sovereign prerogative, largely within the control of the executive and the legislature’ and the ‘government’s interest in efficient administration of immigration laws . . . is weighty.’” U.S. ex rel. Kovalev v. Ashcroft, 223 F. Supp. 2d 688, 698 (E.D. Pa. 2002) (Baylson, J.) (quoting Landon v. Plasencia, 459 U.S. 21, 34 (1982)). The federal government additionally has an interest in seeing that federal funds are used “to further broad policy objectives by conditioning receipt of federal moneys upon compliance by the recipient with federal statutory and administrative directives.” Fullilove v. Klutznick, 448 U.S. 448, 474 (1980).
The challenged conditions promote those interests by, for example, minimizing potentially hazardous public safety situations that may arise where criminal aliens are released into the community, minimizing officer safety risk by limiting potentially dangerous arrest situations, and promoting operational efficiency by conserving the resources needed by DHS to execute its mission. See Brown Decl. ¶¶ 6-11. At bottom, encouraging cooperation among local governments and DHS promotes the public interest in executing federal laws that require removal of criminal aliens. See id.
Each of the three challenged conditions, moreover, ties closely to interests encapsulated in specific federal laws. First, the Section 1373 compliance condition, of course, promotes adherence to 8 U.S.C. § 1373. Second, the correctional facility access condition reinforces investigative authority provided by federal law. An immigration officer “authorized under regulations prescribed by the Attorney General shall have power without warrant . . . to interrogate any alien or person believed to be an alien as to his right to be or to remain in the United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1357(a)(1). An implementing regulation provides that “[a]ny immigration officer is hereby authorized and designated to exercise anywhere in or outside the United States the power conferred by” that statute. 8 C.F.R. § 287.5(a)(1) (emphasis added). The correctional facility access
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condition facilitates such investigation in state and local correctional facilities. Third, the custody release condition helps federal authorities take custody of criminal aliens and comply with the requirement to detain criminal aliens pending removal. See 8 U.S.C. §§ 1226(c), 1231(a)(2). All three conditions, which collectively support the federal ability to remove criminal aliens from the country, help reduce federal expenditures on the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program, under which the federal government compensates states and localities for their incarceration of certain criminal aliens. See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(i). These concrete interests tip the equities at play here sharply toward denying an injunction.
CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, Defendant respectfully requests that the Court deny the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction.16

DATED: October 12, 2017

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN Acting United States Attorney

JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director

/s/ Arjun Garg ARJUN GARG Trial Attorney U.S. Department of Justice

16 The Department does not understand the City to be seeking injunctive relief that extends beyond application of the challenged conditions to the City itself. In the prayer for relief in the City’s Complaint, see Dkt. No. 1 at 46, and in the proposed order on the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction, see Dkt No. 21-2, the City seeks relief only as to its own prospective FY 2017 Byrne JAG award. Relief extending beyond the City—for example, a nationwide injunction—would be improper in scope. Not only has the City not requested such relief, but also constitutional and equitable principles require that injunctive relief be limited to redressing the City’s own cognizable injuries.

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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 28 Filed 10/12/17 Page 60 of 61 Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530 Phone: (202) 305-8613 Fax: (202) 616-8470 E-Mail: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov Counsel for Defendant
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I, Arjun Garg, hereby certify that on October 12, 2017 I electronically filed the foregoing document using the Court’s CM/ECF system, causing a notice of filing to be served upon all counsel of record.
/s/ Arjun Garg ARJUN GARG

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Exhibit A

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U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
_________________________________________________________________________
Washington, D.C. 20531
October 11, 2017
The Honorable Jim Kenney City of Philadelphia 1401 JFK Blvd., Room 1430 Philadelphia, PA 19102-1687
Dear Mayor Kenney,
Your FY 2016 Byrne JAG grant award, required you to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373; to undertake a review to validate your jurisdiction’s compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373; and to submit documentation, including an official legal opinion from counsel, adequately supporting the validation. Thank you for your recent submission. The Department of Justice has reviewed your submission, all attached documentation, and your jurisdiction’s laws, policies, and practices relating to compliance with section 1373, to the extent they were provided or are readily available.
This letter is to inform you that, based on a preliminary review, the Department has determined that your jurisdiction appears to have laws, policies, or practices that violate 8 U.S.C. § 1373. These laws, policies, or practices include, but may not be limited to:
 Executive Order No. 5-16. Section 1 of the Executive Order states that notice of a person’s release from custody shall not be provided, “unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.”1 The Department has determined that this section restricts the sharing of information regarding immigration status in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a).
 Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06. Section III.C of the Memorandum states that “immigrants who are victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner.” The Department has determined that this Memorandum restricts the sharing of information regarding immigration status in violation of 8 U.S.C.
1An ICE detainer form ordinarily requests that a jurisdiction (1) provide advance notice of the alien’s release; and (2) maintain custody of the alien for up to 48 hours beyond the scheduled time of release. The Department is not relying on Philadelphia’s restriction of the latter form of cooperation in this preliminary assessment.

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§ 1373(a). It is not the Department of Justice’s nor the Department of Homeland Security’s policy or practice to request information from state and local jurisdictions regarding the immigration status of victims. There are, however, instances where the Department finds that requesting this information could be appropriate, such as where a person is both a perpetrator and a victim.
Additionally, based on this preliminary review, the Department has noted that the following laws, policies or practices may violate 8 U.S.C. § 1373, depending on how your jurisdiction interprets and applies them. These laws, policies, or practices include, but may not be limited to:
 Executive Order No. 8-09. Section 2(b) of the Executive Order states that police officers “shall not . . . inquire about a person’s immigration status,” unless certain limited exceptions apply. Under 8 U.S.C. § 1373(b)(1), however, Philadelphia may not “in any way restrict” the “requesting” of “information regarding . . . immigration status” from federal immigration officers. On its face, the Department has determined that the Executive Order appears to bar Philadelphia officers from requesting information regarding immigration status from federal immigration officers. In order to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the Department has determined that Philadelphia would need to certify that it interprets and applies this Executive Order to not restrict Philadelphia officers and employees from requesting information regarding immigration status from federal immigration officers. The Department is thus requesting Philadelphia to certify that it has communicated this interpretation to its officers and employees. If Philadelphia cannot provide this certification, the Department has determined that this provision violates section 1373(b).
 Executive Order No. 8-09. Section 3 of the Executive Order states that Philadelphia officers and employees “shall [not] disclose” information “relating to an individual’s immigration status.” Section 3(b)(2), however, allows disclosure when “required by law.” In order to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the Department has determined that Philadelphia would need to certify that it interprets and applies this Executive Order to not restrict Philadelphia officers from sharing information regarding immigration status with federal immigration officers. The Department has also determined that Philadelphia would need to certify that it has communicated this interpretation to its officers and employees. If Philadelphia cannot provide this certification, the Department has determined that this provision violates section 1373(a).
 Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06. Section III.A of the Memorandum states that officers shall not transmit “information relating to an immigrant” unless “required by law” or certain other exceptions apply. In order to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the Department has determined that Philadelphia would need to certify that it interprets and applies this policy to not restrict Philadelphia officers and employees from sharing
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information regarding immigration status with federal immigration officers. The Department has also determined that Philadelphia would need to certify that it has communicated this interpretation to its officers and employees. If Philadelphia cannot provide this certification, the Department has determined that this provision violates section 1373(a). Your jurisdiction may submit a response to this preliminary assessment, as well as any additional evidence you would like the Department to consider, before it reaches its final determination. Please submit all additional documentation by October 27, 2017. Once the Department has had an opportunity to review your submission, the Department will notify you of its final determination. This letter reflects the Department’s preliminary assessment of your jurisdiction’s compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. This letter does not constitute final agency action and nothing in this letter creates any right or benefit enforceable at law against the United States. Additionally, as the United States continues to collect information about your jurisdiction, it reserves the right to identify additional bases of potential violations of 8 U.S.C. § 1373.
Sincerely,
Alan Hanson Acting Assistant Attorney General
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,

Plaintiff,

v.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

JEFF SESSIONS, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,

Defendant.

DECLARATION OF JIM BROWN Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1746, I, Jim Brown, declare as follows: 1. I am a Deputy Assistant Director in the Office of Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). I have been an Immigration Officer since June 30, 1991, serving in the former Immigration & Naturalization Service (INS) and continuing with ICE since its creation in March 2003. In my 26-year career, I have been a member of the management team of INS and ICE for over twenty of those years. 2. My responsibilities include oversight of the Criminal Alien Division (CAD) within ERO. I also have oversight responsibilities over the Special Operations Division within the ERO Field Operations Division. I presently have direct responsibility for the management of the national programs of the Criminal Alien Program, the 287(g) Designated Officer program, the Combined Intelligence Unit, Firearms and Tactical Programs Unit and the Incident & Special Response Unit. 3. ICE is the principal investigative arm of DHS. ICE’s primary mission is to promote homeland security and public safety through the criminal and civil enforcement of federal laws governing border control, customs, trade, and immigration. A critical ICE mandate
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is the enhancement of public safety and the security of the American public through the enforcement of our immigration laws. ICE is authorized to identify and remove several classes of aliens, including those who have been convicted of crimes such as murder, predatory sexual offenses, narcotics trafficking, alien smuggling, and a host of other offenses that harm persons in the United States and have extraordinary public safety consequences. Such aliens can be dangerous and recidivist.
4. The Office of Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), within which I work, is one of the two principal operational components in ICE, the other being the Office of Homeland Security Investigations. ERO oversees programs and conducts operations to identify and apprehend removable aliens, to detain these individuals when necessary, and to remove illegal and removable aliens from the United States. ERO prioritizes the apprehension, arrest, and removal of convicted criminal aliens, those who pose a threat to national security, fugitives, recent border entrants, and aliens who thwart immigration controls. ERO manages all logistical aspects of the removal process, including domestic transportation, detention, alternatives to detention programs, bond management, and supervised release. In addition, ERO repatriates aliens ordered removed from the United States to more than 170 countries around the world. ERO consists of more than 7,500 employees, located at ICE headquarters and in 24 field offices in the United States and overseas.
5. The Criminal Alien Division (CAD), which I oversee, supports ICE’s mandate by performing strategic planning and establishing policy designed to augment ICE’s ability to arrest and remove criminal aliens from the United States following removal proceedings and issuance of an Order of Final Removal.
6. Where a state or local jurisdiction withholds cooperation with ICE’s operational
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ability to enforce federal immigration law against criminal aliens, there are detrimental impacts

on ICE’s ability to fulfill its missions, and thereby to protect the public. These detrimental

impacts can include:

a.

a public safety risk, as criminal aliens are being released into the

community with the potential to re-offend, rather than into ICE custody for removal

proceedings;

b. an officer safety risk, as certain aliens who otherwise would have been

transferred in a controlled, safe, and secure manner directly from state or local custody

into ICE custody for removal proceedings are instead released at large, where they must

be sought for arrest by ERO officers in riskier and potentially hazardous environments;

c.

operational inefficiency, because after the alien has been released at large

from state or local custody, attempting to take the alien into federal custody typically

requires ERO officers to operate in multi-person, outfitted Fugitive Operation teams that

entail a greater expenditure of time, effort, funds, and manpower relative to what is

necessary to take custody of the alien directly from state or local detention; and

d. diminished enforcement, because the need to expend greater resources on

apprehending aliens who have already been released at large limits the number of

criminal aliens ERO is able to apprehend with its limited resources, leaving more

criminal aliens at large and in violation of our immigration laws, and placing the public at

greater risk.

7. The cooperation ICE receives from state and local law enforcement agencies is

critical to its ability to identify and arrest criminal aliens who meet DHS immigration

enforcement and removal priorities.

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8. When deprived of access to state and local detention facilities and/or of communication with state and local officials, ICE is less able to identify criminal aliens who are subject to removal from the United States pursuant to federal law, and who are likely priorities for removal given their arrest and custody in a criminal justice system. For example, ICE officers might have to resort to manually reviewing a list of offenders who were arrested the day before. Such lists might be posted in a public access area of the state or local detention facility, and contain the name of the offender and his/her Incident Response (IR) number. ICE officers then might, for example, run an IR number through a local database that queries the arrest record for the current offense and any other past offenses in the local area to determine the place of birth of the offender. This data is then compared to data in various ICE databases to determine if there have been prior encounters with this individual, and to avoid placing detainers on naturalized citizens. Not only is this a more complex and laborious process than otherwise would be available with better cooperation from state and local authorities, but also many removable criminal aliens cannot be identified by this process and, consequently, they would be released from state or local custody without ICE becoming aware of their presence.
9. If ICE becomes aware of a criminal alien’s imminent release from state or local detention and must make an arrest outside the detention facility, ICE policy requires at least two officers present for such encounters. Were ICE able to arrest within the detention facility, only one officer would be required. Thus, at a minimum, the manpower requirement at least doubles when arrests within state and local detention facilities are not made possible.
10. The absence of cooperation enabling ICE to take custody of criminal aliens directly from state or local detention creates the potential for more dangerous arrest situations where an alien has already been released at large. To apprehend such an alien, ICE will have to
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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 46 Filed 10/19/17 Page 1 of 22

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY of PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

REPLY IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 46 Filed 10/19/17 Page 2 of 22

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .......................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 ARGUMENT ...................................................................................................................................2
I. The Department’s New Conditions Conflict With The Byrne JAG Statute And Are Arbitrary And Capricious .............................................................2
II. The Department’s New Conditions Violate The Spending Clause .........................8 III. The Department Has No Basis To Withhold Funding From The
City On Account Of The Section 1373 Condition.................................................10 IV. Philadelphia Will Suffer Irreparable Harm If Relief Is Not Granted.....................15 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page(s)
Cases A.O. Smith Corp. v. FTC,
530 F.2d 515 (3d Cir. 1976).....................................................................................................12
Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136 (1967)...................................................................................................................8
Amalgamated Transit Union v. Skinner, 894 F.2d 1362 (D.C. Cir. 1990) .................................................................................................3
Cal. Human Dev. Corp. v. Brock, 762 F.2d 1044 (D.C. Cir. 1985) .................................................................................................3
Charles v. Verhagen, 348 F.3d 601 (7th Cir. 2003) .....................................................................................................9
City of Chicago v. Sessions, Case No. 17 C 5720, 2017 WL 4081821 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 15, 2017) ..........................................5
City of Chicago v. Sessions, No. 17-2991 (7th Cir. Oct. 13, 2017).........................................................................7, 8, 13, 16
City of Los Angeles v. McLaughlin, 865 F.2d 1084 (9th Cir. 1989) ...................................................................................................2
Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro, 136 S. Ct. 2117 (2016)...............................................................................................................8
FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120 (1999)...................................................................................................................7
Green v. Bock Laundry Mach. Co., 490 U.S. 504 (1989)...................................................................................................................6
INS v. Yueh-Shaio Yang, 519 U.S. 26 (1996)...................................................................................................................13
Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161 (3d Cir. 2002).................................................................................................9, 10
Lewis v. Alexander, 685 F.3d 325 (3d Cir. 2012).....................................................................................................11
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Nat’l Collegiate Athletic Ass’n v. Governor of N.J., 730 F.3d 208 (3d Cir. 2013).....................................................................................................15
Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012)...................................................................................................................9
Ohio Forestry Ass’n, Inc. v. Sierra Club, 523 U.S. 726 (1998).................................................................................................................12
Plains All Am. Pipeline L.P. v. Cook, 866 F.3d 534 (3d Cir. 2017)...............................................................................................10, 11
Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997).................................................................................................................15
Reilly v. City of Harrisburg, 858 F.3d 173 (3d Cir. 2017).....................................................................................................11
South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987)...............................................................................................................8, 9
St. Louis Univ. v. Duncan, 97 F. Supp. 3d 1106 (E.D. Mo. 2015)........................................................................................3
Step-Saver Data Sys., Inc. v. Wyse Tech., 912 F.2d 643 (3d Cir. 1990).....................................................................................................11
Travelers Ins. Co. v. Obusek, 72 F.3d 1148 (3d Cir. 1995)...............................................................................................11, 12
United States v. Craft, 535 U.S. 274 (2002)...................................................................................................................7
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952)...................................................................................................................7
Statutes 8 U.S.C. § 1182..............................................................................................................................10
8 U.S.C. § 1227..............................................................................................................................10
8 U.S.C. § 1373...................................................................................................................... passim
28 U.S.C. § 2201............................................................................................................................11
34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6)...........................................................................................................4, 5, 6
34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-10158 ..............................................................................................................4
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 46 Filed 10/19/17 Page 5 of 22 34 U.S.C. § 10153....................................................................................................................3, 4, 5 34 U.S.C. § 10156........................................................................................................................2, 6 34 U.S.C. § 10171(b) .......................................................................................................................2 34 U.S.C. § 10446(e)(3)...................................................................................................................5 47 U.S.C. § 224................................................................................................................................6 Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of
2005, Pub. L. No. 109-162, 119 Stat. 2096 ...............................................................................5 Other Authorities 1 Richard B. Cappalli, Federal Grants and Cooperative Agreements: Law, Policy,
and Practice (1987) ...................................................................................................................2 H.R. Rep. No. 109-233 (2005).........................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION The Department of Justice has no answer to the City of Philadelphia’s core argument: The new Byrne JAG conditions being thrust upon the City are unlawful. The Attorney General exceeded the authority delegated to him by Congress to administer Byrne JAG’s formula grant program. He added an enforcement mechanism to Section 1373 that appears nowhere in the statute, and that Congress considered enacting several times but declined to do. He imposed substantive requirements that not only are unauthorized by Byrne JAG, but conflict with the statute’s structure and purpose. And he departed from past agency practice without reasoned explanation. This kind of agency action is the epitome of what the Administrative Procedure Act protects against. It warrants the straightforward remedy of a preliminary injunction here. Even if Congress had intended to authorize the Department to impose these new conditions on Byrne JAG awards—which it did not—that would violate the Spending Clause. A condition must further the goals of the funding at issue. The conditions fail that test. The Department also has no satisfactory answer to Philadelphia’s argument that if the Section 1373 condition can be attached to its 2017 JAG award, the City should not lose any funding on account of that condition. The Department first tries to deter the Court from reviewing this aspect of Philadelphia’s case by citing inapplicable case law and creating the impression that review is inappropriate. There is no impediment to this Court’s review: The Department has determined (incorrectly) that Philadelphia’s policies do not comply with Section 1373, and there is nothing that will occur during the minimal remaining administrative process (i.e., Philadelphia must send a response by October 27) that will alter that conclusion. On the merits, the Department’s proffered reasons for Philadelphia’s non-compliance all fail. Philadelphia’s policies contain numerous exceptions for information-sharing when it comes to
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criminal suspects, and the City’s protections for victims, witnesses, and law-abiding people are consistent with Section 1373 when interpreted in light of the Constitution.
Finally, the argument that Philadelphia will not suffer irreparable harm in the absence of injunctive relief is simply not credible. The City will have to sacrifice either close to $2 million dollars in funding, or its autonomy, hard-won trust with the immigrant community, and efforts to improve public safety for all Philadelphians. Either option irreversibly wounds the City.
ARGUMENT I. The Department’s New Conditions Conflict With The Byrne JAG Statute And Are
Arbitrary And Capricious. 1. The Department lacks any authority—let alone “ample authority”—to impose its policy preferences on recipients of Byrne JAG funds. Opp. 2. The Byrne JAG statute creates a formula grant program, not a discretionary one, for distributing criminal justice funding to States and localities. See 1 Richard B. Cappalli, Federal Grants and Cooperative Agreements: Law, Policy, and Practice § 4.01 (1987) (“In the formula grant program the authorizing Act of Congress determines who the recipients are and how much money each shall receive.”). Congress could have used a discretionary grant model for Byrne JAG, which would have given the administering entity more authority in selecting grantees, but it opted instead to make funds available to States and localities based on statistical indicators such as population and crime rates. See 34 U.S.C. § 10156 (a), (d); see also City of Los Angeles v. McLaughlin, 865 F.2d 1084, 1088 (9th Cir. 1989). In this way, Byrne JAG—codified at Subchapter V of Chapter 101 of Title 34—is different from the discretionary grant programs codified in the same subchapter, which are also administered by the Bureau of Justice Assistance (“BJA”) and which include more authority for the agency in the “selection of applicants to receive grants.” 34 U.S.C. § 10171(b); accord id. § 10191. Congress’s decision to afford less discretion to the Department
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under Byrne JAG was a deliberate one. See Amalgamated Transit Union v. Skinner, 894 F.2d 1362, 1368-72 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (“on the few occasions when Congress intended to give [the agency] broad rulemaking authority vis-a-vis its grantees, it did so expressly”).
An agency’s “actions in allocating . . . [grant] funds must conform to relevant statutes.” Cal. Human Dev. Corp. v. Brock, 762 F.2d 1044, 1048 (D.C. Cir. 1985). The Department’s actions here do not. Congress gave the Attorney General authority to impose three types of conditions on JAG award recipients: (1) conditions pertaining to the grantee’s use of the funds, to ensure that funds are spent on one of the eight categories of criminal justice programming set forth by the statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(A); (2) conditions pertaining to financial and programmatic integrity, id. § 10153(a)(4); and (3) conditions pertaining to compliance with “Federal laws” that, by their terms, are “applicable” to federal grantees, id. § 10153(a)(5)(D); see PI Mem. 16-21. The Department’s new immigration-related conditions fall into none of those categories. By departing from Congress’s careful delegations of authority and substituting the statute’s stated criteria for funds with his own, the Attorney General has acted ultra vires and contrary to Congress’s intent. See St. Louis Univ. v. Duncan, 97 F. Supp. 3d 1106, 1121 (E.D. Mo. 2015) (formula grant statute “was not intended to serve as an avenue for . . . administrators to create [grant terms], according to their own policy preferences”).
2. Historical practice confirms this conclusion, although the Department tries to paint a different picture. As the City exhaustively demonstrated in an exhibit attached to its preliminary injunction brief, every one of the 52 “special conditions” that the Department has historically imposed on the City falls into one of the three buckets of authority prescribed by the statute. See Dkt. 21-11 (Exhibit F). The Department says that several past conditions were actually “discretionary conditions” that do not derive from the authorizing statute but were imposed to
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“promote the Department’s law enforcement and public safety goals.” Opp. 13. That is incorrect. The “information sharing” and “interoperability” condition that the Department references (at 13) fosters programmatic integrity, as per Section 10153(a)(4) of Byrne JAG. See Ex. F, p. 6. The “Prohibited Expenditure List” condition that the Department cites (at 13) traces to a federal law that regulates the use of funds by grantees, as per Section 10153(a)(5)(D) of Byrne JAG. See Ex. F, p. 10. The “training” conditions the Department mentions (at 13-14) both further Byrne JAG’s goal of strengthening public safety, as per Section 10153(a)(5)(A), and implement the Attorney General’s authority to “provide technical assistance to States and local governments,” as per Section 10153(b). See Ex. F., pp. 7-8. Despite the Department’s efforts to gloss over these details, every historical condition imposed on Philadelphia falls comfortably within the statutorily prescribed sources of authority for the Attorney General. The “conditions that the City challenges in this lawsuit” are, in fact, “different in kind.” Opp. 14.
3. The Department’s efforts to locate statutory sources of authority for its new conditions are unavailing. The Department first invokes Section 10102(a)(6) of Title 34, a provision that is not part of the Byrne JAG codification,1 that dates to 1984, and that defines the duties of the Assistant Attorney General (“AAG”) of the Office of Justice Programs. But that provision does not itself vest any power within the AAG: It merely authorizes him to “exercise. . . powers and functions as may be vested within [his office] pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General,” which may “includ[e]” the power to “plac[e] special conditions” on grants or to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) (emphases added). In the case of JAG funds, “this chapter” (i.e., Chapter 101 of Title 34) vests no “special
1 Within Chapter 101 of Title 34 of the U.S. Code, the Byrne JAG program is codified at Subchapter V, entitled “Bureau of Justice Assistance Grant Programs.” See 34 U.S.C. §§ 1015110158. The provision concerning the powers of the Assistant Attorney General is codified in Subchapter I, entitled “Office of Justice Programs.” Id. §§ 10101-10111.
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conditions” authority in the AAG, and Congress’s “delegation” to the Department is confined to imposing the narrow sets of conditions in 34 U.S.C. § 10153.2 (And indeed, every “special condition” historically imposed by the Attorney General on the City has fallen within that statutory delegation. See supra pp. 3-4.) The point is that Section 10102(a)(6) adds nothing beyond the JAG statute itself, and it cannot bear the weight of the Department’s argument. See City of Chicago v. Sessions (“Chicago”), No. 17 C 5720, 2017 WL 4081821, at *6-7 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 15, 2017) (rejecting the Department’s Section 10102(a)(6) argument).
The Department points out that the “special conditions” and “priority purposes” language in Section 10102(a)(6) was added in 2006, in the same enactment in which Congress created the Byrne JAG program. Opp. 15-16. But that fact supports the City’s argument. As Congress was creating Byrne JAG—with its statistics-based criteria for awarding funds and its circumscribed authority for the Attorney General, see Pub. L. No. 109-162, 119 Stat. 2960, 3094-3103 (2005)—Congress was also clarifying that for different grant programs, the AAG’s conceivable “exercise[s]” of authority could include imposing “special conditions” or setting “priorities” for grants, if such was consistent with Congress’s delegations, see id. at 3113. This reinforces that Congress intended Section 10102(a)(6) to run consistently with grant schemes that limit agency discretion, not to override them. See Green v. Bock Laundry Mach. Co., 490 U.S. 504, 524 (1989) (“general statutory rule[s]” should govern only if there is “no more specific rule”). Moreover, it is notable that Congress altered Section 10102(a)(6) by adding the “including”
2 Byrne JAG is in this way different from certain other DOJ grant programs, including several codified in Chapter 101, which do imbue the Department with broader authority to impose grant conditions or develop grant priorities. See, e.g., 34 U.S.C. § 10446(e)(3) (“In disbursing grants under this subchapter [to Combat Crimes Involving Violence Against Women], the Attorney General may impose reasonable conditions on grant awards”); id. § 10381(c) (the Attorney General may “give preferential consideration” to applications for the “Cops on the Beat” program); id. §§ 10171, 10191 (similar). For those grants, Section 10102(a)(6)’s sub-delegation to the AAG to impose “special conditions” confers broader authority.
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clause, rather than by dropping the first clause. 119 Stat. at 3113. If Congress meant to endow the AAG with a new, freestanding power to impose “special conditions,” it would not have retained the requirement that such power derive from other sources of authority.
Next, the Department tries to locate authority for the Section 1373 condition in the “applicable Federal laws” section of the JAG statute. Opp. 17-19. According to the Department, this provision must be construed to refer to the entire “corpus of federal laws that . . . apply” to “state and local jurisdictions,” i.e., any “federal law” that a locality is “already obligated to comply with.” Id. at 19. The Department effectively concedes that its interpretation contains no limiting principle. Under the Department’s reading, the Attorney General could pick any provision from the U.S. Code that applies to a locality—even a law concerning utility poles, see 47 U.S.C. § 224—and impose it as a condition of a JAG award. Such a limitless grant of authority not only would trigger Spending Clause concerns, but would undermine Congress’s objective of disbursing criminal justice grants based on localities’ populations and crimes rates, rather than based on the Attorney General’s policy preferences. 34 U.S.C. § 10156.
4. The Department downplays the “persuasive significance” of the rejected legislation referenced in Philadelphia’s brief, arguing that an “‘equally tenable inference[]’” that “‘may be drawn from [Congress’s] inaction’” on those occasions is that “existing legislation already incorporated the offered change.’” Opp. 20 (quoting United States v. Craft, 535 U.S. 274, 287 (2002)). But one of the failed bills the City cited would have vested in the Attorney General authority to make localities ineligible to receive various “grants . . . awarded by the Department of Justice” if they refused to “cooperate with Federal officials” pursuant to Section 1373. PI Mem. 24 (citing S. 1812, 114th Cong. § 3 (2015)). Congress could not have thought that “existing legislation”—namely, Section 1373 or the “grants” administered by the Department—
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“already incorporated” the authority for the Attorney General to withhold funds based on noncompliance with Section 1373; otherwise it would not have attempted to pass a statute providing exactly that power. Further, while the Department cites case law from other contexts to suggest that failed legislation has little persuasive value, see Opp. 19-20, federal courts, including the Supreme Court, have often relied on rejected legislation as evidence of statutory meaning when the question concerns the scope of executive authority. See FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120, 144 (1999); Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 586 (1952); PI Mem. 26 (citing authorities).
5. The Department’s defenses to the City’s arbitrary-and-capricious challenge are just as weak. First, the Department suggests that its imposition of the conditions is not reviewable under the APA, because the Department has not taken “final agency action.” Opp. 23-24. That is wrong. The Department definitively announced on July 25, 2017, that it was going to impose three new conditions on FY 2017 JAG grantees. Compl. ¶ 86. It submitted a sworn declaration in the Chicago case—and another one here, see Dkt. 28-1 (Decl. of Alan Hanson ¶ 5)—stating that every locality’s FY 2017 award will contain terms identical to those printed in Greenville’s award. See PI Mem. 13. And it told the Chicago district court that it intends to “issu[e], in an expeditious manner, award documents” to the 1,000 entities that applied for FY 2017 grants. See Mem. Supp. Stay, Chicago, at 1-2 (N.D. Ill. Sep. 26, 2017) (ECF No. 81). The Department’s suggestion that there is some “consummation of the Department’s decisionmaking process” yet to occur is nothing more than a tactic to forestall this Court’s review. Opp. 24. The Department has decided to impose the new conditions on all JAG grantees; it can impose the Section 1373 condition on Philadelphia right now; and it hopes to impose the other two conditions imminently
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(if the Seventh Circuit stays the nationwide injunction).3 The agency has acted, and this Court’s review is warranted. See Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136, 149 (1967).
The Department next contends that arbitrary-and-capricious review is “‘substantially similar to rational basis review,’” and so this Court must rubber-stamp the Department’s decision. Opp. 25 (citation omitted). For this proposition, though, the Department relies on a Third Circuit case that dealt with an Equal Protection Clause challenge to agency action in which there was no suspect class. See id. The standard of review is different where, as here, the basis of the plaintiff’s challenge is that the agency deviated from past practice. In this context, the agency must “show that there are good reasons for the new policy,” to demonstrate that it did not act arbitrarily. Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro, 136 S. Ct. 2117, 2126 (2016). The Department has failed to do so. See PI Mem. 33-34. II. The Department’s New Conditions Violate The Spending Clause.
1. The Department’s efforts to resolve the Spending Clause infirmities of its new JAG conditions fare no better. As to relatedness, that “hurdle” is higher than the Department lets on. Opp. 28. The Constitution requires that spending conditions be “reasonably calculated to address th[e] particular . . . purpose for which the funds are expended.” South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207 (1987). No court has endorsed a “loose relatedness” test for the Spending Clause like the one the Department urges. Opp. 28. Rather, courts have insisted that the relationship between conditions and the purposes of federal spending be “reasonabl[e],” Dole, 483 U.S. at 207; “discernibl[e],” Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002); and that conditions and spending “share[] the same goal,” Charles v. Verhagen, 348 F.3d 601, 609 (7th Cir. 2003). In Dole itself, the Court did not find “only [a] loosely-related” connection, as 3 The Department is currently seeking a stay of the Chicago district court’s nationwide injunction in the Seventh Circuit. It filed that motion on October 13, 2017. See Appellant’s Mot. Stay, City of Chicago v. Sessions, No. 17-2991 (7th Cir. Oct. 13, 2017) (ECF No. 8).
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the Department suggests, Opp. 28—it found that the condition was “directly related to one of the main purposes for which [the] funds are expended.” 483 U.S. at 208 (emphasis added); accord Koslow, 302 F.3d at 175-176 (condition “directly” furthered the federal interest).4
The Department’s new conditions are not “reasonably calculated” to further the purposes of the JAG program, nor do they “share the same goal.” The new conditions aim to enhance federal civil immigration enforcement. The JAG program aims to strengthen localities’ criminal justice systems. The JAG program also seeks to “give State and local governments . . . flexibility” in bolstering public safety, H.R. Rep. 109-233, at 89; see PI Mem. 21-23, 36-37, while the new conditions thrust specific policy mandates on localities, including ones that cities such as Philadelphia have found threaten public safety. Calling this a “discernible relationship,” Opp. 30, turns Koslow on its head: A condition must at least “further[],” not frustrate, the congressional interest. Koslow, 302 F.3d at 176.
Rather than confront these tensions, the Department (at 29-30) merely asserts that “immigration enforcement” is “[r]elated” to “criminal justice,” based on sampled sections of the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”). This argument fails, too. The focus of the relatedness analysis is not achievement of the policies behind the condition (here, immigration enforcement) but achievement of the policies behind the spending program (here, criminal justice enhancement). The Department gets this backwards by pointing to INA provisions allowing for deportation of non-citizens who commit certain crimes; that shows at most that criminal justice enforcement by localities can assist immigration enforcement, which is not the goal of JAG funding, even if it is the goal of the Attorney General. See PI Mem. 21-22, 35-39. Likewise,
4 The Department emphasizes that, as of 2004, “the Supreme Court ha[d] never overturned Spending Clause legislation on relatedness grounds.” Opp. 29. But, until 2012, the Court had never overturned Spending Clause legislation as unduly coercive, either. See Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 625 (2012) (Ginsburg, J., dissenting).
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INA provisions permitting law enforcement officers to cooperate in efforts to enforce immigration laws (which are civil, not criminal, see PI Mem. 36) do not show that requiring law enforcement officers to do so will make their jobs easier or alleviate crime in their cities. Indeed, Philadelphia (like other localities) has determined that having its police serve as immigration agents makes it harder for the City to fight crime. Compl. ¶¶ 27-30. The Department does not even contend this judgment is wrong. In the end, the Department utterly fails to show that forcing Philadelphia to abandon its policies under the new conditions would improve “criminal justice.” The conditions do not further an interest in criminal justice; they impede it.5
2. As to ambiguities in the new conditions, the Department has resolved some through its representations in this litigation but has created a new one: The way it will interpret the phrase “information regarding . . . immigration status” within Section 1373. The Department appears to take a potentially limitless interpretation of the phrase, understanding it to authorize information requests about the physical location of any person. See Opp. 38-39 & n.11; Hanson Decl., Ex. A, p. 1. Beyond being an untenable reading of the statute and an attempt to smuggle its notification condition into the Section 1373 condition, see infra p. 13, this sweeping interpretation creates yet more uncertainty for Philadelphia regarding how the Department plans to enforce its conditions. III. The Department Has No Basis To Withhold Funding From The City On Account Of
The Section 1373 Condition. 1. The Department begins by urging the Court not to “reach” the City’s Section 1373 arguments, characterizing Philadelphia’s claim for relief as a “request” for a “Declaratory
5 Further, the Department’s October 11 letter suggests that the conditions are infirm under the Spending Clause because they are not limited to the programs receiving funding. See PI Mem. 38. The letter says that the City’s Confidentiality Policy violates Section 1373 unless Philadelphia communicates to all of “its officers and employees”—i.e., nurses, records clerks, and hundreds of other persons not in JAG-funded departments—to decline following the nondisclosure provision as to the federal government. Hanson Decl., Ex. A, p. 2. That would result in the enforcement of the Section 1373 condition beyond the programs funded by the JAG award.
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Judgment.” Opp. 33-34. It is not. Philadelphia’s preliminary injunction papers ask that this Court “enjoin the Department from withholding any JAG funding from Philadelphia on account of non-compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 because Philadelphia does comply with that condition as properly construed.” PI Mem. 55. To award such relief, the Court would need to find that Philadelphia is likely to succeed on the merits of its Section 1373 claim and faces a threat of irreparable harm. Reilly v. City of Harrisburg, 858 F.3d 173, 179 (3d Cir. 2017). That is not a “declaratory judgment,” nor is it any form of final judgment on the merits.
But even if Philadelphia’s request is evaluated under the reviewability standards of the Declaratory Judgment Act, the City meets them. The Third Circuit’s test for determining the “ripeness” of a declaratory judgment action looks to three factors: (1) “the adversity of the interest of the parties,” (2) “the conclusiveness of the judicial judgment,” and (3) “the practical help, or utility, of that judgment.” Step-Saver Data Sys., Inc. v. Wyse Tech., 912 F.2d 643, 647 (3d Cir. 1990) (Becker, J.); see also, e.g., Plains All Am. Pipeline L.P. v. Cook, 866 F.3d 534, 540 (3d Cir. 2017). All three factors are satisfied here. The adversity of the parties’ interests is obvious: “Adversity” is “clearly present” where a defendant government entity claims a right to “enforce” a legal requirement against a plaintiff. Lewis v. Alexander, 685 F.3d 325, 341 (3d Cir. 2012). The “conclusiveness” of this Court’s judgment is also plain: If this Court determines that Philadelphia complies with Section 1373 (or even is likely to succeed in making that showing), “the legal status of the parties [would] be changed or clarified by the declaration.” Travelers Ins. Co. v. Obusek, 72 F.3d 1148, 1155 (3d Cir. 1995). And judicial disposition of Philadelphia’s compliance with Section 1373 would be highly “useful” to the parties, as it would enable each to “make responsible decisions about the future.” Id. at 1155.
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The Department does not refute these points, but instead suggests that if this Court were
to decide whether Philadelphia complies with Section 1373, it would somehow “preempt the
administrative process.” Opp. 36. That concern is illusory. The Department has concluded—by
letter of October 11, 2017—that two aspects of Philadelphia’s policies are “in violation of 8
U.S.C. § 1373(a),” see Hanson Decl., Ex. A, pp. 1-2, and that an additional three aspects of its
policies will also be found to violate Section 1373 unless the City sends “communicat[ions] . . .
to its officers and employees” (by October 27) to not follow the City’s confidentiality and non-
disclosure mandates as to federal officials, id. at 2-3. Philadelphia has no intention of sending
such communications. There is accordingly no conceivable reason why the Department’s “final
determination” will be any different from its first “assessment”—and thus no impediment to this
Court’s review of the Section 1373 issue. A court need not wait for a party to suffer an actual
sanction when an agency issues a rule whose effect is to “force [the party] to modify its behavior
in order to avoid future adverse consequences.” Ohio Forestry Ass’n v. Sierra Club, 523 U.S. 726, 727 (1998); accord A.O. Smith Corp. v. FTC, 530 F.2d 515 (3d Cir. 1976).6
2. On the merits, the Department’s arguments about why Philadelphia’s policies do not
comply with Section 1373 are also unavailing. First, the Department says that the City’s
notification policy, which provides that notice of a person’s “pending release” from City custody
6 The Department’s assertion that the City “asks this Court to bless the City’s Section 1373 compliance” on the “face” of its policies, “without regard to scrutiny of the City’s actual practices,” is baseless. Opp. 35. The City has submitted numerous exhibits and declarations conveying both the text of its policies and information about the City’s practices. See Dkts. 1 & 21. Indeed, the City argued that one of the reasons its policies comply with Section 1373 is that, in practice, they allow for uninhibited information-sharing about criminal suspects. PI Mem. 4445. The City has also requested an evidentiary hearing so that these issues can be developed on the record and even subjected to cross-examination. It is the Department that has shown little interest in the City’s “actual practices and conduct.” See Opp. 35. After receiving Philadelphia’s June 22 certification, it did not ask for additional information about Philadelphia’s practices to guide its “preliminary assessment.” Nor does the Department’s October 11 letter request such information to inform its “final” assessment. See Hanson Decl., Ex. A, pp. 2-3.
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will not be provided to ICE unless “the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant,” restricts information-sharing in violation of Section 1373. Opp. 38. In a startlingly expansive reading of the INA, the Department argues that “the fact that an alien is in custody for a specific duration”—or, indeed, is “in a certain place and not elsewhere”—constitutes “information regarding . . . immigration-status” under Section 1373. Opp. 38 n.11 (citation omitted). Nonsense. Section 1373 plainly does not cover information about a person’s location—it covers what its text describes: “information regarding the citizenship or immigration status . . . of any individual.” The Department’s attempt to import its advance notification condition (after the Chicago district court enjoined it) into Section 1373, through a reading that “[t]he text will not bear,” should be rejected. INS v. Yueh-Shaio Yang, 519 U.S. 26, 30 (1996).
Second, the Department says that Section 3C of Memorandum 01-06, which provides that “immigrants who are the victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted,” conflicts with Section 1373. Opp. 39. That is because there could be “instances,” the Government muses, “where a person is both a perpetrator and a victim.” Id. The Department evidently neglected to read Section 3A, which stipulates that “police personnel will transmit” immigration-status information when “[t]he immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity.” Compl. ¶ 25. It also ignored the rest of Section 3C, which directs that ordinary law enforcement protocols, including “cooperat[ion] with federal authorities,” shall apply for all criminal suspects. Compl. ¶ 26; see PI Mem. 44-45.
Finally, the Department says that Philadelphia’s general non-collection and nondisclosure policies violate Section 1373 because they appear to “restrict Philadelphia officers and employees from requesting” or “sharing information regarding immigration status with federal immigration officers” in some fashion. Opp. 39-40; accord Hanson Decl., Ex. A, pp. 2-3. The
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Department’s position is untenable. As an initial matter, the City’s non-collection directive accords with Section 1373 because, as the Department all but admits (at 41), that statute imposes no affirmative collection obligation whatsoever. PI Mem. 42-43. Even more fundamentally, as Philadelphia explained in its brief and certification letter, the City’s non-collection and nondisclosure policies contain numerous exceptions for information exchanges—both on the “requesting” end and on the “disclosing” end—especially when it comes to criminal suspects. See Compl. ¶¶ 25-26, 33-35 & Exs. 3-4. Officers can “inquire about a person’s immigration status,” for instance, if such is “relevant to identification of a person who is committing a crime.” Compl. ¶ 34. They can make disclosures in similar circumstances. Compl. ¶¶ 25-26, 35. Section 1373 demands nothing more. The protections that the City’s policies afford for witnesses, victims, and law-abiding persons are consistent with Section 1373—because the statute must be construed to avoid constitutional doubts under the Tenth Amendment, and in light of the Constitution’s provisions on federalism. PI Mem. 45-47.
The Department has no good answer to the City’s constitutional doubt arguments. Rather, it says that because compliance with Section 1373 is being imposed upon the City as a spending condition, “[t]he relevant question . . . is not whether Section 1373, as an independent statutory obligation of the City, infringes the Tenth Amendment,” but only whether it is a “valid exercise of the Spending Clause.” Opp. 41-42. Philadelphia agrees that the Spending Clause is a critical constraint, and that the Department’s planned application of the Section 1373 condition runs afoul of the Clause’s limits. See supra pp. 8-10; PI Mem. 48-49. But the Department also ignores its own argument. The very reason it claims authority to thrust Section 1373 upon the City as part of the JAG award is that it treats Section 1373 as an “applicable Federal law” that regulates the City by its own force. Opp. 17-19. It is entirely appropriate, then, for this Court to
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analyze Section 1373 as a freestanding statute and discern its lawful application. And on that point, Philadelphia’s argument is modest: The City contends that the statute must be read to permit it to exercise reasonable controls over how and when its officials respond to DHS requests, such as by limiting disclosure through criminal information-sharing databases, or else its employees would become commandeered as federal agents. See Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 935 (1997). As the Third Circuit recognized, “many affirmative commands can be easily recast as prohibitions,” and “[t]he anti-commandeering principle may not be circumvented so easily.” Nat’l Collegiate Athletic Ass’n v. Governor of N.J., 730 F.3d 208, 233 (3d Cir. 2013). IV. Philadelphia Will Suffer Irreparable Harm If Relief Is Not Granted.
That Philadelphia will suffer irreparable harm if the Department is not enjoined from imposing its new conditions on the City is evident from the declarations of the City’s senior officials. Upon receipt of its award letter, the City will have 45 days to either (1) overhaul its longstanding policies and provide training on the Department’s new demands or (2) forgo its FY 2017 JAG award. If it chooses the first option, the City risks losing the enormous benefit of increased trust with the immigrant community that has improved the public’s safety, health, and welfare. Crime victims will fear coming forward. Witnesses will fear testifying at trials. Parents will fear taking their children to school and to clinics for immunizations. Residents will fear seeking treatment for their own communicable conditions. But if the City chooses the second option, it will lose $1.6 million in funding for critical criminal justice programs. While the funds may constitute a small portion of the City’s budget, they are essential to the City’s ability to carry out numerous initiatives, spanning from disbursing naloxone to paying police officers overtime. PI Mem. 52. The Chicago district court and others have found that a locality’s inability to apply for Byrne JAG funding threatens irreparable harm. See id. (collecting cases). This Court should, too.
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DATED: October 19, 2017

Respectfully submitted,

SOZI PEDRO TULANTE, I.D. NO. 202579 City Solicitor MARCEL S. PRATT, I.D. NO. 307483 Chair, Litigation Group LEWIS ROSMAN, I.D. NO. 72033 Senior Attorney CITY OF PHILADELPHIA LAW DEPARTMENT 1515 Arch Street, 17th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19102

VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 SARA ARONCHICK SOLOW, I.D. NO. 311081 JASMEET K. AHUJA, I.D. NO. 322093 ALEXANDER B. BOWERMAN, I.D. NO. 321990 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

ROBERT C. HEIM, I.D. NO. 15758

NEAL K. KATYAL (pro hac vice)

JUDY L. LEONE, I.D. NO. 041165

DANIEL J.T. SCHUKER (pro hac vice)

FRIEDRICH-WILHELM W. SACHSE, I.D. NO. 84097 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP

DECHERT LLP

555 Thirteenth Street, NW

Cira Centre

Washington, DC 20004

2929 Arch Street

Philadelphia, PA 19104

(215) 994-4000

Attorneys for the City of Philadelphia

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 46 Filed 10/19/17 Page 22 of 22
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on October 19, 2017, the foregoing document was served electronically by the Court’s CM/ECF system on all counsel of record in this case.

October 19, 2017

VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 49 Filed 10/19/17 Page 1 of 22

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY of PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

No.: 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

BRIEF OF PHILADELPHIA SOCIAL AND LEGAL SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
INTERESTS OF AMICI CURIAE................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 ARGUMENT ................................................................................................................................. 2 I. AMICI HAVE SEEN A DIRECT CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CITY’S
WELCOMING POLICIES AND CRIME VICTIMS’ WILLINGNESS TO REPORT CRIMES, COOPERATE WITH PROSECUTORS, AND THEREBY BENEFIT FROM STATE AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO ASSIST CRIME VICTIMS. .............................................................................................. 3 II. UNDOCUMENTED VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FACE HEIGHTENED FEARS THAT THE CITY’S WELCOMING POLICIES HELP TO ALLEVIATE. .............................................................................................................. 9 III. THE CITY’S WELCOMING POLICIES HAVE ENHANCED AMICI’S ABILITY TO CONNECT PHILADELPHIA’S IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES WITH A BROAD RANGE OF SOCIAL SERVICES. ................................................... 12 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................ 13
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s)
Statutes 18 P.S. § 11.103 ...............................................................................................................................4 18 P.S. § 11.201 ...............................................................................................................................4 18 P.S. § 11.701(a)...........................................................................................................................4 18 P.S. § 11.707(a)(3) ......................................................................................................................4 18 P.S. § 11.901 ...............................................................................................................................4 18 P.S. § 11.902 ...............................................................................................................................4 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(T)-(U).........................................................................................................7 Other Authorities 2017 Advocate and Legal Service Survey Regarding Immigrant Survivors
(National Network to End Domestic Violence) available at http://www.tahirih.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2017-Advocate-andLegal-Service-Survey-Key-Findings.pdf .................................................................................10
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INTERESTS OF AMICI CURIAE Amici are eight non-profit civic organizations dedicated to serving the citizens of Philadelphia by providing critical social services, community organization, individual advocacy, and legal aid to the neediest segments of the Philadelphia community, including members of the community who are undocumented immigrants or part of mixed-status families made up of documented and undocumented immigrants and/or U.S. Citizens. A full description of Amici organizations is provided in Attachment A.
INTRODUCTION Amici have direct experience assisting Philadelphia’s immigrant communities through the diverse and robust programs they sponsor. These programs help immigrants to vindicate their rights as crime victims; provide immigrants access to important public benefits, health care, and resources for which they may be eligible; ensure the safety of immigrant families from domestic violence and child abuse; and advocate for immigrants to achieve safe and fair housing and employment. Amici have seen first-hand the benefits of the City’s policies designed to embrace its immigrant communities, including policies that prevent City employees from unnecessarily collecting and disclosing its residents’ immigration information.1 Those City policies have boosted Amici’s efforts to serve effectively the region’s immigrant communities by allowing Amici to assure their constituents and clients that contact with the City and its employees will not ineluctably result in the disclosure of immigration information to federal officials. Without
1 The City describes its policies to welcome and protect its immigrant communities in detail in its Memorandum in Support of Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Doc. Entry No. 21-1, at 7-11 (Sept. 28, 2017). Those policies include the Philadelphia Police Department’s practice of not routinely asking a persons’ immigration status in the course of investigations or routine patrols and avoiding unnecessary disclosure of individuals’ immigration status. It further includes the City’s “Confidentiality Order,” which directs city officers and employees, including police, to refrain from collecting immigration information and to avoid unnecessary disclosure of any such information inadvertently learned, as well as the City’s policies on compliance with federal immigration detainers and federal requests for access to city prisons.
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that assurance, Amici are concerned that mixed-status and undocumented families and individuals will recede into the shadows, making it difficult — if not impossible — for Amici to provide services vital to the safety, health, and welfare of the entire community. Amici therefore are concerned that the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) effort to impose new and unlawful conditions on the City’s Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (Byrne Grant) will imperil the City’s current policies, which have been carefully designed to encourage its vibrant and substantial immigrant communities to participate more fully in civic life.
Because of the potential for irreparable harm if the City complies with the DOJ’s new Byrne Grant conditions, the undersigned Amici urge this Court to grant Philadelphia’s motion for a preliminary injunction.
ARGUMENT Each of the undersigned Amici serve members of the immigrant communities in the City of Philadelphia — a population that includes both documented and undocumented immigrants, as well as mixed-status families made up of documented and undocumented immigrants and/or U.S. Citizens. Amici have witnessed how the City’s welcoming policies have bolstered the trust between immigrant communities and the City and its officials. When crime has struck members of Philadelphia’s immigrant communities, Amici have played a critical role in supporting immigrant victims in seeking justice for the harm they have suffered, including educating victims and witnesses on their rights and responsibilities, affording victims an avenue to victims’ compensation programs, and enabling crime victims and witnesses to participate in the T and U Visa programs that give immigration relief to certain crime victims who cooperate with law enforcement.
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Amici have seen a direct link between the City’s welcoming policies and their clients’ willingness to report crimes and participate in any ensuing prosecution. Those benefits are particularly crucial for those members of the immigrant communities seeking legal protection from domestic violence and abuse, where victims who are undocumented or part of mixed-status families must overcome their fear of immigration consequences in addition to their fear of their abuser before seeking legal protection or the assistance of police. Likewise, combating human trafficking is an important law enforcement goal, and one that requires the trust and cooperation of undocumented victims.
Amici, moreover, have found that the City’s welcoming policies have more broadly enabled them to identify individuals in immigrant communities in need of vital social services, and to assist members of Philadelphia’s immigrant communities in asserting their legal rights not only in the immigration context, but also to obtain unpaid wages, public benefits, health care, and crime-victims’ compensation to which they are entitled.
Amici believe that the City’s policies designed to protect and welcome immigrants are critical to their own success in serving the community and join together in support of the City’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction. I. AMICI HAVE SEEN A DIRECT CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CITY’S
WELCOMING POLICIES AND CRIME VICTIMS’ WILLINGNESS TO REPORT CRIMES, COOPERATE WITH PROSECUTORS, AND THEREBY BENEFIT FROM STATE AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO ASSIST CRIME VICTIMS Amici Victim Witness Services of South Philadelphia (V/WSSP) and Women Against Abuse (WAA) have witnessed a direct impact between the City’s nondisclosure policies and the willingness of crime victims in Philadelphia’s immigrant communities to report crimes, participate in any ensuing prosecution, and thereby render themselves eligible to receive statemandated victim’s compensation benefits, social services, and other rights to which they are
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entitled by Pennsylvania state law. Moreover, by encouraging crime victims to report crimes and assist in their prosecution, Amici have helped many undocumented Philadelphians secure U and T Visas, which allow victims of certain serious crimes and human trafficking to legally live and work in the region.
V/WSSP and other victim and witness services organizations can only effectively achieve their missions if victims of and witnesses to crime trust the police and criminal justice system. The Crime Victims Act confers substantial rights on victims of crime, including the right to be notified of services available to victims, the right to be informed of significant actions and proceedings in the victim’s case (see 18 P.S. §§ 11.201, 11.902), and even compensation (see 18 P.S. § 11.701(a)); however, in order to be entitled to these rights and benefits, the Act generally requires victims to promptly report the crime and cooperate with the investigation. See 18 P.S. §§ 11.707(a)(3), 11.901. Importantly, the Crime Victims Act does not distinguish between undocumented immigrants and other victims of crime. See 18 P.S. § 11.103 (defining “Victim”).
V/WSSP partners with the City to identify crime victims and helps victims benefit from the Victim Compensation Assistance Program (VCAP), a program which provides compensation to crime victims including reimbursement for medical and counseling bills, lost earnings, and funeral expenses. Not only does V/WSSP’s work assist victims of crime, but it also assists the broader Philadelphia community—because V/WSSP helps ensure that crimes are reported and addressed, the City of Philadelphia as a whole is safer. Approximately 30 percent of V/WSSP’s clients are immigrants. In the past year, V/WSSP assisted in the filing of 280 claims and recovered over $200,000 for victims of crime, in addition to providing outreach and services to over 1,400 victims, witnesses, and family members.
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V/WSSP has worked hard to build trust with the many and varied immigrant communities in South Philadelphia so that it can effectively connect these communities to critical services. V/WSSP’s immigrant clients’ primary concern in deciding whether to work with V/WSSP is whether they can trust the police and the criminal justice process. V/WSSP has seen that crime victims in immigrant communities are forced to carefully weigh whether the perceived benefits of cooperating with police and prosecutors will be eclipsed by the danger that such cooperation will lead to their own investigation, apprehension, or deportation by federal immigration officials. V/WSSP is concerned that, by forcing the City to change its nondisclosure policies, undocumented immigrants will be unwilling to face the increased risk of deportation in the event that they come forward as victims.
Amici have experienced how the threat of apprehension by federal immigration officials impedes the Philadelphia Police Department’s ability to investigate crime and the ability of victim services organizations to protect the rights of victims of crime. For example, a Latino male in his 30’s was recently the victim of an aggravated assault.2 The Philadelphia Police Department made an arrest in the case, which proceeded to a preliminary hearing, but the victim repeatedly failed to appear. A V/WSSP advocate was able to make contact with the victim, who told the advocate that he had not gone to court because he was fearful that federal immigration agents would be in the courtroom. Although the case was held for trial on other evidence, it seems unlikely the prosecution will be able to successfully prosecute the case if the victim continues to feel too threatened to appear in court.
Similarly, a Latino male in his 20’s was walking home from his job at a restaurant with two of his friends when he was attacked by a group of men who yelled racial slurs and beat him
2 The anecdotes in this brief do not include the names or identifying characteristics of the individuals described because of Amici’s concern that such information not be used adversely by immigration officials or others.
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in the head with a brick. He is still unable to eat solid food. An arrest was made in the case and the victim has cooperated with the prosecution. The victim’s friends, however, who witnessed the assault, told a V/WSSP advocate that they are too afraid to testify in the case because they have heard that immigration agents wait for people outside the courtroom and they are not willing to take that risk. These friends have discouraged the victim from testifying for the same reason.
But notwithstanding heightened fear and anxiety many immigrants feel as a result of the federal government’s recent crackdown on undocumented immigrants, the City’s welcoming policies continue to make immigrants more comfortable reporting crimes to the local police. One member of the New Sanctuary Movement (NSM) has been mugged twice, once before the enactment of the City’s current policies and once after. When he was mugged the second time, the individual felt much more comfortable reporting the crime to the police. The victim relayed that a police officer was dispatched, provided assistance, and never inquired about his immigration status.
Attorneys from Community Legal Services (CLS) have had similar experiences while advising low-income Philadelphians, including undocumented immigrants, whether to seek police assistance. CLS advocates report that their undocumented clients who are victims of crime are often exploited and face wage theft, sexual harassment, and other labor abuses because they are seen as uniquely vulnerable. Because of the City’s policies, CLS has the ability to refer these clients to the police, which is critical for the safety of CLS’s clients, their families, and the entire city.
Cooperation with the criminal justice system also enables Amici HIAS Pennsylvania, Nationalities Services Center (NSC), and Friends of Farmworkers (FOF) to aid undocumented
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Philadelphians who cooperate and become eligible for T or U Visas that can allow them to legally remain and work here. T Visas are available to victims of human trafficking, while U Visas are available to victims of other certain serious crimes. See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(15)(T)-(U). T and U Visas require immigrant victims of enumerated crimes to cooperate with police by reporting and then assisting with the investigation of the crimes that were perpetrated against them. During the last fiscal year, HIAS Pennsylvania opened 113 U-Visa cases, and since 2011, FOF has identified over 100 victims of labor trafficking and has successfully secured T Visas for 50 victims and 63 of their family members so far, with many cases currently pending. Because many T Visa applicants are parents of U.S. citizens, those cases stabilized the homes of 39 citizen children.
Amici can attest to the tremendous courage required by victims at risk of deportation to cooperate with police, and Amici have found that crime victims’ cooperation typically can only be secured by assurances that they will not be automatically deported for reporting crimes to local police and assisting police and prosecutors in ensuring that justice can be accomplished. Under the City’s current policies, HIAS Pennsylvania, NSC, and FOF have found that undocumented victims of crime, including victims of human trafficking, have been more willing to cooperate with law enforcement and, as a result, become eligible for T and U Visa status. If the City were to change its policies, however, the trust necessary to report and assist in the investigation of human trafficking or other serious crimes — a prerequisite to T or U Visa eligibility — would collapse.
Because FOF and NSC serve clients throughout the Commonwealth, they know firsthand how the variation in immigration enforcement policies across Pennsylvania impacts the willingness of immigrant crime victims to speak out. FOF reports that, in the last year, the
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organization has assisted three victims of labor trafficking who were minors at the time of the trafficking. One victim was forced to live and work in a factory in Philadelphia for years while being paid below minimum wage. The victim had serious concerns about reporting the mistreatment to law enforcement. Victims of labor trafficking are often hesitant to report to law enforcement because, among other things, their traffickers use the threat of reporting immigrant victims to law enforcement as a means of exerting control over them. Ultimately, this victim reported the crime to the Philadelphia Police Department with the assistance of FOF. Two other child trafficking victims were assisted by FOF this year and only were willing to report the trafficking crimes to the Philadelphia Police after discussing the City’s nondisclosure policies with FOF.
By contrast, in jurisdictions that do not have policies like Philadelphia’s to protect undocumented immigrants, FOF has worked with numerous victims who have been unwilling to report crimes to local law enforcement. Recently, FOF staff met with a group of immigrants who live and work in another Pennsylvania county, and who reported that they and others were repeatedly raped and assaulted at work by a supervisor. The victims are afraid of the potential immigration-related consequences of reporting the crimes to law enforcement. Unfortunately, the crimes took place in a jurisdiction that does not have policies like Philadelphia’s, and therefore it is much less likely that the victims will feel safe reporting those very serious crimes to local law enforcement. Where policies make undocumented immigrants fearful to report criminal behavior to authorities, traffickers can continue to exploit Pennsylvanians without fear of prosecution.
A denial of the City’s requested relief may force the City to change its nondisclosure policies — a change which would substantially undermine Amici’s ability to encourage crime
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victims to cooperate with city police, prosecutors, and employees in the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of crime. Lifting, even temporarily, the City’s nondisclosure policies, would damage hard-won credibility that Amici have forged with their immigrant constituents, who trust Amici to work to improve the safety of all communities in Philadelphia. And a mandate that the City must share victims’ and witnesses’ immigration information with federal officials would create a strong deterrent for crime victims from cooperating with local law enforcement. The volume of crimes perpetrated against immigrants reported to Amici in only a one-year period conveys the public safety concerns at stake if those perpetrators would remain free to terrorize Philadelphia’s neighborhoods without victims and witnesses cooperating in their prosecution. II. UNDOCUMENTED VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FACE
HEIGHTENED FEARS THAT THE CITY’S WELCOMING POLICIES HELP TO ALLEVIATE For victims of domestic violence within Philadelphia’s immigrant communities, a change in City policy would have potentially profound consequences. Undocumented immigrants who are victims of domestic and interpersonal violence face higher barriers to escaping abuse than their non-immigrant counterparts due to immigration laws, language barriers, social isolation, and lack of financial resources. The Women Against Abuse (WAA) Legal Center, which serves a diverse population of domestic violence survivors, prioritizes clients who are immigrants and those with limited English proficiency. A WAA supervising attorney with expertise in immigration serves approximately 20 immigrant victims of domestic violence each year, and has experienced how the cloud of immigration consequences inhibits domestic violence victims’ ability to seek legal protection from abuse, and pursue criminal charges against their abusers. The fear and isolation suffered by all victims of domestic violence is further heightened when the victims or members of the victim’s family are undocumented immigrants — factors which allow
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abusers to leverage the risk of deportation to discourage their victims from reporting domestic violence to police, requesting a PFA order, or seeking refuge with organizations like WAA. Many WAA clients are only comfortable appearing in court to seek child custody or a PFA, providing information to WAA, or calling authorities when threatened or abused by a partner because of the assurance that the City and its employees will not affirmatively seek to turn over a domestic violence victim and her information to federal immigration authorities. The City’s nondisclosure policies thus allow organizations like WAA to gain the trust of domestic violence victims and assist them in crafting safety plans that take into consideration their status as both victim and immigrant.
The experience of WAA’s staff, moreover, mirrors national studies on the special challenges faced by immigrants who become victims of domestic violence and abuse. The National Network to End Domestic Violence recently released key findings from the 2017 Advocate and Legal Service Survey Regarding Immigrant Survivors, and found “78 percent of advocates reported that immigrant survivors expressed concerns about contacting police. Similarly, three in four service providers responding to the survey reported that immigrant survivors have concerns about going to court for a matter related to the abuser/offender. Finally, 43 percent of advocates worked with immigrant survivors who dropped civil or criminal cases because they were fearful to continue with their cases.”3
NSC’s experience show that victim’s fears of detention or deportation are not unwarranted, particularly in jurisdictions that lack the policies that the City of Philadelphia has enacted. For example, NSC represented an undocumented woman who resided in a county outside Philadelphia and who had been abused by both her spouse and her family. When the
3 2017 Advocate and Legal Service Survey Regarding Immigrant Survivors (National Network to End Domestic Violence)available at http://www.tahirih.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2017-Advocate-and-Legal-ServiceSurvey-Key-Findings.pdf.
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woman reported the abuse to the police, she was arrested because she did not speak English and the police could only get the abuser’s account of the abuse. Not only was the victim forced to submit to criminal proceedings, but because the county did not have policies like Philadelphia’s, even after the criminal charges were dismissed, the victim was transferred to federal immigration custody and ended up detained and placed into removal proceedings. Although NSC was ultimately able to help the victim obtain valid immigration status through the U Visa program, that relief came only after the ordeal of arrest, detention, and temporary separation from her child.
Conversely, NSC represented an undocumented woman under similar circumstances in Philadelphia, that resulted in a drastically different outcome. In that case, the Philadelphia victim called the police to report abuse, and she also ended up being arrested based on her abuser’s statement to the responding police officers at the scene. Once the true facts surrounding the domestic abuse came to light, the criminal charges against the Philadelphia victim were dismissed. This time, however, the victim was released without detention by federal immigration authorities and NSC was able to assist her application for a U Visa. Despite the fact that both women were eligible for U Visa status under federal law, the victim that was not protected by Philadelphia’s policies was forced to undergo the unnecessary and traumatic experience of federal detention as a direct consequence of reporting her abuse.
A repeal of the City’s policies that otherwise protect undocumented victims of domestic violence from collateral immigration consequences could have potentially lethal effects: victims will fear contacting authorities to report abuse and will hesitate to appear in family court to obtain PFAs or to otherwise seek protective custody and housing rights. Conversely, if the City were forced to accept the DOJ’s Byrne Grant conditions, the City’s clerks, social workers, and
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police officers would be empowered to collect information about domestic violence victims’ immigration status and to report that information to federal immigration enforcement agents — a prospect which will surely lead to fewer immigrant victims of domestic violence seeking aid from organizations like WAA and NSC. Such an outcome would lead to increased levels of inter-partner violence and decrease the number of abusers who are prosecuted for their actions, irreparably harming the citizens of Philadelphia. III. THE CITY’S WELCOMING POLICIES HAVE ENHANCED AMICI’S ABILITY
TO CONNECT PHILADELPHIA’S IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES WITH A BROAD RANGE OF SOCIAL SERVICES Amici have found that the City’s current policies provide broad social benefits that extend well beyond the criminal justice system. The City’s policies have enabled Amici to assist immigrant residents to enable them to participate in the City’s civic and economic life and obtain access to critical health care resources and public benefits for which they are eligible. One anecdote illustrates broad-ranging benefits that the City’s welcoming policies have had for Amici’s constituents. NSM relates that, as a result of the City’s policies, two of its members — a husband and wife — have turned their unlicensed street-corner food sales into a licensed food-cart business that enhances the community and the City’s economy. The couple owns a small business selling Mexican food. Before the City put its current policies in place, the couple was too frightened to register their business with the City for fear that the City would alert federal immigration agents. As a result, the couple operated their business out of a cooler and a shopping cart on a city street corner and would hide whenever police approached. After the City enacted its current policies, the couple gained sufficient confidence to seek a business and food license from the City’s Department of Licenses and Inspections. The couple successfully registered their business with the City, and as a result, they were able to buy a small food cart, and even hire another employee. The City’s policies thus encouraged this couple to
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transform their underground food business into one that may fully and legitimately participate in the City’s community and economy.
CLS advocates have further seen that the City’s policies have assisted its efforts in obtaining health care for undocumented immigrants. CLS has observed that its undocumented clients are often too fearful to access desperately needed health care, and sometimes even avoid seeking emergency treatment for life-threatening illnesses out of concern that an emergency room visit could alert federal immigration authorities to their undocumented status or their whereabouts. Because of the City’s policies, CLS advocates have had success referring clients to City health clinics for primary health care services, thereby preventing otherwise minor health concerns from spiraling into more serious health concerns that require specialized medical care.
CLS has also worked with the City directly to develop important community education materials. For example, CLS has heard from its clients that many undocumented parents choose not to apply for or to cancel Medicaid benefits for their eligible children for fear that federal immigration officials can access the information in a Medicaid application and use it to detain and deport the parent. However, CLS has been working to train benefits counselors at City health centers and provide those counselors with information about privacy protections in place at the County Assistance Offices. Such outreach programs improve the City’s ability to reach and serve undocumented immigrants to allow them to access such critical health and educational benefits.
CONCLUSION There is no city in the country that is a “sanctuary” to an undocumented immigrant. At any time, an unauthorized immigrant can be, and often is, detained and deported. The City’s welcoming policies — particularly its policies prohibiting unnecessary collection and disclosure
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of immigration information — have assured the Philadelphia immigrant communities that the local police will not simply turn a crime victim or witness over to federal immigration authorities. Likewise, the City’s policies have given its immigrant communities confidence that it may access City services, license businesses, or seek out health, immigration, and social services to which they are entitled without fear of immediate immigration consequences. In this way, the City’s carefully designed policies create a safer, healthier, and more cohesive city, and enable social service and legal aid organizations like Amici to identify residents in need and to serve the City’s immigrant communities in crucial, and at times life-saving, ways.
Because a change in City policy would cause irreparable harm to those services and the City, Amici urge this Court to grant Philadelphia’s requested relief.

Dated: October 19, 2017

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Mark A. Kasten

Ilana H. Eisenstein (No. 94907)

Mark A. Kasten (No. 316387)

Kristina Neff (No. 314295)

DLA PIPER LLP (US)

One Liberty Place

1650 Market Street, Suite 4900

Philadelphia, PA 19103-7300

Telephone:

215.656.3300

Facsimile:

215.656.3301

Attorneys for Amici Curiae

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ATTACHMENT A: Description of Amici Organizations Community Legal Services (CLS) has provided free civil legal assistance to more than one million low-income Philadelphians since it was founded by the Philadelphia Bar Association in 1966, and is nationally recognized as a model legal services organization. In 2016, CLS has represented over 9,100 low-income Philadelphians, whose families included 12,981 children. CLS assists clients when they face the threat of losing their homes, incomes, health care, and even their families. CLS attorneys and other staff provide a full range of legal services, from individual representation, to administrative advocacy, to class action litigation. CLS also provides community education and access to social workers. CLS represents several hundred undocumented clients every year in a wide variety of legal cases including employment, family law, eviction, utility shutoffs and health insurance. In several areas of law, CLS attorneys have developed specialized expertise in legal issues that particularly impact undocumented individuals and families. For instance, CLS represents many undocumented workers whose employers improperly have withheld earned wages, have paid less than minimum wage or have not paid legally required overtime. CLS also represents undocumented immigrants who are entitled to Medical Assistance coverage for critical health needs but have been denied and represents undocumented parents in cases involving custody of their children. Friends of Farmworkers (FOF) supports low-wage workers as they pursue economic and social justice. For nearly 40 years, FOF has principally advanced its mission by providing free legal representation on employment-related matters relevant to its client population, which is largely made up of immigrant and migrant workers. In addition to direct representation, FOF also engages in impact litigation and provide community education throughout Pennsylvania. A
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core aspect of its current work involves assisting victims of labor trafficking with the immigration legal process and pursuing other civil legal claims on behalf of victims, both of which require FOF to facilitate reporting of trafficking crimes to police. While FOF supports low-wage workers across Pennsylvania, during fiscal year 2017, Philadelphia residents made up 20% of its caseload.
HIAS Pennsylvania provides legal, resettlement, citizenship, and supportive services to immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers from all backgrounds in order to ensure their fair treatment and full integration into American society. Driven by the Jewish value of “welcoming the stranger,” HIAS Pennsylvania advocates for just and inclusive practices. HIAS Pennsylvania provides representation and legal counseling before immigration agencies and courts; provides resettlement and other social services to newly arriving immigrants, refugees, and those recently granted asylum; and advocates for and educates the public about immigrant issues and rights.
Nationalities Services Center (NSC) serves more than 5,000 immigrants and refugees each year from 111 countries around the world. Based on the types of services provided to the clients, NSC estimates that approximately half of their legal services clients are undocumented. NSC is the largest non-sectarian organization in the Greater Philadelphia area which provides comprehensive services in the areas of language access and proficiency, immigration legal services, community transition and integration, access to health and wellness, and job readiness training to immigrants and refugees. In the past five years, NSC has resettled more than 2,500 refugees from countries around the globe. In 2016, NSC staff attorneys served 1,164 primary clients, excluding family members, with an array of services, including family-based petitions, U-visas, naturalization, asylum, and other relief for victims of domestic violence. As the lead agency in the Philadelphia Refugee Health Collaborative, last year, NSC’s Health and Wellness
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department provided health access services, including health screenings, medical appointments and health insurance enrollment, for 1,608 clients. Furthermore, 501 survivors of torture were served through the Philadelphia Partnership for Resilience.
New Sanctuary Movement of Philadelphia (NSM) builds community across faith, ethnicity, and class in its work to end injustices against immigrants regardless of immigration status and to ensure that the values of dignity, justice, and hospitality are lived out in practice and upheld in policy. Working with 26 congregations from the Latino, Indonesian and white citizen communities, NSM implements its values and vision with three programs: Education, Grassroots Organizing, and Accompaniment. NSM organizes congregations, educates and builds leadership in Philadelphia’s immigrant communities, and engages allied members to stand in solidarity with the immigrant communities and walk with families facing deportation to end unjust policies while building more organized and empowered communities.
The Pennsylvania Immigration & Citizenship Coalition (PICC) is a diverse coalition of over 50 member organizations and hundreds of individual members. Its membership includes community groups, social and legal service providers, advocacy organizations, faith communities, community leaders, and concerned individuals. Its mission is to advance immigrants’ rights and promote their full integration into society by advocating with a unified voice to enhance public understanding and encourage welcoming public policies throughout Pennsylvania.
Victim/Witness Services of South Philadelphia, Inc. (V/WSSP) was established in 1989 by religious and community leaders, police, and local politicians who recognized that crime was having a devastating effect on neighborhoods, local business districts, and institutions. The founders envisioned a community-based agency that would respond to problems unique to the
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communities of South Philadelphia. V/WSSP provides direct services such as support counseling; orientation to the criminal justice process; court accompaniment; social service referrals; and assistance filing claims for the Victim Compensation Assistance Program (VCAP) for medical and counseling bills, lost earnings and funeral expenses. V/WSSP has served over 60,000 people in the three South Philadelphia Police Districts since its inception.
Women Against Abuse (WAA) is the leading domestic violence advocate and service provider in Philadelphia. Women Against Abuse serves an average of 15,000 individuals each year through its legal services, two 100-bed emergency safe havens, transitional housing, community-based support, hotline counseling, trauma-informed behavioral healthcare, and community education, technical assistance, and advocacy aimed at prevention. WAA operates the only emergency shelter facilities devoted solely to victims of domestic violence in Philadelphia. WAA provides critical services, such as legal representation and housing, to victims of domestic violence in Philadelphia, including undocumented immigrants. The WAA Legal Center provides free attorney representation, court advocacy and telephone counseling to thousands of individuals each year in need of assistance in protection from abuse, child custody and support matters to become safe from an abusive partner. WAA attorneys are experts in Protection From Abuse (PFA) law and family court procedure, and the only service provider in Philadelphia to staff the PFA courtrooms daily. WAA staff members also work closely with the Department of Human Services, Philadelphia Police Department, and the Family Violence and Sexual Assault Unit of the District Attorney’s office on both individual cases and systemic issues.
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the foregoing was filed with the Court electronically on the 19th day of October, 2017. Notice of this filing will be sent by operation of the Court’s electronic filing system to all parties indicated on the electronic filing receipt. Parties may access this filing through the Court’s system.
By: /s/ Mark A. Kasten Mark A. Kasten

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 50 Filed 10/19/17 Page 1 of 9

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, Attorney General of the United States, in his official capacity,
Defendant.

Civ. Action No. 17-3894 Hon. Michael M. Baylson

MOTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS FOR LEAVE TO FILE AN AMICI CURIAE BRIEF
IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR A PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
HARRY SANDICK (pro hac vice pending) JAMISON DAVIES (pro hac vice pending) MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ (pro hac vice pending) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP 1133 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036
IRA N. RICHARDS (PA Bar No. 501879) Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP 1600 Market St., Suite 3600 Philadelphia, PA 19103
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PLEASE TAKE NOTICE THAT Professors Caitlin Barry, Seth Davis, Annie Lai, Christopher Lasch, and the other legal scholars listed below in Appendix A move the Court for leave to file a brief amici curiae in the above-captioned cases in support of plaintiff’s motion for a preliminary injunction. Plaintiff consents to this motion and Defendant takes no position. The proposed brief is attached as Exhibit 1. The facts and law in support of the motion are more fully set forth in the accompanying Memorandum of Law.

Dated: October 19, 2017

Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Harry Sandick
HARRY SANDICK (pro hac vice pending) JAMISON DAVIES (pro hac vice pending) MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ (pro hac vice pending) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP 1133 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 hsandick@pbwt.com jmdavies@pbwt.com mschwartz@pbwt.com
/s/ Ira N. Richards
IRA N. RICHARDS (PA Bar No. 501879) Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP 1600 Market St., Suite 3600 Philadelphia, PA 19103 irchards@schnader.com

1
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APPENDIX A*
Muneer I. Ahmad Clinical Professor of Law and Deputy Dean for Experiential Education Yale Law School
Amna Akbar Assistant Professor of Law The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law
Deborah Anker Clinical Professor of Law Harvard Law School
Sabi Ardalan Assistant Clinical Professor Harvard Law School
Caitlin Barry Assistant Professor of Law Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law
Lenni Benson Professor of Law New York Law School
Jason Cade Associate Professor of Law University of Georgia Law School
Kristina M. Campbell Jack and Lovell Olender Professor of Law Co-Director, Immigration and Human Rights Clinic University of the District of Columbia David A. Clarke School of Law
Benjamin Casper Sanchez Director, James H. Binger Center for New Americans University of Minnesota Law School
R. Linus Chan Associate Clinical Professor of Law University of Minnesota Law School
* Amici curiae appear in their individual capacities; institutional affiliations are provided here for identification purposes only.
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 50 Filed 10/19/17 Page 4 of 9
Erwin Chemerinsky Dean and Jesse H. Choper Distinguished Professor of Law University of California, Berkeley School of Law
Holly S. Cooper Co-Director, Immigration Law Clinic University of California, Davis School of Law
Ericka Curran Immigration Clinic Faculty Florida coastal School of law
Seth Davis Assistant Professor of Law University of California, Irvine School of Law
Ingrid V. Eagly Professor of Law UCLA School of Law
Richard Frankel Associate Professor of Law Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law
César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández Associate Professor of Law University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Denise Gilman Clinical Professor Director, Immigration Clinic University of Texas School of Law
Joanne Gottesman Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Immigrant Justice Clinic Rutgers Law School
Dina Francesca Haynes Professor of Law New England Law
Laila L. Hlass Professor of Practice Tulane University School of Law
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Geoffrey A. Hoffman Director University of Houston Law Ctr. Immigration Clinic
Kari Hong Assistant Professor and Founder, Ninth Circuit Appellate Program Boston College Law School
Aziz Huq Frank and Bernice J. Greenberg Professor of Law University of Chicago Law School
Anil Kalhan Associate Professor of Law Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law
Ramzi Kassem Professor of Law CUNY School of Law
Elizabeth Keyes Associate Professor University of Baltimore School of Law
Jennifer Lee Koh Professor of Law Western State College of Law
Hiroko Kusuda Clinic Professor Loyola New Orleans College of Law
Annie Lai Assistant Clinical Professor of Law University of California, Irvine School of Law
Christopher N. Lasch Associate Professor of Law University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Jennifer J. Lee Assistant Clinical Professor of Law Temple University Beasley School of Law
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Peter L. Markowitz Professor of Law Kathryn O. Greenberg Immigration Justice Clinic, Director Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Toni M. Massaro Regent's Professor and Milton O. Riepe Chair in Constitutional Law University of Arizona James E Rogers College of Law
Elizabeth McCormick Associate Clinical Professor of Law University of Tulsa College of Law
Vanessa Merton Professor of Law Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University
Nancy Morawetz Professor of Clinical Law Co-Director, Immigrant Rights Clinic NYU School of Law
Hiroshi Motomura Susan Westerberg Prager Professor of Law School of Law University of California, Los Angeles
Karen Musalo Professor University of California, Hastings College of the Law
Nina Rabin Clinical Professor of Law Director, Bacon Immigration Law and Policy Program James E. Rogers College of Law, University of Arizona
Jaya Ramji-Nogales Professor Temple Law School
Andrea Ramos Clinical Professor of Law Director of Immigration Law Clinic Southwestern Law School
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Victor C. Romero Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Maureen B. Cavanaugh Distinguished Faculty Scholar & Professor of Law Penn State Law (University Park)
Carrie Rosenbaum Adjunct Professor Golden Gate University School of Law
Rachel E. Rosenbloom Professor of Law Co-Director, Immigrant Justice Clinic Northeastern University School of Law
Ragini N. Shah Clinical Professor of Law Suffolk University Law School
Rebecca Sharpless Clinical Professor Roger Schindler Fellow Director, Immigration Clinic University of Miami School of Law
Sarah Sherman-Stokes Associate Director, Immigrants' Rights and Human Trafficking Program Boston University School of Law
Dan R. Smulian Associate Professor of Clinical Law Brooklyn Law School
Ilya Somin Professor of Law George Mason University, Antonin Scalia Law School
Juliet P. Stumpf Robert E. Jones Professor of Advocacy and Ethics Lewis & Clark Law School
David B. Thronson Professor of Law Michigan State University College of Law
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Philip L. Torrey Managing Attorney Harvard Immigration and Refugee Clinical Program Harvard Law School
Laurence H. Tribe Carl M. Loeb University Professor and Professor of Constitutional Law Harvard Law School
Enid Trucios-Haynes Professor of Law Brandeis School of Law
Yolanda Vázquez Associate Professor of Law University of Cincinnati College of Law
Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia Samuel Weiss Faculty Scholar Director, Center for Immigrants’ Rights Clinic Penn State Law- University Park
Jonathan Weinberg Professor of Law Wayne State University
Virgil Wiebe Professor of Law Robins Kaplan Director of Clinical Education Co-Director, Interprofessional Center University of St. Thomas (MN)
Michael J. Wishnie William O. Douglas Clinical Professor of Law Yale Law School
Stephen Wizner William O. Douglas Clinical Professor Emeritus Yale Law School
Stephen W. Yale-Loehr Professor of Immigration Law Practice Cornell Law School
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 50 Filed 10/19/17 Page 9 of 9 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on October 19, 2017, I electronically filed the foregoing Motion of Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, and Immigration Law Scholars for Leave to File an Amici Curiae Brief in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction using the CM/ECF system, which will send notification of such filing to all parties of record.
/s/ Ira N. Richards Attorney for Amici Curiae
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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 61-1 Filed 10/27/17 Page 1 of 4

CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

LAW DEPARTMENT One Parkway 1515 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19102-1595

SOZI PEDRO TULANTE City Solicitor (2 15) 683-5003 {Tel) (215) 683-5069 (Fax)
October 27,20 17

VIA ELECTRONIC AND U.S. MAIL Alan Hanson Acting Assistant Attorney General Office of Justice Programs United States Department of Justice 81 0 Seventh Street, N. W. Washington, D.C. 2053 1
Dear Acting Assistant Attorney General Hanson,
The City of Philadelphia ("the City") submits this letter in response to the letter of October 11 , 20 17 from the United States Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs, providing its "preliminary assessment" of the City's compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. In that letter, the Department conveyed that it has determined that the City "appears to have laws, policies, or practices that violate 8 U.S.C. § 1373 ." It cited two of the City's policies in that regard. In addition, the Department stated that it found that three other aspects of the City's laws, policies and practices "may violate 8 U.S.C. § 1373," depending on how Philadelphia interprets and effectuates those provisions. As set forth below, the City disputes the Department's findings, and it submits the fo llowing points for the Department's consideration. 1
The Department's Determination that Two of Philadelphia's Policies "Violate" Section 1373
The Department preliminarily concluded that two provisions in the City's "laws, policies or practices" in fact "violate" Section 1373 . First, the Department found that Section 1 of Executive Order No. 5-16, which sets forth the City's policies on complying with ICE requests for advance notification of release, is inconsistent with Section 1373 . Letter, at 1. Second, the Department found that Section 3C of Police Memorandum No. 01-06, which states that
1 Philadelphia's submission of this letter in no way constitutes a waiver or relinquishment of its argument that the Attorney General's imposition of the new condition- requiring the City to certify compliance with Section 1373 in order to receive its FY2016 JAG grant-was itself unlawful. Philadelphia continues to reserve that argument. See June 22, 2017 Certification, at 13-1 5 ("Although Philadelphia submits the present certification in good faith, it reserves the argument that this certification requirement itself . . . constitutes unlawful agency action[.]").

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Alan Hanson Acting Assistant Attorney General
2IPage

October 27, 2017

"immigrants who are victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted," violates Section 1373 because there are "instances" where a victim may be "both a perpetrator and a victim." !d. at 1-2.

As set forth in greater detail in the City's recently-filed reply brief in City ofPhiladelphia v. Sessions, the City contests the Department's preliminary assessment. See Reply in Supp. of Mot. for Prelim. Inj., at 12-13, City ofPhiladelphia v. Sessions, No. 17-3894 (E.D. Pa. Oct. 19, 2017) (Dkt. No. 46) (hereinafter "Philadelphia Reply Br."). Neither determination has any basis in fact or in law. The City's notification policy-which the Department points out only allows for advance notice of a person's "pending release" from City custody if an ICE "detainer is supported by a judicial warrant"-has no relationship to Section 1373 whatsoever. Section 1373 does not cover the exchange of information about a person's detention, release, or physical location-it covers what its text describes, which is "information regarding the citizenship or immigration status ... of any individual." 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a). Although the Department now takes an astonishingly expansive reading of Section 1373, claiming that it includes information regarding whether an alien is "in a certain place and not elsewhere," see Opp. to Mot. for Prelim. Inj., at 38 n. 11, City ofPhiladelphia v. Sessions (Dkt. No. 28), the City maintains that such a reading finds
no support in the statute's plain text.

The Department's second ground for finding that Philadelphia's policies and practices do not comply with Section 1373 is equally without support in the law. The Department said that it is concerned that the protection afforded to crime victims in Section 3C of Memorandum 01-06, while not necessarily problematic in and of itself, could trigger concerns with the City's compliance with Section 1373 because some victims might also be "perpetrator[s]." Letter, at 12. The Department's concern is unfounded. Section 3A of Memorandum 06-0 I instructs, in indubitably clear terms, that "police personnel will transmit" immigration-status information "to federal immigration authorities" when "[t]he immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity." Section 3C of Memorandum 06-01 directs that City officers shall continue to follow ordinary law enforcement protocols, including cooperating with federal authorities, "in investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities." The notion that Memorandum 01-06 affords protection to "perpetrators" of crimes is therefore false. When a person is a criminal suspect-even if he or she may be a victim in the same matter or in a separate matter-Philadelphia's policies call for the unfettered exchange of information about that individual with the federal government.

The Department's Determination That Tlu·ee of Philadelphia's Policies "May Violate" Section 1373

The Department's letter cited three additional provisions in the City's laws, policies and practices that it found "may violate 8 U.S.C. § 1373," and invited the City to respond. Specifically, the Department requested that the City "certify that it interprets and applies" each of the three

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Alan Hanson Acting Assistant Attorney General
3IPage

October 27, 2017

provisions "to not restrict Philadelphia officers" from either "requesting" or "sharing" information regarding immigration status with "federal immigration officers," and that the City provide such ce1iification to the Department by October 27. Letter, at 2-3.

The Department's "may violate" findings are each flawed either as a factual matter, as a legal matter, or both.

The first provision that the Department said "may violate" Section 1373 is Section 2B of Executive Order 8-09, which instructs that Philadelphia police officers "shall not ... inquire about a person's immigration status" unless certain exceptions apply. Letter, at 2. The Department expressed concern that this provision "bar[s] Philadelphia officers from requesting information regarding immigration status from federal immigration officers," and thereby conflicts with Section 1373(b). Id. The City hereby ce1iifies that Section 2 of Executive Order 8-09 does not regulate-or impose limits upon-inquiries made by City officers or employees of federal officials about immigration or citizenship status. Rather, Section 2 restricts such inquiries when made of private individuals. This reading is clear from the Order's "whereas" clauses, which demonstrate that the purpose of the Order is to promote the "utilization of [City] services by all City residents and visitors ... including immigrants," and to enable "all individuals ... [to] know that they may seek and obtain the assistance of City departments and agencies regardless of their personal status."2

The second and third provisions of the City's policies that the Department said "may violate" Section 1373 are Section 3 of Executive Order 8-09, and Section 3A of Memorandum 0106, both ofwhich provide that Philadelphia officers and employees shall not "disclose" or transmit immigration status information to third parties, except for in select circumstances. Letter, at 2-3. The Department related that "[i]n order to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the Department has determined that Philadelphia would need to certifY that it interprets and applies [each provision] to not restrict Philadelphia officers [and employees] from sharing information regarding immigration status with federal immigration officers." !d. Philadelphia has described its interpretation and application of its policies, and their relationship to Section 1373, in its June 22,

2 In addition, Section 2 contains explicit exemptions for inquiries made by City officers or employees "for the determination of program, service or benefit eligibility or the provision of services," and for criminal investigations where immigration "status itself is a necessary predicate of [the] crime" or where "status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing [the] crime." Executive Order 8-09, §§ 2(A)(l), B(2). Given that Section 2 does not apply to inquiries made of federal officials altogether, inquiries made of federal officials in the above circumstances are doubly-permitted by the policy-and Philadelphia employees and officers generally would have no reason to request immigration status information in any other context. The City is prepared, however, to notifY its Police officers that the Order does not restrict them from inquiring about immigration-related information from the federal government.

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Alan Hanson Acting Assistant Attorney General 4 1Page

October 27, 2017

2017 certification memorandum. As explained therein, both Executive Order 8-09 and Memorandum 01-06 provide several exceptions for disclosures of immigration-status information- most important, if the individual has authorized the disclosure in writing, or if the individual is suspected of engaging in a criminal act. Those exceptions bring the City's nondisclosure rules safely within the bounds of Section 1373. The City maintains that when read in light of the Constitution's Tenth Amendment, federalism-based limitations, and Spending Clause, Section 1373 cannot be interpreted to demand more from Philadelphia beyond what it already discloses, especially when imposed as a condition of a Byrne JAG grant. See June 22, 2017 Certification at 6-12; see also Philadelphia Reply Br. at 13-15.

The above questions oflaw and fact concerning the City's compliance with Section 1373and more significantly, questions concerning the Department' s authority to impose the condition of compliance with Section 1373 in connection with Byrne JAG grants in the first place-will continue to be litigated in the City ofPhiladelphia v. Sessions lawsuit. The City therefore requests that the Department not withhold its FY 2017 JAG award on the basis of non-compliance with Section 1373 until the many issues in that lawsuit are resolved. The City also reserves the right to submit additional certifications or responses to the Department, as may be necessary or appropriate, following the resolution of that litigation (and any appeals) and based on the final judgments of the courts.

Sincerely,
~ · e~L- tv-
Sozi Pedro Tulante City Solicitor

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 65 Filed 11/01/17 Page 1 of 13
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY of PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

PLAINTIFF’S PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 65 Filed 11/01/17 Page 2 of 13
Pursuant to the Court’s October 26, 2017 Order (Dkt. 60), Plaintiff City of Philadelphia (“the City” or “Philadelphia”), by and through its counsel, respectfully submits the following Proposed Findings of Fact regarding the Section 1373 condition. A. Philadelphia’s Policies Permit the Disclosure of Immigration-Status Information for
Criminals and Criminal Suspects, but Not Law-Abiding Individuals. 1. Sixteen years ago, on May 17, 2001, Philadelphia Police Commissioner John F. Timoney signed Memorandum 01-06, entitled “Departmental Policy Regarding Immigrants” (“Memorandum 01-06”). Ex. P-1.1 Police memoranda are intended “to guide the actions” and “the manner in which [officers] . . . conduct [them]selves in the department.” Tr. at 23:8-9 (Ross). 2 All sworn officers are trained on Memorandum 01-06, most commonly by receiving a physical copy of the policy from their local district and signing it. Id. at 23:14-15 (Ross). 2. Memorandum 01-06 seeks to “encourage” all immigrants to use “City services without fear of any reprisals.” Ex. P-1, ¶ II(B). It also aims for “all of [the City’s] population,” including immigrants, “to understand” that the Philadelphia Police Department (“PPD”) is “there to protect and serve them” and to “feel totally comfortable coming forth with whatever information they” have about crimes they have witnessed or experienced as victims. Tr. at 24:18-22 (Ross). 3. To achieve these objectives, Memorandum 01-06 instructs sworn officers to “preserve the confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to the maximum extent permitted by law.” Ex. P-1, ¶ II(B); accord id. ¶ III(A) (directing that officers shall “safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant”). However, Memorandum 01-06 provides several exceptions to its non-disclosure directive. Specifically, “police personnel will
1 References to “Ex. P-[]” are to the exhibits presented by Plaintiff City of Philadelphia at the October 26, 2017 evidentiary hearing. 2 References to “Tr.” are to an expedited transcript of the October 26, 2017 evidentiary hearing attached hereto.
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transmit such information [regarding immigration status] to federal immigration authorities” when” doing so is (1) “[r]equired by law,” (2) “[t]he immigrant requests, in writing, information be provided, to verify his or her immigration status,” or (3) “[t]he immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, including attempts to obtain public assistance benefits through the use of fraudulent documents.” Id. ¶ III(A).
4. Memorandum 01-06 further demands that “[s]worn members of the Police Department who obtain information on immigrants suspected of criminal activity will comply with normal crime reporting and investigating procedures” and that “[t]he Philadelphia Police Department will continue to cooperate with federal authorities in investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities.” Id. ¶¶ III(B) & III(C).
5. Memorandum 01-06 provides for these disclosure exceptions because Philadelphia has no interest in “trying to harbor criminals” that are “committing crimes and wreaking havoc on our streets.” Tr. at 25:3-4 (Ross). The Department’s policy makes an important “distinction . . . between victims and witnesses, as opposed to criminal violators.” Id. at 25: 22-24 (Ross).
6. The practices of the Philadelphia Police Department pertaining to disclosure of immigration-status information follow the text of its policy: If an individual is suspected of criminal behavior or is being investigated for criminal activity, the Department will share information pertaining to that individual’s immigration status, to the extent the Department possesses it, with the federal government in the normal course of police practice. Tr. at 30:4-10 (Ross). That includes individuals who are suspected of federal crimes, or who are the subjects of federal criminal investigations. Id. at 33:17-18 (Ross), 118:8-10 (Abernathy). Relatedly, the routine arrest procedures and prosecution of an undocumented immigrant are no different from that of person with legal immigration status. Id. at 30:4-10 (Ross), 118:24-119:13 (Abernathy).
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7. In the almost two decades Memorandum 01-06 has been in place, the PPD has never had an issue with the federal government about its disclosure provisions. Id. at 26:20-24 (Ross).
8. While Memorandum 01-06 makes clear that “immigrants who are victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner,” Ex. P-1, ¶ III(C), if a victim is suspected of criminality, he or she would be treated as a suspect under Memorandum 01-06 ¶¶ III(B)-(C) and his or her information would be shared. Tr. at 58:4-59:18 (Ross).
9. Eight years ago, on November 10, 2009, Mayor Michael A. Nutter signed Executive Order No. 8-09, entitled Policy Concerning Access of Immigrants to City Services (“Confidentiality Order”). Ex. P-2. The Confidentiality Order contains similar non-disclosure rules as to those within Memorandum 01-06. Specifically, the Confidentiality Order instructs that City officers and employees “shall not disclose confidential information” regarding immigration status, except where the subject has authorized the disclosure, where disclosure is required by law, or where “the individual to whom such information pertains is suspected . . . of engaging in criminal activity.” Id. § 3(A)-(B).
10. Like Memorandum 01-06, the Confidentiality Order makes an exception for the disclosure of immigration-status information in the case of criminal suspects because the City believes that when “someone is engaging in criminal activity, then that changes the game.” Tr. at 29:22-23 (Ross). The City has “no interest in withholding . . . information from any federal authorities” when it comes to people who pose law enforcement threats. Id. at 29:21-24 (Ross).
11. The Confidentiality Order also contains directives for City officers and employees regarding inquiries about immigration status. For police officers, the Confidentiality Order instructs that officers “shall not . . . inquire about a person’s immigration status, unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant
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to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime (other than mere status as an undocumented alien).” Id. § 2(B)(2). Further, police officers should not inquire about the immigration status of “crime victims, witnesses, or others who call or approach the police seeking help,” period. Id. § 2(B)(3). For other City employees, the Confidentiality Order directs that they shall not “inquire about a person’s immigration status,” unless “immigration status is legally required for the determination of program, service or benefit eligibility” or unless the inquiry is “required by law.” Id. § 2(A).
12. The Confidentiality Order’s provisions on non-collection are widely followed by Philadelphia police officers. Tr. at 31:21-32:13 (Ross) (“the policy . . . about not asking [about] status” is “solid with us”), 67:8-68:19 (Ross) (similar), 110: 21-24 (Abernathy) (“[A]s recently as last month at roll call, officers were reminded not to ask for documentation status.”). These provisions are also followed by City employees in other departments. Tr. at 108:1-9 (Abernathy), 165:8-20 (Gladstein). Because City officers and employees rarely ask individuals for immigration status information, the City is rarely in possession of such information to share.
13. The City’s policies on not collecting and not disclosing immigration-status information—in the cases of law-abiding individuals who pose no criminal or law enforcement threat—are critical to fostering trust with the City’s immigrant community. The Police Department believes that it would not be able to “effectively carry out [its] mission” if it “ha[d] a population who [was] concerned about their status being revealed” and therefore was too afraid to cooperate with the police. Tr. at 28:21-23 (Ross).
14. At the same time, the Confidentiality Order does not prohibit City employees from requesting immigration status information from the federal government. Tr. at 85:9-19 (Abernathy), 145:19-21 (Farley), 160:7-16 (Gladstein); accord Dkt. 61-1, at 3. However, there
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would be little reason for City officials to collect that information, id. at 113: 17-19 (Abernathy), as the City does not require the disclosure of an individual’s immigration status to enjoy City benefits, id. at 85:9-19 (Abernathy), 145:22-146:5 (Farley). It is also not the City’s mission or responsibility to enforce the federal civil immigration laws. Id. at 19:2-9 (Ross).
15. “Confidential information” is defined in the Confidentiality Order as “any information obtained and maintained by the City agency related to an individual’s immigration status.” Ex. P-2, ¶ 3(A); see also Tr. 29:7-11 (Ross). “Confidential information” therefore does not include information related to a person’s address or general whereabouts. Tr. at 122:7-15 (Abernathy).
16. On January 4, 2016, Mayor Jim Kenney signed Executive Order 5-16, titled “Policy Regarding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency Detainer Requests.” Ex. P-4 (“Detainer Order II”). Detainer Order II provides that, for people in the “custody of the City,” no “notice of his or her pending release [shall] be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” Ex. P-4. In a March 22, 2017 memorandum sent from First Deputy Managing Director Brian Abernathy to the Philadelphia Prisons Commissioner, Mr. Abernathy clarified that Detainer Order II did not intend to—and so does not—alter the City’s past practice of complying with any criminal judicial warrant presented. Ex. P-5; Tr. at 120:6121:12 (Abernathy). If ICE sends a notification request supported by a judicial criminal warrant of any type, the City will provide advance notification of release.
17. Detainer requests are generally sent to the Philadelphia Department of Prisons, not to police precincts, because the police generally hold suspects for a very limited amount of time before they are transferred to a Philadelphia prison. Tr. at 96:2-16 (Abernathy). ICE notification requests do not ask for immigration status information. Id. at 121:11-19; Ex. P-6.
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B. Philadelphia’s Practices Promote Cooperative Law Enforcement. 18. As a part of routine police practice, the City regularly shares information about criminal
suspects with the federal government through the use of three databases: (1) the National Criminal Information Center (“NCIC”) database, managed by the FBI; (2) the Preliminary Arraignment System (“PARS”) database, managed by the First Judicial District, the District Attorney’s Office, and the PPD; and (3) the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”), managed by the FBI. Tr. at 81:5-84:15 (Abernathy); Dkt. 1-14, at 8-9.
19. Philadelphia police officers use the NCIC database in their regular day-to-day criminal law enforcement activities. PPD officers are trained to run an NCIC “look-up” for all individuals subjected to investigative detention by the police, to determine if they are subject to an outstanding warrant. If the officer is able to collect the person’s date of birth and license plate information, NCIC protocols mandate that that information to be entered into NCIC. Tr. at 84:515 (Abernathy); Dkt. 1-14, at 8-9. ICE conceivably has access to NCIC and the independent ability to determine whether people of interest were detained in Philadelphia. Dkt. 1-14, at 7-8.
20. PARS allows for the real-time sharing of information amongst Philadelphia’s primary criminal justice agencies. After a police officer enters an individual’s information into PARS at the time of arrest, that information is automatically shared with the First Judicial District and the District Attorney’s Office, in addition to federal agencies like ICE, which pays for access to PARS under a licensing fee Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”). The MOU with ICE excludes the sharing of information on victims and witnesses. Tr. at 81:5-82:24 (Abernathy).
21. At the time of a suspect’s arrest, his or her fingerprints are inputted into Philadelphia’s AFIS platform. AFIS feeds automatically into Pennsylvania’s identification bureau and then to the FBI. Tr. at 35: 6-8 (Ross). The FBI in turn runs Philadelphia’s AFIS fingerprints against the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”)—a national fingerprint and
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criminal history system maintained by the FBI—and the Automated Biometric Identification System (“IDENT”)—a DHS-wide system for storing and processing biometric data for national security and border management purposes. Tr. at 82:25-84:5 (Abernathy); Dkt. 1-14, at 8-9.
22. ICE relies upon the information shared in these databases as the primary source of data to assist it in enforcing federal immigration law. Tr. at 83:16-84:4 (Abernathy).3
23. The City also cooperates and has “tremendous relationship[s]” with its federal law enforcement partners at the FBI, ATF, DEA, and ICE, including by serving on joint task-forces with them. Id. at 30:11-17, 42:24-44:15 (Ross). C. The City’s Confidentiality Policies Promote Public Safety.
24. The PPD practices “smart policing” and “community policing” strategies that rely upon building strong community relationships. Tr. at 14:15-13 (Ross). PPD officers cannot be on every street corner; they must rely on residents to be the PPD’s “eyes” and “ears” in detecting crimes. Id. at 14:1-14, 15:5-16:25 (Ross). “[M]ost . . . crimes are solved by an individual calling someone.” Id. at 41:16 (Ross). The Department has worked hard over the years to “establish these relationships” of trust with communities across the City, including immigrant communities. Id. at 36:18 (Ross). But trust is a “neighborhood by neighborhood thing,” and the Department often “struggles mightily” to win it. Id. at 36:17 (Ross). “Losing that trust once you . . . have it, almost makes your challenges insurmountable.” Id. at 45:34-24 (Ross).
25. A key component of effective police work is also crime pattern analysis. Id. at 37:1-38:1 (Ross). Crime pattern analysis, too, depends on strong police-community trust. If victims or witnesses were to avoid reporting crimes—for example, were to withhold reports of a repeat 3 See also U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement, Declined Detainer Outcome Report FAQ’s: How is an individual placed under a detainer?, https://goo.gl/oUsD3T (last visited Oct. 31, 2017 9:10 PM EDT) (“When an individual is booked into custody by a law enforcement agency, his or her biometric data is automatically routed through federal databases to the FBI. The FBI shares this information with ICE.”).
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burglar operating in the same neighborhood—out of fear that they would be required to reveal their immigration status, the PPD’s efforts to “identify [crime] patterns” would be severely impeded. Id. at 37:1-38:1, 40:1-9 (Ross). Philadelphia’s social and legal services organizations convey that their clients have either not reported crimes or have been discouraged by friends or family from doing so, for fear that “immigration agents [would be] wait[ing ] outside the courtroom.” Dkt. 49, at 5 (Am. Br. of Philadelphia Social and Legal Services Organizations).
26. Some crimes, such as domestic violence and sexual assault, are also “very difficult to detect” unless the victim or another knowledgeable person informs the police. Tr. at 39:10-24 (Ross). Providing a promise of confidentiality to the victim is critical. Id. at 39:10-18 (Ross).
27. Mandating immigration status disclosure would have a “daunting” impact on the PPD’s use of informants, id. at 38:2-39:9 (Ross), and would “severely inhibit [the PPD’s] ability to gain information, intel, and things that keep the city safer.” id. at 36: 21-23 (Ross). The City “absolutely need[s] this [willingness to work with the police] from people across the city . . . irrespective of their immigrant status.” Id. at 36: 23 (Ross).
28. There is no “data” suggesting any link between “immigrants and crime” in Philadelphia; to the contrary, when it comes to crime statistics overall, the Department is most “concerned” with “people who were born and raised in Philadelphia.” Id. at 41:22-42:23 (Ross).4
29. The PPD “is “not in the immigration business” and believes that serving as an arm of ICE would “detract[] from [its] mission.” Id. at 19:2-9 (Ross). The Department also believes that being forced to alter its confidentiality policies would “jeopardize” the “trust” that the PPD has built in immigrant communities, and undermine its ability to maintain public safety. Id. at 45:11-
4 Nationally in 2015, roughly 820,000 of the 11 million undocumented people in the United States (7.5%) had criminal convictions. See Migration Policy Inst., Unauthorized Immigrants With Criminal Convictions: Who Might be a Priority for Removal? (2016), goo.gl/p1ucC8.
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46:6 (Ross); see also Am. Br. of Phila. Social & Legal Orgs., at 8-9 (“[A] change would substantially undermine Amici’s ability to encourage crime victims to cooperate with city police, prosecutors, and employees in the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of crime.”).
30. In large part because of the PPD’s investment in community policing and smart policing, and the relationships the PPD has built with the immigrant community, Philadelphia has witnessed the lowest crime rate in four decades. Tr. at 40:10-18 (Ross). Since the enactment of the City’s Confidentiality Order in 2009, crime has decreased by over 17 percent, including a 20 percent decrease in violent crime. Ex. P-3, at 2. D. The City’s Confidentiality Policies Promote the Wellbeing of all City Residents.
31. Philadelphia’s confidentiality policies also promote public health by encouraging broadbased use of vital City services. Immigrants are using the City’s health and human services agencies “when they need them,” “in large part because of the City’s confidentiality policies.” Ex. P-9, ¶ 8; see also Am. Br. of Phila. Social & Legal Orgs., at 13 (“Because of the City’s policies, CLS advocates have had success referring clients to City health clinics for primary health care services, thereby preventing otherwise minor health concerns from spiraling into more serious health concerns that require specialized medical care.”).
32. The City’s health clinics serve approximately 80,000 patients, resulting in around 320,000 total visits, each year. Tr. at 147:24-148:1 (Farley). A “large number” of the City’s patients are immigrants. Id. at 147:12-15 (Farley). Immigrants and their families receive services from City clinics including vaccinations, basic primary care, and prenatal care. Id. at 147:16-12 (Farley), 149:4-11 (Farley). The City believes it is important that all City residents have access to healthcare—particularly primary and preventative care—because “[d]iseases don’t respect borders” and can easily spread once present. Id. at 144:23-145:2 (Farley).
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33. The Philadelphia Department of Public Health believes that protecting confidential information “communicates to immigrants” that they need not “fear” adverse immigration consequences from receiving public health services. Id. at 146:6-12 (Farley). That promotes use of the City’s health services by the immigrant population. Id. at 144:23-145:2 (Farley).
34. If the City were forced to disclose confidential immigration status information to federal authorities for individuals seeking City services, the Department of Public Health would be “very concerned” that the City’s immigrant population would be too “afraid to receive those preventive services.” Id. at 146:16-147:8 (Farley). Such a policy would threaten “control of infectious diseases,” such as tuberculosis. Id. at 146:16-147:8 (Farley); see also ex. P-9, ¶9. Two-thirds of the 75 active tuberculosis patients in Philadelphia each year are foreign born, id. at 149:19150:10 (Farley), and the treatment involves “directly observed therapy,” which can require home visits. Without a “relationship of trust” with patients, id. at 150:11-151:8 (Farley), patients may not seek the treatment they need, threatening the further spread of the disease across the City.
35. The threat of the disclosure of confidential information would also undermine use of other critical City services. Id. ¶¶ 6, 8, 10. For instance, the City provides mental health and addiction services to some of its most vulnerable residents. Tr. at 161:8-16 (Gladstein). Because services like these are often “stigmatized,” the City’s confidentiality policy plays an important role in “removing [] barriers” to access. Id. at 161:17-25 (Gladstein). Requiring disclosure of immigration status would also have a “chilling effect” on the City’s child-welfare services, because it would undermine the trust that City officials require to investigate reports of child abuse. Id. at 162:4-21 (Gladstein).
36. Forsaking the “vitality and safety” of the City by prioritizing federal immigration enforcement over City harmony would place the City “in peril.” Tr. at 16:15 (Ross).
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DATED: November 1, 2017

Respectfully submitted,

SOZI PEDRO TULANTE, I.D. NO. 202579 City Solicitor MARCEL S. PRATT, I.D. NO. 307483 Chair, Litigation Group LEWIS ROSMAN, I.D. NO. 72033 Senior Attorney CITY OF PHILADELPHIA LAW DEPARTMENT 1515 Arch Street, 17th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19102

VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 SARA ARONCHICK SOLOW, I.D. NO. 311081 JASMEET K. AHUJA, I.D. NO. 322093 ALEXANDER B. BOWERMAN, I.D. NO. 321990 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

ROBERT C. HEIM, I.D. NO. 15758

NEAL K. KATYAL (pro hac vice)

JUDY L. LEONE, I.D. NO. 041165

DANIEL J.T. SCHUKER (pro hac vice)

FRIEDRICH-WILHELM W. SACHSE, I.D. NO. 84097 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP

DECHERT LLP

555 Thirteenth Street, NW

Cira Centre

Washington, DC 20004

2929 Arch Street

Philadelphia, PA 19104

(215) 994-4000

Attorneys for the City of Philadelphia

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on November 1, 2017, the foregoing document was served electronically by the Court’s CM/ECF system on all counsel of record in this case.

November 1, 2017

VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 70 Filed 11/09/17 Page 1 of 9

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,

Plaintiff,

v.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

JEFF SESSIONS, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,

Defendant.

DEFENDANT’S SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF IN OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

DATED: November 9, 2017

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN Acting United States Attorney
JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director
ARJUN GARG Trial Attorney U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530 Phone: (202) 305-8613 Fax: (202) 616-8470 E-Mail: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov
Counsel for Defendant

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Pursuant to the Court’s invitation at the November 2, 2017 hearing on the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction, Defendant respectfully submits this supplemental brief. As explained below, the City’s assertion that the City cooperates with federal immigration authorities in some instances does not amount to “substantial compliance” with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, which prohibits the City from restricting inter-governmental sharing of information regarding immigration status.
Certain cooperative efforts, in other words, do not excuse plain violations in other contexts.
Additionally, this brief below discusses Virginia Department of Education v. Riley, 106 F.3d 559 (4th Cir. 1997) (en banc), and Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012), as directed in the Court’s November 2 correspondence to counsel. A. A Principle of Substantial Compliance Does Not Immunize the City’s Demonstrated
Non-Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 As the Court is aware, Section 1373 states that a local government cannot “prohibit, or in any way restrict,” local officials from communicating with federal immigration authorities about “information regarding . . . immigration status.” The statute does not require a locality’s affirmative efforts to share information, nor does it require local officials to engage in unconstitutional conduct. That “the City regularly shares information about criminal suspects with the federal government through the use of three databases,” Pl.’s Proposed Findings of Fact ¶ 18 (Dkt. No. 65), reflects the City’s willingness, in certain instances, to go beyond the requirements of Section 1373. But it does not reflect the City’s consistent adherence with the core requirement of Section 1373, and indeed the City falls short in at least two instances. First, the City does not assert in its proposed findings of fact that the information about criminal suspects that the City shares through databases includes such information as the City possesses on the immigration status of such individuals, even though the City acknowledges that under a state regulation the City’s prison system has to ask about immigration status upon
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admittance. See Def.’s Proposed Findings of Fact ¶ 10 (Dkt. No. 64). Rather, according to a City official overseeing City police and prisons, it would violate the City’s Executive Order No. 8-09 for a City employee to disclose information regarding immigration status to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”). See id. ¶ 25. That official testified in particular that the City’s prisons do ask for immigration status information, but as a matter of policy do not communicate it to ICE. 10/26/17 Hr’g Tr. at 111:5-18. This prohibition substantially violates Section 1373.
Second, the City does not assert in its proposed findings of fact that the information the City shares through databases includes such information as the City possesses on the release date of detained aliens, which is an aspect of “information regarding . . . immigration status.” See Def.’s Opp’n to Mot. for Prelim. Inj. (“PI Opp’n”) at 38 n.11 (Dkt. No. 28). Rather, under the City’s Executive Order No. 5-16, the City will provide ICE with notice of an alien’s pending release only where ICE’s request is supported by a judicial warrant. See Def.’s Proposed Findings of Fact ¶¶ 11, 15. This is so even though the City knows that an immigration detainer, which includes a request for notification before an alien is released from custody, is often issued pursuant to an administrative warrant rather than a judicial warrant. See id. ¶¶ 13-14. There is no Fourth Amendment or Tenth Amendment rationale that necessitates forcing ICE to go through the exercise of obtaining a judicial warrant before a City employee is permitted to provide information, upon ICE’s request, about the City’s pending release of a particular alien. And it is of no consequence that for some portion of its detainees the City may not know a release date; what matters is that a sizable portion of detainees do have a known release date and that for all detainees the City has “in any way restrict[ed]” the sharing of custody release information by imposing a prerequisite that ICE must obtain a judicial warrant. This restriction substantially violates Section 1373.
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These examples demonstrate that the cooperation the City says it provides does not satisfy a standard of “substantial compliance” that the Court may be contemplating to read into Section 1373. Notably, both examples pertain to City prisoners, and thus are not aimed at information regarding the immigration status of victims of crime, witnesses to crime, or people utilizing City services—classes of people about whom the City has expressed reluctance to make disclosures. See Pl.’s Reply at 14-15 (Dkt No. 46). Nor are these examples the sort of “minor missteps,” 11/2/17 Hr’g Tr. at 80:22-23, that a lens of substantial compliance might suggest should be considered immaterial. Rather, the City’s mandates of non-cooperation can mean that aliens convicted of violent crimes are released back into the community rather than into ICE custody to face removal proceedings, even though the City’s Police Commissioner repeatedly disclaimed any interest in harboring criminals. See 10/26/17 Hr’g Tr. at 20:9-10, 25:4-6, 25:25-26:1. B. Virginia Department of Education v. Riley
The Riley litigation confirms that grant conditions can be enforceable where a grantee has notice of the conditions before agreeing to accept the related federal grant. Riley held that the U.S. Department of Education could not condition federal funding to Virginia under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”) on a requirement that Virginia provide free educational services to disabled students who are expelled or suspended long-term due to serious misconduct wholly unrelated their disabilities. See 106 F.3d at 561. According to the Fourth Circuit, Congress in the IDEA statute did not clearly and unambiguously condition states’ receipt of federal funds on such a requirement. See id.
With respect to the notice requirement, the City’s case presents a fundamentally different posture than Riley. Here, the City has not yet received (much less accepted) an FY 2017 Byrne JAG award. With respect to requirements of the Section 1373 compliance condition that the Department of Justice has articulated in this litigation and in correspondence to the City from the
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Department’s Office of Justice Programs, the City has no plausible claim that its acceptance of an FY 2017 award would come without the City’s awareness of what the Department has stated it expects. See 11/2/17 Hr’g Tr. at 51:6-25. To that extent, at a minimum, the constitutional requirement of notice presents no barrier to enforcement of the condition for an FY 2017 award.
In Riley, by contrast, the notice requirement was a greater barrier because the challenged condition was imposed mid-stream. The U.S. Department of Education had already in October 1992 conditionally approved Virginia’s IDEA plan for fiscal years 1993-1995, under a statutory requirement that Virginia submit a three-year plan, and Virginia had already received funding for fiscal year 1993. See 106 F.3d at 560; see also Va. Dep’t of Educ. v. Riley, 23 F.3d 80, 82 (4th Cir. 1994). Only later, in December 1993, did the U.S. Department of Education attempt to enforce the condition concerning provision of educational services to disabled students who have been disciplined for behavior unrelated to their disabilities. See id. at 83. That circumstance resulted in the Fourth Circuit’s observation that “agencies of the federal government cannot be permitted freely to change funding conditions right in the middle of a multi-year grant period.” Id. at 85.
This concern about “mid-grant shifts,” id., does not apply here, where the City is receiving clear and unambiguous guidance before an FY 2017 grant has been made. Cf. Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 584 (2012) (noting that “Congress’ power to legislate under the spending power . . . does not include surprising participating States with post-acceptance or retroactive conditions” (citation omitted)); Williams v. Bitner, 285 F. Supp. 2d 593, 602 (M.D. Pa. 2003) (distinguishing the imposition of “conditions retroactively” from a purpose to “remove entitlement only prospectively if a state decides to avoid” adhering to a condition).
Separately, this Court would err if it were to follow the suggestion in Riley that a problem of unconstitutional coercion under the Spending Clause, or a Tenth Amendment concern, arose when the U.S. Department of Education alleged non-compliance that affected 126 out of 128,000
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disabled students for whom the federal funds were earmarked, and sought as a consequence to withhold all of Virginia’s $60 million in IDEA funding, rather than a pro rata amount. See 106 F.3d at 569-70. As an initial point, the Fourth Circuit itself recognizes that this line of reasoning was dictum that did not garner a majority of that court. See W. Virginia v. U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 289 F.3d 281, 291 (4th Cir. 2002). More importantly, the Third Circuit has held, by contrast, that no unconstitutional coercion arose where Pennsylvania retained a choice of “declining all federal funds to the Department of Corrections” notwithstanding that it “would doubtless result in some fiscal hardship.” Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 174 (3d Cir. 2002); see also Nat’l Collegiate Athletic Ass’n v. Governor of New Jersey, 730 F.3d 208, 233 (3d Cir. 2013) (stating that “a hard or tempting choice does not mean that” recipients of federal funding “were given no choice at all, or that the choices are otherwise unconstitutional”).
The City, for its part, thus has not meaningfully contended here that the challenged Byrne JAG conditions, concerning a $1.6 million grant as compared to the City’s budget of well over $4 billion, are unconstitutionally coercive under the Spending Clause. Moreover, there is no Tenth Amendment problem posed here, as a condition imposed “pursuant to the Spending Clause does not violate the Tenth Amendment because states may choose whether to accept the conditions concomitant with acceptance of federal funds.” Williams, 285 F. Supp. 2d at 601 (citing S. Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 210-11 (1987)); see also PI Opp’n at 41-42. C. Arizona v. United States
In opposing a preliminary injunction, Defendant quoted Arizona for the principle that “[t]he Government of the United States has broad, undoubted power over the subject of immigration and the status of aliens.” Id. at 4, 42 (quoting Arizona, 567 U.S. at 394). Defendant also relied upon Arizona in support of propositions that the Immigration and Nationality Act “accords the Executive Branch considerable discretion to direct enforcement pursuant to federal policy objectives,” PI
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Opp’n at 5 (citing Arizona, 567 U.S. at 396), and that under certain federal statutes “state officers may perform the functions of an immigration officer.” PI Opp’n at 30 (quoting Arizona, 567 U.S. at 408). Because the Court’s November 2 letter to counsel advised that the Court “do[es] not want any repetitive arguments or citations,” Defendant will not further discuss these points here.
The Court may have taken note of the Supreme Court’s comments in Arizona that “[r]emoval is a civil, not criminal, matter,” 567 U.S. at 396, and that, “[a]s a general rule, it is not a crime for a removable alien to remain present in the United States.” Id. at 407. Defendant’s position here is consistent with these statements, and a ruling in Defendant’s favor does not depend on whether the Department’s challenged conditions are aimed at enforcing federal criminal law.
Defendant has argued, rather, that these conditions are germane to the criminal justice and law enforcement purposes of the Byrne JAG Program because “[f]ederal immigration enforcement undoubtedly intersects with criminal justice, at a minimum for the simple reason that a conviction for any of a wide array of criminal offenses renders an alien removable from this country,” and that “[o]nce removed, a criminal alien who has committed such an offense . . . is no longer present in this country with the potential to re-offend.” PI Opp’n at 26, 29; see also Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356, 360 (2010) (observing that “deportation or removal is now virtually inevitable for a vast number of noncitizens convicted of crimes” (citation omitted)); Pl.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. for Prelim. Inj. at 10-11, 51 (linking City’s law enforcement approach to immigration issues) (Dkt. No. 21-1). The modest intergovernmental cooperation called for by the challenged conditions moreover comports with the Supreme Court’s recognition in Arizona that “[c]onsultation between federal and state officials is an important feature of the immigration system” and that Congress “has encouraged the sharing of information about possible immigration violations.” 567 U.S. at 411-12.
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DATED: November 9, 2017

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN Acting United States Attorney
JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director
/s/ Arjun Garg ARJUN GARG Trial Attorney U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530 Phone: (202) 305-8613 Fax: (202) 616-8470 E-Mail: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov
Counsel for Defendant

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I, Arjun Garg, hereby certify that on November 9, 2017 I electronically filed the foregoing document using the Court’s CM/ECF system, causing a notice of filing to be served upon all counsel of record.
/s/ Arjun Garg ARJUN GARG

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 71 Filed 11/09/17 Page 1 of 13
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY of PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

PLAINTIFF’S SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 71 Filed 11/09/17 Page 2 of 13
Pursuant to the Court’s November 2, 2017 letter, Plaintiff City of Philadelphia (“the City”), by and through its counsel, respectfully submits the following supplemental brief.
A. The Attorney General Lacks the Authority to Impose the Notification-of-Release Condition on the City as Part of its JAG Grant. At the November 2 oral argument on the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction, the
Department of Justice stated that the “main” area where the Department “think[s] the City is not in compliance” with the new JAG conditions, including the Section 1373 condition, is that “the City does not give ICE the information it would like to have” in terms of 48-hours advance notification of the release of individuals from the City’s prisons. Tr.1 (Nov. 2) at 85:8-9; id. at 101-103. But the Attorney General lacks the authority as a matter of law to impose this advance notification condition on the City as a part of its JAG award. That is so for three reasons.
First, as Philadelphia explained in its briefs, the Department cannot attach the notification condition as an independent requirement to the City’s JAG award because it does not fall into any of the three buckets of authority that Congress delegated to the Attorney General in the JAG statute. PI Mem. 17-21 (Dkt. 21-1). Requiring advance notice of release is not a condition pertaining to the use of JAG funds; it has nothing to do with programmatic or financial integrity; and it does not trace to any “federal law”—rather, it is a new obligation that the Department has concocted. The condition thus finds no place in the underlying statute. Congress did not give the Department the authority to add this type of mandate to localities’ formula grants. See City of Chicago v. Sessions, 2017 WL 4081821, at *7 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017).
Second, the Department cannot avoid that conclusion by stretching the plain language of Section 1373 to encompass something it does not: release date information. For the first time
1 References to “Tr.” are to the expedited transcripts of the November 2, 2017 oral argument and the October 26, 2017 evidentiary hearing.
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since Section 1373’s enactment in 1996 and since the JAG program’s inception in 2005 (and notably, only after a judge in Chicago enjoined the Department from adding the notification condition independently), the Department took the position on October 11, 20172—in its letter to the City and its Opposition brief filed in this Court—that Section 1373(a) and (b)’s reference to “information concerning citizenship or immigration status” includes information about an individual’s whereabouts, including his or her upcoming release from custody. A person’s physical location is indicative of his or her “presence,” the Department said, which is in turn connected to “immigration status.” Opp. 38 n.11 (Dkt. 28). At oral argument, the Department repeated this tortured reading of Section 1373, stating that “[in] our view . . . information regarding immigration status . . . [is] much broader than just immigration status, [and it] includes release date information.” Tr. (Nov. 2) at 101:23-25.
The language of Section 1373 cannot bear the Department’s construction. The phrase “information concerning citizenship or immigration status” means what it says: information about whether a person is a citizen by birth or naturalization, or is within in the United States pursuant to green card, visa, or some other category of admission recognized by the INA. Physical location at any given point in time is neither citizenship nor immigration status. “[I]t is presumed that Congress expresses its intent through the ordinary meaning of its language,” United States v. Diallo, 575 F.3d 252, 256 (3d Cir. 2009), and it is only where a statute’s
2 The Department’s October 11 letter was in response to the City’s certification of compliance with Section 1373 for its FY 2016 JAG award, funding which the City has already received and obligated. Tr. (Oct. 26) at 133:12-13 (Wertheimer). In the past, the Department has indicated that it may try to “claw back” grants already received, if localities fail to comply with Section 1373. Id. at 133:5-11. Although the present lawsuit is addressed to the City’s FY 2017 JAG award, this Court’s decisions about the Department’s authority to impose the Section 1373 condition and the City’s compliance with it could affect the City’s 2016 award as well. If the Department were to try to claw-back the 2016 award, the City would promptly move to amend the Complaint and expand the scope of any injunctive relief to cover the FY 2016 JAG award.
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ordinary meaning would produce “absurd results” that a court should employ additional interpretive devices, Lamie v. U.S. Trustee, 540 U.S. 526, 534 (2004). There is nothing absurd about reading “information concerning citizenship or immigration status” to mean just that. Numerous courts have done so, see Hisp. Int. Coal. of Ala. v. Governor of Ala., 691 F.3d 1236, 1248 (11th Cir. 2012); Lozano v. City of Hazleton, 620 F.3d 170, 194-196 (3d Cir. 2010), judgment vacated on other grounds, 563 U.S. 1030 (2011); Bologna v. City and Cnty. of S.F., 192 Cal. App. 4th 429, 430-440 (Cal. Ct. App. 2011), and the one court to have considered the argument that the phrase refers to a person’s release date rejected it, Steinle v. City and Cnty. of S.F., 230 F. Supp. 3d 994, 1015 (N.D. Cal., 2017) (finding such a reading not “plausible”).
It is the Department’s new construction of Section 1373(a) and (b) that would produce an absurdity. If “information concerning immigration status” were to encompass information about a person’s whereabouts, that would mean Section 1373 bars States and localities from having any law or policy that affords confidentiality to information about the physical places an individual frequents. Records of a person’s visit to a pregnancy counseling center, treatment in a drug rehabilitation facility, visit to a school, or even membership at an LGBT center, would all conceivably have to be disclosed to federal authorities (if they requested it). The privacy implications of such a reading of Section 1373 are considerable. See Whalen v. Roe, 429 U.S. 589, 599 (1977) (recognizing a privacy interest protected by the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause in “avoiding disclosure of certain personal matters”); Sterling v. Borough of Minersville, 232 F.3d 190, 196 (3d Cir. 2000) (same, as to sexual orientation); United States v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 638 F.2d 570, 577 (3d Cir. 1980) (same, as to one’s medical records). There is no need for this Court to open that Pandora’s box.
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The third reason that the Attorney General cannot impose the advance notification on Philadelphia is that, even if such a requirement could somehow be read into Section 1373, the Attorney General also lacks the authority to impose the Section 1373 condition on the City in conjunction with its JAG award. Section 1373 is not an “applicable Federal law” under 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), because it is not a federal statute or regulation that governs federal grantees. PI Mem. 18-19. Moreover, the inclusion of the Section 1373 condition in the City’s JAG award raises considerable problems under the Spending Clause. Id. at 34-39.
B. Philadelphia Provides Advance Notification of Release to ICE in a Number of Contexts, and the Additional Notice the Department is Requesting is Impractical. A second point that bears reiterating after the November 2 argument (see Tr. at 81:7-
83:18), is that the City does, in fact, provide advance notice of release to ICE if the notification request is supported by a criminal judicial warrant. Philadelphia Managing Director Brian Abernathy’s Memorandum of March 22, 2017 clarified and overrode any contrary indication within Detainer Order II. Pl. Proposed FOF ¶ 16 (Dkt. 65). When a criminal judicial warrant is presented, the City will comply with an ICE notification request without regard to the degree of crime alleged or committed, id.—and, importantly, ICE understands this. Tr. (Oct. 26) at 120:622. Of the 140 such requests that Philadelphia has received since December 2014, approximately four were supported by a judicial warrant. Tr. (Oct. 26) at 80:1, 93:1-7 (Abernathy). ICE could certainly seek to obtain more criminal judicial warrants if it wanted to.3
3 Note that the criminal judicial warrant which ICE would obtain, to the City’s understanding, would be for a current criminal investigation—not a previous crime for which an individual was already convicted. See Tr. (Nov. 2) at 85:16-87:2 (discussing this issue). A prior conviction could conceivably make a person subject to removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act, see 8 U.S.C. §1127(a)(2), but it most likely would not be grounds upon which the Department of Justice or ICE could obtain a new criminal warrant. Nonetheless, the point is that ICE is free to seek whatever criminal judicial warrants are available, and attach them to notification requests.
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The factual record developed also demonstrates that the additional notification ICE seeks is largely impractical to provide. Of the 6,833 people in Philadelphia’s prison facilities currently, approximately 83% have not yet been sentenced to any crime. Tr. (Oct. 26) at 80:14, 89:16-19, 91:1-7 (Abernathy). Approximately 78% have not even been convicted of a crime. Abernathy Decl. ¶ 6 (Dkt. 21-5). For this sizable proportion of Philadelphia’s prison population, providing advance notice of release is often not feasible because release tends to happen spontaneously. A judge may order release at a bail hearing—which the City would try to accomplish within four hours, see Tr. (Oct. 26) at 90:8-23 (Abernathy)—or a law enforcement official may decide not to pursue charges against the individual and to let him or her go. The irony is that these pre-sentence and pre-trial inmates are the very individuals for whom ICE is submitting its requests. Of the 140 notification requests sent to Philadelphia since December 2014, only three were for individuals serving sentences. Abernathy Decl. ¶ 10. In short: The very people for whom ICE wants 48 hours’ advance warning of release—137 out of 140 recent requests—are the very people for whom providing that advance notice is not practical.
While Philadelphia does not believe these facts bear legal significance because the notification condition cannot be imposed on the City at all, see supra, it nonetheless contends that, to the extent advance notice can be made a requirement of the JAG grant, the City provides a meaningful degree of notification (i.e., where a judicial warrant is provided) and the additional notification DOJ now seeks would be difficult if not often impossible to give.
C. Philadelphia Substantially Complies With the Section 1373 Condition Because its Policies Facilitate the Cooperative Exchange of Immigration-Status Information About Individuals in the City Who Pose Criminal Threats. The Court asked the parties to consider whether there is a “substantial compliance”
doctrine that might apply to the Section 1373 condition. See Oct. 27, 2017 Letter to Counsel, Q.
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17. The City submits that the proper lens through which to construe its compliance with Section
1373—given that it would here be enforced through a JAG award—is the constitutional lens
supplied by the Spending Clause and the Tenth Amendment. PI Mem. 44-49; Reply Br. 8-10,
14-15. Those doctrines, in turn, instruct that the Section 1373 condition can be imposed upon
the City only in a manner that (1) is “reasonably calculated” to further the purposes of JAG’s
spending and is not overly ambiguous, South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 209 (1987); and (2) does not result in commandeering, Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 935 (1997).4
1. Perhaps most important, the Department has not come close to showing that the
Spending Clause concerns can be satisfied with the application of Section 1373 that it seeks. At
both the evidentiary hearing on October 26 and the oral argument on November 2, the
Department utterly failed to demonstrate that compelling the disclosure of immigration status
information for the limited class of individuals whom Philadelphia protects would support local
criminal law enforcement under JAG. For victims, the Department appears to have abandoned
its position altogether. See Tr. (Nov. 2) at 90:4-5 (“The victims are – we are not asking . . . for
that information.”). For the other individuals who fall outside of the City’s disclosure
exceptions—e.g., witnesses, people seeking City services, or others in the City who pose no
4 At oral argument, the Department repeated its contention that “this is not a Tenth Amendment case in the sense that it’s a grant case.” Tr. (Nov. 2) at 58:17-18; see also id. at 58:20-23. But the Department cannot sweep the Tenth Amendment aside so easily. The Department’s very grounds for arguing that Section 1373 can be made a condition of the JAG award in the first place is that Section 1373 is an “applicable Federal law” that independently regulates the City. See Opp. 2 (“With respect to 8 U.S.C. § 1373 in particular, the City is independently required to comply with federal law (including Section 1373) regardless of whether it accepts federal grant fundings”); accord id. at 19, 32, 41. But no law can be “applicable” if it is in fact unconstitutional. The Department’s argument warrants this Court’s construction of Section 1373 in light of the Constitution and in a manner that avoids constitutional doubts. See Clark v. Martinez, 543 U.S. 371, 380-381 (2005) (“[W]hen deciding which of two plausible statutory constructions to adopt, a court must consider the necessary consequences of its choice. If one of them would raise a multitude of constitutional problems, the other should prevail—whether or not those constitutional problems pertain to the particular litigant before the Court.”).
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criminal concern—the Department simply offered no facts, data, or even testimony demonstrating that mandating the revelation of these individuals’ immigration status to ICE (if the City has such information) would improve public safety. And there is no logical reason to assume it would: Merely being in the country without a valid immigration status is not a crime, and does not make someone a criminal threat. Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 407 (2012).
The Department’s only Spending Clause arguments are irrelevant, inaccurate, or both. First, it says that compelling the disclosure of immigration status information of people who pose no criminal threat would further ICE’s mission of civil immigration enforcement. But that is not how the Spending Clause analysis works. A condition has to further the purpose of the federal spending to which it is being attached, not vice versa. See Texas v. United States, No. 7:15-cv00151-O, 2016 WL 4138632, at **16-17 (N.D. Tex. Aug. 4, 2016). Second, at the November 2 hearing, the Department argued that “relatedness” under Dole is satisfied because the JAG program’s purpose is to promote “law enforcement” generally, as well as “cooperation between federal and state officials.” Tr. (Nov. 2) at 47:8-9. That is simply incorrect. As the text and history of the Byrne JAG statute make clear, Congress’s purpose in creating these formula grants was to support States and localities in bolstering their criminal justice systems in eight defined program areas, not to promote any and all types of “law enforcement” (such as immigration enforcement) or “cooperation” with federal officials. See 34 U.S.C. § 10152; PI Mem. 21-22, 3439. The Department cannot show the necessary relationship required by Dole by characterizing the purpose of the federal spending at issue at the highest possible level of generality. Countenancing such tactics in a defense to a Spending Clause challenge would “render academic
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the Constitution’s other grants and limits of federal authority.” New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 167 (1992).
2. The Fourth Circuit’s holding in Commonwealth of Virginia v. Riley, 106 F.3d 559 (4th Cir. 1997) (en banc) is instructive and supports the City’s argument. There, the court considered a Spending Clause condition being imposed upon Virginia in conjunction with a grant under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), which supplies education funds for students with disabilities. The condition required that recipients of IDEA grants “assure[] all children with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education” (“FAPE”), 20 U.S.C. § 1412(1), and the Department of Education was attempting to enforce the condition on Virginia, and withhold its “entire $60 million annual IDEA” award, unless the Commonwealth changed a policy that permitted students to be expelled for reasons unrelated to their disabilities. 106 F.3d at 560. The Fourth Circuit held that the Department’s enforcement effort was unlawful. The condition had to be applied in light of the Spending Clause, which requires that conditions be stated “clearly and unambiguously,” as well as the Tenth Amendment, which protects against “impermissible coercion,” id. at 561. Because the IDEA statute had not put recipients on notice that expulsion policies like Virginia’s were impermissible, and because denying Virginia its award would result in “[a] substantial question under the Tenth Amendment,” the court determined that the Commonwealth was in sufficient compliance with the FAPE condition such that the Department could not withhold the federal funds. Id.
A similar analysis should apply here, and should compel the conclusion that Philadelphia complies with all that the Section 1373 condition can lawfully be enforced to demand. Again, as Philadelphia has demonstrated, the City’s policies allow for the unfettered sharing of information with federal authorities about current criminal threats in the City. The text of the City’s policies
8

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permits the exchange of immigration-status information for individuals “suspected of engaging in criminal activity,” Pl. Proposed FOF ¶¶ 3, 6, 9, and the practice of the City’s officers is to use databases which provide federal authorities notice of all individuals stopped, arrested, booked, or convicted of crimes in the City, id. ¶¶ 18-23. ICE itself admits that it obtains the notice it needs to send detainer requests from the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), maintained by the FBI and regularly used by the City. Id. ¶ 22 n.3. The City’s PARS system, to which ICE also has access, shows the names, addresses, “place of birth,” and upcoming court dates of individuals scheduled for arraignment. Tr. (Oct. 26) at 81:8-82:24 (Abernathy). Both in letter and in execution, the City’s policies permit cooperative information-sharing in all of these regards. The Department has not even attempted to argue otherwise.
Instead, to claim a violation of the Section 1373 condition, the Department homes in on the limited class of people for whom Philadelphia does not share immigration-status information: law-abiding individuals who pose no criminal threat, but whom ICE nonetheless wants to deport. Tr. (Nov. 2) at 91:18-92:8; see also Oct. 11 Letter at 2 (referring to Executive Order 8-09 and its application to all of Philadelphia’s “officers and employees”). But as the City’s evidence has shown, requiring Philadelphia to disclose the confidential information of such individuals would chill the reporting of crimes, deter immigrants from using City services, and undermine public safety and health—threatening the very purpose of JAG funding, as well as the City’s police powers and autonomy. See Pl. Proposed FOF ¶¶ 27-30, 33-36. Enforcement of the Section 1373 condition in such a manner would raise the same types of concerns under the Spending Clause and the Tenth Amendment that were at issue in Riley, and that warranted enforcement of the condition in a more limited manner. See PI Mem. 45-49.
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3. Finally, narrowing the scope of the Department’s Section 1373 condition in light of Spending Clause and Tenth Amendment limitations yields a similar conclusion as would application of the contract law doctrine of “substantial compliance” or “substantial performance.” “[T]he equitable doctrine of substantial performance is intended for the protection and relief of those who have . . . honestly endeavored to perform their contracts in all material and substantial particulars, so that their right to compensation may not be forfeited by reason of mere technical, inadvertent, or unimportant omissions or defects.” Fort Washington Res., Inc. v. Tannen, 901 F. Supp. 932, 940 (E.D. Pa. 1995). There is no impediment to applying that doctrine here: “Legislation enacted pursuant to the spending power is much in the nature of a contract,” Arlington Cent. Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Murphy, 548 U.S. 291, 296 (2006) (quotation marks omitted), and the Court has “regularly applied the contract-law analogy” in cases “defining the scope of conduct” that can give rise to certain penalties, Barnes v. Gorman, 536 U.S. 181, 186-187 (2002). Philadelphia has “honestly endeavored” to comply with Section 1373 “in all material and substantial” respects. It cooperates with federal law enforcement agencies through shared databases, participation in task forces, and routine communication; it does not prohibit City officers from making inquiries of ICE where appropriate; and its policies allow for the disclosure of any immigration status information that the City may have for individuals who pose current criminal threats. The amount of communications covered by Sections 1373(a) and (b) that Philadelphia actually restricts is insubstantial, and the Department has made no showing that it is of “[i]mportan[ce].” Fort Washington, 901 F. Supp. at 940.
Accordingly, if Section 1373 can be applied as a JAG condition at all, both constitutional and contract principles prevent the Department from applying Section 1373 in order to withhold the City’s JAG funding.
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DATED: November 9, 2017

Respectfully submitted,

SOZI PEDRO TULANTE, I.D. NO. 202579 City Solicitor MARCEL S. PRATT, I.D. NO. 307483 Chair, Litigation Group LEWIS ROSMAN, I.D. NO. 72033 Senior Attorney CITY OF PHILADELPHIA LAW DEPARTMENT 1515 Arch Street, 17th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19102

VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 SARA ARONCHICK SOLOW, I.D. NO. 311081 JASMEET K. AHUJA, I.D. NO. 322093 ALEXANDER B. BOWERMAN, I.D. NO. 321990 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

ROBERT C. HEIM, I.D. NO. 15758

NEAL K. KATYAL (pro hac vice)

JUDY L. LEONE, I.D. NO. 041165

DANIEL J.T. SCHUKER (pro hac vice)

FRIEDRICH-WILHELM W. SACHSE, I.D. NO. 84097 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP

DECHERT LLP

555 Thirteenth Street, NW

Cira Centre

Washington, DC 20004

2929 Arch Street

Philadelphia, PA 19104

(215) 994-4000

Attorneys for the City of Philadelphia

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 71 Filed 11/09/17 Page 13 of 13

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on November 9, 2017, the foregoing document was served electronically by the Court’s CM/ECF system on all counsel of record in this case.

November 9, 2017

VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 77 Filed 11/15/17 Page 1 of 34

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, Attorney General of the United States, in his official capacity,
Defendant.

Civ. Action No. 17-3894 Hon. Michael M. Baylson

BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AND IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR A
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
HARRY SANDICK (pro hac vice pending) JAMISON DAVIES (pro hac vice pending) MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ (pro hac vice pending) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP 1133 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036
IRA N. RICHARDS (PA Bar No. 501879) Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP 1600 Market St., Suite 3600 Philadelphia, PA 19103

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 77 Filed 11/15/17 Page 2 of 34
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .......................................................................................................... ii
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT .....................................................................................................1
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .......................................................................................................1
ARGUMENT ...................................................................................................................................3
I. The Attorney General Has Disregarded Constitutional Limits on the Exercise of Federal Spending Power That Protect States and Localities ...............................................3
A. The Spending Clause and the Separation of Powers Limit Congress’s Authority to Impose Conditions on Federal Grants and Deny Federal Agencies the Ability to Independently Force States and Localities to Accept Conditions....................................................................................................4
B. The Dysfunctional Administrative Process in this Case Underscores the Need for Judicial Enforcement of Constitutional Limits on Federal Spending Power .......................................................................................................6
II. Congress Did Not and Could Not Authorize the Conditions that the Attorney General Seeks to Unilaterally Impose on Byrne JAG Funding .........................................11
A. The Byrne JAG Statutory Scheme Does Not Authorize the Attorney General’s Conditions .............................................................................................11
B. Congress Cannot Authorize the Attorney General to Violate Constitutional Limits on the Federal Government’s Spending Power ..........................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
APPENDIX A............................................................................................................................. A-1

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page(s)
Cases
In re Aiken County, 725 F.3d 255 (D.C. Cir. 2013) ...................................................................................................5
Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012).................................................................................................................10
City of Arlington v. FCC, 569 U.S. 290 (2013)...................................................................................................................5
City of Chicago v. Sessions, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149847 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017) ............................................8, 13, 16
City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999).......................................................................................................19
Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998)...................................................................................................................5
County of Santa Clara v. Trump, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 62871 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017) .....................................................5, 7
County of Santa Clara v. Trump, No. 17-16886 (9th Cir.) .............................................................................................................7
DeBartolo Corp. v. Fla. Gulf Coast Bldg. & Const. Trades Council, 485 U.S. 568 (1988).................................................................................................................17
Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014).......................................................................................................9
Garcia v. San Antonio Metro. Transit Auth., 469 U.S. 528 (1985)...................................................................................................................6
Kelley v. Johnson, 425 U.S. 238 (1976)...................................................................................................................1
Lunn v. Commonwealth, 78 N.E.3d 1143 (Mass. 2017) ..................................................................................................10
Moreno v. Napolitano, 213 F. Supp. 3d 999 (N.D. Ill. 2016) .......................................................................................10
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N. Ill. Chapter of Assoc. Builders & Contractors, Inc. v. Lavin, 431 F.3d 1004 (7th Cir. 2005) .................................................................................................17
New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992).................................................................................................................18
NFIB v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012)...................................................................................................2, 4, 14, 19
Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1 (1981).....................................................................................................4, 12, 14, 15
Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997).................................................................................................................19
South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987).......................................................................................................4, 14, 17
States of New York, Massachusetts, et al. v. Donald Trump et al., No. 1:17-cv-05228 (E.D.N.Y. Sep. 6, 2017) ...........................................................................18
Steinle v. City and County of San Francisco, 230 F. Supp. 3d 994 (N.D. Cal. 2017) .....................................................................................15
Whitman v. Am. Trucking Ass’ns, 531 U.S. 457 (2001).................................................................................................................14
Constitution, Statutes & Executive Orders U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1...........................................................................................................2, 3 U.S. Const., art. I, § 9, cl. 7..............................................................................................................3 U.S. Const., art. II, § 3 .....................................................................................................................5 U.S. Const. Amend. IV ..................................................................................................................10 U.S. Const. Amend. X .................................................................................................10, 15, 18, 19 8 U.S.C. § 1357(a)(2).....................................................................................................................10 8 U.S.C. § 1357(d) .........................................................................................................................10 8 U.S.C. § 1373...................................................................................................................... passim 23 U.S.C. § 108..............................................................................................................................16
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23 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1)(A) ...............................................................................................................14 25 U.S.C. § 4112............................................................................................................................16 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6)...........................................................................................................12, 13 34 U.S.C. § 10152..........................................................................................................................12 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1)...........................................................................................................11, 12 34 U.S.C. § 10152(d) .....................................................................................................................12 34 U.S.C. § 10153..........................................................................................................................12 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) .........................................................................................13, 14, 15, 16 34 U.S.C. § 10155............................................................................................................................8 34 U.S.C. § 10702(3)(D)................................................................................................................16 42 U.S.C. § 1396c ..........................................................................................................................14 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-1.....................................................................................................................13 42 U.S.C. § 2000d..........................................................................................................................13 42 U.S.C. § 3712(a)(6)...................................................................................................................12 Exec. Order 13,563, Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review,
76 Fed. Reg. 3821 (Jan. 18, 2011) .............................................................................................8 Exec. Order 13,768, Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,
82 Fed. Reg. 8799 (Jan. 25, 2017) .......................................................................................7, 10 Pub. L. No. 113-121, 128 Stat. 1193 (2014)..................................................................................16 Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005,
H.R. 3402, Pub. L. No. 109-162, 119 Stat. 2960 (2006) .........................................................13 Legislative History Enforce the Law for Sanctuary Cities Act, H.R. 3009, 114th Cong. (2015) .................................12 H.R. Rep. No. 109-233 (2005).......................................................................................................12 Stop Sanctuary Cities Act, S. 1814, 114th Cong. (2015) ..............................................................12
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Other Authorities
The Federalist No. 48 (James Madison) (1788)...........................................................................3, 5
Bradford R. Clark, Separation of Powers as a Safeguard of Federalism, 79 Tex. L. Rev. 1321 (2001) ...................................................................................................................6
Anil Kalhan, Immigration Policing and Federalism Through the Lens of Technology, Surveillance, and Privacy, 74 Ohio St. L.J. 1105 (2013)......................................................................................................9
Christopher N. Lasch, Sanctuary Cities and Dog-Whistle Politics, 42 New Eng. J. on Crim. & Civ. Confinement 159 (2016)......................................................18
Robert A. Mikos, Can the States Keep Secrets from the Federal Government?, 161 U. Pa. L. Rev. 103 (2012) .................................................................................................19
Hiroshi Motomura, The Discretion That Matters: Federal Immigration Enforcement, State and Local Arrests, and the Civil-Criminal Line, 58 UCLA L. Rev. 1819 (2011) ..................................................................................................9
Eloise Pasachoff, Agency Enforcement of Spending Clause Statutes: A Defense of the Funding Cut-Off, 124 Yale L.J. 248 (2014).........................................................................8
S. Karthick Ramakrishnan & Pratheepan Gulasekaram, The Importance of the Political in Immigration Federalism, 44 Ariz. St. L.J. 1431 (2012)........................................18
Rubén Rumbaut & Walter Ewing, The Myth of Immigrant Criminality and the Paradox of Assimilation, Immigration Policy Center (2007)..................................................18
Juliet P. Stumpf, D(e)volving Discretion: Lessons from the Life and Times of Secure Communities, 64 Am. U.L. Rev. 1259 (2015) ...............................................................9
Donald J. Trump, Donald Trump’s Contract with the American Voter (Oct. 2016).......................7
Tom Wong, The Effects of Sanctuary Policies on Crime and the Economy, National Immigration Law Center (Jan. 26, 2017), available at https://perma.cc/B57Q-XGTE .................................................................................................17
U.S. Dept. of Justice, Attorney General Jeff Sessions Delivers Remarks (Mar. 27, 2017), available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-jeffsessions-delivers-remarks-sanctuary-jurisdictions ..................................................................18
U.S. Dept. of Justice, Attorney General Sessions Announces Immigration Compliance Requirements for Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Programs (July 25, 2017), available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-sessions-announcesimmigration-compliance-requirements-edward-byrne-memorial..............................................7 v

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U.S. Dept. of Justice, Justice Department Provides Last Chance for Cities to Show Section 1373 Compliance (Oct. 12, 2017) available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-provides-last-chance-citiesshow-1373-compliance ..............................................................................................................8
U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Comprehensive Opioid Abuse Site-based Program FY 2017 Competitive Grant Announcement, OMB No. 1121-0329, at 43 (Jan. 24, 2017) OMB No. 1121-0329 (Jan. 24, 2017), available at https://www.bja.gov/funding/CARA17.pdf.............................................................................16
Full Text: Donald Trump Immigration Speech in Arizona (Aug. 31, 2016), available at http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/donald-trumpimmigration-address-transcript-227614...........................................................................2, 7, 18
Letter to Bob Goodlatte, Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives et al. (Sept. 26, 2016).....................................................................................19
Letter from Alan R. Hanson, Acting Ass’t Att’y Gen’l, Office of Justice Programs to Jim Kenney, Mayor, City of Phila. (Oct. 11, 2017).............................................................15
Memorandum from Jeh Charles Johnson, Sec’y, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Secure Communities (Nov 20, 2014)........................................................................10
Christopher Ingraham, Trump says sanctuary cities are hotbeds of crime. Data say the opposite, The Washington Post (Jan. 27, 2017) .................................................18
Here’s Donald Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech, Time (June 16, 2015).........................................................................................................................17
“Police Chiefs to Trump: Don’t Punish Sanctuary Cities,” NBC News (Mar. 29, 2017), available at https://perma.cc/L4BD-7G9H ..................................................................17
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PRELIMINARY STATEMENT This case concerns the limits on the federal executive branch’s authority to co-opt states and localities into administering the executive’s regulatory agenda rather than addressing their own public safety priorities. Since the Founding, “[t]he promotion of safety of persons and property [has been] unquestionably at the core of [the states’] police power.” Kelley v. Johnson, 425 U.S. 238, 247 (1976). The Constitution reserves this police power to the states as well as localities. See id. (treating state and local governments equivalently). But in today’s era of expansive federal spending, the federal government has vast power to influence state and local policy by attaching conditions to federal grants. The Constitution protects federalism by limiting the types of conditions Congress may impose on federal grants and the manner in which they may be imposed and by denying the Executive Branch unilateral authority to impose new conditions. The Attorney General’s vision of federal executive authority, if accepted, would permit federal agencies to ignore these basic constitutional principles and impose spending conditions of their own confection. Amici, who are listed in Appendix A, are scholars of administrative, constitutional, and immigration law. They have an interest in the proper construction and enforcement of constitutional and statutory limits on federal executive power. While the parties focus on the Attorney General’s threat to deny the City of Philadelphia law enforcement funding under the Edward Byrne Justice Assistance Grant (“Byrne JAG”) program, amici provide a unique perspective on the larger ramifications of the Court’s decision for federal executive authority.
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT The rules that deny federal agencies unilateral authority to impose conditions on federal spending are well settled and of considerable importance. Congress offers federal funding to
1

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states and localities in areas ranging from policing to healthcare, and states and localities increasingly depend upon federal funding to provide government services. The ubiquity of federal funding makes judicial enforcement of constitutional and statutory limits on federal spending conditions crucial to protecting state and local sovereignty.
Article I of the Constitution grants the power of the purse to Congress, not to the President or to the Attorney General. U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1. The Department of Justice does not have freewheeling authority independent from Congress to impose spending conditions under the Constitution. And for good reason. Over the course of the last ten months, the Administration—in an effort to fulfill the President’s campaign promise to “end” sanctuary cities1—has already tried to bypass the limits on the federal spending power multiple times. The Attorney General’s announcement of sweeping and intrusive demands on states and localities that receive Byrne JAG grants is only one of the latest examples.
No provision of the Byrne JAG statute gives the Attorney General sweeping discretion to condition funding on acquiescence to the president’s immigration plans. Congress did not authorize the Department to impose the new conditions on Byrne JAG grants. Further, the Constitution limits even Congress’s authority to leverage federal funding to require states and local governments to implement federal policies. See NFIB v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 576 (2012) (explaining that the Court has “recognized limits on Congress’s power under the Spending Clause to secure state compliance with federal objectives”). The Attorney General can no more circumvent those constitutional limits than can Congress.
1 Full Text: Donald Trump Immigration Speech in Arizona (Aug. 31, 2016) (hereinafter “August Speech”), available at http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/donald-trump-immigration-addresstranscript-227614.
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The Attorney General would have this Court hold that a federal agency may impose its own conditions on a funding program without clear and specific congressional authorization, even when those conditions are inconsistent with Congress’s purposes. Should the Court accept this invitation, it would set a dangerous precedent that goes far beyond the current bid to force Byrne JAG recipients to implement the President and Attorney General’s immigration policies. Administration officials will feel free to disregard the balance between state and federal authority and require states and localities to administer whatever unrelated priorities the executive wants to pursue in any particular fiscal year. This case confirms the need for federal courts to protect federalism by enforcing the constitutional limits on federal executive power.
ARGUMENT I. The Attorney General Has Disregarded Constitutional Limits on the Exercise of
Federal Spending Power That Protect States and Localities Article I of the Constitution grants Congress the power to tax and to spend: “The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const., art. I, § 8, cl. 1. Congress “alone has access to the pockets of the people”—the executive branch has no authority to spend under Article I, for “[n]o money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by law.” The Federalist, No. 48, at 148 (James Madison); U.S. Const., art. I, § 9, cl. 7. It is for Congress to enact spending measures and authorize conditions on federal grants, leaving to the federal executive the task of implementing those programs. Since the executive has no independent spending power, it thus also has no independent authority to create new conditions on federal funds once appropriated by Congress. The Framers adopted a carefully calibrated separation of powers that protects both individual liberty and federalism by limiting the authority of each branch of the federal
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government. These constitutional limits protect states and localities against the very sort of executive branch dysfunction that has been on display in this case, culminating in the Attorney General announcing, unilaterally and without authority, new conditions on Byrne JAG grants.
A. The Spending Clause and the Separation of Powers Limit Congress’s Authority to Impose Conditions on Federal Grants and Deny Federal Agencies the Ability to Independently Force States and Localities to Accept Conditions
To ensure that states and localities are protected from arbitrary and unpredictable changes in federal grantmaking, the executive branch may not withhold funds based on a grant condition unless Congress has clearly authorized it: “if Congress intends to impose a condition on the grant of federal moneys, it must do so unambiguously.” Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1, 17 (1981). Moreover, a reviewing court “must carefully inquire” into the legislative scheme before concluding that the executive can order states and localities to comply with particular conditions to receive federal grants. Id. at 18. This clear-statement rule ensures that a state has “voluntarily and knowingly” agreed to the spending condition. Id. at 17. If there is no specific statutory language authorizing the executive to implement a spending condition, then Congress should be presumed not to have authorized it.
When authorizing spending conditions, Congress must also comply with other constitutional limits on its spending power. Spending conditions must not only be clearly authorized, but also be designed to promote the general welfare, be related to Congress’s public purpose in spending the funds, and not be subject to an independent constitutional bar. See South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207-08, 211 (1987). Such conditions may not, moreover, be unduly coercive. See id. at 211; NFIB, 567 U.S. at 577-78. Like the other limits on Congress’s spending power, these constitutional constraints help ensure “the political accountability key to our federal system.” NFIB, 567 U.S. at 578.
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To ensure political accountability and protect federalism, the Framers not only limited Congress’s Article I power to authorize spending conditions. They also denied to the executive branch any independent Article II authority to impose conditions of its own making, or to unilaterally refuse to spend appropriated funds for its own policy ends. The executive’s duty is to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const., art. II, § 3. In carrying out that duty, the executive departments, like administrative agencies, are creatures of statute whose “power to act . . . [is] authoritatively prescribed by Congress.” City of Arlington v. FCC, 569 U.S. 290, 297 (2013). Neither the President nor any executive agency has the “constitutional authority to withhold” funds that Congress has designated for a particular purpose—indeed, withholding such funds “violates [the] obligation to faithfully execute the laws duly enacted by Congress.” County of Santa Clara v. Trump, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 62871, at *74 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017) (citing Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417, 439 (1998) (striking down Line Item Veto Act, which purported to give President authority to cancel specific types of spending provisions)); see also In re Aiken County, 725 F.3d 255, 261 n.1 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (holding that President “does not have unilateral authority to refuse to spend the funds” that Congress has appropriated).
By limiting congressional and executive authority over spending, the Constitution protects states and localities. With the power to spend comes the power to make policy by imposing substantive conditions on the acceptance of federal funds. The finely wrought procedures of federal lawmaking preclude a single person—whether the President or an agency department head—from arrogating to himself power over “the pockets of the people.” The Federalist, No. 48, at 148 (James Madison). Instead, the Spending Clause and separation-ofpowers rules together ensure that the concurrence of Congress is necessary before the federal
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government can impose a spending condition. See Bradford R. Clark, Separation of Powers as a Safeguard of Federalism, 79 Tex. L. Rev. 1321, 1391 (2001) (explaining that “federal lawmaking procedures,” including those limiting federal spending, “safeguard federalism”). These political safeguards, and their enforcement by the judiciary, are essential to the federal system.
B. The Dysfunctional Administrative Process in this Case Underscores the Need for Judicial Enforcement of Constitutional Limits on Federal Spending Power
When the federal government announces conditions on federal grants, states and localities can normally take any concerns they have to Congress, or, in the alternative, lodge them with the executive. See Garcia v. San Antonio Metro. Transit Auth., 469 U.S. 528, 550-52 (1985) (explaining that “the shape of the constitutional scheme” of federal lawmaking protects states’ “‘residuary sovereignty’” (quoting The Federalist No. 62, at 408 (B. Wright ed. 1961))). But when spending conditions are announced unilaterally and without any formal process, it leaves states and localities without any recourse but to the federal courts.
From the inception of the Byrne JAG program until 2016, the federal government dispersed hundreds of millions of dollars of grant funds without any immigration-related conditions. The Attorney General’s imposition of the challenged conditions was a substantial departure from past practice, with high stakes for states and localities. Nevertheless, the Attorney General did not use any formal procedures, such as notice-and-comment rulemaking, that would have facilitated transparency and consultation.
That the Administration took such a drastic step without consulting state and local jurisdictions is unsurprising. “End[ing]” so-called “sanctuary cities” has been a preoccupation of
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President Trump since before he took office. See August Speech, supra note 1.2 To that end, the
Administration has tried several times to bypass limits on executive authority to threaten such
jurisdictions with funding cut-offs, without regard for congressional intent or for state and local
sovereignty. Within one week of taking office, the President issued Executive Order 13,768,
directing Administration officials to “ensure that jurisdictions that . . . refuse to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 . . . are not eligible to receive Federal grants.”3 Local governments promptly
challenged the move in federal court. In April 2017, a district court in California found that
plaintiffs were likely to succeed on the merits of their constitutional challenge and entered a
nationwide preliminary injunction. Santa Clara, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 62871, at *97. The
court made clear that Congress had “repeatedly, and frequently, declined to broadly condition
federal funds or grants on compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 or other federal immigration laws”
and found the Executive Order “an improper attempt to wield Congress’s exclusive spending power and . . . a violation of the Constitution’s separation of powers principles.” Id. at *75-76.4
Undeterred, the Administration then switched course. In July 2017, the Attorney General announced the Byrne JAG funding conditions challenged in this case.5 The Attorney General
2 See also Donald J. Trump, Donald Trump’s Contract with the American Voter (Oct. 2016), https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/_landings/contract/O-TRU-102316-Contractv02.pdf (promising to “cancel all funding to sanctuary cities” in the first 100 days of his presidency).
3 Exec. Order 13,768, Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States § 9(a), 82 Fed. Reg. 8799, 8801 (Jan. 25, 2017) (hereinafter “Interior Enforcement Executive Order”), available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/25/presidential-executive-order-enhancing-publicsafety-interior-united.
4 The district court’s order has been appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and the appeal is currently pending. County of Santa Clara v. Trump, No. 17-16886 (9th Cir.), filed Sept. 18, 2017.
5 U.S. Dept. of Justice, Attorney General Sessions Announces Immigration Compliance Requirements for Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Programs (July 25, 2017), available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-sessions-announces-immigration-compliancerequirements-edward-byrne-memorial.
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did not engage notice-and-comment rulemaking, which would have allowed states and localities to raise their federalism concerns directly with the Department of Justice. Many agencies have voluntarily conducted notice-and-comment rulemaking when making substantive changes to grant conditions.6 Indeed, in the Byrne JAG statute, Congress instructed the Attorney General to “issue rules to carry out” the Byrne JAG program. 34 U.S.C. § 10155. Nonetheless, when the Attorney General adopted the new and intrusive conditions on the Byrne JAG program at issue here, he informed state and local jurisdictions for the first time by press release.
After the Attorney General announced the three new Byrne JAG conditions, several jurisdictions filed suit. In September 2017, a federal court in Chicago granted a nationwide preliminary injunction against the notice and access conditions based on a finding that the executive lacked authority to impose them. See City of Chicago v. Sessions, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149847, at *44 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017). Even then, the Attorney General did not give up. Last week, the Department of Justice issued letters to five jurisdictions, including Philadelphia, finding those jurisdictions to be “preliminarily” in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the federal statute that serves as the basis for the remaining Byrne JAG condition.7 In doing so, the Attorney General adopted an expansive interpretation of § 1373 that would effectively implement de facto the conditions he is enjoined from imposing directly. See infra at 15.
6 See Eloise Pasachoff, Agency Enforcement of Spending Clause Statutes: A Defense of the Funding Cut-Off, 124 Yale L.J. 248, 325 n.394 (2014) (noting agency practice of waiving Administrative Procedure Act exemption from rulemaking for grants). The executive branch has also previously directed federal agencies to have an “open exchange of information and perspectives” with state and local officials when creating new policies. Exec. Order 13,563, Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review, 76 Fed. Reg. 3821, 3821-22 (Jan. 18, 2011).
7 The letters are available on the Department of Justice’s website. See U.S. Dept. of Justice, Justice Department Provides Last Chance for Cities to Show Section 1373 Compliance (Oct. 12, 2017) available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-provides-last-chance-cities-show-1373compliance.
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The Administration’s attack on so-called sanctuary jurisdictions appears to be part of a broader policy platform of mass deportations, itself marked by a tendency towards executive overreach. To achieve its policy end, the Administration recognizes that it must obtain the acquiescence of state and local jurisdictions, including Philadelphia, and persuade them to open up their jails to immigration officials and redirect policing resources towards immigration enforcement.
The Attorney General’s new conditions on Byrne JAG funding are of a piece with its other attempts to conscript state and local participation in immigration enforcement, including through the revival of the controversial Secure Communities program. Launched in 2008, the program precipitated a federalism crisis when officials were forced to admit they had left no way for states and localities to “opt out” of immigration checks for every arrestee, dramatically raising the stakes of police contact for noncitizens.8 States and localities, unable to stop their routine booking process from being co-opted for immigration checks, turned to limiting the circumstances under which local officials would comply with the “detainers” issued by federal immigration authorities under the program.
Initially, there was confusion about whether local officials had discretion to decline to comply with detainers. Federal courts later clarified that the executive lacked statutory authority to compel local officials to hold individuals on detainers. See Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634, 641-45 (3d Cir. 2014) (finding that mandatory detainer compliance was not authorized by 8
8 See Juliet P. Stumpf, D(e)volving Discretion: Lessons from the Life and Times of Secure Communities, 64 Am. U.L. Rev. 1259, 1272-73, 1279-81 (2015); Hiroshi Motomura, The Discretion That Matters: Federal Immigration Enforcement, State and Local Arrests, and the Civil-Criminal Line, 58 UCLA L. Rev. 1819 (2011). At least one scholar has argued that the Secure Communities program may itself exceed statutory authority and thus be unlawful. Anil Kalhan, Immigration Policing and Federalism Through the Lens of Technology, Surveillance, and Privacy, 74 Ohio St. L.J. 1105, 1130-31, 1162-63 (2013).
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U.S.C. § 1357(d) and would violate the Tenth Amendment’s anti-commandeering doctrine).9 In Moreno v. Napolitano, a federal court further held that the federal government’s practice of regularly issuing immigration detainers to local officials without first trying to obtain warrants violated limits on the federal government’s statutory civil arrest authority under 8 U.S.C. § 1357(a)(2). 213 F. Supp. 3d 999, 1003-04 (N.D. Ill. 2016).
In November 2014, due to growing body of federal court decisions calling into question the legality of detainer-based detention by state and local officials, the federal government discontinued the Secure Communities program.10 But the Trump Administration has brought it back.11 Ignoring “the removal system Congress created,” Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 407 (2012), it has attempted, unsuccessfully, to revive the discredited theory that state and local officials have “inherent authority” to hold individuals for civil immigration purposes. See Lunn, 78 N.E.3d at 1156-58. The Administration has also devised a system for shaming jurisdictions that decline immigration detainers,12 despite the legitimate reasons state and local jurisdictions have for not complying with them.
In its quest to maximize deportations, the Administration has thus gone to extraordinary lengths to press state and local criminal justice actors into the service of the federal immigration enforcement machinery. This war on so-called sanctuary jurisdictions is also a war on the
9 Indeed, a number of courts have indicated that it would be a Fourth Amendment violation for state and local authorities to hold individuals beyond the time they would otherwise be entitled to release based solely on an immigration detainer. See, e.g., Lunn v. Commonwealth, 78 N.E.3d 1143, 1153 (Mass. 2017).
10 See Memorandum from Jeh Charles Johnson, Sec’y, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Secure Communities (Nov 20, 2014), available at https://perma.cc/AHK5-GMEU.
11 Interior Enforcement Executive Order § 10. 12 Id. § 9(b).
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constitutional prerogatives of states and localities and it will not stop unless the judiciary enforces constitutional limits on the executive’s authority. II. Congress Did Not and Could Not Authorize the Conditions that the Attorney
General Seeks to Unilaterally Impose on Byrne JAG Funding The Attorney General’s newly minted conditions on Byrne JAG funding violate statutory limits on his authority and constitutional constraints on the federal government’s spending power. No act of Congress contains the type of clear statement required to permit the Attorney General to condition Byrne JAG funds on compliance with the agency’s notice, access, or information-sharing requirements. Further, interpreting the Byrne JAG statute to authorize the new immigration-related conditions would violate the constitutional limits on the federal spending power. Accepting the Attorney General’s interpretation of its authority would therefore set a dangerous precedent not only for the Byrne JAG program, but also for the myriad other federal grant programs on which states and localities have come to rely. A. The Byrne JAG Statutory Scheme Does Not Authorize the Attorney
General’s Conditions There is no indication in the Byrne JAG statute that Congress intended for the Attorney General to have any authority to impose immigration-related requirements on grantees of the type contemplated here. Indeed, the statutory text does not even authorize the Department of Justice to impose criminal justice mandates on local law enforcement actors, much less to leverage Byrne JAG funding to require participation in the enforcement of civil immigration laws. To the contrary, the statute’s structure, purpose, and history all confirm that Congress intended the Department to defer to state and local policy choices. The Byrne JAG program is largely a formula grant created for criminal law enforcement, and the statutory structure reflects that purpose. See 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1) (authorizing the
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Attorney General to “make grants to States and units of local government” to support “criminal justice,” but “in accordance with the formula established under section 3755 of this title”). By statute, the Attorney General may design a “form” for Byrne JAG applications, “reasonably require” applicants to “maintain and report . . . data, records, and information (programmatic and financial),” and develop a “program assessment component.” See id.; 34 U.S.C. §§ 1015253. Congress specified a few prohibited uses of Byrne JAG funding, but generally allows states and localities to adapt the program’s funding to their specific needs. See 34 U.S.C. § 10152(d) (listing prohibited uses); H.R. Rep. No. 109-233, at 89 (explaining that Congress’s purpose was to “give State and local governments more flexibility”). Options, not mandates, are the bedrock of the Byrne JAG program.
The Byrne JAG program’s purpose and history also confirm that Congress did not authorize the Attorney General to impose civil immigration enforcement mandates on grantees. Since 2005, when Congress created the program, its focus has been on improving the criminal justice system, including policing, adjudication, and incarceration, not on immigration policy. See 34 U.S.C. § 10152. It would run counter to the program’s purpose to permit the Attorney General to use it as a tool to carry out the Administration’s immigration agenda. In fact, Congress has declined to adopt any conditions on Byrne JAG funding related to immigration enforcement, despite numerous attempts to do so by individual legislators. See, e.g., Enforce the Law for Sanctuary Cities Act, H.R. 3009, 114th Cong. § 3(b) (2015); Stop Sanctuary Cities Act, S. 1814, 114th Cong. § 2(b)(2) (2015).
In light of the Byrne JAG statute’s text, structure, purpose, and legislative history, something more than stray, generic statutory phrases would be required to authorize the Department’s new conditions. See Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 17. The Attorney General relies on
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34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 3712(a)(6)), which provides the power to “plac[e] special conditions on . . . grants” and “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants,” but this provision does nothing more than assign to the Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs whatever “powers and functions [are] vested in [the AAG] pursuant to this title or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants.” This provision would only be relevant if Congress had vested statutory authority in either the Attorney General or the Assistant Attorney General to implement any of the Department’s immigration-related Byrne JAG requirements. But Congress did not do so. See Chicago, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149847, at *16-22 (rejecting the Department of Justice’s claim that § 10102(a)(6) conferred freewheeling authority on the agency to create new conditions on Byrne JAG funding).13
Next, the Attorney General contends that it may require Byrne JAG grantees to certify their compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 pursuant to 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), which states, in the course of describing various requirements associated with an application for Byrne JAG funding, that applicants must certify compliance with the Byrne JAG statute and “all other applicable Federal laws.” The Attorney General apparently reads this provision to confer on the Department of Justice unlimited discretion to convert into grant conditions any of the thousands of laws that apply to states and localities. This interpretation is wrong for several reasons.
13 In the same Act that added the language in § 10102(a)(6), Congress set forth a number of new conditions on grant funds, none of which are related to immigration enforcement. See generally Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005, H.R. 3402, Pub. L. No. 109-162, 119 Stat. 2960 (2006). Congress also identified other factors—unrelated to immigration enforcement— that are given priority in the allocation of formula grants. See, e.g., id. § 505(f). Some cross-cutting spending conditions that Congress has approved include those related to compliance with various civil rights and nondiscrimination laws. See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. § 2000d (prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in “any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance”); 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-1 (protecting free exercise rights of institutionalized persons in any “program or activity that receives Federal financial assistance”).
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First, § 10153(a)(5)(D) does not itself clearly impose compliance with every potentially applicable federal law as a condition on Byrne JAG funding.14 There is a critical difference between expecting grant applicants to certify that they follow federal law, on the one hand, and authorizing the Department of Justice to convert such a certification requirement into an indefinite number of spending conditions, on the other. If Congress intended to authorize new, substantive spending conditions through § 10153(a)(5)(D), then it would have had to speak far more clearly. Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 17 (“[I]f Congress intends to impose a condition on the grant of federal moneys, it must do so unambiguously.”); see also Whitman v. Am. Trucking Ass’ns, 531 U.S. 457, 468 (2001) (“Congress . . . does not alter the fundamental details of a regulatory scheme in vague terms or ancillary provisions—it does not, one might say, hide elephants in mouseholes.”).
Second, “all other applicable Federal laws” plainly does not mean all federal laws. More likely, it refers only to laws that, like other “provisions of” the Byrne JAG program, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), apply to federal grantees as grantees or are otherwise intrinsic to administration of the program. Moreover, to comply with the Constitution, spending conditions must be “related” to the federal purposes that the grant program was established to pursue. Dole, 483 U.S. at 207-08. The Attorney General’s interpretation of “all other applicable Federal laws” to extend to provisions of the U.S. code, such as 8 U.S.C. § 1373, that are not germane to the purposes Byrne JAG program cannot be squared with that constitutional limit. 34 U.S.C.
14 In contrast, Congress used explicit language to impose certain requirements as funding conditions in Dole and NFIB. The statute at issue in Dole directed the Secretary of Transportation to withhold allocated highway funding from “any State . . . in which the purchase or public possession . . . of any alcoholic beverage by a person who is less than twenty-one years of age is lawful.” 23 U.S.C. § 158(a)(1)(A). In NFIB, the law allowed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to declare that “further payments will not be made to the State,” 42 U.S.C. § 1396c, if a given State’s Medicaid plan did not comply with Affordable Care Act requirements.
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§ 10153(a)(5)(D) should be construed narrowly to avoid the constitutional problem. See also infra at 17-18 (discussing germaneness requirement).
The danger of allowing the Department of Justice to determine unilaterally what a law like 8 U.S.C. § 1373 means for states and localities and withhold funding on that basis became clear last week when the Department issued its Byrne JAG § 1373 letters. Even though § 1373’s plain text is limited only to information about “citizenship or immigration status,” see Steinle v. San Francisco, 230 F. Supp. 3d 994, 1015 (N.D. Cal. 2017) (holding that “no plausible reading of [Section 1373] encompasses the release date of an undocumented inmate”), the Department found Philadelphia in violation of the statute due to the City’s policy limiting the circumstances in which local officials can provide federal immigration authorities with advance notice of a person’s release from custody.15
In fact, there is nothing in 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D)’s text or legislative history to suggest Congress intended to authorize an indefinite number of new spending conditions through the “all other applicable Federal laws” language. If the Attorney General has authority to select from among the myriad potentially applicable laws in any given fiscal year, then states and localities would lack meaningful notice and opportunity to plan their budgets. See Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 17-18. And the Department’s interpretation of § 10153(a)(5)(D) offers no principle that would limit the discretion it claims under the statute.
15 Letter from Alan R. Hanson, Acting Ass’t Att’y Gen’l, Office of Justice Programs to Jim Kenney, Mayor, City of Phila. 1 (Oct. 11, 2017) (“Philadelphia § 1373 Letter”), available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1003046/download. In stretching § 1373 to encompass policies limiting the circumstances under which local officials will provide notification of an individual’s release date, the Department has rendered the textual limits of the statute meaningless. The Department’s approach flies in the face of well-established principles of statutory interpretation and seems to confirm fears that the statute will be used to undermine state and local sovereignty under the Tenth Amendment. See infra at 18-19.
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In Chicago v. Sessions, the court found that § 10153(a)(5)(D) could be read to permit the condition that grantees comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS at *23-26. But the court did not apply Pennhurst’s clear-statement rule. Nor did it appear to consider that Congress has expressly and repeatedly declined to pass legislation conditioning Byrne JAG funding on compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, or that Congress has elsewhere used the same statutory text— “all other applicable Federal laws”—to apply narrowly to obligations imposed upon grantees and the “applicable” objectives of a particular funding stream.16 This Court should decline to follow this aspect of the Chicago decision because it cannot be squared with neither Congress’s intent in enacting the Byrne JAG program nor the constitutional requirement that spending conditions be germane to the purposes of the spending program.
B. Congress Cannot Authorize the Attorney General to Violate Constitutional Limits on the Federal Government’s Spending Power
There are additional reasons why the Court should reject the Attorney General’s unilateral imposition of immigration-related conditions on Byrne JAG funding. Even if Congress had authorized the conditions at issue here, such conditions would raise at least two serious constitutional problems. Thus, to avoid an interpretation of the Byrne JAG statute that would violate constitutional limits on Congress’s spending power, the Court should construe the
16 The Comprehensive Opioid Abuse Grant Program, for example, requires a certification that the applicant “will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10702(3)(D). In implementing this statutory requirement, the Department certainly has not required an applicant to certify compliance with any and all federal laws that might apply to them. See U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Comprehensive Opioid Abuse Sitebased Program FY 2017 Competitive Grant Announcement, OMB No. 1121-0329, at 43 (Jan. 24, 2017), available at https://www.bja.gov/funding/CARA17.pdf. Congress has also required federal compliance certifications with substantially identical language in a variety of other arenas. See, e.g., 23 U.S.C. § 108 (grants for real estate acquisitions to facilitate transportation projects); 25 U.S.C. § 4112 (grants for Indian tribal housing); Pub. L. No. 113-121, 128 Stat. 1193, 1244-45 (2014) (grants for feasibility studies for various water-related projects).
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statute narrowly. See DeBartolo Corp. v. Fla. Gulf Coast Bldg. & Const. Trades Council, 485 U.S. 568, 575 (1988).
First, when Congress authorizes a spending condition, it must be “germane[]” to the grant’s public purposes. Dole, 483 U.S. at 207-08 & 208 n.3. If not, the condition is an unconstitutional regulation of states and localities. See N. Ill. Chapter of Assoc. Builders & Contractors, Inc. v. Lavin, 431 F.3d 1004, 1006 (7th Cir. 2005) (“Conditions on spending may become regulation if they affect conduct other than the financed project.”). Here, the immigration-related conditions are not germane to the purpose of Byrne JAG grants. The Byrne JAG grant is a criminal justice program intended to provide states and localities with flexibility in criminal justice policy. The immigration-related conditions are unrelated to, and indeed inconsistent with, that purpose.
Immigration enforcement is not co-extensive with crime control, and should not be treated as such. Indeed, as the International Association of Police Chiefs recently explained, entangling local police with immigration enforcement may impede efforts to combat violent crime. “Police Chiefs to Trump: Don’t Punish Sanctuary Cities,” NBC News (Mar. 29, 2017), available at https://perma.cc/L4BD-7G9H.17 The Administration’s effort to paint immigrants with a broad brush of criminality has been part and parcel of its strategy to maximize immigration enforcement. At times it has taken on an explicitly racialized tone. Trump began his campaign by branding Mexican immigrants as rapists and drug dealers.18 He then perpetuated this identification of immigrants with criminality in his attack on sanctuary cities and
17 See also Tom Wong, The Effects of Sanctuary Policies on Crime and the Economy, National Immigration Law Center, at 6 (Jan. 26, 2017), available at https://perma.cc/B57Q-XGTE (finding that “[c]rime is . . . significantly lower in sanctuary counties compared to nonsanctuary counties”).
18 Here’s Donald Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech, Time (June 16, 2015), available at http://time.com/3923128/donald-trump-announcement-speech/.
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the “needless deaths” they have supposedly caused,19 comments that Attorney General Sessions echoes when he blames sanctuary cities for the deaths of “[c]ountless Americans.”20 While the myth of immigrant criminality—which at times has taken on an explicitly racialized tone21—may be a particularly persistent one,22 it is unsupported by empirical evidence and “undermin[es] the
development of reasoned public responses to both immigration and crime.” Rubén Rumbaut &
Walter Ewing, The Myth of Immigrant Criminality and the Paradox of Assimilation, Immigration
Policy Center (2007). It does not provide a sound basis upon which to conclude that the
Attorney General’s spending conditions are germane to the purposes of the Byrne JAG program.
Second, the Attorney General’s information-sharing condition raises Tenth Amendment
problems. Compliance with this condition could easily lead to the diversion of the resources of
several full-time employees in a large urban police force or corrections agency. Denying states
and localities authority to supervise their officials may cripple their ability to “regulate in
accordance with the views of the local electorate.” New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 169
(1992). Moreover, § 1373 appears to deny states and localities the prerogative to decline “to
provide information that belongs to the State and is available to [officers] only in their official
19 August Speech, supra note 1; see also Christopher Ingraham, Trump says sanctuary cities are hotbeds of crime. Data say the opposite, The Washington Post (Jan. 27, 2017), available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/01/27/trump-says-sanctuary-cities-are-hotbeds-ofcrime-data-say-the-opposite/.
20 U.S. Dept. of Justice, Attorney General Jeff Sessions Delivers Remarks (Mar. 27, 2017), available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-jeff-sessions-delivers-remarkssanctuary-jurisdictions.
21 See Christopher N. Lasch, Sanctuary Cities and Dog-Whistle Politics, 42 New Eng. J. on Crim. & Civ. Confinement 159, 173-75 (2016) (describing use of death of Kate Steinle during the Trump campaign); Complaint, States of New York, Massachusetts, et al. v. Donald Trump et al., No. 1:17-cv05228, ECF No. 1, at 45-48 (E.D.N.Y. Sep. 6, 2017) (recounting Trump’s “history of disparaging Mexicans”).
22 See S. Karthick Ramakrishnan & Pratheepan Gulasekaram, The Importance of the Political in Immigration Federalism, 44 Ariz. St. L.J. 1431, 1452-53, 1474-75 (2012) (explaining why myths about immigrant criminality and sanctuary cities persist).
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capacity.” Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 932 n.17 (1997) (striking down statute with information-sharing provision). This raises additional Tenth Amendment concerns.23 Any reading of what § 1373 requires must be construed against the backdrop of these constitutional limits.24 The Attorney General’s broad interpretation of § 1373, as exhibited in last week’s letter to Philadelphia, does not respect the constitutional principles of state sovereignty and limited executive authority.
CONCLUSION Federal agencies play an important role in implementing spending programs, but not by creating new spending conditions whenever it suits the Administration’s policy preferences. Permitting an agency such unbridled authority “would threaten the political accountability key to our federal system.” NFIB, 567 U.S. at 578. Amici urge the Court to reject the Attorney General’s latest bid for unilateral executive power and grant Philadelphia’s motion for a preliminary injunction.
23 See Robert A. Mikos, Can the States Keep Secrets from the Federal Government?, 161 U. Pa. L. Rev. 103, 159-64 (2012) (arguing that information-sharing statutes such as Section 1373 violate anticommandeering principle of Printz); cf. City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29, 36-37 (2d Cir. 1999) (declining to strike down 8 U.S.C. § 1373 but explaining how a challenge under the Tenth Amendment could succeed if it a municipality could show the disclosure of information unduly interfered with its ability to carry out local government functions).
24 See, e.g., Letter to Bob Goodlatte, Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives et al. (Sept. 26, 2016), available at http://docs.house.gov/meetings/JU/JU01/20160927/105392/HHRG-114-JU01-20160927SD003.pdf (cataloguing constitutional concerns).
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Dated: October 19, 2017

Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Harry Sandick
HARRY SANDICK (pro hac vice pending) JAMISON DAVIES (pro hac vice pending) MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ (pro hac vice pending) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP 1133 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 hsandick@pbwt.com jmdavies@pbwt.com mschwartz@pbwt.com
/s/ Ira N. Richards
IRA N. RICHARDS (PA Bar No. 501879) Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP 1600 Market St., Suite 3600 Philadelphia, PA 19103 irichards@schnader.com

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APPENDIX A*
Muneer I. Ahmad Clinical Professor of Law and Deputy Dean for Experiential Education Yale Law School
Amna Akbar Assistant Professor of Law The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law
Deborah Anker Clinical Professor of Law Harvard Law School
Sabi Ardalan Assistant Clinical Professor Harvard Law School
Caitlin Barry Assistant Professor of Law Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law
Lenni Benson Professor of Law New York Law School
Jason Cade Associate Professor of Law University of Georgia Law School
Kristina M. Campbell Jack and Lovell Olender Professor of Law Co-Director, Immigration and Human Rights Clinic University of the District of Columbia David A. Clarke School of Law
Benjamin Casper Sanchez Director, James H. Binger Center for New Americans University of Minnesota Law School
R. Linus Chan Associate Clinical Professor of Law University of Minnesota Law School
* Amici curiae appear in their individual capacities; institutional affiliations are provided here for identification purposes only.
A-1

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 77 Filed 11/15/17 Page 29 of 34
Erwin Chemerinsky Dean and Jesse H. Choper Distinguished Professor of Law University of California, Berkeley School of Law
Holly S. Cooper Co-Director, Immigration Law Clinic University of California, Davis School of Law
Ericka Curran Immigration Clinic Faculty Florida coastal School of law
Seth Davis Assistant Professor of Law University of California, Irvine School of Law
Ingrid V. Eagly Professor of Law UCLA School of Law
Richard Frankel Associate Professor of Law Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law
César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández Associate Professor of Law University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Denise Gilman Clinical Professor Director, Immigration Clinic University of Texas School of Law
Joanne Gottesman Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Immigrant Justice Clinic Rutgers Law School
Dina Francesca Haynes Professor of Law New England Law
Laila L. Hlass Professor of Practice Tulane University School of Law
A-2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 77 Filed 11/15/17 Page 30 of 34
Geoffrey A. Hoffman Director University of Houston Law Ctr. Immigration Clinic
Kari Hong Assistant Professor and Founder, Ninth Circuit Appellate Program Boston College Law School
Aziz Huq Frank and Bernice J. Greenberg Professor of Law University of Chicago Law School
Anil Kalhan Associate Professor of Law Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law
Ramzi Kassem Professor of Law CUNY School of Law
Elizabeth Keyes Associate Professor University of Baltimore School of Law
Jennifer Lee Koh Professor of Law Western State College of Law
Hiroko Kusuda Clinic Professor Loyola New Orleans College of Law
Annie Lai Assistant Clinical Professor of Law University of California, Irvine School of Law
Christopher N. Lasch Associate Professor of Law University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Jennifer J. Lee Assistant Clinical Professor of Law Temple University Beasley School of Law
A-3

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Peter L. Markowitz Professor of Law Kathryn O. Greenberg Immigration Justice Clinic, Director Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Toni M. Massaro Regent's Professor and Milton O. Riepe Chair in Constitutional Law University of Arizona James E Rogers College of Law
Elizabeth McCormick Associate Clinical Professor of Law University of Tulsa College of Law
Vanessa Merton Professor of Law Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University
Nancy Morawetz Professor of Clinical Law Co-Director, Immigrant Rights Clinic NYU School of Law
Hiroshi Motomura Susan Westerberg Prager Professor of Law School of Law University of California, Los Angeles
Karen Musalo Professor University of California, Hastings College of the Law
Nina Rabin Clinical Professor of Law Director, Bacon Immigration Law and Policy Program James E. Rogers College of Law, University of Arizona
Jaya Ramji-Nogales Professor Temple Law School
Andrea Ramos Clinical Professor of Law Director of Immigration Law Clinic Southwestern Law School
A-4

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 77 Filed 11/15/17 Page 32 of 34
Victor C. Romero Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Maureen B. Cavanaugh Distinguished Faculty Scholar & Professor of Law Penn State Law (University Park)
Carrie Rosenbaum Adjunct Professor Golden Gate University School of Law
Rachel E. Rosenbloom Professor of Law Co-Director, Immigrant Justice Clinic Northeastern University School of Law
Ragini N. Shah Clinical Professor of Law Suffolk University Law School
Rebecca Sharpless Clinical Professor Roger Schindler Fellow Director, Immigration Clinic University of Miami School of Law
Sarah Sherman-Stokes Associate Director, Immigrants' Rights and Human Trafficking Program Boston University School of Law
Dan R. Smulian Associate Professor of Clinical Law Brooklyn Law School
Ilya Somin Professor of Law George Mason University, Antonin Scalia Law School
Juliet P. Stumpf Robert E. Jones Professor of Advocacy and Ethics Lewis & Clark Law School
David B. Thronson Professor of Law Michigan State University College of Law
A-5

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 77 Filed 11/15/17 Page 33 of 34
Philip L. Torrey Managing Attorney Harvard Immigration and Refugee Clinical Program Harvard Law School
Laurence H. Tribe Carl M. Loeb University Professor and Professor of Constitutional Law Harvard Law School
Enid Trucios-Haynes Professor of Law Brandeis School of Law
Yolanda Vázquez Associate Professor of Law University of Cincinnati College of Law
Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia Samuel Weiss Faculty Scholar Director, Center for Immigrants’ Rights Clinic Penn State Law- University Park
Jonathan Weinberg Professor of Law Wayne State University
Virgil Wiebe Professor of Law Robins Kaplan Director of Clinical Education Co-Director, Interprofessional Center University of St. Thomas (MN)
Michael J. Wishnie William O. Douglas Clinical Professor of Law Yale Law School
Stephen Wizner William O. Douglas Clinical Professor Emeritus Yale Law School
Stephen W. Yale-Loehr Professor of Immigration Law Practice Cornell Law School
A-6

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 77 Filed 11/15/17 Page 34 of 34
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on October 19, 2017, I electronically filed the foregoing Brief Amici Curiae of Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, and Immigration Law Scholars in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction using the CM/ECF system, which will send notification of such filing to all parties of record.
/s/ Ira N. Richards Attorney for Amici Curiae

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 1 of 21

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
ZG!l rCT , crq~ ':m;:~~ ~ASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

·','
THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, Plaintiff, vs.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General ofthe United States,
Defendant.

) ) ) ) ) ) ) Case No. 2:17-cv-3894-MMB ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE THE AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF PENNSYLVANIA, NATIONAL IMMIGRANT JUSTICE CENTER, ET AL. IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF'S
MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

Mark Fleming Katherine E. Melloy Goettel NATIONAL IMMIGRANT JUSTICE CENTER 208 S. LaSalle Street, Suite 1300 Chicago, Illinois 60604 (312) 660-1628
Molly Tack-Hooper ACLU OF PENNSYLVANIA P.O. Box 60173 Philadelphia, PA 19103 (212) 592-1513 x 113

Spencer E.W. Amdur Cody H. Wofsy AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION-IMMIGRANTS' RIGHTS PROJECT 39 Drumm St., 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94111 (415) 343-1198
Counsel for Amici Curiae

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 2 of 21
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE ............ .... ......... .... ... ..... ....... .................. ... ..... ............. ........ ... ...... ii INTRODUCTION ...... ... .. ............... ......... ......... ........ ..................... ................ ................................. l ARGUMENT ...... ........ ... .... ........ ... ... ................ ........... ....... ... ....... ....... ...... .. .................................... 2
I. The Attorney General's New JAG Cond itions Are Part of a Larger Escalation in Federal Effo rts to Coerce Local Immigration Assistance.. ....................... ........ .... ....................... .... ... 2 A. Federa l Efforts to Use Local Resources Have Increased over the Last Decade...... 2 B. Federal Enlistment of Loca l Police Has Eroded Community Policing Strategies and Prompted Pol icies Like Philade lphia' s............. .. ........ ..... .. .......... ..... ............ ..... 5 C. Federal Attempts to Conscript Local Po lice Have Esca lated Dramatically in Recent Months...................... ... ... ..................... ....................... ..... ............................... .. ........ 7
JI. The Attorney General Lacks Statutory Authority to Impose the New JAG Conditions.... 10 CONCLUSION ......................... .. .......................................... .. ... ........ .... .. .. ................ ........... ........ 15 APPENDIX A: LIST OF AMJCI CURIAE ....................... ..... ..... .... ................................. ...... ..... A-1

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 3 of 21 INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE
Amici curiae , listed in an appendix in Ex. A to this brief, respectfully submit this brief in support of the City of Philadelphia. Amici include immigration-focused civil rights and legal organizations that litigate and advocate on behalf of the individuals and communities who are the ultimate targets of the policies being challenged in this case. Amici have a substantial, shared interest in the Court' s resolution of Philadelphia' s claims. This Court will decide issues that have a direct impact on local laws and policies that amici have campaigned for in states and municipalities across the country. These policies promote public safety, foster trust between law enforcement and immigrant communities, and ensure that limited law enforcement resources are allocated to local public-safety priorities. Amici are well-positioned to explain the broader legal and policy context surrounding the Department of Justice' s new and unprecedented Byrne Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) funding condition
II

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 4 of 21
INTRODUCTION The Attorney General seeks to exercise an extraordinary new authority to use funds appropriated by Congress as leverage to force police chiefs and sheriffs to adopt his own preferred immigration policies. No Attorney General has ever claimed such a sweeping power under the JAG program. Amici submit this brief for two related reasons: (1) to provide the historical context surrounding this latest attempt to coerce local enforcement assistance, and (2) to explain that basic federalism and statutory construction principles preclude the Attorney General 's claimed statutory authority to dictate local policing decisions using JAG funds. The statutory claims in this case arise against the backdrop of several important constitutional rules. " [T]he Constitution has never been understood to confer upon [the federal government] the ability to require the States to govern according to [its] instructions." New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 162 (1992). This is true whether federal compulsion comes directly or through the coercive use of federal funds. See Nat 'l Fed. of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 580-81 (2012). To ensure that those boundaries are not Iightly crossed, courts will only find that Congress intended to override the normal scope of local self-government when that intention is "unmistakably clear in the language of the statute." Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452, 460 (1991) (quotation marks omitted). In particular, the clearest statement of intent is required before a statute can authorize federal intrusion into areas of "traditional state authority," such as policing. Bondv. United States, 134 S. Ct. 2077, 2089 (2014). No such clear statement suppot1s the Attorney General ' s unprecedented new JAG conditions. He primarily grounds his claimed power on one statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which contemplates authority to impose "special conditions. " But that phrase is a narrow term of art referring to conditions that ensure grantees comply with existing requirements. It does not

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 5 of 21

encompass the far-more-intrusive authority to impose conditions that require cities and states to

adopt new substantive policies of the agency's choosing. This was the accepted meaning at the

time Congress enacted § 10102(a)(6), and it is reflected across multiple statutes, regulations,

rulemakings, and treatises.

Before addressing the meaning of "special conditions," amici detail the recent context in

which the new JAG conditions arose. That history provides crucial background for understanding

policies like Philadelphia' s, and for reviewing the Attorney General's latest- and most severe-

attempt to override them.

ARGUMENT

I.

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S NEW JAG CONDITIONS ARE PART OF A LARGER

ESCALATION IN FEDERAL EFFORTS TO COERCE LOCAL IMMIGRATION ASSISTANCE.

Local governments have a constitutionally-protected right not to lend their resources and

authority to help enforce a federal regulatory program. Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 931-

32 & n.15 (1997). Neve11heless, the federal government has applied increasingly severe means in

an attempt to force local police to shoulder the burdens of immigration enforcement, especially in

recent months. At the very least, this history raises troubling concerns for "the etiquette of

federalism" that the Supreme Court has espoused. United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 583

(1995) (Kennedy, J., concurring) (explaining that the federal government should not direct a state

"to enact a certain policy" or "to organize its governmental functions in a certain way").

A. Federal Efforts to Use Local Resources Have Increased over the Last Decade.

For decades, federal immigration agents performed the bulk of tasks necessary to enforce

the federal immigration laws, and seldom called on local police to devote their own time, money,

or community resources. This started to change in the mid-2000s, when Immigration and Customs

Enforcement (ICE) began to systematically target individuals encountered by local police. For

2

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 6 of 21
years, this was primarily accomplished throu gh the Criminal A lien Program, in which ICE monitors state and local prisons and jai Is to identify individual s who may be deportable. 1
Federal agencies ' efforts to divert local resources to immigration enforcement began to increase dramatically in 2008, when ICE rolled out a program called Secure Communities. Through Secure Communities, every time a loca l agency sends an indi vidual 's fin gerprints to the FBI to check for criminal warrants, those fin gerprints and booking information (including country of birth and citizenship, if collected) is shared automatically with ICE to check for poss ible removability. 2 ICE championed the program as a "force-multiplier" by which it could " leverage" local police forces nationwide. 3 ICE originally presented the progra m as vo luntary, 4 but after states started backing out--citing serious concerns that the program was di sproportionately targeting people with little to no criminal hi story- ICE reversed course and decided to make participation compulsory. 5
Because states and localities cannot effective ly opt out of Secure Communities, every time local police make an arrest, the perso n's fingerprints are run through federal immigration databases. The progra m has transform ed local officers across the country into involuntary
1 Congressional Research Service, "Interior Immi gration E nfo rcement: Criminal Ali en Programs," at I0 (Sept. 8, 2016), available at https://fas .org/sgp/crs/homesec/R44627 .pdf.
ICE, " Secure Co mmunities: Standard Operating Procedures" (2009), available at https://www. ice.gov/doc!ib/foi a/secure_communities/securecommun itiesops93009 .pdf. 3 CCE, Press Release, Secreta1y Napolitano and !CE Assistant Secreta1y Mo rton Announce That the Secure Communities Initiative Identified More Than I I l ,000 Criminal Aliens in !ts First Year (Nov. 12, 2009), available at https://www.dh s.gov/news/2009/ 11/ I2/secure-com muniti es-initiative-identified-mo re- 1 l I000-criminal-aliens-itsfirst-year; Supra note 2. 4 See supra note 2; ICE, FOIA Library, "Sec ure Communities-Memorandum s of Agreement/Understanding," available at https://www .ice.gov/foia/library . 5 See Kirk Semple & Julia Preston, Deal To Share Fingerprints ls Dropped, Not Program, N.Y. T imes (Aug. 6, 20 1l), http ://www. nytim es .com/201 1/08/06/us/ 06immig. html. The program is effectively co mpul sory because it operates by drawing fin gerprints from the FBI's backgro und check system, which every law e nforce ment agency in the country utilizes and no ne can forego as a practical matter.
3

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 7 of 21
frontline immigration agents. By February 2015 , ICE had screened over 47 million local fingerprint checks. 6
Once it was able to access information about arrestees from local law enforcement
agencies, ICE began trying to use localities' arrest and detention capabilities as well. Over the last
decade, the agency has increasingly relied on "immigration detainers," which are requests to hold a person for ICE after the person would normally be released from local custody. 7 Over the last
decade, the number of detainers sent to local jails has skyrocketed. In FY 2005, ICE issued 7,090 detainers; by FY 2012, that number had shot up by a factor of 40, to 276,181. 8 As a result, law
enforcement could no longer credibly claim that contact with them would not lead to immigration
consequences. This caused immigrant communities across the country to live in fear of their own
police.
That fear was bolstered by the fact that ICE placed the vast majority of detainers on people
with little to no criminal record. According to ICE's own data, nearly half of all detainers in 2012
targeted people with no criminal record at all, and almost two-thirds targeted people with either no convictions or only very minor ones, such as traffic offenses. 9
6 ICE, " Secure Communities Nationwide Interoperability Statistics-Year to Date FY2015 " (Feb. 28 , 2015), available at http://altgov2 .org/wp-content/uploads/TCE_ secure-communities_ stats_2009-2015.pdf?7ba951&7ba95 I . The Obama Administration formally ended the Secure Communities program in November 2014, but kept its main fingerprint-sharing feature. The Trump Administration has formally reinstated the program. See White House, Executive Order 13768, Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, § 10 (Jan. 25 , 2017). 7 See OHS Form l-247A, https ://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2017/1-247A.pdf. Until June 2015, the immigration detainer form requested detention for up to 48 hours, excluding weekends and holidays, thus up to 5 days. It now asks for two days of detention. 8 Transactional Record Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), Detainer Use Stabilizes Under Priority Enforcement Program, Tbl. I (Jan. 21 , 2016), available at http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/413/. From 2014-2016, detainer use dropped because of new federal priorities guidelines. The Trump administration has eliminated those guidelines, leading ICE ' s detainer use to climb again . TRAC, "Use ofICE Detainers Obama v. Trump" (Aug. 30, 2017), available at http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/479/. 9 TRAC, "Few ICE detainers Target Serious Criminals," Tb!. 3 (Sept. 17. 2013), available at http: //trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/330/.
4

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 8 of 21

These federal efforts have also proved costly to local governments themselves. By prolonging detention for people in local custody who would otherwise be released, immigration detainers are expensive for local jails, which must allocate bed spaces and cover additional medical, staff, and food costs. ICE has explicitly refused to reimburse these costs. 10 Local governments have also faced significant financial liability in cases where ICE has made mistakes, such as asking police and sheriffs to detain U.S. citizens for immigration purposes. 11 See, e.g., Morales v. Chadbourne, 235 F. Supp. 3d 388, 398 (D.R.I. 2017); Davila v. United States, 247 F. Supp. 3d 650, 666-67 (W.D. Pa. 2017). For instance, in 2010, amici the ACLU and ACLU of Pennsylvania sued on behalf of Ernesto Galarza, a Hispanic U.S. citizen who was held illegally for three days in the Lehigh County Prison pursuant to an ICE detainer. See Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634, 636-38 (3d Cir. 2014) (holding that ICE could not force locality to honor a detainer). All of the defendants ultimately settled the case.
B. Federal Enlistment of Local Police Has Eroded Community Policing
Strategies and Prompted Policies Like Philadelphia's. The threat of immigration enforcement injected into every police encounter has had severely negative effects on community policing. For example, a 2012 University of IllinoisChicago survey found that 44% of Latinos (including U.S. citizens and documented immigrants) reported "they are less likely to contact police officers if they have been the victim of a crime

10 Letter to Santa C lara County, from David Venturella, Assistant Dir., Secure Communities, Department ofHomeland

Security ("ICE does not reimburse localities for detaining any individual until ICE has assumed actual custody of the

ind ivid ual." ),

available

at

https ://imm igra ntj ustice.org/sites/imm igra ntj ustice.org/fi les/ Detainers%20-

%2 OICE%20 res ponse%20to%20Santa%20CI ara. pdf.

11 ICE acknowledges that it has mistakenly placed hundreds of detainers on U.S. citizens in recent years. See, e.g., TRAC, ICE Detainers Placed on U.S. Citizens and Legal Permanent Residents, Feb . 20, 2013 (documenting 834 detainers on U.S. citizens), http ://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/3 l I/; Eyder Peralta, You Say You 're an American,
but What if You Had to Prove It or Be Deported?, NPR (Dec. 22, 20 16) (documenting "693 U.S. citizens [who] were
held in local jails on federal detainers" ), http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/ 12/22/50403 I 635/yo u-say-
you-re-an-american-but-what-if-you-had-to-prove-it-or-be-deported .

5

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 9 of 21
because they fear that police officers will use this interaction as an opportunity to inquire into their
immigration status or that of people they know"; that number rose to 70% for undocumented immigrants surveyed. 12 Other reports from the last year have demonstrated even more alanning decreases in some communities' access to police services. 13 Philadelphia, for instance,
experienced "a marked decline in crime reports from Latinos relative to those from non-Latinos in the first three months of2017." 14
Even ICE' s own "Task Force on Secure Communities" warned that Secure Communities'
use of local police was "disrupting police-community relationships that are important to public safety and national security. " 15 The President ' s Task Force on 21st Century Policing went further
in recommending that in the interest of community policing, " [t]he U.S. Department of Homeland
Security should terminate the use of the state and local criminal justice system, including through
detention, notification, and transfer requests, to enforce civil immigration laws against civil and nonserious criminal offenders." 16 Yet ICE continues to push local police to help deport thousands of people every month, close to 70% of whom have minor or no criminal records. 17
12 Nik Theodore, Insecure Communities : Latino Perceptions of Police Involvement in Immigration Enforcement, at i, 5 (May 2013), available at http ://www.policylink.org/sites/default/files/INSECURE_COMMUNlTJES_ REPORT_FINAL.PDF. 13 See, e.g., James Queall y, Fearing Deportation, Many Domestic Violence Victims Are Steering Clear ofPolice and Courts, L.A. Times, Oct. 9, 2017, http ://www.latimes .com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-undocumented-crime-reporting20171009-story.html. 14 Rob Arthur, FiveThirtyEight, Latinos in Three Cities Are Rep orting Fewer Crimes Since Trump Took Office, May 18, 20 17, https://fiveth irtyeight.com/features/lati nos-report-fewer-crimes-in-three-cities-am id-fears-of-deportation/. 15 Homeland Security Advi sory Council , "Task Force on Secure Communities: Findings and Recommendations," Ch. LY (Sept. 2011 ), available at https ://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/hsac-task-force-on-secure-communities.pdf. 16 Dep 't of Justice, The President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing, Final Report, 1.9 Recommendation (May 2015), available al https://cops.usdoj .gov/pdJltaskforce/taskforce_finalreport.pdf. 17 TRAC, "Reforms of ICE Detainer Program Largely Ignored by Field Officers" (Aug. 9, 2016), available al http: //trac.syr.edu/ immigration/reports/432/; TRAC, "Use of ICE Detainers Obama v. Trump" (Aug. 30, 2017), available at http ://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/479/.
6

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 10 of 21

It is against this backdrop that cities like Philadelphia have adopted policies to restore the
line between their own local public-safety mission and federal immigration enforcement. In 2014,
Philadelphia Mayor Nutter signed an executive order directing Philadelphia detention facilities not to imprison people for the federal immigration authorities without a judicial warrant. 18 Other localities in Pennsylvania have followed suit. 19 Philadelphia policies also restrict when City
officials, including law enforcement agents, may ask about, collect, or release immigration status information from crime victims, witnesses, and people seeking access to C ity services .20
C. Federal Attempts to Conscript Local Police Have Escalated Dramatically in Recent Months.
In recent months, the Executive Branch has stepped up its attempts to make local
jurisdictions bear the costs of its deportation efforts. During his first week in office, President
Trump signed an executive order directing that the Attorney General and DHS Secretary:
shall ensure that [sanctuary jurisdictions] are not eligible to receive Federal grants, except as deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes by the Attorney General or the Secretary.. . . The Attorney General shal I take appropriate enforcement action against any entity ... which has in effect a statute, policy, or practice that prevents or hinders the enforcement of Federal law. 21
This was a frightening threat, because states and localities receive billions of dollars in federal
funding each year. But the truth was the President had no such authority, because the spending

18 Phila. Exec. Order No. 1-14, Policy Regarding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency Detainer Requests, available at http://www.phila.gov/Executive0rders/Executive%200rders/E0%201-14.pdf.

19 Sheller Center for Social Justice, Temple University Beasley School ofLaw, "A Changi ng Landscape: Pennsylvania

Counties

Reevaluate

Policies

on

Immigration

Detainers"

(March

2015) ,

https ://www2.law.temple.edu/csj/publication/a-changing-landscape-report/.

20 See Phila. Exec. Order No. 8-09, Policy Concerning Access of Immigrants to City Services, available at

http: //www.phila.gov/Executive0rders/Executive%200rders/2009_E008-09.pdf; Phila. Police Dep 't Mem. 01-06,

Departmental

Policy

Concerning

Immigrants,

available

at

https ://www.pabar.org/pub Iic/comm ittees/civi leq l/resol utions/Phi la_Pol ice_Memo.pdf.

2 1 Executive Order 13768: Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, § 9 (Jan. 25 , 20 l 7).

7

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 11 of 21
power is Congress ' s, not the President' s, see U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1, and because the federal government cannot use financial leverage to force states and localities to enforce federal priorities. See NFIB, 567 U.S. at 575-85. When cities and counties sued, DOI took the position that the Order had no operative effect, Santa Clara v. Trump, 2017 WL 1459081 , at *7 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25 , 2017), but the court concluded that the government's interpretation was "not legally plausible" and preliminarily enjoined the Order. Santa Clara v. Trump, 2017 WL 3086064, at *1-2 (N.D. Cal. July 20, 2017).
The administration has tried to coerce assistance in other ways as well. In May, DOJ demanded legal memoranda from a number of states and localities-including Philadelphia- to explain how they were in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 , which prohibits policies that " restrict" the sharing of " information regarding ... citizenship or immigration status. " 22 DOI made this demand without issuing any guidance of its own to explain what, in fact, it understood § 1373 to require. Meanwhile, the Attorney General held press conferences in which he strongly implied that§ 1373 prohibits anti-detainer policies,23 despite the statute's omission of any reference to detention . DOJ has, in fact, conceded in litigation that the statute does not require detainer comp Iiance. 24
To this day, DOI has not offered a full explanation of what it thinks § 1373 requires. Despite a constant barrage of threats tied to compliance with the statute since January, DOI
22 See Dep 't of Justice, Department ofJustice Sends l etter to Nine Jurisdictions Requiring ProofofCompliance with 8 U.S. C. § 13 73 (Apr. 21 , 2017), available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-sends-letter-ninej urisd ictions-req uiri ng-proof-comp Iiance-8-usc- I373. 23 See, e.g. , Dep 't of Justice, Justice News, Attorney General Jeff Sessions Delivers Remarks on Sanctuary Jurisdictions, Washington D.C. (Mar. 27, 2017), available at https ://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-generalj eff-sess ions-de Ii vers-remarks-sanctuary-j uri sd ictions . 24 See Defendants ' Opp. to Motion for Prelim. 1nj ., Dkt. 32, at 1, 5, City ofChicago v. Sessions, No. 5720 (N.D. Ill. filed Aug. 24, 2017).
8

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 12 of 21
withheld any guidance whatsoever until October 11 , when, without explanation, it informed most (but not all) recipients of its May letter that it now believes the statute covers not just citizenship and status information, but also information about detainees' custody status and release dates. 25 But see Steinle v. San Francisco, 230 F. Supp. 3d 994, 1015 (N.D. Cal. 2017) (" [N]o plausible reading of ' information regarding citizenship or immigration status ' encompasses the release date of an undocumented inmate.") (alteration omitted). The only public explanation DOJ has provided anywhere for this atextual and implausible interpretation is a single footnote of its recently-filed brief in this case. Gov ' t Br. 38 n.11 , ECF No. 28.
ICE, similarly, has publicly badgered local official s to lend their support to federal deportation efforts with pronouncements that are- like the January executive order- frightening but legally and factually unsupportable. The ICE Director has threatened criminal prosecution against officials who do not volunteer their officers to help him round up their residents. 26 And in March, ICE began publishing a weekly report of cherry-picked data about jurisdictions that had declined detainers in the previous week. The reports aimed to increase public pressure on local leaders, but did not acknowledge the widespread legal flaws courts have identified in the use of detainers or the many costs that have led official s to tum some of them down. 27 ICE was forced to discontinue these reports after widespread outrage from law enforcement, and after it become
25 Dep ' t of Justice, Press Release, Justice Department Provdes Last Chance f or Cities to Show 13 73 Compliance, Oct. 12, 2017, https ://www.justice. gov/opa/pr/justice-department-provides-last-chance-cities-show-13 73-compliance. 26 Stephen Dinan, ICE Chief Wants to Slap Smuggling Charges on l eaders ofSanctuary Cities, Wash. Times (July 26, 2017), available athttp://www.washingtontimes.com/news/201 7/jul/26/thomas-homan-ice-chief-says-immigrantsanctuaries-I 27 See Dep't of Homeland Sec., Press Release, DJ-IS Releases U.S. Immigration and Customs Enfo rcement Declined Detainer Outcome Report (Mar. 20, 2017), available at https ://www.dhs .gov/news/201 7/03/20/dhs-releases-usimmi gration-and-cu sto ms-enforcement-declined-detainer-o utcome-rep ort .
9

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 78 Filed 11/15/17 Page 13 of 21
clear that its data was remarkably inaccurate. 28 Most recently, ICE has begun trumpeting immigration raids in "sanctuary cities" as a way to pressure localities to cooperate. 29
The administration appears to be undaunted by its failed efforts to hector, pressure, and threaten localities into becoming extensions of the federal deportation system. Mere weeks before the FY 2017 JAG app li cation deadline, DOJ issued application materials with the three new immigration conditions that Philadelphia has challenged-48 hours ' notice of release, access to local jails and detention centers, and certified compli ance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. 30
II. The Attorney General Lacks Statutory Autho rity to Impose the New JAG Conditions.
This pattern of intrusive federa l attempts to conscript local governments and officers raises serious constitutional questions. But the Court need not resolve them in this case, because the Attorney General ' s new notice and access conditions find no basis in statute. 31 He invokes one statute, which, at most,32 contemplates authority to "plac[e] special conditions" on grants administered by the Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Justice Programs. 34 U.S.C . § 10102(a)(6). But the new conditions are not "special conditions" for purposes of the statute,
28 Ron N ixon, Trump Administration Halts Reports on Immigration Cooperation, N.Y. Times (Apr. 10, 2017), https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/1 O/ us/pol itics/trump-adm inistration-im migration .html?_r=O. 29 Miriam Jordan, Immigration Agents Arrest Hundreds in Sweep of Sanctuary Cities, N .Y. Times, Sept. 28, 2017 (I 07 arrests in Philade lphia), https ://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/us/ice-arrests-sanctuary-cities.html?_r=O. 30 Dep 't of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, "Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program : FY 2017 Local Solicitation," at 29-30 (released Aug. 3, 2017, with application deadline of September 5), available at https ://www.bja .gov/Funding/JAGLocal 17.pdf. 31 Amici do not address the Attorney General's new position that 8 U.S .C. § 1373 is an "app licable Federal law[)" for purposes of34 U.S.C. § l0153(a)(5)(D). Amici agree with Philadelphia ' s arguments on that issue. 32 As Philadelphia exp lains, the statute does not actually grant the Assistant Attorney General who administers JAG any new authority to impose "specia l conditions"; rather, it provides that he "may be vested" with that authority. 34 U.S.C. § 10 I02(a)(6) (emphasis added). The government points to no statute or regulation that in fact vests the Assistant Attorney General with that authority.
10

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because that term encompasses only a much narrower set of policies meant to ensure compliance with pre-existing grant conditions.
It is well-settled that "if a statute uses a legal term of art, [cowts] must presume Congress intended to adopt the term ' s ordinary legal meaning." Eaves v. Cty. of Cape May, 239 F.3d 527, 532 (3d Cir. 2001) (quotation marks omitted); see Sullivan v. Stroop, 496 U.S. 478, 482-83 (1990) ; Buckhannon Bd. & Care Home, Inc. v. West Va. Dep 't of Health & Human Res. , 532 U.S. 598, 615-16 (2001) (Scalia, J. , concurring) (explaining the term-of-art rule).
" Special conditions" is a term of art. When Congress enacted the current version of § 10102(a)(6) in 2006, the Department of Justice' s own regulations governing " [s]pecial grant or subgrant conditions" described them as intended for '" high-ri sk' grantees" who might have problems adhering to existing grant requirements. 28 C.F .R. § 66.12(a) (in effect from Mar. 11, 1988 until Dec. 25, 2014) (listing possible problems, including that the grantee " [i]s not financially stab le" or "[h]as not conformed to terms and conditions of previous awards"). The regulation provided a list of the "[s]pecial conditions or restrictions" that could be imposed, and provided that "corrective actions" by the grantee could lead to the special conditions being removed. Id. § 66.12(b), (c)(3) (2006). DOJ's regulation was based on the Office of Management and Budget's Circu lar A. 102- a government-wide gu idance document for grant-making agencies- which defined "special conditions" in the exact same way. See OMB, Circu lar A-102, § l(g) (Aug. 29, 1997). 33 Other agenc ies' regulations did the same. See, e.g., 7 C.F.R. § 550.10 (Department of Agricu lture); 34 C.F.R § 80.12 (Department of Education) ; 45 C.F.R. § 74.14 (Department of Health and Human Services); see also 20 U.S.C. § 1416(e)(l)(C) (d irecting agency to " impose special conditions" on "a high-risk grantee").
33 Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars_a 102.
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"Special conditions" have long been understood as a term of art. Both of the leading treatises on federal grant law define them as conditions intended to ensure that a grantee complies with existing requirements. One of them defines "special conditions" as those imposed on a '" high risk ' recipient" to ensure that the recipient "will successfully execute [the] grant." Allen, Federal Grant Practice (2017 ed.), § 25:4; see also id. §§ 25:1 (defining "'specific' or 'special' conditions"), 25 :2, 25 :5, 25 : l 0, 47:6. The other treatise contrasts "special conditions"- which address "special risks" of non-compliance-with "general conditions" and "cross-cutting conditions," both of which involve substantive requirements applicable to all grantees. Compare Dembling & Mason, Essentials of Grant Law Practice (1991), at 125-36 (special conditions), with id. at 121-24 (general conditions); id. at 107-19 (cross-cutting conditions). And as early as 1988, OMB itself warned that "[s]pecial [c]onditions"-intended for " [h]igh [r]isk" recipients onlyshould not be used as " loopholes" to "c ircumvent" normal grant-making rules and "impose additional or unwarranted requirements." OMB, Grants and Cooperative Agreements with State and Local Governments, 53 Fed. Reg. 8028-0 I , 8028 (Mar. 11, 1988).
Thus, when Congress referred to "special conditions" in enacting § 10 l 02(a)(6), it incorporated this tenn-of-art meaning. See Sekhar v. Un ited States, 133 S. Ct. 2720, 2724 (2013) (Congress " brings the old soil with it" when it enacts terms with accepted meanings) (quotation marks omitted); Shell Petrol. , Inc. v. United States, 182 F.3d 212, 217 (3d Cir. 1999) ("We ordinarily look to the meaning of a statutory term at the time the statute was adopted."). If Congress had meant to refer to any conditions, the word "special" would have been unnecessary. See Advocate Health Care Network v. Stapleton, 137 S. Ct. 1652, 1659 (2017) (applying the "presumption that each word Congress uses is there for a reason"). The government has not
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explained how "special conditions" could mean something other than the accepted meaning at the time. See Gov't Br. 12-17 (entire explanation of§ 10102(a)(6)).
Federal grant law continues to define special conditions narrowly. Government-wide OMB regulations allow agencies to impose "spec ial conditions that can appropriately mitigate the effects of the non-Federal entity's risk." 2 C.F.R. § 200.205 . The same regulations restrict the imposition of "specific conditions" to particular "circumstances" where there is a risk of noncompliance with existing requirements. 2 C.F .R. § 200.207.34 DOI has adopted these regulations to govern the grants it administers. See 2 C.F.R. § 2800.101.
This limited understanding of the Attorney General ' s authority makes sense in light of the background "assumption that Congress does not casuall y authorize ad mini strative agencies to interpret a statute" in a way that "alters the fe deral-state framework by permitting federal encroachment upon a traditional state power." Solid Waste Agency ofN. Cook Cty. v. US. Army Corps of Eng 'rs, 531 U.S. 159, 172-73 (2001). 35 If Congress wanted to empower the Attorney General to wield JAG funds as a tool to extract unrelated policy changes from local police departments, it would have needed to do so with unmistakable clarity. Bond, 134 S. Ct. at 2089;
34 The terms " spec ial conditions" and "specific conditions" are used interchangeab ly. See, e.g., OMB , Federal Awarding Agency Regulatoty implementation ofOMB 's Uniform Administration Requirements, 79 Fed. Reg. 7587101 , 75874 (Dec. 19, 20 14) (explai ning that prior "standards for imposing special cond itions on grantees" are " virtually identical" to current stand ard s for impos ing "specifi c conditio ns" pursuant to 2 C.F. R. §§ 200.205 and 200.207); All en, Federal Grant Practice (20 17 ed.), § 25: 1 (stating that '" specific' or ' special' cond itio ns" are the same), § 25:3 (discussing "the imposition of special/specifi c conditi ons" ); OMB , Uniform Guidance Crosswalk ji-om Ex.isling Guidance to Final Guidance, at 3, 4 (20 13) (noting OMB 's transition between the two phrases). 35 The Attorney Ge neral' s interpretation of "special conditions" in thi s case is entitled to no particul ar deference, because he has not ado pted it through formal procedures. See Hagans v. Comm 'r of Social Sec., 694 F .3d 287, 303 (201 2) (no Chevron deference for an interpretation adopted "through [an] informal mechanism"); Sikora v. UPMC, 15 3 F. Supp. 3d 820, 827 n.1 2 (W.D. Pa. 2015). To the contrary, its new understanding of the term directly clashes with the regul ations DOJ has fo rmally adopted through notice-and-comment rulemakin g. See 81 Fed. Reg. 61981 01 , 61982 (Sept. 8, 20 16), codified at 2 C.F. R. § 2800 . 10 I (adopti ng OMB grant rules afte r forma l rulemaking); 2 C.F.R . § 200.207 (OMB grant rules providing that an agency " may impose add itio nal specific award conditio ns ... under the following circum stances," all of which ad here to the term-of-art definition). DOJ' s fa ilure to fo llow its own regulation raises independent concerns under the Adm ini strative Procedure Act. See 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A) (court must "set aside agency action" that is " not in accordance with law" ); Frisby v. HUD, 755 F .2d 1052, 1055-56 (3d Cir. 1985) ("Failure o n the part of the agency to act in compliance with its own regulations is fata l to such actio n.").
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Gregory, 501 U.S. at 458-59. Here, Congress has done exactly the opposite. It has used a term with an established meaning that does not support the extraordinary authority the Attorney General has claimed.
Finally, the government has pointed out that, in Philadelphia' s FY 2016 JAG documents, DOJ described a variety of conditions as "special conditions." Gov ' t Br. 13-14. But that is not probative of what Congress understood the term to mean when it enacted§ 10102(a)(6). Far more relevant is the interpretation reflected in DOJ's own published regulations, OMB's longstanding government-wide guidance, the enacted regulations of multiple other agencies, and the unanimous understanding of multiple authoritative treatises. In any event, the vast majority (if not all) of the conditions listed in Philadelphia' s grant documents do speak to compliance with existing requirements. See ECF No. 21-1 , Ex. F (chart of conditions). Any that go further are unproblematic insofar as they are suppotied by other sources of law, as Philadelphia has explained . See id; Mot. for Prelim . lnj. , ECF No. 21-1 , at 26-28. The government has simply not identified any clear statement of authority to use JAG to impose new substantive policies on states and localities.
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CONCLUSION

DOJ's unprecedented addition of immigration conditions to Byrne JAG is just the latest

chapter in the Executive Branch's aggressive attempts to coerce and conscript local law

enforcement. Amici ask the Court to enjoin these conditions.

Dated: October 19, 2017

Respectfully submitted,

By: Isl Molly Tack-Hooper
Molly Tack-Hooper
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF P ENNSYLVAN IA
P.O. Box 60173 Philadlephia, PA 19103 (215) 592-1513x113 Mtack-hooper@aclupa.org
Spencer E. W. Amdur* Cody H. Wofsy*
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION- IMMIGRANTS' RIGHTS PROJECT
39 Drumm Street, 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94111 Tel: (415) 343-1198 samdur@aclu.org
cwofsy@aclu.org
Mark Fleming* Kate Melloy Goettel*
NAT!ONAL IMMI GRANT J USTICE CENTER
208 South LaSalle Street, Suite 1300 Chicago, Illinois 60604 Telephone: (312) 660-13 70 Facsimile: (312) 660-1505 mfleming@ heartlandal Iiance.org kgoettel @ heartlandalliance.org

*Pro hac vice motion forthcoming

Counsel for Amici Curiae

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APPENDIX A: LIST OF AMICI CURIAE
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nationwide, nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to the principles of liberty and equality embodied in the Constitution and this nation's civil rights laws , and the American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania (ACLUPA) is the state affiliate of the ACLU. The ACLU, through its Immigrants ' Rights Project and state affiliates, engages in a nationwide program of litigation, advocacy, and public education to enforce and protect the constitutional and civil rights of noncitizens. In particular, the ACLU has a longstanding interest in enforcing the constitutional and statutory constraints on the federal government's use of state and local police to enforce civil immigration laws. The ACLU and ACLU-PA have been counsel and amicus in a variety of cases involving immigration detainers and anti-sanctuary laws, including Morales v. Chadbourne, 793 F.3d 208 (I st Cir. 2015); Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014); Davila v. United States , 247 F. Supp. 3d 650 (W.D. Pa. 2017); Gonzalez v. ICE, No. 13-cv-4416 (C.D. Cal. filed June 19, 2013); and City ofEl Cenizo v. State ofTexas, No . 17-cv-404 (W.D. Tex. filed May 8, 2017).
The Asian Americans Advancing Justice - Asian Law Caucus (AAAJ-ALC) is a non-profit organization founded in 1972 and is the nation' s first legal and civil rights organization serving the low-income Asian and Pacific Islander communities. AAAJ-ALC has seven program areas foc used on housing rights, voting rights, immigrant rights, immigrant youth, labor and employment issues, civil rights and national security, and criminal justice reform. AAAJ-ALC' s immigrant rights ' program primarily defends immigrants in deportation proceedings. The mission of AAAJ-ALC is to promote, advance, and represent the legal and civil rights of Asian and Pacific Islander communities. Recognizing that social , economic, political , and racial inequalities continue to exist in the United States, AAAJ-ALC is committed to the pursuit of equality and justice for all sectors of our society, with a specific focus directed toward addressing the needs of low-income, immigrant, and underserved Asians, Pacific Islanders, and other vulnerable communities. AAAJ-ALC was an organizational sponsor of the Trust Act, 2013 Cal. Stat. 4650 (codified at Cal. Gov't Code §§ 7283-7282 .5), a California state law that went into effect in California on January 1, 2014, that limits detentions in response to ICE detainer requests. AAAJALC also assisted in drafting and supporting passage of the California Values Act (SB 54) in the 2017 California state legislative cycle to limit local law enforcement entanglement with ICE.
The National Immigrant Justice Center (NIJC) is a program of Heartland Alliance, which provides resettlement services to refugees and mental health services for immigrants and refugees. NIJC, through its staff of attorneys, paralegals and a network of over 1,5 00 pro bono attorneys, provides free or low-cost legal services to immigrants, including detained non-citizens. NIJC's direct representation, as well as its immigration advisals to criminal defense attorneys, has informed its strategic policy and litigation work around the myriad legal and policy problems of entangling local law enforcement in civil immigration enforcement. NIJC is counsel on a host of immigration detainer-related cases including Jimenez Moreno v. Napolitano , 11-5452 (N.D. Ill.) and Makowski v. United States, 12-5265 (N.D. Ill.). NIJC also advocated for the amendments to the Welcoming City Ordinance (Ch 2-173) in 2012, the Cook County detainer ordinance (11-073) in 2011 , and the recently enacted Illinois TRUST Act (S.B. 31).
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The Northwest Immigrant Rights Project (NWIRP) is a non-profit legal organization dedicated to the defense and advancement of the rights of noncitizens in the United States. NWIRP provides direct representation to low-income immigrants who are applying for immigration and naturalization benefits and to persons who are placed in removal proceedings. In addition, NWIRP engages in community education to immigrant communities who interact both with federal immigration enforcement and local law enforcement agencies. Thus, NWIRP has a direct interest in the issues presented in this case.
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I, Molly Tack-Hooper, hereby certify that on October 19, 2017, I caused a true and correct copy of the foregoing Brief of Amici Curiae American Civil Liberties Union, American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania, National Immigrant Justice Center, et al. in Support of Plaintiffs Motion for Preliminary Injunction to be filed and served on all participants in this case via the court's CM/ECF system.

Dated: October 19, 2017

Respectfully submitted,
By: /s/ Molly Tack-Hooper
Molly Tack-Hooper
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION OF PENNSYLVANIA
P.O. Box 60173 Philadelphia, PA 19103 (215) 592-1513 x 113 Mtack-hooper@aclupa.org

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 1 of 132

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

CIVIL ACTION

v.

NO. 17-3894

JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

MEMORANDUM RE: MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

Baylson, J.

November 15, 2017

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Summary of the Counts in the Complaint............................................................................... 2 II. Summary of Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law ......................................................... 5 III. Byrne JAG Program............................................................................................................ 8 IV. The Three Challenged Conditions .................................................................................... 11 V. Philadelphia’s Policies at Issue ............................................................................................. 14 VI. Prior Litigation Over “Sanctuary City” Policies............................................................... 17
A. County of Santa Clara v. Trump ....................................................................................... 17 B. City of Chicago v. Sessions .............................................................................................. 20 VII. Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction................................................................... 22 VIII. Review of Testimony and Sworn Declarations Filed by Plaintiff in Support of Motion . 23 A. Testimony of Police Commissioner Ross ......................................................................... 23
1. Philadelphia Police Priorities ........................................................................................ 23 2. Reasons for Philadelphia Police Department Policies on Immigrants.......................... 24 3. Community Policing ..................................................................................................... 25 4. Immigrants Have No Immunity from Arrest and Prosecution for Crimes in Philadelphia
26 5. Reasons for Police Policies Criticized by the Attorney General .................................. 26 6. Cooperation with Federal Law Enforcement Agencies ................................................ 28 B. Declaration and Testimony of Julie Wertheimer .............................................................. 29 C. Declaration and Testimony of Eva Gladstein ................................................................... 31 D. Declaration and Testimony of Brian Abernathy............................................................... 33 E. Testimony of Thomas Farley ............................................................................................ 37 IX. Review of Sworn Declarations Filed by Defendant in Opposition to Motion.................. 39 X. Findings of Fact .................................................................................................................... 40 XI. The APA and the Challenged Conditions ......................................................................... 47 A. Final Agency Action ......................................................................................................... 48 1. The Parties’ Contentions............................................................................................... 48 2. The Agency Action at Issue is Final ............................................................................. 49 B. The City’s Challenges under APA Section 706................................................................ 50 1. Statutory Authority ....................................................................................................... 50
a) “Special Conditions” Authorization ....................................................................... 51 (1) The Parties’ Contentions ..................................................................................... 51
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(2) Section 10102(a)(6) Does Not Authorize Any Challenged Condition ............... 52 b) “All Other Applicable Federal Laws” Authorization ............................................. 54
(1) The Parties’ Contentions ..................................................................................... 54 (2) Section 10153(a)(5)(D) May Authorize The Certification Condition ................ 57 2. Arbitrary and Capricious............................................................................................... 58 a) The Parties’ Contentions......................................................................................... 58 b) The “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements”......................................................... 61 c) The July 25, 2017 Press Release............................................................................. 64 d) The 2016 OIG Report ............................................................................................. 66 3. Constitutionality of Conditions..................................................................................... 67 XII. The Intersection between Criminal Law and Immigration Law ....................................... 69 A. Lawfully Present versus Unlawfully Present Noncitizens................................................ 70 B. Removal: Deportability (8 U.S.C. § 1227) versus Inadmissibility (8 U.S.C. § 1182)...... 72 1. Overview....................................................................................................................... 72 2. Detention pending removal proceedings – criminal aliens........................................... 73 3. Removal proceedings.................................................................................................... 73 4. Consequences of Deportability and Inadmissibility ..................................................... 74 C. Criminal Grounds of Deportability and Inadmissibility ................................................... 74 1. § 1227(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Deportability ............................................ 75 a) Crimes Involving Moral Turpitude (“CIMT”)........................................................ 75 b) Aggravated Felonies ............................................................................................... 77 c) Other offenses ......................................................................................................... 77 2. § 1182(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Inadmissibility ......................................... 78 D. The Relevance of Padilla and Galarza .............................................................................. 79 1. Padilla v. Kentucky....................................................................................................... 79 2. Galarza v. Szalczyk....................................................................................................... 80 E. ICE Programming and Enforcement Priorities ................................................................. 82 1. Secure Communities Program ...................................................................................... 83 2. Priority Enforcement Program ...................................................................................... 83 F. President Trump’s Executive Order: New Enforcement Priorities................................... 84 G. Philadelphia’s Policy and Potential Conflicts................................................................... 86 H. Statutes Which Impact Both Immigration and Criminal Law .......................................... 88 I. Selective Enforcement ...................................................................................................... 90 XIII. Spending Clause and Separation of Powers...................................................................... 92
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A. Relatedness ....................................................................................................................... 93 1. Byrne JAG Program and the DOJ Conditions .............................................................. 98 2. Certification Condition ............................................................................................... 100
B. Lack of ambiguity ........................................................................................................... 101 C. Coercion and the Tenth Amendment .............................................................................. 106
1. New York v. United States ......................................................................................... 107 2. Printz v. United States................................................................................................. 108 3. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sibelius .......................................... 109 4. City of New York v. United States ............................................................................. 110 5. The Present Case......................................................................................................... 113 XIV. Philadelphia Substantially Complies with Section 1373 ................................................ 115 A. Substantial Compliance Can Be Implied ........................................................................ 115 B. Substantial Compliance Can Apply to Grant Conditions ............................................... 117 XV. Irreparable Harm ............................................................................................................. 121 A. The Status Quo................................................................................................................ 121 B. Philadelphia Has Demonstrated Irreparable Harm ......................................................... 121 XVI. Balance of Equities and the Public Interest .................................................................... 126 XVII. CONCLUSION........................................................................................................... 127
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If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein.1 The Complaint in this case asserts multiple counts of constitutional and statutory violations, relating to the federal government’s attempt to deprive the City of Philadelphia the receipt of grants from the United States Department of Justice, referred to as “JAG Program” grants. After a prompt Rule 16 conference, because of approaching events that threatened to deprive the City of Philadelphia of this grant money, and the non-monetary consequences of the federal government’s proposed actions, the City has moved for a preliminary injunction.2 The Court held an evidentiary hearing on October 26, 2017.
1 W. Virginia State Bd. of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 642 (1943), (Jackson, J.). 2 The parties agreed that responses to the Complaint, including any Rule 12 motions, would be stayed pending resolution of the preliminary injunction motion.
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I. Summary of the Counts in the Complaint The City filed a six-count Complaint on August 30, 2017, alleging in detail the City’s
overarching commitments to welcoming immigrants, holding wrongdoers accountable for their criminal conduct regardless of their immigration status, and promoting the health, safety, and welfare of all residents. The City evidently prizes the hard-won trust it has earned with immigrant communities, and believes that the City is both safer and better off when immigrants do not “fear adverse consequences to themselves or to their families from interacting with City officers.” (ECF 1 (“Compl.”) ¶ 2). In the City’s view, fostering trust with immigrant communities promotes cooperation with police––particularly by immigrant victims and witnesses of crimes––which in turn promotes public safety. (Id. ¶ 3). To that end, the City has instituted a number of policies intended to limit collection of immigration status information in the provision of City services and routine policing efforts, and limit coordination with federal immigration enforcement. (Id. ¶¶ 21– 51). Philadelphia hastens to add, however, that it cooperates with federal authorities in various arenas of criminal justice, including by participating in federal task forces, and employs several databases that are visible to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (“FBI”) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”). The City has applied for, and received, federal funding through the Byrne Justice Assistance Grants Program (“JAG Program”) every fiscal year since the JAG Program assumed its present form in 2005. (Id. ¶ 60). In fiscal year 2016, it had to agree to some fifty-three special conditions in order to receive $1.68 million in JAG Program funds, as demonstrated on its 2016 grant approval sheet. (Id.; Compl. Ex. 9).
The City objects to three conditions recently imposed by the Department of Justice through the Attorney General, and has filed suit to enjoin them. Specifically, it alleges that the Attorney General cannot condition JAG Program funds on 1) requiring federal immigration agents access to
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City detention facilities (the “Access Condition”); 2) providing the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) at least 48 hours’ advance notice of the date and time of the release of any inmate about whom DHS has requested such information (the 48 hour “Notice Condition”); and 3) certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (“Certification Condition”; collectively, the “Challenged Conditions”). (Compl. ¶ 5). The City alleges six counts for injunctive and declaratory relief.
Count I asserts that the Attorney General acted ultra vires and in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act by imposing the Challenged Conditions, because the Challenged Conditions are not authorized by the Congressional statute creating the JAG Program, do not concern administration and spending of JAG Program funds, and are at odds with the JAG Program’s formula grant structure. (Id. ¶¶ 105–12).
Count II asserts that the imposition of the Challenged Conditions is unconstitutional and therefore violates the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”). The City argues that the Constitution bestows upon Congress the exclusive power to enact spending legislation pursuant to Article I, § 8, cl. 1 (the “Spending Clause”), whereas the President and the Executive Branch are separately tasked with “tak[ing] Care that the Law be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5 (the “Take Care Clause”). The City also claims that Attorney General’s imposition of the new conditions amounts to an unconstitutional refusal to disburse money that Congress has already appropriated. (Id. ¶¶ 113–21).
Count III alleges that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions is arbitrary and capricious, and therefore violates the APA, because it deviates from past agency policy without reasoned explanation or justification. (Id. ¶¶ 122–24).
Count IV asserts that even Congress could not have imposed these conditions on JAG 3

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 8 of 132 Program grants because doing so would violate the Spending Clause. The Challenged Conditions, the City argues, are unrelated to the purpose of the JAG Program, do not impose unambiguous obligations on recipients, and transgress principles of federalism. (Id. ¶¶ 125–31).
Count V alleges that the conditions on JAG Program funds seek to commandeer City officials into the enforcement of federal immigration law in violation of the Tenth Amendment. The City seeks injunctive and declaratory relief preventing the Attorney General from interpreting 8 U.S.C. § 1373 and the two other grant conditions in a way that would violate the Tenth Amendment. (Id. ¶¶ 132–37).
Count VI seeks a declaration by this Court that the City is in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, as constitutionally construed. (Id. ¶¶ 138–44).
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II. Summary of Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law After the City’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction was filed, the Court determined that
the parties should have a chance to present relevant facts, in order to supplement the declarations which had been filed. Testimony was received from various City officials, and the most crucial witnesses were Police Commissioner Ross, Deputy Managing Director Abernathy, and Health Commissioner Farley – who established Philadelphia’s actual practices with regard to so-called “undocumented” aliens – and also, “criminal aliens.”
Philadelphia is a not a “sanctuary city” – if that term means that there are any policies that would prevent or inhibit the investigation, arrest, prosecution and sentencing of aliens. There are none. The term “criminal aliens,” although not defined by any statute, includes individuals who are not citizens, but who have been convicted of serious crimes, or have reentered the United States after being deported. This category of criminal alien represents a fairly small percentage of the total number of non-citizens.
Approximately one half of unlawfully present non-citizens can be accurately described as “visa overstayers” – that is, they entered the United States legally, on a properly issued visa, but have stayed after the visa expired. 3 Although Congress has enacted laws that allow civil proceedings to deport any undocumented alien, the record of the case establishes that our federal government, for decades, with both Democratic or Republican presidents, has taken no steps whatsoever to deport visa overstayers or aliens who entered unlawfully and without being arrested. All deportation efforts, from World War II to the present time, have focused on “criminal aliens.”
3 DHS statistics indicate that as of January, 2012 there were approximately 11.4 million unlawfully present non-citizens in the U.S. Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2012, Bryan Baker and Nancy Rytina. These statistics further indicate that roughly half of that population is made up of visa overstayers, while the other half is comprised of individuals who have entered the United States without inspection. A very small percentage of the overall 11.4 million, including both visa overstayers and those who entered without inspection, have criminal convictions. This topic is discussed in detail below.
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As the record shows, Philadelphia has certain protective policies which primarily apply to aliens who are “visa overstayers.”4 The government asserts these policies allow it to deny the Byrne JAG grants to Philadelphia.
This factual testimony forms an important part of the Court’s rulings, which also depend on established statutory and constitutional principles. Turning to the legal issues presented by the City, as the moving party for preliminary injunction, the Court finds that the Attorney General’s implementation of two of the conditions for receiving the Byrne grant, which we will term the “48 hour notice” condition, and the “jail access” condition, were issued without appropriate authority under the Administrative Procedure Act, a statute enacted by Congress many years ago which regulates the matters on which federal government agencies, of which the Department of Justice is one, may issue conditions.
For the remaining issues, this opinion will explain in some detail the intersection between federal and state criminal laws, and federal immigration practices. Regulation of immigration is exclusively a federal function, but it is not exclusively within the province of the executive branch of government. Congress has enacted specific laws which give the federal government significant authority to deport “criminal aliens.” There is abundant statutory authority for using civil proceedings to deport visa overstayers, as well as individuals who entered without inspection, but have not been convicted of any crimes. However, there has been virtually no enforcement action whatsoever to deport visa overstayers, or illegal entrants who were not arrested at the time they crossed into the United States, usually from Mexico.
Turning to the other allegations in the City’s complaint, the Court gives careful analysis to
4 Analysis of 2014 statistics suggests that 67 percent of Pennsylvania's unlawfully present noncitizen population is made up of visa overstayers. Robert Warren and Donald Kerwin, The 2,000 Mile Wall in Search of a Purpose, 5 J. Migration and Hum. Security, 124, 129, (2017).
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the Spending Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution, and also to the Tenth Amendment, which reserves to the states (and by definition, local governments) those powers not designated for the federal government. In analyzing other actions issued by the Department of Justice, which claims that their non-observance by the City warrants rejection of the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant to Philadelphia, the Court concludes the City is likely to succeed in its claims that the Department of Justice’s conditions are improper under settled principles of the Spending Clause, the Tenth Amendment, and principles of federalism.
In doing so, the Court acknowledges that Congress has prohibited state or local governments restricting communications about aliens to the federal government. Although the Court declines to rule whether a certification condition is applicable, the record of the case clearly shows, giving due credibility to the testimony about the City’s practices, that Philadelphia is in “substantial compliance” with all of these DOJ conditions.
Applying the requisite proof for preliminary injunction of probability of success on the merits, irreparable harm, a balancing of equities, preserving the status quo, and the public interest, the Court will issue a preliminary injunction in favor of the City, that the City may certify its compliance with these conditions, and to enjoin the Department of Justice from denying the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant.
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III. Byrne JAG Program The federal grant at issue is awarded under the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance
Grant Program (the “JAG Program” or the “Byrne Program”). See 34 U.S.C. § 10151 (formerly
42 U.S.C. § 3750). Named after a fallen New York City police officer, the JAG Program supports
state and local law enforcement efforts by providing additional funds for personnel, equipment,
training, and other criminal justice needs. See 34 U.S.C. § 10152 (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 3751).
A more robust understanding of federal grants, appearing below, is important to fully
appreciate the contours of the JAG Program.
Federal awarding agencies have no independent power to award grants. Thus, all grants
must be authorized by Congress in the form of enabling legislation. The degree of discretion
afforded to awarding agencies depends on the statutory text and the type of grant. However,
regardless of the amount of authority delegated by Congress to the awarding agency, all grant
terms must be consistent with the authorizing statute.
There are two main categories of federal grants: (1) discretionary grants, and (2)
mandatory grants. The JAG Program is a mandatory grant.
(1) Discretionary grants are those for which an awarding agency generally possesses discretion to select the awardees and the amount they receive. Discretionary grants are typically made through a competitive grant process for a specific project, and federal awarding agencies often attach program or project-specific requirements to grant funds.
(2) Mandatory grants are those which an awarding agency must make if a grantee meets the requirements set forth in the authorizing statute. States seeking mandatory grant awards must submit a plan to the federal agency administering the program detailing how it will use the grant funds. Notably, mandatory grants are not “competitive,” and no applicant that complies with grant requirements is excluded from receiving funds.
Mandatory grants can be further divided into three sub-categories: (A) entitlement grants,
(B) block grants, and (C) formula grants. The Byrne Program is a formula grant. 8

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(A) Entitlement grants are those in which the beneficiary is entitled to receive money upon demonstrating that it qualifies for assistance. One example is Medicaid, where the beneficiaries are individuals.
(B) Block grants are those awarded pursuant to formulas set out in their respective authorizing statutes, which often take into account factors such as population and annual Congressional appropriations. Block grants are subject to several, but not all, provisions of the Office of Management and Budget’s “Uniform Guidance,” codified at 2 C.F.R. 200.
(C) Formula grants, such as the Byrne Program, are similarly awarded pursuant to formulas in their respective authorizing statutes. However, formula grants are subject to all provisions of the Uniform Guidance.
Grants awarded under the Byrne Program are based on a formula which takes into account
the applicant jurisdiction’s population and violent crime rate. See 34 U.S.C. § 10156 (formerly
42 U.S.C. § 3755). The Attorney General has limited the eligibility of applicant jurisdictions to
JAG Program funds for many years, by imposing various conditions. In the present case,
Philadelphia brings no challenge to more than fifty of these conditions, instead focusing on the
three most recently imposed conditions. (See Pl. Mot. Ex. 11).
The Attorney General claims that the three Challenged Conditions are authorized under
two statutory provisions.
The first is 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which does not appear in the same statutory
subchapter as the Byrne Program. It states in relevant part:
The Assistant Attorney General shall . . . exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.
The second source of statutory authority claimed by the Attorney General does in fact
appear in the same subchapter as the Byrne Program. See 34 U.S.C. § 10153. The Attorney
General contends that this separate source of authority independently supports the Section 1373
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Certification Condition: To request a grant under this part, the chief executive officer of a State or unit of local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General within 120 days after the date on which funds to carry out this part are appropriated for a fiscal year, in such form as the Attorney General may require. Such application shall include the following: [...] (5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that— [...] (D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.
34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) (emphasis added).
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IV. The Three Challenged Conditions The Attorney General cites a May, 2016 report from the Office of the Inspector General
(“OIG”) finding deteriorating local cooperation with “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States,” (Compl. Ex. 10), as an important catalyst for the imposition of the Challenged Conditions.
Accordingly, in late July 2017, the Attorney General announced two new conditions on every grant provided by the JAG Program. (See Backgrounder on Grant Requirements, Pl. Mot. Ex. 1). The two new conditions require, first, that local authorities provide federal agents advance notice of the scheduled release from state or local correctional facilities of certain individuals suspected of immigration violations (the “Notice Condition”), and, second, that local authorities provide immigration agents with access to City detention facilities and individuals detained therein (the “Access Condition”). Id. Additionally, a third condition on Byrne JAG funds was added last year that requires the City to certify compliance with a federal statute, 8 U.S.C. § 1373, which prohibits local government and law enforcement officials from restricting the sharing of information with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”)5 regarding the citizenship status of any individual (the “Certification Condition”). Id.
The three conditions are as follows: (1) The Notice Condition A State statute, or a State rule, regulation, policy, or practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that, when a State (or State-contracted) correctional facility receives from DHS a formal written request authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act that seeks advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such
5 The enforcement function of INS is now performed by ICE, after a government reorganization in 2003. Although INS is referenced in statutes throughout this Memorandum, which can be understood for present purposes to instead signify ICE.
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facility, then such facility will honor such request and––as early as practicable––provide the requested notice to DHS.
(2) The Access Condition
A State statute, or a State rule, regulation, policy, or practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that agents of the United States acting under color of federal law in fact are given access to any State (or State-contracted) correctional facility for the purpose of permitting such agents to meet with individuals who are (or are believed by such agents to be) aliens and to inquire as to such individuals’ right to be or remain in the United States.
(3) The Certification Condition
The applicant local government must submit the required ‘Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373’ (executed by the chief legal officer of the local government).
The Certification Condition requires the City to certify compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373
(“Section 1373”). Section 1373 is titled “Communication between government agencies and the
Immigration and Naturalization Service” and provides as follows:
(a) In General
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.
(b) Additional Authority of Government Entities
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual:
(1) Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and Naturalization
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Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with any other Federal, State, or local government entity. (c) Obligation to Respond to Inquiries The Immigration and Naturalization Service shall respond to an inquiry by a Federal, State, or local government agency, seeking to verify or ascertain the citizenship or immigration status of any individual within the jurisdiction of the agency for any purpose authorized by law, by providing the requested verification or status information. The Department of Justice (“DOJ”) asserted by letter dated October 11, 2017, a “preliminary assessment” that the City did not comply with Section 1373. (ECF 28 (“Def. Opp.”), Ex. A to Declaration of Alan Hanson (“Hanson Decl.”)). The City responded by letter dated October 27, 2017, disputing that assessment and requesting a delay in any withholding of the FY 2017 JAG award pending resolution of this litigation. (ECF 61).
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V. Philadelphia’s Policies at Issue
The Attorney General contends that “[a]t least two [Philadelphia] policies do not comply
with Section 1373, and at least three additional policies may also be non-compliant depending on
how the City interprets and applies them.” (Def. Opp., at 38).
First, Philadelphia Executive Order No. 5-16, states in Section 1:
No person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 287.7, nor shall notice of his or her pending release be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.
(Compl. Ex. 6). Although Executive Order No. 5-16 appears to restrict compliance with detainers
and advance notice requests, a subsequent memorandum issued to the Prisons Commissioner
clarified that “the Department of Prisons is directed to cooperate with all federal agencies,
including ICE, when presented with a judicial warrant,” irrespective of whether “such person is
being released from custody after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving
violence.” (Compl. Ex. 7).
Second, Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06, which has as its express goal the
“preserv[ation of] confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to the
maximum extent permitted by law,” states in Section III.C:
The Philadelphia Police Department will continue to cooperate with federal authorities in investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities. However, immigrants who are victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner.6
6 As further discussed below, during the evidentiary hearing in this case, Philadelphia’s witnesses stated that a criminal suspect who is also a victim would not be protected under Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06; this narrow category of victim-suspects (e.g., two defendants both charged with felony assault on the other as the result of a fight) could have their status as an immigrant transmitted to federal authorities.
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(Compl. Ex. 3).
Third, Executive Order No. 8-09, Section 2, states:
B. Law enforcement officers shall not: … (2) inquire about a person’s immigration status, unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime (other than mere status as an undocumented alien); (3) inquire about the immigration status of crime victims, witnesses, or others who call or approach the police seeking help; or (4) inquire regarding immigration status for the purpose of enforcing immigration laws.
C. Law enforcement officers shall continue to cooperate with state and federal authorities in investigating and apprehending individuals who are suspected of criminal activity.
(Compl. Ex. 4).
Fourth, Executive Order No. 8-09, Section 3, states:
A. As used herein, “confidential information means any information obtained and maintained by a City agency relating to an individual’s immigration status.
B. No City officer or employee shall disclose confidential information unless: (1) such disclosure has been authorized in writing by the individual to whom such information pertains . . .; (2) such disclosure is required by law; or (3) the individual to whom such information pertains is suspected by such officer or employee or such officer’s or employee’s agency of engaging in criminal activity (other than mere status as an undocumented alien).
(Id.).
Fifth, Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06, Section III.A, states:
In order to safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant, police personnel will transmit such information to federal immigration authorities only when:
(1) Required by law, or 15

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(Compl. Ex. 3).

(2) The immigrant requests, in writing, information be provided, to verify his or her immigration status, or
(3) The immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, including attempts to obtain public assistance benefits through the use of fraudulent documents.

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VI. Prior Litigation Over “Sanctuary City” Policies
The present litigation represents the latest skirmish between state or local governments and
the federal government over so-called “Sanctuary City” policies. Two recent cases in particular
merit discussion prior to this Court’s analysis of the current dispute between Philadelphia and the
Attorney General.
A. County of Santa Clara v. Trump
Less than a week after assuming office, President Trump issued Executive Order 13768,
entitled “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,” which “purport[ed] to
‘[e]nsure that jurisdictions that fail to comply with applicable Federal law do not receive Federal
funds, except as mandated by law’ and to establish a procedure whereby ‘sanctuary jurisdictions’
shall be ineligible to receive federal grants.” Cty. of Santa Clara v. Trump, 250 F. Supp. 3d 497,
507 (N.D. Cal. 2017) (quoting 82 Fed. Reg. 8799). Two California jurisdictions, which had
policies in place prohibiting the use of resources to aid in enforcement of federal immigration law
or limiting the circumstances in which they honored ICE detainers, sought to enjoin Section 9(a) of
the Executive Order, which states:
Sec. 9. Sanctuary Jurisdictions. It is the policy of the executive branch to ensure, to the fullest extent of the law, that a State, or a political subdivision of a State, shall comply with 8 U.S.C. 1373.
(a) In furtherance of this policy, the Attorney General and the Secretary, in their discretion and to the extent consistent with law, shall ensure that jurisdictions that willfully refuse to comply with 8 U.S.C. 1373 (sanctuary jurisdictions) are not eligible to receive Federal grants, except as deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes by the Attorney General or the Secretary. The Secretary has the authority to designate, in his discretion and to the extent consistent with law, a jurisdiction as a sanctuary jurisdiction. The Attorney General shall take appropriate enforcement action against any entity that violates 8 U.S.C. 1373, or which has in effect a statute, policy, or practice that prevents or hinders the enforcement of Federal law.
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Exec. Order No. 13768 (emphasis added). The plaintiff counties alleged that this part of the Executive Order violated the principle of
Separation of Powers, violated the Spending Clause of Article I of the Constitution, improperly conscripted them in enforcing federal immigration law in violation of the Tenth Amendment, was unconstitutionally vague, and violated the counties’ procedural due process rights. Id. At oral argument, the United States argued that this section of the Executive Order applied only to three grant programs administered by the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice, including the Byrne JAG Program. Id. at 507–08, 510.
Rejecting this interpretation, the court found that the Executive Order “r[an] afoul of … basic and fundamental constitutional structures,” which it explained: The Constitution gives Congress the federal spending power and place conditions on receipt of federal funds; once legislation is enacted, the President is “required to ‘take Care that the Law be faithfully executed.’” Id. at 531 (quoting U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5). The court stated that “[w]here Congress has failed to give the President discretion in allocating funds, the President has no constitutional authority to withhold such funds and violates his obligation to faithfully execute the laws duly enacted by Congress if he does so.” Id. The court concluded: “Section 9 purports to give the Attorney General and the Secretary the power to place a new condition on federal funds (compliance with Section 1373) not provided for by Congress. But the President does not have the power to place conditions on federal funds and so cannot delegate this power.” Id. The court also noted that Congress had considered, and rejected, conditioning federal spending on compliance with Section 1373 and immigration law, which placed the President’s power “at its lowest ebb.” Id. (quoting Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 637 (1952)).
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Even if the President possessed spending powers, that court continued, the Executive
Order would nonetheless have overstepped constitutional limitations on spending legislation.
The court found that the Executive Order did not impose unambiguous conditions on jurisdictions.
Id. at 532. Moreover, its attempt to defund sanctuary jurisdictions lacked the requisite
relationship between the condition and the purpose of the funds because there was “no nexus
between Section 1373 and most categories of federal funding, including without
limitation funding related to Medicare, Medicaid, transportation, child welfare services,
immunization and vaccination programs, and emergency preparedness.” Id. at 532–33. It did
suggest some relationship between immigration enforcement and law enforcement, however:
The Executive Order inverts the nexus requirement, directing the Attorney General and Secretary to cut off all federal grants to “sanctuary jurisdictions” but giving them discretion to allow “sanctuary jurisdictions” to receive grants “deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes.” EO § 9(a). As the subset of grants “deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes” likely includes any federal funds related to immigration enforcement, the Executive Order expressly targets for defunding grants with no nexus to immigration enforcement at all. This is the precise opposite of what the nexus test requires. Id. at 533 (emphasis added).7 The court also found that the plaintiffs were likely to succeed on the
merits of their argument that the attempt to defund sanctuary jurisdictions amounted to an
unconstitutionally coercive use of the spending power. Id. The court further found that the
Executive Order attempted to conscript states and localities into enforcing federal immigration law
in violation of the Tenth Amendment, contained “standardless guidance and enforcement
provisions” rendering it void for vagueness, id. at 536, and violated jurisdictions’ procedural due
process rights by failing to establish any notice or opportunity to be heard regarding their potential
7 Note that the Court did not issue any ruling regarding whether Section 1373 had a relationship to the JAG Byrne Program.
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loss of federal funding. Id. Accordingly, the court entered a nationwide preliminary injunction barring enforcement of
Section 9(a) on April 25, 2017. Id. at 540. It clarified that the injunction did not “impact the Government’s ability to use lawful means to enforce existing conditions of federal grants or 8 U.S.C. 1373” or “restrict the Secretary from developing regulations or preparing guidance on designating a jurisdiction as a ‘sanctuary jurisdiction.’” Id.
B. City of Chicago v. Sessions Prior to the initiation of the Philadelphia litigation, the city of Chicago, which had enacted a “Welcoming City Ordinance” as part of its municipal code, filed suit challenging the imposition of the Challenged Conditions attached to Byrne funding. The arguments in the Chicago litigation in many ways parallel those at issue in the Philadelphia case, and Chicago, like Philadelphia, sought preliminary injunctive relief in federal court. See City of Chicago, No. CV 17 C 5720, 2017 WL 4081821 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017). On September 15, 2017, after Philadelphia had filed its Complaint, a Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois ruled that the Attorney General lacked authority under the authorizing statute to impose substantive conditions on Byrne grants, 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-58, and acted ultra vires in imposing the Notice and Access conditions. Id. The court rejected the Attorney General’s attempt to claim authority to impose such conditions on the basis of 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), a provision of a separate statutory subchapter establishing the Office of Justice Programs allowing the Assistant Attorney General to “‘plac[e] special conditions on all grants’ and to ‘determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.’” Id. at *5 (alterations in original). However, the court ruled that a provision of the Byrne JAG Program authorizing statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), requiring certification that an applicant for Byrne funds “will
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comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws” gave the Attorney General the statutory authority to impose the Section 1373 Certification Condition. Id. at *7. The court reasoned that “[t]he most natural reading of the statute authorizes the Attorney General to require a certification of compliance with all other applicable federal laws, which by the plainest definition includes Section 1373.” Id. at *9. It specifically noted that Chicago had not challenged the Certification Condition under the Spending Clause. In short, the court found that Chicago was likely to succeed on the merits of its challenges to the jail access and advance notification conditions, but not on the 1373 compliance provision. The City of Chicago court did not hold an evidentiary hearing in reaching its legal conclusions.
With respect to irreparable harm, the court found that “[t]he harm to the City’s relationship with the immigrant community if it should accede to the conditions is irreparable” and that “forcing the City either to decline the grant funds based on what it believes to be unconstitutional conditions or accept them and face an irreparable harm, is the type of ‘Hobson’s choice’” that the Supreme Court had found to support irreparable harm for purposes of granting injunctive relief. Id. at *13 (citing Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 504 U.S. 374, 381 (1992)). Finally, the court found the balance of the equities and the public interest favored neither party because both Chicago and the Attorney General had “strong public policy arguments” grounded in “concerns of public safety,” “the wisdom of which [was] not for the Court to decide.” Id. at *14.
Accordingly, the court entered a nationwide preliminary injunction barring the Notice and Access conditions. Id. It subsequently denied a stay of the nationwide application of the injunction. City of Chicago v. Sessions, No. CV 17 C 5720, WL 4572208 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 13, 2017). An appeal is pending.
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VII. Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction Philadelphia asserts it is likely to show that the Attorney General’s imposition of the
Challenged Conditions violates the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) because the Attorney General:
(1) acted in excess of his statutory authority as well as contrary to the authorizing federal statute;
(2) violated the Constitution’s separation of powers; and (3) acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner. (See Pl. Mot., at 15–16). Philadelphia’s contentions that the Attorney General acted in excess of, and contrary to, the authorizing federal statute, rely on the statute’s text, legislative history, and implementation history, while rejecting the Attorney General’s reliance on a statutory provision that defines the “powers and functions” of the Assistant Attorney General of the Office of Justice Programs. See 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6). Philadelphia’s motion also asserts that the Attorney General’s actions are in contravention of the Constitution’s Spending clause, the Tenth Amendment, and principles of Federalism. The City also contends it is likely to show that the City’s policies are consistent with Section 1373 as constitutionally and lawfully construed, and therefore that the Attorney General should be enjoined from denying the City funding on that basis. The City alleges irreparable harm, not only from the denial of receipt of the money, but also from a loss of goodwill in the immigrant community. Lastly, the City asserts that the public interest warrants preserving the “status quo” pending a final hearing. The standards for a preliminary injunction are set forth below.
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VIII. Review of Testimony and Sworn Declarations Filed by Plaintiff in Support of Motion A. Testimony of Police Commissioner Ross Born and raised in Philadelphia, Richard Ross has been a member of the Philadelphia
Police Department (“PPD”) for over 28 years, and for the past 22 months has served as Police Commissioner. In this role he is responsible for everything from hiring and termination decisions, to training, to policy implementation, to communication. Prior to taking on the Police Commissioner position, Commissioner Ross rose through the ranks of the PPD, from working as a sergeant, to a lieutenant, working his way up to Captain of the Homicide department, before becoming the Deputy Commissioner in Internal Affairs and eventually the First Deputy Commissioner for eight years.
Commissioner Ross reported that the PPD is budgeted for 6,525 police officers, and currently employs approximately 6,400, along with an additional approximately 800 civilian employees, making it the fourth largest police department nationwide. Commissioner Ross reported that PPD’s budget is in excess of $600 million, however between 96-98% of that budget is dedicated to personnel costs and benefits. Thus, while the $1.6 million that the City must forego if it rejects JAG funds represents a small percentage of PPD’s overall budget, it is significant to crime fighting efforts and represents 10% of non-personnel costs. Specifically, this funding would be used for overtime salaries, crime suppression, and technological updates.
1. Philadelphia Police Priorities When asked what the most important issues are to the PPD currently, Commissioner Ross pointed to gun violence, and the development and maintenance of police-community relationships. When asked to articulate his theory of policing, he highlighted two major themes: smart policing—that is, using intelligence to react to, and proactively anticipate crime as quickly as
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possible—and community policing—in the sense of viewing citizens as “partners” in crime fighting, and being intentional about developing relationships with the community in order to promote this idea of a partnership and the attendant benefits. He emphasized the connection between these two themes, noting that it is not possible for the PPD to be omnipresent, in the sense of having a police officer on every single corner, so they must leverage community relationships to increase their capacity to detect crime.
He identified some of the ways that community members help the PPD respond to crime, for example, the PPD receives tips from the public in response to surveillance video and photos connected to requests for information; in general, he asserted, the greatest source of intelligence used for resolving criminal investigations comes from people, not through technologically advanced techniques. He highlighted domestic violence and sexual assault as contexts in which crime can typically only be detected and addressed if victims come forward with information. Further he described PPD’s efforts to utilize pattern information and analysis to anticipate and react quickly to neighborhood crime, for example robbery; information from victims and other community members regarding these patterns is incredibly valuable, and if community members are in fear of being deported as a result of approaching PPD they won’t come forward. This would put PPD far behind in their efforts to effectively respond to crime.
2. Reasons for Philadelphia Police Department Policies on Immigrants Commissioner Ross discussed the likely consequences if the PPD were required to disclose the immigration status of every victim and witness with whom they came into contact. He stated that this practice would be “stifling” because community members would fear PPD. Although developing community relationships can be incredibly hard, but because it is so important to the PPD’s ability to collect information about ongoing crime, it is something to which the PPD has
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dedicates substantial resources. Overall, Commisioner Ross emphasized that a broad policy of sharing the immigration
status of non-criminal immigrants would detract from PPD’s mission, impacting not only the individuals subject to such information sharing, but also their wider communities and those of adjacent neighborhoods. Commissioner Ross reported that as of 2016, crime in Philadelphia was at a 40-year low, which is an indicator of the progress that has been achieved through smart policing and community partnership efforts, including in immigrant communities. He made clear that available evidence suggests no link between an individual’s status as an undocumented immigrant, and their likelihood to commit a crime; in fact, it is primarily people born and raised in Philadelphia who commit crime in the City.
3. Community Policing He indicated that the PPD engages in both department-wide and district-specific programmatic efforts to develop community relationships. Special interest groups, including some associated with various ethnic identities, are employed to build relationships with the groups they represent. He described the PPD’s efforts, including community engagement through meetings, social media, the Police Athletic League, and town halls. He highlighted the difficulty, particularly in the current social climate, to maintain an image of legitimacy with the community. Establishing trust, he explained, can sometimes only be achieved on a block-by-block basis. Once gained, losing the community’s trust can be almost impossible because it leaves the public with no reason to believe that the PPD is legitimate. “Trust and legitimacy go together,” he stated. Commissioner Ross described the PPD’s interactions with the immigrant community as no different from the rest of the population, explaining that the PPD must have a strong partnership
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with this group just as with any other. He asserted that without them “we would be in peril.” The PPD recruits bilingual officers in order to enable communication between the police and community members who do not speak English. He also noted the value in showing to immigrant communities that many PPD officer share their same heritage.
4. Immigrants Have No Immunity from Arrest and Prosecution for Crimes in Philadelphia Commissioner Ross stated emphatically that he does not consider PPD to be an extension of ICE, noting multiple times that pursuing immigration enforcement would detract from the PPD’s mission. With regard to the term “sanctuary city,” Commissioner Ross stated that he is not clear on exactly what the term refers to and personally does not use it. Philadelphia is a “welcoming city,” he offered. He noted that some people might infer that the concept of a sanctuary city indicates that if an immigrant commits a crime, they won’t be arrested or prosecuted, before clarifying that this not the PPD’s policy: “we don’t harbor criminals in the Philadelphia police department.” Commissioner Ross emphasized that a suspect’s immigration status makes no difference to arrest procedures or prosecution decisions. 5. Reasons for Police Policies Criticized by the Attorney General Commissioner Ross explained that internal PPD memoranda represent policies to be implemented, and provide directions to guide the manner in which police officers are to conduct themselves. The method for dissemination is via submission of memos to local police districts. Officers are generally required to sign each memo to confirm receipt. Referring to PPD Memorandum 01-06, dated May 17, 2001 and issued by then Police Commissioner Timoney, Commissioner Ross clarified that the Policy outlined in Section II accurately reflects the current policy of PPD. With respect to Section II, Part B, which indicates that PPD “will preserve the confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to
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the maximum extent permitted by law,” Commissioner Ross explained that the motivation behind this policy is the need for the entire population to understand that the PPD is there to protect and serve them, and that they should feel comfortable coming forward with any information to help police fight crime. He highlighted the fact that this policy protects the confidentiality only of those who are “law abiding,” and says nothing about those who are breaking the law. He emphasized the built-in exception in Section III which clarifies that police will share with federal authorities information about any immigrant who “is suspected of engaging in criminal activity” to underscore the distinction that the PPD draws between, on the one hand, victims and witnesses, and on the other, criminal violators.
Commissioner Ross explained that nothing in the policy set out in Memo 01-06 prevents PPD from cooperating with the federal government, and that in the 16 years it has been in place the federal government has never identified any issues with it.
Commissioner Ross also commented on Mayor Nutter’s Executive Order 8-09, signed on November 10, 2009, which sets out the City’s policy with respect to immigrants’ access to City services and sets out a general prohibition on City officials inquiring into and disclosing individuals’ immigrations status, subject to exceptions. He explained that this policy is important because the PPD’s mission is to safeguard the population, not to engage in immigration enforcement. The PPD would not be able to effectively pursue its obligation to protect and serve if the City’s population is concerned about officers revealing residents’ immigration status. Sub-section 3 of Part B of Section 3 provides an exception by which City employees may disclose information regarding an individual’s immigration status when that individual is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, “other than mere status as an undocumented alien.” Commissioner Ross again highlighted this exception as establishing PPD’s position that these protections do not
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extend to individuals who are engaged in criminal activity, noting that PPD has no interest in withholding information about criminals from ICE.
Under the City’s policies, including Memorandum 01-06 and Executive Order 8-09, police officers would not be restricted from responding to an ICE request for information regarding any noncitizen who has been arrested. However they would likely not provide address information for a former inmate who had been released and is no longer suspected of criminal activity, as this broaches on immigration enforcement and is not within PPD’s purview. When asked about the policy with regard to an individual who fits the description of both a victim and a perpetrator,8 Commissioner Ross clarified that the PPD will make determinations about whom to arrest and charge with crimes, and ultimately will be willing to communicate to ICE information regarding the immigration status of any individual who is actually charged with a crime. Commissioner Ross confirmed that PPD employees had been trained with respect to these policies, however Section 1373 had not been mentioned by name in training.
6. Cooperation with Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Commissioner Ross asserted that the PPD has a good relationship with all federal agencies, and that nothing in City policy prevents PPD’s cooperation with federal agencies. He identified examples of cooperation such as the joint terrorism task force between the PPD and the FBI–– which feature local and federal officials working together. When asked about the example of a noncitizen who has not committed any state crime, but who has unlawfully returned to the U.S. after being deported in violation of federal criminal law, Commissioner Ross indicated the PPD would not be likely to encounter such a person. Generally speaking, police are not involved unless a state crime is committed. He clarified though, that if
8 For example, if two individuals have a physical altercation and both are injured.
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such a person were to commit a state crime, they would be arrested and charged according to normal PPD procedures, which include fingerprinting the suspect and sharing his fingerprints through a database to which ICE and other federal authorities have access. In this way, the suspect’s immigration status would be shared with ICE.
B. Declaration and Testimony of Julie Wertheimer In her declaration, Ms. Wertheimer identifies herself as Chief of Staff, Criminal Justice, in the Managing Director’s Office of Philadelphia, in which she oversees the “Office of Violence Prevention.” She also discusses Philadelphia’s unbroken history of receiving Byrne JAG grants since the program’s inception in 2005. In FY 2016, Philadelphia received $1.67 million, and a slightly lower amount in FY 2015. Ms. Wertheimer asserts that Philadelphia relies upon federal funding provided by the Byrne JAG program to support a number of priorities and programs. Ms. Wertheimer relates that on July 25, 2017, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) notified Philadelphia as follows: As a condition to receiving any Byrne JAG funds in fiscal year 2017, Philadelphia must comply with three conditions. Philadelphia must: (1) certify that the City complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373; (2) permit officials from the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) access to any
detention facility maintained by Philadelphia in order to meet with persons of interest to DHS; and (3) provide at least 48 hours’ advance notice to DHS regarding the scheduled release date and time of an inmate for whom DHS requests such advance notice. Ms. Wertheimer relates that the application deadline for the local FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding was September 5, 2017 and that Philadelphia submitted a timely application.
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Her declaration gives further details of how Philadelphia plans to spend the JAG funds, if awarded, with further details supplied at the hearing at which she testified.
She explained at the evidentiary hearing that the Byrne Program involves congressionally allocated and congressionally appropriated formula grant funds based on population and crime rate. Ms. Wertheimer also distinguished between, on the one hand, competitive grants and, on the other hand, formula grants, which do not require the City to compete to acquire the grant funds. In her experience, the City has never failed to receive formula grant funds for which it applied. In fact, Ms. Wertheimer recalled that on one occasion, due to a typographical error, the city accidentally applied for less money than the formula authorized. She received a telephone call from an officer at the DOJ informing her that Philadelphia would need to remedy the error because the City was required to receive the full amount for which it was eligible under the terms of the Byrne statute.
Ms. Wertheimer also provided an explanation of the City’s budgeting process. Because the City’s fiscal year runs from July 1 to June 30, the Mayor typically submits a proposed budget around February of each year. City Council then holds hearings and votes on the budget in May or June. If additional resource needs arise thereafter, city officials must generally wait until the following fiscal year to seek those funds.
She further explained that Byrne Program grants are awarded early in the City’s fiscal year, which typically enables the City to acquire additional funds for criminal justice programs that do not appear in that year’s fiscal year budget. In order to decide which criminal justice programs Philadelphia will seek funding for, a sub-committee of the County’s Criminal Justice Advisory Board meets and decides which programs should be prioritized based on urgency and need. In FY 2016, the opioid crisis was one such urgent need.
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Ms. Wertheimer also testified that the City has applied and been awarded funding under the Byrne Program every year since 2005, without controversy. In no prior year were any conditions added such as those in FY 2017, in which DOJ asked for a legal opinion from Philadelphia’s City Solicitor and signatures on the grant application from the Solicitor and Mayor.
Importantly, she testified that Byrne grants are not in the City’s general fund budget. Instead, the Byrne funds are located in the unanticipated funds budget, which signifies that if the grant is not awarded, the projects for which those funds were allocated will not occur. She emphasized that no funding will be diverted from other sources to pay for what would otherwise have been several projects funded by the Byrne grant, including naloxone supply for officers to use in case of civilian opioid overdose, overtime pay for officers, and case management software used to deliver the City’s limited resources efficiently.
C. Declaration and Testimony of Eva Gladstein Plaintiff also submitted a declaration of Eva Gladstein, who is Deputy Managing Director of Health and Human Services in the Office of Managing Director. After detailing her personal and professional experience, she detailed the City policies and practices regarding what she refers to the “immigrant community,” specifically that the City refrains from asking for immigration status information to determine benefits eligibility. Ms. Gladstein defends this practice and details the number of individuals and children, totaling over 114,000, who have received mental health services through City-funded programs, almost 33,000 individuals who have sought substance abuse treatment through City funded programs, and over 6,000 children who have benefitted from early intervention services by the City. Ms. Gladstein estimates the immigrant community to include approximately 200,000 people, or 13% of the overall population. However, because the City does not collect data or
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statistics regarding immigration status of residents accessing City services, her estimates are not firm numbers. Ms. Gladstein states as follows:
If the City were required to collect immigrant status information as a requisite to providing services, that would have a significant impact on the [immigrant] community’s willingness to access these services, and I would expect a significant drop in these numbers, which would put all Philadelphians at risk. Eva Gladstein also testified at the evidentiary hearing that all five of the agencies she supervises comply with Executive Order 08-09 (“The Confidentiality Order”). She further testified that Philadelphia residents can use the City’s services without regard to immigration status. In fact, the agencies that Ms. Gladstein oversees specifically perform outreach to immigrant communities, often using the City’s language and cultural capacities to do so. Because some of these services are stigmatized—e.g., substance abuse, treatment services—the City has sought to remove as many “obstacles” as possible to ensure that immigrants, like other Philadelphia residents, are able to use the City’s services. For example, Ms. Gladstein explained that the Department of Human Services operates a hotline which receives reports of suspected abuse and neglect of children. These reports generally lead to investigations by the Department, which seeks to determine if the complaint is founded. These investigations typically rely on some measure of cooperation from the child’s neighbors, friends, and family. Ms. Gladstein testified that, without the Confidentiality Order in place, Philadelphia would not receive the same level of cooperation needed to ensure the safety of Philadelphia’s children. Ms. Gladstein also gave examples of other city services under her supervision that would be compromised in the immigrant community if the City’s Confidentiality Order were not in effect, such as emergency shelters, transitional housing, the domestic violence hotline, and
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domestic violence shelters. Ms. Gladstein credibly testified that immigrants would be less likely
to use the City’s services if they feared that their immigration status would be readily revealed to
ICE.
D. Declaration and Testimony of Brian Abernathy Plaintiff filed the declaration of Brian Abernathy, who as First Deputy Managing Director
supervises the Police and Fire and Emergency Management Departments. In addition to
providing details about his personal and professional background, Mr. Abernathy summarizes the
structure and organization of the Police and Fire Departments. He also details prior and existing
mayoral orders, which do not require that immigrants disclose their immigrant status in dealing
with the agencies that he oversees, specifically Philadelphia’s six prison facilities, and the Police
Department.
Mr. Abernathy details in May 2017 a new “consent form” provided by the City to inmates
that gives an inmate the right to speak with a federal immigration official or to decline to do so.
His reasons for this policy were set forth as follows:
It is the expectation that such a policy will further encourage trust by the immigrant community and foster cooperation with law enforcement, without any fears of deportation looming above. The consent-based policy also ensures the orderly administration of Philadelphia’s prisons, by avoiding the unnecessary expenditure of time and resources that sometimes would be incurred when inmates are delivered to ICE only to then exercise their constitutional rights to remain silent or have counsel present.
Mr. Abernathy then details the City’s responses to detainer notification requests by ICE
and justifies them as follows:
The City’s law enforcement protocols, its notification policy, and its consent-based jail access provisions have led its immigration population to trust Philadelphia’s police officers and prosecutors, to believe that reporting a crime or participating as a witness in a trial will not results in that individual or his family being turned over to
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ICE, and to view Philadelphia’s law enforcement personnel not as extensions of ICE or as immigration enforcement agents, but as persons whose primary job is to keep their families and communities safe from crime. If City officials, including Philadelphia police officers, were required to affirmatively collect immigration information, this long built trust with the immigrant community would be broken, compromising public safety and pushing a significant segment of Philadelphia’s community into the shadows. Simply put, we would expect crime reporting and witness participation in criminal proceedings to drop and use of healthcare, education, and other services among segments of the immigration population to be reduced.
Abernathy oversees the day-to-day operations of the City, including public safety
departments like police, fire, and emergency management, and is responsible for establishing
broad policy in fields such as opioid response, immigrant affairs, and homelessness. Through his
work, he interacts with Blanche Carney, Commissioner of the Philadelphia Department of Prisons.
He also testified to enjoying a “professional, cooperative relationship” with ICE—although they
“h[ad their] disagreements”—and referenced a recent meeting at which he explained City policy
regarding immigrants to ICE officials.
Abernathy testified that as of Friday, October 20, 2017, Philadelphia’s six prisons held
some 6,833 inmates, of whom 79% are being held pre-trial, and 17% have been sentenced.
Another 2% have been convicted but not sentenced, and a further 2% are in some other form of
temporary custody. Abernathy several times reiterated that only 17% of inmates in Philadelphia
prisons, who are all serving sentences of 23 months or less, have scheduled release dates.
City law enforcement employ several case management databases, among them the
Preliminary Arraignment Reporting System (PARS), the Automated Fingerprint Information
System (AFIS), and the National Crime Information Center (NCIC). Suspects booked by
Philadelphia police are fingerprinted. The fingerprints are uploaded into a state system, which
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interfaces with federal information, and shared with law enforcement across the country, including ICE. PARS, which is co-owned by the City, the First Judicial District, and the District Attorney, is an information-sharing system for real-time case updates; although PARS does not contain immigration status information, ICE has had access for “a number of years.” A memorandum of understanding with ICE limits access to victim and witness information, however. Abernathy testified to reading on the ICE website that most ICE detainers were generated from biometric data provided by local law enforcement.
Abernathy stated that the City often receives requests for an inmate to be detained at the behest of another jurisdiction or agency. Sometimes these are criminal warrants signed by a judge, such as if an inmate were facing charges in another jurisdiction. In other instances, the City receives civil, administrative detainers from ICE, which are typically signed by an ICE agent. Between December, 2015 and October 20, 2017, the City received 140 ICE detainer requests. Of these 140 detainers, only four were accompanied by a judicial warrant; all four of these individuals are still in custody. When an immigration detainer request is received, it is placed in the inmate’s file and marked within the prison computer system, which also codes whether the detainer is accompanied by a judicial warrant. Abernathy had heard of only one example of an immigration detainer being sent to local police, which made sense, he said, because police hold an individual only briefly.
Abernathy was familiar with City policies regarding immigration status collection and immigration detainers. He stated that Executive Order 8-09 did not prohibit employees from asking about status information, and did not forbid employees from contacting ICE to inquire about an individual’s immigration status, although he did not know why anyone would do this. He repeatedly stressed this importance of respecting court orders and warrants, and described
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issuing a memorandum to Prisons Commissioner Blanche Carney on March 22, 2017 (ECF 1-7) clarifying Executive Order 5-16. That memorandum ordered City prisons to honor all judicial warrants. Pursuant to Executive Order 5-16 and the clarifying memorandum, the City does not hold individuals based on civil ICE detainers alone. The operative question is always whether a judicial warrant was received. He clarified that the City does not honor immigration detainers signed by an immigration judge unaccompanied by a criminal warrant.
When posed with various hypotheticals regarding whether City policies prevented employees from sharing an individual’s status in custody or identifying information, Abernathy frequently seemed puzzled—why was asking City employees necessary when the information was already available to ICE through shared databases? He added that City policies allowed employees to share with ICE an individual’s location, but not that individual’s release date, unless the request for release date was accompanied by a judicial warrant. Providing advance notice of a release date for an unsentenced inmate would also pose administrative burdens and practical problems, Abernathy explained, because inmates are often released directly from court or on short notice pursuant to a court order.
This spring, Abernathy began hearing reports that ICE had been contacting individual prison wardens in order to interview inmates. In response, the City began sending consent forms to inmates that informed them of their right to decline an ICE interview. The policy was a compromise between advocates, who wanted the City to prohibit all ICE access to prisons, and federal immigration authorities. The City has consent forms only for ICE, Abernathy said, because only ICE is investigating civil matters. Since the consent form was implemented, ICE has sought to interview three people, two of whom declined interviews, and the last of whom agreed to be interviewed only in the presence of a lawyer, at which point ICE cancelled the
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interview. Abernathy also oversees the Office of Criminal Justice, which prepares the City’s
application for Byrne JAG grants. The City is planning to use the Byrne grant to pay overtime for officers, fund police officer training regarding use of force, and buy Narcan (also known as Naloxone), a drug that counteracts opioid overdoses, for Philadelphia police officers to administer. Abernathy emphasized the life-saving potential of these programs: the use-of-force training was implemented at the behest of Police Commissioner Ross to cut down on officer-involved shootings, which are now at record lows. And more Narcan doses means more lives saved: Although officers carrying Narcan had made over 300 “saves” this year, Philadelphia suffered 900 deaths from opioid overdoses in 2016, some three times the number of homicides, and is anticipating approximately 1200 deaths this year. Without JAG funds, these programs “would not move forward.”
E. Testimony of Thomas Farley Philadelphia City Health Commissioner Dr. Thomas Farley, MD/MPH, testified that his role as City Health Commissioner requires him to look after the health of all of the City’s 1.56 million residents, some 200,000 of whom are foreign-born. The Department of Public Health employs approximately 1,200 employees under Dr. Farley’s supervision, and oversees aspects of preventive health interventions as diverse as curbing the spread of communicable diseases like HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis; promoting immunizations; encouraging Philadelphia residents to quit smoking; and inspecting restaurants. The Department of Public Health operates numerous public clinics throughout the city, offering primary care services to some 80,000 individuals per year—without regard to immigration status. Dr. Farley testified that cultivating trust with immigrant communities is paramount to the
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work of the Department of Public Health. Many of those seeking treatment from City clinics are immigrants, and the Department employs some 120 bilingual staff, as well as 19 full- or part-time translators. Dr. Farley believes that it is important to the overall health of the City for immigrants to seek preventive services such as vaccinations without fear of immigration consequences. Public health is served when individuals freely seek preventive care and do not stave off care until they need emergency room treatment in the midst of a health crisis.
Dealing with tuberculosis among immigrant communities has proven particularly delicate. Two-thirds of the 75 people with active tuberculosis in Philadelphia are immigrants. Investigating tuberculosis transmission requires Department employees to enter individuals’ homes; treatment protocols require Department employees to watch patients taking their medicine. Destroying this trust would have negative public health consequences for controlling the spread of this disease.
Dr. Farley stressed that he cooperates with federal public health agencies, including the Center for Disease Control. The Department, he testified, does not receive Byrne JAG funds.
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 43 of 132 IX. Review of Sworn Declarations Filed by Defendant in Opposition to Motion
The declaration of the Acting Assistant Attorney General, Alvin Hanson, sets forth the basic facts of the Byrne AG program and are not disputed.
The Jim Brown declaration (ECF 28-2), submitted by defendant, sets forth his position as Deputy Assistant Director of Enforcement of ICE, and several reasons why ICE desires to have immigrant status information provided by state and local governments. The City objected to part of the Brown declaration and the defendant declined the opportunity to present him for live testimony and cross-examination. Therefore, the Court gives low weight to his declaration. Specifically, Mr. Brown does not at all address the various sources of computer-based information through which ICE, like the City, has access to immigrant status information, and those who deserve the status of “criminal aliens”––as to whom Philadelphia policies do not preclude removal. Nor does he discuss specific Philadelphia policies providing exceptions for persons convicted of felony crimes, or for whom there is a judicial warrant.
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X. Findings of Fact Based on the facts presented by the various declarations summarized above, and the
testimony received at the hearing on October 26, 2017, the Court makes the following findings of fact:
1. All of the witnesses called by the City to testify are credible and the Court will give significant weight to their testimony, which is based on their personal knowledge as City officials and/or employees.
2. The Attorney General’s phrase for certain cities, including Philadelphia, is “Sanctuary Cities”––which this Court rejects as a misnomer. Philadelphia is not a sanctuary for anyone involved in criminal conduct, nor is it a sanctuary as to any law enforcement investigation, prosecution, or imprisonment after having been found guilty of a crime. The Court does not need a label for Philadelphia’s policies.
3. The City has a comprehensive criminal justice system reflecting the broad continuum that must deal with crime in a large urban setting, ranging from minor offenses for which there is usually very little or no jail time upon conviction, but also dealing with recidivist and violent criminals who deserve and receive lengthy prison sentences. This City policy extends through many City agencies, including the police department, responsible for law enforcement, through the District Attorney’s Office, and its investigation and prosecution function, through the Defender Association and various private attorneys who defend individuals accused of crime, the court system and the prison system which is responsible for custodial maintenance of those sentenced to prison. This continuum includes the probation department and other social service agencies which provide useful services to individuals who may be awaiting trial, or have served any sentence but are still under court supervision, and are re-entering society.
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4. The conditions that the Attorney General has placed on receipt of Byrne JAG grants have no relationship to successful police practice or the enforcement of criminal laws in the City. Arrest and prosecution of non-citizens who have committed crimes, is an important part of law enforcement. However, disclosing their immigration status to ICE has nothing to do with law enforcement, and will not prevent crime. The City has adopted policies designed to improve re-entry, to encourage non-criminal behavior by individuals who were previously convicted of a crime, whether citizens or aliens, and to preserve public health.
5. The City’s reasons for this were well explained during the testimony, particularly by Police Commissioner Ross, Deputy Managing Director Abernathy, and Dr. Farley. Their reasons express valid principles of public health, of undue burdensomeness of administrative adherence to the ICE requests, and the reasonable and fact-based belief that giving ICE 48 hours’ notice of release of an immigrant would endanger public safety, and also endanger public health. The reasons for this are set forth in the testimony and include the concept of rehabilitation once an individual leaves a prison setting, the need for individuals to have jobs so they can support themselves and their families, and to educate their children, without fear of deportation.
6. Nonetheless, the City has a firm policy that it will honor judicial warrants and, as various witnesses pointed out, ICE as a federal law enforcement agency has access to the same national databases as any other law enforcement agency, from which ICE can secure information about where an individual subject to removal/deportation, has recorded his or her last known address and other important facts such as medications, continuing of medication for certain diseases, etc.
7. The 48 hour Notice requirement, if strictly enforced, would impose substantial administrative burdens by City personnel, and may require hiring additional employees, at a
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significant but unnecessary cost. The testimony established only 17% of the occupants of Philadelphia City prisons are sentenced and have a “release date.”
8. In the prison setting, the recent requirement of providing 48 hours’ advance notice would not only create administrative burdens, but would be basically impossible to administer, even with extra personnel. As noted above, only 17% of the inmates in Philadelphia City prisons have actually been sentenced, and would have a release date. As to an inmate who has not been tried, or has been convicted but not been sentenced, or has been sentenced to a term of 24 months or more (and thus will be transported to a state institution), compliance with the 48 hour notice is impossible. The City has no way of knowing the release date of individuals who were in that prison without the specific sentence having been imposed by a judge.
9. The City’s policy of respecting judicial warrants serves a valid purpose and will enable ICE to fully perform its immigration and law enforcement functions. As noted at the hearing, City law enforcement officials, as well as ICE, have access to national databases that indicate the name, any aliases, and addresses, past, present and future, of individuals, whether citizens or aliens. Thus, ICE really has no need for the City to designate individuals who are subject to a specific release date.
10. As to the request for interviews, once again ICE has access to information of criminal aliens who are subject to deportation and can check that database information against the listing of inmates in the Philadelphia prison system, which is periodically reviewed and updated.
11. As Commissioner Ross testified, both citizens and non-citizens who happen to be in prison are anxious to get out of prison. Most of them want to resume a normal life with a paying job and a constructive family life. The Court finds that if the City were to succumb to the DOJ conditions at issue here, that there would be a marked decrease in the provision of City
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services to aliens, whether criminal or otherwise, but not presently in prison, and the overall security and safety of many neighborhoods and communities would suffer.
12. There is no evidence in the record whatsoever that non-citizens in Philadelphia commit any more crimes than the citizens. In fact, Commissioner Ross testified that Philadelphia born and bred residents are much more responsible for crime in the City of Philadelphia than aliens.
13. Dr. Farley, Health Commissioner, corroborated this testimony and gave specific examples of how designating and publicizing immigration status information, of non-citizen residents would be counterproductive to public health. As one example, there are a number of communicable and infectious diseases prevalent in a large city as Philadelphia at various times, and if infected non-citizens had to disclose their immigrant status and their addresses to City agencies, with later disclosure to ICE, they would likely not accept any kind of care where they would have to disclose their non-citizenship status, and thus, there would be a significant exposure of City residents to these diseases. These individuals currently do not have to disclose their non-citizenship status, but if they were required to do so, this would cause spread of an infectious disease much to the detriment of the entire City.
14. The evidence of record in this case, and considerable research, including newspaper accounts of the discussions in Congress over “immigration reform” lead the Court to find that the federal immigration authorities have, for decades, concentrated virtually exclusively on the removal of aliens who have committed crimes. The extensive discussion below, of the various immigration provisions, and criminal sanctions for immigration violations, show that the emphasis on federal removal practices is limited to a group that could be fairly described as “criminal aliens” – those non-citizens who have committed serious (felony) crimes while present
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in the United States. The Court has no disagreement whatsoever with these policies, and they are really not relevant for the issues in this case, except that the fact has been established that, over decades, only criminal aliens have been subject to removal.
15. The Court agrees with footnote 4 in the City’s proposed findings of fact (ECF 65), that of the estimated 11 million non-citizen immigrants in the United States, only 8% would be classified as criminal aliens. The policies in practice of the federal government for decades have been basically to ignore removal practices against “visa overstayers.”9 However, the breadth, and the generalizations implied in the Attorney General’s conditions, which are the subject of the City’s motion for preliminary injunction, threaten to include visa overstayers and other non-citizen immigrants who cannot be classified as criminal aliens. Examples of this would be persons arrested for minor crimes and not convicted, immigrants arrested and convicted for minor crimes but receiving very minimal sentences, and also individuals who may find themselves in prison, having been found in contempt of court for failure to pay child support or similar family court sanctions. None of these groups can be classified as criminal aliens. Furthermore, as Commissioner Ross explained, some ICE policies seek to use civil “immigration detainers” to require City prisons to detain aliens who have been notified of removal proceedings, irrespective of any status as a criminal alien, which may reflect a change in the existing policy of non-enforcement as to visa overstayers, but the record is not clear on this point.
16. The Court has reviewed the City’s proposed findings of fact (ECF 65), and finds that they accurately reflect the contents of the various memoranda that were discussed by the witnesses at the hearing, and the impact which the Attorney General’s conditions would have on
9 As discussed in more detail below, a first offense of illegal entry into the United States is a misdemeanor, but subsequent convictions are a felony. 8 U.S.C. § 1325. This type of alien is generally not included in the term “criminal alien” and in any event does not represent any significant numbers of aliens in Philadelphia. There may be significantly larger number of illegal entrants in the western United States.
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these very valid City practices. The Court does not see a need to incorporate in detail all of the provisions of the various memoranda, but agrees that they establish valid municipal policies, including law enforcement practices, and that the decision of the City not to make disclosure of an immigrant’s status on any publicly available reports is a sound one, that is not in violation of any federal law, and serves valid public policy and public health principles.
17. ICE is legitimately concerned about release of convicted criminal aliens from prison and into a community. The Philadelphia policies provide an exception for any person as to whom a judicial warrant is lodged as a detainer. The various computer databases described by Police Commissioner Ross provide ample data to ICE to identify criminal aliens who are situated in Philadelphia prisons for whatever reason. Obtaining a judicial warrant is not a burdensome procedure. ICE enforcement officers are well trained in preparing warrants based on “probable cause” as the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides. Numerous United States judicial officers in this court are available on a 24/7 basis to review and approve warrants, which can then be transmitted electronically to a Philadelphia prison and lodged as a detainer against an inmate.
18. The various arguments and reasons that the Attorney General gave for the conditions are refuted by the testimony of the City witnesses. The Attorney General does point out, see Proposed Finding of Fact 42 (ECF 64) that there are certain instances in which Byrne JAG grant money could be used to assist a former prison inmate who is an alien, for whom ICE seeks removal, such as a person not convicted of a felony, and for whom ICE did not secure a judicial warrant. The Court finds these instances are likely to be very few in number and that the beneficial law enforcement and public health benefits of the City’s policies would outweigh any minor disregard of ICE policies.
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19. Based on the foregoing Findings of Facts, and the discussion below, the Court finds that the City is in substantial compliance with the Challenged Conditions for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant and that it can certify its compliance with Section 1373. Any lack of strict compliance is de minimis, as Philadelphia policies provide no safe harbor nor sanctuary for any criminal alien.
20. Denial of the Byrne JAG grant for FY 2017 would result in irreparable harm. The testimony shows that this money constitutes 10% of Philadelphia Police budget for non-personnel uses, and this would make a substantial inroad on City programs which have depended on the Byrne JAG grants in prior years. Denial will deter crime prevention efforts, and also public health efforts, such as fighting the opioid epidemic.
21. In conclusion, the undersigned notes his experience as an Assistant District Attorney in Philadelphia, and also serving as United States Attorney in this district, which has given me substantial personal experience in the workings of the criminal justice system, the availability of judicial warrants, the cooperation between federal and local officials, the data contained on computer-based information about criminal histories, of people arrested, likely including their immigrant status or at least data showing that they are immigrants, and whether legal immigrants, or visa overstayers.
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XI. The APA and the Challenged Conditions The APA exempts from rulemaking requirements any “matter relating to agency
management or personnel or to public property, loans, grants, benefits, or contracts.” 5 U.S.C. § 553(a)(2) (emphasis added). Although this exception may have “create[d] a serious gap in the procedural protections the APA was enacted to provide,” it is clear that the language, “any matter relating to . . . grants,” includes an agency’s imposition of grant conditions. Nat’l Wildlife Fed’n v. Snow, 561 F.2d 227, 231 (D.C. Cir. 1976).
Therefore, grant conditions—such as those at issue in this case—are not subject to the rulemaking requirements of 5 U.S.C. § 553, including requirements that the agency publish general notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, § 553(b) (i.e., notice), and provide interested persons an opportunity to participate in rulemaking through submission of written data or arguments, § 553(c) (i.e., comment).10
The JAG Program’s enabling statute provides for limited procedural protection to be afforded to grant applicants. It states, “[t]he Attorney General shall not finally disapprove any application . . . submitted under this part without first affording the applicant reasonable notice of any deficiencies in the application and opportunity for correction and reconsideration.” 34 U.S.C. § 10154.
The JAG Program statute also clearly delegates authority to the Attorney General to “issue rules to carry out this part.” 34 U.S.C. § 10155.
Philadelphia does not claim that the Attorney General lacked all authority to promulgate grant conditions, failed to provide a required notice-and-comment period, denied the City notice of
10 The Supreme Court has cautioned that while “[a]gencies are free to grant additional procedural rights in the exercise of their discretion, [] reviewing courts are generally not free to impose them if” the agencies “employed at least the statutory minima.” Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 435 U.S. 519, 524, 548 (1978).
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perceived deficiencies, or failed to provide an opportunity for the City to seek reconsideration of the Attorney General’s decision to impose the Challenged Conditions. Instead, Philadelphia brings three claims under APA section 706, contending that the Attorney General:
(1) acted in excess of his statutory authority (and contrary to the authorizing federal statute);
(2) violated the Constitution’s separation of powers; and, (3) acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner. However, before analyzing Philadelphia’s claims, this Court must first determine whether the Attorney General’s action is in fact final and reviewable. A. Final Agency Action First, the Attorney General challenges Philadelphia’s APA claims on the grounds that there has been no “final agency action” and thus, that the claims are not ripe for this Court’s review. Therefore, the threshold question with respect to the APA claims is whether the DOJ “consummated its decision-making process” such that the action of imposing the grant conditions is “final” and therefore ripe for judicial review.
1. The Parties’ Contentions The Attorney General claims that the City’s APA claims are likely to fail because the City’s challenge relates to non-final agency action. The FY 2017 Byrne grant process is still unfolding, without any ultimate decision as to whether Philadelphia will be awarded Byrne funds. According, the Attorney General contends, there has been no “consummation” of DOJ’s decision-making process. The APA does not permit judicial review unless the agency has made a final determination, and as a result, the Attorney General asserts that the City’s APA claims are not yet ripe. Philadelphia claims that the agency action—in this case the imposition of the Challenged
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Conditions—is final because the Department definitively announced that it “was going to impose
three new conditions.” The City points to the Attorney General’s own presentation of facts,
which demonstrates that each locality’s FY 2017 Byrne Program award will contain the
Challenged Conditions. (See Hanson Decl. ¶ 5). Because the Attorney General can impose the
new conditions at any time—especially if the nationwide stay is reversed in the City of Chicago
case—the agency has acted.
2. The Agency Action at Issue is Final “As a general matter, two conditions must be satisfied for agency action to be ‘final’:
First, the action must mark the ‘consummation’ of the agency’s decisionmaking process . . . it must not be of a merely tentative or interlocutory nature. And second, the action must be one by which ‘rights or obligations have been determined,’ or from which ‘legal consequences will flow’ . . . .”
Ocean Cty. Landfill Corp. v. U.S. E.P.A., Region II, 631 F.3d 652, 655 (3d Cir. 2011) (quoting
Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154, 177–78 (1997)). The following factors are used to determine
whether an agency action is final:
1) whether the decision represents the agency's definitive position on the question; 2) whether the decision has the status of law with the expectation of immediate compliance; 3) whether the decision has immediate impact on the day-to-day operations of the party seeking review; 4) whether the decision involves a pure question of law that does not require further factual development; and 5) whether immediate judicial review would speed enforcement of the relevant act. Univ. of Med. & Dentistry of N.J. v. Corrigan, 347 F.3d 57, 69 (3d Cir. 2003) (citations omitted).
The Court agrees with Philadelphia that the Attorney General has decided to impose the
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which legal consequences will flow. The Attorney General’s decision to impose the conditions
“represents the agency's definitive position on the question,” such that it is now “final” and ripe for
this Court’s review. Corrigan, 347 F.3d at 69; see Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136, 149
(1967).
B. The City’s Challenges under APA Section 706 In reviewing agency action, this Court must use the defined “Scope of Review” contained
in 5 U.S.C. § 706. Section 706 states in relevant part:
To the extent necessary to decision and when presented, the reviewing court shall decide all relevant questions of law, interpret constitutional and statutory provisions, and determine the meaning or applicability of the terms of an agency action. The reviewing court shall—
(2) hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be—
(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; (B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity; or (C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right;
For reasons that will become clearer below, this Court will analyze the City’s claims
pursuant to Section 706 in the following order:
(1) The Attorney General acted in excess of statutory authority;
(2) The Attorney General acted arbitrarily and capriciously; and
(3) The Attorney General acted contrary to the Constitution.
1. Statutory Authority The Attorney General cites to two different statutory provisions as purported authorization
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The first is 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which authorizes the Assistant Attorney General (“AAG”) of OJP to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants” and to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.” The Attorney General claims that this section authorizes all three Challenged Conditions.
The second source of statutory authorization claimed by the Attorney General is 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), which requires JAG Program applicants to include a “certification” that “the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” The Attorney General claims that this section authorizes the Certification Condition.
Below, each of the bases for statutory authority is addressed in turn. a) “Special Conditions” Authorization
The Attorney General claims authority to impose all three of the Challenged Conditions under 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which states in relevant part:
The Assistant Attorney General shall . . . exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.
(1) The Parties’ Contentions The City claims that this provision does not provide any independent basis of authority to the AAG—let alone the Attorney General himself—because the statute states plainly that the AAG is empowered only with that authority conferred by “this chapter” or “by delegation.” The Attorney General contends that the City’s reading would render a portion of the provision superfluous, and therefore, the reading cannot be correct. Instead, the Attorney General reads the provision as a conferral of “broad power,” limited only by the Constitution and jurisdictions’ ability to reject overly demanding obligations.
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(2) Section 10102(a)(6) Does Not Authorize Any Challenged Condition
This Court concludes that reading 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) as a conferral of authority on the Attorney General to impose the Challenged Conditions would require this Court to overlook several impediments.
First, 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6)’s grant of authority to the AAG is located in a different subchapter from the Byrne Program.
Second, the statute does not state that it applies 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) to the rest of the chapter, let alone to the Byrne Program. Chapter 101—in which the JAG Program and 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) both appear—relates to grants for wide-ranging topics such a residential substance abuse treatment and criminal child support enforcement. If 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) were found to apply to the JAG Program, such grants would also be subject to conditions under the Attorney General’s purported “broad power,” an interpretation which, according to the Attorney General, would be limited only by the Constitution and the prospect of state and local jurisdictions rejecting the condition—an apparent toppling of Congress’s appropriations to those programs.
Third, if 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) were to apply to the Byrne Program, it would render superfluous the explicit statutory authority Congress gave to the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance (“BJA”) on other BJA grants. See id. § 10142(B) (“The Director shall have the following duties: . . . Establishing programs . . . [and] awarding and allocating funds . . . on terms and conditions determined by the Director to be consistent with Part B of subchapter V of this chapter”).
Fourth, Congress delegated authority to impose conditions on other grants in the same chapter, and did so clearly. See, e.g., id. § 10446(e)(3) (In the subsection relating to grants for efforts to combat violence against women, it states, “[i]n disbursing grants under this subchapter,
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the Attorney General may impose reasonable conditions on grant awards to ensure that the States meet statutory, regulatory, and other program requirements.”). “Where Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion.” Russello v. U.S., 464 U.S. 16, 23 (1983). What is more, “[w]e do not lightly assume that Congress has omitted from its adopted text requirements that it nonetheless intends to apply, and our reluctance is even greater when Congress has shown elsewhere in the same statute that it knows how to make such a requirement manifest.” Jama v. Immigration & Customs Enf’t, 543 U.S. 335, 341 (2005).
Fifth, Congress is unlikely to ground the Attorney General’s authority to impose substantive conditions in a subsection dedicated to conferring power on the AAG.
Sixth, the term “special conditions” referred to in the subsection––which states that the “powers and functions” vested in the AAG “includ[e] placing special conditions on all grants,” id. § 10153(a)(6)––is a term of art for conditions intended for “high-risk grantees” with difficulty adhering to existing grant requirements. See 28 C.F.R. § 66.12(a) (in effect from Mar. 11, 1988 to Dec. 25, 2014) (listing possible problems as justifying “special conditions,” including that the grantee “[i]s not financially stable”); see also, 7 C.F.R. § 550.10 (defining “special conditions” for the Department of Agriculture); 34 C.F.R. § 80.12 (same for the Department of Education); 45 C.F.R. § 74.14 (same for the Department of Health and Human Services); see also Brief of Amici Curiae ACLU, National Immigrant Justice Center, et al., at 11–13.
Thus, it is clear that § 10102(a)(6) was not intended to confer upon the Attorney General the authority to impose the Challenged Conditions.
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b) “All Other Applicable Federal Laws” Authorization
The Attorney General contends that, independent of the authority conferred to the AAG in
34 U.S.C. § 10102, a separate source of authority supports the Section 1373 Certification
Condition, namely 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), which states:
To request a grant under this part, the chief executive officer of a State or unit of local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General within 120 days after the date on which funds to carry out this part are appropriated for a fiscal year, in such form as the Attorney General may require. Such application shall include the following: [...] (5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that— [...] (D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.
(Emphasis added).
(1) The Parties’ Contentions
The City asserts that while Section 1373 is a Federal law, it is not an applicable Federal
law. While acknowledging that the phrase “applicable Federal laws” is not defined in the statute,
the City states that the most reasonable interpretation is that the phrase refers to Federal laws that
“directly speak to recipients on federal funds.” This interpretation is reinforced, it contends, by
the fact that it is a “residual” term within the longer phrase, “all provisions of this part and all other
applicable Federal laws,” such that the residual term is limited by the qualities of the specific term.
(See 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D)). Thus, the City asserts, the term “all other applicable Federal
laws” should be interpreted as “referring to other federal statutes that, similarly, impose
requirements on federal grantees.”
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the Attorney General’s statutory authorization, the City compares the Byrne statute to other federal statutes in which Congress conferred discretion upon the executive branch to add substantive conditions to federal grants or establish criteria for grant distribution that go beyond the stated text or purpose of the statute. The City also highlights that Congress made delegations of the same kind to the DOJ and Attorney General for other grant programs codified in the same Chapter of Title 34 as the Byrne Program.
Philadelphia also suggests that reading 34 U.S.C. § 10153 to allow the Attorney General to create conditions, such as the Section 1373 Certification Condition, would upend the formula approach that Congress created for distributing Byrne funds based on jurisdictions’ populations and rates of violent crime, because it would permit the Attorney General to substitute his preferred criteria for the express statistical criteria Congress established. The City points to the stated purpose of the JAG Program—to fund local criminal justice agencies to implement programs that, in their view, will assist in criminal justice efforts—in order to emphasize that Congress did not intend to confer discretion in the hands of the Attorney General to impose the Certification Condition.
The City also contends that the legislative history of the Byrne statute and Section 1373 confirm that the Certification Condition exceeds the Attorney General’s authority. Citing the legislative purposes of the Byrne Program’s two predecessor statutes, as well as that of the Byrne Program itself, the City asserts that Congress did not intend to authorize the Attorney General to override the flexible use of funds by state and local governments as they believe best suit their own criminal justice systems. Moreover, the City urges the Court to make a “negative inference” that Congress did not intend for Section 1373 certification to be a requirement for receipt of Byrne funds because Congress has proposed and subsequently rejected provisions in several bills that
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would have tied Section 1373 compliance to eligibility for Byrne funds and other federal grants. Philadelphia also asserts that the Section 1373 Certification Condition departs radically
from the Attorney General’s historical practice because Section 1373 is not substantively “applicable” to the Byrne Program’s focus on strengthening criminal justice systems. The City contends that the Attorney General’s “new interpretation” of the Byrne statute would substantially expand the DOJ’s authority without clear congressional authorization.
Contrary to the City, which views Section 1373 as a Federal law that is not “applicable,” the Attorney General asserts that the term “applicable laws” has been interpreted broadly by federal courts and that the most natural reading of the provision is that “applicable Federal laws” refers to all federal laws that actually apply independently to JAG Program grantees. For example, the Attorney General contends that because all grantees are state and local jurisdictions, “applicable” could mean that the DOJ cannot require those jurisdictions to certify compliance with Federal laws that apply only to private individuals.
The Attorney General also disputes the City’s contention that the imposition of the Section 1373 Certification Condition would run contrary to the JAG Program’s purpose of enabling state and local jurisdictions to use JAG Program funds in furtherance of their own criminal justice prerogatives. According to the Attorney General, because the Certification Condition relates to eligibility to receive funds, rather than directing how a grantee must spend the funds received, it does not contravene Congress’s stated purpose for the JAG Program. In fact, the Attorney General contends, the Section 1373 Certification Condition does even less to mandate a universal approach than, for example, the annual requirement attached to Byrne funds that prohibits the use of award funds to purchase various types of equipment and weapons.
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consistent with the historical discretionary conditions that the DOJ has imposed, such as the equipment and weapons restriction mentioned above and requirements that certain training be completed for law enforcement task forces in jurisdictions that receive Byrne funds.
Lastly, the Attorney General asserts that the City’s citation of various statutes in which Congress delegated to agencies the discretionary power to impose grant conditions shows nothing more than that Congress routinely delegates such power using a variety of textual formulations.
Lastly, the Attorney General cautions the Court not to credit the City’s argument that a “negative inference” can be drawn by Congress’s repeated consideration and rejection of bill provisions that would have tied Byrne and other federal grant eligibility to Section 1373 compliance.
(2) Section 10153(a)(5)(D) May Authorize The Certification Condition
The statutory language is far from unambiguous as it applies to the present case, as it is unclear whether Congress intended to permit the Attorney General to require certification from JAG Program applicants on “Federal laws” in contexts beyond the awarding of federal grants. It is clear that the present case is not guided by the first part of subsection (D), requiring certification of compliance with “all provisions of this part,” as Section 1373 is not contained within the same Part as 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Therefore, whether the Certification Condition falls inside or outside the Attorney General’s Congressionally-delegated authority turns on the phrase, “all other applicable Federal laws.”
This Court agrees with the Court in City of Chicago v. Sessions, insofar as that Court found that “[b]oth positions are plausible.” 2017 WL 4081821, at *7. However, because this Court rests its decision to grant the motion for preliminary injunction on other grounds, it need not conclude at this time whether the Attorney General acted outside his delegated authority. It
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suffices to say that the question is a “close call.” 2. Arbitrary and Capricious
The APA requires this Court to “hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A). In many cases, an agency’s findings and conclusions are well-documented as part of formal rulemaking, notice-and-comment requirements, and associated hearings. However, as mentioned above, none of those procedures are required here, because the City is challenging grant conditions.
a) The Parties’ Contentions The City claims that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions was arbitrary and capricious. First, it contends that the DOJ deviated from its prior practice of granting Byrne funds without any requirements of this type and without any sound reason or explanation. Second, it claims that the DOJ failed to rely on reasoned decision-making in reaching its decision to impose the Challenged Conditions. Third, the City contends that the justifications offered by the Attorney General in public statements run counter to the testimonials provided by several jurisdictions evidencing that the policies promote rather than detract from effective policing. Lastly, the City criticizes the DOJ for failing to release reports, studies, or analysis in support of the Challenged Conditions. The Attorney General asserts that the City’s claims that the DOJ acted in an “arbitrary and capricious” manner are likely to fail because the standard for review is unexacting and the connection between criminal justice funding and the Challenged Conditions is apparent under DOJ’s “common-sense rationale.” Because, the Attorney General contends, federal immigration enforcement undoubtedly intersects with criminal justice, conditioning Byrne funding on
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compliance with Section 1373 passes the low standard of review applied to claims of arbitrary and capricious agency action. Moreover, the Attorney General asserts that the Inspector General report finding deteriorating local cooperation with “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States,” (ECF 1-10, at 1-2 n. 1), justifies the Certification Condition.
An agency’s departure from prior practice can serve as a basis for finding an agency’s interpretation to be arbitrary and capricious, so long as the change in policy constitutes an “unexplained inconsistency.” Nat’l Cable & Telecomms. Ass’n v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967, 981 (2005); see also Motor Vehicles Mfrs. Ass’n v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 42–43; Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro, 136 S. Ct. 2117 (2016); FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 515 (2009). However, where Courts found that an agency’s policy shift were found to constitute an “unexplained inconsistency,” the agencies had an explicit rule in place, only to later issue the opposite rule with limited or no explanation. See, e.g., Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2123 (Department of Labor reversed its rule that service advisors at automobile dealers were exempt from overtime payments under the Fair Labor Standards Act, but “gave little explanation for its decision”); Motor Vehicles, 463 U.S. at 35 (“Briefly summarized, we hold that the agency failed to present an adequate basis and explanation for rescinding the passive restraint requirement and that the agency must either consider the matter further or adhere to or amend [the rule] along lines which its analysis supports.”). Importantly, an agency “need not demonstrate to a court’s satisfaction that the reasons for the new policy are better than the reasons for the old one . . . it suffices that the new policy is permissible under the statute . . . .” FCC, 556 U.S. at 515.
Nonetheless, “an agency must give adequate reasons for its decisions.” Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125. An agency “must examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for
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its action including rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S. at 43. An agency’s action is not considered the result of “reasoned decision-making” when the agency:
1. “has relied on factors which Congress has not intended it to consider,” 2. “entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem,” 3. “offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before
the agency, or” 4. Provides a justification that “is so implausible that it could not be ascribed to a
difference in view or the product of agency expertise.” Id. (emphasis added).
Notably, a claim based on the “arbitrary and capricious” standard is accorded a “narrow standard of review” under which “a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the agency.” FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 513–14 (2009).
The Attorney General points to three public explanations to demonstrate that the DOJ articulated “adequate reasons for its decisions” to impose the three conditions.
First, the DOJ issued a “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements” on July 25, 2017. (ECF 1, Ex. 1).
Second, the Attorney General issued a press release, also on July 25, 2017. See DOJ Press Release No. 17-826.
Third, the Attorney General points to a May, 2016 memorandum, discussed previously, in which the Office of the Inspector General presents findings to DOJ on local and state compliance with Section 1373.
As demonstrated below, the three items that the Attorney General cites as evincing “adequate reasons for [DOJ’s] decisions,” Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125, do not “articulate a satisfactory explanation for [DOJ’s] action.” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S. at 43.
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b) The “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements”
The Backgrounder explained that the new conditions have a “goal of increasing
information sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement” so that “federal
immigration authorities have the information they need to enforce the law and keep our
communities safe.” (ECF 1, Exh. 1). The Backgrounder continued:
These common-sense measures will improve the flow of information between federal, state, and local law enforcement, and help keep our communities safe. Every year, the Department of Justice awards billions of dollars in grants to state and local jurisdictions across the United States. Unfortunately, some of these jurisdictions have adopted policies and regulations that frustrate the enforcement of federal immigration law, including by refusing to cooperate with federal immigration authorities in information sharing about illegal aliens who commit crimes.
These measures will also prevent the counterproductive use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement. By refusing to communicate with the federal officials, these jurisdictions jeopardize the safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce crime and violence.
The Backgrounder demonstrates DOJ’s concerns with:
1. jurisdictions that “refus[e] to cooperate with federal immigration authorities in information sharing about illegal aliens who commit crimes,”
2. the “use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement,” and
3. “jurisdictions [that] jeopardize the safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce crime and violence.”
These are reasonable goals, and, to the extent authorized by statute and the Constitution,
the Attorney General may impose conditions on grant money based on these goals so long as there
is a “rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S.
at 43. However, certifying compliance with Section 1373 does not have a rational connection
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with these goals. With respect to the first concern of the Backgrounder—reducing or eliminating the flow of
Byrne funds to jurisdictions that do not share information about illegal aliens who commit crimes—Section 1373 is far too broad. By its plain language, Section 1373 is not limited to illegal aliens who commit crimes.
Section 1373(a), for example, states that a “local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, [INS] information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.” (Emphasis added). Thus, it explicitly encompasses United States citizens as well as immigrants with lawful status.
Section 1373(b) suffers the same inadequacy by referencing “lawful” immigrants, stating that “no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual: Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, [INS] . . . .”
Section 1373(c) does not obligate state and local jurisdictions to perform any task. Instead it directs its focus at INS itself, stating that “INS shall respond to an inquiry by [agencies] seeking to verify or ascertain the citizenship or immigration status of any individual . . . .” Therefore, when a state or city like Philadelphia certifies compliance with Section 1373, they functionally only certify compliance with 1373(a) and (b), which, as mentioned above, are far too broadly drawn to find their justification in information-sharing regarding illegal immigrants who commit crimes.
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accomplished by the Certification Condition. If DOJ were to impose a condition prohibiting the “use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement,” that would be an example of a rule geared towards that end. However, the Attorney General’s Certification condition does not restrict the use of Byrne funds based on whether the funds are used to frustrate the ends of federal immigration enforcement. Instead, practically speaking, the Certification Condition prevents the flow of Byrne funds to jurisdictions that the DOJ deems to be non-compliant with Section 1373, which, as mentioned above, includes immigration status information about United States citizens. And at the risk of stating the obvious, United States citizens are not subject to federal immigration enforcement. It would strain credulity—and the “arbitrary and capricious” standard—if this Court were to find that the Certification Condition furthers DOJ’s goal of prohibiting “use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement.” For example, if the Certification Condition is imposed, the City will not be able to obtain funding for naloxone to treat opioid overdoses. This alone demonstrates that the Certification condition is geared not towards the use of Byrne funds, but rather the user of Byrne funds.
The third concern expressed in the DOJ’s Backgrounder is that, through lack of cooperation with federal immigration authorities, “jurisdictions jeopardize the safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce crime and violence.” However, DOJ has not anywhere asserted that there is a link between localities maintaining as confidential the immigration status of non-criminal aliens or citizens and increases in crime and violence. If anything, Philadelphia has demonstrated through testimony that the policies it has implemented encourage immigrants to seek medical services that prevent the spread of communicable diseases, report crime, and apprehend criminal suspects who may recidivate and
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harm other residents. Philadelphia has also demonstrated that those who commit crime in the
City are not given “sanctuary” by virtue of their immigration status. In light of the evidence that
Philadelphia has presented, and the lack of any contrary evidence cited by the Attorney General,
this Court cannot find a link between, on one hand, imposing the Certification Condition, and on
the other hand, “protect[ing] the public and reduc[ing] crime and violence.”
In summary, no objective discussed in the Backgrounder justifies the Certification
Condition.
c) The July 25, 2017 Press Release
Next, this Court considers the Attorney General’s second source in seeking to demonstrate
that the DOJ articulated “adequate reasons for its decisions” to impose the three conditions. See
DOJ Press Release No. 17-826. The release stated that the new conditions were aimed at
“increas[ing] information sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement,” as well as
“ensuring that federal immigration authorities have the information they need to enforce
immigration laws and keep our communities safe.” It continued:
So-called “sanctuary' policies make all of us less safe because they intentionally undermine our laws and protect illegal aliens who have committed crimes,” Attorney General Jeff Sessions said. “These policies also encourage illegal immigration and even human trafficking by perpetuating the lie that in certain cities, illegal aliens can live outside the law. This can have tragic consequences, like the 10 deaths we saw in San Antonio this weekend. As part of accomplishing the Department of Justice's top priority of reducing violent crime, we must encourage these 'sanctuary' jurisdictions to change their policies and partner with federal law enforcement to remove criminals. From now on, the Department will only provide Byrne JAG grants to cities and states that comply with federal law, allow federal immigration access to detention facilities, and provide 48 hours notice [sic] before they release an illegal alien wanted by federal authorities. This is consistent with long-established cooperative principles among law enforcement agencies. This is what the American people should be able to expect from their cities and states, and these long overdue requirements will help us take
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down MS-13 and other violent transnational gangs, and make our country safer.
Id. The Press Release thus makes the following claims, without any support whatsoever:
1. “Sanctuary policies” make “all of us less safe,” 2. “Sanctuary policies” “protect illegal aliens who have committed crimes,” 3. “Sanctuary policies” “encourage illegal immigration” and “human trafficking,” 4. “Sanctuary policies” “perpetuat[e] the lie that in certain cities, illegal aliens can
live outside the law,” 5. “Sanctuary policies” led to “the 10 deaths we saw in San Antonio,” [apparently
referring to the then-recent deaths of ten Mexican and Guatemalan nationals who attempted to illegally cross the border in the back of a poorly ventilated tractor-trailer] 6. “Encourag[ing] these “sanctuary jurisdictions” to change their policies” is “part of the [DOJ’s] top priority of reducing violence crime,” 7. The Challenged Conditions are “consistent with long-established cooperative principles among law enforcement agencies,” 8. The Challenged Conditions “will help us take down MS-13 and other violent transnational gangs,” and, 9. The Challenged Conditions “make our country safer.”
Claims 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 all parrot the third “concern” in the Backgrounder, i.e., that,
through lack of cooperation with federal immigration authorities, “jurisdictions jeopardize the
safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce
crime and violence.” Backgrounder at 1. However, as explained in the prior discussion about
that concern, DOJ has not anywhere demonstrated a link between localities maintaining as
confidential the immigration status of non-criminal aliens or citizens and increases in crime and
violence, let alone “illegal immigration” and “human trafficking.” See Claim #3. Nonetheless,
Section 1373 prohibits cities from protecting immigration status, including as it pertains to lawful
immigrants and citizens.
Claims 2 and 4 are factually untrue in Philadelphia: the City’s policies do not protect illegal
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aliens who commit crimes. Criminal aliens are not shielded from criminal prosecution or from federal immigration authorities.
While true in the most abstract sense, Claim 7 is untrue in this particular circumstance. “[S]ince 1996, the United States government has never sought to enforce [Section 1373] against a state or local government,” and neither the DOJ nor any other agency has made compliance with Section 1373 a requirement of receiving a federal grant. Elizabeth M. McCormick, Federal Anti-Sanctuary Law: A Failed Approach to Immigration Enforcement and a Poor Substitute for Real Reform, 20 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 165, 170 (2016). Even if the Certification condition were considered “consistent with” principles of cooperation between agencies, DOJ lacks the requisite “adequate reasons” vis-à-vis this particular condition.
d) The 2016 OIG Report Third, the Attorney General seeks to justify the Certification Condition based on a memorandum from May, 2016, in which the OIG presents findings to DOJ on compliance with Section 1373 from local and state jurisdictions. That report, in summary, advised that local cooperation had “deteriorated” with respect to “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States,” and proposed––among other ideas––that the DOJ “provide clear guidance to grant recipients regarding whether Section 1373 is an ‘applicable federal law’ that recipients would be expected to comply with in order to satisfy relevant grant rules and regulations.” (ECF 1, Ex. 10). Notably, the memorandum did not purport to assess the wisdom of such a proposal and its effect on immigration policy or criminal justice; instead, the memorandum’s scope was limited to assessing whether jurisdictions that received grant awards were in fact complying with Section 1373. The Attorney General cannot justify the Certification on a tautology; a report concluding that many jurisdictions are not
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complying with Section 1373 does not justify imposing a condition requiring those jurisdictions to certify compliance with Section 1373. Because the OIG memorandum did not assess the benefits or drawbacks of imposing a condition, but instead merely assessed whether jurisdictions would be compliant were such a condition imposed, the memorandum does not justify the imposition of the Certification Condition.
Therefore, DOJ has failed to “give adequate reasons for its decisions,” Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125, by “examin[ing] the relevant data and articulat[ing] a satisfactory explanation for its action including rational connection between the facts found and the choice made,” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S. at 43. DOJ also “entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem” by failing to recognize how Section 1373 interferes with local policies that promote public health and safety, and “offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before the agency.” Id. Its justifications cannot “be ascribed to a difference in view or the product of agency expertise.” Id. In sum, this Court concludes that the Certification Condition is arbitrary and capricious under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A).
3. Constitutionality of Conditions The APA also requires this Court to “hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(B). As further discussed below, Philadelphia asserts that the grant conditions imposed by the Attorney General violate principles of Federalism and the Separation of Powers, and more specifically, the Spending Clause and the Tenth Amendment. One aspect of the City’s Spending Clause challenge is based on the purported lack of “relatedness” between the Challenged Conditions and the JAG Program, as the Challenged Conditions pertain to Federal civil immigration enforcement and the JAG Program pertains to
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XII. The Intersection between Criminal Law and Immigration Law Public discourse about aliens and crime takes many forms, including fact, fear, and
hyperbole. All governments (federal, state and local), have a legitimate interest in arresting and prosecuting those aliens (and all others) who commit crimes. A crucial theme running through federal law, and this case, is the bright line drawn between aliens who commit crimes and those aliens who live here as law abiding in all respects.
Arizona v. U.S. is a major case which has led this Court to several legal conclusions. Arizona addressed the constitutional validity of pieces of an Arizona state law, S.B. 1070. Specifically, the Court reviewed two provisions that imposed criminal liability on the violation of particular federal immigration laws, and two provisions that expanded local investigative authority over immigration law compliance. Arizona, 567 U.S. 387, 393-94 (2012).
The federal government filed suit against the state of Arizona seeking to enjoin the state law as preempted by federal law. Ultimately, the Court held that three provisions were preempted, but one provision was not preempted. Id. at 400-415.
Congress has exclusive power to enact immigration laws. Federal law provides for the removal of noncitizens within U.S. borders who are determined to be “deportable” as defined by statute, and of noncitizens apprehended at the border who are determined to be “inadmissible.”11 A formal determination of whether an individual is deportable or inadmissible is made by an Immigration Judge at a removal proceeding, which is a civil, not criminal, proceeding and must adhere to legal procedures set out by statute.
Arizona clarified that “[a]s a general rule, it is not a crime for a removable alien to remain
11 A noncitizen who is apprehended within U.S. borders may also be determined to be inadmissible. Such an individual will not be subject to removal as a consequence of this finding, but will be barred from reentering the country if she leaves voluntarily, and will be barred from adjusting her immigration status while she remains in the U.S. This is addressed below.
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present in the United States.” Id. at 407 (citing INS v. Lopez-Mendoza, 468 U.S. 1032, 1038 (1984)).
The grounds for deportability and inadmissibility are defined by statute. They are numerous. Involvement in criminal activity is the most common ground. Unlawful presence in the United States is another. Practically, though, the statutory framework is just the beginning. In practice, for decades, the federal government has pursued only limited aspects of the far-ranging grounds for removal. The Court in Arizona stated, “Discretion in the enforcement of immigration law embraces immediate human concerns. Unauthorized workers trying to support their families, for example, likely pose less danger than alien smugglers or aliens who commit a serious crime.” Id. at 396.
The broad statutory bases for removal are reviewed below, with a particular focus on criminal grounds for removal. This is followed by a review of changing federal immigration policy priorities over time, which has dictated the particularized enforcement regime that has emerged.
A. Lawfully Present versus Unlawfully Present Noncitizens As an initial matter, noncitizens living in the United States fall into one of two categories: those who are present lawfully, and those who are present unlawfully. Lawful presence turns on the formal permission of the federal government. This permission comes in many forms. Lawful permanent residents (“LPRs”), also known as Green Card holders for the documentation associated with LPR status,12 are broadly permitted to live
12 There are several bases of eligibility for obtaining a green card: through a U.S. citizen family member; through employment, a category reserved for skilled workers and other special professionals; pursuant to membership in certain categories of immigrants, including religious workers, members of the international media, and abused and neglected children; through a former grant of asylum or refugee status; through a former award of a visa due to an individual’s identity as a human trafficking victim or a crime victim; through one’s identity as a victim of abuse, according to certain standards; and through an additional handful of very specific bases for eligibility. USCIS, Green
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and work in the U.S. indefinitely, and are permitted to freely travel across U.S. borders.13 USCIS,
Green Card, USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/greencard. Visa holders are a second category of
lawfully present noncitizens. Visa holders live legally in the United States pursuant to the terms
of their particular visa, which variously impose different restrictions related to travel and
employment, and provide for varying lengths of legal residence.14 Noncitizens who have been
granted refugee or asylum status, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §§ 1157–58, are two additional classes of
noncitizens present lawfully in the United States.
Noncitizens who have no grant of permission to live in the United States are present
unlawfully. More specifically, those who have entered the United States without inspection by
immigration officials and without authorization are present unlawfully and can be prosecuted
criminally.15 However, the Supreme Court has specifically held that noncitizens who remain in
the United States beyond the expiration of their visa (“visa over-stayers”) have not committed any
crime.16 Arizona v. U.S., 567 U.S. 387, 407 (2012). However, these individuals are nonetheless
present in the U.S. unlawfully. Thus, under existing laws they are technically both deportable and
Card Eligibility Categories, https://www.uscis.gov/greencard/eligibility-categories. 13 If an LPR travels abroad for longer than one full year, she must obtain a reentry permit. USCIS, After a Green Card is Granted, https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/after-green-card-granted#Reminders. 14 8 U.S.C. § 1153 sets out rules for the allocation of three types of visas: visas for family members of U.S. citizens and LPRs; employment-based visas; and diversity visas, which are reserved for immigrants from countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States. Within each of these general categories there are several subtypes of visas. For example, there are several different type of employment-based visas available divided among five different categories of preference depending on an individual’s skill and training in their field of employment. U.S. Department of State-Bureau of Consular Affairs, Employment-Based Immigration Visa, https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/immigrate/employment.html. 15 Inspection upon entry to the United States is required under 8 U.S.C. § 1225. Entry into the United States through the mandated inspection procedures with the use of fraudulent immigration documents or by making any other misrepresentations is also unlawful, and any noncitizen who enters this way will then be present in the U.S. unlawfully, and subject to criminal prosecution. 18 U.S.C. §§ 1324c, 1325, 1546. 16 Notably, 8 U.S.C. § 1253 makes it a criminal act for any deportable noncitizen against whom a final order of removal is outstanding to remain in the United States by refusing to leave, failing to obtain the documents necessary to do so, failing to present himself for removal at the time and place ordered by the Attorney General, or to take any action to prevent his or her departure. It is not a criminal act, however, for a technically removable noncitizen who is not subject to a final order of removal to remain in the United States. As discussed, infra, before such an order becomes final there are several opportunities to appeal.
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inadmissible and are therefore removable from the country. A crucial issue, ignored by much discussion of immigration policy, past, present and
future, is whether a non-citizen has committed specific types of crimes. If so, consistent Executive branch practice for decades has focused on removal of people who are “criminal aliens.” The very few who are not criminal aliens but subject to removal in practice turns on many additional factors that go beyond mere unlawful presence. These factors are important in determining some of the issues in this case.
“Federalism, central to the constitutional design, adopts the principle that both the National and State Governments have elements of sovereignty the other is bound to respect.” Arizona v. U.S., 567 U.S. at 398.
B. Removal: Deportability (8 U.S.C. § 1227) versus Inadmissibility (8 U.S.C. § 1182)
1. Overview Noncitizens can only be subject to removal following a finding of deportability or inadmissibility by an Immigration Judge in a formal proceeding known as a removal proceeding. 8 U.S.C. § 1227 sets out classes of deportable noncitizens, while 8 U.S.C. § 1182 sets out classes of inadmissible noncitizens. Removal proceedings may properly be brought against any noncitizen who is deportable or inadmissible on any basis set out in § 1227 and § 1182; this includes any noncitizen whose mere presence in, or entry into, the United States is unlawful. §§ 1227(a)(1), 1182(a)(6). Congress recognized the significance of criminal convictions: Section 1229(d)(1), makes clear that in the case of a noncitizen who is deportable by virtue of a conviction, “the Attorney General shall begin any removal proceeding as expeditiously as possible after the date of the conviction.”
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2. Detention pending removal proceedings – criminal aliens A noncitizen may be arrested and detained “[o]n a warrant issued by the Attorney General…pending a decision on whether the alien is to be removed from the United States.” § 1226(a). There are statutory rules regarding detention pending removal proceedings. The Attorney General may choose to detain a noncitizen pending proceedings, or “may release” her on a bond of at least $1,500 or on “conditional parole.” § 1226(a)(1)-(3). There are special rules for the detention, pending removal proceedings, of noncitizens who are deportable or inadmissible on criminal grounds. The Attorney General is required to detain any noncitizen who is inadmissible pursuant to § 1182(a)(2) (criminal grounds of inadmissibility, see infra) or § 1182(a)(3)(B) (terrorism grounds of inadmissibility), or who is deportable pursuant to § 1227(a)(2)(A)(ii)-(iii), (B), (C), (D), (4)(B), or under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(i) on the basis of an offense for which she was sentenced to imprisonment of at least one year (this includes most but not all criminal and national security grounds of deportability, see infra, 1226(c). The Attorney General may only release such an individual pending a removal decision if release is necessary to protect a witness to, or someone cooperating in the investigation of, major criminal activity. § 1226(c)(2); but see, Diop v. ICE/Homeland Sec., 656 F.3d 221, 223 (3d Cir. 2011) (1226(c) “authorizes only detention for a reasonable period of time,” after which due process “requires that the Government establish that continued detention is necessary to further the purposes of the detention statute.”)
3. Removal proceedings 8 U.S.C. § 1229 sets out the procedures attendant to the initiation of removal proceedings in immigration court; § 1229a sets out the rules governing these proceedings. An Immigration Judge presides over removal proceedings and determines whether a noncitizen is removable. §
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1229a(a)(1), (c)(1)(A). There are varying standards for these proceedings. When a noncitizen is subject to removal proceedings to determine deportability, the burden rests with the government to establish by clear and convincing evidence that she is deportable. § 1229a(c)(3)(A). A finding of deportability can only be sustained on the basis of reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence. Id. A noncitizen being put through removal proceedings may argue that she is entitled to various forms of relief from removal, and faces the burden of proof in establishing her eligibility for such relief (and in the case of discretionary relief, that she merits a favorable finding). § 1229a(c)(4)(A). The decision of the Immigration Judge can be followed by an appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), and then to a Circuit Court of Appeals. This process can delay any final decision for a lengthy period of time; several years is not unusual.
4. Consequences of Deportability and Inadmissibility Upon a finding of deportability, and assuming any appeal is rejected, a noncitizen will then be subject to an order of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1231. Upon a finding of inadmissibility in the case of apprehension at the border, a noncitizen will be denied entry and likewise subject to an order of removal. Id. When a noncitizen is ordered removed due to a finding of deportability or inadmissibility, “the Attorney General shall remove the alien from the United States within a period of 90 days,” and “[d]uring the removal period, the Attorney General shall detain the alien.” § 1231(1)-(2). As elucidated in § 1182, consequences of a finding of inadmissibility for a noncitizen who is apprehended within the U.S. include the automatic denial of any application to change one’s immigration status (e.g. an application for a Green Card, an application for a visa, or an application for citizenship). C. Criminal Grounds of Deportability and Inadmissibility Certain criminal convictions and involvement in other specified criminal activity are bases
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for deportability and inadmissibility, as specified in § 1227(a)(2), and § 1182(a)(2), respectively. In this context a “conviction” is defined in two ways, either of which is sufficient to
establish a conviction for the purposes of this statutory scheme: (1) “a formal judgment of guilt entered by a court”; or (2) when adjudication of guilt has been withheld, but both of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) a judge or jury has found the noncitizen guilty or the noncitizen has entered a plea of guilty, a plea of nolo contendere, or has admitted sufficient facts to warrant a finding of guilt; (ii) and the judge has ordered some form of punishment, penalty, or restraint on the noncitizen’s liberty to be imposed. 8 U.S.C § 1101(a)(48)(A).
1. § 1227(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Deportability 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2) sets out criminal grounds of deportability, most of which hinge on criminal convictions. When § 1227(a)(2) refers to noncitizens, it refers both to lawfully and unlawfully present noncitizens. LPR’s and visa holders who engage in criminal conduct face the same removal consequences as unlawfully present non-citizens who engage in criminal conduct. Lawful presence as an LPR or visa holder does not insulate non-citizens from being subject to removal on the basis of criminal involvement.
a) Crimes Involving Moral Turpitude (“CIMT”) Under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(i) a noncitizen who is convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude (“CIMT”) punishable by a sentence of imprisonment of one year or longer, within five years of her admission to the United States, is deportable.17 Under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(ii) any noncitizen who is convicted of two CIMTs at any time after her admission to the U.S. is deportable. The concept of CIMT has no statutory definition; it is shaped through case law.
17 For noncitizens who receive Lawful Permanent Resident status pursuant to U.S.C. § 1255(j)—which is reserved for individuals who provide material information to law enforcement that substantially contributes to the success of criminal or terrorism investigation or prosecution—the time frame during which one CIMT conviction will lead to deportability is extended to ten years.
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Courts look to the “elements of the statutory state offense, not to the specific facts,” to determine whether the conviction at issue constitutes a CIMT. Knapik v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 84, 88 (3d Cir. 2004) (quoting Wilson v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 377, 381–82 (3d. Cir. 2003). In reviewing the statute the court should credit “the least culpable conduct necessary to sustain a conviction under the statute.” Id. (citing Matter of Marchena, 12 I. & N. Dec. 355, 357, 1967 WL 14033 (BIA 1967)). Only where a statute is “divisible,” that is, it covers both conduct involving moral turpitude, and conduct that does not, does the court refer to the record, “to determine whether the alien was convicted under that part of the statute defining a crime involving moral turpitude.” Partyka, 417 F.3d at 411; see, e.g. Rodriguez-Castro v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 316, 320 (5th Cir. 2005)
CIMTs involve conduct that is “inherently base, vile, or depraved” and which is done with a criminal intent. See Marmolejo-Campos v. Holder, 558 F.3d 903, 910 (9th Cir. 2009) (“In a series of published decisions, the BIA has set forth its general understanding that a ‘crime involving moral turpitude’ involves ‘conduct that shocks the public conscience as being inherently base, vile, or depraved, contrary to the rules of morality and the duties owed between man and man, either one's fellow man or society in general.’”) (quoting In re Perez–Contreras, 20 I. & N. Dec. 615, 618 (B.I.A.1992)); Partyka, 417 F.3d at 414 (“[T]he hallmark of moral turpitude is a reprehensible act committed with an appreciable level of consciousness or deliberation.”); see also, Sotinakau v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 731, 736 (4th Cir. 2017) (“To involve moral turpitude, a crime requires two essential elements: a culpable mental state and reprehensible conduct.”) (quoting In re Ortega–Lopez, 26 I. & N. Dec. 99, 100 (BIA 2013)).
Criminal statutes that provide for a conviction based on proof of criminal negligence and strict liability crimes are therefore typically found not to fall into the CIMT category due to the
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absence of a criminal intent. See In re Perez–Contreras, 20 I. & N. Dec. at 619; Sotnikau, 846 F.3d at 738; but see, Mehboob v. Attorney General of U.S., 549 F.3d 272, 277 (3d Cir. 2008) (“we hold that the absence of mens rea as to a specific element of a crime does not necessarily preclude a finding that a strict liability sex offense involves moral turpitude.”). Recklessness crimes can be considered CIMTs, but typically only “if certain statutory aggravating factors are present,” such as a required showing of a “conscious[] disregard[] [of] a substantial risk of serious harm or death to another.” Knapik, 384 F.3d at 90. Essentially all specific intent crimes are considered CIMTs.
b) Aggravated Felonies Under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) any noncitizen convicted of an “aggravated felony” at any time after admission is deportable. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43) defines aggravated felony in list format and includes the following specific crimes and categories of crimes: murder; rape; sexual abuse of a minor; drug trafficking (one sale conviction counts as an aggravated felony under this category); firearms trafficking; theft or burglary with an imposed sentence of one year imprisonment or more (e.g. robbery, grand larceny, etc.); a crime of violence with an imposed sentence of one year imprisonment or more (e.g. assault, aggravated harassment, etc.); fraud or deceit in which more than $10,000 was involved (i.e. grand larceny, trademark counterfeiting, etc.); bail jumping; arson; child pornography felonies; and the attempt or conspiracy to commit any of the named offenses.
c) Other offenses There are several other criminal offenses that trigger deportability. Controlled substance offenses constitute one major category. One conviction for a controlled substance offense, with the exception of an individual’s first conviction for the possession of less than 30 grams of
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marijuana, renders a noncitizen deportable. 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i).18 Firearms offenses make up another expansive category. One conviction of any firearms offense, broadly defined (e.g. sale, purchase, possession, etc.), triggers deportability. 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(C). § 1227(a)(2)(D) designates national security related criminal offenses, one conviction of any of which triggers deportability. Under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(v) a noncitizen who is convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 2250, which sets out the laws regarding sex offender registration and notification, is deportable. Under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iv) a noncitizen who is convicted of 18 U.S.C. § 758, which criminalizes high speed flight from an immigration checkpoint, is deportable.
Some of the categories of offenses which trigger deportability include conduct that is not necessarily linked to a conviction. § 1227(a)(2)(F) makes deportable any noncitizen who is described in 8 § U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)(H), which defines “significant traffickers in persons.” A criminal conviction is not required, however, for a person to fall within that category; rather, it leaves the determination up to federal officials. There is also an expansive category of domestic violence conduct that triggers deportability, and a conviction is not required in the case of an order of protection violation.19
2. § 1182(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Inadmissibility § 1182(a)(2) designates “criminal and related grounds” of inadmissibility. The criminal bases that trigger inadmissibility are quite similar to those triggering deportability, however the bar is often much lower with regard to criminal conduct. A conviction is most often not required
18 Notably, § 1227(a)(2)(B)(ii) designates that any noncitizen “who is, or at any time after admission has been, a drug abuser or addict is deportable”; this section is unique in that it does not require a criminal conviction, but rather imposes deportability based on an apparently subjective determination of an individual’s conduct or status. 19 One conviction for a crime of domestic violence, as defined in 8 U.S.C. § 16; stalking; or a crime against a child renders a noncitizen deportable. 1227(a)(2)(E)(i). Under § 1227(a)(2)(E)(ii)a noncitizen who a “court determines” violates a protection order by engaging in credible threats of violence, repeated harassment, or bodily injury to the person protected under the order, is deportable. This section does not require a conviction but rather turns on the vague concept of a court’s “determination.”
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in this context.20 Additionally, there are some criminal bases for inadmissibility that extend beyond the subject matter of those which trigger deportability.21
D. The Relevance of Padilla and Galarza 1. Padilla v. Kentucky
Under Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010), which held that defense counsel has a duty to advise criminal defendants of potential immigration consequences to a guilty plea pursuant to the Sixth Amendment guarantee of effective assistance of counsel, the court undertook a brief historical review of the interaction between immigration law and criminal law in the U.S. The Court recounted the steadily increasing weight of immigration consequences as a result of criminal convictions over time. The Court observed that “changes to our immigration law have dramatically raised the stakes of a noncitizen’s criminal conviction,” such that “as a matter of federal law, deportation is an integral part—indeed, sometimes the most important part—of the penalty that may be imposed on noncitizen defendants who plead guilty to specified crimes.” Id. at 364. As a practical matter the Court noted that “[u]nder contemporary law, if a noncitizen has committed a removable offense…his removal is practically inevitable.” Id. at 363-64.
Despite the Court’s apparent view that deportation as the result of a criminal conviction is in many practical ways absorbed within the realm of criminal punishment, the opinion does highlight the technical distinction between the civil process of removal proceedings, and the criminal process: “[w]e have long recognized that deportation is a particularly severe penalty, but it is not, in a strict sense, a criminal sanction. Although removal proceedings are civil in nature,
20 Under § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(I), for example, any noncitizen who is convicted of, or admits to committing the essential elements of, a CIMT or an attempt or conspiracy to commit a CIMT, is inadmissible. The same standard applies to controlled substance offenses, and drug and human trafficking. §§ 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(II), (a)(2)(C), (a)(2)(H). 21 For example, any noncitizen who is involved in prostitution or money laundering, or is attempting to enter the United States to engage in any such conduct, is inadmissible. §§ 1182(a)(2)(D), (a)(2)(I).
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deportation is nevertheless intimately related to the criminal process.” Id. at 365 (internal citation and quotation omitted). This entanglement led the Court to the conclusion that classifying deportation as collateral to the criminal process and to decisions about pleading guilty would be unhelpful and impractical. Ultimately, the Court concluded that “advice regarding deportation is not categorically removed from the ambit of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel.” Id. at 366. As such, in order to satisfy the demands of the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of competent counsel, defense counsel must inform noncitizen clients that deportation will result from a particular plea when the law is clear on that point, and when the law is less straightforward, advise noncitizen clients of a generalized risk of adverse immigration consequences resulting from the criminal charges. Id. at 369. The differing standards reflect the Court’s recognition of the complexities of immigration law, a field which merits professional specialization, and the limitations of any one criminal defense lawyer. Id. at 369.
The Court observes that while deportation as a consequence of a criminal conviction is a civil penalty subject to a civil process technically distinct from the criminal process, it is so “intimately related” to the criminal process that it is “uniquely difficult to classify as either a direct or a collateral consequence.” Id., 559 U.S. at 366.
The federal government’s choice to pursue deportation on the basis of local criminal justice outcomes is something that cities and localities have no control over and presumably no input in. The Philadelphia policies at issue here do not interfere with the federal government’s legal ability to deport individuals convicted of serious crimes.
2. Galarza v. Szalczyk A recent Third Circuit case considered whether Department of Homeland Security regulations at 8 C.F.R. 287.7 governing immigration detainers imposed legally binding obligations
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on states and localities. See Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014). Regulations
allow immigration authorities to notify other law enforcement agencies if DHS seeks custody of
the individual and set parameters on a state or municipality keeping the individual in custody after
a potential release date:
(a) Detainers in general. Detainers are issued pursuant to sections 236 and 287 of the Act and this chapter 1. Any authorized immigration officer may at any time issue a Form I–247, Immigration Detainer–Notice of Action, to any other Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency. A detainer serves to advise another law enforcement agency that the Department seeks custody of an alien presently in the custody of that agency, for the purpose of arresting and removing the alien. The detainer is a request that such agency advise the Department, prior to release of the alien, in order for the Department to arrange to assume custody, in situations when gaining immediate physical custody is either impracticable or impossible….
(d) Temporary detention at Department request. Upon a determination by the Department to issue a detainer for an alien not otherwise detained by a criminal justice agency, such agency shall maintain custody of the alien for a period not to exceed 48 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays in order to permit assumption of custody by the Department.
8 C.F.R. § 287.7.
In Galarza, police in Allentown, Pennsylvania arrested a New Jersey-born man of Puerto
Rican descent on a drug charge and had him transported to Lehigh County Prison. An Allentown
detective notified ICE, which filed a detainer. Despite repeatedly protesting that he was born in
the United States—and posting bail—Galarza was held in the Lehigh County Prison for several
days pursuant to the detainer before being released. The district court dismissed Galarza’s claim
against Lehigh County Prison on the grounds that the prison was legally required to hold Galarza
pursuant to the detainer. 745 F.3d at 638.
The Third Circuit reversed, holding that “immigration detainers do not and cannot compel
a state or local law enforcement agency to detain suspected aliens subject to removal.” Id. at 636.
The panel construed the language in 8 C.F.R. § 287.7(a) “generally defin[ing] a detainer as a
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‘request’” and the title of 287.7(d), “Temporary detention at Department request,” to mean that detainers were not mandatory. Id. at 639-40. In the Third Circuit’s view, a contrary reading would also raise serious federalism concerns: “reading § 287.7 to mean that a federal detainer filed with a state or local [law enforcement agency] is a command to detain an individual on behalf of the federal government, would violate the anti-commandeering doctrine of the Tenth Amendment.” Id. at 644.
E. ICE Programming and Enforcement Priorities Tasked with carrying out U.S. immigration law, DHS and ICE must pursue these authorizations in light of existing funding restraints which make it impossible to achieve total enforcement of all of the statutes cited above. The federal government therefore designs initiatives to improve the efficacy of immigration enforcement. A program known as Secure Communities was initiated in 2008 for this purpose; this program was replaced by the Priority Enforcement Program (“PEP”) in 2015, for a brief period. The Secure Communities program was reinstated in 2017. The federal government, at times through DHS Memoranda and at times through Executive Orders, has issued guiding principles and specific commands often referred to as “enforcement priorities,” related to the carrying out of these various programs. These have reflected the change in immigration enforcement policy over time and over the course of the transitions between programs and political administrations. However, there has been one constant: visa-overstayers have not been affected unless they are a subject of a criminal investigation or prosecution and have been convicted. There is an important but seldom employed exception, as individuals who are determined to be threats to national security are legitimately subjected to removal.
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1. Secure Communities Program Under the Secure Communities Program, instituted in 2008, fingerprint information sent from local agencies to the FBI for criminal record and warrants checks is automatically passed on to ICE. ICE, Secure Communities, https://www.ice.gov/secure-communities. The purpose of this arrangement is to enable federal immigration authorities to take advantage of local information about noncitizens to identify individuals who are subject to removability. Participation is mandatory. See Amicus Brief of ACLU at 3, ECF 52. ICE uses the information gathered through this program in deciding against whom to initiate removal proceedings.
2. Priority Enforcement Program DHS instituted PEP in July of 2015 to replace the Secure Communities program. PEP set out classes of noncitizens subject to escalating levels of enforcement priority. As part of PEP, DHS sought to foster cooperation between ICE and local law enforcement agencies in order to improve the process of removing noncitizens considered “priorities” for removal. The relevant “priority” categories were identified by DHS in a memorandum published on November 20, 2014. Memorandum from DHS Secretary Jeh Johnson, Policies for the Apprehension, Detention and Removal of Undocumented Immigrants. 22 The memo sets out three categories, in order of priority, which represent “the Department’s civil immigration enforcement priorities,” and directs federal personnel to “pursue these priorities at all stages of the enforcement process.” Id. at 2-3. Generally, Priority 1 included noncitizens who represent “threats to national security, border security, and public safety”; Priority 2 included “misdemeanants and new immigration violators”; and Priority 3 included those noncitizens who had been issued a final order of removal as of January 1, 2014, but did not fall within Priority 1 or 2. Id. at 3-4. Priority 1 and Priority 2 are
22 Available at https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/14_1120_memo_prosecutorial _discretion.pdf
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reviewed in detail below: a. PEP Priority 1
More specifically, Priority 1 included the following classes of removable noncitizens: (a) those engaged in or suspected of terrorism or espionage, or otherwise deemed a threat to national security; (b) those apprehended while crossing the border illegally; (c) those involved in gang activity, established either through conviction or not; (d) those convicted of any crime classified as a felony; (e) and those convicted of an “aggravated felony” as defined under immigration law. Id. at 3.
b. PEP Priority 2 Priority 2 identified “misdemeanants and new immigration violators” as “the second-highest priority for apprehension and removal,” and included: (a) noncitizens convicted of three or more misdemeanors arising out of separate incidents, “other than traffic offenses or state or local offenses for which an essential element was the alien’s immigration status,”; (b) those convicted of a “significant misdemeanor” including a domestic violence offense, sexual abuse or exploitation, burglary, unlawful possession or use of a firearm, drug distribution or trafficking, driving under the influence, or any offense for which the actual sentence was at least 90 days; (c) those who unlawfully entered or re-entered the U.S. after January 1, 2014; (d) and those who have “significantly abused the visa or visa waiver programs” as per the judgment of an ICE Field Office Director, or a USCIS District Director or Service Center Director. Id. at 3-4. F. President Trump’s Executive Order: New Enforcement Priorities An Executive Order entitled “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States” (“EO”) issued by President Trump on January 25, 2017 ordered the termination of PEP and the reinstitution of the Secure Communities program. Although there is, as cited above, an injunction
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in effect as to Section 9(a) of the Executive Order, pertaining to non-compliance with Section
1373, other parts of the Executive Order remain in effect. This Order established new expansive
enforcement priorities. It prioritizes the removal of noncitizens falling into categories that extend
far beyond those set out under PEP, several of which are defined according to vague concepts, and
the application of which allows for highly discretionary and subjective judgment calls.
The new priorities for enforcement include noncitizens described in any of the following
statutory sections: § 1182(a)(2) (criminal grounds for inadmissibility), (a)(3) (national security
grounds for inadmissibility), and (a)(6)(C) (procuring admission by fraud); § 1225 (expedited
removal of inadmissible noncitizens attempting to cross the border); and § 1227(a)(2) (criminal
grounds for deportability) and (4) (national security and related grounds); as well as removable
noncitizens who qualify under any of the following:
(a) Have been convicted of any criminal offense; (b) Have been charged with any criminal offense, where such charge has not been
resolved; (c) Have committed acts that constitute a chargeable criminal offense; (d) Have engaged in fraud or willful misrepresentation in connection with any official
matter or application before a governmental agency; (e) Have abused any program related to receipt of public benefits; (f) Are subject to a final order of removal, but who have not complied with their legal
obligation to depart the United States; or (g) In the judgment of an immigration officer, otherwise pose a risk to public safety or
national security.
Executive Order: Enhancing Public Safety, Section 5(a)-(g).
President Trump’s EO alters the enforcement priorities in three major ways as compared
with the priorities under PEP.
First, with respect to criminally involved removable noncitizens, the EO vastly expands the
enforcement priorities. Under PEP the priorities had been limited to those who pose a threat to
national security, are involved in gang activity, are convicted of a felony, are convicted of either 85

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three misdemeanors or a “significant” misdemeanor, and those who unlawfully reenter the United States. Under Trump’s EO, any removable noncitizen who has been convicted of, charged with, or has even engaged in conduct that could be subject to any criminal charge, regardless of the seriousness, is a priority for enforcement. Notably, this newly encompasses noncitizens who are technically removable on a basis other than one laid out in § 1227(a)(2), those who have engaged in criminal activity that would not trigger § 1227(a)(2) deportability, and even reaches those who have not ever been charged with a crime.
Second is the inclusion of removable noncitizens who have “abused any program related to receipt of public benefits” on the enforcement priority list. This adds an entirely new topic that PEP did not address in any of its three layers of enforcement priorities. The EO fails to provide any guidance as to what might constitute the “abuse” of public benefit programs. Finally, the EO adds a catchall for any removable noncitizen who “[i]n the judgment of an immigration officer, otherwise pose[s] a risk to public safety or national security,” an apparent delegation of wildly discretionary power to ICE officers to determine their own enforcement protocol.
Although the EO expands the enforcement priorities that existed under PEP, especially with respect to non-citizens with very minor contacts with criminal law, there is no evidence in this record that ICE itself, in Philadelphia, has taken action against non-criminal aliens.
G. Philadelphia’s Policy and Potential Conflicts There are several ways in which the new Byrne JAG conditions could conflict with the City’s preferred policies with regard to its noncitizen population. In light of the EO there is a serious risk that the new conditions will “widen the net” of immigration enforcement unfairly—that is, that the new conditions will put noncitizens who in the past have not been the target of ICE enforcement efforts at risk of being swept up in these efforts. Unlawfully present
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noncitizens who have only been charged with, or alleged to have “committed acts that constitute”
very low level criminal offenses are now at risk of being swept up in ICE enforcement efforts as a
result of the 48 hour and jail access conditions. For example, a visa over-stayer charged with a
minor crime that would not trigger a 1227(a)(2) basis for deportability, held in a city facility
because unable to post bail, or to serve a short sentence upon conviction, would be subject to ICE
detention and potentially to removal proceedings as a result of the 48 hour condition, where she would not have been, under the stated enforcement priorities of PEP. 23 The current
administration’s policy, in contrast to PEP, makes any criminal investigation or allegation, no
matter how minor or untrue, a trigger for priority enforcement, thereby subjecting an enormously expanded group of noncitizens to the practical likelihood of removal proceedings.24
One group that is not actually named in the EO as being subject to priority enforcement,
that would also be swept into enforcement as a result of the DOJ’s conditions are those, such as
visa over-stayers, who are unlawfully present in the United States, who are charged with a crime
and detained in a city facility pre-trial for inability to post bail, but ultimately are released without
conviction. Individuals who fit this description are technically removable, but they do not fall
under the current enforcement priorities. The harm to this group is especially great, as they are at
risk of being swept into immigration enforcement and subjected to removal proceedings, despite
never being found guilty of any criminal activity. They are among the group of unlawfully
23 While technically even under the PEP regime, such an individual would be deportable pursuant to immigration law, the practical application of PEP was to “pursue [the stated PEP] priorities at all stages of the enforcement process—from the earliest investigative stage” and thus counseled strongly against detaining and seeking removal of an individual who did not fall into one of the three enforcement priority categories, such as the individual described in the hypothetical. It was therefore highly unlikely that such an individual would have been subject to removal proceedings. 24 Notably, the risk that ICE will improperly pursue detention and/or removal of lawfully present noncitizens, a risk which existed under PEP, persists under the EO. This was exemplified in the case of Ernesto Galarza, born in New Jersey, who was erroneously detained for three days on a temporary ICE detainer. Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014).
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present noncitizens who escape the extraordinarily broad enforcement priorities under the EO, yet they are nevertheless at risk of being subject to removal proceedings if they are arrested but ultimately not convicted of any crime. This state of affairs goes so far as to threaten the presumption of innocence.
H. Statutes Which Impact Both Immigration and Criminal Law The Department of Justice’s Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction cites a number of statutory provisions that it argues support the proposition that immigration enforcement and criminal justice are sufficiently related to survive a Constitutional challenge under the Spending Clause. (ECF 28 at 29). First, the Memorandum identifies § 1227(a)(2) as highly relevant to this consideration, see supra. The Memorandum also points to 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g), which provides for the performance of federal immigration enforcement functions by state actors. § 1357(g)(1) provides that the Attorney General may enter into a written agreement with a state or local government by which a state or local officer deemed qualified may engage in the investigation, apprehension, or detention of noncitizens. § 1357(g)(2)-(10) set out terms for these agreements. State and local employees are required to be trained in and adhere to federal law in carrying out these functions, and these actors are also subject to the supervision of the Attorney General. The statute also clarifies that an agreement under this section is not a prerequisite to state actors’ cooperation and communication with the Attorney General for the purpose of carrying out these functions. The DOJ additionally highlights 8 U.S.C. § 1324(c), which falls within a section which prohibits the transportation of noncitizens into or within the United States in any manner not authorized by the relevant laws (as well as the harboring or employment of such individuals). This subsection details criminal and civil forfeiture penalties for such conduct. Specifically, §
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1324(c) authorizes “all [ ] officers whose duty it is to enforce criminal laws” to make arrests for violations of this section.
The Memorandum also identifies 8 U.S.C. § 1252c. This section authorizes state and local law enforcement officials to arrest and detain any noncitizen illegally present in the United States following deportation from, or voluntarily leaving, the United States after being convicted of a felony. The statute clarifies that this authorization exists only after the state or local official confirms the noncitizen’s status via ICE data, and extends only for as long as necessary for ICE to transfer the individual to federal custody. The statute further directs the Attorney General to share information within his control that would help enable this purpose.
Finally, the DOJ’s Memorandum references 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c), which falls within a statute that provides rules for the arrest and detention of noncitizens pursuant to a warrant pending a removal determination. § 1226(c) in particular addresses the detention of “criminal aliens,” which in this context is a reference to those who are deportable or inadmissible on the criminal bases set out in § 1227 and § 1182, respectively. It dictates that the Attorney General shall take these individuals into custody “when the alien is released, without regard to whether the alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation, and without regard to whether the alien may be arrested or imprisoned again for the same offense.” The DOJ’s Memorandum suggests that the fact that this statute “contemplates the federal detention of certain aliens upon their release from state or local custody…further animat[es] the sort of cooperation between federal, state, and local law enforcement that the conditions are designed to foster.” The DOJ’s Memorandum does not highlight § 1226(d), however it is highly relevant. This subsection directs the Attorney General to create an information system by which federal, state, and local authorities can determine whether individuals they have arrested for aggravated felonies are noncitizens; to maintain records
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of noncitizens who have been convicted of aggravated felonies and have been removed; and to train certain officers within ICE “to serve as a liaison to Federal, state, and local law enforcement and correctional agencies and courts with respect to the arrest, conviction, and release of any alien charged with an aggravated felony.”
There are many other statutes which illustrate the intersection of criminal and immigration law that the DOJ’s Memorandum does not reference. There are several criminal laws set out in the Immigration and Nationality Act that are prosecuted in federal courts. 8 U.S.C. § 1326 establishes criminal liability for the return or attempted return to the U.S. by any noncitizen who has been denied admission or removed in the past. 8 U.S.C. § 1325 criminalizes entry or attempted entry into the United States at a time or place not authorized, without inspection by immigration officers, or by making a willfully false or misleading representation. § 1325(c) designates punishment of up to five years imprisonment and/or a fine up to $250,000 to be imposed on “any individual” who knowingly enters into a marriage to evade “any provision of the immigration laws.” There are many additional criminal laws, as well as civil penalties, that relate to immigration requirements.25
I. Selective Enforcement The paucity of prosecutions for first offenders of illegal entry is shown by federal government statistics that, from 10/1/2013 to 9/30/2014, only 67 individuals were prosecuted for a first time commission of illegal entry. Federal Justice Statistics, 2014-Statistical Tables, March, 2017, at 16, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fjs14st.pdf. The numbers increase for repeat
25 § 1325(d) makes it a criminal act for “any individual” to “knowingly establish a commercial enterprise for the purpose of evading any provision of the immigration laws.” 8 U.S.C. § 1321 establishes civil liability for owners and operators of aircraft and other transportation methods to provide a noncitizen the means to enter the U.S. at any time or place not properly designated. 8 U.S.C. § 1324 makes it a criminal act to bring a noncitizen to the United States in any manner outside of the lawfully designated immigration procedures or to transport or harbor any person who has entered the United States in violation of the law. This is not an exhaustive list.
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offenders who are arrested in the act of attempted entry. Further, although federal government statistics fail to show the exact number of unlawfully
present noncitizens who entered the U.S. illegally, there is documentation that of all arrests for immigration offenses during the year 2014, 93% occurred in five federal districts, each positioned along the U.S.-Mexico border: the District of Arizona, the Western District of Texas, the Southern District of Texas, the Southern District of California, and the District of New Mexico. Mark Motivans, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Justice Statistics 2013-2014, March, 2017, 4-5, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fjs1314.pdf.
Two inferences from the data show that many aliens are in the United States as a result of non-prosecution of illegal entrants, but most of these illegal entrants are located in the southwest United States.
One obvious conclusion from this discretion is that the doctrine of selective enforcement drives immigration law, particularly when criminal prosecutions are considered. This is not a critical comment. The lesson to be learned from the above discussion is that Philadelphia’s policies do not in any meaningful way interfere with ICE’s priorities of locating and removing criminal aliens. For these purposes, there is a strong relationship.
The concept of “related” government programs, as it pertains to the Spending Clause and, particularly, Byrne JAG grants discussed below, is different.
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XIII. Spending Clause and Separation of Powers Article I, Section 8, clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the “Power To lay
and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1. Article I grants this power to Congress, and Congress alone. Nothing in Article II of the Constitution provides the Executive with any independent authority to spend, or withhold, federal funds that Congress has appropriated. Rather, the Executive is obligated to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3.
Congress regularly appropriates money to be paid out to states and localities, and uses that financial leverage to induce policy changes at the state and local level. In this way, “Congress may, in the exercise of its spending power, condition its grant of funds to the States upon their taking certain actions that Congress could not require them to take.” Coll. Sav. Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educ. Expense Bd., 527 U.S. 666, 686 (1999); accord Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 576 (2012). The Supreme Court has likened Spending Clause legislation to a “contract” whereby “in return for federal funds, the States agree to comply with federally imposed conditions.” Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1, 17 (1981)).
At the same time, Congress’ power to condition receipt of federal funds is subject to a number of limitations: “Spending Clause legislation must: (1) pursue the general welfare; (2) impose unambiguous conditions on states, so they can exercise choices knowingly and with awareness of the consequences; (3) impose conditions related to federal interests in the program; and (4) not induce unconstitutional action.” Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002) (citing South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207-08, 210 (1987)). A
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spending condition can therefore transgress any of these four limitations, three of which we address here.
A. Relatedness Despite courts’ general unwillingness to invalidate grant conditions for lack of relatedness, the City launches its major Spending Clause attack by arguing that the Challenged Conditions are intended to further federal civil immigration enforcement, and are therefore unrelated to a grant program intended to provide assistance to local criminal law enforcement. Such an argument reflects the premise, fundamental to the City’s position in this litigation, that immigration enforcement and criminal justice are not sufficiently “related” to allow conditions be placed on Byrne JAG grants that would influence the City’s law enforcement policies. Amici law professors echo this view, and situate the imposition of these conditions in the context of the President’s and the Attorney General’s shared intent to crack down on illegal immigration—and to defund sanctuary cities in particular (see ECF 50 (Brief of Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, and Immigration Law Scholars))—especially after a federal court enjoined one section of an Executive Order that would have stripped sanctuary jurisdictions of all federal funding in April 2017. See Cty. of Santa Clara v. Trump, supra. The Attorney General is quick to point out that the Supreme Court still has never “overturned Spending Clause legislation on relatedness grounds,” Barbour v. Washington Metro. Area Transit Auth., 374 F.3d 1161, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2004), and emphasizes the ways in which federal law “tie[s]…together” criminal justice and immigration enforcement. (Def. Opp. at 29). The Attorney General cites various laws and situations in which immigration law and law enforcement “intersect”—such as the fact that conviction for certain criminal offenses renders a noncitizen removable, see 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2), and federal law allows partnerships between state
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or local law enforcement and immigration authorities, see 8 U.S.C. 1357(g). The Attorney General thus asserts that the conditions on Byrne grants easily survive the “discernible relationship” threshold set by the Third Circuit in Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, discussed below. 302 F.3d 161 (3d Cir. 2002). Removing criminal aliens also serves local law enforcement purposes, in the Attorney General’s view, because once removed, aliens cannot commit more crimes. The Attorney General further argues that the City implicitly concedes the existence of some sort of relationship between law enforcement and immigration enforcement by contending that its refusal to enforce immigration law aggressively has led to better public safety outcomes and lower crime rates. The Court does not dispute these general arguments, but they do not answer all the issues.
The Supreme Court has expressly declined to “define the outer bounds of the ‘germaneness’ or ‘relatedness’ limitation on the imposition of conditions under the spending power.” South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 209 n.3 (1987). Dole concerned a challenge to a Congressional statute directing the Department of Transportation to withhold a percentage of federal highway funds to states that allowed individuals under the age of 21 to purchase alcohol. South Dakota, which allowed 19-year-olds to purchase low-alcohol beer, asserted that the power to fix the state’s drinking age was its prerogative under §2 of the Twenty-First Amendment. South Dakota evidently did not press the argument that the condition was “unrelated to a national concern in the absence of the Twenty-first Amendment,” and accordingly the Court’s discussion of relatedness was relatively cursory: “the condition imposed by Congress is directly related to one of the main purposes for which highway funds are expended—safe interstate travel.” Id. at 208. The majority further noted that a presidential commission on drunk driving had found that the “lack of uniformity” in state drinking ages induced young people to drive to neighboring states
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with lower drinking ages; the requirement to raise the drinking age or else forgo federal highway funds was therefore “reasonably calculated to address this particular impediment to a purpose for which the funds are expended.” Id. at 209. The majority thus saw no need to decide where to set the relevant boundary.
The Third Circuit had occasion to draw that line in Koslow, a case both parties cite with approval, which established the “discernable relationship” test. 302 F.3d 161. In Koslow, a worker at a Pennsylvania state prison had injured himself on three occasions while carrying 80-pound bags of salt. After being given a choice of performing the full duties of his position or receiving workers’ compensation, he stayed in his job. Some three years later, he was dismissed for not being able to perform the essential functions of his job. Koslow filed suit, alleging, among other things, that the State had failed to provide a reasonable accommodation in violation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which prohibited discrimination in all federally funded programs or activities on the basis of disability, and that the State had waived Eleventh Amendment immunity by accepting federal funds. The prison in which Koslow had worked had received federal funds, and the state defendants argued that the Rehabilitation Act was unconstitutional under the Spending Clause because the limitations on the Rehabilitation Act funds (non-discrimination) were too far afield from the purposes for which they were intended.
The Third Circuit specifically rejected the defendants’ argument that a plaintiff needed to identify a specific federal interest in the funds received by the prison system. Koslow, 302 F.3d at 175. Rather, a litigant:
need only identify a discernible relationship imposed by a Rehabilitation Act condition on a “department or agency” and a federal interest in a program it funds. Through the Rehabilitation Act, Congress has expressed a clear interest in eliminating disability-based discrimination in state departments or agencies.
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That interest, which is undeniably significant and clearly reflected in the legislative history, flows with every dollar spent by a department or agency receiving federal funds. The waiver of the Commonwealth’s immunity from Rehabilitation Act claims by Department of Corrections employees furthers that interest directly. Id. at 175–76 (3d Cir. 2002) (emphasis added). The Third Circuit took care to emphasize that “the waiver of immunity conditioned on receipt of Rehabilitation Act funds applies on an agency-by-agency, or a department-by-department, basis” which “help[ed] ensure the waiver accords with the “relatedness” requirement articulated in Dole.” Id. at 176. After analogizing to other anti-discrimination statutes that had survived Spending Clause challenges, the court held the Rehabilitation Act constitutional. We have described, supra, the many relationships between immigration and criminal law and neither party disputes that criminal law violations can trigger immigration law consequences. However, framing the Court’s inquiry as whether a discernable relationship exists between immigration law and law enforcement, as the Attorney General seeks to do, situates the discussion at much too general a level. The relevant question, under Koslow, is whether this Court can “identify a discernible relationship” between a grant condition on a department or agency and “a federal interest in a program” funded by the Byrne grants. 302 F.3d at 175. Criminal justice is a very broad field with far-reaching impacts; it bears on public safety, individual freedom, the physical and mental public health systems, the economic privatization of public institutions, and beyond. Criminal convictions impact not only immigration law enforcement, but also the disbursement of local and federal benefits, voting rights, access to housing, family law, and more. In short, there is a seemingly endless list of areas of the law which can be said to be "related to" criminal justice and the local enforcement of criminal laws; it is not automatic, however, that these relationships operate in both directions. For example, while
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criminal law bears enormously on voting rights, voting laws don’t appear to have any impact on the criminal justice system.
Criminal law is integral to immigration law, specifying classes of noncitizens for high risk of removal, dictating procedures for detaining particular individuals pending removal proceedings, and defining who falls within the federal government's priorities for immigration law enforcement. However, immigration law does not impact the criminal justice system.
Immigration law has nothing to do with the enforcement of local criminal laws. As the record has established, this is absolutely the case in Philadelphia. As Commissioner Ross testified, the criminal laws of Philadelphia are uniformly enforced across the city, without regard to the immigration status, whether lawful or unlawful, of individual residents, whether they come into contact with the criminal justice system as a witness, victim, or defendant. The City even has policies in place designed to remove immigration considerations entirely from the calculus of criminal law enforcement, including instructing police officers not to inquire about the immigration status of residents. While federal immigration law officials care deeply about local criminal law outcomes, it simply is not the case that local criminal justice actors in Philadelphia care about federal immigration laws.
This point is especially important in light of the framing of the Spending Clause relatedness inquiry, below. The important question is whether the conditions at issue relate to the federal interest in the particular program they are attached to. Accepting DOJ’s argument about its interest, the most generous reading from its perspective is that it has an interest in pursuing "criminal justice" broadly. As already discussed, the fact that immigration enforcement depends on and is deeply impacted by criminal law enforcement does not mean that the pursuit of criminal justice in any way relies on the enforcement of immigration law. Realistically, it does not.
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Further, as the City points out, the Byrne JAG statute is clearly designed for the purpose of enhancing local criminal justice. When considered at this level, the argument that enforcement of federal immigration laws is related to this objective is unsustainable, particularly in light of Police Commissioner Ross's testimony. The federal interest in enforcing immigration laws falls outside of the scope of the Byrne JAG program.
1. Byrne JAG Program and the DOJ Conditions Thus, the more precise question in this case is whether a discernable relationship exists between the federal government’s interest in the Byrne JAG program and the Challenged Conditions. The parties again disagree on how to describe the relevant federal interest. The City points to a section of the Byrne statute requiring state plans to “detail[] how grants received under this section will be used to improve the administration of the criminal justice system,” which must be done in consultation with various local stakeholders. See 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(6) (emphasis added). It also cites 2005 legislative history, which asserted that the merger of Local Law Enforcement Block Grants with the former Byrne Grant Program would “give State and local governments more flexibility to spend money for programs that work for them rather than to impose a ‘one size fits all’ solution. H.R. REP. 109-233, at 89, reprinted in 2005 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1636, 1640. The Attorney General situates the federal interest in the “for criminal justice” language of 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1) to argue that the Byrne program possesses the “broad[]” objective of “support[ing] and strengthen[ing] law enforcement and criminal justice.” (ECF 28 at 29). The Attorney General relies on language from a section of the Byrne statute which, however, makes clear that the City has the better reading of the statute, especially as supplemented by legislative history. Section 10152(a)(1) establishes that the Byrne program is a formula grant
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and provides applicant jurisdictions a broad menu of programs and purposes to which they might
apply Byrne funds:
the Attorney General may, in accordance with the formula established under section 10156 of this title, make grants to States and units of local government, for use by the State or unit of local government to provide additional personnel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, training, technical assistance, and information systems for criminal justice, including for any one or more of the following programs:
(A) Law enforcement programs. (B) Prosecution and court programs. (C) Prevention and education programs. (D) Corrections and community corrections programs. (E) Drug treatment and enforcement programs. (F) Planning, evaluation, and technology improvement programs. (G) Crime victim and witness programs (other than compensation). (H) Mental health programs and related law enforcement and corrections programs, including behavioral programs and crisis intervention teams.
34 U.S.C.A. § 10152 (a)(1).
Thus, the best reading of the Byrne statute is that Congress intended to create a formula
grant program that simply provided fiscal assistance to states and localities for any of a wide
variety of permissible purposes that the applicant jurisdictions, having heard from various
stakeholders, were entitled to select. Congress set up the Byrne program, and the “federal
interest” that Koslow requires this Court to evaluate for Spending Clause purposes is Congress’s
very broadly stated interest as articulated in the Byrne statute, not the Attorney General’s interest
in public safety or immigration enforcement, which is not mentioned in the statute. See Koslow,
302 F.3d at 175.
Congress employed its spending power to create a grant program to provide money for
“administration of the criminal justice system,” with the intent that states and municipalities use
the money as they see fit. Any relationship connecting this formula grant program, which
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provides wide latitude to states and municipalities, and the conditions of requiring jail access to
federal immigration authorities to interview alien inmates and 48 hours’ advance notice to federal
immigration authorities of a noncitizen’s release from custody, is therefore difficult to discern.
2. Certification Condition
The Certification Condition presents a more difficult issue because Congress indicated its
intent in the Byrne statute to require “applicant[s]” to “comply with…all other applicable Federal
laws.” See 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D).26 The Byrne statute differentiates “applicant[s]” from
“programs to be funded” in requiring
(5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that-(A) the programs to be funded by the grant meet all the requirements of this part; (B) all the information contained in the application is correct; (C) there has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies; and (D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.
34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5) (emphases added).
Philadelphia is the “applicant” for purposes of this subsection. If the Court assumes for a
moment that 8 U.S.C. § 1373 is indeed an applicable federal law, then the statute is best read as
requiring compliance with Section 1373 by all city officials, regardless of function. Moreover,
the text of Section 1373(a) bars cities like Philadelphia from implementing policies that restrict
sending or receiving “information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or
unlawful, of any individual.” 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a) (emphases added). This statutory provision—by
26 Whether the Certification Condition requires compliance with Section 1373 by the entire City or simply the “programs or activities” receiving Byrne funds was the subject of considerable debate at oral argument. Counsel for the Attorney General indicated that only “programs or activities” receiving Byrne funds were subject to the Certification Condition, as spelled out in the “special conditions” attached to the Greenville award letter. (ECF 21-6 at ¶ 53). The City pointed to various communications from the federal government, including a letter from the Office of Justice Programs dated October 11, 2017 (ECF 28-1) suggesting that the whole City was subject to the Certification Condition.
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its plain terms—is in no way limited to aliens, criminal aliens, or even convicted criminals. Thus, conditioning funding for local law enforcement on the compliance by, for example, Dr. Farley’s health workers toward their law-abiding patients is the sort of overly “attenuated or tangential relationship” that arguably exceeds the relatedness requirement of grant conditions under the Spending Clause. South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 215 (1987) (O’Connor, J., dissenting); see also Koslow, 302 F.3d at 176 (sustaining Rehabilitation Act waiver of sovereign immunity where it applied only to the agencies or departments actually receiving federal funds under the act).
Although the Certification Condition appears to have some relationship with the JAG Program, this Court is mindful of the demanding threshold imposed by Dole and Koslow. For purposes of the present motion for preliminary injunction, it suffices to say that the “relatedness issue” is a close question. However, it is clear that the City has established that it uses the Byrne JAG money for purposes much broader than the prosecution of criminals, and that adherence to the Department of Justice conditions would conflict with its justifiable policies towards non-criminal aliens.
B. Lack of ambiguity In their briefs, both parties address their ambiguity arguments toward the issue of whether the Challenged Conditions themselves provide unambiguous guidance to the City. The City asserts that the 48-hour advance “Notice” and jail “Access” conditions give no guidance for situations where a suspect might be detained pending trial with no release date, or where a detained inmate refused to speak to ICE. With respect to the Certification Condition, the problem, from the City’s perspective, is more fundamental still: in light of shifting political winds, “ominous” DOJ press releases, inconsistent guidance as to the scope of the Certification Condition, and lack of case law on what types of policies actually violate Section 1373, the City was simply unsure
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what it was agreeing to. The Attorney General faults the City for proceeding to litigation before availing itself of
the opportunity to consult with the Department of Justice about any questions it might have, an opportunity it claims is afforded to grantees (see Greenville SC Award Letter, Pl. Mot. Ex. D). Moreover, the Attorney General considers all conditions unambiguous and fully spelled out in the documents awarding Byrne grants to local jurisdictions, such as the award letter issued to Greenville County, South Carolina. (See id.). Dismissing the City’s “nit-picking,” the Attorney General argues that the Access and Notice Conditions are not facially ambiguous; after all, a locality has no notification obligations until DHS asks—at which point it must respond “as early as practicable”—and an inmate could decide not to speak to an ICE officer once the officer was allowed access. Ignoring the Department of Justice press releases, which the City claims amount to “mixed messages” (Pl. Mot. at 40), the Attorney General cites only to prior guidance on compliance on Section 1373, which it claims is unambiguous.
Neither party would dispute that “federal grant programs originate in and remain governed by statutory provisions expressing the judgment of Congress concerning desirable public policy,” Bennett v. Kentucky Dep’t of Educ., 470 U.S. 656, 669 (1985), yet the emphasis on the Challenged Conditions somewhat obscures the issue, acknowledged by both counsel at oral argument, of the role of Congress itself, to which the spending power is exclusively conferred under Article I.
Spending Clause ambiguity cases generally involve statutory construction, not interpretation of conditions imposed by an agency. In a typical case, the state assails the congressional statute itself for failing to unambiguously impose conditions on receipt of federal funds. See, e.g., Arlington Cent. Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Murphy, 548 U.S. 291 (2006);
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Pennhurst, 451 U.S. 1. This can occur whether or not the state is seeking to evade liability when sued by a private party, or in turn seeks legal relief against the federal government. Compare Arlington Cent. 548 U.S. 291 and Pennhurst, 451 U.S. 1 with Com. of Va., Dep’t of Educ. v. Riley, 106 F.3d 559 (4th Cir. 1997) (en banc). Such cases, naturally, frame their discussion in terms of Congress’ exercise of the purse strings under Article I:
The legitimacy of Congress’ power to legislate under the spending power thus rests on whether the State voluntarily and knowingly accepts the terms of the “contract.” There can, of course, be no knowing acceptance if a State is unaware of the conditions or is unable to ascertain what is expected of it. Accordingly, if Congress intends to impose a condition on the grant of federal moneys, it must do so unambiguously. By insisting that Congress speak with a clear voice, we enable the States to exercise their choice knowingly, cognizant of the consequences of their participation. Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 17 (internal citations omitted) (holding that Section 6010 of the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act did not unambiguously condition receipt of federal funds on providing residents of disabled home a right to “appropriate treatment, services, and habilitation” in “the setting that is least restrictive of the person’s personal liberty”). At least one subsequent opinion has posited that this passage analogizes the grant and receipt of federal funds to offer and acceptance in the process of contract formation. Barnes v. Gorman, 536 U.S. 181, 186 (2002) (citing id.). When engaging in an inquiry regarding ambiguity, a court “must view” a statute “from the perspective of a state official who is engaged in the process of deciding whether the State should accept” federal funds. Arlington Cent., 548 U.S. at 296. “In other words,” Arlington Central continued, a court must ask whether a statute “furnishes clear notice regarding the liability at issue.” Id. With the introduction of a federal agency into the transaction, the analogy to offer and acceptance in a bilateral contract is a less intuitively helpful guide: Was it Congress or the agency
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making the offer? Did Congress authorize the agency to introduce terms and conditions, and under what circumstances? Is Section 1373 a Congressionally mandated condition? What must be unambiguous? Specifically, if there is arguable lack of clarity both in the statute and in the agency guidance, what is a court’s role?
Com. of Va., Dep’t of Educ. v. Riley held that the requisite clear notice must be found in the statute itself. 106 F.3d 559 (4th Cir. 1997) (en banc) (adopting original dissenting panel opinion of Luttig, J.). In Riley, the Department of Education interpreted the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to require states to provide private educational services to disabled students who had been expelled for reasons unrelated to their disabilities. Because Virginia did not provide private educational services to this subset of students, the Department of Education sought to withhold funds; Virginia then argued that it was in compliance with the IDEA, and that the Department’s interpretation imposed conditions not required by the statute. The Fourth Circuit, sitting en banc, sided with Virginia. Pursuant to the then-operative text of the IDEA, the court then held that a state was required to “assure[] all children with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education.” 20 U.S.C. 1412(1). The majority began with basic constitutional principles: “in order for the States to be bound by a condition upon the receipt of federal monies, the Congress must have affirmatively imposed that condition in clear and unmistakable statutory terms.” Riley, 106 F.3d at 563. It continued to the plain language of the statute itself: “under even ordinary standards of statutory construction,” the majority held, the IDEA “d[id] not impose, implicitly or otherwise, the condition for which the Federal Government argue[d].” Id. The majority was cognizant of the federalism concerns underlying the dispute between a state and the federal government over public education, traditionally an area of local control. Id. at 566. Riley supports the City’s legal position. The Attorney General’s
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Supplemental Brief (ECF 70) unsuccessfully attempts to distinguish its factual relevance to this case, and it is likely the Third Circuit would follow this decision.
This Court therefore emphasizes the language of the statute authorizing Byrne JAG grants, employing traditional tools of statutory construction but remaining mindful of the federalism concerns at stake. Whether Congress unambiguously imposed the Challenged Conditions (or unambiguously authorized the Attorney General so to do) entails largely the same inquiry as whether it conferred authority upon the Attorney General to impose them, as discussed in preceding sections of this memorandum. At oral argument, Defendant relied on the same language in the OJP statute allowing the AAG to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants, and determ[e] priority purposes for formula grants,” as well as the requirement that applicants certify compliance with “all other applicable Federal laws” to defend the constitutionality of the Challenged Conditions under the Spending Clause.
Simply put, the Access and 48-hours Notice Conditions cannot have been unambiguously authorized by Congress if they were never statutorily authorized. Similarly, Congress’s statutory authorization for the Certification Condition—pursuant to the “all other applicable Federal laws” language of 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D)—is a “close call,” see infra, especially under Arlington Central’s recipient-centric test. See 548 U.S. at 296. The much-debated phrase “all other applicable Federal laws” is susceptible to a number of reasonable readings: on one hand it could signify all federal laws related to grantmaking (as the City would have it), or on the other, all federal laws related to law enforcement, or even the entire corpus of federal law codified in the United States Code.27 This malleable language does not provide the “clear notice that would be
27 In support of its argument that the Certification Condition is unambiguous, the Attorney General cites prior DOJ guidance that notably punts on the scope of “all other applicable Federal laws”:
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needed to attach such a condition to a State’s receipt of…funds.” See id. at 300. Nonetheless, because the present motion is one for a preliminary injunction, this Court
need not make a ruling on the merits of the City’s “ambiguity” challenge. However, the Court concludes the City is likely to prevail on its argument that the Attorney General’s decision to condition receipt of JAG funds on certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 may be inconsistent with the requirement that all conditions on funds be unambiguously imposed by Congress. This concern is particularly prevalent here because of federalism concerns, given that “[o]ur constitutional structure leaves local criminal activity primarily to the States.” Bond v. United States, 134 S. Ct. 2077, 2083 (2014). See Riley, 106 F.3d at 566 (“Insistence upon a clear, unambiguous statutory expression of congressional intent to condition the States’ receipt of federal funds in a particular manner is especially important where, as here, the claimed condition requires the surrender of one of . . . the powers or functions reserved to the States by the Tenth Amendment.”).
C. Coercion and the Tenth Amendment The Tenth Amendment states a “truism” that “[t]he powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100, 124 (1941); U.S. Const. Am. 10. There is “nothing in the history of its adoption to suggest that it was more than declaratory of the relationship between the national and state governments as had been established by the
Q. The “JAG Sanctuary Policy Guidance” cited Section 1373. Are there other components of Title 8 of the United States Code that are required for compliance? A. All grantees are required to assure and certify compliance with all applicable federal statutes, regulations, policies, guidelines, and requirements. States may wish to consult with their legal counsel if they have any questions or concerns as to the scope of this requirement. (ECF 1-12, Office of Justice Programs Guidance Regarding Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, at 3) (emphasis added).
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Constitution before the amendment.” Darby, 312 U.S. at 124. Nonetheless, the Tenth Amendment embodies the principle of Federalism that pervades the Constitution. Thus, courts frequently cite to the Tenth Amendment as a placeholder for Federalism concerns. See, e.g., Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sibelius (“NFIB”)), 567 U.S. 519, 647 (2012) (Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Alito, JJ., dissenting) (“What is absolutely clear, affirmed by the text of the 1789 Constitution, by the Tenth Amendment ratified in 1791, and by innumerable cases of ours in the 220 years since, is that there are structural limits upon federal power.”). More specifically, in the context of the Spending Clause, the Tenth Amendment represents a prohibition against “impermissible compulsion” or “commandeering,” i.e., “when state participation in a federal spending program is coerced.” NFIB, 567 U.S. at 677 (dissent). Among many cases, we review several to guide this Court’s Tenth Amendment analysis.
1. New York v. United States In New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992), the Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of three provisions of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (“LLRWPAA”), finding only two of the three provisions consistent with “the Constitution’s allocation of power to the Federal Government.” Id. at 149. The LLRWPAA required each state to be “responsible for providing, either by itself or in cooperation with other States, for the disposal of . . . low-level radioactive waste generated within the State.” 42 U.S.C. § 2021c(a)(1)(A). To encourage the states to comply with this statutory requirement, the LLRWPAA provided three types of incentives:
1. Monetary incentives in the form of surcharge fees paid to states who receive radioactive waste from other states;
2. Access incentives in the form of penalties for states which fail to indicate, within approximately one year of the Act’s passage, an intent to develop a disposal facility or which fail to join a regional compact to develop a disposal facility; and 107

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3. A take title provision mandating that states which fail to provide, within approximately ten years of the Act’s passage, for disposal of waste generated within its borders must take title to such waste upon notification by the owner of the waste.
The Court’s opinion distilled the central issue of the case to one sentence: “This litigation . . . concerns the circumstances under which Congress may use the States as implements of regulation; that is, whether Congress may direct or otherwise motivate the States to regulate in a particular field or a particular way.” Id. at 161. The Court noted that the division of power between state governments and the federal government changes in the context of Congressionally-imposed conditions on the receipt of federal funds, because state governments can simply refuse the funds and thus avoid any drawbacks of compliance with the associated conditions. Id. at 168.
Ultimately, the Court found the first two “incentives” to be valid exercises of Congress’s Commerce Clause powers. Then, the Court analyzed the third “incentive” under the Spending Clause, because it was an example of Congress placing conditions “on the receipt of federal funds.” Id. at 172. The Court found that the third condition violated the Constitution because it represented “[a] choice between two unconstitutionally coercive regulatory techniques.” Id. at 176 (declining to state whether the provision lay “outside Congress’s enumerated powers” or “infring[ed] upon the core of state sovereignty reserved by the Tenth Amendment,” but stating that either way, “the provision is inconsistent with the federal structure of our Government . . . .”).
2. Printz v. United States In Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997), the Supreme Court held that several provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act were unconstitutional because they “purport[ed] to direct state law enforcement officers to participate, albeit only temporarily, in the administration of a federally enacted regulatory scheme.” Id. at 904. The majority opinion,
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authored by Justice Scalia, explained that the “enactments of the early Congresses, as far as we are aware, contain no evidence of an assumption that the Federal Government may command the States’ executive power in the absence of a particularized constitutional authorization.” Id. at 909. The Court also noted that the Constitution itself demonstrates the Founders’ view that “a healthy balance of power between the States and the Federal Government will reduce the risk of tyranny and abuse from either front.” Id. at 921 (quoting Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452, 458 (1991). The Court cited various prior Supreme Court opinions that “made clear that the Federal Government may not compel the States to implement, by legislation or executive action, federal regulatory programs.” Id. at 925–26 (citing, among other cases, FERC v. Mississippi, 456 U.S. 742 (1982), in which the Court construed several provisions of a federal statute requiring states only to “consider” federal standards). In particular, the Court found it improper for federal officials to “forc[e] state governments to absorb the financial burden of implementing a federal regulatory program” or to put them “in the position of taking the blame for its burdensomeness and for its defects.” Printz, 521 U.S. at 930.
3. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sibelius In NFIB, the Supreme Court considered a challenge to the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). 567 U.S. at 519. As originally drafted, ACA provided substantial federal funds to states to expand their Medicaid programs, but if states chose not to accept the additional funds, they would not only forgo those funds, but lose all existing federal funds as well. The plaintiff states challenged the statute as unduly coercive. Justice Roberts, writing for a plurality of the Court, agreed. The plurality emphasized that decisions of the Court had “repeatedly characterized ... Spending Clause legislation as ‘much in the nature of a contract.”
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Id. at 576-77 (quoting Barnes v. Gorman, 536 U.S. 181, 186 (2002)). As such, states cannot

freely accept funds where they are coerced into doing so by the lopsided terms of the grant. Id. at

577. After some discussion of Federalism principles, the plurality stated:

Id. at 585.

We have upheld Congress’s authority to condition the receipt of funds on the States’ complying with restrictions on the use of those funds, because that is the means by which Congress ensures that the funds are spent according to its view of the “general Welfare.” Conditions that do not here govern the use of the funds, however, cannot be justified on that basis.

However, it was not only the “contractual” concerns of Spending Clause that animated the

Court’s approach to the Medicaid expansion condition. All of the seven justices who agreed the

Medicaid expansion condition, as written, was unduly coercive detailed their concerns with

federal legislation that compels states to take “unpopular actions” because “state officials [] will

bear the brunt of public disapproval, while the federal officials who devised the regulatory

program may remain insulated from the electoral ramifications of their decision.” Id. at 578

(Roberts, Breyer, Kagan, JJ.); id. at 678 (Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Alito, JJ.) (both citing New

York, 505 U.S. at 169). Equally concerning to the dissenting justices (Ginsburg and Sotomayor)

was the fact that state officials might also “favor such a departure from the constitutional plan, since uncertainty concerning responsibility may also permit them to escape accountability.” Id.28

4. City of New York v. United States In City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999), New York City lodged a

facial challenge against Section 434 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity

28 This Court notes that the Supreme Court has also decided Tenth Amendment challenges under the Commerce Clause, which implicate similar Federalism concerns as Spending Clause cases. See, e.g., Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141 (2000); F.E.R.C. v. Mississippi, 456 U.S. 742 (1982).
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Reconciliation Act of 1996 and Section 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996, both of which, similar to Section 1373 at issue in the present litigation,
“prohibit[ed] state and local governments from limiting their employees in the voluntary provision
of information about the immigration status of aliens to [INS].” Id. at 31. New York based its
Tenth Amendment challenge on the conflict between those sections and City Executive Order No.
124, which prohibited city employees from transmitting information regarding the immigration
status of aliens to federal immigration authorities unless:
(1) required by law; (2) consented to by the alien in writing; or (3) such alien was suspected of engaging in criminal activity. Id. at 31 n.1.
The Second Circuit found that the challenged provisions did not violate the Tenth
Amendment because the provisions “do not directly compel states or localities to require or
prohibit anything. Rather, they prohibit state and local governmental entities or officials only
from directly restricting the voluntary exchange of immigration information with the INS.” Id. at
35 (emphasis added). The Court’s central analysis focused on the need for cooperation between
state and federal governments for their “mutual benefit”:
The City's sovereignty argument asks us to turn the Tenth Amendment's shield against the federal government's using state and local governments to enact and administer federal programs into a sword allowing states and localities to engage in passive resistance that frustrates federal programs. If Congress may not forbid states from outlawing even voluntary cooperation with federal programs by state and local officials, states will at times have the power to frustrate effectuation of some programs. Absent any cooperation at all from local officials, some federal programs may fail or fall short of their goals unless federal officials resort to legal processes in every routine or trivial matter, often a practical impossibility.
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Id. at 35. Nonetheless, the Second Circuit stated that it might have decided the issue differently had
the level of intrusion on city policies been demonstrated more adequately. First, it noted that the Executive Order itself was the only policy proffered by New York as intrusive on its sovereignty under the Tenth Amendment. Second, it pointed out that the court’s inquiry was limited because it involved a facial challenge; thus, the challenge required New York to demonstrate that no set of circumstances existed under which the Act would be valid. Third, the court found the Executive Order too narrowly drawn to justify New York’s concern that the challenged provisions prevented the City from providing essential municipal services and receiving reports of criminal activity from residents. Specifically, the court found the Executive Order protected immigration status as confidential only from federal immigration authorities. Thus, the Executive Order did not operate to “prevent the sharing of information with anyone outside the INS.” Id. at 37. Because of this, the Executive Order appeared geared more towards “singl[ing] out a particular federal policy for non-cooperation [despite] allowing City employees to share freely the information in question with the rest of the world.” Id.
However, had the City shown that “the information covered by the Executive Order might in fact be subject to other confidentiality provisions that would prevent is dissemination generally[,] . . . the Executive Order might be viewed more as an explanatory measure designed to reassure aliens that information they might impart was truly confidential.” Id. In the end, the Second Circuit specifically disclaimed the effect of its decision on any inquiry into whether the challenged section “would survive a constitutional challenge in the context of generalized confidentiality policies that are necessary to the performance of legitimate municipal functions and that include federal immigration status,” stating explicitly, “we offer no opinion on that
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question.” Id. 5. The Present Case
Without specifically so holding, the Court concludes, relying on Galarza, that Philadelphia is likely to succeed on the merits of its Tenth Amendment challenge to the Access, 48-hour Notice, and Certification conditions. As it pertains to the Certification condition, this argument is somewhat distinct from that presented in City of Chicago v. Sessions and City of New York v. U.S., in which Section 1373 itself was challenged on Tenth Amendment grounds. No. CV-17-C-5720, 2017 WL 4081821 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017); 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999). This Court need not analyze the City’s Tenth Amendment claim in detail, as the Court will not rely on it in considering whether to grant a preliminary injunction.
Nonetheless, it bears mention that, because the Access and Notice conditions impose affirmative obligations on Philadelphia, with associated costs of complying with such conditions, they do implicate the Tenth Amendment and its built-in anti-commandeering principles.
With respect to the Certification condition, this Court agrees with the Court in City of Chicago that Section 1373 (and in this case, compliance with it), “poses a unique and novel constitutional question.” 2017 WL 4081821, at *12. Literal compliance with Section 1373 would inherently prevent Philadelphia from, among other things, disciplining an employee for choosing to spend her free time or work time assisting in the enforcement of federal immigration laws. See id. (“If a state or local government cannot control the scope of its officials' employment by limiting the extent of their paid time spent cooperating with the INS, then Section 1373 may practically limit the ability of state and local governments to decline to administer or enforce a federal regulatory program.”). Therefore, this Court declines to rest a preliminary injunction on Tenth Amendment grounds, but notes that the effect of Section 1373 compliance may be to
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XIV. Philadelphia Substantially Complies with Section 1373 The doctrine of substantial compliance is a judicial tool designed to promote equitable
relief. In cases where a party has meaningfully performed as expected, despite noncompliance with minor, unimportant requirements, this doctrine enables a court to excuse such imperfection and conclude that as a matter of fairness the party is entitled to the benefit she seeks. A finding of substantial compliance is warranted where a party has “complied with the essential requirements, whether of a contract or of a statute.” In re Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., 285 F.3d 522, 525 n. 3 (6th Cir. 2002) (quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1428 (6th ed.1991)) (internal modifications omitted).
A. Substantial Compliance Can Be Implied Several statutes—including those implementing federal grant programs that condition receipt of federal aid on compliance with particular conditions—explicitly build in a standard of “substantial compliance” in the terms of the statute. See., e.g., 42 U.S.C. § 12753, Penalties for Misuse of Funds (conditioning the grant of federal dollars to states under the Home Investment Partnerships on substantial compliance with the entire statutory scheme and all conditions announced therein). External references to the Byrne JAG program actually impose a standard of substantial compliance with particular requirements in order for a state to maintain its full award. Under 34 U.S.C.A. § 20927, for example, “a jurisdiction that fails, as determined by the Attorney General, to substantially implement this subchapter [dealing with sex offender registration and notification] shall not receive 10 percent of the funds that would otherwise be allocated for that fiscal year to the jurisdiction under [the Byrne JAG program].” Courts have imposed the substantial compliance doctrine in evaluating some statutes that do not explicitly invoke it. The Third Circuit, for example, has read into the Social Security Act a
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broad application of the substantial compliance doctrine, despite “substantial compliance” language appearing only discretely within one section of the overall statute. Shands v. Tull, 602 F.2d 1156, 1160 (3d Cir. 1979). The Court focused on two provisions within the Act requiring less than perfect compliance with a federal regulation mandating disbursement of Aid to Families with Dependent Children. One of those provisions threatened to cut off federal aid for these programs upon “failure to comply Substantially,” while the other permitted a four percent rate of error in determining eligibility.” Id. The Court was persuaded that these two provisions “show an implied intent to hold the states to a standard of substantial compliance and thus to make some allowance for the difficulties of administering an extensive bureaucracy.” Id. As such, it required only substantial compliance with a specific regulation requiring states to issue final administrative action within 90 days of a request for a hearing to review denial of a claim. Id. at 1161.
The First Circuit and the Ninth Circuit have both held that states need only be in “substantial compliance” with the terms of the federal statute setting forth minimum requirements for state wiretap procedures, in order to be legitimate and to avoid preemption. United States v. Smith, 726 F.2d 852 (1st Cir. 1984) (en banc); Villa v. Maricopa County, 865 F.3d 1224 (9th Cir. 2017).
The Ninth Circuit generally recognizes a limited doctrine of substantial compliance in the context of requirements imposed by federal law. Sawyer v. Sonoma County, 719 F.2d 1001 (9th Cir. 1983). The Ninth Circuit views it as “an equitable doctrine designed to avoid hardship in cases where the party does all that can reasonably be expected of him.” Id. at 1008. Specifically, substantial compliance may be enough only with respect to procedural regulatory requirements, where “the essential statutory purposes have been fulfilled.” Baccei v. U.S., 632 F.3d 1140 (9th
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Cir. 2011) (quoting Shotgun Delivery, Inc. v. United States, 269 F.3d 969, 973 (9th Cir. 2001)). In contrast, “when the requirement relates to the substance of the statute or where the essential purposes have not been fulfilled,” strict compliance is the standard. Id.
The Court notes that the Ninth Circuit has also held that “[a]s a general rule, a state that accepts federal funds with conditions attached must strictly comply with those conditions—substantial compliance will not be good enough.” California Alliance of Child and Family Services v. Allenby, 589 F.3d 1017 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Withrow v. Concannon, 942 F.2d 1385, 1386-87 (9th Cir. 1991). But California Alliance dealt with the very clear and specific condition under the Child Welfare Act that “participating states ‘shall’ cover the listed costs.” Id. at 1023. This stands in sharp contrast to the very general nature of Section 1373. Moreover, in California Alliance the Ninth Circuit considered accepting substantial rather than strict compliance given that a relevant statute indicated that “the federal government is willing to accept ‘substantial compliance’ at least in some circumstances,” and “it makes sense that compliance cannot, as a practical matter, invariably be strict.” Id. There are some requirements for which strict compliance is appropriate, such as non-discrimination conditions. However, the factual history and latent ambiguity, as discussed above, show that as to the Attorney General’s conditions, strict compliance is impractical, particularly in light of the generalized nature of the statute and DOJ’s admittedly flexible expectations.
B. Substantial Compliance Can Apply to Grant Conditions Substantial compliance is a broadly recognized feature of contract law, as articulated in Judge Cardozo’s seminal opinion on the matter in Jacob & Youngs, Inc., v. Kent, 230 N.Y. 239 (Ct. App. N.Y. 1921). For example, one subset of contract cases in which substantial compliance has almost universally been applied is in determining whether an insurance policyholder has
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properly changed the beneficiary of their policy. Pennsylvania law routinely follows this formula. Cipriani v. Sun Life Ins. Co. of America, 757 F.2d 78, 81 (3d Cir. 1985) (“Pennsylvania courts will give effect to an insured’s intention to change the beneficiary on an insurance policy where, even in the absence of strict compliance with the policy provisions, the insured has made every reasonable effort under the circumstances to comply with those provisions.”) (citing Provident Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Ehrlich, 508 F.2d 129, 132–33 (3d Cir.1975); Skamoricus v. Konagiskie, 177 A. 809 (Pa. 1935); Ruggeri v. Griffiths, 173 A. 396 (Pa. 1934); see also, Teachers Ins. And Annuity Ass’n of America v. Bernardo, 683 F.Supp.2d 344 (E.D. Pa 2010). Federal courts likewise recognize this application of substantial compliance to the context of an attempt to change the beneficiary of an insurance policy, including under federal law. See, e.g., Phoenix Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Adams, 30 F.3d 554, 563 (4th Cir. 1994) (applying the doctrine of substantial compliance to determine whether an ERISA life insurance policy holder has changed the beneficiary of her plan, even though the plan provides for a very specific procedure to make such a modification); Cooper v. United States, 340 F.2d 845, 848 (6th Cir. 1965). The Fourth Circuit held that this application of the substantial compliance doctrine is legitimate because it “will not compromise any of the rights of or impose any additional obligations on plan administrators or sponsors,” and not applying it would lead to “relatively harsh results” for policy holders. Phoenix Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Adams, 30 F.3d at 563. Importantly, the Court noted that the doctrine is not in conflict with the statute, simply because the statute does not address the issue. Id.
The application of the substantial compliance doctrine to contract law is important for our purposes, as the acceptance of federal grant money conditioned on compliance with specified conditions has, as discussed above, been analogized over and over to a state entering into a
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contract with the federal government. As the Supreme Court has explained, “legislation enacted pursuant to the spending power is much in the nature of a contract: in return for federal funds, the States agree to comply with federally imposed conditions.” Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 16. Dole further emphasized that, as in any proposed contractual relationship, states absolutely retain the choice to accept or reject grant funds made available under Spending Clause legislation; opting in “remains the prerogative of the States not merely in theory but in fact.” 483 U.S. at 211-12.
The substantial compliance doctrine permits courts to avoid harsh outcomes where one party to a contract has complied with the substantive requirements imposed on it but has made mistakes or omissions with respect to the procedural aspects of the agreement. So long as it would not unfairly disfavor the other party, substantial compliance excuses these minor errors and dictates that the contract should be enforced. Pennsylvania law, for example, recognizes the doctrine of substantial compliance as a way of fashioning equitable relief, where appropriate, in the case of imperfect performance on a contract. Specifically, under this doctrine minor noncompliance with the terms of a contract may be excused. However, with regard to statutory and regulatory provisions, perfect compliance is the standard:
[T]he equitable doctrine of substantial performance may excuse unimportant omissions with regard to the terms or requirements of a contract between two parties; the doctrine of substantial performance will not excuse, however, failures of omission, important or otherwise, with regard to the requirements of a substantive regulation having the force and effect of law. Strict compliance with the requirements of statute and of the regulations duly promulgated in accordance therewith is mandatory; substantial compliance is insufficient.
Casey Ball Supports Coordination, LLC v. Department of Human Services, 160 A.3d 278, 283 (Cmwlth Ct. Pa. 2017) (quoting State College Manor, Ltd. V. Com., Dept. of Public Welfare, 92 Pa. Cmwlth. 89, 94 (Cmwlth Ct. Pa. 1985)); see also, Sgarlat v. Griffith, 349 Pa. 42 (Sup. Ct. Pa.
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1944)). Federal courts likewise regularly recognize the doctrine of substantial compliance in the context of contracts.
Federal courts have applied concepts central to contract law, to other areas of the law which track the defining features of contract law. Specifically, the Supreme Court has held that due to their similarity to contracts, consent decrees should be evaluated in light of governing principles in contract law: “since consent decrees and orders have many of the attributes of ordinary contracts, they should be construed basically as contracts…reliance upon certain aids to construction is proper, as with any other contract. Such aids include the circumstances surrounding the formation of the consent order, any technical meaning words used may have had to the parties, and any other documents expressly incorporated in the decree.” U.S. v. ITT Continental Baking Co., 420 U.S. 223, 237-38 (1975). Based on this same reasoning, the Ninth Circuit and the Tenth Circuit have both applied the concept of substantial compliance in evaluating the proper enforcement of consent decrees. Jeff D. v. Otter, 643 F.3d 278 (9th Cir. 2011); Joseph A. by Wolfe v. New Mexico Dept. of Human Services, 69 F.3d 1080, 1085-86 (10th Cir. 1995).
The supplemental briefs of the parties contend opposite views of the applicability of “substantial compliance” doctrine in this case. Neither side has cited, nor has the Court’s research found, a precedential appellate opinion that would allow or deny this concept in a similar case. The City relies on the type of analysis above. The government insists Congressional language, particularly Section 1373, harbors no exceptions, even for minor matters. Exercising its discretion, and noting the hesitancy to make firm decisions on some of the legal issues in this case, but finding that it is likely the City will prevail on one and possibly more of its contentions, the Court will apply the doctrine of substantial compliance and find that the City is in substantial compliance, as noted in the Findings of Fact, supra.
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XV. Irreparable Harm A. The Status Quo Although courts analyze four factors 29 in deciding whether to issue a preliminary
injunction, the underlying purpose of a preliminary injunction is to ensure that the parties do not change the underlying facts of a case in an “irreparably harmful” way before a court has the opportunity to decide a case on the merits.
In fact, many courts have observed that that the purpose of the preliminary injunction is this preservation of the status quo. See, e.g., Acierno v. New Castle Cty., 40 F.3d 645, 647 (3d Cir. 1994) (“A primary purpose of a preliminary injunction is maintenance of the status quo until a decision on the merits of a case is rendered.”); accord Hollon v. Mathis Independent School Dist., 491 F.2d 92 (5th Cir. 1974); Bath Industries, Inc. v. Blot, 427 F.2d 97 (7th Cir.). Due to the importance of maintaining the status quo, an injunction may not issue if it would disturb the status quo. See LaChemise Lacoste v. General Mills, Inc., 487 F.2d 312, 314 (3d Cir. 1973) (refusing to issue a preliminary injunction because it “would necessarily have gone beyond the maintenance of the status quo”). This Court finds that, given the long history of Philadelphia’s reliance on the annual receipt of Byrne JAG grants, and the absence of any evidence of abuse or misapplication, the preservation of the status quo is one substantial reason to grant the City’s motion for preliminary injunction.
B. Philadelphia Has Demonstrated Irreparable Harm The Attorney General contends that Philadelphia cannot demonstrate it will suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary injunctive relief. More specifically, the Attorney
29 (1) Whether the movant has shown a reasonable probability of success on the merits; (2) Whether the movant will be irreparably injured by denial of the relief; (3) whether granting preliminary relief will result in even greater harm to the nonmoving party; and (4) whether granting the preliminary relief will be in the public interest. American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey v. Black Horse Pike Regional Bd. of Educ., 84 F.3d 1471, 1477 n.2 (3d Cir. 1996).
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General cites to National Federal, stating that the Supreme Court’s Tenth Amendment “coerciveness” analysis shows the City cannot demonstrate irreparable harm by virtue of “abandoning its right to self-government.” This point somewhat conflates two areas of the law: the “irreparable harm” element of preliminary injunctions and the constitutional threshold for Tenth Amendment “coerciveness.” Nonetheless, because the city’s potential Byrne grant is only $1.6 million in FY 2017, it represents less than .1% of Philadelphia’s overall annual budget. The worst that could happen, according to the Attorney General, is that the DOJ moves forward on its Byrne awards and Philadelphia is found ineligible for a tiny fraction of its budget.
Philadelphia, on the other hand, notes that the $1.6 million represents far more than portrayed by the Attorney General, who asserts that the $1.6 million is a very minor part of the overall City budget, or even the PPD’s $600 million budget. However, the city shows approximately 97% of the PPD’s budget is tied to wages and personnel costs, which means the $1.6 million represents approximately 10% of the remaining PPD budget.
With the additional funds, the City intends to bolster several criminal justice initiatives, including a dramatic expansion in the availability of naloxone for its officers to revive civilians experiencing opioid overdose. Because the City administered naloxone approximately 300 times last year, but opioid overdoses still accounted for 900 deaths in the City, Philadelphia seeks to use a portion of the Byrne funds to bolster its officers’ ability to administer naloxone in the field. Given the seriousness of the opioid crisis and its effects on the City, Philadelphia contends that, “[w]ithout hyperbole: These projects save lives.” (Pl’s Mot. at 5).
Determining “what may constitute irreparable harm in a particular case is, of course, dependent upon the particular circumstances of the case.” Oburn v. Shapp, 521 F.2d 142, 151 (3d Cir. 1975). The party moving for a preliminary injunction “must demonstrate both a likelihood of
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success on the merits and the probability of irreparable harm if relief is not granted.” Morton v. Beyer, 822 F.2d 364, 367 (3d Cir. 1987). However, “[e]stablishing a risk of irreparable harm is not enough. A plaintiff has the burden of proving a ‘clear showing of immediate irreparable injury.’” ECRI v. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 809 F.2d 223, 226 (3d Cir. 1987) (quoting Continental Group, Inc. v. Amoco Chemical Corp., 614 F.2d 351, 359 (3d Cir. 1980).
To demonstrate irreparable harm, the moving party may point to potential harm which cannot be redressed by a legal or equitable remedy following trial. See Instant Air Freight Co. v. C.F. Air Freight, Inc., 882 F.2d 797 (1989) (citing Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo, 456 U.S. 305 (1982) (“The Court has repeatedly held that the basis for injunctive relief in the federal courts has always been irreparable injury and the inadequacy of legal remedies.”).
The City has proven, by a preponderance of the evidence, that it is faced with a “stark choice” among the following:
(1) changing its policies to comply with the Jail Access, Advance Notification, and Certification conditions;
(2) accepting the grant award knowing that the City may be later deemed out of compliance with the three conditions, thereby subjecting itself to debarment, administrating sanctions, and funding denials; or
(3) forfeiting $1.6 million in funding. The first option would cause irreparable harm in light of this Court’s finding that the conditions are likely unconstitutional, because changing the City’s policies to conform to the Attorney General’s conditions would constitute a form of Constitutional harm. See Council of Alternative Political Parties v. Hooks, 121 F.3d 876, 883 (3d Cir. 1997) (“Having concluded that requiring plaintiffs to file their petitions by April 10 likely violates their constitutional rights, it clearly follows that denying them preliminary injunctive relief will cause them to be irreparably injured.”); accord County of Santa Clara v. Trump, No. 17-v-00485, 2017 WL 1459081, at *27
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(N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017) (plaintiff established a “constitutional injury” and irreparable harm “by being forced to comply with an unconstitutional law or else face financial injury”); See also City of El Cenizo v. State, 17-cv-404, 2017 WL 3763098 (W.D. Tex. Aug. 30, 2017).
The City has also demonstrated that the first option would lead to irreparable reputational harm.
The second option would cause irreparable harm for the same reason. For example, this Court may eventually find at the merits stage that the Certification Condition is unconstitutional under the Spending Clause, and that the other two conditions were imposed outside the Attorney General’s statutory authority. In this example, during the period between this opinion and the final decision of this case on the merits, the City would likely have been denied the funds or later found out of compliance with the conditions at issue. This risk of injury for non-compliance is not speculative: the DOJ’s letter to Philadelphia on October 15, 2017 clearly stated that the DOJ considers the City to be out of compliance with Section 1373. A finding of non-compliance from DOJ could cause debarment and sanctions, clear forms of irreparable injury.
The third option, i.e., foregoing receipt of the funds to which Philadelphia may be entitled, would cause irreparable harm. Philadelphia is faced with a “Hobson’s Choice” between, on the one hand, complying with a law it credibly believes is unconstitutional, and on the other hand, foregoing funds it plans to use for life-saving projects. In City of Chicago v. Sessions, the Court found that a similar “Hobson’s Choice” constituted irreparable harm, because it forced Chicago to decide between foregoing the “relatively modest Byrne” funds or submitting to a potentially unconstitutional law. 2017 WL 4081821, at *13 (citing Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 504 U.S. 374 (1992) (finding injunctive relief available where “respondents were faced with a Hobson’s Choice” between acquiescing to a law they credibly believed to be unconstitutional and
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 129 of 132 violating the law under pain of liability). The Attorney General cannot argue against the imposition of a preliminary injunction by virtue of the fact that the City has the third option. The choice itself demonstrates irreparable harm.
Moreover, the City has also demonstrated that irreparable harm would result if it is forced to decline the Byrne funds. In United Steelworkers of America, AFL-CIO v. Fort Pitt Steel Casting, the Third Circuit found the plaintiff demonstrated irreparable harm 598 F.2d 1273 (1979)
The City’s criminal justice agencies have a fixed quantity of resources, most of which must be dedicated to personnel costs. With the Byrne funds, the City aspired to expand its police officers’ capacity to deliver naloxone to civilians who overdose as a result of opioid abuse which President Trump and many members of Congress, have described as a major public health crisis. Even if this Court were to later require the Attorney General to repay the improperly withheld $1.6 million, the City has demonstrated a high risk of irreparable harm during the intervening months, in the form of loss of human life.
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XVI. Balance of Equities and the Public Interest The last two factors in the preliminary injunction analysis are whether “the balance of the
equities tips in [the City’s] favor, and [whether] an injunction is in the public interest.” Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, 555 U.S. at 20. Where the Government is a party, the last two factors in the preliminary injunction analysis merge. Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 435 (2009).
The City’s submissions—and those of the amici curiae—present anecdotes and statistics to emphasize the importance of the City’s confidentiality policies with respect to immigration status information. Moreover, the City presented several detailed declarations as well as witnesses at an evidentiary hearing expounding upon the importance of the funds that the City could utilize if the conditions were not applied to the JAG Program funds. The DOJ, in contrast, declined to present any witnesses at the evidentiary hearing and presented only two declarations, neither of which contains any detailed discussion of the potential effect on Federal immigration enforcement should the Challenged Conditions be preliminarily enjoined.
This Court finds that the public interest is better served if the City is not forced to choose between foregoing the JAG Grant funds and losing hard-fought goodwill amongst the immigrant community. Moreover, enjoining the imposition of the Challenged Conditions with respect to Philadelphia would only cause the DOJ—at most—a minor hardship: paying funds that Congress had appropriated for disbursement consistent with the purposes of the Byrne JAG Program. The third and fourth factors of the preliminary injunction standard are unquestionably in favor of Philadelphia.
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XVII. CONCLUSION The judicial function in resolving disputes should maximize harmonization, and minimize
conflict, as much as the facts allow. Settlement of disputes is, of course, an important judicial function, reflected in the fact that 99% of civil cases in the United States are resolved before trial – some by motion practice, but most by amicable agreements. When, as in this case, a settlement is not feasible, and in particular, government entities are at odds, seeking a resolution which serves the public interest is paramount – and looking to preserve common interest is important.
Both the federal government and the City of Philadelphia have important interests at stake here and the Court does not minimize either of their concerns. The extended discussion of the “intersection” between criminal law and immigration law shows that the approaches of DOJ and the City have significant congruence, but also, departures – and each serves different functions. Immigration law is, of course, exclusively a federal concern; but criminal laws are federal, state, and local. Each sovereign has significant interests in enforcement, but cities, such as Philadelphia, have concerns and issues that operate outside of both immigration law and criminal law.
There is nothing inherently wrong or unusual with imposing conditions on the receipt of benefits. The operatic hero Orfeo was allowed to escape Hades with his deceased and beloved Eurydice, conditioned on his not looking at her, but when he does, she dies; Mephistopheles grants Faust eternal knowledge and pleasure on the condition that Faust surrender his soul; and Salome, the title character demands the head of St. John the Baptist as a condition to dance for King Herod. However, in real life, the Courts, in interpreting the Constitution, and Congress in enacting laws, as detailed at some length in this Memorandum, have interposed restrictions on the Executive’s ability to impose conditions on the transfer of benefits to local governments.
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Federalism is not an island floating in some distant ocean; there are many bridges, connecting federal, state and local governments. Some of these “bridges” are paved with money, some with conditions, and some with both. The Byrne JAG grants are one of the latter. Principles of federalism allow a city to deal with local issues as it sees best. The supremacy clause of the Constitution gives the federal government the final say – if, as, and when there is a conflict. In this case, given Philadelphia’s unique approach to meshing the legitimate needs of the federal government to remove criminal aliens with the City’s promotion of health and safety, there is no conflict of any significance. For all these reasons, the Court finds Philadelphia can properly certify, as required by Section 1373, its substantial compliance with Byrne JAG conditions, and the Attorney General will be enjoined from denying the City’s Byrne JAG grant for FY 2017.
An appropriate Order follows.30
O:\CIVIL 17\17-3894 City v Sessions\17cv3894 Memorandum re Motion for Prelim Inj.docx
30 The Order is entered with recognition that the City of Chicago injunction is presently in effect as to two of the Challenged Conditions. If this legal status changes, Plaintiff may apply for further relief.
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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 102-1 Filed 02/02/18 Page 1 of 40

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff, v.
JEFF SESSIONS, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF MOTION TO DISMISS

DATED: February 2, 2018

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN Acting United States Attorney
JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director
ARJUN GARG Trial Attorney U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530 Phone: (202) 305-8613 Fax: (202) 616-8470 E-Mail: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov
Counsel for Defendant

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 2
A. The Immigration and Nationality Act .........................................................................2 B. The Office of Justice Programs and the Byrne JAG Program.....................................4 C. Conditions on Byrne JAG Awards ..............................................................................5 D. Additional Conditions for FY 2017 Byrne JAG Awards ............................................7 E. The City’s Amended Complaint..................................................................................8 LEGAL STANDARD..................................................................................................................... 8 ARGUMENT.................................................................................................................................. 9 I. The City Does Not Challenge Final Agency Action That Is Judicially Reviewable....................................................................................................................... 9 II. The City’s Ultra Vires and Separation of Powers Claims Fail Because the Challenged Conditions Are Authorized by Statute........................................................ 10 III. The Challenged Conditions Are Not Arbitrary or Capricious. ...................................... 15 IV. The Challenged Conditions Are Consistent with the Spending Clause......................... 18 V. The Challenged Conditions Do Not Commandeer the City. ......................................... 24 VI. The Court Should Decline the City’s Request for a Declaration That the City Complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. ............................................................................ 26 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................. 31
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

CASES

PAGE(S)

A.W. v. Jersey City Pub. Sch., 341 F.3d 234 (3d Cir. 2003) ...................................................................................................... 18

Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136 (1967) .................................................................................................................. 26

Allen v. DeBello, 861 F.3d 433 (3d Cir. 2017) ...................................................................................................... 28

Ameron, Inc. v. U.S. Army Corps of Eng’rs, 809 F.2d 979 (3d Cir. 1986) ...................................................................................................... 11

Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012) ........................................................................................................... passim

Ballentine v. United States, 486 F.3d 806 (3d Cir. 2007) ........................................................................................................ 8

Barbour v. Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth., 374 F.3d 1161 (D.C. Cir. 2004) ................................................................................................ 18

Bennett Enters., Inc. v. Domino’s Pizza, Inc., 45 F.3d 493 (D.C. Cir. 1995) .................................................................................................... 14

Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154 (1997) .................................................................................................................... 9

Benning v. Georgia, 391 F.3d 1299 (11th Cir. 2004)................................................................................................. 23

Charles v. Verhagen, 348 F.3d 601 (7th Cir. 2003)..................................................................................................... 23

City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999) ........................................................................................................ 25

Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417 (1998) .................................................................................................................. 11

Dean v. United States, 556 U.S. 568 (2009) .................................................................................................................. 29

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Del. Riverkeeper v. Simpson, 2008 WL 755947 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 17, 2008) .............................................................................. 10
Dep’t of Treasury v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 494 U.S. 922 (1990) .................................................................................................................. 14
Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980) .................................................................................................................. 22
DKT Mem’l Fund Ltd. v. AID, 887 F.2d 275 (D.C. Cir. 1989) .................................................................................................. 11
Duvall v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 436 F.3d 382 (3d Cir. 2006) ...................................................................................................... 19
FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502 (2009) ...................................................................................................... 15, 16, 17
Freilich v. Bd. of Directors of Upper Chesapeake Health, Inc., 142 F. Supp. 2d 679 (D. Md. 2001) .......................................................................................... 25
Freilich v. Upper Chesapeake Health, Inc., 313 F.3d 205 (4th Cir. 2002)..................................................................................................... 26
FTC v. Standard Oil Co. of Cal., 449 U.S. 232 (1980) .............................................................................................................. 9, 10
Geisinger Cmty. Med. Ctr. v. Sec’y U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 794 F.3d 383 (3d Cir. 2015) ...................................................................................................... 22
Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452 (1991) .................................................................................................................. 25
Harris Cty. Tex. v. MERSCORP Inc., 791 F.3d 545 (5th Cir. 2015)..................................................................................................... 28
Jones v. Hobbs, 745 F. Supp. 2d 886 (E.D. Ark. 2010) ...................................................................................... 28
Knick v. Twp. of Scott, 862 F.3d 310 (3d Cir. 2017) ...................................................................................................... 25
Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161 (3d Cir. 2002) ...................................................................................................... 18
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LeBoon v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., 673 F. App’x 173 (3d Cir. 2016)............................................................................................. 8, 9
Levy-Tatum v. Navient Sols., Inc., 183 F. Supp. 3d 701 (E.D. Pa. 2016) ........................................................................................ 28
Mayweathers v. Newland, 314 F.3d 1062 (9th Cir. 2002)................................................................................................... 18
Naik v. Dir. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Servs. Vt., 575 F. App’x 88 (3d Cir. 2014)............................................................................................. 9, 10
Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012) .................................................................................................................. 24
New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992) .................................................................................................................. 18
Norton v. S. Utah Wilderness, All., 542 U.S. 55 (2004) .................................................................................................................... 10
Ocean Cty. Landfill Corp. v. U.S. E.P.A., Region II, 631 F.3d 652 (3d Cir. 2011) ........................................................................................................ 9
Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010) .................................................................................................................. 19
Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997) .................................................................................................................. 25
Rattlesnake Coal. v. EPA, 509 F.3d 1095 (9th Cir. 2007)................................................................................................... 10
Real Alternatives, Inc. v. Sec’y Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 867 F.3d 338 (3d Cir. 2017) ...................................................................................................... 15
Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141 (2000) .................................................................................................................. 25
South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987) ................................................................................................ 18, 21, 23, 24
Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386 (1995) .................................................................................................................. 13
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Texas v. United States, 523 U.S. 296 (1998) ................................................................................................................. 27
U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs. v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 844 F.2d 1087 (4th Cir. 1988)................................................................................................... 14
United Sav. Ass’n v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., Ltd., 484 U.S. 365 (1988) .................................................................................................................. 30
United States v. Odneal, 565 F.2d 598 (9th Cir. 1977)..................................................................................................... 14
Wyatt, Virgin Islands, Inc. v. Gov’t of the Virgin Islands, 385 F.3d 801 (3d Cir. 2004) ...................................................................................................... 26
STATUTES 5 U.S.C. § 702................................................................................................................................. 9 5 U.S.C. § 704................................................................................................................................. 9 8 U.S.C. § 1101............................................................................................................................... 2 8 U.S.C. § 1226................................................................................................................. 17, 20, 30 8 U.S.C. § 1227................................................................................................................... 3, 17, 19 8 U.S.C. § 1228............................................................................................................................... 3 8 U.S.C. § 1231......................................................................................................................... 4, 20 8 U.S.C. § 1252c ....................................................................................................................... 3, 20 8 U.S.C. § 1324......................................................................................................................... 3, 20 8 U.S.C. § 1357............................................................................................................. 3, 17, 19, 29 8 U.S.C. § 1373...................................................................................................................... passim 18 U.S.C. § 1913........................................................................................................................... 23 28 U.S.C. § 530C .......................................................................................................................... 11 31 U.S.C. § 1352........................................................................................................................... 23 34 U.S.C. § 10101..................................................................................................................... 4, 11
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34 U.S.C. § 10102.................................................................................................................. passim 34 U.S.C. § 10110......................................................................................................................... 11 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-58 ................................................................................................................... 4 34 U.S.C. § 10152................................................................................................................. 4, 5, 19 34 U.S.C. § 10153.................................................................................................................. passim 34 U.S.C. § 10154................................................................................................................. 5, 9, 27 34 U.S.C. § 10156........................................................................................................................... 5 34 U.S.C. § 10202........................................................................................................................... 6 34 U.S.C. § 10251..................................................................................................................... 4, 19 34 U.S.C. § 10444......................................................................................................................... 12 41 U.S.C. § 4712........................................................................................................................... 23 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017,
Pub. L. No. 115-31, 131 Stat. 135............................................................................................... 5 Joint Resolution Making Continuing Appropriations for FY 1985,
Pub. L. No. 98-473, 98 Stat. 1837 (1984) ................................................................................. 12 Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968,
Pub. L. No. 90-351, 82 Stat. 197................................................................................................. 4 Violence Against Women and DOJ Reauthorization Act of 2005,
Pub. L. No. 109-162, 119 Stat. 2960 (2006) ............................................................................. 12
RULES Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 ............................................................................................................................ 8
LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS H.R. Rep. No. 104-469 (1996)...................................................................................................... 30 H.R. Rep. No. 109-233 (2005)...................................................................................................... 12
vi

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 102-1 Filed 02/02/18 Page 8 of 40 OTHER AUTHORITIES 4 Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law (2d ed.) ................................................................................. 31 5 Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law (2d ed.) ................................................................................. 31 5A Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law (2d ed.)............................................................................... 31 5B Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law (2d ed.)............................................................................... 31 28 C.F.R. pt. 18 ............................................................................................................................. 27 37 Pa. Code § 95.222 .................................................................................................................... 29 Federal Support for Local Law Enforcement Equipment Acquisition,
Exec. Order No. 13,688, 80 Fed. Reg. 3451 (Jan. 16, 2015) ...................................................... 6
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INTRODUCTION The City of Philadelphia has adopted local policies of non-cooperation that frustrate information-sharing between the City and the federal government regarding the City’s inmate population. In this suit, the City now seeks moreover to block the U.S. Department of Justice even from promoting information-sharing as a condition of participation in a federally-funded law enforcement grant program administered by the Department. The Department notified applicants that Fiscal Year (“FY”) 2017 awards under the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program (“Byrne JAG Program”) will include three conditions requiring modest cooperation with federal law enforcement prerogatives in the immigration setting. Those conditions will require grantees to (1) have a policy of providing the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) with advance notice of the scheduled release date of certain individuals held in state or local correctional facilities (the “notice condition”); (2) have a policy permitting federal agents to access state or local correctional facilities for certain immigration enforcement purposes (the “access condition”); and (3) comply with a federal statute, 8 U.S.C. § 1373, that prohibits state and local government and law enforcement entities or officials from restricting certain communications with DHS (the “compliance condition”). See, e.g., Byrne JAG Program Grant Award for County of Greenville, SC (“2017 Greenville Award”) (Dkt. No. 21-6) ¶¶ 53, 55, 56 (cited in Am. Compl. ¶ 6 n.2). The call for intergovernmental law enforcement cooperation embodied in these three conditions follows from recognition that “[c]onsultation between federal and state officials is an important feature of the immigration system.” Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 411 (2012). And the conditions are consonant with the Byrne JAG Program’s purposes of ensuring that grantees “report such data . . . and information (programmatic and financial) as the Attorney General may reasonably require” and undertake “appropriate coordination with affected agencies.”
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34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(4), (5). The City’s suit nevertheless attacks the prospective imposition of these conditions, and seeks a declaration that the City complies with Section 1373.
The Amended Complaint warrants dismissal in its entirety. The City’s claims fail on the threshold ground that they prematurely seek to preempt the Department’s administrative processes. On their merits, the City’s claims fail because they contravene clear statutory language authorizing the Department to condition Byrne JAG funding; ignore the close relationship between the grant conditions, federal law enforcement prerogatives, and the purposes of the Byrne JAG Program; and otherwise suffer from various legal defects. At bottom, the City cannot sustain its counterintuitive theory that Byrne JAG applicants can insist on their entitlement to a federal law enforcement grant even as they refuse to provide basic cooperation in immigration enforcement, which the Department has identified as a federal priority and which plainly intersects with criminal justice under the framework of the Immigration and Nationality Act. For all of these reasons, and as further explained below, dismissal is appropriate.
BACKGROUND A. The Immigration and Nationality Act Enforcement of the immigration laws, including and especially the investigation and apprehension of criminal aliens, is quintessentially a law enforcement function. Through the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), 8 U.S.C. § 1101 et seq., Congress granted the Executive Branch significant authority to control the entry, movement, and other conduct of foreign nationals in the United States. These responsibilities are assigned to law enforcement agencies, as the INA authorizes the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, and other Executive Branch agencies to administer and enforce the immigration laws. The INA permits the Executive Branch to exercise considerable discretion to direct enforcement pursuant to federal policy objectives. See Arizona, 567 U.S. at 396.
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The INA includes several provisions that protect the ability of federal officials to investigate the status of non-citizens in the United States and otherwise enforce the immigration laws. For example, the statute provides that a federal immigration officer “shall have power without warrant . . . to interrogate any alien or person believed to be an alien as to his right to be or to remain in the United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1357(a)(1). Separately, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1373, “a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.” Id. § 1373(a).1 The INA provides that certain classes of non-citizens, including certain criminal aliens, shall be removed from the United States upon the order of the Attorney General or the Secretary of Homeland Security. See, e.g., id. §§ 1227(a), 1228.
The INA also establishes immigration enforcement as a cooperative endeavor among federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. See, e.g., id. § 1357(g) (providing that DHS may enter into formal cooperative agreements with states and localities under which appropriately trained and qualified state and local officers may perform specified functions of a federal immigration officer in relation to the investigation, apprehension, or detention of aliens); id. § 1324(c) (authorizing state and local law enforcement officers to make arrests for violations of the INA’s prohibition against smuggling, transporting, or harboring aliens); id. § 1252c (authorizing state and local officers to arrest certain felons who have unlawfully returned to the United States);

1

Additionally, 8 U.S.C. § 1373(b) provides that “[n]otwithstanding any other provision of

Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal,

State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information

regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual: (1) Sending such

information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and

Naturalization Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with

any other Federal, State, or local government entity.”

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id. § 1231(i) (establishing State Criminal Alien Assistance Program, under which the federal government compensates states and localities for their incarceration of certain criminal aliens).
B. The Office of Justice Programs and the Byrne JAG Program Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended, established the Office of Justice Programs (“OJP”) within the Department of Justice, and provides for OJP to be headed by an Assistant Attorney General (“AAG”). See Pub. L. No. 90-351, 82 Stat. 197 (codified as amended at 34 U.S.C. § 10101 et seq.). Congress provided the AAG certain “[s]pecific, general and delegated powers,” including the power to “publish and disseminate information on the conditions and progress of the criminal justice systems” and “maintain liaison with the executive and judicial branches of the Federal and State governments in matters relating to criminal justice.” Id. § 10102(a)(1), (2). Notably, the AAG shall also “exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in [him] pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.” Id. § 10102(a)(6) (emphasis added). The same title of the Omnibus Crime Control Act also established the Byrne JAG Program. See generally 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-58. Under this program, OJP is authorized to “make grants to States and units of local government . . . to provide additional personnel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, training, technical assistance, and information systems for criminal justice, including for any one or more of [certain enumerated] programs. Id. § 10152(a)(1). In the same chapter, the Omnibus Crime Control Act defines “criminal justice” broadly to include various activities of police, courts, correctional authorities, and “related agencies.” Id. § 10251(a)(1). To request funds under the Byrne JAG Program, applicants must “submit an application to the Attorney General . . . in such form as the Attorney General may require.” Id. § 10153(a). Congress provided that these applications must include, among other things, an “assurance that,
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for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant shall maintain and report such data, records, and information (programmatic and financial) as the Attorney General may reasonably require”; “[a] certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General, . . . that . . . there has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies;” and “[a] certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General, . . . that . . . the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 10153(a)(4), (5) (emphasis added). Before issuing a final disapproval of an application under the Byrne JAG Program, the Attorney General must “first afford[] the applicant reasonable notice of any deficiencies in the application and opportunity for correction and reconsideration.” Id. § 10154.
The Byrne JAG Program is a formula grant that, when awarded, must follow a statutory formula based on population, the rate of violent crime, and other factors. Id. §§ 10152(a)(1), 10156. Funding under the Byrne JAG Program is subject to annual appropriations. For FY 2017, Congress appropriated $396,000,000 for the Byrne JAG Program, with certain carve-outs from that amount obligated to specific initiatives. See Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, Pub. L. No. 115-31, Div. B, Title II, 131 Stat. 135, 203.
C. Conditions on Byrne JAG Awards OJP has historically included a variety of conditions in Byrne JAG award documents. For example, OJP has imposed a condition that requires complying with certain guidelines and recommendations enumerated by the Department to “promote information sharing and enable interoperability among disparate systems across the justice and public safety community.” Byrne JAG Program Grant Award for City of Philadelphia, PA (“2016 Philadelphia Award”) (Dkt. No. 1-9) ¶ 26. Multiple conditions have also imposed training mandates: certain training must be completed for law enforcement task forces, see id. ¶ 32; a grantee must agree to participate, upon request, in various training events, technical assistance events, or conferences, see id. ¶ 33; and
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quarterly data must be submitted regarding certain kinds of training that law enforcement officers have received, see id. ¶ 43. Other special conditions historically imposed on Byrne JAG awards have been inspired by Executive Branch prerogatives, and in some instances resulted in subsequent congressional codification. One such condition, which prohibits use of Byrne JAG funds to purchase military-style equipment, relates in part to an Executive Order issued by President Obama in 2015. See id. ¶ 49; Exec. Order No. 13,688, 80 Fed. Reg. 3451 (Jan. 16, 2015). Since 2012, other conditions have required that recipients (a) comply with specific national standards when purchasing body armor, and (b) institute a “mandatory wear” policy for any purchased armor. See 2016 Philadelphia Award ¶¶ 38-39. While those conditions have now been codified by Congress, see 34 U.S.C. §§ 10202(c)(1)(B), (C), they originated as exercises of the authority to impose special conditions. And the Assistant Attorney General has imposed an “American-made” requirement for body armor purchases, something Congress did not choose to codify last year. See 2016 Philadelphia Award ¶ 38. The conditions attached to Byrne JAG awards have varied over time, depending on national law enforcement necessities and Department of Justice priorities.
In FY 2016, OJP included for the first time an explicit recognition that Section 1373 was an applicable federal law under the Byrne JAG Program. Id. ¶ 53. That recognition followed a memorandum issued by the Department’s Inspector General on May 31, 2016, expressing concern that several state and local governments receiving federal grants may not be complying with Section 1373. See Mem. from Michael E. Horowitz, Inspector Gen., to Karol V. Mason, Assistant Att’y Gen., Office of Justice Programs, Department of Justice Referral of Allegations of Potential Violations of 8 U.S.C. § 1373 by Grant Recipients (“OIG Report”) (Dkt. No. 1-10).
OJP is in the midst of a review as to a number of jurisdictions for compliance with Section 1373. Most recently, OJP issued document requests to various Byrne JAG grantees. See DOJ
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Press Release No. 18-81.2 (OJP did not send such a request to the City of Philadelphia because of this Court’s injunction.) OJP has not at this time made a final determination that any jurisdiction does not comply with Section 1373.
D. Additional Conditions for FY 2017 Byrne JAG Awards For the current Byrne JAG grant cycle, FY 2017, OJP notified applicants that awards under the Program will include three conditions requiring modest cooperation with federal law enforcement prerogatives in the immigration setting. Those conditions will require grantees to (1) have a policy of providing DHS with advance notice of the scheduled release date of certain individuals held in state or local correctional facilities (the “notice condition”); (2) have a policy permitting federal agents to access state or local correctional facilities for certain immigration enforcement purposes (the “access condition”); and (3) comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, which, as noted above, prohibits state and local government and law enforcement entities or officials from restricting certain communications with DHS (the “compliance condition”). See 2017 Greenville Award ¶¶ 53, 55, 56. Under the “Rules of Construction” within those grant conditions, it is made clear that nothing in the notice or access conditions requires a grantee to detain “any individual in custody beyond the date and time the individual would have been released in the absence of this condition.” See id. ¶¶ 55, 56. It is also made clear that these conditions impose no requirements in relation to any requests by federal immigration authorities to detain aliens, and that the notice condition requires “only as much advance notice as practicable” before the release of an alien. Id. Finally, the conditions apply only to the “program or activity” to be funded under the award, and they allow awarded funds to be used for costs incurred in implementing the conditions. See id.

2

Available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-demands-documents-and-

threatens-subpoena-23-jurisdictions-part-8-usc-1373.

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E. The City’s Amended Complaint The City brings six causes of action and seeks relief running only to the City itself rather

than to Byrne JAG applicants generally. Counts I through V challenge the legality of imposing

the notice, access, and compliance conditions. Count I alleges that imposition of the conditions is

ultra vires conduct not authorized by statute. See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 113-21. Count II asserts that the conditions violate the Constitution’s separation of powers. See id. ¶¶ 122-31. Count III avers that the conditions are arbitrary and capricious. See id. ¶¶ 132-35. Count IV claims that the conditions

violate the Spending Clause. See id. ¶¶ 136-43. Count V contends that the conditions commandeer

the City in violation of the Tenth Amendment. See id. ¶¶ 144-50. On each of Counts I through V, the City seeks declaratory and injunctive relief from the three challenged conditions and a writ of mandamus compelling issuance of an FY 2017 Byrne JAG award to the City.3 In Count VI, the

City seeks a declaration that the City complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. See id. ¶¶ 151-57.

LEGAL STANDARD “Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) provides that a party may bring a motion to

dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.” Ballentine v. United States, 486 F.3d 806, 810 (3d Cir. 2007) (citation omitted). “A Rule 12(b)(6) motion tests the sufficiency of the factual

allegations contained in the complaint.” LeBoon v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., 673 F. App’x 173, 176

(3d Cir. 2016) (citation omitted).

“When ruling on a defendant’s motion to dismiss, the Court may consider a document

explicitly relied upon in the complaint without converting the motion to dismiss to a summary

judgment motion.” Id. (citation omitted). “A Court may also consider an undisputedly authentic

3

Because the City has pled its mandamus theory only as a possible aspect of relief if its

claims succeed, rather than as an independent cause of action, this motion to dismiss does not

directly address the flaws of that theory. To be clear, Defendant disputes that such mandamus

relief would be proper, but will reserve argument on that issue for an appropriate time when the

issue may come before the Court.

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document that a defendant attaches as an exhibit to a motion to dismiss if the plaintiff’s claims are based on the document.” Id. (citation omitted).
ARGUMENT I. The City Does Not Challenge Final Agency Action That Is Judicially Reviewable.
Inasmuch as the City’s claims arise under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), they are subject to the limit that “[t]he APA provides for judicial review of ‘final agency action.’” Naik v. Dir. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Servs. Vt., 575 F. App’x 88, 92 (3d Cir. 2014) (citing 5 U.S.C. §§ 702, 704). To qualify as final agency action, “the action must mark the ‘consummation’ of the agency’s decisionmaking process” and also “must be one by which ‘rights or obligations have been determined,’ or from which ‘legal consequences will flow.’” Ocean Cty. Landfill Corp. v. U.S. E.P.A., Region II, 631 F.3d 652, 655 (3d Cir. 2011) (quoting Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154, 177-78 (1997)).
The Amended Complaint does not identify a final agency action that allows APA review. At this time the Department has not yet acted on the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application and imposed any condition on an FY 2017 award to the City. And by statute there is an administrative review-and-reconsideration process to be followed before “finally disapprov[ing]” the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application, until which time there is no final agency action on the City’s application. 34 U.S.C. § 10154. That process was initiated when the Department in October 2017 sent a “preliminary assessment” letter to the City questioning the City’s compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 and inviting the City’s response before the Department takes a decision on the issue. See Dkt. No. 28-1, Ex. A (cited in Am. Compl. ¶ 91 n.35). But the “issuance of” that preliminary assessment—which is “not a definitive ruling”—had no “legal or practical effect, except to impose upon [the City] the burden of responding to the charges made against it.” FTC v. Standard Oil Co. of Cal., 449 U.S. 232, 242-43 (1980) (finding no final agency action).
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Accordingly, no final agency action has been taken against the City. See Rattlesnake Coal. v. EPA, 509 F.3d 1095, 1104 (9th Cir. 2007) (no “final agency action until [agency] completes its review of the grant application and decides [whether] to disburse the appropriated funds”). As concerns the City’s challenge to the conditions, there has been no consummation of the Department’s decisionmaking process, no determination of rights or obligations, and no legal consequence that flows. Cf. Naik, 575 F. App’x at 92 (finding no final agency action where agency “has yet to respond to or act upon” submission and has “not taken any action to officially deny” petition).
It is for good reason that “[w]ithout a final agency action,” the City’s “claims are not ripe for adjudication.” Del. Riverkeeper v. Simpson, 2008 WL 755947, at *5 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 17, 2008). “The principal purpose of the APA[’s] limitations . . . is to protect agencies from undue judicial interference with their lawful discretion, and to avoid judicial entanglement in abstract policy disagreements which courts lack both expertise and information to resolve.” Norton v. S. Utah Wilderness All., 542 U.S. 55, 66 (2004). “[T]he effect of the judicial review sought by [the City] is likely to be interference with the proper functioning of the agency and a burden for the courts.” Standard Oil, 449 U.S. at 242 (finding no final agency action, and cautioning that APA review is not “a means of turning prosecutor into defendant before adjudication concludes”). APA claims challenging imposition of the three conditions falter on this threshold ground, apart from the failure of those claims on their merits. II. The City’s Ultra Vires and Separation of Powers Claims Fail Because the Challenged
Conditions Are Authorized by Statute. Counts I and II of the Amended Complaint respectively allege that the challenged conditions are ultra vires, see Am. Compl. ¶¶ 113-21, and violate the Constitution’s separation of powers, see id. ¶¶ 122-31. Both theories rest fundamentally on the City’s incorrect view that
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Congress has not authorized the Department to impose these three conditions. See id. ¶¶ 115-17, 128-29.
Congress of course may delegate to the Executive Branch the authority to attach conditions on funding. See, e.g., Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417, 488 (1998) (“Congress has frequently delegated the President the authority to spend, or not to spend, particular sums of money.”); Ameron, Inc. v. U.S. Army Corps of Eng’rs, 809 F.2d 979, 983 (3d Cir. 1986) (“Congress appropriates funds for a wide variety of purposes and delegates to executive branch officials the authority to make certain decisions regarding how those funds are to be spent.”); DKT Mem’l Fund Ltd. v. AID, 887 F.2d 275, 280-81 (D.C. Cir. 1989) (upholding statutory delegation to the Executive to impose terms and conditions on federal spending programs).
Relevant to the administration of the Byrne JAG Program, Congress authorized the Department to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants,” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants,” id., and to ensure that grantees “comply with . . . all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 10153(a)(5)(D). These capacious delegations of authority empower the Department to impose the challenged conditions to promote intergovernmental law enforcement cooperation, so that grantee policies do not impair federal policies.
A. The Attorney General has “final authority over all functions, including any grants” made by the Department’s Office of Justice Programs, which administers the Byrne JAG Program. Id. § 10110. Under the Attorney General’s authority, an Assistant Attorney General heads OJP. See id. § 10101; 28 U.S.C. § 530C(a)(4). In setting forth the duties and functions of the AAG, Congress stated that the AAG is to “exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula
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grants.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6). A plain reading of the statutory text indicates that the AAG’s power must include, at a minimum, the power to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants” administered by OJP. Id. The breadth of the AAG’s statutory power is reinforced by the AAG’s authority to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.” Id. Confirming the statute’s plain text, a report accompanying the enactment of this language stated that the provision “allows the Assistant Attorney General to place special conditions on all grants and to determi\ne priority purposes for formula grants.” H.R. Rep. No. 109-233, at 101 (2005).
Indeed, the particular statutory language at issue here—the authority for “placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants”—was added as part of the very same legislation that created the Byrne JAG Program. See Violence Against Women and DOJ Reauthorization Act of 2005, Pub. L. No. 109-162, § 1152(b), 119 Stat. 2960, 3113 (2006) (adding language to subsection (a)(6)); id. § 1111 (creating Byrne JAG Program). Prior to that 2006 enactment, the provision stated only that the AAG for OJP “exercise[s] such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this title or by delegation of the Attorney General.” Joint Resolution Making Continuing Appropriations for FY 1985, Pub. L. No. 98-473, § 603, 98 Stat. 1837, 2078 (1984). The organic statute enacted in 2002 for the head of a separate Department grant-making component, by comparison, continues to contain substantially the same, more limited language as Section 10102 earlier used to contain, without the additional “special conditions” and “priority purposes” powers that Congress elected to bestow with respect to OJP. See 34 U.S.C. § 10444(7) (providing only that Director of Violence Against Women Office “[e]xercis[es] such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Director pursuant to this subchapter or by delegation of the Attorney General”). This context confirms that Congress did intend the “special conditions” and “priority purposes” language to confer distinctive and meaningful power. “When Congress acts to amend a statute, [courts]
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presume it intends its amendment to have real and substantial effect.” Stone v. INS, 514 U.S. 386, 397 (1995).
The challenged conditions come comfortably within the fonts of delegated power in Section 10102(a)(6). Pursuant to this authority, the AAG may prioritize formula grants, like the Byrne JAG Program, for jurisdictions that cooperate with federal authorities in achieving federal law enforcement priorities, including removal of criminal aliens under immigration law.
B. Independent of the authority conferred in Section 10102(a)(6), a separate source of authority further supports the compliance condition. Underscoring the Byrne JAG Program’s emphasis on intergovernmental cooperation so that grantee policies do not impair federal policies, the Department has statutory authority to ensure that Byrne JAG grantees “comply with . . . all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Section 1373 is, of course, a federal law. According to the City, however, Section 1373 is not an “applicable” federal law. See Am. Compl. ¶ 103. The Amended Complaint does not clearly articulate what are “applicable Federal laws,” but the City appears to suggest that the phrase “applicable Federal laws” refers only to laws that “relate to the administration and expenditure of the grant itself” or are “expressly made applicable to federal grantees.” Id. ¶ 71.4
The City’s straightjacketed interpretation of this statutory text is inconsistent with a plain reading of the statute. The relevant statutory language provides that a Byrne JAG applicant “shall

4

In adjudicating the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction earlier in this case, the Court

did not decide whether 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) authorizes the Section 1373 compliance

condition, but opined only that “the question is a ‘close call.’” Dkt. No. 74 at 58. Defendant

respectfully submits that it is important that the Court decide this issue in resolving this motion to

dismiss. Defendant seeks a ruling recognizing that the condition is authorized by statute. On the

other hand, if the condition is not authorized by statute, there is no need for this litigation to reach

the City’s claim that the City complies with Section 1373, and there should be no further

proceedings on that claim until such a time as the Department prevails on its view that the condition

is authorized by statute.

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submit an application . . . in such form as the Attorney General may require,” to “include . . . [a] certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General . . . that . . . the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a). Congress’s decision to empower the Attorney General to determine the form of Byrne JAG applications renders the most natural reading of this provision as a delegation to the Attorney General to determine whether a particular federal law constitutes an “applicable Federal law[].” Id. If Congress had intended to limit the term “applicable Federal laws” as referencing only statutes of the kind that the City suggests, it could have done so expressly. Instead, under this power, the Department may condition Byrne JAG grants if it gives notice, as it provided here for Section 1373, that it has determined that a federal law is “applicable.”
Rather than the City’s narrow construction, courts have broadly interpreted the term “applicable laws.” See, e.g., Dep’t of Treasury v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 494 U.S. 922, 930 (1990) (interpreting statutory term “applicable laws” as “laws outside the Act” (emphasis omitted)); see also Bennett Enters., Inc. v. Domino’s Pizza, Inc., 45 F.3d 493, 497 (D.C. Cir. 1995) (noting that “all applicable laws” is “not reasonably or fairly susceptible to an interpretation that does not encompass compliance with state and federal tax laws”); U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs. v. Fed. Labor Relations Auth., 844 F.2d 1087, 1094-95 (4th Cir. 1988) (finding statutory requirement that Executive Branch managers follow “applicable laws” to exclude federal agency circulars but to reach laws made by Congress); United States v. Odneal, 565 F.2d 598, 600 (9th Cir. 1977) (statutory reference to “all applicable federal laws” granted “very broad statutory authority”).
Instead of “applicable Federal laws” being cabined artificially to those laws that “relate to the administration and expenditure of the grant itself” or are “expressly made applicable to federal grantees,” Am. Compl. ¶ 71, a natural and coherent reading is that “applicable Federal laws” refers
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simply to the corpus of federal laws that actually do apply, independently, to Byrne JAG grantees. (8 U.S.C. § 1373 is, of course, one such law.) Here, it is important to bear in mind the context of the Byrne JAG Program, where all grantees are state and local jurisdictions rather than private individuals or entities. The limitation in Section 10153(a)(5)(D) to “applicable Federal laws” accordingly restricts the Department from requiring certification of compliance with, for example, federal tax laws that by their terms apply to private individuals rather than to the state and local jurisdictions that the Byrne JAG Program contemplates as grantees. It is entirely sensible for Congress to have used the word “applicable” in Section 10153(a)(5)(D) with this meaning tailored to the class of potential grantees, and there is nothing implausible about Congress expecting a recipient of federal funds to certify its compliance with a federal law where the recipient is— independent of receiving those federal funds—already obligated to comply with that federal law. III. The Challenged Conditions Are Not Arbitrary or Capricious.
Count III of the Amended Complaint claims that the challenged conditions are arbitrary or capricious in violation of the APA. See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 132-35. If the conditions are statutorily authorized and comport with the Spending Clause, however, it is unclear how “arbitrary or capricious” scrutiny could otherwise limit the Department’s broad discretion. In any event, “the standard for determining whether an APA violation exists under the arbitrary and capricious standard is substantially similar to rational basis review.” Real Alternatives, Inc. v. Sec’y Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 867 F.3d 338, 353 (3d Cir. 2017). The Supreme Court directs a “narrow standard of review” under which “a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the agency, and should uphold a decision of less than ideal clarity if the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned.” FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 513-14 (2009) (citation omitted). Where the action represents a shift in policy, the agency “need not demonstrate to a court’s satisfaction that the reasons for the new policy are better than the reasons for the old one; it suffices
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that the new policy is permissible under the statute, that there are good reasons for it, and that the agency believes it to be better.” Id. at 515.
Here, the City’s claim fails because “the agency’s reasons for” imposing the challenged conditions “were entirely rational.” Fox Television, 556 U.S. at 517. The imposition of the challenged conditions is understandable as a result of a May 2016 report by the Department’s Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) finding deteriorating local cooperation with “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States.” OIG Report at 1-2 n.1. The 2016 OIG Report advised that “the information we have learned to date during our recent work about the present matter differs significantly from what OIG personnel found nearly 10 years ago” in a 2007 audit when federal immigration authorities had back then “commented favorably to the OIG with respect to cooperation and information flow they received from the seven selected jurisdictions” that were examined. Id. The OIG Report focused on the City of Philadelphia, among other jurisdictions, in reaching its conclusions about the changed state of affairs in 2016. See id. at 3, 7, 8.
In the FY 2016 grant cycle, the Department under the prior Administration introduced a requirement to certify compliance with Section 1373. See 2016 Philadelphia Award ¶ 53 (special condition in Philadelphia’s FY 2016 Byrne JAG award); Dkt. No. 1-11 (July 7, 2016 Memorandum stating determination that Section 1373 is an applicable federal law for Byrne JAG Program).
For the FY 2017 cycle, the Department maintained the compliance condition and added the notice and access conditions, and publicly offered a sound explanation for all three conditions. The Department’s July 25, 2017 “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements” states that the conditions have a “goal of increasing information sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement” so that “federal immigration authorities have the information they need to enforce the law and keep
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our communities safe.” Dkt. No. 1-1. The Backgrounder notes that some jurisdictions have “refus[ed] to cooperate with federal immigration authorities in information sharing about illegal aliens who commit crimes,” and states that the conditions will “prevent the counterproductive use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement.” Id. The three conditions are “common-sense measures,” id., and “even in the absence of evidence, the agency’s predictive judgment (which merits deference) makes entire sense” as “an exercise in logic rather than clairvoyance.” Fox Television, 556 U.S. at 521.
Immigration enforcement undoubtedly relates to criminal justice. As further discussed below, see infra at 19-20, numerous federal statutes expressly tie these two subjects together— most centrally inasmuch as a conviction for any of a wide array of criminal offenses renders an alien removable from this country, see 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2), and thus no longer present here with the potential to re-offend. Accordingly, a July 25, 2017 press release by the Attorney General, accompanying the Backgrounder, stated opposition to policies that “protect illegal aliens who have committed crimes,” and an intent to encourage jurisdictions “to change their policies and partner with federal law enforcement to remove criminals.” DOJ Press Release No. 17-826 (cited in Am. Compl. ¶ 92 n.36).5
The conditions thus rationally promote interests in “maintain[ing] liaison” among tiers of government “in matters relating to criminal justice,” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(2), and comport with the intergovernmental cooperation that Congress contemplates in immigration enforcement. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. §§ 1226(d), 1357(g), 1373; Arizona, 567 U.S. at 411-12 (“Consultation between federal and state officials is an important feature of the immigration system” and Congress “has encouraged the sharing of information about possible immigration violations.” (citation omitted)).

5

Available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-sessions-announces-

immigration-compliance-requirements-edward-byrne-memorial.

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IV. The Challenged Conditions Are Consistent with the Spending Clause. Count IV of the Amended Complaint contends that the challenged conditions violate the
Spending Clause because allegedly they are not germane to the Byrne JAG Program, see Am. Compl. ¶¶ 138-39, are ambiguous, see id. ¶ 140, and “arguably require cities to infringe on individuals’ Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights,” see id. ¶ 141. These contentions are wrong.
A. In South Dakota v. Dole, the Supreme Court stated that “conditions on federal grants might be illegitimate if they are unrelated to the federal interest in particular national projects or programs.” 483 U.S. 203, 207 (1987) (citation omitted). Courts have generally found that the relatedness showing does not pose a difficult hurdle. The Supreme Court in Dole upheld conditioning receipt of federal highway funds on the only loosely-related requirement that a state adopt a minimum drinking age of twenty-one. See id. at 208. Only “some relationship” is necessary between spending conditions and “the purpose of the federal spending.” New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 167 (1992). The Ninth Circuit thus rejects “an exacting standard for relatedness,” Mayweathers v. Newland, 314 F.3d 1062, 1067 (9th Cir. 2002), and the D.C. Circuit observes that the Supreme Court has never “overturned Spending Clause legislation on relatedness grounds.” Barbour v. Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth., 374 F.3d 1161, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2004).
The Third Circuit has required only “a discernible relationship” between a condition and a federal interest in a program, Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002), rejecting the argument that a “condition must be specifically tailored to a particular federal interest” and further rejecting any requirement “to make specific findings of relatedness in the text of the statute itself.” A.W. v. Jersey City Pub. Sch., 341 F.3d 234, 241 (3d Cir. 2003) (citation omitted).
The grant conditions at issue here satisfy the relatedness requirement. The Byrne JAG Program’s organic statute specifies that Byrne JAG funds are designed to provide resources “for criminal justice,” to support programs including law enforcement, prosecution, crime prevention,
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and corrections. 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1). These goals are also reflected in the responsibilities of the AAG, which involve “maintain[ing] liaison” and disseminating information regarding “criminal justice.” Id. § 10102(a)(1), (2). As relates to these statutes, the term “criminal justice” is defined broadly to include various activities of the police, the courts, and “related agencies.” Id. § 10251(a)(1). Contrary to the City’s view that the Byrne JAG Program’s goal is to promote State and local flexibility, see Am. Compl. ¶ 58, the program’s overall goals are much broader: to support and strengthen law enforcement and criminal justice. And as the Department has stated, the challenged conditions emanate from the “top priority of reducing violent crime” and “longestablished cooperative principles among law enforcement agencies.” DOJ Press Release No. 17826 (cited in Am. Compl. ¶ 92 n.36).
Immigration enforcement, which the conditions promote, undoubtedly intersects with the Byrne JAG Program’s criminal justice purposes, at a minimum for the simple reason that a conviction for any of a wide array of criminal offenses renders an alien removable from this country. See 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2). Indeed, “[a] primary goal of several recent overhauls of the INA has been to ensure and expedite the removal of aliens convicted of serious crimes.” Duvall v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 436 F.3d 382, 391 (3d Cir. 2006) (citations omitted); see also Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356, 360 (2010) (observing that “deportation or removal is now virtually inevitable for a vast number of noncitizens convicted of crimes” (citation omitted)). Once removed, a criminal alien who has committed a removable offense—e.g., an aggravated felony, domestic violence, child abuse, or certain firearm offenses—is no longer present in this country with the potential to re-offend.
The INA also repeatedly contemplates cooperation among state and local officers and federal officials on immigration enforcement. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g) (authorizing formal cooperative agreements under which trained and qualified state and local officers may perform
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specified functions of a federal immigration officer in relation to the investigation, apprehension, or detention of aliens); Id. § 1324(c) (authorizing state and local officers to make arrests for violations of the INA’s prohibition against smuggling, transporting, or harboring aliens); Id. § 1252c (authorizing state and local officers to arrest certain felons who have unlawfully returned to the United States). Under authorities such as these, “state officers may perform the functions of an immigration officer.” Arizona, 567 U.S. at 408.
Furthermore, insofar as the INA contemplates the federal detention of certain aliens upon their release from state or local custody, see 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c), the conditions can be understood as seeking to ensure that a state or local grantee’s law enforcement activities will not impair the law enforcement activities of the federal government. Congress has mandated that certain aliens who have committed criminal offenses be taken into federal custody pending removal proceedings, but only “when the alien is released” from state custody. Id. § 1226(c)(1). With respect to incarcerated aliens subject to a final removal order, the INA establishes a “removal period” of 90 days that begins with the date of the alien’s release. Id. § 1231(a)(1)(B). It is crucial to this cooperative law enforcement framework that states and localities respond to requests for release date information, allow federal agents to have access to detainees in their custody, and avoid restricting communication with DHS of information regarding immigration status.
Given that the INA expressly contemplates local law enforcement activity with respect to immigration law enforcement, it is perfectly germane and appropriate for the Department to condition grant funding to promote this purpose. Even the City’s own Amended Complaint reflects that immigration enforcement bears some relationship to criminal justice, because the City connects its local immigration enforcement policies to the City’s crime rates. See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 3, 30. Accordingly, because there is some relationship between the conditions and the Byrne JAG Program’s goals, the conditions satisfy the constitutional relatedness requirement.
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B. Another limitation on the spending power is that when the federal government “desires to condition the States’ receipt of federal funds, it must do so unambiguously, enabling the States to exercise their choice knowingly, cognizant of the consequences of their participation.” Dole, 483 U.S. at 207 (citation omitted). The City claims that all three conditions “are woefully ambiguous, leaving cities like Philadelphia guessing as to how to comply.” Am. Compl. ¶ 106.
Underscoring that the City has brought this dispute to the Court prematurely, the City’s assertion of ambiguity in this litigation comes before the City has availed itself of administrative consultation that the Byrne JAG Program invites. The FY 2017 Byrne JAG solicitation invited any prospective grantee with a question about “any . . . requirement of this solicitation” to contact OJP’s Response Center (customer service center) by telephone, email, fax, or online chat. See Byrne JAG Program FY 2017 Local Solicitation (Dkt. No. 1-16) at 2. A prospective grantee could also contact the appropriate “State Policy Advisor”—that is, a specific, named OJP employee assigned to work with jurisdictions within a specified geographical area. Id. Beyond this invitation in the FY 2017 solicitation, in each of the challenged conditions that appears in the award document for a prospective grantee to consider accepting, the Department has invited submission of “[a]ny questions about the meaning or scope of this condition . . . before award acceptance.” 2017 Greenville Award ¶¶ 53, 55, 56.
Regarding the notice condition, the City complains that the phrase “scheduled release date” as used in the condition is not defined, and accordingly the City thinks it is unclear whether the condition will “apply only to those inmates in Philadelphia’s prisons who have been convicted of crimes and are serving sentences” rather than inmates “who are in a pre-trial, pre-sentence, or other temporary detention posture, many of whom may be ordered released with less than 48 hours’ notice.” Am. Compl. ¶ 95. Yet the condition is clear that a correctional facility must honor “a
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formal written request” “from DHS” “that seeks advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such facility,” by providing “the requested notice to DHS” “as early as practicable.” 2017 Greenville Award ¶ 56. The City is therefore obligated to provide notice of the scheduled release of any alien inmate identified by DHS, regardless of the duration or nature of the alien’s detention. And the condition specifically contemplates situations in which aliens may be released with less than 48 hours’ notice: if the City schedules a release with less than 48 hours’ notice, for example, “it shall not be a violation . . . to provide only as much advance notice as practicable.” Id. ¶ 55.
With respect to the access condition, the City complains that it is unclear “whether jurisdictions will be deemed compliant as long as they permit ICE personnel to access their facilities in order to meet with inmates who have in turn consented to such meetings.” Am. Compl. ¶ 96. But nothing in the text of the condition suggests such an exception turning on inmate consent; the condition requires access even if the inmate might decline to answer questions.
As to the compliance condition, the City remarkably complains of supposed unconstitutional ambiguity concerning the City’s obligations under a statute with which the City has been required to comply for over twenty years (entirely independent of any Byrne JAG award condition), and for which the City provided a certification of its compliance in the FY 2016 grant cycle. See City of Philadelphia Letter (Dkt No. 1-14). “Broad general language is not necessarily ambiguous when congressional objectives require broad terms.” Geisinger Cmty. Med. Ctr. v. Sec’y U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 794 F.3d 383, 393 (3d Cir. 2015) (quoting Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 315 (1980)). Moreover, the Department has now given the City guidance via a preliminary assessment of the City’s compliance with Section 1373. See Dkt. No. 28-1, Ex. A (cited in Am. Compl. ¶ 91 n.35).
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To the extent there is any uncertainty at the margins of what any of the three conditions requires, such a penumbra does not make a condition unconstitutionally ambiguous. Indeed, “the exact nature of the conditions may be largely indeterminate, provided that the existence of the conditions is clear, such that States have notice that compliance with the conditions is required.” Charles v. Verhagen, 348 F.3d 601, 607 (7th Cir. 2003) (citation omitted); see also Benning v. Georgia, 391 F.3d 1299, 1306 (11th Cir. 2004) (“Once Congress clearly signals its intent to attach federal conditions to Spending Clause legislation, it need not specifically identify and proscribe in advance every conceivable state action that would be improper.” (citation omitted)). By comparison, the City does not complain about other Byrne JAG conditions requiring compliance with restrictions on lobbying under 18 U.S.C. § 1913 and 31 U.S.C. § 1352, 2017 Greenville Award ¶ 19; compliance with “federal appropriations statutes” generally, id. ¶ 20; reporting of evidence of violations of the False Claims Act, id. ¶ 21; and compliance with prohibitions on reprisal under 41 U.S.C. § 4712, id. ¶ 23. All those statutes on which unchallenged conditions are predicated could have some zone of uncertainty at the margin. The conditions challenged here present no special problem of ambiguity that creates a constitutional infirmity. The City’s ambiguity theory thus fails.
C. The Spending Clause does not authorize conditions that “induce the States to engage in activities that would themselves be unconstitutional.” Dole, 483 U.S. at 210. The City suggests that the conditions “arguably require cities to infringe on individuals’ Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights.” Am. Compl. ¶ 141. How the City thinks the conditions call for any such infringement is unclear.
The plain text of the notice and access conditions makes clear that “[n]othing in th[ese] condition[s] shall be understood to authorize or require any recipient . . . to maintain (or detain)
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any individual in custody beyond the date and time the individual would have been released in the absence of this condition.” 2017 Greenville Award ¶¶ 55-56. The conditions also clarify that “[i]n the event that . . . the scheduled release date and time for an alien are such as not to permit the advance notice [of scheduled release] that DHS has requested, it shall not be a violation of this condition to provide only as much advance notice as practicable.” Id. These conditions explicitly contravene Fourth Amendment concerns, and the Constitution neither forbids DHS employees from accessing detention facilities nor forbids local government employees from providing DHS with certain detainee release information. The City’s theory thus lacks merit. V. The Challenged Conditions Do Not Commandeer the City.
The City alleges in Count V of the Amended Complaint that each of the challenged conditions would commandeer the City in violation of the Tenth Amendment. See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 144-50. But this case involves a grant that the City is free to accept or reject, not any federal mandate that directly regulates the City. The relevant question here is not whether the grant conditions, if they were federally-compelled obligations of the City, would infringe the Tenth Amendment. A “perceived Tenth Amendment limitation on congressional regulation of state affairs d[oes] not concomitantly limit the range of conditions legitimately placed on federal grants.” Dole, 483 U.S. at 210. Instead, the only pertinent constitutional question presented is whether the grant conditions are a valid exercise of the Spending Clause power. In that context, the federal government “may offer funds to the States, and may condition those offers on compliance with specified conditions. These offers may well induce the States to adopt policies that the Federal Government itself could not impose.” Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 537 (2012). Because the City may simply decline to participate in the Byrne JAG Program, the City’s commandeering claim has no purchase here.
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To any extent that the City could nevertheless proceed with a facial attack on Section 1373 as an independent statutory mandate, see Am. Compl. ¶ 147, the City bears “a higher substantive burden,” because, “[a]s the Supreme Court has repeatedly intoned, facial challenges are the most difficult to mount successfully because the challenger ‘must establish that no set of circumstances exist under which the statute would be valid.’” Knick v. Twp. of Scott, 862 F.3d 310, 321 (3d Cir. 2017) (citations omitted).
“The Government of the United States has broad, undoubted power over the subject of immigration and the status of aliens.” Arizona, 567 U.S. at 394 (citation omitted). “As long as it is acting within the powers granted it under the Constitution, Congress may impose its will on the States” and “may legislate in areas traditionally regulated by the States.” Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452, 460 (1991). And courts “begin with the time-honored presumption that [a statute] is a constitutional exercise of legislative power.” Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141, 148 (2000) (citation omitted).
The Second Circuit rejected a Tenth Amendment facial challenge to Section 1373 of the kind the City raises here. See City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29, 35 (2d Cir. 1999). The Tenth Amendment does not give states and localities “an untrammeled right to forbid all voluntary cooperation by state or local officials with particular federal programs,” particularly in the information sharing context. Id. at 34-35; see also Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 918 (1997) (contrasting federal statutes that “require only the provision of information to the Federal Government” with those that “force[] participation of the States’ executive in the actual administration of a federal program”); Freilich v. Bd. of Directors of Upper Chesapeake Health, Inc., 142 F. Supp. 2d 679, 697 (D. Md. 2001) (“This Court has found no case” holding that a statutory command to report information for a federal data bank “commandeers the state.”), aff’d
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sub nom. Freilich v. Upper Chesapeake Health, Inc., 313 F.3d 205 (4th Cir. 2002). The City’s commandeering theory is especially diminished here because the conditions allow a grantee to use awarded funds to cover the grantee’s costs incurred in implementing the conditions. See 2017 Greenville Award ¶¶ 53, 55, 56.
Because the City challenges conditions attached to a grant that can be declined, and because the City moreover cannot show that 8 U.S.C. § 1373 as an independent statutory obligation is facially unconstitutional, the City’s commandeering claim warrants dismissal. VI. The Court Should Decline the City’s Request for a Declaration That the City
Complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. Count VI of the Amended Complaint seeks a declaration that the City complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 151-57. This claim is non-justiciable for lack of ripeness, and also does not rest on a proper cause of action. If the Court nevertheless were to reach this claim, the City is not entitled to the requested declaration because the City’s allegations suggest a violation of Section 1373. A. Constitutional justiciability requires that a claim under the Declaratory Judgment Act must be ripe for judicial consideration. See Wyatt, Virgin Islands, Inc. v. Gov’t of the Virgin Islands, 385 F.3d 801, 805-06 (3d Cir. 2004). Where the declaratory claim concerns governmental action, “[t]he purpose of the ripeness doctrine is to ‘prevent the courts, through avoidance of premature adjudication, from entangling themselves in abstract disagreements over administrative policies, and also to protect the agencies from judicial interference until an administrative decision has been formalized and its effects felt in a concrete way by the challenging parties.’” Id. at 806 (quoting Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136, 148-49 (1967)). The Declaratory Judgment Act is no exception to the rule that “[a] claim is not ripe for adjudication if it rests upon contingent
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future events that may not occur as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all.” Texas v. United States, 523 U.S. 296, 300 (1998) (citation omitted).
Here, the City’s premature claim for declaratory relief preempts the administrative process that the Department has been conducting with the City regarding Section 1373 compliance. In that process, the City has provided its explanation regarding whether it complies, see Dkt. No. 1-14, the Department has responded with a “preliminary assessment” that expressly disclaims “final agency action,” see Dkt. No. 28-1, Ex. A (cited in Am. Compl. ¶ 91 n.35), the City has responded further, see Dkt. No. 61-1, and the Department has yet to render its final assessment.6 Even after the Department would make any determination whether the City violates Section 1373, the City would have an opportunity to appeal that determination administratively. See 34 U.S.C. § 10154; see generally 28 C.F.R. pt. 18. The Department could decide, either upon consideration of the City’s existing submissions, or upon consideration of any administrative appeal, that the City does not violate Section 1373 and thus that Byrne JAG funds will not be withheld on that basis.
Under these circumstances, the City’s request for a declaration that the City complies with Section 1373 is unripe, in that it “rests upon contingent future events that may not occur as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all.” Texas, 523 U.S. at 300 (citation omitted). The federal government has not requested a declaration that the City violates Section 1373, and the Court should not take up that question absent an enforcement action by the United States, which has also not occurred.

6

In fact, OJP has not yet made a final determination with respect to the Section 1373

compliance of any jurisdiction. OJP’s review of a number of jurisdictions continues, most recently

with OJP’s issuance of document requests to various Byrne JAG grantees. See DOJ Press Release

No. 18-81, available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-demands-documents-

and-threatens-subpoena-23-jurisdictions-part-8-usc-1373. OJP did not send such a request to

Philadelphia because of this Court’s injunction, but these document requests illustrate the

numerous administrative steps that remain before there is a reviewable agency decision.

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B. Even if the City’s claim were constitutionally ripe, it is defective because the City pursues declaratory relief without identifying an underlying cause of action. “The Declaratory Judgment Act does not, however, provide an independent basis for subject-matter jurisdiction; it merely defines a remedy.” Allen v. DeBello, 861 F.3d 433, 444 (3d Cir. 2017); see also LevyTatum v. Navient Sols., Inc., 183 F. Supp. 3d 701, 709 (E.D. Pa. 2016) (“We agree that the Declaratory Judgment Act ‘does not authorize actions to decide whether federal statutes have been or will be violated when no private right of action to enforce the statutes has been created by Congress.’” (quoting Jones v. Hobbs, 745 F. Supp. 2d 886, 893 (E.D. Ark. 2010))).
The City does not identify a right of action, in Section 1373 or elsewhere, to seek a declaration that the City complies with Section 1373. A plaintiff does not automatically have a right of action to seek declaratory judgment wherever Article III standing exists. See Harris Cty. Tex. v. MERSCORP Inc., 791 F.3d 545, 552 (5th Cir. 2015) (“The Counties do not contend that [the governing statute] itself creates a private right of action. Instead, the Counties believe that the Declaratory Judgment Act provides a right to relief because there is an ‘actual controversy.’ This argument is flawed because the Declaratory Judgment Act alone does not create a federal cause of action.”). Declaratory relief is thus unavailable.
C. If the Court nonetheless were to consider declaratory relief, the Court should find that the City’s claim fails. The statute provides, in part, that a “local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, [federal immigration officials] information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.” 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a). At least two City policies on their face suggest violations of Section 1373, setting aside additional City policies that may also be non-compliant depending on how the City interprets and applies them.
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First, the City’s Executive Order No. 8-09 states in Section 3 that City officers and employees “shall [not] disclose” information “relating to an individual’s immigration status,” unless certain exceptions apply. Dkt. No. 1-4. Pursuant to 37 Pa. Code § 95.222, the City when admitting a new inmate is required to collect data on an inmate’s country of citizenship, and moreover is required to advise a detainee who is not a U.S. citizen of the right to have notice given to the detainee’s consular officials. Although the City is thus required to possess citizenship information as to every inmate it holds, the City restricts its officials and employees from sharing with DHS this “information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual,” in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373.
Second, the City’s Executive Order No. 5-16 states in Section 1 that notice of a person’s “pending release” from City custody shall not be provided, “unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” Dkt. No. 1-6. This section restricts the sharing of “information regarding . . . immigration status” in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a).7 Nothing in the statute allows the City to impose a prohibition that limits information-sharing only to certain circumstances.

7

The INA states that the “immigration status of any individual” specifically “includ[es] . . .

that a particular alien is not lawfully present in the United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g)(10)(a)

(emphasis added). “Present” means “being in a certain place and not elsewhere,” Webster’s New

International Dictionary (2d ed. 1958), so the fact that an alien is in custody for a specific duration

(in a certain place and not elsewhere) fits within the INA’s contemplation of immigration status.

Moreover, “information regarding . . . immigration status” is a broader category than “immigration

status” itself. Comparison of different subsections within Section 1373 demonstrates that

Congress used the broader “information regarding” formulation deliberately. Compare 8 U.S.C.

§ 1373(a) (concerning “information regarding . . . immigration status”) with 8 U.S.C. § 1373(c)

(discussing “immigration status” but omitting the broader “information regarding” formulation).

“Where Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another

section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely in

the disparate inclusion or exclusion.” Dean v. United States, 556 U.S. 568, 573 (2009) (citation

omitted). Indeed, the House Report accompanying the legislation stated that Section 1373 was

intended “to give State and local officials the authority to communicate with the INS (. . . cont’d)

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The City’s first prerequisite in Executive Order No. 5-16 of a judicial warrant is imposed even though an immigration detainer,8 which is premised on the existence of probable cause and includes a request for notification before an alien is released from custody, is often issued pursuant to an administrative warrant rather than a judicial warrant.9 Removability is a civil matter for which no judicial warrant is provided for by the INA, which instead contemplates arrest pursuant to an administrative warrant. There is no Fourth Amendment or Tenth Amendment rationale that necessitates forcing DHS to go through the exercise of obtaining a judicial warrant (if a judicial warrant is even obtainable) before a City employee is permitted to provide information, upon the request of DHS, about the City’s pending release of a particular alien.
The second prerequisite in Executive Order No. 5-16, which limits the provision of information to persons convicted of first or second degree felonies involving violence, omits serious criminals who may be subject to removal under the INA. Under Pennsylvania law, third degree felonies include, for example, sale or possession of child pornography, terroristic threats, promoting prostitution, possession of an explosive device with an intent to use it to commit arson,

(cont’d . . . ) [Immigration and Naturalization Service] regarding the presence, whereabouts, and activities of illegal aliens.” H.R. Rep. No. 104-469, pt. 1, at 277 (1996) (emphasis added). Custody release (. . . cont’d) information falls within the sweep of “information regarding . . . immigration status” that Congress intended under Section 1373(a). Indeed, it is relevant to the federal government’s statutory duties, enacted at the same time as Section 1373, to “take into custody any alien who” has committed certain offenses, 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c)(1)(A), and to “take into custody any alien who . . . is inadmissible . . . when the alien is released, without regard to whether the alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation,” 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c)(1)(D). It is sensible to read section 1373(a) to include information that assists the federal government in carrying out its statutory responsibilities under the same Act. See United Sav. Ass’n v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Assocs., Ltd., 484 U.S. 365, 371 (1988) (“A provision that may seem ambiguous in isolation is often clarified by the remainder of the statutory scheme . . . because only one of the permissible meanings produces a substantive effect that is compatible with the rest of the law.”).

8

See DHS Form I-247A, available at https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/

Document/2017/I-247A.pdf.

9

See U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement Policy No. 10074.2 ¶¶ 2.4, 5.2, available

at https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2017/10074-2.pdf.

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sexual assault of a minor in a state institution, carrying a concealed firearm without a license, bribery, and vehicle theft. See 4 Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law §§ 9:70, 11:61; 5 Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law §§ 14:11, 15:65, 16:3, 23:13; 5A Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law § 27:6; 5B Summ. Pa. Jur. 2d Criminal Law § 30:34 (2d ed.). The City’s restriction moreover excludes individuals who have committed first and second degree felonies that do not “involve violence” and first and second degree misdemeanors, even though some such offenses may involve serious misconduct that threatens public safety.
And the City’s two prerequisites must both be met under the City’s policy; thus, if an illegal alien who is a qualifying first or second degree felon—such as a violent rapist—was soon to be released, Philadelphia would not give notice to DHS so that the criminal could be subject to removal proceedings or removed, unless DHS supplied a judicial warrant, which as explained is not provided for by the immigration laws. Furthermore, it is of no consequence that for some portion of its detainees who are in temporary lock-up the City may not know a release date; what matters is that a sizable portion of detainees do have a known release date, that for other detainees the City could still provide an estimated or emergent release date/time, and that for all detainees the City has restricted the sharing of custody release information by imposing these prerequisites.
Thus, if the Court were to reach the City’s request for a declaration of compliance with Section 1373, the claim fails because the Amended Complaint in at least two ways suggests that the City violates the statute.10
CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, Defendant respectfully requests that the Court dismiss the City’s Amended Complaint in its entirety. 10 The Department emphasizes that it has not made its final determination about the City’s compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373—a subject on which the Department is subject to this Court’s preliminary injunction and is at this time taking discovery.
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DATED: February 2, 2018

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN Acting United States Attorney
JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director
/s/ Arjun Garg ARJUN GARG Trial Attorney U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530 Phone: (202) 305-8613 Fax: (202) 616-8470 E-Mail: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov
Counsel for Defendant

32

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 114 Filed 02/15/18 Page 1 of 5

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff, v.
JEFF SESSIONS, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO COMPEL RESPONSES TO PLAINTIFF’S INTERROGATORIES 18 AND 19
The City seeks to compel the Department to respond to two interrogatories to which the Department objected as improperly propounding pure questions of law:
Interrogatory No. 18: State whether it is the Department’s position that Section 1373 requires that States and localities allow their employees to respond to all inquiries from ICE regarding an individual’s whereabouts. Interrogatory No. 19: State whether it is the Department’s position that Section 1373 prohibits States and localities from establishing protocols for responses to ICE inquiries about a person’s whereabouts. The City’s motion to compel lacks merit. Courts have repeatedly found that interrogatories like these two, seeking to force a party to adopt a position on abstract questions of law, are not a valid use of civil discovery and do not require a response. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 33 itself rejects what the City attempts to compel here. “As the Notes of the Advisory Committee observe, interrogatories may not extend to issues of ‘pure law.’” Neyhard v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 1987 WL 4708, at *2 (E.D. Pa. Jan. 16, 1987) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 33 advisory committee note for 1970 amendment); accord Trueman v. New York State Canal Corp., 2010 WL 681341, at *3 (N.D.N.Y. Feb. 24, 2010) (stating that “Rule 33 does not permit the inquiring party to seek an answer of ‘pure law’”). The Advisory
1

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Committee note for Rule 33 expressly references United States v. Maryland & Virginia Milk Producers Association, where a court held that “it is not appropriate to resort to interrogatories in order to ascertain contentions of the opposing party in respect to matters of law. That is not the function of discovery.” 22 F.R.D. 300, 301 (D.D.C 1958) (citation omitted).
Accordingly, “courts have routinely concluded that interrogatories which seek purely legal information are not permissible.” Gilmore v. City of Minneapolis, 2014 WL 4722488, at *6 (D. Minn. Sept. 22, 2014). Rule 33 “does not permit discovery requesting a party to express its legal position.” Escamilla v. Nuyen, 2015 WL 4245868, at *8 (D.D.C. July 14, 2015); see also McCrink v. Peoples Benefit Life Ins. Co., 2004 WL 2743420, at *4 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 29, 2004) (“[D]efendant shall not be required to answer this interrogatory to the extent that it calls for the defendant’s legal reasoning and theories for denying plaintiffs’ claim, rather than for the factual basis underlying this reasoning.”).
The motion to compel fails because the City’s “interrogatories request a purely legal response and do not request answers linked specifically to the facts of this case.” Everest Nat’l Ins. Co. v. Santa Cruz Cty. Bank, 2016 WL 6311876, at *5 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2016). The interrogatories do “not ask for an opinion or contention that relates to a fact or an application of law to a fact. The inquiry does not relate to any facts at all.” Encon Int’l, Inc. v. Garrahan, 2013 WL 12250907, at *1 (D. Kan. Jan. 16, 2013). “Instead, each [interrogatory] asks [the Department] to provide its opinion on a pure issue of law.” United States v. Quebe, 2017 WL 279539, at *17 (S.D. Ohio Jan. 23, 2017) (finding that “objections are well taken” and denying motion to compel).
On this rationale, a court denied a motion to compel responses to interrogatories seeking a party’s “understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment” and “understanding of the definition of ‘religious exercise’ under RLUIPA.” Anderson v. Werholtz, 2009 WL 392673, at *1 (D. Kan. Feb.
2

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17, 2009). Another court found that the following interrogatory “requires defendant to provide a legal interpretation of the word ‘purpose,’” and denied the plaintiff's motion to compel: “What do YOU contend was required of YOU in order to be able to demonstrate a ‘purpose’ under California Welfare and Institutions Code 14085.6 for SB 1255 funds?” United States ex rel. Englund v. Los Angeles Cty., 235 F.R.D. 675, 682-83 (E.D. Cal. 2006). As in those examples, the City’s interrogatories here impermissibly seek opinions on issues of law.
The City’s motion to compel warrants denial on this basis alone. The Court thus need not reach, but may additionally take into consideration, the principle that “[t]here is a strong presumption against discovery into administrative proceedings born out of the objective of preserving the integrity and independence of the administrative process.” NVE, Inc. v. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 436 F.3d 182, 195 (3d Cir. 2006). That principle further counsels against this Court endorsing the City’s attempt, in a case that is fundamentally a preemptive challenge under the Administrative Procedure Act, to use civil discovery not to develop facts, but instead to bind the federal government to abstract positions on the construction of a federal statute.
For all of these reasons, the City’s motion to compel should be denied.

DATED: February 15, 2018

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN Acting United States Attorney
JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director
/s/ Arjun Garg ARJUN GARG Trial Attorney U.S. Department of Justice Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch

3

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 114 Filed 02/15/18 Page 4 of 5 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530 Phone: (202) 305-8613 Fax: (202) 616-8470 E-Mail: arjun.garg@usdoj.gov Counsel for Defendant
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I, Arjun Garg, hereby certify that on February 15, 2018 I electronically filed the foregoing document using the Court’s CM/ECF system, causing a notice of filing to be served upon all counsel of record.
/s/ Arjun Garg ARJUN GARG

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 1 of 132

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

CIVIL ACTION

v.

NO. 17-3894

JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

MEMORANDUM RE: MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

Baylson, J.

November 15, 2017

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 2 of 132
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Summary of the Counts in the Complaint............................................................................... 2 II. Summary of Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law ......................................................... 5 III. Byrne JAG Program............................................................................................................ 8 IV. The Three Challenged Conditions .................................................................................... 11 V. Philadelphia’s Policies at Issue ............................................................................................. 14 VI. Prior Litigation Over “Sanctuary City” Policies............................................................... 17
A. County of Santa Clara v. Trump ....................................................................................... 17 B. City of Chicago v. Sessions .............................................................................................. 20 VII. Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction................................................................... 22 VIII. Review of Testimony and Sworn Declarations Filed by Plaintiff in Support of Motion . 23 A. Testimony of Police Commissioner Ross ......................................................................... 23
1. Philadelphia Police Priorities ........................................................................................ 23 2. Reasons for Philadelphia Police Department Policies on Immigrants.......................... 24 3. Community Policing ..................................................................................................... 25 4. Immigrants Have No Immunity from Arrest and Prosecution for Crimes in Philadelphia
26 5. Reasons for Police Policies Criticized by the Attorney General .................................. 26 6. Cooperation with Federal Law Enforcement Agencies ................................................ 28 B. Declaration and Testimony of Julie Wertheimer .............................................................. 29 C. Declaration and Testimony of Eva Gladstein ................................................................... 31 D. Declaration and Testimony of Brian Abernathy............................................................... 33 E. Testimony of Thomas Farley ............................................................................................ 37 IX. Review of Sworn Declarations Filed by Defendant in Opposition to Motion.................. 39 X. Findings of Fact .................................................................................................................... 40 XI. The APA and the Challenged Conditions ......................................................................... 47 A. Final Agency Action ......................................................................................................... 48 1. The Parties’ Contentions............................................................................................... 48 2. The Agency Action at Issue is Final ............................................................................. 49 B. The City’s Challenges under APA Section 706................................................................ 50 1. Statutory Authority ....................................................................................................... 50
a) “Special Conditions” Authorization ....................................................................... 51 (1) The Parties’ Contentions ..................................................................................... 51
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(2) Section 10102(a)(6) Does Not Authorize Any Challenged Condition ............... 52 b) “All Other Applicable Federal Laws” Authorization ............................................. 54
(1) The Parties’ Contentions ..................................................................................... 54 (2) Section 10153(a)(5)(D) May Authorize The Certification Condition ................ 57 2. Arbitrary and Capricious............................................................................................... 58 a) The Parties’ Contentions......................................................................................... 58 b) The “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements”......................................................... 61 c) The July 25, 2017 Press Release............................................................................. 64 d) The 2016 OIG Report ............................................................................................. 66 3. Constitutionality of Conditions..................................................................................... 67 XII. The Intersection between Criminal Law and Immigration Law ....................................... 69 A. Lawfully Present versus Unlawfully Present Noncitizens................................................ 70 B. Removal: Deportability (8 U.S.C. § 1227) versus Inadmissibility (8 U.S.C. § 1182)...... 72 1. Overview....................................................................................................................... 72 2. Detention pending removal proceedings – criminal aliens........................................... 73 3. Removal proceedings.................................................................................................... 73 4. Consequences of Deportability and Inadmissibility ..................................................... 74 C. Criminal Grounds of Deportability and Inadmissibility ................................................... 74 1. § 1227(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Deportability ............................................ 75 a) Crimes Involving Moral Turpitude (“CIMT”)........................................................ 75 b) Aggravated Felonies ............................................................................................... 77 c) Other offenses ......................................................................................................... 77 2. § 1182(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Inadmissibility ......................................... 78 D. The Relevance of Padilla and Galarza .............................................................................. 79 1. Padilla v. Kentucky....................................................................................................... 79 2. Galarza v. Szalczyk....................................................................................................... 80 E. ICE Programming and Enforcement Priorities ................................................................. 82 1. Secure Communities Program ...................................................................................... 83 2. Priority Enforcement Program ...................................................................................... 83 F. President Trump’s Executive Order: New Enforcement Priorities................................... 84 G. Philadelphia’s Policy and Potential Conflicts................................................................... 86 H. Statutes Which Impact Both Immigration and Criminal Law .......................................... 88 I. Selective Enforcement ...................................................................................................... 90 XIII. Spending Clause and Separation of Powers...................................................................... 92
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A. Relatedness ....................................................................................................................... 93 1. Byrne JAG Program and the DOJ Conditions .............................................................. 98 2. Certification Condition ............................................................................................... 100
B. Lack of ambiguity ........................................................................................................... 101 C. Coercion and the Tenth Amendment .............................................................................. 106
1. New York v. United States ......................................................................................... 107 2. Printz v. United States................................................................................................. 108 3. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sibelius .......................................... 109 4. City of New York v. United States ............................................................................. 110 5. The Present Case......................................................................................................... 113 XIV. Philadelphia Substantially Complies with Section 1373 ................................................ 115 A. Substantial Compliance Can Be Implied ........................................................................ 115 B. Substantial Compliance Can Apply to Grant Conditions ............................................... 117 XV. Irreparable Harm ............................................................................................................. 121 A. The Status Quo................................................................................................................ 121 B. Philadelphia Has Demonstrated Irreparable Harm ......................................................... 121 XVI. Balance of Equities and the Public Interest .................................................................... 126 XVII. CONCLUSION........................................................................................................... 127
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If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein.1 The Complaint in this case asserts multiple counts of constitutional and statutory violations, relating to the federal government’s attempt to deprive the City of Philadelphia the receipt of grants from the United States Department of Justice, referred to as “JAG Program” grants. After a prompt Rule 16 conference, because of approaching events that threatened to deprive the City of Philadelphia of this grant money, and the non-monetary consequences of the federal government’s proposed actions, the City has moved for a preliminary injunction.2 The Court held an evidentiary hearing on October 26, 2017.
1 W. Virginia State Bd. of Educ. v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 642 (1943), (Jackson, J.). 2 The parties agreed that responses to the Complaint, including any Rule 12 motions, would be stayed pending resolution of the preliminary injunction motion.
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I. Summary of the Counts in the Complaint The City filed a six-count Complaint on August 30, 2017, alleging in detail the City’s
overarching commitments to welcoming immigrants, holding wrongdoers accountable for their criminal conduct regardless of their immigration status, and promoting the health, safety, and welfare of all residents. The City evidently prizes the hard-won trust it has earned with immigrant communities, and believes that the City is both safer and better off when immigrants do not “fear adverse consequences to themselves or to their families from interacting with City officers.” (ECF 1 (“Compl.”) ¶ 2). In the City’s view, fostering trust with immigrant communities promotes cooperation with police––particularly by immigrant victims and witnesses of crimes––which in turn promotes public safety. (Id. ¶ 3). To that end, the City has instituted a number of policies intended to limit collection of immigration status information in the provision of City services and routine policing efforts, and limit coordination with federal immigration enforcement. (Id. ¶¶ 21– 51). Philadelphia hastens to add, however, that it cooperates with federal authorities in various arenas of criminal justice, including by participating in federal task forces, and employs several databases that are visible to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (“FBI”) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”). The City has applied for, and received, federal funding through the Byrne Justice Assistance Grants Program (“JAG Program”) every fiscal year since the JAG Program assumed its present form in 2005. (Id. ¶ 60). In fiscal year 2016, it had to agree to some fifty-three special conditions in order to receive $1.68 million in JAG Program funds, as demonstrated on its 2016 grant approval sheet. (Id.; Compl. Ex. 9).
The City objects to three conditions recently imposed by the Department of Justice through the Attorney General, and has filed suit to enjoin them. Specifically, it alleges that the Attorney General cannot condition JAG Program funds on 1) requiring federal immigration agents access to
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City detention facilities (the “Access Condition”); 2) providing the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) at least 48 hours’ advance notice of the date and time of the release of any inmate about whom DHS has requested such information (the 48 hour “Notice Condition”); and 3) certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (“Certification Condition”; collectively, the “Challenged Conditions”). (Compl. ¶ 5). The City alleges six counts for injunctive and declaratory relief.
Count I asserts that the Attorney General acted ultra vires and in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act by imposing the Challenged Conditions, because the Challenged Conditions are not authorized by the Congressional statute creating the JAG Program, do not concern administration and spending of JAG Program funds, and are at odds with the JAG Program’s formula grant structure. (Id. ¶¶ 105–12).
Count II asserts that the imposition of the Challenged Conditions is unconstitutional and therefore violates the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”). The City argues that the Constitution bestows upon Congress the exclusive power to enact spending legislation pursuant to Article I, § 8, cl. 1 (the “Spending Clause”), whereas the President and the Executive Branch are separately tasked with “tak[ing] Care that the Law be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5 (the “Take Care Clause”). The City also claims that Attorney General’s imposition of the new conditions amounts to an unconstitutional refusal to disburse money that Congress has already appropriated. (Id. ¶¶ 113–21).
Count III alleges that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions is arbitrary and capricious, and therefore violates the APA, because it deviates from past agency policy without reasoned explanation or justification. (Id. ¶¶ 122–24).
Count IV asserts that even Congress could not have imposed these conditions on JAG 3

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 8 of 132 Program grants because doing so would violate the Spending Clause. The Challenged Conditions, the City argues, are unrelated to the purpose of the JAG Program, do not impose unambiguous obligations on recipients, and transgress principles of federalism. (Id. ¶¶ 125–31).
Count V alleges that the conditions on JAG Program funds seek to commandeer City officials into the enforcement of federal immigration law in violation of the Tenth Amendment. The City seeks injunctive and declaratory relief preventing the Attorney General from interpreting 8 U.S.C. § 1373 and the two other grant conditions in a way that would violate the Tenth Amendment. (Id. ¶¶ 132–37).
Count VI seeks a declaration by this Court that the City is in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, as constitutionally construed. (Id. ¶¶ 138–44).
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II. Summary of Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law After the City’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction was filed, the Court determined that
the parties should have a chance to present relevant facts, in order to supplement the declarations which had been filed. Testimony was received from various City officials, and the most crucial witnesses were Police Commissioner Ross, Deputy Managing Director Abernathy, and Health Commissioner Farley – who established Philadelphia’s actual practices with regard to so-called “undocumented” aliens – and also, “criminal aliens.”
Philadelphia is a not a “sanctuary city” – if that term means that there are any policies that would prevent or inhibit the investigation, arrest, prosecution and sentencing of aliens. There are none. The term “criminal aliens,” although not defined by any statute, includes individuals who are not citizens, but who have been convicted of serious crimes, or have reentered the United States after being deported. This category of criminal alien represents a fairly small percentage of the total number of non-citizens.
Approximately one half of unlawfully present non-citizens can be accurately described as “visa overstayers” – that is, they entered the United States legally, on a properly issued visa, but have stayed after the visa expired. 3 Although Congress has enacted laws that allow civil proceedings to deport any undocumented alien, the record of the case establishes that our federal government, for decades, with both Democratic or Republican presidents, has taken no steps whatsoever to deport visa overstayers or aliens who entered unlawfully and without being arrested. All deportation efforts, from World War II to the present time, have focused on “criminal aliens.”
3 DHS statistics indicate that as of January, 2012 there were approximately 11.4 million unlawfully present non-citizens in the U.S. Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2012, Bryan Baker and Nancy Rytina. These statistics further indicate that roughly half of that population is made up of visa overstayers, while the other half is comprised of individuals who have entered the United States without inspection. A very small percentage of the overall 11.4 million, including both visa overstayers and those who entered without inspection, have criminal convictions. This topic is discussed in detail below.
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As the record shows, Philadelphia has certain protective policies which primarily apply to aliens who are “visa overstayers.”4 The government asserts these policies allow it to deny the Byrne JAG grants to Philadelphia.
This factual testimony forms an important part of the Court’s rulings, which also depend on established statutory and constitutional principles. Turning to the legal issues presented by the City, as the moving party for preliminary injunction, the Court finds that the Attorney General’s implementation of two of the conditions for receiving the Byrne grant, which we will term the “48 hour notice” condition, and the “jail access” condition, were issued without appropriate authority under the Administrative Procedure Act, a statute enacted by Congress many years ago which regulates the matters on which federal government agencies, of which the Department of Justice is one, may issue conditions.
For the remaining issues, this opinion will explain in some detail the intersection between federal and state criminal laws, and federal immigration practices. Regulation of immigration is exclusively a federal function, but it is not exclusively within the province of the executive branch of government. Congress has enacted specific laws which give the federal government significant authority to deport “criminal aliens.” There is abundant statutory authority for using civil proceedings to deport visa overstayers, as well as individuals who entered without inspection, but have not been convicted of any crimes. However, there has been virtually no enforcement action whatsoever to deport visa overstayers, or illegal entrants who were not arrested at the time they crossed into the United States, usually from Mexico.
Turning to the other allegations in the City’s complaint, the Court gives careful analysis to
4 Analysis of 2014 statistics suggests that 67 percent of Pennsylvania's unlawfully present noncitizen population is made up of visa overstayers. Robert Warren and Donald Kerwin, The 2,000 Mile Wall in Search of a Purpose, 5 J. Migration and Hum. Security, 124, 129, (2017).
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the Spending Clause in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution, and also to the Tenth Amendment, which reserves to the states (and by definition, local governments) those powers not designated for the federal government. In analyzing other actions issued by the Department of Justice, which claims that their non-observance by the City warrants rejection of the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant to Philadelphia, the Court concludes the City is likely to succeed in its claims that the Department of Justice’s conditions are improper under settled principles of the Spending Clause, the Tenth Amendment, and principles of federalism.
In doing so, the Court acknowledges that Congress has prohibited state or local governments restricting communications about aliens to the federal government. Although the Court declines to rule whether a certification condition is applicable, the record of the case clearly shows, giving due credibility to the testimony about the City’s practices, that Philadelphia is in “substantial compliance” with all of these DOJ conditions.
Applying the requisite proof for preliminary injunction of probability of success on the merits, irreparable harm, a balancing of equities, preserving the status quo, and the public interest, the Court will issue a preliminary injunction in favor of the City, that the City may certify its compliance with these conditions, and to enjoin the Department of Justice from denying the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant.
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III. Byrne JAG Program The federal grant at issue is awarded under the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance
Grant Program (the “JAG Program” or the “Byrne Program”). See 34 U.S.C. § 10151 (formerly
42 U.S.C. § 3750). Named after a fallen New York City police officer, the JAG Program supports
state and local law enforcement efforts by providing additional funds for personnel, equipment,
training, and other criminal justice needs. See 34 U.S.C. § 10152 (formerly 42 U.S.C. § 3751).
A more robust understanding of federal grants, appearing below, is important to fully
appreciate the contours of the JAG Program.
Federal awarding agencies have no independent power to award grants. Thus, all grants
must be authorized by Congress in the form of enabling legislation. The degree of discretion
afforded to awarding agencies depends on the statutory text and the type of grant. However,
regardless of the amount of authority delegated by Congress to the awarding agency, all grant
terms must be consistent with the authorizing statute.
There are two main categories of federal grants: (1) discretionary grants, and (2)
mandatory grants. The JAG Program is a mandatory grant.
(1) Discretionary grants are those for which an awarding agency generally possesses discretion to select the awardees and the amount they receive. Discretionary grants are typically made through a competitive grant process for a specific project, and federal awarding agencies often attach program or project-specific requirements to grant funds.
(2) Mandatory grants are those which an awarding agency must make if a grantee meets the requirements set forth in the authorizing statute. States seeking mandatory grant awards must submit a plan to the federal agency administering the program detailing how it will use the grant funds. Notably, mandatory grants are not “competitive,” and no applicant that complies with grant requirements is excluded from receiving funds.
Mandatory grants can be further divided into three sub-categories: (A) entitlement grants,
(B) block grants, and (C) formula grants. The Byrne Program is a formula grant. 8

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(A) Entitlement grants are those in which the beneficiary is entitled to receive money upon demonstrating that it qualifies for assistance. One example is Medicaid, where the beneficiaries are individuals.
(B) Block grants are those awarded pursuant to formulas set out in their respective authorizing statutes, which often take into account factors such as population and annual Congressional appropriations. Block grants are subject to several, but not all, provisions of the Office of Management and Budget’s “Uniform Guidance,” codified at 2 C.F.R. 200.
(C) Formula grants, such as the Byrne Program, are similarly awarded pursuant to formulas in their respective authorizing statutes. However, formula grants are subject to all provisions of the Uniform Guidance.
Grants awarded under the Byrne Program are based on a formula which takes into account
the applicant jurisdiction’s population and violent crime rate. See 34 U.S.C. § 10156 (formerly
42 U.S.C. § 3755). The Attorney General has limited the eligibility of applicant jurisdictions to
JAG Program funds for many years, by imposing various conditions. In the present case,
Philadelphia brings no challenge to more than fifty of these conditions, instead focusing on the
three most recently imposed conditions. (See Pl. Mot. Ex. 11).
The Attorney General claims that the three Challenged Conditions are authorized under
two statutory provisions.
The first is 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which does not appear in the same statutory
subchapter as the Byrne Program. It states in relevant part:
The Assistant Attorney General shall . . . exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.
The second source of statutory authority claimed by the Attorney General does in fact
appear in the same subchapter as the Byrne Program. See 34 U.S.C. § 10153. The Attorney
General contends that this separate source of authority independently supports the Section 1373
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Certification Condition: To request a grant under this part, the chief executive officer of a State or unit of local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General within 120 days after the date on which funds to carry out this part are appropriated for a fiscal year, in such form as the Attorney General may require. Such application shall include the following: [...] (5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that— [...] (D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.
34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) (emphasis added).
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IV. The Three Challenged Conditions The Attorney General cites a May, 2016 report from the Office of the Inspector General
(“OIG”) finding deteriorating local cooperation with “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States,” (Compl. Ex. 10), as an important catalyst for the imposition of the Challenged Conditions.
Accordingly, in late July 2017, the Attorney General announced two new conditions on every grant provided by the JAG Program. (See Backgrounder on Grant Requirements, Pl. Mot. Ex. 1). The two new conditions require, first, that local authorities provide federal agents advance notice of the scheduled release from state or local correctional facilities of certain individuals suspected of immigration violations (the “Notice Condition”), and, second, that local authorities provide immigration agents with access to City detention facilities and individuals detained therein (the “Access Condition”). Id. Additionally, a third condition on Byrne JAG funds was added last year that requires the City to certify compliance with a federal statute, 8 U.S.C. § 1373, which prohibits local government and law enforcement officials from restricting the sharing of information with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”)5 regarding the citizenship status of any individual (the “Certification Condition”). Id.
The three conditions are as follows: (1) The Notice Condition A State statute, or a State rule, regulation, policy, or practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that, when a State (or State-contracted) correctional facility receives from DHS a formal written request authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act that seeks advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such
5 The enforcement function of INS is now performed by ICE, after a government reorganization in 2003. Although INS is referenced in statutes throughout this Memorandum, which can be understood for present purposes to instead signify ICE.
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facility, then such facility will honor such request and––as early as practicable––provide the requested notice to DHS.
(2) The Access Condition
A State statute, or a State rule, regulation, policy, or practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that agents of the United States acting under color of federal law in fact are given access to any State (or State-contracted) correctional facility for the purpose of permitting such agents to meet with individuals who are (or are believed by such agents to be) aliens and to inquire as to such individuals’ right to be or remain in the United States.
(3) The Certification Condition
The applicant local government must submit the required ‘Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373’ (executed by the chief legal officer of the local government).
The Certification Condition requires the City to certify compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373
(“Section 1373”). Section 1373 is titled “Communication between government agencies and the
Immigration and Naturalization Service” and provides as follows:
(a) In General
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.
(b) Additional Authority of Government Entities
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual:
(1) Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and Naturalization
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Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with any other Federal, State, or local government entity. (c) Obligation to Respond to Inquiries The Immigration and Naturalization Service shall respond to an inquiry by a Federal, State, or local government agency, seeking to verify or ascertain the citizenship or immigration status of any individual within the jurisdiction of the agency for any purpose authorized by law, by providing the requested verification or status information. The Department of Justice (“DOJ”) asserted by letter dated October 11, 2017, a “preliminary assessment” that the City did not comply with Section 1373. (ECF 28 (“Def. Opp.”), Ex. A to Declaration of Alan Hanson (“Hanson Decl.”)). The City responded by letter dated October 27, 2017, disputing that assessment and requesting a delay in any withholding of the FY 2017 JAG award pending resolution of this litigation. (ECF 61).
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V. Philadelphia’s Policies at Issue
The Attorney General contends that “[a]t least two [Philadelphia] policies do not comply
with Section 1373, and at least three additional policies may also be non-compliant depending on
how the City interprets and applies them.” (Def. Opp., at 38).
First, Philadelphia Executive Order No. 5-16, states in Section 1:
No person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 287.7, nor shall notice of his or her pending release be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.
(Compl. Ex. 6). Although Executive Order No. 5-16 appears to restrict compliance with detainers
and advance notice requests, a subsequent memorandum issued to the Prisons Commissioner
clarified that “the Department of Prisons is directed to cooperate with all federal agencies,
including ICE, when presented with a judicial warrant,” irrespective of whether “such person is
being released from custody after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving
violence.” (Compl. Ex. 7).
Second, Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06, which has as its express goal the
“preserv[ation of] confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to the
maximum extent permitted by law,” states in Section III.C:
The Philadelphia Police Department will continue to cooperate with federal authorities in investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities. However, immigrants who are victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner.6
6 As further discussed below, during the evidentiary hearing in this case, Philadelphia’s witnesses stated that a criminal suspect who is also a victim would not be protected under Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06; this narrow category of victim-suspects (e.g., two defendants both charged with felony assault on the other as the result of a fight) could have their status as an immigrant transmitted to federal authorities.
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(Compl. Ex. 3).
Third, Executive Order No. 8-09, Section 2, states:
B. Law enforcement officers shall not: … (2) inquire about a person’s immigration status, unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime (other than mere status as an undocumented alien); (3) inquire about the immigration status of crime victims, witnesses, or others who call or approach the police seeking help; or (4) inquire regarding immigration status for the purpose of enforcing immigration laws.
C. Law enforcement officers shall continue to cooperate with state and federal authorities in investigating and apprehending individuals who are suspected of criminal activity.
(Compl. Ex. 4).
Fourth, Executive Order No. 8-09, Section 3, states:
A. As used herein, “confidential information means any information obtained and maintained by a City agency relating to an individual’s immigration status.
B. No City officer or employee shall disclose confidential information unless: (1) such disclosure has been authorized in writing by the individual to whom such information pertains . . .; (2) such disclosure is required by law; or (3) the individual to whom such information pertains is suspected by such officer or employee or such officer’s or employee’s agency of engaging in criminal activity (other than mere status as an undocumented alien).
(Id.).
Fifth, Police Commissioner Memorandum No. 01-06, Section III.A, states:
In order to safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant, police personnel will transmit such information to federal immigration authorities only when:
(1) Required by law, or 15

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(Compl. Ex. 3).

(2) The immigrant requests, in writing, information be provided, to verify his or her immigration status, or
(3) The immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, including attempts to obtain public assistance benefits through the use of fraudulent documents.

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VI. Prior Litigation Over “Sanctuary City” Policies
The present litigation represents the latest skirmish between state or local governments and
the federal government over so-called “Sanctuary City” policies. Two recent cases in particular
merit discussion prior to this Court’s analysis of the current dispute between Philadelphia and the
Attorney General.
A. County of Santa Clara v. Trump
Less than a week after assuming office, President Trump issued Executive Order 13768,
entitled “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,” which “purport[ed] to
‘[e]nsure that jurisdictions that fail to comply with applicable Federal law do not receive Federal
funds, except as mandated by law’ and to establish a procedure whereby ‘sanctuary jurisdictions’
shall be ineligible to receive federal grants.” Cty. of Santa Clara v. Trump, 250 F. Supp. 3d 497,
507 (N.D. Cal. 2017) (quoting 82 Fed. Reg. 8799). Two California jurisdictions, which had
policies in place prohibiting the use of resources to aid in enforcement of federal immigration law
or limiting the circumstances in which they honored ICE detainers, sought to enjoin Section 9(a) of
the Executive Order, which states:
Sec. 9. Sanctuary Jurisdictions. It is the policy of the executive branch to ensure, to the fullest extent of the law, that a State, or a political subdivision of a State, shall comply with 8 U.S.C. 1373.
(a) In furtherance of this policy, the Attorney General and the Secretary, in their discretion and to the extent consistent with law, shall ensure that jurisdictions that willfully refuse to comply with 8 U.S.C. 1373 (sanctuary jurisdictions) are not eligible to receive Federal grants, except as deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes by the Attorney General or the Secretary. The Secretary has the authority to designate, in his discretion and to the extent consistent with law, a jurisdiction as a sanctuary jurisdiction. The Attorney General shall take appropriate enforcement action against any entity that violates 8 U.S.C. 1373, or which has in effect a statute, policy, or practice that prevents or hinders the enforcement of Federal law.
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Exec. Order No. 13768 (emphasis added). The plaintiff counties alleged that this part of the Executive Order violated the principle of
Separation of Powers, violated the Spending Clause of Article I of the Constitution, improperly conscripted them in enforcing federal immigration law in violation of the Tenth Amendment, was unconstitutionally vague, and violated the counties’ procedural due process rights. Id. At oral argument, the United States argued that this section of the Executive Order applied only to three grant programs administered by the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice, including the Byrne JAG Program. Id. at 507–08, 510.
Rejecting this interpretation, the court found that the Executive Order “r[an] afoul of … basic and fundamental constitutional structures,” which it explained: The Constitution gives Congress the federal spending power and place conditions on receipt of federal funds; once legislation is enacted, the President is “required to ‘take Care that the Law be faithfully executed.’” Id. at 531 (quoting U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5). The court stated that “[w]here Congress has failed to give the President discretion in allocating funds, the President has no constitutional authority to withhold such funds and violates his obligation to faithfully execute the laws duly enacted by Congress if he does so.” Id. The court concluded: “Section 9 purports to give the Attorney General and the Secretary the power to place a new condition on federal funds (compliance with Section 1373) not provided for by Congress. But the President does not have the power to place conditions on federal funds and so cannot delegate this power.” Id. The court also noted that Congress had considered, and rejected, conditioning federal spending on compliance with Section 1373 and immigration law, which placed the President’s power “at its lowest ebb.” Id. (quoting Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 637 (1952)).
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Even if the President possessed spending powers, that court continued, the Executive
Order would nonetheless have overstepped constitutional limitations on spending legislation.
The court found that the Executive Order did not impose unambiguous conditions on jurisdictions.
Id. at 532. Moreover, its attempt to defund sanctuary jurisdictions lacked the requisite
relationship between the condition and the purpose of the funds because there was “no nexus
between Section 1373 and most categories of federal funding, including without
limitation funding related to Medicare, Medicaid, transportation, child welfare services,
immunization and vaccination programs, and emergency preparedness.” Id. at 532–33. It did
suggest some relationship between immigration enforcement and law enforcement, however:
The Executive Order inverts the nexus requirement, directing the Attorney General and Secretary to cut off all federal grants to “sanctuary jurisdictions” but giving them discretion to allow “sanctuary jurisdictions” to receive grants “deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes.” EO § 9(a). As the subset of grants “deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes” likely includes any federal funds related to immigration enforcement, the Executive Order expressly targets for defunding grants with no nexus to immigration enforcement at all. This is the precise opposite of what the nexus test requires. Id. at 533 (emphasis added).7 The court also found that the plaintiffs were likely to succeed on the
merits of their argument that the attempt to defund sanctuary jurisdictions amounted to an
unconstitutionally coercive use of the spending power. Id. The court further found that the
Executive Order attempted to conscript states and localities into enforcing federal immigration law
in violation of the Tenth Amendment, contained “standardless guidance and enforcement
provisions” rendering it void for vagueness, id. at 536, and violated jurisdictions’ procedural due
process rights by failing to establish any notice or opportunity to be heard regarding their potential
7 Note that the Court did not issue any ruling regarding whether Section 1373 had a relationship to the JAG Byrne Program.
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loss of federal funding. Id. Accordingly, the court entered a nationwide preliminary injunction barring enforcement of
Section 9(a) on April 25, 2017. Id. at 540. It clarified that the injunction did not “impact the Government’s ability to use lawful means to enforce existing conditions of federal grants or 8 U.S.C. 1373” or “restrict the Secretary from developing regulations or preparing guidance on designating a jurisdiction as a ‘sanctuary jurisdiction.’” Id.
B. City of Chicago v. Sessions Prior to the initiation of the Philadelphia litigation, the city of Chicago, which had enacted a “Welcoming City Ordinance” as part of its municipal code, filed suit challenging the imposition of the Challenged Conditions attached to Byrne funding. The arguments in the Chicago litigation in many ways parallel those at issue in the Philadelphia case, and Chicago, like Philadelphia, sought preliminary injunctive relief in federal court. See City of Chicago, No. CV 17 C 5720, 2017 WL 4081821 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017). On September 15, 2017, after Philadelphia had filed its Complaint, a Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois ruled that the Attorney General lacked authority under the authorizing statute to impose substantive conditions on Byrne grants, 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-58, and acted ultra vires in imposing the Notice and Access conditions. Id. The court rejected the Attorney General’s attempt to claim authority to impose such conditions on the basis of 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), a provision of a separate statutory subchapter establishing the Office of Justice Programs allowing the Assistant Attorney General to “‘plac[e] special conditions on all grants’ and to ‘determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.’” Id. at *5 (alterations in original). However, the court ruled that a provision of the Byrne JAG Program authorizing statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), requiring certification that an applicant for Byrne funds “will
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comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws” gave the Attorney General the statutory authority to impose the Section 1373 Certification Condition. Id. at *7. The court reasoned that “[t]he most natural reading of the statute authorizes the Attorney General to require a certification of compliance with all other applicable federal laws, which by the plainest definition includes Section 1373.” Id. at *9. It specifically noted that Chicago had not challenged the Certification Condition under the Spending Clause. In short, the court found that Chicago was likely to succeed on the merits of its challenges to the jail access and advance notification conditions, but not on the 1373 compliance provision. The City of Chicago court did not hold an evidentiary hearing in reaching its legal conclusions.
With respect to irreparable harm, the court found that “[t]he harm to the City’s relationship with the immigrant community if it should accede to the conditions is irreparable” and that “forcing the City either to decline the grant funds based on what it believes to be unconstitutional conditions or accept them and face an irreparable harm, is the type of ‘Hobson’s choice’” that the Supreme Court had found to support irreparable harm for purposes of granting injunctive relief. Id. at *13 (citing Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 504 U.S. 374, 381 (1992)). Finally, the court found the balance of the equities and the public interest favored neither party because both Chicago and the Attorney General had “strong public policy arguments” grounded in “concerns of public safety,” “the wisdom of which [was] not for the Court to decide.” Id. at *14.
Accordingly, the court entered a nationwide preliminary injunction barring the Notice and Access conditions. Id. It subsequently denied a stay of the nationwide application of the injunction. City of Chicago v. Sessions, No. CV 17 C 5720, WL 4572208 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 13, 2017). An appeal is pending.
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VII. Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction Philadelphia asserts it is likely to show that the Attorney General’s imposition of the
Challenged Conditions violates the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) because the Attorney General:
(1) acted in excess of his statutory authority as well as contrary to the authorizing federal statute;
(2) violated the Constitution’s separation of powers; and (3) acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner. (See Pl. Mot., at 15–16). Philadelphia’s contentions that the Attorney General acted in excess of, and contrary to, the authorizing federal statute, rely on the statute’s text, legislative history, and implementation history, while rejecting the Attorney General’s reliance on a statutory provision that defines the “powers and functions” of the Assistant Attorney General of the Office of Justice Programs. See 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6). Philadelphia’s motion also asserts that the Attorney General’s actions are in contravention of the Constitution’s Spending clause, the Tenth Amendment, and principles of Federalism. The City also contends it is likely to show that the City’s policies are consistent with Section 1373 as constitutionally and lawfully construed, and therefore that the Attorney General should be enjoined from denying the City funding on that basis. The City alleges irreparable harm, not only from the denial of receipt of the money, but also from a loss of goodwill in the immigrant community. Lastly, the City asserts that the public interest warrants preserving the “status quo” pending a final hearing. The standards for a preliminary injunction are set forth below.
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VIII. Review of Testimony and Sworn Declarations Filed by Plaintiff in Support of Motion A. Testimony of Police Commissioner Ross Born and raised in Philadelphia, Richard Ross has been a member of the Philadelphia
Police Department (“PPD”) for over 28 years, and for the past 22 months has served as Police Commissioner. In this role he is responsible for everything from hiring and termination decisions, to training, to policy implementation, to communication. Prior to taking on the Police Commissioner position, Commissioner Ross rose through the ranks of the PPD, from working as a sergeant, to a lieutenant, working his way up to Captain of the Homicide department, before becoming the Deputy Commissioner in Internal Affairs and eventually the First Deputy Commissioner for eight years.
Commissioner Ross reported that the PPD is budgeted for 6,525 police officers, and currently employs approximately 6,400, along with an additional approximately 800 civilian employees, making it the fourth largest police department nationwide. Commissioner Ross reported that PPD’s budget is in excess of $600 million, however between 96-98% of that budget is dedicated to personnel costs and benefits. Thus, while the $1.6 million that the City must forego if it rejects JAG funds represents a small percentage of PPD’s overall budget, it is significant to crime fighting efforts and represents 10% of non-personnel costs. Specifically, this funding would be used for overtime salaries, crime suppression, and technological updates.
1. Philadelphia Police Priorities When asked what the most important issues are to the PPD currently, Commissioner Ross pointed to gun violence, and the development and maintenance of police-community relationships. When asked to articulate his theory of policing, he highlighted two major themes: smart policing—that is, using intelligence to react to, and proactively anticipate crime as quickly as
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possible—and community policing—in the sense of viewing citizens as “partners” in crime fighting, and being intentional about developing relationships with the community in order to promote this idea of a partnership and the attendant benefits. He emphasized the connection between these two themes, noting that it is not possible for the PPD to be omnipresent, in the sense of having a police officer on every single corner, so they must leverage community relationships to increase their capacity to detect crime.
He identified some of the ways that community members help the PPD respond to crime, for example, the PPD receives tips from the public in response to surveillance video and photos connected to requests for information; in general, he asserted, the greatest source of intelligence used for resolving criminal investigations comes from people, not through technologically advanced techniques. He highlighted domestic violence and sexual assault as contexts in which crime can typically only be detected and addressed if victims come forward with information. Further he described PPD’s efforts to utilize pattern information and analysis to anticipate and react quickly to neighborhood crime, for example robbery; information from victims and other community members regarding these patterns is incredibly valuable, and if community members are in fear of being deported as a result of approaching PPD they won’t come forward. This would put PPD far behind in their efforts to effectively respond to crime.
2. Reasons for Philadelphia Police Department Policies on Immigrants Commissioner Ross discussed the likely consequences if the PPD were required to disclose the immigration status of every victim and witness with whom they came into contact. He stated that this practice would be “stifling” because community members would fear PPD. Although developing community relationships can be incredibly hard, but because it is so important to the PPD’s ability to collect information about ongoing crime, it is something to which the PPD has
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dedicates substantial resources. Overall, Commisioner Ross emphasized that a broad policy of sharing the immigration
status of non-criminal immigrants would detract from PPD’s mission, impacting not only the individuals subject to such information sharing, but also their wider communities and those of adjacent neighborhoods. Commissioner Ross reported that as of 2016, crime in Philadelphia was at a 40-year low, which is an indicator of the progress that has been achieved through smart policing and community partnership efforts, including in immigrant communities. He made clear that available evidence suggests no link between an individual’s status as an undocumented immigrant, and their likelihood to commit a crime; in fact, it is primarily people born and raised in Philadelphia who commit crime in the City.
3. Community Policing He indicated that the PPD engages in both department-wide and district-specific programmatic efforts to develop community relationships. Special interest groups, including some associated with various ethnic identities, are employed to build relationships with the groups they represent. He described the PPD’s efforts, including community engagement through meetings, social media, the Police Athletic League, and town halls. He highlighted the difficulty, particularly in the current social climate, to maintain an image of legitimacy with the community. Establishing trust, he explained, can sometimes only be achieved on a block-by-block basis. Once gained, losing the community’s trust can be almost impossible because it leaves the public with no reason to believe that the PPD is legitimate. “Trust and legitimacy go together,” he stated. Commissioner Ross described the PPD’s interactions with the immigrant community as no different from the rest of the population, explaining that the PPD must have a strong partnership
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with this group just as with any other. He asserted that without them “we would be in peril.” The PPD recruits bilingual officers in order to enable communication between the police and community members who do not speak English. He also noted the value in showing to immigrant communities that many PPD officer share their same heritage.
4. Immigrants Have No Immunity from Arrest and Prosecution for Crimes in Philadelphia Commissioner Ross stated emphatically that he does not consider PPD to be an extension of ICE, noting multiple times that pursuing immigration enforcement would detract from the PPD’s mission. With regard to the term “sanctuary city,” Commissioner Ross stated that he is not clear on exactly what the term refers to and personally does not use it. Philadelphia is a “welcoming city,” he offered. He noted that some people might infer that the concept of a sanctuary city indicates that if an immigrant commits a crime, they won’t be arrested or prosecuted, before clarifying that this not the PPD’s policy: “we don’t harbor criminals in the Philadelphia police department.” Commissioner Ross emphasized that a suspect’s immigration status makes no difference to arrest procedures or prosecution decisions. 5. Reasons for Police Policies Criticized by the Attorney General Commissioner Ross explained that internal PPD memoranda represent policies to be implemented, and provide directions to guide the manner in which police officers are to conduct themselves. The method for dissemination is via submission of memos to local police districts. Officers are generally required to sign each memo to confirm receipt. Referring to PPD Memorandum 01-06, dated May 17, 2001 and issued by then Police Commissioner Timoney, Commissioner Ross clarified that the Policy outlined in Section II accurately reflects the current policy of PPD. With respect to Section II, Part B, which indicates that PPD “will preserve the confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to
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the maximum extent permitted by law,” Commissioner Ross explained that the motivation behind this policy is the need for the entire population to understand that the PPD is there to protect and serve them, and that they should feel comfortable coming forward with any information to help police fight crime. He highlighted the fact that this policy protects the confidentiality only of those who are “law abiding,” and says nothing about those who are breaking the law. He emphasized the built-in exception in Section III which clarifies that police will share with federal authorities information about any immigrant who “is suspected of engaging in criminal activity” to underscore the distinction that the PPD draws between, on the one hand, victims and witnesses, and on the other, criminal violators.
Commissioner Ross explained that nothing in the policy set out in Memo 01-06 prevents PPD from cooperating with the federal government, and that in the 16 years it has been in place the federal government has never identified any issues with it.
Commissioner Ross also commented on Mayor Nutter’s Executive Order 8-09, signed on November 10, 2009, which sets out the City’s policy with respect to immigrants’ access to City services and sets out a general prohibition on City officials inquiring into and disclosing individuals’ immigrations status, subject to exceptions. He explained that this policy is important because the PPD’s mission is to safeguard the population, not to engage in immigration enforcement. The PPD would not be able to effectively pursue its obligation to protect and serve if the City’s population is concerned about officers revealing residents’ immigration status. Sub-section 3 of Part B of Section 3 provides an exception by which City employees may disclose information regarding an individual’s immigration status when that individual is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, “other than mere status as an undocumented alien.” Commissioner Ross again highlighted this exception as establishing PPD’s position that these protections do not
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extend to individuals who are engaged in criminal activity, noting that PPD has no interest in withholding information about criminals from ICE.
Under the City’s policies, including Memorandum 01-06 and Executive Order 8-09, police officers would not be restricted from responding to an ICE request for information regarding any noncitizen who has been arrested. However they would likely not provide address information for a former inmate who had been released and is no longer suspected of criminal activity, as this broaches on immigration enforcement and is not within PPD’s purview. When asked about the policy with regard to an individual who fits the description of both a victim and a perpetrator,8 Commissioner Ross clarified that the PPD will make determinations about whom to arrest and charge with crimes, and ultimately will be willing to communicate to ICE information regarding the immigration status of any individual who is actually charged with a crime. Commissioner Ross confirmed that PPD employees had been trained with respect to these policies, however Section 1373 had not been mentioned by name in training.
6. Cooperation with Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Commissioner Ross asserted that the PPD has a good relationship with all federal agencies, and that nothing in City policy prevents PPD’s cooperation with federal agencies. He identified examples of cooperation such as the joint terrorism task force between the PPD and the FBI–– which feature local and federal officials working together. When asked about the example of a noncitizen who has not committed any state crime, but who has unlawfully returned to the U.S. after being deported in violation of federal criminal law, Commissioner Ross indicated the PPD would not be likely to encounter such a person. Generally speaking, police are not involved unless a state crime is committed. He clarified though, that if
8 For example, if two individuals have a physical altercation and both are injured.
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such a person were to commit a state crime, they would be arrested and charged according to normal PPD procedures, which include fingerprinting the suspect and sharing his fingerprints through a database to which ICE and other federal authorities have access. In this way, the suspect’s immigration status would be shared with ICE.
B. Declaration and Testimony of Julie Wertheimer In her declaration, Ms. Wertheimer identifies herself as Chief of Staff, Criminal Justice, in the Managing Director’s Office of Philadelphia, in which she oversees the “Office of Violence Prevention.” She also discusses Philadelphia’s unbroken history of receiving Byrne JAG grants since the program’s inception in 2005. In FY 2016, Philadelphia received $1.67 million, and a slightly lower amount in FY 2015. Ms. Wertheimer asserts that Philadelphia relies upon federal funding provided by the Byrne JAG program to support a number of priorities and programs. Ms. Wertheimer relates that on July 25, 2017, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) notified Philadelphia as follows: As a condition to receiving any Byrne JAG funds in fiscal year 2017, Philadelphia must comply with three conditions. Philadelphia must: (1) certify that the City complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373; (2) permit officials from the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) access to any
detention facility maintained by Philadelphia in order to meet with persons of interest to DHS; and (3) provide at least 48 hours’ advance notice to DHS regarding the scheduled release date and time of an inmate for whom DHS requests such advance notice. Ms. Wertheimer relates that the application deadline for the local FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding was September 5, 2017 and that Philadelphia submitted a timely application.
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Her declaration gives further details of how Philadelphia plans to spend the JAG funds, if awarded, with further details supplied at the hearing at which she testified.
She explained at the evidentiary hearing that the Byrne Program involves congressionally allocated and congressionally appropriated formula grant funds based on population and crime rate. Ms. Wertheimer also distinguished between, on the one hand, competitive grants and, on the other hand, formula grants, which do not require the City to compete to acquire the grant funds. In her experience, the City has never failed to receive formula grant funds for which it applied. In fact, Ms. Wertheimer recalled that on one occasion, due to a typographical error, the city accidentally applied for less money than the formula authorized. She received a telephone call from an officer at the DOJ informing her that Philadelphia would need to remedy the error because the City was required to receive the full amount for which it was eligible under the terms of the Byrne statute.
Ms. Wertheimer also provided an explanation of the City’s budgeting process. Because the City’s fiscal year runs from July 1 to June 30, the Mayor typically submits a proposed budget around February of each year. City Council then holds hearings and votes on the budget in May or June. If additional resource needs arise thereafter, city officials must generally wait until the following fiscal year to seek those funds.
She further explained that Byrne Program grants are awarded early in the City’s fiscal year, which typically enables the City to acquire additional funds for criminal justice programs that do not appear in that year’s fiscal year budget. In order to decide which criminal justice programs Philadelphia will seek funding for, a sub-committee of the County’s Criminal Justice Advisory Board meets and decides which programs should be prioritized based on urgency and need. In FY 2016, the opioid crisis was one such urgent need.
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Ms. Wertheimer also testified that the City has applied and been awarded funding under the Byrne Program every year since 2005, without controversy. In no prior year were any conditions added such as those in FY 2017, in which DOJ asked for a legal opinion from Philadelphia’s City Solicitor and signatures on the grant application from the Solicitor and Mayor.
Importantly, she testified that Byrne grants are not in the City’s general fund budget. Instead, the Byrne funds are located in the unanticipated funds budget, which signifies that if the grant is not awarded, the projects for which those funds were allocated will not occur. She emphasized that no funding will be diverted from other sources to pay for what would otherwise have been several projects funded by the Byrne grant, including naloxone supply for officers to use in case of civilian opioid overdose, overtime pay for officers, and case management software used to deliver the City’s limited resources efficiently.
C. Declaration and Testimony of Eva Gladstein Plaintiff also submitted a declaration of Eva Gladstein, who is Deputy Managing Director of Health and Human Services in the Office of Managing Director. After detailing her personal and professional experience, she detailed the City policies and practices regarding what she refers to the “immigrant community,” specifically that the City refrains from asking for immigration status information to determine benefits eligibility. Ms. Gladstein defends this practice and details the number of individuals and children, totaling over 114,000, who have received mental health services through City-funded programs, almost 33,000 individuals who have sought substance abuse treatment through City funded programs, and over 6,000 children who have benefitted from early intervention services by the City. Ms. Gladstein estimates the immigrant community to include approximately 200,000 people, or 13% of the overall population. However, because the City does not collect data or
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statistics regarding immigration status of residents accessing City services, her estimates are not firm numbers. Ms. Gladstein states as follows:
If the City were required to collect immigrant status information as a requisite to providing services, that would have a significant impact on the [immigrant] community’s willingness to access these services, and I would expect a significant drop in these numbers, which would put all Philadelphians at risk. Eva Gladstein also testified at the evidentiary hearing that all five of the agencies she supervises comply with Executive Order 08-09 (“The Confidentiality Order”). She further testified that Philadelphia residents can use the City’s services without regard to immigration status. In fact, the agencies that Ms. Gladstein oversees specifically perform outreach to immigrant communities, often using the City’s language and cultural capacities to do so. Because some of these services are stigmatized—e.g., substance abuse, treatment services—the City has sought to remove as many “obstacles” as possible to ensure that immigrants, like other Philadelphia residents, are able to use the City’s services. For example, Ms. Gladstein explained that the Department of Human Services operates a hotline which receives reports of suspected abuse and neglect of children. These reports generally lead to investigations by the Department, which seeks to determine if the complaint is founded. These investigations typically rely on some measure of cooperation from the child’s neighbors, friends, and family. Ms. Gladstein testified that, without the Confidentiality Order in place, Philadelphia would not receive the same level of cooperation needed to ensure the safety of Philadelphia’s children. Ms. Gladstein also gave examples of other city services under her supervision that would be compromised in the immigrant community if the City’s Confidentiality Order were not in effect, such as emergency shelters, transitional housing, the domestic violence hotline, and
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domestic violence shelters. Ms. Gladstein credibly testified that immigrants would be less likely
to use the City’s services if they feared that their immigration status would be readily revealed to
ICE.
D. Declaration and Testimony of Brian Abernathy Plaintiff filed the declaration of Brian Abernathy, who as First Deputy Managing Director
supervises the Police and Fire and Emergency Management Departments. In addition to
providing details about his personal and professional background, Mr. Abernathy summarizes the
structure and organization of the Police and Fire Departments. He also details prior and existing
mayoral orders, which do not require that immigrants disclose their immigrant status in dealing
with the agencies that he oversees, specifically Philadelphia’s six prison facilities, and the Police
Department.
Mr. Abernathy details in May 2017 a new “consent form” provided by the City to inmates
that gives an inmate the right to speak with a federal immigration official or to decline to do so.
His reasons for this policy were set forth as follows:
It is the expectation that such a policy will further encourage trust by the immigrant community and foster cooperation with law enforcement, without any fears of deportation looming above. The consent-based policy also ensures the orderly administration of Philadelphia’s prisons, by avoiding the unnecessary expenditure of time and resources that sometimes would be incurred when inmates are delivered to ICE only to then exercise their constitutional rights to remain silent or have counsel present.
Mr. Abernathy then details the City’s responses to detainer notification requests by ICE
and justifies them as follows:
The City’s law enforcement protocols, its notification policy, and its consent-based jail access provisions have led its immigration population to trust Philadelphia’s police officers and prosecutors, to believe that reporting a crime or participating as a witness in a trial will not results in that individual or his family being turned over to
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ICE, and to view Philadelphia’s law enforcement personnel not as extensions of ICE or as immigration enforcement agents, but as persons whose primary job is to keep their families and communities safe from crime. If City officials, including Philadelphia police officers, were required to affirmatively collect immigration information, this long built trust with the immigrant community would be broken, compromising public safety and pushing a significant segment of Philadelphia’s community into the shadows. Simply put, we would expect crime reporting and witness participation in criminal proceedings to drop and use of healthcare, education, and other services among segments of the immigration population to be reduced.
Abernathy oversees the day-to-day operations of the City, including public safety
departments like police, fire, and emergency management, and is responsible for establishing
broad policy in fields such as opioid response, immigrant affairs, and homelessness. Through his
work, he interacts with Blanche Carney, Commissioner of the Philadelphia Department of Prisons.
He also testified to enjoying a “professional, cooperative relationship” with ICE—although they
“h[ad their] disagreements”—and referenced a recent meeting at which he explained City policy
regarding immigrants to ICE officials.
Abernathy testified that as of Friday, October 20, 2017, Philadelphia’s six prisons held
some 6,833 inmates, of whom 79% are being held pre-trial, and 17% have been sentenced.
Another 2% have been convicted but not sentenced, and a further 2% are in some other form of
temporary custody. Abernathy several times reiterated that only 17% of inmates in Philadelphia
prisons, who are all serving sentences of 23 months or less, have scheduled release dates.
City law enforcement employ several case management databases, among them the
Preliminary Arraignment Reporting System (PARS), the Automated Fingerprint Information
System (AFIS), and the National Crime Information Center (NCIC). Suspects booked by
Philadelphia police are fingerprinted. The fingerprints are uploaded into a state system, which
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interfaces with federal information, and shared with law enforcement across the country, including ICE. PARS, which is co-owned by the City, the First Judicial District, and the District Attorney, is an information-sharing system for real-time case updates; although PARS does not contain immigration status information, ICE has had access for “a number of years.” A memorandum of understanding with ICE limits access to victim and witness information, however. Abernathy testified to reading on the ICE website that most ICE detainers were generated from biometric data provided by local law enforcement.
Abernathy stated that the City often receives requests for an inmate to be detained at the behest of another jurisdiction or agency. Sometimes these are criminal warrants signed by a judge, such as if an inmate were facing charges in another jurisdiction. In other instances, the City receives civil, administrative detainers from ICE, which are typically signed by an ICE agent. Between December, 2015 and October 20, 2017, the City received 140 ICE detainer requests. Of these 140 detainers, only four were accompanied by a judicial warrant; all four of these individuals are still in custody. When an immigration detainer request is received, it is placed in the inmate’s file and marked within the prison computer system, which also codes whether the detainer is accompanied by a judicial warrant. Abernathy had heard of only one example of an immigration detainer being sent to local police, which made sense, he said, because police hold an individual only briefly.
Abernathy was familiar with City policies regarding immigration status collection and immigration detainers. He stated that Executive Order 8-09 did not prohibit employees from asking about status information, and did not forbid employees from contacting ICE to inquire about an individual’s immigration status, although he did not know why anyone would do this. He repeatedly stressed this importance of respecting court orders and warrants, and described
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issuing a memorandum to Prisons Commissioner Blanche Carney on March 22, 2017 (ECF 1-7) clarifying Executive Order 5-16. That memorandum ordered City prisons to honor all judicial warrants. Pursuant to Executive Order 5-16 and the clarifying memorandum, the City does not hold individuals based on civil ICE detainers alone. The operative question is always whether a judicial warrant was received. He clarified that the City does not honor immigration detainers signed by an immigration judge unaccompanied by a criminal warrant.
When posed with various hypotheticals regarding whether City policies prevented employees from sharing an individual’s status in custody or identifying information, Abernathy frequently seemed puzzled—why was asking City employees necessary when the information was already available to ICE through shared databases? He added that City policies allowed employees to share with ICE an individual’s location, but not that individual’s release date, unless the request for release date was accompanied by a judicial warrant. Providing advance notice of a release date for an unsentenced inmate would also pose administrative burdens and practical problems, Abernathy explained, because inmates are often released directly from court or on short notice pursuant to a court order.
This spring, Abernathy began hearing reports that ICE had been contacting individual prison wardens in order to interview inmates. In response, the City began sending consent forms to inmates that informed them of their right to decline an ICE interview. The policy was a compromise between advocates, who wanted the City to prohibit all ICE access to prisons, and federal immigration authorities. The City has consent forms only for ICE, Abernathy said, because only ICE is investigating civil matters. Since the consent form was implemented, ICE has sought to interview three people, two of whom declined interviews, and the last of whom agreed to be interviewed only in the presence of a lawyer, at which point ICE cancelled the
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interview. Abernathy also oversees the Office of Criminal Justice, which prepares the City’s
application for Byrne JAG grants. The City is planning to use the Byrne grant to pay overtime for officers, fund police officer training regarding use of force, and buy Narcan (also known as Naloxone), a drug that counteracts opioid overdoses, for Philadelphia police officers to administer. Abernathy emphasized the life-saving potential of these programs: the use-of-force training was implemented at the behest of Police Commissioner Ross to cut down on officer-involved shootings, which are now at record lows. And more Narcan doses means more lives saved: Although officers carrying Narcan had made over 300 “saves” this year, Philadelphia suffered 900 deaths from opioid overdoses in 2016, some three times the number of homicides, and is anticipating approximately 1200 deaths this year. Without JAG funds, these programs “would not move forward.”
E. Testimony of Thomas Farley Philadelphia City Health Commissioner Dr. Thomas Farley, MD/MPH, testified that his role as City Health Commissioner requires him to look after the health of all of the City’s 1.56 million residents, some 200,000 of whom are foreign-born. The Department of Public Health employs approximately 1,200 employees under Dr. Farley’s supervision, and oversees aspects of preventive health interventions as diverse as curbing the spread of communicable diseases like HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis; promoting immunizations; encouraging Philadelphia residents to quit smoking; and inspecting restaurants. The Department of Public Health operates numerous public clinics throughout the city, offering primary care services to some 80,000 individuals per year—without regard to immigration status. Dr. Farley testified that cultivating trust with immigrant communities is paramount to the
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work of the Department of Public Health. Many of those seeking treatment from City clinics are immigrants, and the Department employs some 120 bilingual staff, as well as 19 full- or part-time translators. Dr. Farley believes that it is important to the overall health of the City for immigrants to seek preventive services such as vaccinations without fear of immigration consequences. Public health is served when individuals freely seek preventive care and do not stave off care until they need emergency room treatment in the midst of a health crisis.
Dealing with tuberculosis among immigrant communities has proven particularly delicate. Two-thirds of the 75 people with active tuberculosis in Philadelphia are immigrants. Investigating tuberculosis transmission requires Department employees to enter individuals’ homes; treatment protocols require Department employees to watch patients taking their medicine. Destroying this trust would have negative public health consequences for controlling the spread of this disease.
Dr. Farley stressed that he cooperates with federal public health agencies, including the Center for Disease Control. The Department, he testified, does not receive Byrne JAG funds.
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 43 of 132 IX. Review of Sworn Declarations Filed by Defendant in Opposition to Motion
The declaration of the Acting Assistant Attorney General, Alvin Hanson, sets forth the basic facts of the Byrne AG program and are not disputed.
The Jim Brown declaration (ECF 28-2), submitted by defendant, sets forth his position as Deputy Assistant Director of Enforcement of ICE, and several reasons why ICE desires to have immigrant status information provided by state and local governments. The City objected to part of the Brown declaration and the defendant declined the opportunity to present him for live testimony and cross-examination. Therefore, the Court gives low weight to his declaration. Specifically, Mr. Brown does not at all address the various sources of computer-based information through which ICE, like the City, has access to immigrant status information, and those who deserve the status of “criminal aliens”––as to whom Philadelphia policies do not preclude removal. Nor does he discuss specific Philadelphia policies providing exceptions for persons convicted of felony crimes, or for whom there is a judicial warrant.
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X. Findings of Fact Based on the facts presented by the various declarations summarized above, and the
testimony received at the hearing on October 26, 2017, the Court makes the following findings of fact:
1. All of the witnesses called by the City to testify are credible and the Court will give significant weight to their testimony, which is based on their personal knowledge as City officials and/or employees.
2. The Attorney General’s phrase for certain cities, including Philadelphia, is “Sanctuary Cities”––which this Court rejects as a misnomer. Philadelphia is not a sanctuary for anyone involved in criminal conduct, nor is it a sanctuary as to any law enforcement investigation, prosecution, or imprisonment after having been found guilty of a crime. The Court does not need a label for Philadelphia’s policies.
3. The City has a comprehensive criminal justice system reflecting the broad continuum that must deal with crime in a large urban setting, ranging from minor offenses for which there is usually very little or no jail time upon conviction, but also dealing with recidivist and violent criminals who deserve and receive lengthy prison sentences. This City policy extends through many City agencies, including the police department, responsible for law enforcement, through the District Attorney’s Office, and its investigation and prosecution function, through the Defender Association and various private attorneys who defend individuals accused of crime, the court system and the prison system which is responsible for custodial maintenance of those sentenced to prison. This continuum includes the probation department and other social service agencies which provide useful services to individuals who may be awaiting trial, or have served any sentence but are still under court supervision, and are re-entering society.
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4. The conditions that the Attorney General has placed on receipt of Byrne JAG grants have no relationship to successful police practice or the enforcement of criminal laws in the City. Arrest and prosecution of non-citizens who have committed crimes, is an important part of law enforcement. However, disclosing their immigration status to ICE has nothing to do with law enforcement, and will not prevent crime. The City has adopted policies designed to improve re-entry, to encourage non-criminal behavior by individuals who were previously convicted of a crime, whether citizens or aliens, and to preserve public health.
5. The City’s reasons for this were well explained during the testimony, particularly by Police Commissioner Ross, Deputy Managing Director Abernathy, and Dr. Farley. Their reasons express valid principles of public health, of undue burdensomeness of administrative adherence to the ICE requests, and the reasonable and fact-based belief that giving ICE 48 hours’ notice of release of an immigrant would endanger public safety, and also endanger public health. The reasons for this are set forth in the testimony and include the concept of rehabilitation once an individual leaves a prison setting, the need for individuals to have jobs so they can support themselves and their families, and to educate their children, without fear of deportation.
6. Nonetheless, the City has a firm policy that it will honor judicial warrants and, as various witnesses pointed out, ICE as a federal law enforcement agency has access to the same national databases as any other law enforcement agency, from which ICE can secure information about where an individual subject to removal/deportation, has recorded his or her last known address and other important facts such as medications, continuing of medication for certain diseases, etc.
7. The 48 hour Notice requirement, if strictly enforced, would impose substantial administrative burdens by City personnel, and may require hiring additional employees, at a
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significant but unnecessary cost. The testimony established only 17% of the occupants of Philadelphia City prisons are sentenced and have a “release date.”
8. In the prison setting, the recent requirement of providing 48 hours’ advance notice would not only create administrative burdens, but would be basically impossible to administer, even with extra personnel. As noted above, only 17% of the inmates in Philadelphia City prisons have actually been sentenced, and would have a release date. As to an inmate who has not been tried, or has been convicted but not been sentenced, or has been sentenced to a term of 24 months or more (and thus will be transported to a state institution), compliance with the 48 hour notice is impossible. The City has no way of knowing the release date of individuals who were in that prison without the specific sentence having been imposed by a judge.
9. The City’s policy of respecting judicial warrants serves a valid purpose and will enable ICE to fully perform its immigration and law enforcement functions. As noted at the hearing, City law enforcement officials, as well as ICE, have access to national databases that indicate the name, any aliases, and addresses, past, present and future, of individuals, whether citizens or aliens. Thus, ICE really has no need for the City to designate individuals who are subject to a specific release date.
10. As to the request for interviews, once again ICE has access to information of criminal aliens who are subject to deportation and can check that database information against the listing of inmates in the Philadelphia prison system, which is periodically reviewed and updated.
11. As Commissioner Ross testified, both citizens and non-citizens who happen to be in prison are anxious to get out of prison. Most of them want to resume a normal life with a paying job and a constructive family life. The Court finds that if the City were to succumb to the DOJ conditions at issue here, that there would be a marked decrease in the provision of City
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services to aliens, whether criminal or otherwise, but not presently in prison, and the overall security and safety of many neighborhoods and communities would suffer.
12. There is no evidence in the record whatsoever that non-citizens in Philadelphia commit any more crimes than the citizens. In fact, Commissioner Ross testified that Philadelphia born and bred residents are much more responsible for crime in the City of Philadelphia than aliens.
13. Dr. Farley, Health Commissioner, corroborated this testimony and gave specific examples of how designating and publicizing immigration status information, of non-citizen residents would be counterproductive to public health. As one example, there are a number of communicable and infectious diseases prevalent in a large city as Philadelphia at various times, and if infected non-citizens had to disclose their immigrant status and their addresses to City agencies, with later disclosure to ICE, they would likely not accept any kind of care where they would have to disclose their non-citizenship status, and thus, there would be a significant exposure of City residents to these diseases. These individuals currently do not have to disclose their non-citizenship status, but if they were required to do so, this would cause spread of an infectious disease much to the detriment of the entire City.
14. The evidence of record in this case, and considerable research, including newspaper accounts of the discussions in Congress over “immigration reform” lead the Court to find that the federal immigration authorities have, for decades, concentrated virtually exclusively on the removal of aliens who have committed crimes. The extensive discussion below, of the various immigration provisions, and criminal sanctions for immigration violations, show that the emphasis on federal removal practices is limited to a group that could be fairly described as “criminal aliens” – those non-citizens who have committed serious (felony) crimes while present
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in the United States. The Court has no disagreement whatsoever with these policies, and they are really not relevant for the issues in this case, except that the fact has been established that, over decades, only criminal aliens have been subject to removal.
15. The Court agrees with footnote 4 in the City’s proposed findings of fact (ECF 65), that of the estimated 11 million non-citizen immigrants in the United States, only 8% would be classified as criminal aliens. The policies in practice of the federal government for decades have been basically to ignore removal practices against “visa overstayers.”9 However, the breadth, and the generalizations implied in the Attorney General’s conditions, which are the subject of the City’s motion for preliminary injunction, threaten to include visa overstayers and other non-citizen immigrants who cannot be classified as criminal aliens. Examples of this would be persons arrested for minor crimes and not convicted, immigrants arrested and convicted for minor crimes but receiving very minimal sentences, and also individuals who may find themselves in prison, having been found in contempt of court for failure to pay child support or similar family court sanctions. None of these groups can be classified as criminal aliens. Furthermore, as Commissioner Ross explained, some ICE policies seek to use civil “immigration detainers” to require City prisons to detain aliens who have been notified of removal proceedings, irrespective of any status as a criminal alien, which may reflect a change in the existing policy of non-enforcement as to visa overstayers, but the record is not clear on this point.
16. The Court has reviewed the City’s proposed findings of fact (ECF 65), and finds that they accurately reflect the contents of the various memoranda that were discussed by the witnesses at the hearing, and the impact which the Attorney General’s conditions would have on
9 As discussed in more detail below, a first offense of illegal entry into the United States is a misdemeanor, but subsequent convictions are a felony. 8 U.S.C. § 1325. This type of alien is generally not included in the term “criminal alien” and in any event does not represent any significant numbers of aliens in Philadelphia. There may be significantly larger number of illegal entrants in the western United States.
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these very valid City practices. The Court does not see a need to incorporate in detail all of the provisions of the various memoranda, but agrees that they establish valid municipal policies, including law enforcement practices, and that the decision of the City not to make disclosure of an immigrant’s status on any publicly available reports is a sound one, that is not in violation of any federal law, and serves valid public policy and public health principles.
17. ICE is legitimately concerned about release of convicted criminal aliens from prison and into a community. The Philadelphia policies provide an exception for any person as to whom a judicial warrant is lodged as a detainer. The various computer databases described by Police Commissioner Ross provide ample data to ICE to identify criminal aliens who are situated in Philadelphia prisons for whatever reason. Obtaining a judicial warrant is not a burdensome procedure. ICE enforcement officers are well trained in preparing warrants based on “probable cause” as the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides. Numerous United States judicial officers in this court are available on a 24/7 basis to review and approve warrants, which can then be transmitted electronically to a Philadelphia prison and lodged as a detainer against an inmate.
18. The various arguments and reasons that the Attorney General gave for the conditions are refuted by the testimony of the City witnesses. The Attorney General does point out, see Proposed Finding of Fact 42 (ECF 64) that there are certain instances in which Byrne JAG grant money could be used to assist a former prison inmate who is an alien, for whom ICE seeks removal, such as a person not convicted of a felony, and for whom ICE did not secure a judicial warrant. The Court finds these instances are likely to be very few in number and that the beneficial law enforcement and public health benefits of the City’s policies would outweigh any minor disregard of ICE policies.
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19. Based on the foregoing Findings of Facts, and the discussion below, the Court finds that the City is in substantial compliance with the Challenged Conditions for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant and that it can certify its compliance with Section 1373. Any lack of strict compliance is de minimis, as Philadelphia policies provide no safe harbor nor sanctuary for any criminal alien.
20. Denial of the Byrne JAG grant for FY 2017 would result in irreparable harm. The testimony shows that this money constitutes 10% of Philadelphia Police budget for non-personnel uses, and this would make a substantial inroad on City programs which have depended on the Byrne JAG grants in prior years. Denial will deter crime prevention efforts, and also public health efforts, such as fighting the opioid epidemic.
21. In conclusion, the undersigned notes his experience as an Assistant District Attorney in Philadelphia, and also serving as United States Attorney in this district, which has given me substantial personal experience in the workings of the criminal justice system, the availability of judicial warrants, the cooperation between federal and local officials, the data contained on computer-based information about criminal histories, of people arrested, likely including their immigrant status or at least data showing that they are immigrants, and whether legal immigrants, or visa overstayers.
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XI. The APA and the Challenged Conditions The APA exempts from rulemaking requirements any “matter relating to agency
management or personnel or to public property, loans, grants, benefits, or contracts.” 5 U.S.C. § 553(a)(2) (emphasis added). Although this exception may have “create[d] a serious gap in the procedural protections the APA was enacted to provide,” it is clear that the language, “any matter relating to . . . grants,” includes an agency’s imposition of grant conditions. Nat’l Wildlife Fed’n v. Snow, 561 F.2d 227, 231 (D.C. Cir. 1976).
Therefore, grant conditions—such as those at issue in this case—are not subject to the rulemaking requirements of 5 U.S.C. § 553, including requirements that the agency publish general notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, § 553(b) (i.e., notice), and provide interested persons an opportunity to participate in rulemaking through submission of written data or arguments, § 553(c) (i.e., comment).10
The JAG Program’s enabling statute provides for limited procedural protection to be afforded to grant applicants. It states, “[t]he Attorney General shall not finally disapprove any application . . . submitted under this part without first affording the applicant reasonable notice of any deficiencies in the application and opportunity for correction and reconsideration.” 34 U.S.C. § 10154.
The JAG Program statute also clearly delegates authority to the Attorney General to “issue rules to carry out this part.” 34 U.S.C. § 10155.
Philadelphia does not claim that the Attorney General lacked all authority to promulgate grant conditions, failed to provide a required notice-and-comment period, denied the City notice of
10 The Supreme Court has cautioned that while “[a]gencies are free to grant additional procedural rights in the exercise of their discretion, [] reviewing courts are generally not free to impose them if” the agencies “employed at least the statutory minima.” Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 435 U.S. 519, 524, 548 (1978).
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perceived deficiencies, or failed to provide an opportunity for the City to seek reconsideration of the Attorney General’s decision to impose the Challenged Conditions. Instead, Philadelphia brings three claims under APA section 706, contending that the Attorney General:
(1) acted in excess of his statutory authority (and contrary to the authorizing federal statute);
(2) violated the Constitution’s separation of powers; and, (3) acted in an arbitrary and capricious manner. However, before analyzing Philadelphia’s claims, this Court must first determine whether the Attorney General’s action is in fact final and reviewable. A. Final Agency Action First, the Attorney General challenges Philadelphia’s APA claims on the grounds that there has been no “final agency action” and thus, that the claims are not ripe for this Court’s review. Therefore, the threshold question with respect to the APA claims is whether the DOJ “consummated its decision-making process” such that the action of imposing the grant conditions is “final” and therefore ripe for judicial review.
1. The Parties’ Contentions The Attorney General claims that the City’s APA claims are likely to fail because the City’s challenge relates to non-final agency action. The FY 2017 Byrne grant process is still unfolding, without any ultimate decision as to whether Philadelphia will be awarded Byrne funds. According, the Attorney General contends, there has been no “consummation” of DOJ’s decision-making process. The APA does not permit judicial review unless the agency has made a final determination, and as a result, the Attorney General asserts that the City’s APA claims are not yet ripe. Philadelphia claims that the agency action—in this case the imposition of the Challenged
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Conditions—is final because the Department definitively announced that it “was going to impose
three new conditions.” The City points to the Attorney General’s own presentation of facts,
which demonstrates that each locality’s FY 2017 Byrne Program award will contain the
Challenged Conditions. (See Hanson Decl. ¶ 5). Because the Attorney General can impose the
new conditions at any time—especially if the nationwide stay is reversed in the City of Chicago
case—the agency has acted.
2. The Agency Action at Issue is Final “As a general matter, two conditions must be satisfied for agency action to be ‘final’:
First, the action must mark the ‘consummation’ of the agency’s decisionmaking process . . . it must not be of a merely tentative or interlocutory nature. And second, the action must be one by which ‘rights or obligations have been determined,’ or from which ‘legal consequences will flow’ . . . .”
Ocean Cty. Landfill Corp. v. U.S. E.P.A., Region II, 631 F.3d 652, 655 (3d Cir. 2011) (quoting
Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154, 177–78 (1997)). The following factors are used to determine
whether an agency action is final:
1) whether the decision represents the agency's definitive position on the question; 2) whether the decision has the status of law with the expectation of immediate compliance; 3) whether the decision has immediate impact on the day-to-day operations of the party seeking review; 4) whether the decision involves a pure question of law that does not require further factual development; and 5) whether immediate judicial review would speed enforcement of the relevant act. Univ. of Med. & Dentistry of N.J. v. Corrigan, 347 F.3d 57, 69 (3d Cir. 2003) (citations omitted).
The Court agrees with Philadelphia that the Attorney General has decided to impose the
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which legal consequences will flow. The Attorney General’s decision to impose the conditions
“represents the agency's definitive position on the question,” such that it is now “final” and ripe for
this Court’s review. Corrigan, 347 F.3d at 69; see Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136, 149
(1967).
B. The City’s Challenges under APA Section 706 In reviewing agency action, this Court must use the defined “Scope of Review” contained
in 5 U.S.C. § 706. Section 706 states in relevant part:
To the extent necessary to decision and when presented, the reviewing court shall decide all relevant questions of law, interpret constitutional and statutory provisions, and determine the meaning or applicability of the terms of an agency action. The reviewing court shall—
(2) hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be—
(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; (B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity; or (C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right;
For reasons that will become clearer below, this Court will analyze the City’s claims
pursuant to Section 706 in the following order:
(1) The Attorney General acted in excess of statutory authority;
(2) The Attorney General acted arbitrarily and capriciously; and
(3) The Attorney General acted contrary to the Constitution.
1. Statutory Authority The Attorney General cites to two different statutory provisions as purported authorization
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The first is 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which authorizes the Assistant Attorney General (“AAG”) of OJP to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants” and to “determin[e] priority purposes for formula grants.” The Attorney General claims that this section authorizes all three Challenged Conditions.
The second source of statutory authorization claimed by the Attorney General is 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), which requires JAG Program applicants to include a “certification” that “the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” The Attorney General claims that this section authorizes the Certification Condition.
Below, each of the bases for statutory authority is addressed in turn. a) “Special Conditions” Authorization
The Attorney General claims authority to impose all three of the Challenged Conditions under 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which states in relevant part:
The Assistant Attorney General shall . . . exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.
(1) The Parties’ Contentions The City claims that this provision does not provide any independent basis of authority to the AAG—let alone the Attorney General himself—because the statute states plainly that the AAG is empowered only with that authority conferred by “this chapter” or “by delegation.” The Attorney General contends that the City’s reading would render a portion of the provision superfluous, and therefore, the reading cannot be correct. Instead, the Attorney General reads the provision as a conferral of “broad power,” limited only by the Constitution and jurisdictions’ ability to reject overly demanding obligations.
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(2) Section 10102(a)(6) Does Not Authorize Any Challenged Condition
This Court concludes that reading 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) as a conferral of authority on the Attorney General to impose the Challenged Conditions would require this Court to overlook several impediments.
First, 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6)’s grant of authority to the AAG is located in a different subchapter from the Byrne Program.
Second, the statute does not state that it applies 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) to the rest of the chapter, let alone to the Byrne Program. Chapter 101—in which the JAG Program and 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) both appear—relates to grants for wide-ranging topics such a residential substance abuse treatment and criminal child support enforcement. If 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) were found to apply to the JAG Program, such grants would also be subject to conditions under the Attorney General’s purported “broad power,” an interpretation which, according to the Attorney General, would be limited only by the Constitution and the prospect of state and local jurisdictions rejecting the condition—an apparent toppling of Congress’s appropriations to those programs.
Third, if 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) were to apply to the Byrne Program, it would render superfluous the explicit statutory authority Congress gave to the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance (“BJA”) on other BJA grants. See id. § 10142(B) (“The Director shall have the following duties: . . . Establishing programs . . . [and] awarding and allocating funds . . . on terms and conditions determined by the Director to be consistent with Part B of subchapter V of this chapter”).
Fourth, Congress delegated authority to impose conditions on other grants in the same chapter, and did so clearly. See, e.g., id. § 10446(e)(3) (In the subsection relating to grants for efforts to combat violence against women, it states, “[i]n disbursing grants under this subchapter,
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the Attorney General may impose reasonable conditions on grant awards to ensure that the States meet statutory, regulatory, and other program requirements.”). “Where Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion.” Russello v. U.S., 464 U.S. 16, 23 (1983). What is more, “[w]e do not lightly assume that Congress has omitted from its adopted text requirements that it nonetheless intends to apply, and our reluctance is even greater when Congress has shown elsewhere in the same statute that it knows how to make such a requirement manifest.” Jama v. Immigration & Customs Enf’t, 543 U.S. 335, 341 (2005).
Fifth, Congress is unlikely to ground the Attorney General’s authority to impose substantive conditions in a subsection dedicated to conferring power on the AAG.
Sixth, the term “special conditions” referred to in the subsection––which states that the “powers and functions” vested in the AAG “includ[e] placing special conditions on all grants,” id. § 10153(a)(6)––is a term of art for conditions intended for “high-risk grantees” with difficulty adhering to existing grant requirements. See 28 C.F.R. § 66.12(a) (in effect from Mar. 11, 1988 to Dec. 25, 2014) (listing possible problems as justifying “special conditions,” including that the grantee “[i]s not financially stable”); see also, 7 C.F.R. § 550.10 (defining “special conditions” for the Department of Agriculture); 34 C.F.R. § 80.12 (same for the Department of Education); 45 C.F.R. § 74.14 (same for the Department of Health and Human Services); see also Brief of Amici Curiae ACLU, National Immigrant Justice Center, et al., at 11–13.
Thus, it is clear that § 10102(a)(6) was not intended to confer upon the Attorney General the authority to impose the Challenged Conditions.
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b) “All Other Applicable Federal Laws” Authorization
The Attorney General contends that, independent of the authority conferred to the AAG in
34 U.S.C. § 10102, a separate source of authority supports the Section 1373 Certification
Condition, namely 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), which states:
To request a grant under this part, the chief executive officer of a State or unit of local government shall submit an application to the Attorney General within 120 days after the date on which funds to carry out this part are appropriated for a fiscal year, in such form as the Attorney General may require. Such application shall include the following: [...] (5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that— [...] (D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.
(Emphasis added).
(1) The Parties’ Contentions
The City asserts that while Section 1373 is a Federal law, it is not an applicable Federal
law. While acknowledging that the phrase “applicable Federal laws” is not defined in the statute,
the City states that the most reasonable interpretation is that the phrase refers to Federal laws that
“directly speak to recipients on federal funds.” This interpretation is reinforced, it contends, by
the fact that it is a “residual” term within the longer phrase, “all provisions of this part and all other
applicable Federal laws,” such that the residual term is limited by the qualities of the specific term.
(See 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D)). Thus, the City asserts, the term “all other applicable Federal
laws” should be interpreted as “referring to other federal statutes that, similarly, impose
requirements on federal grantees.”
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the Attorney General’s statutory authorization, the City compares the Byrne statute to other federal statutes in which Congress conferred discretion upon the executive branch to add substantive conditions to federal grants or establish criteria for grant distribution that go beyond the stated text or purpose of the statute. The City also highlights that Congress made delegations of the same kind to the DOJ and Attorney General for other grant programs codified in the same Chapter of Title 34 as the Byrne Program.
Philadelphia also suggests that reading 34 U.S.C. § 10153 to allow the Attorney General to create conditions, such as the Section 1373 Certification Condition, would upend the formula approach that Congress created for distributing Byrne funds based on jurisdictions’ populations and rates of violent crime, because it would permit the Attorney General to substitute his preferred criteria for the express statistical criteria Congress established. The City points to the stated purpose of the JAG Program—to fund local criminal justice agencies to implement programs that, in their view, will assist in criminal justice efforts—in order to emphasize that Congress did not intend to confer discretion in the hands of the Attorney General to impose the Certification Condition.
The City also contends that the legislative history of the Byrne statute and Section 1373 confirm that the Certification Condition exceeds the Attorney General’s authority. Citing the legislative purposes of the Byrne Program’s two predecessor statutes, as well as that of the Byrne Program itself, the City asserts that Congress did not intend to authorize the Attorney General to override the flexible use of funds by state and local governments as they believe best suit their own criminal justice systems. Moreover, the City urges the Court to make a “negative inference” that Congress did not intend for Section 1373 certification to be a requirement for receipt of Byrne funds because Congress has proposed and subsequently rejected provisions in several bills that
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would have tied Section 1373 compliance to eligibility for Byrne funds and other federal grants. Philadelphia also asserts that the Section 1373 Certification Condition departs radically
from the Attorney General’s historical practice because Section 1373 is not substantively “applicable” to the Byrne Program’s focus on strengthening criminal justice systems. The City contends that the Attorney General’s “new interpretation” of the Byrne statute would substantially expand the DOJ’s authority without clear congressional authorization.
Contrary to the City, which views Section 1373 as a Federal law that is not “applicable,” the Attorney General asserts that the term “applicable laws” has been interpreted broadly by federal courts and that the most natural reading of the provision is that “applicable Federal laws” refers to all federal laws that actually apply independently to JAG Program grantees. For example, the Attorney General contends that because all grantees are state and local jurisdictions, “applicable” could mean that the DOJ cannot require those jurisdictions to certify compliance with Federal laws that apply only to private individuals.
The Attorney General also disputes the City’s contention that the imposition of the Section 1373 Certification Condition would run contrary to the JAG Program’s purpose of enabling state and local jurisdictions to use JAG Program funds in furtherance of their own criminal justice prerogatives. According to the Attorney General, because the Certification Condition relates to eligibility to receive funds, rather than directing how a grantee must spend the funds received, it does not contravene Congress’s stated purpose for the JAG Program. In fact, the Attorney General contends, the Section 1373 Certification Condition does even less to mandate a universal approach than, for example, the annual requirement attached to Byrne funds that prohibits the use of award funds to purchase various types of equipment and weapons.
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consistent with the historical discretionary conditions that the DOJ has imposed, such as the equipment and weapons restriction mentioned above and requirements that certain training be completed for law enforcement task forces in jurisdictions that receive Byrne funds.
Lastly, the Attorney General asserts that the City’s citation of various statutes in which Congress delegated to agencies the discretionary power to impose grant conditions shows nothing more than that Congress routinely delegates such power using a variety of textual formulations.
Lastly, the Attorney General cautions the Court not to credit the City’s argument that a “negative inference” can be drawn by Congress’s repeated consideration and rejection of bill provisions that would have tied Byrne and other federal grant eligibility to Section 1373 compliance.
(2) Section 10153(a)(5)(D) May Authorize The Certification Condition
The statutory language is far from unambiguous as it applies to the present case, as it is unclear whether Congress intended to permit the Attorney General to require certification from JAG Program applicants on “Federal laws” in contexts beyond the awarding of federal grants. It is clear that the present case is not guided by the first part of subsection (D), requiring certification of compliance with “all provisions of this part,” as Section 1373 is not contained within the same Part as 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Therefore, whether the Certification Condition falls inside or outside the Attorney General’s Congressionally-delegated authority turns on the phrase, “all other applicable Federal laws.”
This Court agrees with the Court in City of Chicago v. Sessions, insofar as that Court found that “[b]oth positions are plausible.” 2017 WL 4081821, at *7. However, because this Court rests its decision to grant the motion for preliminary injunction on other grounds, it need not conclude at this time whether the Attorney General acted outside his delegated authority. It
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suffices to say that the question is a “close call.” 2. Arbitrary and Capricious
The APA requires this Court to “hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A). In many cases, an agency’s findings and conclusions are well-documented as part of formal rulemaking, notice-and-comment requirements, and associated hearings. However, as mentioned above, none of those procedures are required here, because the City is challenging grant conditions.
a) The Parties’ Contentions The City claims that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions was arbitrary and capricious. First, it contends that the DOJ deviated from its prior practice of granting Byrne funds without any requirements of this type and without any sound reason or explanation. Second, it claims that the DOJ failed to rely on reasoned decision-making in reaching its decision to impose the Challenged Conditions. Third, the City contends that the justifications offered by the Attorney General in public statements run counter to the testimonials provided by several jurisdictions evidencing that the policies promote rather than detract from effective policing. Lastly, the City criticizes the DOJ for failing to release reports, studies, or analysis in support of the Challenged Conditions. The Attorney General asserts that the City’s claims that the DOJ acted in an “arbitrary and capricious” manner are likely to fail because the standard for review is unexacting and the connection between criminal justice funding and the Challenged Conditions is apparent under DOJ’s “common-sense rationale.” Because, the Attorney General contends, federal immigration enforcement undoubtedly intersects with criminal justice, conditioning Byrne funding on
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compliance with Section 1373 passes the low standard of review applied to claims of arbitrary and capricious agency action. Moreover, the Attorney General asserts that the Inspector General report finding deteriorating local cooperation with “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States,” (ECF 1-10, at 1-2 n. 1), justifies the Certification Condition.
An agency’s departure from prior practice can serve as a basis for finding an agency’s interpretation to be arbitrary and capricious, so long as the change in policy constitutes an “unexplained inconsistency.” Nat’l Cable & Telecomms. Ass’n v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967, 981 (2005); see also Motor Vehicles Mfrs. Ass’n v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 42–43; Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro, 136 S. Ct. 2117 (2016); FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 515 (2009). However, where Courts found that an agency’s policy shift were found to constitute an “unexplained inconsistency,” the agencies had an explicit rule in place, only to later issue the opposite rule with limited or no explanation. See, e.g., Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2123 (Department of Labor reversed its rule that service advisors at automobile dealers were exempt from overtime payments under the Fair Labor Standards Act, but “gave little explanation for its decision”); Motor Vehicles, 463 U.S. at 35 (“Briefly summarized, we hold that the agency failed to present an adequate basis and explanation for rescinding the passive restraint requirement and that the agency must either consider the matter further or adhere to or amend [the rule] along lines which its analysis supports.”). Importantly, an agency “need not demonstrate to a court’s satisfaction that the reasons for the new policy are better than the reasons for the old one . . . it suffices that the new policy is permissible under the statute . . . .” FCC, 556 U.S. at 515.
Nonetheless, “an agency must give adequate reasons for its decisions.” Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125. An agency “must examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for
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its action including rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S. at 43. An agency’s action is not considered the result of “reasoned decision-making” when the agency:
1. “has relied on factors which Congress has not intended it to consider,” 2. “entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem,” 3. “offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before
the agency, or” 4. Provides a justification that “is so implausible that it could not be ascribed to a
difference in view or the product of agency expertise.” Id. (emphasis added).
Notably, a claim based on the “arbitrary and capricious” standard is accorded a “narrow standard of review” under which “a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the agency.” FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 513–14 (2009).
The Attorney General points to three public explanations to demonstrate that the DOJ articulated “adequate reasons for its decisions” to impose the three conditions.
First, the DOJ issued a “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements” on July 25, 2017. (ECF 1, Ex. 1).
Second, the Attorney General issued a press release, also on July 25, 2017. See DOJ Press Release No. 17-826.
Third, the Attorney General points to a May, 2016 memorandum, discussed previously, in which the Office of the Inspector General presents findings to DOJ on local and state compliance with Section 1373.
As demonstrated below, the three items that the Attorney General cites as evincing “adequate reasons for [DOJ’s] decisions,” Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125, do not “articulate a satisfactory explanation for [DOJ’s] action.” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S. at 43.
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b) The “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements”
The Backgrounder explained that the new conditions have a “goal of increasing
information sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement” so that “federal
immigration authorities have the information they need to enforce the law and keep our
communities safe.” (ECF 1, Exh. 1). The Backgrounder continued:
These common-sense measures will improve the flow of information between federal, state, and local law enforcement, and help keep our communities safe. Every year, the Department of Justice awards billions of dollars in grants to state and local jurisdictions across the United States. Unfortunately, some of these jurisdictions have adopted policies and regulations that frustrate the enforcement of federal immigration law, including by refusing to cooperate with federal immigration authorities in information sharing about illegal aliens who commit crimes.
These measures will also prevent the counterproductive use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement. By refusing to communicate with the federal officials, these jurisdictions jeopardize the safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce crime and violence.
The Backgrounder demonstrates DOJ’s concerns with:
1. jurisdictions that “refus[e] to cooperate with federal immigration authorities in information sharing about illegal aliens who commit crimes,”
2. the “use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement,” and
3. “jurisdictions [that] jeopardize the safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce crime and violence.”
These are reasonable goals, and, to the extent authorized by statute and the Constitution,
the Attorney General may impose conditions on grant money based on these goals so long as there
is a “rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S.
at 43. However, certifying compliance with Section 1373 does not have a rational connection
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with these goals. With respect to the first concern of the Backgrounder—reducing or eliminating the flow of
Byrne funds to jurisdictions that do not share information about illegal aliens who commit crimes—Section 1373 is far too broad. By its plain language, Section 1373 is not limited to illegal aliens who commit crimes.
Section 1373(a), for example, states that a “local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, [INS] information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.” (Emphasis added). Thus, it explicitly encompasses United States citizens as well as immigrants with lawful status.
Section 1373(b) suffers the same inadequacy by referencing “lawful” immigrants, stating that “no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual: Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, [INS] . . . .”
Section 1373(c) does not obligate state and local jurisdictions to perform any task. Instead it directs its focus at INS itself, stating that “INS shall respond to an inquiry by [agencies] seeking to verify or ascertain the citizenship or immigration status of any individual . . . .” Therefore, when a state or city like Philadelphia certifies compliance with Section 1373, they functionally only certify compliance with 1373(a) and (b), which, as mentioned above, are far too broadly drawn to find their justification in information-sharing regarding illegal immigrants who commit crimes.
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accomplished by the Certification Condition. If DOJ were to impose a condition prohibiting the “use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement,” that would be an example of a rule geared towards that end. However, the Attorney General’s Certification condition does not restrict the use of Byrne funds based on whether the funds are used to frustrate the ends of federal immigration enforcement. Instead, practically speaking, the Certification Condition prevents the flow of Byrne funds to jurisdictions that the DOJ deems to be non-compliant with Section 1373, which, as mentioned above, includes immigration status information about United States citizens. And at the risk of stating the obvious, United States citizens are not subject to federal immigration enforcement. It would strain credulity—and the “arbitrary and capricious” standard—if this Court were to find that the Certification Condition furthers DOJ’s goal of prohibiting “use of federal funds for policies that frustrate federal immigration enforcement.” For example, if the Certification Condition is imposed, the City will not be able to obtain funding for naloxone to treat opioid overdoses. This alone demonstrates that the Certification condition is geared not towards the use of Byrne funds, but rather the user of Byrne funds.
The third concern expressed in the DOJ’s Backgrounder is that, through lack of cooperation with federal immigration authorities, “jurisdictions jeopardize the safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce crime and violence.” However, DOJ has not anywhere asserted that there is a link between localities maintaining as confidential the immigration status of non-criminal aliens or citizens and increases in crime and violence. If anything, Philadelphia has demonstrated through testimony that the policies it has implemented encourage immigrants to seek medical services that prevent the spread of communicable diseases, report crime, and apprehend criminal suspects who may recidivate and
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harm other residents. Philadelphia has also demonstrated that those who commit crime in the
City are not given “sanctuary” by virtue of their immigration status. In light of the evidence that
Philadelphia has presented, and the lack of any contrary evidence cited by the Attorney General,
this Court cannot find a link between, on one hand, imposing the Certification Condition, and on
the other hand, “protect[ing] the public and reduc[ing] crime and violence.”
In summary, no objective discussed in the Backgrounder justifies the Certification
Condition.
c) The July 25, 2017 Press Release
Next, this Court considers the Attorney General’s second source in seeking to demonstrate
that the DOJ articulated “adequate reasons for its decisions” to impose the three conditions. See
DOJ Press Release No. 17-826. The release stated that the new conditions were aimed at
“increas[ing] information sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement,” as well as
“ensuring that federal immigration authorities have the information they need to enforce
immigration laws and keep our communities safe.” It continued:
So-called “sanctuary' policies make all of us less safe because they intentionally undermine our laws and protect illegal aliens who have committed crimes,” Attorney General Jeff Sessions said. “These policies also encourage illegal immigration and even human trafficking by perpetuating the lie that in certain cities, illegal aliens can live outside the law. This can have tragic consequences, like the 10 deaths we saw in San Antonio this weekend. As part of accomplishing the Department of Justice's top priority of reducing violent crime, we must encourage these 'sanctuary' jurisdictions to change their policies and partner with federal law enforcement to remove criminals. From now on, the Department will only provide Byrne JAG grants to cities and states that comply with federal law, allow federal immigration access to detention facilities, and provide 48 hours notice [sic] before they release an illegal alien wanted by federal authorities. This is consistent with long-established cooperative principles among law enforcement agencies. This is what the American people should be able to expect from their cities and states, and these long overdue requirements will help us take
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down MS-13 and other violent transnational gangs, and make our country safer.
Id. The Press Release thus makes the following claims, without any support whatsoever:
1. “Sanctuary policies” make “all of us less safe,” 2. “Sanctuary policies” “protect illegal aliens who have committed crimes,” 3. “Sanctuary policies” “encourage illegal immigration” and “human trafficking,” 4. “Sanctuary policies” “perpetuat[e] the lie that in certain cities, illegal aliens can
live outside the law,” 5. “Sanctuary policies” led to “the 10 deaths we saw in San Antonio,” [apparently
referring to the then-recent deaths of ten Mexican and Guatemalan nationals who attempted to illegally cross the border in the back of a poorly ventilated tractor-trailer] 6. “Encourag[ing] these “sanctuary jurisdictions” to change their policies” is “part of the [DOJ’s] top priority of reducing violence crime,” 7. The Challenged Conditions are “consistent with long-established cooperative principles among law enforcement agencies,” 8. The Challenged Conditions “will help us take down MS-13 and other violent transnational gangs,” and, 9. The Challenged Conditions “make our country safer.”
Claims 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 all parrot the third “concern” in the Backgrounder, i.e., that,
through lack of cooperation with federal immigration authorities, “jurisdictions jeopardize the
safety of their residents and undermine the Department’s ability to protect the public and reduce
crime and violence.” Backgrounder at 1. However, as explained in the prior discussion about
that concern, DOJ has not anywhere demonstrated a link between localities maintaining as
confidential the immigration status of non-criminal aliens or citizens and increases in crime and
violence, let alone “illegal immigration” and “human trafficking.” See Claim #3. Nonetheless,
Section 1373 prohibits cities from protecting immigration status, including as it pertains to lawful
immigrants and citizens.
Claims 2 and 4 are factually untrue in Philadelphia: the City’s policies do not protect illegal
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aliens who commit crimes. Criminal aliens are not shielded from criminal prosecution or from federal immigration authorities.
While true in the most abstract sense, Claim 7 is untrue in this particular circumstance. “[S]ince 1996, the United States government has never sought to enforce [Section 1373] against a state or local government,” and neither the DOJ nor any other agency has made compliance with Section 1373 a requirement of receiving a federal grant. Elizabeth M. McCormick, Federal Anti-Sanctuary Law: A Failed Approach to Immigration Enforcement and a Poor Substitute for Real Reform, 20 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 165, 170 (2016). Even if the Certification condition were considered “consistent with” principles of cooperation between agencies, DOJ lacks the requisite “adequate reasons” vis-à-vis this particular condition.
d) The 2016 OIG Report Third, the Attorney General seeks to justify the Certification Condition based on a memorandum from May, 2016, in which the OIG presents findings to DOJ on compliance with Section 1373 from local and state jurisdictions. That report, in summary, advised that local cooperation had “deteriorated” with respect to “efforts to remove undocumented criminal aliens from the United States,” and proposed––among other ideas––that the DOJ “provide clear guidance to grant recipients regarding whether Section 1373 is an ‘applicable federal law’ that recipients would be expected to comply with in order to satisfy relevant grant rules and regulations.” (ECF 1, Ex. 10). Notably, the memorandum did not purport to assess the wisdom of such a proposal and its effect on immigration policy or criminal justice; instead, the memorandum’s scope was limited to assessing whether jurisdictions that received grant awards were in fact complying with Section 1373. The Attorney General cannot justify the Certification on a tautology; a report concluding that many jurisdictions are not
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complying with Section 1373 does not justify imposing a condition requiring those jurisdictions to certify compliance with Section 1373. Because the OIG memorandum did not assess the benefits or drawbacks of imposing a condition, but instead merely assessed whether jurisdictions would be compliant were such a condition imposed, the memorandum does not justify the imposition of the Certification Condition.
Therefore, DOJ has failed to “give adequate reasons for its decisions,” Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125, by “examin[ing] the relevant data and articulat[ing] a satisfactory explanation for its action including rational connection between the facts found and the choice made,” Motor Vehicle, 463 U.S. at 43. DOJ also “entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem” by failing to recognize how Section 1373 interferes with local policies that promote public health and safety, and “offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before the agency.” Id. Its justifications cannot “be ascribed to a difference in view or the product of agency expertise.” Id. In sum, this Court concludes that the Certification Condition is arbitrary and capricious under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A).
3. Constitutionality of Conditions The APA also requires this Court to “hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(B). As further discussed below, Philadelphia asserts that the grant conditions imposed by the Attorney General violate principles of Federalism and the Separation of Powers, and more specifically, the Spending Clause and the Tenth Amendment. One aspect of the City’s Spending Clause challenge is based on the purported lack of “relatedness” between the Challenged Conditions and the JAG Program, as the Challenged Conditions pertain to Federal civil immigration enforcement and the JAG Program pertains to
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 72 of 132 local criminal justice enforcement. In assessing this “relatedness” challenge, this Court is mindful of the many ways in which the areas of immigration law and criminal law intersect, addressed below.
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XII. The Intersection between Criminal Law and Immigration Law Public discourse about aliens and crime takes many forms, including fact, fear, and
hyperbole. All governments (federal, state and local), have a legitimate interest in arresting and prosecuting those aliens (and all others) who commit crimes. A crucial theme running through federal law, and this case, is the bright line drawn between aliens who commit crimes and those aliens who live here as law abiding in all respects.
Arizona v. U.S. is a major case which has led this Court to several legal conclusions. Arizona addressed the constitutional validity of pieces of an Arizona state law, S.B. 1070. Specifically, the Court reviewed two provisions that imposed criminal liability on the violation of particular federal immigration laws, and two provisions that expanded local investigative authority over immigration law compliance. Arizona, 567 U.S. 387, 393-94 (2012).
The federal government filed suit against the state of Arizona seeking to enjoin the state law as preempted by federal law. Ultimately, the Court held that three provisions were preempted, but one provision was not preempted. Id. at 400-415.
Congress has exclusive power to enact immigration laws. Federal law provides for the removal of noncitizens within U.S. borders who are determined to be “deportable” as defined by statute, and of noncitizens apprehended at the border who are determined to be “inadmissible.”11 A formal determination of whether an individual is deportable or inadmissible is made by an Immigration Judge at a removal proceeding, which is a civil, not criminal, proceeding and must adhere to legal procedures set out by statute.
Arizona clarified that “[a]s a general rule, it is not a crime for a removable alien to remain
11 A noncitizen who is apprehended within U.S. borders may also be determined to be inadmissible. Such an individual will not be subject to removal as a consequence of this finding, but will be barred from reentering the country if she leaves voluntarily, and will be barred from adjusting her immigration status while she remains in the U.S. This is addressed below.
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present in the United States.” Id. at 407 (citing INS v. Lopez-Mendoza, 468 U.S. 1032, 1038 (1984)).
The grounds for deportability and inadmissibility are defined by statute. They are numerous. Involvement in criminal activity is the most common ground. Unlawful presence in the United States is another. Practically, though, the statutory framework is just the beginning. In practice, for decades, the federal government has pursued only limited aspects of the far-ranging grounds for removal. The Court in Arizona stated, “Discretion in the enforcement of immigration law embraces immediate human concerns. Unauthorized workers trying to support their families, for example, likely pose less danger than alien smugglers or aliens who commit a serious crime.” Id. at 396.
The broad statutory bases for removal are reviewed below, with a particular focus on criminal grounds for removal. This is followed by a review of changing federal immigration policy priorities over time, which has dictated the particularized enforcement regime that has emerged.
A. Lawfully Present versus Unlawfully Present Noncitizens As an initial matter, noncitizens living in the United States fall into one of two categories: those who are present lawfully, and those who are present unlawfully. Lawful presence turns on the formal permission of the federal government. This permission comes in many forms. Lawful permanent residents (“LPRs”), also known as Green Card holders for the documentation associated with LPR status,12 are broadly permitted to live
12 There are several bases of eligibility for obtaining a green card: through a U.S. citizen family member; through employment, a category reserved for skilled workers and other special professionals; pursuant to membership in certain categories of immigrants, including religious workers, members of the international media, and abused and neglected children; through a former grant of asylum or refugee status; through a former award of a visa due to an individual’s identity as a human trafficking victim or a crime victim; through one’s identity as a victim of abuse, according to certain standards; and through an additional handful of very specific bases for eligibility. USCIS, Green
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and work in the U.S. indefinitely, and are permitted to freely travel across U.S. borders.13 USCIS,
Green Card, USCIS, https://www.uscis.gov/greencard. Visa holders are a second category of
lawfully present noncitizens. Visa holders live legally in the United States pursuant to the terms
of their particular visa, which variously impose different restrictions related to travel and
employment, and provide for varying lengths of legal residence.14 Noncitizens who have been
granted refugee or asylum status, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §§ 1157–58, are two additional classes of
noncitizens present lawfully in the United States.
Noncitizens who have no grant of permission to live in the United States are present
unlawfully. More specifically, those who have entered the United States without inspection by
immigration officials and without authorization are present unlawfully and can be prosecuted
criminally.15 However, the Supreme Court has specifically held that noncitizens who remain in
the United States beyond the expiration of their visa (“visa over-stayers”) have not committed any
crime.16 Arizona v. U.S., 567 U.S. 387, 407 (2012). However, these individuals are nonetheless
present in the U.S. unlawfully. Thus, under existing laws they are technically both deportable and
Card Eligibility Categories, https://www.uscis.gov/greencard/eligibility-categories. 13 If an LPR travels abroad for longer than one full year, she must obtain a reentry permit. USCIS, After a Green Card is Granted, https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/after-green-card-granted#Reminders. 14 8 U.S.C. § 1153 sets out rules for the allocation of three types of visas: visas for family members of U.S. citizens and LPRs; employment-based visas; and diversity visas, which are reserved for immigrants from countries with historically low rates of immigration to the United States. Within each of these general categories there are several subtypes of visas. For example, there are several different type of employment-based visas available divided among five different categories of preference depending on an individual’s skill and training in their field of employment. U.S. Department of State-Bureau of Consular Affairs, Employment-Based Immigration Visa, https://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/immigrate/employment.html. 15 Inspection upon entry to the United States is required under 8 U.S.C. § 1225. Entry into the United States through the mandated inspection procedures with the use of fraudulent immigration documents or by making any other misrepresentations is also unlawful, and any noncitizen who enters this way will then be present in the U.S. unlawfully, and subject to criminal prosecution. 18 U.S.C. §§ 1324c, 1325, 1546. 16 Notably, 8 U.S.C. § 1253 makes it a criminal act for any deportable noncitizen against whom a final order of removal is outstanding to remain in the United States by refusing to leave, failing to obtain the documents necessary to do so, failing to present himself for removal at the time and place ordered by the Attorney General, or to take any action to prevent his or her departure. It is not a criminal act, however, for a technically removable noncitizen who is not subject to a final order of removal to remain in the United States. As discussed, infra, before such an order becomes final there are several opportunities to appeal.
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inadmissible and are therefore removable from the country. A crucial issue, ignored by much discussion of immigration policy, past, present and
future, is whether a non-citizen has committed specific types of crimes. If so, consistent Executive branch practice for decades has focused on removal of people who are “criminal aliens.” The very few who are not criminal aliens but subject to removal in practice turns on many additional factors that go beyond mere unlawful presence. These factors are important in determining some of the issues in this case.
“Federalism, central to the constitutional design, adopts the principle that both the National and State Governments have elements of sovereignty the other is bound to respect.” Arizona v. U.S., 567 U.S. at 398.
B. Removal: Deportability (8 U.S.C. § 1227) versus Inadmissibility (8 U.S.C. § 1182)
1. Overview Noncitizens can only be subject to removal following a finding of deportability or inadmissibility by an Immigration Judge in a formal proceeding known as a removal proceeding. 8 U.S.C. § 1227 sets out classes of deportable noncitizens, while 8 U.S.C. § 1182 sets out classes of inadmissible noncitizens. Removal proceedings may properly be brought against any noncitizen who is deportable or inadmissible on any basis set out in § 1227 and § 1182; this includes any noncitizen whose mere presence in, or entry into, the United States is unlawful. §§ 1227(a)(1), 1182(a)(6). Congress recognized the significance of criminal convictions: Section 1229(d)(1), makes clear that in the case of a noncitizen who is deportable by virtue of a conviction, “the Attorney General shall begin any removal proceeding as expeditiously as possible after the date of the conviction.”
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2. Detention pending removal proceedings – criminal aliens A noncitizen may be arrested and detained “[o]n a warrant issued by the Attorney General…pending a decision on whether the alien is to be removed from the United States.” § 1226(a). There are statutory rules regarding detention pending removal proceedings. The Attorney General may choose to detain a noncitizen pending proceedings, or “may release” her on a bond of at least $1,500 or on “conditional parole.” § 1226(a)(1)-(3). There are special rules for the detention, pending removal proceedings, of noncitizens who are deportable or inadmissible on criminal grounds. The Attorney General is required to detain any noncitizen who is inadmissible pursuant to § 1182(a)(2) (criminal grounds of inadmissibility, see infra) or § 1182(a)(3)(B) (terrorism grounds of inadmissibility), or who is deportable pursuant to § 1227(a)(2)(A)(ii)-(iii), (B), (C), (D), (4)(B), or under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(i) on the basis of an offense for which she was sentenced to imprisonment of at least one year (this includes most but not all criminal and national security grounds of deportability, see infra, 1226(c). The Attorney General may only release such an individual pending a removal decision if release is necessary to protect a witness to, or someone cooperating in the investigation of, major criminal activity. § 1226(c)(2); but see, Diop v. ICE/Homeland Sec., 656 F.3d 221, 223 (3d Cir. 2011) (1226(c) “authorizes only detention for a reasonable period of time,” after which due process “requires that the Government establish that continued detention is necessary to further the purposes of the detention statute.”)
3. Removal proceedings 8 U.S.C. § 1229 sets out the procedures attendant to the initiation of removal proceedings in immigration court; § 1229a sets out the rules governing these proceedings. An Immigration Judge presides over removal proceedings and determines whether a noncitizen is removable. §
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1229a(a)(1), (c)(1)(A). There are varying standards for these proceedings. When a noncitizen is subject to removal proceedings to determine deportability, the burden rests with the government to establish by clear and convincing evidence that she is deportable. § 1229a(c)(3)(A). A finding of deportability can only be sustained on the basis of reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence. Id. A noncitizen being put through removal proceedings may argue that she is entitled to various forms of relief from removal, and faces the burden of proof in establishing her eligibility for such relief (and in the case of discretionary relief, that she merits a favorable finding). § 1229a(c)(4)(A). The decision of the Immigration Judge can be followed by an appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), and then to a Circuit Court of Appeals. This process can delay any final decision for a lengthy period of time; several years is not unusual.
4. Consequences of Deportability and Inadmissibility Upon a finding of deportability, and assuming any appeal is rejected, a noncitizen will then be subject to an order of removal. 8 U.S.C. § 1231. Upon a finding of inadmissibility in the case of apprehension at the border, a noncitizen will be denied entry and likewise subject to an order of removal. Id. When a noncitizen is ordered removed due to a finding of deportability or inadmissibility, “the Attorney General shall remove the alien from the United States within a period of 90 days,” and “[d]uring the removal period, the Attorney General shall detain the alien.” § 1231(1)-(2). As elucidated in § 1182, consequences of a finding of inadmissibility for a noncitizen who is apprehended within the U.S. include the automatic denial of any application to change one’s immigration status (e.g. an application for a Green Card, an application for a visa, or an application for citizenship). C. Criminal Grounds of Deportability and Inadmissibility Certain criminal convictions and involvement in other specified criminal activity are bases
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for deportability and inadmissibility, as specified in § 1227(a)(2), and § 1182(a)(2), respectively. In this context a “conviction” is defined in two ways, either of which is sufficient to
establish a conviction for the purposes of this statutory scheme: (1) “a formal judgment of guilt entered by a court”; or (2) when adjudication of guilt has been withheld, but both of the following conditions are satisfied: (i) a judge or jury has found the noncitizen guilty or the noncitizen has entered a plea of guilty, a plea of nolo contendere, or has admitted sufficient facts to warrant a finding of guilt; (ii) and the judge has ordered some form of punishment, penalty, or restraint on the noncitizen’s liberty to be imposed. 8 U.S.C § 1101(a)(48)(A).
1. § 1227(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Deportability 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2) sets out criminal grounds of deportability, most of which hinge on criminal convictions. When § 1227(a)(2) refers to noncitizens, it refers both to lawfully and unlawfully present noncitizens. LPR’s and visa holders who engage in criminal conduct face the same removal consequences as unlawfully present non-citizens who engage in criminal conduct. Lawful presence as an LPR or visa holder does not insulate non-citizens from being subject to removal on the basis of criminal involvement.
a) Crimes Involving Moral Turpitude (“CIMT”) Under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(i) a noncitizen who is convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude (“CIMT”) punishable by a sentence of imprisonment of one year or longer, within five years of her admission to the United States, is deportable.17 Under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(ii) any noncitizen who is convicted of two CIMTs at any time after her admission to the U.S. is deportable. The concept of CIMT has no statutory definition; it is shaped through case law.
17 For noncitizens who receive Lawful Permanent Resident status pursuant to U.S.C. § 1255(j)—which is reserved for individuals who provide material information to law enforcement that substantially contributes to the success of criminal or terrorism investigation or prosecution—the time frame during which one CIMT conviction will lead to deportability is extended to ten years.
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Courts look to the “elements of the statutory state offense, not to the specific facts,” to determine whether the conviction at issue constitutes a CIMT. Knapik v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 84, 88 (3d Cir. 2004) (quoting Wilson v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 377, 381–82 (3d. Cir. 2003). In reviewing the statute the court should credit “the least culpable conduct necessary to sustain a conviction under the statute.” Id. (citing Matter of Marchena, 12 I. & N. Dec. 355, 357, 1967 WL 14033 (BIA 1967)). Only where a statute is “divisible,” that is, it covers both conduct involving moral turpitude, and conduct that does not, does the court refer to the record, “to determine whether the alien was convicted under that part of the statute defining a crime involving moral turpitude.” Partyka, 417 F.3d at 411; see, e.g. Rodriguez-Castro v. Gonzales, 427 F.3d 316, 320 (5th Cir. 2005)
CIMTs involve conduct that is “inherently base, vile, or depraved” and which is done with a criminal intent. See Marmolejo-Campos v. Holder, 558 F.3d 903, 910 (9th Cir. 2009) (“In a series of published decisions, the BIA has set forth its general understanding that a ‘crime involving moral turpitude’ involves ‘conduct that shocks the public conscience as being inherently base, vile, or depraved, contrary to the rules of morality and the duties owed between man and man, either one's fellow man or society in general.’”) (quoting In re Perez–Contreras, 20 I. & N. Dec. 615, 618 (B.I.A.1992)); Partyka, 417 F.3d at 414 (“[T]he hallmark of moral turpitude is a reprehensible act committed with an appreciable level of consciousness or deliberation.”); see also, Sotinakau v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 731, 736 (4th Cir. 2017) (“To involve moral turpitude, a crime requires two essential elements: a culpable mental state and reprehensible conduct.”) (quoting In re Ortega–Lopez, 26 I. & N. Dec. 99, 100 (BIA 2013)).
Criminal statutes that provide for a conviction based on proof of criminal negligence and strict liability crimes are therefore typically found not to fall into the CIMT category due to the
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absence of a criminal intent. See In re Perez–Contreras, 20 I. & N. Dec. at 619; Sotnikau, 846 F.3d at 738; but see, Mehboob v. Attorney General of U.S., 549 F.3d 272, 277 (3d Cir. 2008) (“we hold that the absence of mens rea as to a specific element of a crime does not necessarily preclude a finding that a strict liability sex offense involves moral turpitude.”). Recklessness crimes can be considered CIMTs, but typically only “if certain statutory aggravating factors are present,” such as a required showing of a “conscious[] disregard[] [of] a substantial risk of serious harm or death to another.” Knapik, 384 F.3d at 90. Essentially all specific intent crimes are considered CIMTs.
b) Aggravated Felonies Under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) any noncitizen convicted of an “aggravated felony” at any time after admission is deportable. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43) defines aggravated felony in list format and includes the following specific crimes and categories of crimes: murder; rape; sexual abuse of a minor; drug trafficking (one sale conviction counts as an aggravated felony under this category); firearms trafficking; theft or burglary with an imposed sentence of one year imprisonment or more (e.g. robbery, grand larceny, etc.); a crime of violence with an imposed sentence of one year imprisonment or more (e.g. assault, aggravated harassment, etc.); fraud or deceit in which more than $10,000 was involved (i.e. grand larceny, trademark counterfeiting, etc.); bail jumping; arson; child pornography felonies; and the attempt or conspiracy to commit any of the named offenses.
c) Other offenses There are several other criminal offenses that trigger deportability. Controlled substance offenses constitute one major category. One conviction for a controlled substance offense, with the exception of an individual’s first conviction for the possession of less than 30 grams of
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marijuana, renders a noncitizen deportable. 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i).18 Firearms offenses make up another expansive category. One conviction of any firearms offense, broadly defined (e.g. sale, purchase, possession, etc.), triggers deportability. 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(C). § 1227(a)(2)(D) designates national security related criminal offenses, one conviction of any of which triggers deportability. Under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(v) a noncitizen who is convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 2250, which sets out the laws regarding sex offender registration and notification, is deportable. Under § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iv) a noncitizen who is convicted of 18 U.S.C. § 758, which criminalizes high speed flight from an immigration checkpoint, is deportable.
Some of the categories of offenses which trigger deportability include conduct that is not necessarily linked to a conviction. § 1227(a)(2)(F) makes deportable any noncitizen who is described in 8 § U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)(H), which defines “significant traffickers in persons.” A criminal conviction is not required, however, for a person to fall within that category; rather, it leaves the determination up to federal officials. There is also an expansive category of domestic violence conduct that triggers deportability, and a conviction is not required in the case of an order of protection violation.19
2. § 1182(a)(2) Sets out Criminal Grounds of Inadmissibility § 1182(a)(2) designates “criminal and related grounds” of inadmissibility. The criminal bases that trigger inadmissibility are quite similar to those triggering deportability, however the bar is often much lower with regard to criminal conduct. A conviction is most often not required
18 Notably, § 1227(a)(2)(B)(ii) designates that any noncitizen “who is, or at any time after admission has been, a drug abuser or addict is deportable”; this section is unique in that it does not require a criminal conviction, but rather imposes deportability based on an apparently subjective determination of an individual’s conduct or status. 19 One conviction for a crime of domestic violence, as defined in 8 U.S.C. § 16; stalking; or a crime against a child renders a noncitizen deportable. 1227(a)(2)(E)(i). Under § 1227(a)(2)(E)(ii)a noncitizen who a “court determines” violates a protection order by engaging in credible threats of violence, repeated harassment, or bodily injury to the person protected under the order, is deportable. This section does not require a conviction but rather turns on the vague concept of a court’s “determination.”
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in this context.20 Additionally, there are some criminal bases for inadmissibility that extend beyond the subject matter of those which trigger deportability.21
D. The Relevance of Padilla and Galarza 1. Padilla v. Kentucky
Under Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010), which held that defense counsel has a duty to advise criminal defendants of potential immigration consequences to a guilty plea pursuant to the Sixth Amendment guarantee of effective assistance of counsel, the court undertook a brief historical review of the interaction between immigration law and criminal law in the U.S. The Court recounted the steadily increasing weight of immigration consequences as a result of criminal convictions over time. The Court observed that “changes to our immigration law have dramatically raised the stakes of a noncitizen’s criminal conviction,” such that “as a matter of federal law, deportation is an integral part—indeed, sometimes the most important part—of the penalty that may be imposed on noncitizen defendants who plead guilty to specified crimes.” Id. at 364. As a practical matter the Court noted that “[u]nder contemporary law, if a noncitizen has committed a removable offense…his removal is practically inevitable.” Id. at 363-64.
Despite the Court’s apparent view that deportation as the result of a criminal conviction is in many practical ways absorbed within the realm of criminal punishment, the opinion does highlight the technical distinction between the civil process of removal proceedings, and the criminal process: “[w]e have long recognized that deportation is a particularly severe penalty, but it is not, in a strict sense, a criminal sanction. Although removal proceedings are civil in nature,
20 Under § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(I), for example, any noncitizen who is convicted of, or admits to committing the essential elements of, a CIMT or an attempt or conspiracy to commit a CIMT, is inadmissible. The same standard applies to controlled substance offenses, and drug and human trafficking. §§ 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(II), (a)(2)(C), (a)(2)(H). 21 For example, any noncitizen who is involved in prostitution or money laundering, or is attempting to enter the United States to engage in any such conduct, is inadmissible. §§ 1182(a)(2)(D), (a)(2)(I).
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deportation is nevertheless intimately related to the criminal process.” Id. at 365 (internal citation and quotation omitted). This entanglement led the Court to the conclusion that classifying deportation as collateral to the criminal process and to decisions about pleading guilty would be unhelpful and impractical. Ultimately, the Court concluded that “advice regarding deportation is not categorically removed from the ambit of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel.” Id. at 366. As such, in order to satisfy the demands of the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of competent counsel, defense counsel must inform noncitizen clients that deportation will result from a particular plea when the law is clear on that point, and when the law is less straightforward, advise noncitizen clients of a generalized risk of adverse immigration consequences resulting from the criminal charges. Id. at 369. The differing standards reflect the Court’s recognition of the complexities of immigration law, a field which merits professional specialization, and the limitations of any one criminal defense lawyer. Id. at 369.
The Court observes that while deportation as a consequence of a criminal conviction is a civil penalty subject to a civil process technically distinct from the criminal process, it is so “intimately related” to the criminal process that it is “uniquely difficult to classify as either a direct or a collateral consequence.” Id., 559 U.S. at 366.
The federal government’s choice to pursue deportation on the basis of local criminal justice outcomes is something that cities and localities have no control over and presumably no input in. The Philadelphia policies at issue here do not interfere with the federal government’s legal ability to deport individuals convicted of serious crimes.
2. Galarza v. Szalczyk A recent Third Circuit case considered whether Department of Homeland Security regulations at 8 C.F.R. 287.7 governing immigration detainers imposed legally binding obligations
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on states and localities. See Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014). Regulations
allow immigration authorities to notify other law enforcement agencies if DHS seeks custody of
the individual and set parameters on a state or municipality keeping the individual in custody after
a potential release date:
(a) Detainers in general. Detainers are issued pursuant to sections 236 and 287 of the Act and this chapter 1. Any authorized immigration officer may at any time issue a Form I–247, Immigration Detainer–Notice of Action, to any other Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency. A detainer serves to advise another law enforcement agency that the Department seeks custody of an alien presently in the custody of that agency, for the purpose of arresting and removing the alien. The detainer is a request that such agency advise the Department, prior to release of the alien, in order for the Department to arrange to assume custody, in situations when gaining immediate physical custody is either impracticable or impossible….
(d) Temporary detention at Department request. Upon a determination by the Department to issue a detainer for an alien not otherwise detained by a criminal justice agency, such agency shall maintain custody of the alien for a period not to exceed 48 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays in order to permit assumption of custody by the Department.
8 C.F.R. § 287.7.
In Galarza, police in Allentown, Pennsylvania arrested a New Jersey-born man of Puerto
Rican descent on a drug charge and had him transported to Lehigh County Prison. An Allentown
detective notified ICE, which filed a detainer. Despite repeatedly protesting that he was born in
the United States—and posting bail—Galarza was held in the Lehigh County Prison for several
days pursuant to the detainer before being released. The district court dismissed Galarza’s claim
against Lehigh County Prison on the grounds that the prison was legally required to hold Galarza
pursuant to the detainer. 745 F.3d at 638.
The Third Circuit reversed, holding that “immigration detainers do not and cannot compel
a state or local law enforcement agency to detain suspected aliens subject to removal.” Id. at 636.
The panel construed the language in 8 C.F.R. § 287.7(a) “generally defin[ing] a detainer as a
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‘request’” and the title of 287.7(d), “Temporary detention at Department request,” to mean that detainers were not mandatory. Id. at 639-40. In the Third Circuit’s view, a contrary reading would also raise serious federalism concerns: “reading § 287.7 to mean that a federal detainer filed with a state or local [law enforcement agency] is a command to detain an individual on behalf of the federal government, would violate the anti-commandeering doctrine of the Tenth Amendment.” Id. at 644.
E. ICE Programming and Enforcement Priorities Tasked with carrying out U.S. immigration law, DHS and ICE must pursue these authorizations in light of existing funding restraints which make it impossible to achieve total enforcement of all of the statutes cited above. The federal government therefore designs initiatives to improve the efficacy of immigration enforcement. A program known as Secure Communities was initiated in 2008 for this purpose; this program was replaced by the Priority Enforcement Program (“PEP”) in 2015, for a brief period. The Secure Communities program was reinstated in 2017. The federal government, at times through DHS Memoranda and at times through Executive Orders, has issued guiding principles and specific commands often referred to as “enforcement priorities,” related to the carrying out of these various programs. These have reflected the change in immigration enforcement policy over time and over the course of the transitions between programs and political administrations. However, there has been one constant: visa-overstayers have not been affected unless they are a subject of a criminal investigation or prosecution and have been convicted. There is an important but seldom employed exception, as individuals who are determined to be threats to national security are legitimately subjected to removal.
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1. Secure Communities Program Under the Secure Communities Program, instituted in 2008, fingerprint information sent from local agencies to the FBI for criminal record and warrants checks is automatically passed on to ICE. ICE, Secure Communities, https://www.ice.gov/secure-communities. The purpose of this arrangement is to enable federal immigration authorities to take advantage of local information about noncitizens to identify individuals who are subject to removability. Participation is mandatory. See Amicus Brief of ACLU at 3, ECF 52. ICE uses the information gathered through this program in deciding against whom to initiate removal proceedings.
2. Priority Enforcement Program DHS instituted PEP in July of 2015 to replace the Secure Communities program. PEP set out classes of noncitizens subject to escalating levels of enforcement priority. As part of PEP, DHS sought to foster cooperation between ICE and local law enforcement agencies in order to improve the process of removing noncitizens considered “priorities” for removal. The relevant “priority” categories were identified by DHS in a memorandum published on November 20, 2014. Memorandum from DHS Secretary Jeh Johnson, Policies for the Apprehension, Detention and Removal of Undocumented Immigrants. 22 The memo sets out three categories, in order of priority, which represent “the Department’s civil immigration enforcement priorities,” and directs federal personnel to “pursue these priorities at all stages of the enforcement process.” Id. at 2-3. Generally, Priority 1 included noncitizens who represent “threats to national security, border security, and public safety”; Priority 2 included “misdemeanants and new immigration violators”; and Priority 3 included those noncitizens who had been issued a final order of removal as of January 1, 2014, but did not fall within Priority 1 or 2. Id. at 3-4. Priority 1 and Priority 2 are
22 Available at https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/14_1120_memo_prosecutorial _discretion.pdf
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reviewed in detail below: a. PEP Priority 1
More specifically, Priority 1 included the following classes of removable noncitizens: (a) those engaged in or suspected of terrorism or espionage, or otherwise deemed a threat to national security; (b) those apprehended while crossing the border illegally; (c) those involved in gang activity, established either through conviction or not; (d) those convicted of any crime classified as a felony; (e) and those convicted of an “aggravated felony” as defined under immigration law. Id. at 3.
b. PEP Priority 2 Priority 2 identified “misdemeanants and new immigration violators” as “the second-highest priority for apprehension and removal,” and included: (a) noncitizens convicted of three or more misdemeanors arising out of separate incidents, “other than traffic offenses or state or local offenses for which an essential element was the alien’s immigration status,”; (b) those convicted of a “significant misdemeanor” including a domestic violence offense, sexual abuse or exploitation, burglary, unlawful possession or use of a firearm, drug distribution or trafficking, driving under the influence, or any offense for which the actual sentence was at least 90 days; (c) those who unlawfully entered or re-entered the U.S. after January 1, 2014; (d) and those who have “significantly abused the visa or visa waiver programs” as per the judgment of an ICE Field Office Director, or a USCIS District Director or Service Center Director. Id. at 3-4. F. President Trump’s Executive Order: New Enforcement Priorities An Executive Order entitled “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States” (“EO”) issued by President Trump on January 25, 2017 ordered the termination of PEP and the reinstitution of the Secure Communities program. Although there is, as cited above, an injunction
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in effect as to Section 9(a) of the Executive Order, pertaining to non-compliance with Section
1373, other parts of the Executive Order remain in effect. This Order established new expansive
enforcement priorities. It prioritizes the removal of noncitizens falling into categories that extend
far beyond those set out under PEP, several of which are defined according to vague concepts, and
the application of which allows for highly discretionary and subjective judgment calls.
The new priorities for enforcement include noncitizens described in any of the following
statutory sections: § 1182(a)(2) (criminal grounds for inadmissibility), (a)(3) (national security
grounds for inadmissibility), and (a)(6)(C) (procuring admission by fraud); § 1225 (expedited
removal of inadmissible noncitizens attempting to cross the border); and § 1227(a)(2) (criminal
grounds for deportability) and (4) (national security and related grounds); as well as removable
noncitizens who qualify under any of the following:
(a) Have been convicted of any criminal offense; (b) Have been charged with any criminal offense, where such charge has not been
resolved; (c) Have committed acts that constitute a chargeable criminal offense; (d) Have engaged in fraud or willful misrepresentation in connection with any official
matter or application before a governmental agency; (e) Have abused any program related to receipt of public benefits; (f) Are subject to a final order of removal, but who have not complied with their legal
obligation to depart the United States; or (g) In the judgment of an immigration officer, otherwise pose a risk to public safety or
national security.
Executive Order: Enhancing Public Safety, Section 5(a)-(g).
President Trump’s EO alters the enforcement priorities in three major ways as compared
with the priorities under PEP.
First, with respect to criminally involved removable noncitizens, the EO vastly expands the
enforcement priorities. Under PEP the priorities had been limited to those who pose a threat to
national security, are involved in gang activity, are convicted of a felony, are convicted of either 85

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three misdemeanors or a “significant” misdemeanor, and those who unlawfully reenter the United States. Under Trump’s EO, any removable noncitizen who has been convicted of, charged with, or has even engaged in conduct that could be subject to any criminal charge, regardless of the seriousness, is a priority for enforcement. Notably, this newly encompasses noncitizens who are technically removable on a basis other than one laid out in § 1227(a)(2), those who have engaged in criminal activity that would not trigger § 1227(a)(2) deportability, and even reaches those who have not ever been charged with a crime.
Second is the inclusion of removable noncitizens who have “abused any program related to receipt of public benefits” on the enforcement priority list. This adds an entirely new topic that PEP did not address in any of its three layers of enforcement priorities. The EO fails to provide any guidance as to what might constitute the “abuse” of public benefit programs. Finally, the EO adds a catchall for any removable noncitizen who “[i]n the judgment of an immigration officer, otherwise pose[s] a risk to public safety or national security,” an apparent delegation of wildly discretionary power to ICE officers to determine their own enforcement protocol.
Although the EO expands the enforcement priorities that existed under PEP, especially with respect to non-citizens with very minor contacts with criminal law, there is no evidence in this record that ICE itself, in Philadelphia, has taken action against non-criminal aliens.
G. Philadelphia’s Policy and Potential Conflicts There are several ways in which the new Byrne JAG conditions could conflict with the City’s preferred policies with regard to its noncitizen population. In light of the EO there is a serious risk that the new conditions will “widen the net” of immigration enforcement unfairly—that is, that the new conditions will put noncitizens who in the past have not been the target of ICE enforcement efforts at risk of being swept up in these efforts. Unlawfully present
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noncitizens who have only been charged with, or alleged to have “committed acts that constitute”
very low level criminal offenses are now at risk of being swept up in ICE enforcement efforts as a
result of the 48 hour and jail access conditions. For example, a visa over-stayer charged with a
minor crime that would not trigger a 1227(a)(2) basis for deportability, held in a city facility
because unable to post bail, or to serve a short sentence upon conviction, would be subject to ICE
detention and potentially to removal proceedings as a result of the 48 hour condition, where she would not have been, under the stated enforcement priorities of PEP. 23 The current
administration’s policy, in contrast to PEP, makes any criminal investigation or allegation, no
matter how minor or untrue, a trigger for priority enforcement, thereby subjecting an enormously expanded group of noncitizens to the practical likelihood of removal proceedings.24
One group that is not actually named in the EO as being subject to priority enforcement,
that would also be swept into enforcement as a result of the DOJ’s conditions are those, such as
visa over-stayers, who are unlawfully present in the United States, who are charged with a crime
and detained in a city facility pre-trial for inability to post bail, but ultimately are released without
conviction. Individuals who fit this description are technically removable, but they do not fall
under the current enforcement priorities. The harm to this group is especially great, as they are at
risk of being swept into immigration enforcement and subjected to removal proceedings, despite
never being found guilty of any criminal activity. They are among the group of unlawfully
23 While technically even under the PEP regime, such an individual would be deportable pursuant to immigration law, the practical application of PEP was to “pursue [the stated PEP] priorities at all stages of the enforcement process—from the earliest investigative stage” and thus counseled strongly against detaining and seeking removal of an individual who did not fall into one of the three enforcement priority categories, such as the individual described in the hypothetical. It was therefore highly unlikely that such an individual would have been subject to removal proceedings. 24 Notably, the risk that ICE will improperly pursue detention and/or removal of lawfully present noncitizens, a risk which existed under PEP, persists under the EO. This was exemplified in the case of Ernesto Galarza, born in New Jersey, who was erroneously detained for three days on a temporary ICE detainer. Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014).
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present noncitizens who escape the extraordinarily broad enforcement priorities under the EO, yet they are nevertheless at risk of being subject to removal proceedings if they are arrested but ultimately not convicted of any crime. This state of affairs goes so far as to threaten the presumption of innocence.
H. Statutes Which Impact Both Immigration and Criminal Law The Department of Justice’s Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction cites a number of statutory provisions that it argues support the proposition that immigration enforcement and criminal justice are sufficiently related to survive a Constitutional challenge under the Spending Clause. (ECF 28 at 29). First, the Memorandum identifies § 1227(a)(2) as highly relevant to this consideration, see supra. The Memorandum also points to 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g), which provides for the performance of federal immigration enforcement functions by state actors. § 1357(g)(1) provides that the Attorney General may enter into a written agreement with a state or local government by which a state or local officer deemed qualified may engage in the investigation, apprehension, or detention of noncitizens. § 1357(g)(2)-(10) set out terms for these agreements. State and local employees are required to be trained in and adhere to federal law in carrying out these functions, and these actors are also subject to the supervision of the Attorney General. The statute also clarifies that an agreement under this section is not a prerequisite to state actors’ cooperation and communication with the Attorney General for the purpose of carrying out these functions. The DOJ additionally highlights 8 U.S.C. § 1324(c), which falls within a section which prohibits the transportation of noncitizens into or within the United States in any manner not authorized by the relevant laws (as well as the harboring or employment of such individuals). This subsection details criminal and civil forfeiture penalties for such conduct. Specifically, §
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1324(c) authorizes “all [ ] officers whose duty it is to enforce criminal laws” to make arrests for violations of this section.
The Memorandum also identifies 8 U.S.C. § 1252c. This section authorizes state and local law enforcement officials to arrest and detain any noncitizen illegally present in the United States following deportation from, or voluntarily leaving, the United States after being convicted of a felony. The statute clarifies that this authorization exists only after the state or local official confirms the noncitizen’s status via ICE data, and extends only for as long as necessary for ICE to transfer the individual to federal custody. The statute further directs the Attorney General to share information within his control that would help enable this purpose.
Finally, the DOJ’s Memorandum references 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c), which falls within a statute that provides rules for the arrest and detention of noncitizens pursuant to a warrant pending a removal determination. § 1226(c) in particular addresses the detention of “criminal aliens,” which in this context is a reference to those who are deportable or inadmissible on the criminal bases set out in § 1227 and § 1182, respectively. It dictates that the Attorney General shall take these individuals into custody “when the alien is released, without regard to whether the alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation, and without regard to whether the alien may be arrested or imprisoned again for the same offense.” The DOJ’s Memorandum suggests that the fact that this statute “contemplates the federal detention of certain aliens upon their release from state or local custody…further animat[es] the sort of cooperation between federal, state, and local law enforcement that the conditions are designed to foster.” The DOJ’s Memorandum does not highlight § 1226(d), however it is highly relevant. This subsection directs the Attorney General to create an information system by which federal, state, and local authorities can determine whether individuals they have arrested for aggravated felonies are noncitizens; to maintain records
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of noncitizens who have been convicted of aggravated felonies and have been removed; and to train certain officers within ICE “to serve as a liaison to Federal, state, and local law enforcement and correctional agencies and courts with respect to the arrest, conviction, and release of any alien charged with an aggravated felony.”
There are many other statutes which illustrate the intersection of criminal and immigration law that the DOJ’s Memorandum does not reference. There are several criminal laws set out in the Immigration and Nationality Act that are prosecuted in federal courts. 8 U.S.C. § 1326 establishes criminal liability for the return or attempted return to the U.S. by any noncitizen who has been denied admission or removed in the past. 8 U.S.C. § 1325 criminalizes entry or attempted entry into the United States at a time or place not authorized, without inspection by immigration officers, or by making a willfully false or misleading representation. § 1325(c) designates punishment of up to five years imprisonment and/or a fine up to $250,000 to be imposed on “any individual” who knowingly enters into a marriage to evade “any provision of the immigration laws.” There are many additional criminal laws, as well as civil penalties, that relate to immigration requirements.25
I. Selective Enforcement The paucity of prosecutions for first offenders of illegal entry is shown by federal government statistics that, from 10/1/2013 to 9/30/2014, only 67 individuals were prosecuted for a first time commission of illegal entry. Federal Justice Statistics, 2014-Statistical Tables, March, 2017, at 16, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fjs14st.pdf. The numbers increase for repeat
25 § 1325(d) makes it a criminal act for “any individual” to “knowingly establish a commercial enterprise for the purpose of evading any provision of the immigration laws.” 8 U.S.C. § 1321 establishes civil liability for owners and operators of aircraft and other transportation methods to provide a noncitizen the means to enter the U.S. at any time or place not properly designated. 8 U.S.C. § 1324 makes it a criminal act to bring a noncitizen to the United States in any manner outside of the lawfully designated immigration procedures or to transport or harbor any person who has entered the United States in violation of the law. This is not an exhaustive list.
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offenders who are arrested in the act of attempted entry. Further, although federal government statistics fail to show the exact number of unlawfully
present noncitizens who entered the U.S. illegally, there is documentation that of all arrests for immigration offenses during the year 2014, 93% occurred in five federal districts, each positioned along the U.S.-Mexico border: the District of Arizona, the Western District of Texas, the Southern District of Texas, the Southern District of California, and the District of New Mexico. Mark Motivans, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Federal Justice Statistics 2013-2014, March, 2017, 4-5, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fjs1314.pdf.
Two inferences from the data show that many aliens are in the United States as a result of non-prosecution of illegal entrants, but most of these illegal entrants are located in the southwest United States.
One obvious conclusion from this discretion is that the doctrine of selective enforcement drives immigration law, particularly when criminal prosecutions are considered. This is not a critical comment. The lesson to be learned from the above discussion is that Philadelphia’s policies do not in any meaningful way interfere with ICE’s priorities of locating and removing criminal aliens. For these purposes, there is a strong relationship.
The concept of “related” government programs, as it pertains to the Spending Clause and, particularly, Byrne JAG grants discussed below, is different.
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XIII. Spending Clause and Separation of Powers Article I, Section 8, clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the “Power To lay
and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1. Article I grants this power to Congress, and Congress alone. Nothing in Article II of the Constitution provides the Executive with any independent authority to spend, or withhold, federal funds that Congress has appropriated. Rather, the Executive is obligated to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3.
Congress regularly appropriates money to be paid out to states and localities, and uses that financial leverage to induce policy changes at the state and local level. In this way, “Congress may, in the exercise of its spending power, condition its grant of funds to the States upon their taking certain actions that Congress could not require them to take.” Coll. Sav. Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educ. Expense Bd., 527 U.S. 666, 686 (1999); accord Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 576 (2012). The Supreme Court has likened Spending Clause legislation to a “contract” whereby “in return for federal funds, the States agree to comply with federally imposed conditions.” Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1, 17 (1981)).
At the same time, Congress’ power to condition receipt of federal funds is subject to a number of limitations: “Spending Clause legislation must: (1) pursue the general welfare; (2) impose unambiguous conditions on states, so they can exercise choices knowingly and with awareness of the consequences; (3) impose conditions related to federal interests in the program; and (4) not induce unconstitutional action.” Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002) (citing South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207-08, 210 (1987)). A
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spending condition can therefore transgress any of these four limitations, three of which we address here.
A. Relatedness Despite courts’ general unwillingness to invalidate grant conditions for lack of relatedness, the City launches its major Spending Clause attack by arguing that the Challenged Conditions are intended to further federal civil immigration enforcement, and are therefore unrelated to a grant program intended to provide assistance to local criminal law enforcement. Such an argument reflects the premise, fundamental to the City’s position in this litigation, that immigration enforcement and criminal justice are not sufficiently “related” to allow conditions be placed on Byrne JAG grants that would influence the City’s law enforcement policies. Amici law professors echo this view, and situate the imposition of these conditions in the context of the President’s and the Attorney General’s shared intent to crack down on illegal immigration—and to defund sanctuary cities in particular (see ECF 50 (Brief of Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, and Immigration Law Scholars))—especially after a federal court enjoined one section of an Executive Order that would have stripped sanctuary jurisdictions of all federal funding in April 2017. See Cty. of Santa Clara v. Trump, supra. The Attorney General is quick to point out that the Supreme Court still has never “overturned Spending Clause legislation on relatedness grounds,” Barbour v. Washington Metro. Area Transit Auth., 374 F.3d 1161, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2004), and emphasizes the ways in which federal law “tie[s]…together” criminal justice and immigration enforcement. (Def. Opp. at 29). The Attorney General cites various laws and situations in which immigration law and law enforcement “intersect”—such as the fact that conviction for certain criminal offenses renders a noncitizen removable, see 8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2), and federal law allows partnerships between state
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or local law enforcement and immigration authorities, see 8 U.S.C. 1357(g). The Attorney General thus asserts that the conditions on Byrne grants easily survive the “discernible relationship” threshold set by the Third Circuit in Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, discussed below. 302 F.3d 161 (3d Cir. 2002). Removing criminal aliens also serves local law enforcement purposes, in the Attorney General’s view, because once removed, aliens cannot commit more crimes. The Attorney General further argues that the City implicitly concedes the existence of some sort of relationship between law enforcement and immigration enforcement by contending that its refusal to enforce immigration law aggressively has led to better public safety outcomes and lower crime rates. The Court does not dispute these general arguments, but they do not answer all the issues.
The Supreme Court has expressly declined to “define the outer bounds of the ‘germaneness’ or ‘relatedness’ limitation on the imposition of conditions under the spending power.” South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 209 n.3 (1987). Dole concerned a challenge to a Congressional statute directing the Department of Transportation to withhold a percentage of federal highway funds to states that allowed individuals under the age of 21 to purchase alcohol. South Dakota, which allowed 19-year-olds to purchase low-alcohol beer, asserted that the power to fix the state’s drinking age was its prerogative under §2 of the Twenty-First Amendment. South Dakota evidently did not press the argument that the condition was “unrelated to a national concern in the absence of the Twenty-first Amendment,” and accordingly the Court’s discussion of relatedness was relatively cursory: “the condition imposed by Congress is directly related to one of the main purposes for which highway funds are expended—safe interstate travel.” Id. at 208. The majority further noted that a presidential commission on drunk driving had found that the “lack of uniformity” in state drinking ages induced young people to drive to neighboring states
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with lower drinking ages; the requirement to raise the drinking age or else forgo federal highway funds was therefore “reasonably calculated to address this particular impediment to a purpose for which the funds are expended.” Id. at 209. The majority thus saw no need to decide where to set the relevant boundary.
The Third Circuit had occasion to draw that line in Koslow, a case both parties cite with approval, which established the “discernable relationship” test. 302 F.3d 161. In Koslow, a worker at a Pennsylvania state prison had injured himself on three occasions while carrying 80-pound bags of salt. After being given a choice of performing the full duties of his position or receiving workers’ compensation, he stayed in his job. Some three years later, he was dismissed for not being able to perform the essential functions of his job. Koslow filed suit, alleging, among other things, that the State had failed to provide a reasonable accommodation in violation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, which prohibited discrimination in all federally funded programs or activities on the basis of disability, and that the State had waived Eleventh Amendment immunity by accepting federal funds. The prison in which Koslow had worked had received federal funds, and the state defendants argued that the Rehabilitation Act was unconstitutional under the Spending Clause because the limitations on the Rehabilitation Act funds (non-discrimination) were too far afield from the purposes for which they were intended.
The Third Circuit specifically rejected the defendants’ argument that a plaintiff needed to identify a specific federal interest in the funds received by the prison system. Koslow, 302 F.3d at 175. Rather, a litigant:
need only identify a discernible relationship imposed by a Rehabilitation Act condition on a “department or agency” and a federal interest in a program it funds. Through the Rehabilitation Act, Congress has expressed a clear interest in eliminating disability-based discrimination in state departments or agencies.
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That interest, which is undeniably significant and clearly reflected in the legislative history, flows with every dollar spent by a department or agency receiving federal funds. The waiver of the Commonwealth’s immunity from Rehabilitation Act claims by Department of Corrections employees furthers that interest directly. Id. at 175–76 (3d Cir. 2002) (emphasis added). The Third Circuit took care to emphasize that “the waiver of immunity conditioned on receipt of Rehabilitation Act funds applies on an agency-by-agency, or a department-by-department, basis” which “help[ed] ensure the waiver accords with the “relatedness” requirement articulated in Dole.” Id. at 176. After analogizing to other anti-discrimination statutes that had survived Spending Clause challenges, the court held the Rehabilitation Act constitutional. We have described, supra, the many relationships between immigration and criminal law and neither party disputes that criminal law violations can trigger immigration law consequences. However, framing the Court’s inquiry as whether a discernable relationship exists between immigration law and law enforcement, as the Attorney General seeks to do, situates the discussion at much too general a level. The relevant question, under Koslow, is whether this Court can “identify a discernible relationship” between a grant condition on a department or agency and “a federal interest in a program” funded by the Byrne grants. 302 F.3d at 175. Criminal justice is a very broad field with far-reaching impacts; it bears on public safety, individual freedom, the physical and mental public health systems, the economic privatization of public institutions, and beyond. Criminal convictions impact not only immigration law enforcement, but also the disbursement of local and federal benefits, voting rights, access to housing, family law, and more. In short, there is a seemingly endless list of areas of the law which can be said to be "related to" criminal justice and the local enforcement of criminal laws; it is not automatic, however, that these relationships operate in both directions. For example, while
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criminal law bears enormously on voting rights, voting laws don’t appear to have any impact on the criminal justice system.
Criminal law is integral to immigration law, specifying classes of noncitizens for high risk of removal, dictating procedures for detaining particular individuals pending removal proceedings, and defining who falls within the federal government's priorities for immigration law enforcement. However, immigration law does not impact the criminal justice system.
Immigration law has nothing to do with the enforcement of local criminal laws. As the record has established, this is absolutely the case in Philadelphia. As Commissioner Ross testified, the criminal laws of Philadelphia are uniformly enforced across the city, without regard to the immigration status, whether lawful or unlawful, of individual residents, whether they come into contact with the criminal justice system as a witness, victim, or defendant. The City even has policies in place designed to remove immigration considerations entirely from the calculus of criminal law enforcement, including instructing police officers not to inquire about the immigration status of residents. While federal immigration law officials care deeply about local criminal law outcomes, it simply is not the case that local criminal justice actors in Philadelphia care about federal immigration laws.
This point is especially important in light of the framing of the Spending Clause relatedness inquiry, below. The important question is whether the conditions at issue relate to the federal interest in the particular program they are attached to. Accepting DOJ’s argument about its interest, the most generous reading from its perspective is that it has an interest in pursuing "criminal justice" broadly. As already discussed, the fact that immigration enforcement depends on and is deeply impacted by criminal law enforcement does not mean that the pursuit of criminal justice in any way relies on the enforcement of immigration law. Realistically, it does not.
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Further, as the City points out, the Byrne JAG statute is clearly designed for the purpose of enhancing local criminal justice. When considered at this level, the argument that enforcement of federal immigration laws is related to this objective is unsustainable, particularly in light of Police Commissioner Ross's testimony. The federal interest in enforcing immigration laws falls outside of the scope of the Byrne JAG program.
1. Byrne JAG Program and the DOJ Conditions Thus, the more precise question in this case is whether a discernable relationship exists between the federal government’s interest in the Byrne JAG program and the Challenged Conditions. The parties again disagree on how to describe the relevant federal interest. The City points to a section of the Byrne statute requiring state plans to “detail[] how grants received under this section will be used to improve the administration of the criminal justice system,” which must be done in consultation with various local stakeholders. See 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(6) (emphasis added). It also cites 2005 legislative history, which asserted that the merger of Local Law Enforcement Block Grants with the former Byrne Grant Program would “give State and local governments more flexibility to spend money for programs that work for them rather than to impose a ‘one size fits all’ solution. H.R. REP. 109-233, at 89, reprinted in 2005 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1636, 1640. The Attorney General situates the federal interest in the “for criminal justice” language of 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1) to argue that the Byrne program possesses the “broad[]” objective of “support[ing] and strengthen[ing] law enforcement and criminal justice.” (ECF 28 at 29). The Attorney General relies on language from a section of the Byrne statute which, however, makes clear that the City has the better reading of the statute, especially as supplemented by legislative history. Section 10152(a)(1) establishes that the Byrne program is a formula grant
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and provides applicant jurisdictions a broad menu of programs and purposes to which they might
apply Byrne funds:
the Attorney General may, in accordance with the formula established under section 10156 of this title, make grants to States and units of local government, for use by the State or unit of local government to provide additional personnel, equipment, supplies, contractual support, training, technical assistance, and information systems for criminal justice, including for any one or more of the following programs:
(A) Law enforcement programs. (B) Prosecution and court programs. (C) Prevention and education programs. (D) Corrections and community corrections programs. (E) Drug treatment and enforcement programs. (F) Planning, evaluation, and technology improvement programs. (G) Crime victim and witness programs (other than compensation). (H) Mental health programs and related law enforcement and corrections programs, including behavioral programs and crisis intervention teams.
34 U.S.C.A. § 10152 (a)(1).
Thus, the best reading of the Byrne statute is that Congress intended to create a formula
grant program that simply provided fiscal assistance to states and localities for any of a wide
variety of permissible purposes that the applicant jurisdictions, having heard from various
stakeholders, were entitled to select. Congress set up the Byrne program, and the “federal
interest” that Koslow requires this Court to evaluate for Spending Clause purposes is Congress’s
very broadly stated interest as articulated in the Byrne statute, not the Attorney General’s interest
in public safety or immigration enforcement, which is not mentioned in the statute. See Koslow,
302 F.3d at 175.
Congress employed its spending power to create a grant program to provide money for
“administration of the criminal justice system,” with the intent that states and municipalities use
the money as they see fit. Any relationship connecting this formula grant program, which
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provides wide latitude to states and municipalities, and the conditions of requiring jail access to
federal immigration authorities to interview alien inmates and 48 hours’ advance notice to federal
immigration authorities of a noncitizen’s release from custody, is therefore difficult to discern.
2. Certification Condition
The Certification Condition presents a more difficult issue because Congress indicated its
intent in the Byrne statute to require “applicant[s]” to “comply with…all other applicable Federal
laws.” See 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D).26 The Byrne statute differentiates “applicant[s]” from
“programs to be funded” in requiring
(5) A certification, made in a form acceptable to the Attorney General and executed by the chief executive officer of the applicant (or by another officer of the applicant, if qualified under regulations promulgated by the Attorney General), that-(A) the programs to be funded by the grant meet all the requirements of this part; (B) all the information contained in the application is correct; (C) there has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies; and (D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.
34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5) (emphases added).
Philadelphia is the “applicant” for purposes of this subsection. If the Court assumes for a
moment that 8 U.S.C. § 1373 is indeed an applicable federal law, then the statute is best read as
requiring compliance with Section 1373 by all city officials, regardless of function. Moreover,
the text of Section 1373(a) bars cities like Philadelphia from implementing policies that restrict
sending or receiving “information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or
unlawful, of any individual.” 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a) (emphases added). This statutory provision—by
26 Whether the Certification Condition requires compliance with Section 1373 by the entire City or simply the “programs or activities” receiving Byrne funds was the subject of considerable debate at oral argument. Counsel for the Attorney General indicated that only “programs or activities” receiving Byrne funds were subject to the Certification Condition, as spelled out in the “special conditions” attached to the Greenville award letter. (ECF 21-6 at ¶ 53). The City pointed to various communications from the federal government, including a letter from the Office of Justice Programs dated October 11, 2017 (ECF 28-1) suggesting that the whole City was subject to the Certification Condition.
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its plain terms—is in no way limited to aliens, criminal aliens, or even convicted criminals. Thus, conditioning funding for local law enforcement on the compliance by, for example, Dr. Farley’s health workers toward their law-abiding patients is the sort of overly “attenuated or tangential relationship” that arguably exceeds the relatedness requirement of grant conditions under the Spending Clause. South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 215 (1987) (O’Connor, J., dissenting); see also Koslow, 302 F.3d at 176 (sustaining Rehabilitation Act waiver of sovereign immunity where it applied only to the agencies or departments actually receiving federal funds under the act).
Although the Certification Condition appears to have some relationship with the JAG Program, this Court is mindful of the demanding threshold imposed by Dole and Koslow. For purposes of the present motion for preliminary injunction, it suffices to say that the “relatedness issue” is a close question. However, it is clear that the City has established that it uses the Byrne JAG money for purposes much broader than the prosecution of criminals, and that adherence to the Department of Justice conditions would conflict with its justifiable policies towards non-criminal aliens.
B. Lack of ambiguity In their briefs, both parties address their ambiguity arguments toward the issue of whether the Challenged Conditions themselves provide unambiguous guidance to the City. The City asserts that the 48-hour advance “Notice” and jail “Access” conditions give no guidance for situations where a suspect might be detained pending trial with no release date, or where a detained inmate refused to speak to ICE. With respect to the Certification Condition, the problem, from the City’s perspective, is more fundamental still: in light of shifting political winds, “ominous” DOJ press releases, inconsistent guidance as to the scope of the Certification Condition, and lack of case law on what types of policies actually violate Section 1373, the City was simply unsure
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what it was agreeing to. The Attorney General faults the City for proceeding to litigation before availing itself of
the opportunity to consult with the Department of Justice about any questions it might have, an opportunity it claims is afforded to grantees (see Greenville SC Award Letter, Pl. Mot. Ex. D). Moreover, the Attorney General considers all conditions unambiguous and fully spelled out in the documents awarding Byrne grants to local jurisdictions, such as the award letter issued to Greenville County, South Carolina. (See id.). Dismissing the City’s “nit-picking,” the Attorney General argues that the Access and Notice Conditions are not facially ambiguous; after all, a locality has no notification obligations until DHS asks—at which point it must respond “as early as practicable”—and an inmate could decide not to speak to an ICE officer once the officer was allowed access. Ignoring the Department of Justice press releases, which the City claims amount to “mixed messages” (Pl. Mot. at 40), the Attorney General cites only to prior guidance on compliance on Section 1373, which it claims is unambiguous.
Neither party would dispute that “federal grant programs originate in and remain governed by statutory provisions expressing the judgment of Congress concerning desirable public policy,” Bennett v. Kentucky Dep’t of Educ., 470 U.S. 656, 669 (1985), yet the emphasis on the Challenged Conditions somewhat obscures the issue, acknowledged by both counsel at oral argument, of the role of Congress itself, to which the spending power is exclusively conferred under Article I.
Spending Clause ambiguity cases generally involve statutory construction, not interpretation of conditions imposed by an agency. In a typical case, the state assails the congressional statute itself for failing to unambiguously impose conditions on receipt of federal funds. See, e.g., Arlington Cent. Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Murphy, 548 U.S. 291 (2006);
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Pennhurst, 451 U.S. 1. This can occur whether or not the state is seeking to evade liability when sued by a private party, or in turn seeks legal relief against the federal government. Compare Arlington Cent. 548 U.S. 291 and Pennhurst, 451 U.S. 1 with Com. of Va., Dep’t of Educ. v. Riley, 106 F.3d 559 (4th Cir. 1997) (en banc). Such cases, naturally, frame their discussion in terms of Congress’ exercise of the purse strings under Article I:
The legitimacy of Congress’ power to legislate under the spending power thus rests on whether the State voluntarily and knowingly accepts the terms of the “contract.” There can, of course, be no knowing acceptance if a State is unaware of the conditions or is unable to ascertain what is expected of it. Accordingly, if Congress intends to impose a condition on the grant of federal moneys, it must do so unambiguously. By insisting that Congress speak with a clear voice, we enable the States to exercise their choice knowingly, cognizant of the consequences of their participation. Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 17 (internal citations omitted) (holding that Section 6010 of the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act did not unambiguously condition receipt of federal funds on providing residents of disabled home a right to “appropriate treatment, services, and habilitation” in “the setting that is least restrictive of the person’s personal liberty”). At least one subsequent opinion has posited that this passage analogizes the grant and receipt of federal funds to offer and acceptance in the process of contract formation. Barnes v. Gorman, 536 U.S. 181, 186 (2002) (citing id.). When engaging in an inquiry regarding ambiguity, a court “must view” a statute “from the perspective of a state official who is engaged in the process of deciding whether the State should accept” federal funds. Arlington Cent., 548 U.S. at 296. “In other words,” Arlington Central continued, a court must ask whether a statute “furnishes clear notice regarding the liability at issue.” Id. With the introduction of a federal agency into the transaction, the analogy to offer and acceptance in a bilateral contract is a less intuitively helpful guide: Was it Congress or the agency
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making the offer? Did Congress authorize the agency to introduce terms and conditions, and under what circumstances? Is Section 1373 a Congressionally mandated condition? What must be unambiguous? Specifically, if there is arguable lack of clarity both in the statute and in the agency guidance, what is a court’s role?
Com. of Va., Dep’t of Educ. v. Riley held that the requisite clear notice must be found in the statute itself. 106 F.3d 559 (4th Cir. 1997) (en banc) (adopting original dissenting panel opinion of Luttig, J.). In Riley, the Department of Education interpreted the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to require states to provide private educational services to disabled students who had been expelled for reasons unrelated to their disabilities. Because Virginia did not provide private educational services to this subset of students, the Department of Education sought to withhold funds; Virginia then argued that it was in compliance with the IDEA, and that the Department’s interpretation imposed conditions not required by the statute. The Fourth Circuit, sitting en banc, sided with Virginia. Pursuant to the then-operative text of the IDEA, the court then held that a state was required to “assure[] all children with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education.” 20 U.S.C. 1412(1). The majority began with basic constitutional principles: “in order for the States to be bound by a condition upon the receipt of federal monies, the Congress must have affirmatively imposed that condition in clear and unmistakable statutory terms.” Riley, 106 F.3d at 563. It continued to the plain language of the statute itself: “under even ordinary standards of statutory construction,” the majority held, the IDEA “d[id] not impose, implicitly or otherwise, the condition for which the Federal Government argue[d].” Id. The majority was cognizant of the federalism concerns underlying the dispute between a state and the federal government over public education, traditionally an area of local control. Id. at 566. Riley supports the City’s legal position. The Attorney General’s
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Supplemental Brief (ECF 70) unsuccessfully attempts to distinguish its factual relevance to this case, and it is likely the Third Circuit would follow this decision.
This Court therefore emphasizes the language of the statute authorizing Byrne JAG grants, employing traditional tools of statutory construction but remaining mindful of the federalism concerns at stake. Whether Congress unambiguously imposed the Challenged Conditions (or unambiguously authorized the Attorney General so to do) entails largely the same inquiry as whether it conferred authority upon the Attorney General to impose them, as discussed in preceding sections of this memorandum. At oral argument, Defendant relied on the same language in the OJP statute allowing the AAG to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants, and determ[e] priority purposes for formula grants,” as well as the requirement that applicants certify compliance with “all other applicable Federal laws” to defend the constitutionality of the Challenged Conditions under the Spending Clause.
Simply put, the Access and 48-hours Notice Conditions cannot have been unambiguously authorized by Congress if they were never statutorily authorized. Similarly, Congress’s statutory authorization for the Certification Condition—pursuant to the “all other applicable Federal laws” language of 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D)—is a “close call,” see infra, especially under Arlington Central’s recipient-centric test. See 548 U.S. at 296. The much-debated phrase “all other applicable Federal laws” is susceptible to a number of reasonable readings: on one hand it could signify all federal laws related to grantmaking (as the City would have it), or on the other, all federal laws related to law enforcement, or even the entire corpus of federal law codified in the United States Code.27 This malleable language does not provide the “clear notice that would be
27 In support of its argument that the Certification Condition is unambiguous, the Attorney General cites prior DOJ guidance that notably punts on the scope of “all other applicable Federal laws”:
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needed to attach such a condition to a State’s receipt of…funds.” See id. at 300. Nonetheless, because the present motion is one for a preliminary injunction, this Court
need not make a ruling on the merits of the City’s “ambiguity” challenge. However, the Court concludes the City is likely to prevail on its argument that the Attorney General’s decision to condition receipt of JAG funds on certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 may be inconsistent with the requirement that all conditions on funds be unambiguously imposed by Congress. This concern is particularly prevalent here because of federalism concerns, given that “[o]ur constitutional structure leaves local criminal activity primarily to the States.” Bond v. United States, 134 S. Ct. 2077, 2083 (2014). See Riley, 106 F.3d at 566 (“Insistence upon a clear, unambiguous statutory expression of congressional intent to condition the States’ receipt of federal funds in a particular manner is especially important where, as here, the claimed condition requires the surrender of one of . . . the powers or functions reserved to the States by the Tenth Amendment.”).
C. Coercion and the Tenth Amendment The Tenth Amendment states a “truism” that “[t]he powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100, 124 (1941); U.S. Const. Am. 10. There is “nothing in the history of its adoption to suggest that it was more than declaratory of the relationship between the national and state governments as had been established by the
Q. The “JAG Sanctuary Policy Guidance” cited Section 1373. Are there other components of Title 8 of the United States Code that are required for compliance? A. All grantees are required to assure and certify compliance with all applicable federal statutes, regulations, policies, guidelines, and requirements. States may wish to consult with their legal counsel if they have any questions or concerns as to the scope of this requirement. (ECF 1-12, Office of Justice Programs Guidance Regarding Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, at 3) (emphasis added).
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Constitution before the amendment.” Darby, 312 U.S. at 124. Nonetheless, the Tenth Amendment embodies the principle of Federalism that pervades the Constitution. Thus, courts frequently cite to the Tenth Amendment as a placeholder for Federalism concerns. See, e.g., Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sibelius (“NFIB”)), 567 U.S. 519, 647 (2012) (Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Alito, JJ., dissenting) (“What is absolutely clear, affirmed by the text of the 1789 Constitution, by the Tenth Amendment ratified in 1791, and by innumerable cases of ours in the 220 years since, is that there are structural limits upon federal power.”). More specifically, in the context of the Spending Clause, the Tenth Amendment represents a prohibition against “impermissible compulsion” or “commandeering,” i.e., “when state participation in a federal spending program is coerced.” NFIB, 567 U.S. at 677 (dissent). Among many cases, we review several to guide this Court’s Tenth Amendment analysis.
1. New York v. United States In New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992), the Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of three provisions of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (“LLRWPAA”), finding only two of the three provisions consistent with “the Constitution’s allocation of power to the Federal Government.” Id. at 149. The LLRWPAA required each state to be “responsible for providing, either by itself or in cooperation with other States, for the disposal of . . . low-level radioactive waste generated within the State.” 42 U.S.C. § 2021c(a)(1)(A). To encourage the states to comply with this statutory requirement, the LLRWPAA provided three types of incentives:
1. Monetary incentives in the form of surcharge fees paid to states who receive radioactive waste from other states;
2. Access incentives in the form of penalties for states which fail to indicate, within approximately one year of the Act’s passage, an intent to develop a disposal facility or which fail to join a regional compact to develop a disposal facility; and 107

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3. A take title provision mandating that states which fail to provide, within approximately ten years of the Act’s passage, for disposal of waste generated within its borders must take title to such waste upon notification by the owner of the waste.
The Court’s opinion distilled the central issue of the case to one sentence: “This litigation . . . concerns the circumstances under which Congress may use the States as implements of regulation; that is, whether Congress may direct or otherwise motivate the States to regulate in a particular field or a particular way.” Id. at 161. The Court noted that the division of power between state governments and the federal government changes in the context of Congressionally-imposed conditions on the receipt of federal funds, because state governments can simply refuse the funds and thus avoid any drawbacks of compliance with the associated conditions. Id. at 168.
Ultimately, the Court found the first two “incentives” to be valid exercises of Congress’s Commerce Clause powers. Then, the Court analyzed the third “incentive” under the Spending Clause, because it was an example of Congress placing conditions “on the receipt of federal funds.” Id. at 172. The Court found that the third condition violated the Constitution because it represented “[a] choice between two unconstitutionally coercive regulatory techniques.” Id. at 176 (declining to state whether the provision lay “outside Congress’s enumerated powers” or “infring[ed] upon the core of state sovereignty reserved by the Tenth Amendment,” but stating that either way, “the provision is inconsistent with the federal structure of our Government . . . .”).
2. Printz v. United States In Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997), the Supreme Court held that several provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act were unconstitutional because they “purport[ed] to direct state law enforcement officers to participate, albeit only temporarily, in the administration of a federally enacted regulatory scheme.” Id. at 904. The majority opinion,
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authored by Justice Scalia, explained that the “enactments of the early Congresses, as far as we are aware, contain no evidence of an assumption that the Federal Government may command the States’ executive power in the absence of a particularized constitutional authorization.” Id. at 909. The Court also noted that the Constitution itself demonstrates the Founders’ view that “a healthy balance of power between the States and the Federal Government will reduce the risk of tyranny and abuse from either front.” Id. at 921 (quoting Gregory v. Ashcroft, 501 U.S. 452, 458 (1991). The Court cited various prior Supreme Court opinions that “made clear that the Federal Government may not compel the States to implement, by legislation or executive action, federal regulatory programs.” Id. at 925–26 (citing, among other cases, FERC v. Mississippi, 456 U.S. 742 (1982), in which the Court construed several provisions of a federal statute requiring states only to “consider” federal standards). In particular, the Court found it improper for federal officials to “forc[e] state governments to absorb the financial burden of implementing a federal regulatory program” or to put them “in the position of taking the blame for its burdensomeness and for its defects.” Printz, 521 U.S. at 930.
3. National Federation of Independent Business v. Sibelius In NFIB, the Supreme Court considered a challenge to the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). 567 U.S. at 519. As originally drafted, ACA provided substantial federal funds to states to expand their Medicaid programs, but if states chose not to accept the additional funds, they would not only forgo those funds, but lose all existing federal funds as well. The plaintiff states challenged the statute as unduly coercive. Justice Roberts, writing for a plurality of the Court, agreed. The plurality emphasized that decisions of the Court had “repeatedly characterized ... Spending Clause legislation as ‘much in the nature of a contract.”
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Id. at 576-77 (quoting Barnes v. Gorman, 536 U.S. 181, 186 (2002)). As such, states cannot

freely accept funds where they are coerced into doing so by the lopsided terms of the grant. Id. at

577. After some discussion of Federalism principles, the plurality stated:

Id. at 585.

We have upheld Congress’s authority to condition the receipt of funds on the States’ complying with restrictions on the use of those funds, because that is the means by which Congress ensures that the funds are spent according to its view of the “general Welfare.” Conditions that do not here govern the use of the funds, however, cannot be justified on that basis.

However, it was not only the “contractual” concerns of Spending Clause that animated the

Court’s approach to the Medicaid expansion condition. All of the seven justices who agreed the

Medicaid expansion condition, as written, was unduly coercive detailed their concerns with

federal legislation that compels states to take “unpopular actions” because “state officials [] will

bear the brunt of public disapproval, while the federal officials who devised the regulatory

program may remain insulated from the electoral ramifications of their decision.” Id. at 578

(Roberts, Breyer, Kagan, JJ.); id. at 678 (Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Alito, JJ.) (both citing New

York, 505 U.S. at 169). Equally concerning to the dissenting justices (Ginsburg and Sotomayor)

was the fact that state officials might also “favor such a departure from the constitutional plan, since uncertainty concerning responsibility may also permit them to escape accountability.” Id.28

4. City of New York v. United States In City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999), New York City lodged a

facial challenge against Section 434 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity

28 This Court notes that the Supreme Court has also decided Tenth Amendment challenges under the Commerce Clause, which implicate similar Federalism concerns as Spending Clause cases. See, e.g., Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141 (2000); F.E.R.C. v. Mississippi, 456 U.S. 742 (1982).
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Reconciliation Act of 1996 and Section 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996, both of which, similar to Section 1373 at issue in the present litigation,
“prohibit[ed] state and local governments from limiting their employees in the voluntary provision
of information about the immigration status of aliens to [INS].” Id. at 31. New York based its
Tenth Amendment challenge on the conflict between those sections and City Executive Order No.
124, which prohibited city employees from transmitting information regarding the immigration
status of aliens to federal immigration authorities unless:
(1) required by law; (2) consented to by the alien in writing; or (3) such alien was suspected of engaging in criminal activity. Id. at 31 n.1.
The Second Circuit found that the challenged provisions did not violate the Tenth
Amendment because the provisions “do not directly compel states or localities to require or
prohibit anything. Rather, they prohibit state and local governmental entities or officials only
from directly restricting the voluntary exchange of immigration information with the INS.” Id. at
35 (emphasis added). The Court’s central analysis focused on the need for cooperation between
state and federal governments for their “mutual benefit”:
The City's sovereignty argument asks us to turn the Tenth Amendment's shield against the federal government's using state and local governments to enact and administer federal programs into a sword allowing states and localities to engage in passive resistance that frustrates federal programs. If Congress may not forbid states from outlawing even voluntary cooperation with federal programs by state and local officials, states will at times have the power to frustrate effectuation of some programs. Absent any cooperation at all from local officials, some federal programs may fail or fall short of their goals unless federal officials resort to legal processes in every routine or trivial matter, often a practical impossibility.
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Id. at 35. Nonetheless, the Second Circuit stated that it might have decided the issue differently had
the level of intrusion on city policies been demonstrated more adequately. First, it noted that the Executive Order itself was the only policy proffered by New York as intrusive on its sovereignty under the Tenth Amendment. Second, it pointed out that the court’s inquiry was limited because it involved a facial challenge; thus, the challenge required New York to demonstrate that no set of circumstances existed under which the Act would be valid. Third, the court found the Executive Order too narrowly drawn to justify New York’s concern that the challenged provisions prevented the City from providing essential municipal services and receiving reports of criminal activity from residents. Specifically, the court found the Executive Order protected immigration status as confidential only from federal immigration authorities. Thus, the Executive Order did not operate to “prevent the sharing of information with anyone outside the INS.” Id. at 37. Because of this, the Executive Order appeared geared more towards “singl[ing] out a particular federal policy for non-cooperation [despite] allowing City employees to share freely the information in question with the rest of the world.” Id.
However, had the City shown that “the information covered by the Executive Order might in fact be subject to other confidentiality provisions that would prevent is dissemination generally[,] . . . the Executive Order might be viewed more as an explanatory measure designed to reassure aliens that information they might impart was truly confidential.” Id. In the end, the Second Circuit specifically disclaimed the effect of its decision on any inquiry into whether the challenged section “would survive a constitutional challenge in the context of generalized confidentiality policies that are necessary to the performance of legitimate municipal functions and that include federal immigration status,” stating explicitly, “we offer no opinion on that
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question.” Id. 5. The Present Case
Without specifically so holding, the Court concludes, relying on Galarza, that Philadelphia is likely to succeed on the merits of its Tenth Amendment challenge to the Access, 48-hour Notice, and Certification conditions. As it pertains to the Certification condition, this argument is somewhat distinct from that presented in City of Chicago v. Sessions and City of New York v. U.S., in which Section 1373 itself was challenged on Tenth Amendment grounds. No. CV-17-C-5720, 2017 WL 4081821 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017); 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999). This Court need not analyze the City’s Tenth Amendment claim in detail, as the Court will not rely on it in considering whether to grant a preliminary injunction.
Nonetheless, it bears mention that, because the Access and Notice conditions impose affirmative obligations on Philadelphia, with associated costs of complying with such conditions, they do implicate the Tenth Amendment and its built-in anti-commandeering principles.
With respect to the Certification condition, this Court agrees with the Court in City of Chicago that Section 1373 (and in this case, compliance with it), “poses a unique and novel constitutional question.” 2017 WL 4081821, at *12. Literal compliance with Section 1373 would inherently prevent Philadelphia from, among other things, disciplining an employee for choosing to spend her free time or work time assisting in the enforcement of federal immigration laws. See id. (“If a state or local government cannot control the scope of its officials' employment by limiting the extent of their paid time spent cooperating with the INS, then Section 1373 may practically limit the ability of state and local governments to decline to administer or enforce a federal regulatory program.”). Therefore, this Court declines to rest a preliminary injunction on Tenth Amendment grounds, but notes that the effect of Section 1373 compliance may be to
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XIV. Philadelphia Substantially Complies with Section 1373 The doctrine of substantial compliance is a judicial tool designed to promote equitable
relief. In cases where a party has meaningfully performed as expected, despite noncompliance with minor, unimportant requirements, this doctrine enables a court to excuse such imperfection and conclude that as a matter of fairness the party is entitled to the benefit she seeks. A finding of substantial compliance is warranted where a party has “complied with the essential requirements, whether of a contract or of a statute.” In re Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc., 285 F.3d 522, 525 n. 3 (6th Cir. 2002) (quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1428 (6th ed.1991)) (internal modifications omitted).
A. Substantial Compliance Can Be Implied Several statutes—including those implementing federal grant programs that condition receipt of federal aid on compliance with particular conditions—explicitly build in a standard of “substantial compliance” in the terms of the statute. See., e.g., 42 U.S.C. § 12753, Penalties for Misuse of Funds (conditioning the grant of federal dollars to states under the Home Investment Partnerships on substantial compliance with the entire statutory scheme and all conditions announced therein). External references to the Byrne JAG program actually impose a standard of substantial compliance with particular requirements in order for a state to maintain its full award. Under 34 U.S.C.A. § 20927, for example, “a jurisdiction that fails, as determined by the Attorney General, to substantially implement this subchapter [dealing with sex offender registration and notification] shall not receive 10 percent of the funds that would otherwise be allocated for that fiscal year to the jurisdiction under [the Byrne JAG program].” Courts have imposed the substantial compliance doctrine in evaluating some statutes that do not explicitly invoke it. The Third Circuit, for example, has read into the Social Security Act a
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broad application of the substantial compliance doctrine, despite “substantial compliance” language appearing only discretely within one section of the overall statute. Shands v. Tull, 602 F.2d 1156, 1160 (3d Cir. 1979). The Court focused on two provisions within the Act requiring less than perfect compliance with a federal regulation mandating disbursement of Aid to Families with Dependent Children. One of those provisions threatened to cut off federal aid for these programs upon “failure to comply Substantially,” while the other permitted a four percent rate of error in determining eligibility.” Id. The Court was persuaded that these two provisions “show an implied intent to hold the states to a standard of substantial compliance and thus to make some allowance for the difficulties of administering an extensive bureaucracy.” Id. As such, it required only substantial compliance with a specific regulation requiring states to issue final administrative action within 90 days of a request for a hearing to review denial of a claim. Id. at 1161.
The First Circuit and the Ninth Circuit have both held that states need only be in “substantial compliance” with the terms of the federal statute setting forth minimum requirements for state wiretap procedures, in order to be legitimate and to avoid preemption. United States v. Smith, 726 F.2d 852 (1st Cir. 1984) (en banc); Villa v. Maricopa County, 865 F.3d 1224 (9th Cir. 2017).
The Ninth Circuit generally recognizes a limited doctrine of substantial compliance in the context of requirements imposed by federal law. Sawyer v. Sonoma County, 719 F.2d 1001 (9th Cir. 1983). The Ninth Circuit views it as “an equitable doctrine designed to avoid hardship in cases where the party does all that can reasonably be expected of him.” Id. at 1008. Specifically, substantial compliance may be enough only with respect to procedural regulatory requirements, where “the essential statutory purposes have been fulfilled.” Baccei v. U.S., 632 F.3d 1140 (9th
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Cir. 2011) (quoting Shotgun Delivery, Inc. v. United States, 269 F.3d 969, 973 (9th Cir. 2001)). In contrast, “when the requirement relates to the substance of the statute or where the essential purposes have not been fulfilled,” strict compliance is the standard. Id.
The Court notes that the Ninth Circuit has also held that “[a]s a general rule, a state that accepts federal funds with conditions attached must strictly comply with those conditions—substantial compliance will not be good enough.” California Alliance of Child and Family Services v. Allenby, 589 F.3d 1017 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Withrow v. Concannon, 942 F.2d 1385, 1386-87 (9th Cir. 1991). But California Alliance dealt with the very clear and specific condition under the Child Welfare Act that “participating states ‘shall’ cover the listed costs.” Id. at 1023. This stands in sharp contrast to the very general nature of Section 1373. Moreover, in California Alliance the Ninth Circuit considered accepting substantial rather than strict compliance given that a relevant statute indicated that “the federal government is willing to accept ‘substantial compliance’ at least in some circumstances,” and “it makes sense that compliance cannot, as a practical matter, invariably be strict.” Id. There are some requirements for which strict compliance is appropriate, such as non-discrimination conditions. However, the factual history and latent ambiguity, as discussed above, show that as to the Attorney General’s conditions, strict compliance is impractical, particularly in light of the generalized nature of the statute and DOJ’s admittedly flexible expectations.
B. Substantial Compliance Can Apply to Grant Conditions Substantial compliance is a broadly recognized feature of contract law, as articulated in Judge Cardozo’s seminal opinion on the matter in Jacob & Youngs, Inc., v. Kent, 230 N.Y. 239 (Ct. App. N.Y. 1921). For example, one subset of contract cases in which substantial compliance has almost universally been applied is in determining whether an insurance policyholder has
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properly changed the beneficiary of their policy. Pennsylvania law routinely follows this formula. Cipriani v. Sun Life Ins. Co. of America, 757 F.2d 78, 81 (3d Cir. 1985) (“Pennsylvania courts will give effect to an insured’s intention to change the beneficiary on an insurance policy where, even in the absence of strict compliance with the policy provisions, the insured has made every reasonable effort under the circumstances to comply with those provisions.”) (citing Provident Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Ehrlich, 508 F.2d 129, 132–33 (3d Cir.1975); Skamoricus v. Konagiskie, 177 A. 809 (Pa. 1935); Ruggeri v. Griffiths, 173 A. 396 (Pa. 1934); see also, Teachers Ins. And Annuity Ass’n of America v. Bernardo, 683 F.Supp.2d 344 (E.D. Pa 2010). Federal courts likewise recognize this application of substantial compliance to the context of an attempt to change the beneficiary of an insurance policy, including under federal law. See, e.g., Phoenix Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Adams, 30 F.3d 554, 563 (4th Cir. 1994) (applying the doctrine of substantial compliance to determine whether an ERISA life insurance policy holder has changed the beneficiary of her plan, even though the plan provides for a very specific procedure to make such a modification); Cooper v. United States, 340 F.2d 845, 848 (6th Cir. 1965). The Fourth Circuit held that this application of the substantial compliance doctrine is legitimate because it “will not compromise any of the rights of or impose any additional obligations on plan administrators or sponsors,” and not applying it would lead to “relatively harsh results” for policy holders. Phoenix Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Adams, 30 F.3d at 563. Importantly, the Court noted that the doctrine is not in conflict with the statute, simply because the statute does not address the issue. Id.
The application of the substantial compliance doctrine to contract law is important for our purposes, as the acceptance of federal grant money conditioned on compliance with specified conditions has, as discussed above, been analogized over and over to a state entering into a
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contract with the federal government. As the Supreme Court has explained, “legislation enacted pursuant to the spending power is much in the nature of a contract: in return for federal funds, the States agree to comply with federally imposed conditions.” Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 16. Dole further emphasized that, as in any proposed contractual relationship, states absolutely retain the choice to accept or reject grant funds made available under Spending Clause legislation; opting in “remains the prerogative of the States not merely in theory but in fact.” 483 U.S. at 211-12.
The substantial compliance doctrine permits courts to avoid harsh outcomes where one party to a contract has complied with the substantive requirements imposed on it but has made mistakes or omissions with respect to the procedural aspects of the agreement. So long as it would not unfairly disfavor the other party, substantial compliance excuses these minor errors and dictates that the contract should be enforced. Pennsylvania law, for example, recognizes the doctrine of substantial compliance as a way of fashioning equitable relief, where appropriate, in the case of imperfect performance on a contract. Specifically, under this doctrine minor noncompliance with the terms of a contract may be excused. However, with regard to statutory and regulatory provisions, perfect compliance is the standard:
[T]he equitable doctrine of substantial performance may excuse unimportant omissions with regard to the terms or requirements of a contract between two parties; the doctrine of substantial performance will not excuse, however, failures of omission, important or otherwise, with regard to the requirements of a substantive regulation having the force and effect of law. Strict compliance with the requirements of statute and of the regulations duly promulgated in accordance therewith is mandatory; substantial compliance is insufficient.
Casey Ball Supports Coordination, LLC v. Department of Human Services, 160 A.3d 278, 283 (Cmwlth Ct. Pa. 2017) (quoting State College Manor, Ltd. V. Com., Dept. of Public Welfare, 92 Pa. Cmwlth. 89, 94 (Cmwlth Ct. Pa. 1985)); see also, Sgarlat v. Griffith, 349 Pa. 42 (Sup. Ct. Pa.
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1944)). Federal courts likewise regularly recognize the doctrine of substantial compliance in the context of contracts.
Federal courts have applied concepts central to contract law, to other areas of the law which track the defining features of contract law. Specifically, the Supreme Court has held that due to their similarity to contracts, consent decrees should be evaluated in light of governing principles in contract law: “since consent decrees and orders have many of the attributes of ordinary contracts, they should be construed basically as contracts…reliance upon certain aids to construction is proper, as with any other contract. Such aids include the circumstances surrounding the formation of the consent order, any technical meaning words used may have had to the parties, and any other documents expressly incorporated in the decree.” U.S. v. ITT Continental Baking Co., 420 U.S. 223, 237-38 (1975). Based on this same reasoning, the Ninth Circuit and the Tenth Circuit have both applied the concept of substantial compliance in evaluating the proper enforcement of consent decrees. Jeff D. v. Otter, 643 F.3d 278 (9th Cir. 2011); Joseph A. by Wolfe v. New Mexico Dept. of Human Services, 69 F.3d 1080, 1085-86 (10th Cir. 1995).
The supplemental briefs of the parties contend opposite views of the applicability of “substantial compliance” doctrine in this case. Neither side has cited, nor has the Court’s research found, a precedential appellate opinion that would allow or deny this concept in a similar case. The City relies on the type of analysis above. The government insists Congressional language, particularly Section 1373, harbors no exceptions, even for minor matters. Exercising its discretion, and noting the hesitancy to make firm decisions on some of the legal issues in this case, but finding that it is likely the City will prevail on one and possibly more of its contentions, the Court will apply the doctrine of substantial compliance and find that the City is in substantial compliance, as noted in the Findings of Fact, supra.
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XV. Irreparable Harm A. The Status Quo Although courts analyze four factors 29 in deciding whether to issue a preliminary
injunction, the underlying purpose of a preliminary injunction is to ensure that the parties do not change the underlying facts of a case in an “irreparably harmful” way before a court has the opportunity to decide a case on the merits.
In fact, many courts have observed that that the purpose of the preliminary injunction is this preservation of the status quo. See, e.g., Acierno v. New Castle Cty., 40 F.3d 645, 647 (3d Cir. 1994) (“A primary purpose of a preliminary injunction is maintenance of the status quo until a decision on the merits of a case is rendered.”); accord Hollon v. Mathis Independent School Dist., 491 F.2d 92 (5th Cir. 1974); Bath Industries, Inc. v. Blot, 427 F.2d 97 (7th Cir.). Due to the importance of maintaining the status quo, an injunction may not issue if it would disturb the status quo. See LaChemise Lacoste v. General Mills, Inc., 487 F.2d 312, 314 (3d Cir. 1973) (refusing to issue a preliminary injunction because it “would necessarily have gone beyond the maintenance of the status quo”). This Court finds that, given the long history of Philadelphia’s reliance on the annual receipt of Byrne JAG grants, and the absence of any evidence of abuse or misapplication, the preservation of the status quo is one substantial reason to grant the City’s motion for preliminary injunction.
B. Philadelphia Has Demonstrated Irreparable Harm The Attorney General contends that Philadelphia cannot demonstrate it will suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary injunctive relief. More specifically, the Attorney
29 (1) Whether the movant has shown a reasonable probability of success on the merits; (2) Whether the movant will be irreparably injured by denial of the relief; (3) whether granting preliminary relief will result in even greater harm to the nonmoving party; and (4) whether granting the preliminary relief will be in the public interest. American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey v. Black Horse Pike Regional Bd. of Educ., 84 F.3d 1471, 1477 n.2 (3d Cir. 1996).
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General cites to National Federal, stating that the Supreme Court’s Tenth Amendment “coerciveness” analysis shows the City cannot demonstrate irreparable harm by virtue of “abandoning its right to self-government.” This point somewhat conflates two areas of the law: the “irreparable harm” element of preliminary injunctions and the constitutional threshold for Tenth Amendment “coerciveness.” Nonetheless, because the city’s potential Byrne grant is only $1.6 million in FY 2017, it represents less than .1% of Philadelphia’s overall annual budget. The worst that could happen, according to the Attorney General, is that the DOJ moves forward on its Byrne awards and Philadelphia is found ineligible for a tiny fraction of its budget.
Philadelphia, on the other hand, notes that the $1.6 million represents far more than portrayed by the Attorney General, who asserts that the $1.6 million is a very minor part of the overall City budget, or even the PPD’s $600 million budget. However, the city shows approximately 97% of the PPD’s budget is tied to wages and personnel costs, which means the $1.6 million represents approximately 10% of the remaining PPD budget.
With the additional funds, the City intends to bolster several criminal justice initiatives, including a dramatic expansion in the availability of naloxone for its officers to revive civilians experiencing opioid overdose. Because the City administered naloxone approximately 300 times last year, but opioid overdoses still accounted for 900 deaths in the City, Philadelphia seeks to use a portion of the Byrne funds to bolster its officers’ ability to administer naloxone in the field. Given the seriousness of the opioid crisis and its effects on the City, Philadelphia contends that, “[w]ithout hyperbole: These projects save lives.” (Pl’s Mot. at 5).
Determining “what may constitute irreparable harm in a particular case is, of course, dependent upon the particular circumstances of the case.” Oburn v. Shapp, 521 F.2d 142, 151 (3d Cir. 1975). The party moving for a preliminary injunction “must demonstrate both a likelihood of
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success on the merits and the probability of irreparable harm if relief is not granted.” Morton v. Beyer, 822 F.2d 364, 367 (3d Cir. 1987). However, “[e]stablishing a risk of irreparable harm is not enough. A plaintiff has the burden of proving a ‘clear showing of immediate irreparable injury.’” ECRI v. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 809 F.2d 223, 226 (3d Cir. 1987) (quoting Continental Group, Inc. v. Amoco Chemical Corp., 614 F.2d 351, 359 (3d Cir. 1980).
To demonstrate irreparable harm, the moving party may point to potential harm which cannot be redressed by a legal or equitable remedy following trial. See Instant Air Freight Co. v. C.F. Air Freight, Inc., 882 F.2d 797 (1989) (citing Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo, 456 U.S. 305 (1982) (“The Court has repeatedly held that the basis for injunctive relief in the federal courts has always been irreparable injury and the inadequacy of legal remedies.”).
The City has proven, by a preponderance of the evidence, that it is faced with a “stark choice” among the following:
(1) changing its policies to comply with the Jail Access, Advance Notification, and Certification conditions;
(2) accepting the grant award knowing that the City may be later deemed out of compliance with the three conditions, thereby subjecting itself to debarment, administrating sanctions, and funding denials; or
(3) forfeiting $1.6 million in funding. The first option would cause irreparable harm in light of this Court’s finding that the conditions are likely unconstitutional, because changing the City’s policies to conform to the Attorney General’s conditions would constitute a form of Constitutional harm. See Council of Alternative Political Parties v. Hooks, 121 F.3d 876, 883 (3d Cir. 1997) (“Having concluded that requiring plaintiffs to file their petitions by April 10 likely violates their constitutional rights, it clearly follows that denying them preliminary injunctive relief will cause them to be irreparably injured.”); accord County of Santa Clara v. Trump, No. 17-v-00485, 2017 WL 1459081, at *27
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(N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017) (plaintiff established a “constitutional injury” and irreparable harm “by being forced to comply with an unconstitutional law or else face financial injury”); See also City of El Cenizo v. State, 17-cv-404, 2017 WL 3763098 (W.D. Tex. Aug. 30, 2017).
The City has also demonstrated that the first option would lead to irreparable reputational harm.
The second option would cause irreparable harm for the same reason. For example, this Court may eventually find at the merits stage that the Certification Condition is unconstitutional under the Spending Clause, and that the other two conditions were imposed outside the Attorney General’s statutory authority. In this example, during the period between this opinion and the final decision of this case on the merits, the City would likely have been denied the funds or later found out of compliance with the conditions at issue. This risk of injury for non-compliance is not speculative: the DOJ’s letter to Philadelphia on October 15, 2017 clearly stated that the DOJ considers the City to be out of compliance with Section 1373. A finding of non-compliance from DOJ could cause debarment and sanctions, clear forms of irreparable injury.
The third option, i.e., foregoing receipt of the funds to which Philadelphia may be entitled, would cause irreparable harm. Philadelphia is faced with a “Hobson’s Choice” between, on the one hand, complying with a law it credibly believes is unconstitutional, and on the other hand, foregoing funds it plans to use for life-saving projects. In City of Chicago v. Sessions, the Court found that a similar “Hobson’s Choice” constituted irreparable harm, because it forced Chicago to decide between foregoing the “relatively modest Byrne” funds or submitting to a potentially unconstitutional law. 2017 WL 4081821, at *13 (citing Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 504 U.S. 374 (1992) (finding injunctive relief available where “respondents were faced with a Hobson’s Choice” between acquiescing to a law they credibly believed to be unconstitutional and
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 74 Filed 11/15/17 Page 129 of 132 violating the law under pain of liability). The Attorney General cannot argue against the imposition of a preliminary injunction by virtue of the fact that the City has the third option. The choice itself demonstrates irreparable harm.
Moreover, the City has also demonstrated that irreparable harm would result if it is forced to decline the Byrne funds. In United Steelworkers of America, AFL-CIO v. Fort Pitt Steel Casting, the Third Circuit found the plaintiff demonstrated irreparable harm 598 F.2d 1273 (1979)
The City’s criminal justice agencies have a fixed quantity of resources, most of which must be dedicated to personnel costs. With the Byrne funds, the City aspired to expand its police officers’ capacity to deliver naloxone to civilians who overdose as a result of opioid abuse which President Trump and many members of Congress, have described as a major public health crisis. Even if this Court were to later require the Attorney General to repay the improperly withheld $1.6 million, the City has demonstrated a high risk of irreparable harm during the intervening months, in the form of loss of human life.
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XVI. Balance of Equities and the Public Interest The last two factors in the preliminary injunction analysis are whether “the balance of the
equities tips in [the City’s] favor, and [whether] an injunction is in the public interest.” Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, 555 U.S. at 20. Where the Government is a party, the last two factors in the preliminary injunction analysis merge. Nken v. Holder, 556 U.S. 418, 435 (2009).
The City’s submissions—and those of the amici curiae—present anecdotes and statistics to emphasize the importance of the City’s confidentiality policies with respect to immigration status information. Moreover, the City presented several detailed declarations as well as witnesses at an evidentiary hearing expounding upon the importance of the funds that the City could utilize if the conditions were not applied to the JAG Program funds. The DOJ, in contrast, declined to present any witnesses at the evidentiary hearing and presented only two declarations, neither of which contains any detailed discussion of the potential effect on Federal immigration enforcement should the Challenged Conditions be preliminarily enjoined.
This Court finds that the public interest is better served if the City is not forced to choose between foregoing the JAG Grant funds and losing hard-fought goodwill amongst the immigrant community. Moreover, enjoining the imposition of the Challenged Conditions with respect to Philadelphia would only cause the DOJ—at most—a minor hardship: paying funds that Congress had appropriated for disbursement consistent with the purposes of the Byrne JAG Program. The third and fourth factors of the preliminary injunction standard are unquestionably in favor of Philadelphia.
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XVII. CONCLUSION The judicial function in resolving disputes should maximize harmonization, and minimize
conflict, as much as the facts allow. Settlement of disputes is, of course, an important judicial function, reflected in the fact that 99% of civil cases in the United States are resolved before trial – some by motion practice, but most by amicable agreements. When, as in this case, a settlement is not feasible, and in particular, government entities are at odds, seeking a resolution which serves the public interest is paramount – and looking to preserve common interest is important.
Both the federal government and the City of Philadelphia have important interests at stake here and the Court does not minimize either of their concerns. The extended discussion of the “intersection” between criminal law and immigration law shows that the approaches of DOJ and the City have significant congruence, but also, departures – and each serves different functions. Immigration law is, of course, exclusively a federal concern; but criminal laws are federal, state, and local. Each sovereign has significant interests in enforcement, but cities, such as Philadelphia, have concerns and issues that operate outside of both immigration law and criminal law.
There is nothing inherently wrong or unusual with imposing conditions on the receipt of benefits. The operatic hero Orfeo was allowed to escape Hades with his deceased and beloved Eurydice, conditioned on his not looking at her, but when he does, she dies; Mephistopheles grants Faust eternal knowledge and pleasure on the condition that Faust surrender his soul; and Salome, the title character demands the head of St. John the Baptist as a condition to dance for King Herod. However, in real life, the Courts, in interpreting the Constitution, and Congress in enacting laws, as detailed at some length in this Memorandum, have interposed restrictions on the Executive’s ability to impose conditions on the transfer of benefits to local governments.
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Federalism is not an island floating in some distant ocean; there are many bridges, connecting federal, state and local governments. Some of these “bridges” are paved with money, some with conditions, and some with both. The Byrne JAG grants are one of the latter. Principles of federalism allow a city to deal with local issues as it sees best. The supremacy clause of the Constitution gives the federal government the final say – if, as, and when there is a conflict. In this case, given Philadelphia’s unique approach to meshing the legitimate needs of the federal government to remove criminal aliens with the City’s promotion of health and safety, there is no conflict of any significance. For all these reasons, the Court finds Philadelphia can properly certify, as required by Section 1373, its substantial compliance with Byrne JAG conditions, and the Attorney General will be enjoined from denying the City’s Byrne JAG grant for FY 2017.
An appropriate Order follows.30
O:\CIVIL 17\17-3894 City v Sessions\17cv3894 Memorandum re Motion for Prelim Inj.docx
30 The Order is entered with recognition that the City of Chicago injunction is presently in effect as to two of the Challenged Conditions. If this legal status changes, Plaintiff may apply for further relief.
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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 84 Filed 01/08/18 Page 1 of 53
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,

Plaintiff,

v.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,

Defendant.

AMENDED COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY, INJUNCTIVE, AND MANDAMUS RELIEF
Plaintiff, the City of Philadelphia, hereby alleges as follows: INTRODUCTION
1. The City of Philadelphia (“Philadelphia” or “the City”) brings this action to enjoin the Attorney General of the United States from imposing new and unprecedented requirements on the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (“Byrne JAG”). Philadelphia seeks a declaratory judgment that the new conditions are contrary to law, unconstitutional, and arbitrary and capricious. Philadelphia also seeks a declaratory judgment confirming that its policies comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (“Section 1373”), to the extent that statute is lawfully deemed applicable to the Byrne JAG program. Additionally, given the Court’s granting of the City’s motion for preliminary injunction and the continued failure to disburse the City’s fiscal year 2017 Byrne JAG funds for months after the end of that fiscal year, the City seeks mandamus relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361, compelling the immediate release of its award.
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2. Philadelphia has a vibrant immigrant community. Immigrants are an integral part of Philadelphia’s workforce, small business sector, school and college population, and civic associations; their success is vital to the City’s success. To ensure that Philadelphia’s immigrant community continues to thrive, the City has adopted policies that seek to foster trust between the immigrant population and City officials and employees, and to encourage people of all backgrounds to take full advantage of the City’s resources and opportunities. Several of those policies protect the confidentiality of individuals’ immigration and citizenship status information, and prevent the unnecessary disclosure of that information to third parties. The rationale behind these policies is that if immigrants, including undocumented immigrants, do not fear adverse consequences to themselves or to their families from interacting with City officers, they are more likely to report crimes, apply for public benefits to which they are entitled, enroll their children in Philadelphia’s public schools, request health services like vaccines, and—all in all—contribute more fully to the City’s health and prosperity.
3. Philadelphia also practices community policing. And, like most major cities, it has determined that public safety is best promoted without the City’s active involvement in the enforcement of federal immigration law. To the contrary, Philadelphia has long recognized that a resident’s immigration status has no bearing on his or her contributions to the community or on his or her likelihood to commit crimes, and that when people with foreign backgrounds are afraid to cooperate with the police, public safety in Philadelphia is compromised. For this reason, the Philadelphia Police Department (“PPD”) has for many years prohibited its officers from asking individuals with whom they interact about their immigration status. Police officers also do not stop or question people on account of their immigration status, do not in any way act as immigration enforcement agents, and are particularly protective of the confidential information
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of victims and witnesses to crimes. In Philadelphia’s experience—with property crimes currently at their lowest since 1971, robberies at their lowest since 1969, and violent crime the lowest since 1979— these policies have promoted the City’s safety by facilitating greater cooperation with the immigrant community writ large.
4. For over a decade, Philadelphia has pursued the above policies while also relying upon the funding supplied by the Byrne JAG program to support critical criminal justice programming in the City. Indeed, the Byrne JAG award has become a staple in Philadelphia’s budget and is today an important source of funding for the PPD, District Attorney’s Office, and local court system. Since the grant was created in 2005, Philadelphia has applied for—and successfully been awarded—its local allocation every year. Philadelphia has never had any conflicts with the federal government in obtaining Byrne JAG funds.
5. That is all changing. On July 25, 2017, the Department of Justice (“DOJ” or “the Department”) notified Philadelphia that, as a condition to receiving any Byrne JAG funds in fiscal year 2017, Philadelphia must comply with three conditions. Philadelphia must: (1) certify, as part of its FY 2017 grant application, that the City complies with Section 1373, a statute which bars states and localities from adopting policies that restrict immigration-related communications between state and local officials and the federal government; (2) permit officials from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) (which includes U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”)) to access “any detention facility” maintained by Philadelphia in order to meet with persons of interest to DHS; and (3) provide at least 48 hours’ advance notice
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to DHS regarding the “scheduled release date and time” of an inmate for whom DHS requests such advance notice.1
6. The Department has since revised the latter two conditions to instead require Byrne JAG recipients to have in place (1) a “local ordinance, -rule, -regulation, -policy, or practice . . . that is designed to ensure that [any, not just DHS] agents of the United States . . . are given access [to] a local-government . . . correctional facility” to meet with individuals believed to be aliens and question them, and (2) a “local ordinance, -rule, -regulation, -policy, or -practice . . . that is designed to ensure that, when a local-government . . . correctional facility receives from DHS a formal written request . . . [for] advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such facility, then such facility will honor such request and—as early as practicable . . . provide the requested notice to DHS.”2
7. The imposition of these conditions marks a radical departure from the Department of Justice’s past grant-making practices. No statute permits the Attorney General to impose these conditions on the Byrne JAG program. Although Congress delegated certain authorities to the Attorney General to administer Byrne JAG awards, the Attorney General has far exceeded that delegation here. Moreover, even if Congress had intended to authorize the Attorney General to attach conditions of this nature to JAG grants (which it did not), that would have been unlawful: Demanding that localities certify compliance with Section 1373, allow ICE agents unrestrained access to their prisons, or provide ICE advance notification of inmates’ scheduled release dates as conditions of receiving Byrne JAG funds, would flout the limits of Congress’ Spending Clause powers under the United States Constitution.
1 U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Backgrounder On Grant Requirements (July 25, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/h5uxMX; see also Dkt. 1-1. 2 See, e.g., Dkt. 21-6 (County of Greenville Award Letter).
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8. Simply put, the Attorney General’s imposition of these three conditions on the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant is contrary to law, unconstitutional, and arbitrary and capricious. That action should be enjoined and the City’s award should be made and disbursed.
9. The Department of Justice’s decision to impose its sweeping conditions upon Byrne JAG grantees represents the latest affront in the Administration’s ever-escalating attempts to force localities to forsake their local discretion and act as agents of the federal government. Within the President’s first week in office, he signed an Executive Order commanding federal agencies to withhold funds from so-called “sanctuary cities”—i.e., cities that have exercised their basic rights to self-government and have chosen to focus their resources on local priorities rather than on federal immigration enforcement.3 After a federal court enjoined much of that Order,4 the Department of Justice singled out Philadelphia along with eight other jurisdictions by demanding that these jurisdictions certify their compliance with Section 1373 by June 30, 2017. The Department warned the localities that their failure to certify compliance “could result in the withholding of [Byrne JAG] funds, suspension or termination of the [Byrne JAG] grant, ineligibility for future OJP grants or subgrants, or other action.”5 By this time in the grant funding schedule, Philadelphia had already appropriated and in most cases obligated the funds it received under the FY 2016 JAG award to a number of important programs to strengthen its criminal justice system. None of the planned FY 2017 JAG funds have been able to be obligated or spent.
3 Exec. Order No. 13768, “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,” 82 Fed. Reg. 8799 (Jan. 25, 2017). 4 County of Santa Clara v. Trump, --- F. Supp. 3d ----, 2017 WL 1459081 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017). 5 Letter from Alan R. Hanson, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Office of Justice Programs, to Major Jim Kenney, City of Philadelphia (Apr. 21, 2017).
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10. Without any facts or support, the Attorney General has claimed that “the lawless practices” of cities he characterizes as “so-called ‘sanctuary’ jurisdictions . . . make our country less safe.”6 Philadelphia’s experience is quite the opposite: Philadelphia has witnessed a reduction in crime of over 17 percent since the City formally adopted policies protecting the confidentiality of its constituents.
11. Philadelphia certified its compliance with Section 1373 on June 22, 2017. Fundamentally, Philadelphia explained that it complies with Section 1373 because its agents do not collect immigration status information in the first place, and, as a result, the City is in no position to share or restrict the sharing of information it simply does not have. At the same time, the City explained, if immigration status information does inadvertently come into the City’s possession, Philadelphia’s policies allow local law enforcement to cooperate with federal authorities and to share identifying information about criminal suspects in the City. For these reasons and others, Philadelphia certified that it complies with all of the obligations that Section 1373 can constitutionally be read to impose on localities.
12. In response to the certifications filed in June 2017 by Philadelphia and other jurisdictions, the Attorney General issued a press release condemning those submissions. He did not offer his definition of compliance or any details on the aspects of any locality’s policies he considered illegal; he said only that “[i]t is not enough to assert compliance” and that “jurisdictions must actually be in compliance.”7
6 Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Attorney General Jeff Sessions Delivers Remarks on Violent Crime to Federal, State and Local Law Enforcement (Apr. 28, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/sk37qN. 7 Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Department of Justice Reviewing Letters from Ten Potential Sanctuary Jurisdictions (July 6, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/of8UhG; see also Dkt. 1-2.
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13. Against this backdrop, the Department of Justice announced in a July 25, 2017 press release that it would now be imposing two additional conditions on jurisdictions applying for FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding, along with another mandatory certification of compliance with Section 1373. The fiscal year 2017 application was due on September 5, 2017. Philadelphia submitted a timely application.
14. The Attorney General’s action was an unlawful, ultra vires attempt to force Philadelphia to abandon its policies and accede to the Administration’s political agenda. It is one thing for the Department of Justice to disagree with Philadelphia as a matter of policy; it is quite another thing for the Department to violate both a congressionally-defined program and the Constitution in seeking to compel Philadelphia to forfeit its autonomy.
15. In response, Philadelphia now seeks a declaration from this Court that the Department of Justice’s imposition of the new conditions to Byrne JAG funding was unlawful. That agency action is contrary to federal statute, contrary to the Constitution’s separation of powers, and arbitrary and capricious. Further, even if Congress had intended to permit the Attorney General’s action, it would violate the Spending Clause. The City also seeks a declaration from this Court that, to the extent Section 1373 can be made an applicable condition to the receipt of Byrne JAG funds, Philadelphia is in full compliance with that provision.
16. The City also seeks injunctive relief. It requests that this Court permanently enjoin the Department of Justice from imposing these three conditions in conjunction with the FY 2017 Byrne JAG application, and any future grants under the Byrne JAG program. Further, the City seeks any other injunctive relief the Court deems necessary and appropriate to allow Philadelphia to receive its FY 2017 JAG allocation as Philadelphia has since the inception of the JAG program, and as Congress intended.
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17. Finally, given the Court’s granting the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction and the Department’s continued refusal to disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 JAG award, the City now seeks a writ of mandamus, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361, compelling the Attorney General and the Department of Justice to disburse the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG allocation, in accordance with the Byrne JAG authorizing statute and its formula established by Congress. Importantly, Congress allocated the JAG funds specifically for fiscal year 2017, the fiscal year is now over, and the money is still not disbursed.
PARTIES 18. Plaintiff Philadelphia is a municipal corporation, constituted in 1701 under the Proprietor’s Charter. William Penn, its founder, was a Quaker and early advocate for religious freedom and freedom of thought, having experienced persecution firsthand in his native England. He fashioned Philadelphia as a place of tolerance and named it such. “Philadelphia,” the City of Brotherly Love, derives from the Greek words “philos,” meaning love or friendship, and “adelphos,” meaning brother. 19. Philadelphia is now the sixth-largest city in the United States and is home to almost 1.6 million residents. About 200,000 Philadelphia residents, or 13 percent of the City’s overall population, are foreign-born, which includes approximately 50,000 undocumented immigrants. The number of undocumented Philadelphia residents therefore account for roughly one of every four foreign-born Philadelphians. 20. Defendant Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III is the Attorney General of the United States. The Attorney General is sued in his official capacity. The Attorney General is the federal official in charge of the United States Department of Justice, which took and threatens imminently to take the governmental actions at issue in this lawsuit.
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JURISDICTION AND VENUE 21. The Court has subject matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1346. The Court is authorized to issue the relief sought here under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 702, 705, 706, the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201, 2202, and the Mandamus Statute, 28 U.S.C. § 1361. 22. Venue is proper in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(e)(1) because substantial events giving rise to this action occurred therein and because Philadelphia resides therein.
FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS I. PHILADELPHIA’S POLICIES
23. As the City of Brotherly Love, Philadelphia is recognized as a vital hub for immigrants from across the globe who seek good jobs and better futures for themselves and their families. A study by the Brookings Institute found “Philadelphia’s current flow of immigrants [to be] sizable, varied, and . . . grow[ing] at a moderately fast clip.”8
24. Philadelphia’s policies developed over time to address the needs and concerns of its growing immigrant community. Today, Philadelphia has four sets of policies relevant to the present suit, as each concern the City’s efforts to engender trust with the City’s immigrant community and bring individuals from that community into the fold of City life. These policies work. They are discussed in turn below.
8 Audrey Singer et al., Recent Immigration to Philadelphia: Regional Change in a Re-Emerging Gateway, Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings (Nov. 2008), https://goo.gl/pZOnJx.
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A. Philadelphia’s Police Department Memorandum 01-06 25. Decades ago, the Philadelphia Police Department recognized that a resident’s immigration status was irrelevant to effective policing and, if anything, that asking about an individual’s immigration status hampers police investigations. For that reason, PPD officers were trained to refrain from asking persons about their immigration status when investigating crimes or conducting routine patrols. 26. That practice was formalized into policy on May 17, 2001, when Philadelphia’s then-Police Commissioner John F. Timoney issued Memorandum 01-06, entitled “Departmental Policy Regarding Immigrants” (“Memorandum 01-06”).9 The Memorandum states that one of its overarching goals is for “the Police Department [to] preserve the confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to the maximum extent permitted by law.” Memorandum 01-06 ¶ 2B. 27. Memorandum 01-06 generally prohibits police officers in Philadelphia from unnecessarily disclosing individuals’ immigration status information to other entities. The Memorandum sets out this non-disclosure instruction, and three exceptions, as follows: “In order to safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant, police personnel will transmit such information to federal immigration authorities only when: (1) required by law, or (2) the immigrant requests, in writing, that the information be provided, to verify his or her immigration status, or (3) the immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, including attempts to obtain public assistance benefits through the use of fraudulent documents.” Memorandum 01-06 ¶¶ 3A-3B.
9 See Dkt. 1-3 (Memorandum 01-06). 10

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28. Notwithstanding the instruction to “safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant,” Memorandum 01-06 also directs police officers to continue adhering to typical law enforcement protocols for the reporting and investigating of crimes. Section 3B of the Memorandum provides that “[s]worn members of the Police Department who obtain information on immigrants suspected of criminal activity will comply with normal crime reporting and investigating procedures.” Id. ¶ 3B. This mandate applies irrespective of the criminal suspect’s identity or immigration status. Section 3C further instructs that “[t]he Philadelphia Police Department will continue to cooperate with federal authorities in investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities.” Id. ¶ 3C. But as to “immigrants who are victims of crimes,” the Memorandum provides a blanket assurance of confidentiality. Such persons “will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner.” Id.
29. The Philadelphia Police Department’s policy was motivated by the desire to encourage members of Philadelphia’s immigrant community to make use of City services and to cooperate with the police without fear of negative repercussions. See id. ¶¶ 2B, 3C. Indeed, an essential tenet of modern policing is that police departments should engender trust from the communities they serve so that members of those communities will come forward with reports of criminal wrongdoing, regardless of their immigration status or that of their loved ones. Numerous police chiefs and criminal law enforcement experts have echoed that finding.10
10 See Hearing before the Comm. on Homeland Security & Gov’t Affairs of the United States Senate, May 24, 2014 (statement of J. Thomas Manger, Chief of Police of Montgomery County, Maryland) (conveying that the “moment” immigrant “victims and witnesses begin to fear that their local police will deport them, cooperation with their police then ceases”); Chuck Wexler, Police Chiefs Across the Country Support Sanctuary Cities Because They Keep Crime Down, L.A. Times (Mar. 6, 2017), https://goo.gl/oQs9AT (similar).
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30. Philadelphia has witnessed firsthand the positive effects that increased trust between communities, including immigrant communities, and the police, has on law and order. In part due to the tireless efforts of the PPD to forge that trust with the immigrant community, the City has seen a drop in its overall crime rate.
31. The success of Philadelphia’s policies should come as no surprise. A systematic review of municipalities’ “sanctuary city” policies, defined as “at least one law or formal resolution limiting local enforcement of immigration laws as of 2001,” found that policies of this nature were inversely correlated with rates of robbery and homicide—meaning that “sanctuary policies” made cities safer.11 Indeed, cities with these policies saw lower rates of crime even among immigrant populations.12 Social science research confirms that when there is a concern of deportation, immigrant communities are less likely to approach the police to report crime.13
32. Recent events also confirm the positive relationship between policies that forge community trust with immigrant populations and the overall reporting of crimes. Since President Trump was elected and announced plans to increase deportations and crack down on so-called
11 See Christopher Lyons, Maria B. Ve’lez, & Wayne A. Santoro, Neighborhood Immigration, Violence, and City-Level Immigrant Political Opportunities, 78 American Sociological Review, no. 4, pp. 9, 14-19 (June 17, 2013). 12 Id. at 14, 18. 13 Cecilia Menjiyar & Cynthia L. Bejarano, Latino Immigrants’ Perceptions of Crime and Police Authorities in the United States: A Case Study from the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, 27 Ethnic and Racial Studies, no. 1, pp. 120-148 (Jan. 2004) (“As these cases illustrate, when there is a threat of immigration officials’ intervention, immigrants (particularly those who fear any contacts with these officials due to their uncertain legal status, as is the case of the Mexicans and Central Americans in this study) are more reluctant to call the police because they are aware of the links between the two.”).
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sanctuary cities, overall crime reporting by Latinos in three major cities—including in Philadelphia—“markedly decline[d]” as compared to reporting by non-Latinos.14
B. Philadelphia’s Confidentiality Order 33. Philadelphia’s policies that engender confidence between its immigrant population and City officials extend beyond its police-related protocols. Indeed, the City’s hallmark policy in building trust with all city service offerings is its “Confidentiality Order,” signed by then-Mayor Michael A. Nutter on November 10, 2009. See Executive Order No. 8-09, “Policy Concerning Access of Immigrants to City Services” (“Confidentiality Order”).15 That policy recognizes that the City as a whole fares better if all residents, including undocumented immigrants, pursue health care services, enroll their children in public education, and report crimes. 34. The Confidentiality Order instructs City officials to protect the confidentiality of individuals’ immigration status information in order to “promote the utilization of [City] services by all City residents and visitors who are entitled to and in need of them, including immigrants.” See Confidentiality Order preamble. It intends that all immigrants, regardless of immigration status, equally come forward to access City services to which they are entitled, without having to fear “negative consequences to their personal lives.” Id. The Order defines “confidential information” as “any information obtained and maintained by a City agency related to an individual’s immigration status.” Id. § 3A.
14 Rob Arthur, Latinos in Three Cities Are Reporting Fewer Crimes Since Trump Took Office, FiveThirtyEight (May 18, 2017), https://goo.gl/ft1fwW (surveying trends in Philadelphia, Dallas, and Denver). 15 See Dkt. 1-4 (Confidentiality Order).
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35. The Confidentiality Order directs City officers and employees to refrain from affirmatively collecting information about immigration status, unless that information is necessary to the officer or employee’s specific task or the collection is otherwise required by law. The Order states: “No City officer or employee, other than law enforcement officers, shall inquire about a person’s immigration status unless: (1) documentation of such person’s immigration status is legally required for the determination of program, service or benefit eligibility . . . or (2) such officer or employee is required by law to inquire about such person’s immigration status.” Id. § 2A.
36. The Confidentiality Order has additional mandates for law enforcement officers. It directs that officers “shall not” stop, question, detain, or arrest an individual solely because of his perceived immigration status; shall not “inquire about a person’s immigration status, unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime”; and shall not “inquire regarding immigration status for the purpose of enforcing immigration laws.” Id. §§ 2B(1), (2), (4). Witnesses and victims are afforded special protection: Law enforcement officers “shall not . . . inquire about the immigration status of crime victims, witnesses, or others who call or approach the police seeking help.” Id. § 2B(3).
37. The Confidentiality Order also requires City officers and employees to avoid making unnecessary disclosures of immigration status information that may inadvertently come into their possession. Id. § 3B (“No City officer or employee shall disclose confidential information[.]”). But the Order permits disclosure both by City “officer[s] or employee[s],” when “such disclosure is required by law,” or when the subject individual “is suspected . . . of engaging in criminal activity.” Id. § 3B(2)-(3).
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38. Philadelphia’s Confidentiality Order, like the PPD’s Memorandum 01-06, is motivated by concerns among officials across local government—from the City’s health and social services departments to its law enforcement departments—that members of Philadelphia’s immigrant community, especially those who are undocumented, would otherwise not access the municipal services to which they and their families are entitled and would avoid reporting crimes to the police, for fear of exposing themselves or their family members to adverse immigration consequences. The City’s Confidentiality Order and Memorandum 01-06 play a vital role in mitigating undesired outcomes like neighborhoods where crimes go unreported, where families suffer from preventable diseases, and where children do not go to school.
39. Indeed, notwithstanding the Attorney General’s claim that “[t]he residents of Philadelphia have been victimized” because the City has “giv[en] sanctuary to criminals,”16 Philadelphia’s crime statistics tell a very different story. Since 2009, when the Confidentiality Order was enacted, Philadelphia has witnessed a decrease in crime of over 17 percent, including a 20 percent decrease in violent crime. Tellingly, the Administration offers not a single statistic or fact to support their allegations otherwise—either publicly or as a part of the JAG solicitation announcing the requirement of the three new conditions. This is because the Administration has no support for its claims that sanctuary cities promote crime or lawlessness.
C. Philadelphia’s Policies on Responding to ICE Detainer and Notification Requests
40. On April 16, 2014, shortly after the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit issued a decision concluding that “detainer” requests sent by ICE are voluntary upon localities, see Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634, 640 (3d Cir. 2014), then-Mayor Nutter signed
16 Rebecca R. Ruiz, Sessions Presses Immigration Agenda in Philadelphia, a Sanctuary City, N.Y. Times (July 21, 2017), https://goo.gl/4EDuuo.
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Executive Order No. 1-14, entitled “Policy Regarding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency Detainer Requests” (“Detainer Order I”).17
41. Detainer Order I stated that under the “Secure Communities” program, the U.S. Immigration and Customs and Enforcement Agency had been “shift[ing] the burden of federal civil immigration enforcement onto local law enforcement, including shifting costs of detention of individuals in local custody who would otherwise be released.” Detainer Order I preamble.
42. Accordingly, Detainer Order I announced a policy that “[n]o person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request . . . nor shall notice of his or her pending release be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” Id. § 1. The Order instructed the “Police Commissioner, the Superintendent of Prisons and all other relevant officials of the City” to “take appropriate action to implement this order.” Id. § 2.
43. Detainer Order I was partly rescinded at the end of then-Mayor Nutter’s term. After his election and upon taking office, on January 4, 2016, Mayor James F. Kenney signed a new order dealing with ICE detainer and notification requests. Its title was the same as Mayor Nutter’s prior order and it was numbered Executive Order No. 5-16 (“Detainer Order II”).18
44. Detainer Order II states that, although ICE had “recently discontinued its ‘Secure Communities’ program” and “the Department of Homeland Security and ICE have initiated the new Priority Enforcement Program (PEP) to replace Secure Communities[,] . . . it is incumbent upon the Federal government and its agencies to both listen to individuals concerned with this
17 See Dkt. 1-5 (Detainer Order I). 18 See Dkt. 1-6 (Detainer Order II).
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new program, and ensure that community members are both informed and invested in the program’s success.” Detainer Order II preamble. Until that occurs, Detainer Order II directs that Philadelphia officers “should not comply with detainer requests unless they are supported by a judicial warrant and they pertain to an individual being released after conviction for a first or second-degree felony involving violence.” Id.
45. Detainer Order II therefore provides: “No person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request . . . nor shall notice of his or her pending release be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” Id. § 1. The Order instructs “the Police Commissioner, the Prisons Commissioner and all other relevant officials of the City” to “take appropriate action to implement this order.” Id. § 2.
46. As a result of Detainer Orders I and II, Philadelphia prison authorities stopped notifying ICE of the forthcoming release of inmates, unless ICE provided the authorities a notification request that was accompanied by a judicial warrant. This has been the practice in the prisons since the signing of Detainer Order I in April 2014 through the date of this filing. Because the vast majority of individuals in Philadelphia’s prison facilities are pre-trial or presentence detainees, however, the vast majority of detainer or notification requests that the City receives from ICE concern persons without scheduled release dates. Since January 2016, only three individuals for whom ICE sent Philadelphia detainer or notification requests and who were in City custody had been serving a sentence after being convicted of a crime. Every other individual for whom ICE sent a detainer or notification request during that time period was an
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individual in a pre-trial, pre-sentencing, or temporary detention posture, whose release could often be ordered with no advance notification to local authorities.
47. On March 22, 2017, the City’s First Deputy Managing Director, Brian Abernathy, clarified by memorandum that, although Executive Order 5-16 (Detainer Order II) suggested that in order for the City to cooperate with an ICE notification request, there needed to be both a “judicial warrant” and a prior conviction by the inmate for a first or second degree felony, that text did not and does not reflect the practice of the City’s prisons.19 Mr. Abernathy explained that the historical practice of the Department of Prisons has been to “cooperat[e] with all federal criminal warrants, including criminal warrants obtained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement,” and “[b]y signing Executive Order 5-16, Mayor Kenney did not intend to alter this cooperation.” Accordingly, Mr. Abernathy’s memorandum stated that “the Department is directed to continue to cooperate with all federal agencies, including ICE, when presented with a warrant to the same extent it cooperated before Executive Order 5-16.” Philadelphia therefore continues to comply with ICE advance notification requests, regardless of the crime for which the individual was convicted, when ICE also presents a “judicial warrant.”
48. Philadelphia’s policies on detainer requests—that is, of complying with ICE requests to detain an individual for a brief period of time or to provide advance notification of a person’s release only if ICE presents a judicial warrant—serve an important function in the City. Like Police Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order, these policies forge trust with the immigrant community because they convey the message that Philadelphia’s local law enforcement authorities are not federal immigration enforcement agents. They tell residents that if they find themselves in the City’s custody and are ordered released, they will be released—not
19 See Dkt. 1-7 (Abernathy’s March 22, 2017 internal memorandum). 18

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turned over to ICE unless a judge has determined such action is warranted. For instance, if a member of the immigrant community is arrested for a petty infraction and is temporarily detained in a Philadelphia Prison facility, or if he or she is arrested and then released the next morning, the City will not voluntarily detain that individual at the request of ICE or alert ICE to their release—unless, in the rare circumstance, ICE presents a judicial warrant. This message of assurance is important to community trust: Philadelphia’s residents do not have to fear that each and every encounter with the local police is going to land them in an ICE detention center. After all, lawful immigrants and even citizens can be wrongfully caught up in alleged immigration enforcement actions.
49. Philadelphia’s detainer policies also ensure fair treatment for all of Philadelphia’s residents, immigrants and non-immigrants alike. Just as Philadelphia would not detain an individual at the request of the FBI for 48 hours without a judicial warrant, Philadelphia will not do so at the request of ICE. The City believes that all persons should be treated with equal dignity and respect, whatever their national origin or immigration status.
D. Philadelphia’s Policies on ICE Access to Prisons 50. The Philadelphia Prison System (“PPS”) is managed by the Philadelphia Department of Prisons (“PDP”). PDP operates six facilities: (1) the Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility, which is PPS’ largest facility and contains 256 cells; (2) the Detention Center; (3) the House of Correction; (4) the Philadelphia Industrial Correctional Center (“PICC”); (5) the Riverside Correctional Facility; and (6) the Alternative & Special Detention facilities. 51. Across these six facilities, the inmate population is roughly 6,700. Approximately 17 percent of those inmates are serving time for criminal sentences imposed, and
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the remaining 83 percent inmates are all in a pre-trial posture (roughly 78 percent of inmates), a pre-sentencing posture (roughly 2 percent of inmates), or some other form of temporary detention (roughly 3 percent of inmates). Of the 17 percent serving sentences, none are serving sentences longer than 23 months, and approximately 30 percent are serving sentences of one year or less.
52. In May 2017, the Philadelphia Department of Prisons implemented a new protocol providing that ICE may only interview an inmate if the inmate consents in writing to that interview. To implement this protocol, the Department of Prisons created a new “consent form,” to be provided to any inmate in a PPS facility whom ICE seeks to interview. The consent form informs the individual that “Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) wants to interview you” and that “[y]ou have the right to agree or to refuse this interview.”20
53. The new consent-based policy for ICE access to PPS facilities was put in place to help protect prisoners’ constitutional rights to decline speaking with law enforcement authorities against their will or to speak only with such authorities in the presence of counsel if they so choose. The consent-based policy also ensures the orderly administration of Philadelphia’s prisons, by avoiding the unnecessary expenditure of time and resources that would otherwise occur were inmates to be delivered to interviews with ICE only then to exercise their constitutional rights to remain silent or have counsel present.
E. Other Relevant Policies and Practices 54. In addition to the above policies, each of which are important for strengthening Philadelphia’s relationship with its immigrant communities and fostering the health and welfare of the City, Philadelphia also believes that combatting crime is a leading—and entirely
20 See Dkt. 1-8 (Philadelphia Department of Prisons “Inmate Consent Form – ICE Interview”). 20

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consistent—policy priority. To that effect, the Philadelphia Police Department routinely cooperates with federal law enforcement authorities in detecting, combatting, and holding people accountable for crimes committed in the City or by residents of the City, irrespective of the identity of the perpetrator or their immigration status. For instance, Philadelphia actively participates in a number of federal task forces, including the Violent Crimes Task Force; the Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosive (ATF) Task Force; the FBI Terrorism Task Force; Joint Terrorism Task Force; the Human Trafficking Task Force; and the U.S. Marshals Service’s Task Force.
55. Philadelphia also uses a number of databases as part of its regular police work and law enforcement activities. Philadelphia’s use of these databases provides the federal government notice about—and identifying information for—persons stopped, detained, arrested, or convicted of a crime in the City. In turn, federal authorities can use information derived from those databases to obtain knowledge about undocumented persons of interest in the City. The databases Philadelphia uses include:
a. The FBI’s National Crime Information Center (“NCIC”) database: The Philadelphia Police Department’s protocol is for its officers to voluntarily and regularly use the NCIC database as they engage in criminal law enforcement. For instance, Philadelphia police officers are trained to run an NCIC “look-up” for all individuals who are subjected to “investigative detention” by the police, for the purpose of determining if an outstanding warrant has been issued for the individual whether in Philadelphia or another jurisdiction. If the officer is able to collect the person’s date of
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birth or license plate information, NCIC protocols mandate that that information will also be entered into NCIC. b. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”)21: As part of a routine and longstanding protocol, at the time a person in Philadelphia is arrested, his or her fingerprints are inputted into Philadelphia’s AFIS platform, which feeds automatically into Pennsylvania’s identification bureau and then to the FBI. The FBI in turn has the capacity to run fingerprints against the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”), a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI, and the Automated Biometric Identification System (“IDENT”), a DHS-wide system for storing and processing biometric data for national security and border management purposes. c. The Preliminary Arraignment System (“PARS”): PARS is a database maintained by the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Police Department, and the Philadelphia District Attorney. The purpose of the database is to give information that the police collect upon an arrest directly to the District Attorney’s Office. Based upon an end-user license agreement signed with ICE in 2008 and amended in 2010, ICE has access to criminal information in the PARS database, i.e., to information about people suspected of criminal activity and entered into the system.
21 Philadelphia recently transitioned to the Multimodal Biometric Identification System (“MBIS”), which is the next generation to AFIS. But because the FBI refers to the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”), we use AFIS here.
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56. Philadelphia does not have visibility into how various federal agencies use or share information derived from the above databases with one another. But ICE itself admits that it obtains the notice it needs to send detainer requests from the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), maintained by the FBI and regularly used by the City.22 II. THE BYRNE JAG PROGRAM AND 2017 GRANT CONDITIONS
A. Overview of the Byrne JAG Program 57. Congress created the modern-day Byrne JAG program in 2005 as part of the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act. See Pub. L. No. 109162 (codified at 42 U.S.C. § 3751 et seq.). In fashioning the present-day Byrne JAG grant, Congress merged two prior grant programs that had also provided criminal justice assistance funding to states and localities. These two predecessor grant programs were the Edward Byrne Memorial Formula Grant Program, created in 1988, and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Program.23 58. Today, grants under the Byrne JAG program are the primary source of federal criminal justice funding for states and localities. As stated in a 2005 House Report accompanying the bill, the program’s goal is to provide State and local governments the “flexibility to spend money for programs that work for them rather than to impose a ‘one size fits all’ solution” for local policing. See H.R. Rep. No. 109-233, at 89 (2005).
22 See U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement, Declined Detainer Outcome Report FAQ’s: How is an individual placed under a detainer?, https://goo.gl/oUsD3T (last visited Jan. 5, 2018 12:38 PM ET) (“When an individual is booked into custody by a law enforcement agency, his or her biometric data is automatically routed through federal databases to the FBI. The FBI shares this information with ICE.”). 23 See Nathan James, Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (“JAG”) Program, Congressional Research Service (Jan. 3, 2013), https://goo.gl/q8Tr6z.
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59. The authorizing statute for the Byrne JAG program provides that localities can apply for funds to support a range of local programming to strengthen their criminal justice systems. For instance, localities can apply for funds to support “law enforcement programs, prosecution and court programs, prevention and education programs, corrections and community corrections programs, drug treatment and enforcement programs,” and “crime victim and witness programs.” 42 U.S.C. § 3751(a)(1).
60. Byrne JAG funding is structured as a formula grant, awarding funds to all eligible grantees according to a prescribed formula. See 42 U.S.C. § 3755(d)(2)(A). The formula for states is a function of population and violent crime, see id. § 3755(a), while the formula for local governments is a function of the state’s allocation and of the ratio of violent crime in that locality to violent crime in the state as a whole, see id. § 3755(d).
61. Unlike discretionary grants, which agencies award on a competitive basis, “formula grants . . . are not awarded at the discretion of a state or federal agency, but are awarded pursuant to a statutory formula.” City of Los Angeles v. McLaughlin, 865 F.2d 1084, 1088 (9th Cir. 1989). States and local governments are entitled to their share of the Byrne JAG formula allocation as long as their proposed programs fall within at least one of eight broadlydefined goals, see 42 U.S.C. § 3751(a)(1)(A)-(H), and their applications contain a series of statutorily prescribed certifications and attestations, see id. § 3752(a).
62. Philadelphia has filed direct applications for Byrne JAG funding every year since the program’s inception in 2005. All of its applications have been granted; the City has never been denied Byrne JAG funds for which it applied. For instance, in FY 2016, Philadelphia received $1.67 million in its direct Byrne JAG award. That award was dated August 23, 2016. In FY 2015, the City received $1.6 million in its direct Byrne JAG award. Over the past eleven
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years, excluding funds received as part of the 2009 Recovery Act, Philadelphia’s annual Byrne JAG award has averaged $2.17 million and has ranged between $925,591 (in 2008) to $3.13 million (in 2005).
63. Over the last five years, the Department has routinely disbursed Philadelphia’s JAG award in September and August of the particular grant year, and the money is immediately obligated by the City’s criminal justice agencies to fund pressing needs. The Department has represented in this litigation that it has no plans to make any JAG awards to Philadelphia, or to any jurisdiction, in the immediate future.
64. The City is also eligible for, and has previously been awarded, competitive subgrants from the annual Byrne JAG award to the State of Pennsylvania.
65. Philadelphia uses the federal funding provided by the Byrne JAG program to support a number of priorities within and improvements to its criminal justice system. In recent years, a significant portion of Philadelphia’s Byrne JAG funding has gone towards Philadelphia Police Department technology and equipment enhancements, training, and over-time payments to police officers. Philadelphia has also drawn upon Byrne JAG funds to finance upgrades to courtroom technology in the City; to enable the District Attorney’s Office to purchase new technology and invest in training programs for Assistant District Attorneys; to support juvenile delinquency programs for the City’s youth; to bolster reentry programs for formerly incarcerated individuals seeking to reenter the community; to operate alternative rehabilitation programs for low-level offenders with substance use disorders; to make physical improvements to blighted communities with Clean and Seal teams; and to improve indigent criminal defense services. It is clear, then, that the funds that the City receives from the Byrne JAG program play a vital role in many facets of the City’s criminal justice programming.
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66. For FY 2017, Philadelphia intends to use its JAG award for, among other things, to support Philadelphia’s Police Commissioner’s “Crime Fighting Strategy,” including overtime funding for “Quality of Life” police initiatives; the enhancement of a Reality Based Training Unit to emphasize best practices on the use of force; and to procure supplies for a citywide collaboration to support inner-city youth. Philadelphia also intends to use its FY 2017 funding to purchase life-saving naloxone for Philadelphia police officers responding to opioid overdoses. The City faces a devastating opioid epidemic, with an estimated 1,200 overdose deaths in 2017, a 30 percent increase from 900 deaths in 2016. Philadelphia’s FY 2017 JAG funds will, without hyperbole, save human lives.
B. Conditions for Byrne JAG Funding 67. The statute creating the Byrne JAG program authorizes the Attorney General to impose a limited set of conditions on applicants. First, the statute authorizes the Attorney General to require that applicants supply information about their intended use of the grant funding, and to demonstrate that they will spend the money on purposes envisioned by the statute. See 42 U.S.C. § 3752(a)(2) & (5) (the Attorney General can insist upon assurances by applicants that “the programs to be funded by the grant meet all the requirements of this part” and “that Federal funds . . . will not be used to supplant State or local funds”). Second, the statute allows the Attorney General to require that applicants provide information about their budget protocols; for instance, he can insist that a recipient of a Byrne JAG “maintain and report such data, records, and information (programmatic and financial) as [he] may reasonably require.” Id. § 3752(a)(4). Third, the Attorney General can demand that localities “certif[y],” in conjunction with their applications for funding, that they “will comply with all provisions of this
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part and all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 3752(a)(5)(D). Finally, the statute authorizes the Attorney General to “issue Rules to carry out this part.” Id. § 3754.
68. That is all. The above delegations of authority do not include a general grant of authority to the Attorney General to impose new obligations the Attorney General himself creates and that are neither traceable to existing “applicable Federal law[]” nor reflected in “provisions of this part” (i.e., the JAG statute itself). See id. § 3752(a)(5)(D). Congress’ decision not to delegate to the Attorney General such a broad scope of authority was intentional and clear.
69. Time and time again, Congress has demonstrated that it knows how to confer agency discretion to add substantive conditions to federal grants when it wants to. See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. § 3796gg-1(e)(3) (authorizing the Attorney General to “impose reasonable conditions on grant awards” in a different program created by the Omnibus Control and Safe Streets Act); 42 U.S.C. § 14135(c)(1) (providing that the Attorney General shall “distribute grant amounts, and establish grant conditions . . .”); see also Andrus v. Glover Const. Co., 446 U.S. 608, 616-617 (1980) (“Where Congress explicitly enumerates certain exceptions,” its “omission” of a different exception means “only one inference can be drawn: Congress meant to” exclude that provision).
70. Furthermore, the Attorney General has never imposed conditions on Byrne JAG applicants beyond the bounds of his statutory authority, i.e., conditions that neither reflect “applicable Federal laws” nor that relate to the disbursement of the grants themselves. For instance, the FY 2016 JAG funds awarded to Philadelphia on August 23, 2016 included many “special conditions.” Philadelphia had to certify, among other things, that it:
a. complies with the Department of Justice’s “Part 200” Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements;
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b. adheres to the “DOJ Grants Financial Guide”; c. will “collect and maintain data that measure the performance and
effectiveness of activities under this award”; d. recognizes that federal funds “may not be used by the recipient, or any
subrecipient” on “lobbying” activities; e. “agrees to assist BJA in complying with the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) . . . in the use of these grant funds”; f. will ensure any recipients, subrecipients, or employees of recipients do not
engage in any “conduct related to trafficking in persons”; g. will ensure that any recipient or subrecipient will “comply with all
applicable requirements of 28 C.F.R. Part 42” (pertaining to civil rights and non-discrimination).24 71. These conditions almost all relate to the administration and expenditure of the grant itself. The few conditions that apply to the general conduct of the recipient or subrecipient are expressly made applicable to federal grantees by statute. The Department of Justice’s new conditions do not apply to the expenditure of the grant funding, and neither the jail access nor advance notification conditions discussed below invoke any existing federal law or statute. Meanwhile, the Section 1373 condition refers to a federal law that is wholly inapplicable to the JAG grant. The Department offered no statistics, studies, or legal authority to support its imposition of these 2017 conditions as promoting public safety and the law enforcement purposes of the JAG program.
24 See Dkt. 1-9 (Philadelphia’s FY 2016 JAG award). 28

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72. Had Congress authorized the Attorney General to create new substantive conditions for Byrne JAG funds at his choosing, that would have upended Congress’ formula approach for distributing funds under the program based on population and violent crime. That in turn would have resulted in the allocating of grants according to criteria invented by the Department of Justice. That is not the program Congress created. See Amalgamated Transit Union v. Skinner, 894 F.2d 1362, 1364 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (“Where Congress prescribes the form in which an agency may exercise its authority, . . . we cannot elevate the goals of an agency’s action, however reasonable, over that prescribed form.”).
73. Congress’s decision to use a formula grant mechanism, namely, “in accordance with the formula established under section 10156 of this title,” impacts its use of the phrase “may … make grants to States and units of local government.” 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1). Read together, this language demonstrates that Congress imposed a non-discretionary duty to issue JAG awards. It is, as in other statutory schemes, a mandate to issue JAG awards, not a delegation of discretion to the Attorney General. See, e.g., United Hosp. Ctr., Inc. v. Richardson, 757 F.2d 1445, 1453 (4th Cir. 1985) (“While the term ‘may’ in a statute or agency regulation dealing with agency power is generally construed as permissive rather than mandatory, the construction of such term—whether discretionary or mandatory—is reached in every case ‘on the context of the statute [or regulation], and on whether it is fairly to be presumed that it was the intention of the legislature [or agency] to confer a discretionary power or to impose an imperative duty.’” (brackets in original)); id. (“There can be no question that the board intended the challenged provision in this regulation, even though stated in terms of ‘may,’ to be mandatory.”); Wilson v. United States, 135 F.2d 1005, 1009 (3d Cir. 1943) (“[T]he word 'may’, ordinarily permissive in quality, is frequently given a mandatory meaning where a public body or
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officer is clothed by statute with power to do an act which concerns the public interest, or the rights of third persons. In such cases, what they are empowered to do for the sake of justice, or the public welfare, the law requires shall be done. The language, although permissive in form, is, in fact peremptory.” (ellipsis omitted) (citing Bd. of Supervisors of Rock Island Cty. v. U.S. ex rel. State Bank, 71 U.S. 435 (1866)).
C. Section 1373 Condition 74. On February 26, 2016, Congressman John Culberson, Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies, sent a letter to then-Attorney General Loretta Lynch, inquiring whether recipients of Department of Justice grants were complying with Section 1373.25 75. The Culberson letter spurred the Office of Justice Programs (“OJP”) at the Department of Justice to ask that the Department’s Office of Inspector General (“OIG”) investigate local jurisdictions’ compliance with Section 1373. In an email sent from OJP to Inspector General Michael Horowitz on April 8, 2016, OJP indicated that it had “received information” indicating that several jurisdictions who receive OJP funding may be in violation of Section 1373 and attached a spreadsheet of over 140 state and local jurisdictions that it wanted OIG to investigate.26
25 See Letter from Cong. Culberson to Attorney General Lynch (Feb. 26, 2016), available at https://goo.gl/Cytb3B. Congressman Culberson’s letter was accompanied by analysis from the Center for Immigration Studies, a non-profit institute that describes itself as “animated by a ‘low-immigration, pro-immigrant’ vision of America that admits fewer immigrants but affords a warmer welcome for those who are admitted.” About the Center for Immigration Studies, Center for Immigration Studies (last visited August 29, 2017 2:42 PM EDT), https://goo.gl/GrsfoQ. 26 See Dkt. 1-10 (Memorandum from Department of Justice Inspector General Michael Horowitz to Assistant Attorney General Karol Mason (May 31, 2016) (describing OJP’s earlier email to OIG)).
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76. On May 31, 2016, Inspector General Horowitz transmitted a report to Department of Justice Assistant Attorney General Karol Mason, reviewing the policies of ten state and local jurisdictions, including Philadelphia, and whether they comply with Section 1373.27 The other jurisdictions analyzed were: Connecticut, California, City of Chicago (Illinois), Clark County (Nevada), Cook County (Illinois), Miami-Dade (Florida), Milwaukee County (Wisconsin), Orleans Parish (Louisiana), and New York City. The report expressed “concerns” with several of the localities’ laws and policies. The report did not analyze the effects of any of the ten local jurisdictions’ policies on crime rates or public safety.
77. On July 7, 2016, Assistant Attorney General Mason, who then oversaw the Office of Justice Programs, sent a Memorandum to Inspector General Horowitz conveying that, in response to OIG’s report, “the Office of Justice Programs has determined that Section 1373 is an applicable federal law for the purposes of the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistant Grant (JAG) program and the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP).”28 There was no analysis supporting this conclusion whatsoever, nor any explanation for why OJP had not reached that conclusion during the prior ten years that it administered the JAG program.
78. Also on July 7, 2016, the Office of Justice Programs released a Question and Answer “Guidance” document, entitled “Office of Justice Programs Guidance Regarding Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.”29 The Q&A Guidance document stated that under the Department’s new policy, “[a] JAG grantee is required to assure and certify compliance with all applicable federal statutes, including Section 1373.” The document explained that Section 1373
27 Id. 28 See Dkt. 1-11 (Memorandum from Assistant Attorney General Karol Mason to Inspector General Michael Horowitz (July 7, 2016)). 29 See Dkt. 1-12.
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“prevents federal, state, and local government entities and officials from ‘prohibit[ing] or in any way restrict[ing]’ government officials or entities from sending to, or receiving from, federal immigration officers information concerning an individual’s citizenship or immigration status.” But it further stated that “Section 1373 does not impose on states and localities the affirmative obligation to collect information from private individuals regarding their immigration status, nor does it require that statutes and localities take specific actions upon obtaining such information.”
79. On October 6, 2016, OJP released a document entitled “Additional Guidance Regarding Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.”30 That document addressed the question, “Does OJP’s guidance on 8 U.S.C. § 1373 impact FY 2016 funding?” And it answered: “No FY 2016 or prior year Byrne/JAG or SCAAP funding will be impacted. However, OJP expects that JAG and SCAAP recipients will use this time to examine their policies and procedures to ensure they will be able to submit the required assurances when applying for JAG and SCAAP funding in FY 2017.”
80. As DOJ has conceded, Section 1373 imposes no affirmative obligation on state or local entities to collect immigration status information or take any specific actions upon receiving immigration status information. Nor does the statutory provision address ICE detainer requests or release-date notification requests.
81. Within a week of taking office, on January 25, 2017, President Trump issued Executive Order 13768, a sweeping order aimed at punishing “sanctuary” jurisdictions. Entitled “Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,” the order announced that it is the policy of the Executive Branch to withhold “Federal funds” from “jurisdictions that fail to comply with applicable Federal law” by acting as “sanctuary jurisdictions.” Exec. Order 13768
30 See Dkt. 1-13. 32

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§§ 1, 2(c). The Order directed the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security to “ensure that jurisdictions that willfully refuse to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (sanctuary jurisdictions) are not eligible to receive Federal grants,” and authorized the Secretary of DHS to “designate, in his discretion and to the extent consistent with law, a jurisdiction as a sanctuary jurisdiction.” Id. § 8(a). The Order was ultimately enjoined in large part by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California because the court found that it violated multiple constitutional provisions. County of Santa Clara v. Trump, --- F. Supp. 3d ----, 2017 WL 1459081 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2017).
82. As the Santa Clara case unfolded, the Trump Administration sharpened its focus—both within the context of that lawsuit and more broadly—on denying local jurisdictions grants disbursed by the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security in particular, as the mechanism for carrying out the Administration’s efforts to crack down on so-called sanctuary cities. At the preliminary injunction hearing in March in the Santa Clara case, the lawyer for the government represented that the Executive Order only applied to three federal grants administered by the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security. Id. at *1.
83. On April 21, 2017, the Department of Justice sent letters to Philadelphia and eight other jurisdictions “alert[ing]” the recipients that “under the terms of your FY 2016 Byrne JAG grant, award 2016 DJ-BX-0949 from the Office of Justice Programs (‘OJP’), your jurisdiction is required to submit documentation to OJP that validates your jurisdiction is in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.”31 The letter went on that “this documentation must be accompanied by an official legal opinion from counsel . . . [and] must be submitted to OJP no later than June 30,
31 Letter from Alan R. Hanson to Mayor Jim Kenney, supra note 5. Connecticut does not appear to have received such a letter, but the other nine jurisdictions in the OIG report did. See https://goo.gl/r16Gmb (collecting letters from Alan R. Hanson dated April 21, 2017).
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2017.” It provided that “[f]ailure to comply with this condition could result in the withholding of grant funds, suspension, or termination of the grant, ineligibility for future OJP grants or subgrants, or other action, as appropriate.”
84. On June 22, 2017, Philadelphia City Solicitor Sozi Pedro Tulante signed a formal “certification” memorandum declaring that the City determined it is in compliance with Section 1373 and explaining why.32 The letter was addressed to Tracey Trautman, Acting Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance at the Department of Justice and submitted to DOJ that day.
85. Philadelphia certified that, as a general matter, it does not collect immigration status information from its residents. Both Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order bar City officials and employees from asking residents or other persons within the City for such information, subject to discrete exceptions. Philadelphia certified that it neither restricts nor prohibits its officials and employees from sharing immigration-status information with the federal government in contravention of Section 1373, because as a result of the City’s aforementioned policies, the City is rarely in possession of that type of information.
86. Philadelphia also certified that it complies with Section 1373 because its policies allow for the sharing of immigration-status and other identifying information with federal authorities in the case of criminals or persons suspected of crime. Both the Confidentiality Order and Memorandum 06-01 mandate the continued cooperation between local officers and federal authorities in combating crime. Further, those policies allow for the disclosure and “transmi[ssion] . . . to federal authorities” of confidential information (i.e., immigration status information) by Philadelphia police officers when the individual is suspected of engaging in
32 See Dkt. 1-14 (City’s certification memorandum). 34

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criminal activity.33 The Confidentiality Order and Memorandum 01-06 also contain “savings clauses,” which permit inquiry into or disclosure of immigration status information if “required by law.”
87. Philadelphia also explained how its everyday law enforcement practices comply with Section 1373. Specifically, Philadelphia’s use of the FBI’s National Crime Information Center (“NCIC”) database, its sharing access with ICE to certain information in the City’s Preliminary Arraignment System (“PARS”) database, and its use of the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”), all enable federal immigration authorities to access identifying information about any persons stopped, detained, arrested, or convicted of a crime in the City.
88. Philadelphia acknowledged that for witnesses of crimes, victims of crimes, and law-abiding persons seeking City services, its policies do mean that immigration status information, to the extent it inadvertently comes into the City’s possession, is ordinarily not disclosed to the federal government. But Philadelphia contended that Section 1373 cannot be construed to require the City to disclose confidential information about those persons because reading the statute in such a manner would raise constitutional problems. Specifically, construing Section 1373 to impose that type of mandate on the City would undermine its core police powers under the U.S. Constitution and its critical interests in protecting the safety and welfare of its residents.
89. Philadelphia reserved the right to challenge the Section 1373 certification requirement on several grounds in its June 22, 2017 submission. Notably, it reserved the argument that the DOJ’s insistence that localities certify compliance with Section 1373 as a
33 See Dkt. 1-14, at 7 (citing Sections 2B and 2C of the Confidentiality Order and Parts 3B and 3C of Memorandum 06-01).
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condition of receiving Byrne JAG grants is itself unlawful and beyond the authority that Congress delegated to the Attorney General. It also argued that making JAG grants contingent on compliance with Section 1373 violates the Spending Clause.
90. Days after receiving certifications from Philadelphia and other jurisdictions, the Department of Justice expressed non-specific concerns with those submissions. It issued a press release saying that “some of these jurisdictions have boldly asserted that they will not comply with requests from federal immigration authorities,” and that “[i]t is not enough to assert compliance, the jurisdictions must actually be in compliance.”34
91. On October 11, 2017, the Department of Justice notified Philadelphia that two aspects of Philadelphia’s policies are “in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a),” and that an additional three aspects of its policies will also be found to violate Section 1373 unless the City sends “communicat[ions] . . . to its officers and employees” (by October 27) to not follow the City’s confidentiality and non-disclosure mandates as to federal officials.35 The Department maintains that this letter constitutes only a “preliminary” determination, leaving the City with no information as to what actions the Department considers a “final” determination. Yet the Department asks the City to change its policies and purports to dictate the substance of what the City communicates to its employees.
D. July 2017 Announcement Regarding Advance Notification and Jail Access Conditions
92. On July 25, 2017, the Department of Justice announced two more significant changes that it would be unilaterally making—without authority—to the Byrne JAG application process. In a two-paragraph press release and accompanying press “backgrounder,” the
34 See Dkt. 1-2. 35 Dkt. 28-1 (Hanson Decl., Ex. A, pp. 1-2).
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Department announced that in addition to requiring applicants for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG award to again certify their compliance with Section 1373, applicants would be required to adhere to two additional conditions.36 These conditions are (1) the “advance notification” condition and (2) the “jail access” condition.
93. On August 24, 2017, the Department revised—and indeed expanded—what the “advance notification” condition and the “jail access” condition would entail.37
94. Under the revised advance notification condition, the Department of Justice will now require Byrne JAG grantees to have in place a “local ordinance, -rule, -regulation, -policy, or -practice . . . that is designed to ensure that, when a local-government . . . correctional facility receives from DHS a formal written request . . . [for] advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such facility, then such facility will honor such request and—as early as practicable . . . provide the requested notice to DHS.”38
95. The Department did not define the term “scheduled release date” as a part of the advance notification condition. The Federal Bureau of Prisons defines “date of release” as the “date of the expiration of the prisoner’s term of imprisonment, less any time credited toward the service of the prisoner’s sentence . . . .” 18 U.S.C. § 3624. Similarly, within the Philadelphia Department of Prisons, only inmates serving sentences would have “scheduled release dates.” Accordingly, the advance notification condition appears to apply only to those inmates in Philadelphia’s prisons who have been convicted of crimes and are serving sentences—not to the
36 Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Attorney General Sessions Announces Immigration Compliance Requirements for Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Programs (July 25, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/KBwVNP. 37 See City of Chicago v. Sessions (“Chicago”), No. 1:17-cv-05720 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 24, 2017), ECF No. 32, Def.’s Opp. to Mot. for Prelim. Inj. at Ex. 1. 38 See, e.g., Dkt. 21-6 (County of Greenville Award Letter).
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roughly 83% of inmates in PPS facilities who are in a pre-trial, pre-sentence, or other temporary detention posture, many of whom may be ordered released with less than 48 hours’ notice (i.e., because they post bond or the charges against them are dropped). But this is far from clear.
96. Under the revised jail access condition, the Department of Justice will now require Byrne JAG grantees to have in place a “local ordinance, -rule, -regulation, -policy, or practice . . . that is designed to ensure that [any, not just DHS] agents of the United States . . . are given access [to] a local-government . . . correctional facility” to meet with individuals believed to be aliens and question them.39 Like the advance notification condition, the jail access condition is vague and ambiguous; it gives no indication of what “access” means, and whether jurisdictions will be deemed compliant as long as they permit ICE personnel to access their facilities in order to meet with inmates who have in turn consented to such meetings. By its broadest construction, this requirement appears to mandate that federal immigration agents be given unprecedented and unfettered access to local correctional or detention facilities, including to meet with and to question inmates on a non-consensual basis and/or without notice of their right to have counsel present.
97. The application deadline for local FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding—the grant for which cities, such as Philadelphia, apply—was September 5, 2017.40 The City timely filed its application.
98. The Department of Justice’s July 25, 2017 announcement was accompanied by virtually no explanation for the change in policy and no opportunity for public notice and
39 Id. 40 U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program: FY 2017 Local Solicitation (Aug. 3, 2017), https://goo.gl/SfiKMM; see also Dkt. 1-16.
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comment. The Department of Justice’s pronouncement on August 24, 2017 that it had revised its conditions was likewise unaccompanied by an explanation for the change and had no comment opportunity. It noted only that it had already awarded two other jurisdictions and applied the same conditions. The Department thus did not explain how it arrived at these conditions or what alternatives it considered. The initial press release is also noticeably silent as to the purpose of the Byrne JAG program and the ways in which the newly-imposed conditions—or even complying with Section 1373—relate to, let alone serve to advance, the interests of the Byrne JAG program. The Department also failed to provide law enforcement with any guidance as to how the conditions will operate in practice.
99. As a result of the Department of Justice’s actions, in order for Philadelphia to have applied for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG grant on September 5, 2017, the City must have (1) certified again its compliance with Section 1373, and confirmed that it was (2) prepared to adhere to the advance notification condition, and (3) prepared to comply with the jail access condition, despite the ambiguity about what each condition will entail.
100. At the time of the City’s application, the Department had not yet informed Philadelphia whether it had concluded Philadelphia was in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1373. No court has countenanced the Department’s startlingly expansive reading of the Immigration and Nationality Act that it advanced in its October 11, 2017 letter. Philadelphia submits that it complies with Section 1373, as constitutionally construed.
101. Likewise, Philadelphia believes that its jail access policy may comply with the new jail access condition, because Philadelphia allows ICE agents to enter PPS facilities to meet with individuals who have consented to such meetings; and Philadelphia believes its detainer and notification policies do not meaningfully interfere with the Department of Justice’s prerogatives,
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because while Philadelphia does not provide advance notification of release without a judicial warrant, it rarely if ever gets notification requests from ICE for inmates who have scheduled release dates. However, Philadelphia is left only to wonder whether the Department of Justice will accept these contentions because the jail access and advance notification conditions are inscrutably vague. III. IMPACT OF THE NEW JAG CONDITIONS ON PHILADELPHIA
102. None of the three new conditions imposed by the Department of Justice upon applicants for FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding can withstand legal scrutiny.
103. The authorizing statute creating the Byrne JAG grant program does not delegate authority to the Attorney General to impose these conditions. Rather, the authorizing statute allows the Attorney General to insist that applicants “comply with all … applicable Federal laws.” 42 U.S.C. § 3752(a)(5)(D). None of the three conditions constitutes “applicable” federal requirements. Each deals with civil immigration enforcement—something wholly inapplicable to criminal justice grants. And the last two conditions are not reflected in any existing federal law whatsoever: There is no federal law requiring local jurisdictions to provide ICE “at least 48 hours’ advance notice” before they release alleged aliens in their custody, and there is no federal law requiring jurisdictions to grant access to DHS officials to their detention facilities.
104. In fact, Congress has considered—and failed to enact—legislation that would have stripped federal funding from states and localities that do not provide ICE advance notification of the release of persons for whom detainer requests have been sent. See, e.g., Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act §3(a)(2), S. 1300, 114th Cong. (rejected by Senate July 6, 2016) (entities that do not “comply with a detainer for, or notify about the release of, an individual” in response to requests made by ICE shall be ineligible for public works and economic
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development grants and community development block grants). The fact that Congress failed to pass bills of this type demonstrates that Congress considered and then chose not to link federal spending to advance notification.
105. The Department of Justice’s new conditions also represent a sharp break with past agency practice. The agency has never before attached any conditions of this nature to Byrne JAG funds.
106. The Department of Justice’s imposition of the conditions violates several bedrock constitutional principles. The Department’s actions violate the Separation of Powers between Congress and the Executive. They also exceed limits on the federal government’s ability to place conditions on federal funds under the Spending Clause. In particular, although conditions on federal funds must be germane to the purpose of the federal program, the Department’s new conditions bear no relation to the purpose of the Byrne JAG program. Moreover, the conditions are woefully ambiguous, leaving cities like Philadelphia guessing as to how to comply. At its worst, this ambiguity threatens to induce unconstitutional action, as the conditions could potentially be construed to require localities to detain individuals of interest to ICE even after they have been ordered released.
107. If the City is forced to comply with the Department’s new conditions in order to receive its FY 2017 JAG award, and if those conditions are not construed in accordance with constitutional and reasonable limits, the result would be that Philadelphia would be forced to significantly change several of its policies. In turn, such changes would compromise the City’s criminal enforcement, public safety, and health and welfare.
108. Philadelphia believes that it does already comply with Section 1373 when read in light of the U.S. Constitution. But if Section 1373 is interpreted to extend to victims, witnesses,
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and law-abiding persons in the City—and to require that Philadelphia allow for the unfettered disclosure to federal authorities of those persons’ immigration status information—that would require Philadelphia to overhaul several of its policies, including Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order. The trust that Philadelphia has worked so hard to build with its immigrant population would be broken, and the City’s efforts to prosecute crimes to completion, provide redress to victims, and ensure full access to City services, would be hindered.
109. Philadelphia also believes that it may already comply with the jail access condition. The Department of Justice did not define the term “access” or explicitly state that jurisdictions must permit entry to ICE even when an inmate refuses to speak with ICE; Philadelphia, meanwhile, allows for meetings to which inmates consent. However, the condition as written is exceedingly vague, and in its most unreasonable light could be read to insist that jurisdictions provide federal agents unrestrained entry to their detention facilities. Requiring Philadelphia to apply for the FY 2017 grant amidst this uncertainty is harmful in itself, and if the Department takes an extreme reading, it could result in forcing Philadelphia to sacrifice an important local prerogative. Philadelphia should not be compelled to abandon its efforts to protect the constitutional rights of its inmates, nor to take actions that will sow the very fear and mistrust among the immigrant population that the City has worked so hard to overcome.
110. Philadelphia further believes that its notification and detainer policies do not meaningfully conflict with the Department of Justice’s policy concerns that underlie the advance notification condition. Although Philadelphia only provides advance notification of an inmate’s release when ICE presents a judicial warrant, ICE rarely sends advance notification requests for inmates who have scheduled release dates. Given the ambiguity and lack of explanation for the
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condition, however, Philadelphia cannot be sure that the Department will accept the City’s position.
111. If the City’s application for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG award is rejected or withheld, or if its award is clawed back, either because the Department of Justice rejects the City’s Section 1373 certification, or because the Department insists on certain activities pursuant to the advance notification and jail access conditions and the City refuses to comply, the vitality of Philadelphia’s criminal justice programs would be placed in jeopardy.
112. As a result of the injuries Philadelphia will suffer in all of the above circumstances, Philadelphia faces a significant danger of harm due to the Department of Justice’s imposition of the new conditions for the FY 2017 grant.
CAUSES OF ACTION COUNT I
(Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Ultra Vires Conduct Not Authorized by Congress in the Underlying Statute)
113. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations in the preceding paragraphs. 114. The Department of Justice may only exercise authority conferred by statute. See City of Arlington v. FCC, 133 S. Ct. 1863, 1869 (2013). 115. The Byrne JAG statute provides no authority to the Attorney General to impose conditions on the receipt of Byrne JAG funds that are neither reflected in “applicable Federal laws” nor concern the administration of the JAG program itself. 116. The three conditions added to the FY 2017 grant by the Department of Justice are neither “applicable Federal laws” nor conditions that deal with the administration and spending of the Byrne JAG funds.
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117. The Attorney General’s imposition of the new conditions is unauthorized by statute.
118. The Attorney General’s imposition of the new conditions also contradicts the formula-grant structure of the Byrne JAG program. See 42 U.S.C. § 3755(d)(2)(A).
119. The APA requires courts to hold unlawful and set aside any agency action that is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law”; “contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity”; or “in excess of statutory jurisdictions, authority, or limitations[.]” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)-(C). The Act further demands courts to “compel agency action [that is] unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed.” Id. § 706(1).
120. Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 706 and 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the Attorney General is without the statutory authority to impose the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions on FY 2017 Byrne JAG funds, and in doing so, has acted contrary to law under the APA. Plaintiff is also entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Attorney General from putting those conditions into effect.
121. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361 and 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), Plaintiff is further entitled to a writ of mandamus to compel the Attorney General to disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG award as the Attorney General is unreasonably delaying its issuance and doing so for reasons that are contrary to law
COUNT II (Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Violation of the Constitution’s
Separation-of-Powers) 122. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs.
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123. The Constitution vests Congress, not the President or officials in the Executive Branch, with the power to appropriate funding to “provide for the . . . general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const. art I, § 8, cl. 1.
124. The President’s constitutional duty—and that of his appointees in the Executive Branch—is to “take Care that the Law be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5.
125. The President “does not have unilateral authority to refuse to spend . . . funds” that have already been appropriate by Congress “for a particular project or program.” In re Aiken Cnty., 725 F.3d 255, 261 n.1 (D.C. Cir. 2013); see also Train v. City of New York, 420 U.S. 35, 44 (1975).
126. The President also cannot amend or cancel appropriations that Congress has duly enacted because doing such violates the Presentment Clause of the Constitution and results in the President purporting to wield a constitutional power not vested within his office. See Clinton v. City of New York, 524 U.S. 417, 438 (1998).
127. Imposing a new condition on a federal grant program amounts to refusing to spend money appropriated by Congress unless that condition is satisfied.
128. The Section 1373 condition was not imposed by Congress, but rather by the Department of Justice in issuing its Office of Justice Program Guidance for FY 2016 Byrne JAG awards and its FY 2017 Byrne JAG application. Therefore, the Section 1373 condition amounts to an improper usurpation of Congress’s spending power by the Executive Branch.
129. The advance notification and jail access conditions were not imposed by Congress, but rather by the Department in issuing the FY 2017 Byrne JAG application. Therefore, the imposition of the advance notification and jail access conditions amounts to an improper usurpation of Congress’s spending power by the Executive Branch.
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130. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions violates the constitutional principle of separation of powers and impermissibly arrogates to the Executive Branch power that which is reserved for the Legislative Branch. Plaintiff is also entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Attorney General from putting those conditions into effect.
131. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361 and 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), Plaintiff is further entitled to a writ of mandamus to compel the Attorney General to disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG award as the Attorney General is unreasonably delaying its issuance and doing so for reasons that are contrary to law.
COUNT III (Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Arbitrary and Capricious Agency
Action) 132. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 133. The Department of Justice’s decision to impose the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions on the receipt of FY 2017 Byrne JAG funds deviates from past agency practice without reasoned explanation or justification. 134. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Section 1373, advance notification, and jail access conditions is arbitrary and capricious. Plaintiff is also entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Attorney General from putting those conditions into effect. 135. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361 and 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), Plaintiff is further entitled to a writ of mandamus to compel the Attorney General to disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne
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JAG award as the Attorney General is unreasonably delaying its issuance and doing so for reasons that are contrary to law.
COUNT IV (Spending Clause) 136. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 137. Congress could not have authorized the immigration-related conditions attached the Byrne JAG award here because they do not satisfy the requirements of the Spending Clause of the Constitution. 138. None of the three conditions is “reasonably related” or “germane[]” to the federal interest that underlies the Byrne JAG grant program. See South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207-08 & n.3 (1987) (conditions must be “reasonably related,” or “germane[],” to the particular program); see also New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 167 (1992) (the attached “conditions must . . . bear some relationship to the purpose of the federal spending”). The three conditions all deal with federal civil immigration enforcement, not localities’ enforcement of state or local criminal law. 139. The three conditions threaten the federal interest that underlies the Byrne JAG program. They undermine Congress’s goals of dispersing funds across the country, targeting funds to combat violent crime, and respecting local judgment in setting law enforcement strategy. 140. The Department’s imposition of the conditions also violates the requirement that Spending Clause legislation “impose unambiguous conditions on states, so they can exercise choices knowingly and with awareness of the consequences.” Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002).
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141. Moreover, because the conditions are ambiguous, they arguably require cities to infringe on individuals’ Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights, violating the prohibition on Spending Clause conditions that “induce unconstitutional action.” Koslow, 302 F.3d at 175.
142. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that the imposition of the three immigration-related conditions for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG violates the Constitution’s Spending Clause as well as an injunction preventing those conditions from going into effect.
143. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361 and 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), Plaintiff is further entitled to a writ of mandamus to compel the Attorney General to disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG award as the Attorney General is unreasonably delaying its issuance and doing so for reasons that are contrary to law.
COUNT V (Tenth Amendment: Commandeering) 144. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 145. The Tenth Amendment prohibits the federal government from “requir[ing]” states and localities “to govern according to Congress’s instructions,” New York, 505 U.S. at 162, and from “command[ing] the States’ officers . . . to administer or enforce a federal regulatory program,” Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 935 (1997). 146. Where the “whole object” of a provision of a federal statute is to “direct the functioning” of state and local governments, that provision is unconstitutional, Printz, 521 U.S. at 932, and must be enjoined, id. at 935; New York, 505 U.S. at 186-187. That description precisely fits each of the three immigration-related conditions. 147. If Section 1373 is interpreted to extend to information sharing about witnesses, victims, and law-abiding persons in the City, and to require that Philadelphia provide federal
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authorities unfettered access to immigration status information about such persons, that would hamper Philadelphia’s ability to ensure law and order. As a result, Philadelphia’s personnel would be “commandeered” to perform federal functions rather than to pursue local priorities, in violation of the Tenth Amendment.
148. The advance notification and jail access conditions, in their most extreme and unreasonable lights, could be construed to require that Philadelphia change its policies concerning the administration of its detention facilities and the providing of advance notification of release to ICE only pursuant to a judicial warrant. That federalization of bedrock local police power functions would violate the Tenth Amendment’s anti-commandeering principle.
149. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that if Section 1373 or the other two grant conditions are construed by the Department to conflict with Philadelphia’s local policies, that would result in a violation of the Tenth Amendment. Plaintiff is entitled to a permanent injunction preventing the Department from taking such an interpretation.
150. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1361 and 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), Plaintiff is further entitled to a writ of mandamus to compel the Attorney General to disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG award as the Attorney General is unreasonably delaying its issuance and doing so for reasons that are contrary to law.
COUNT VI (Declaratory Judgment Act: Philadelphia Complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373) 151. Plaintiff incorporates by reference the allegations of the preceding paragraphs. 152. Philadelphia certified its compliance with Section 1373 to the Department of Justice in a June 22, 2017 legal opinion signed by the City’s Solicitor and describing the basis for the City’s certification.
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153. Philadelphia complies with Section 1373 to the extent it can be constitutionally enforced vis-a-vis the City.
154. Philadelphia’s policies, namely Memorandum 01-06 and the Confidentiality Order, direct City officials and employees not to collect immigration status information unless such collection is required by state or federal law. Because Philadelphia cannot restrict the sharing of information it does not collect, the City’s policy of non-collection renders it necessarily compliant with Section 1373 for all cases covered by the non-collection policy.
155. Where City officials or agents do incidentally come to possess immigration status information, the City has no policy prohibiting or restricting the sharing of such information contrary to Section 1373. Both Memorandum 06-01 and the Confidentiality Order contains “saving clauses” that limits the disclosure of an individual’s citizenship or immigration status information “unless such disclosure is required by law.” Both policies also direct City police officers to cooperate with federal authorities in the enforcement of the criminal law, and to provide identifying information to federal authorities, when requested, about criminals or criminal suspects within the City.
156. Any non-disclosure about immigration status information that the City’s policies directs in the case of witnesses of crimes, victims of crimes, and law-abiding individuals seeking City services, is consistent with Section 1373 when read in light of the Constitution.
157. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2201, Plaintiff is entitled to a declaration that it complies with Section 1373 as properly construed.
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PRAYER FOR RELIEF WHEREFORE, Plaintiff prays this Court:
a. Declare that all three immigration-related conditions for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG are unlawful;
b. Declare that Philadelphia complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 as properly construed; c. Permanently enjoin the Department of Justice from enforcing the advance
notification, jail access, or Section 1373 conditions for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG and retain jurisdiction to monitor the Department’s compliance with this Court’s judgment; d. Issue a writ of mandamus compelling the Attorney General to immediately disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 JAG award, without further delay; e. Grant such other relief as this Court may deem proper; and f. Award Philadelphia reasonable costs and attorneys’ fees.

DATED: January 5, 2018

Respectfully submitted,

SOZI PEDRO TULANTE, I.D. NO. 202579 City Solicitor MARCEL S. PRATT, I.D. NO. 307483 Chair, Litigation Group LEWIS ROSMAN, I.D. NO. 72033 Senior Attorney CITY OF PHILADELPHIA LAW DEPARTMENT 1515 Arch Street, 17th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19102

/s/ Virginia A. Gibson VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 SARA ARONCHICK SOLOW, I.D. NO. 311081 JASMEET K. AHUJA, I.D. NO. 322093 ALEXANDER B. BOWERMAN, I.D. NO. 321990 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

ROBERT C. HEIM, I.D. NO. 15758 JUDY L. LEONE, I.D. NO. 041165 FRIEDRICH-WILHELM W. SACHSE, I.D. NO. 84097 DECHERT LLP Cira Centre

NEAL K. KATYAL (pro hac vice) DANIEL J.T. SCHUKER (pro hac vice) HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20004

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2929 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 994-4000

Attorneys for the City of Philadelphia

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on January 5, 2018, the foregoing document was served on all counsel by electronic mail.

January 5, 2018

/s/ Virginia A. Gibson VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 138 Filed 03/13/18 Page 1 of 27

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

The City of Philadelphia, Plaintiff,

CIVIL ACTION

v.

NO. 17-3894

Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

MEMORANDUM RE: MOTION TO DISMISS

Baylson, J.

March 13 , 2018

I. Introduction In this action, Plaintiff City of Philadelphia, which has in place policies that “seek to

foster trust” between immigrants and officers of the City, challenges the recent imposition by

Defendant Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Attorney General of the United States, of three

immigration-related funding conditions on receipt of federal law enforcement aid under the

Byrne Justice Assistance Grant (“JAG”) program. (Am. Compl. ¶ 2, ECF 84.)

The City alleges that the Attorney General cannot legally or constitutionally condition

JAG Program funds on 1) requiring federal immigration agents access to City detention facilities

(the “Access Condition”); 2) providing the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) at least

48 hours’ advance notice of the date and time of the release of any inmate about whom DHS has

requested such information (the “Notice Condition”); and 3) certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C.

§ 1373 (“Certification Condition”; collectively, the “Challenged Conditions”). The City asserts

the following six counts in its Amended Complaint:

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Count I asserts that the Attorney General acted ultra vires and in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act by imposing the Challenged Conditions. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 113–21, ECF 84).
Count II asserts that the imposition of the Challenged Conditions by the Attorney General violated the Administrative Procedure Act because the Challenge Conditions contravene the separation of powers. (Id. ¶¶ 122-31.)
Count III alleges that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions constituted arbitrary and capricious agency action in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act. (Id. ¶¶ 132-35.)
Count IV alleges that the Challenged Conditions are invalid under the Spending Clause of the U.S. Constitution. (Id. ¶¶ 136-43.)
Count V asserts that the Challenged Conditions unconstitutionally seek to commandeer City officials into the enforcement of federal immigration law in violation of the Tenth Amendment. (Id. ¶¶ 144-50.)
Count VI seeks a declaration by this Court that the City is in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, as constitutionally construed. (Id. ¶¶ 151-57.)
The City also seeks to enjoin the Challenged Conditions, asks this Court to declare that the Challenged Conditions are unconstitutional, and requests a writ of mandamus requiring the Attorney General to disburse the City’s fiscal year 2017 Byrne JAG award.
For the reasons stated below, the Court DENIES the Attorney General’s motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint.
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II. Background A. Byrne JAG Program The following facts are taken as true from the City’s Amended Complaint. (ECF 84.)
The federal funding program at issue in this case is the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program (the “JAG Program” or the “Byrne Program”), which was formed in 2005 from a merger of the Edward Byrne Memorial Formula Grant Program and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Program. (Id. ¶ 57.) The Byrne JAG Program is a formula grant, whose authorizing statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10151, et seq., allows states and localities to use grant awards for a wide variety of purposes, such as personnel, equipment, training, and other criminal justice needs. (Id. ¶ 59 (citing 34 U.S.C. § 10152.)) Since the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant program was created in 2005, the City has applied for, and received, awards each year. (Id. ¶ 4.) The City plans to use its FY 2017 funds to provide use-of-force training to officers, support collaborations with inner-city youth, and provide doses of naloxone to Philadelphia police officers to counteract opioid overdoses. (Id. ¶ 66.)
B. The Challenged Conditions In 2016, the Office of Justice Programs added a condition on Byrne JAG funds,
applicable to fiscal year 2017 and thereafter, requiring applicant jurisdictions to certify compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 (the “Certification Condition”). (Id. ¶¶ 77-79.) 8 U.S.C. § 1373, entitled “Communication between government agencies and the Immigration and Naturalization Service,” prohibits local government and law enforcement officials from restricting the sharing of information with federal immigration officials regarding the citizenship status of any individual as follows:
(a) In General Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way
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restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.
(b) Additional Authority of Government Entities Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual:
(1) Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with any other Federal, State, or local government entity.
(c) Obligation to Respond to Inquiries The Immigration and Naturalization Service shall respond to an inquiry by a Federal, State, or local government agency, seeking to verify or ascertain the citizenship or immigration status of any individual within the jurisdiction of the agency for any purpose authorized by law, by providing the requested verification or status information.
Philadelphia certified its compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 on June 22, 2017. (Am. Compl. ¶
11.)
In late July 2017, the Attorney General announced two new conditions on every grant
provided by the JAG Program. (Id. ¶ 5.) The two new conditions require, first, that local
authorities provide federal agents advance notice of the scheduled release from state or local
correctional facilities of certain individuals suspected of immigration violations (the “Notice
Condition”), and, second, that local authorities provide immigration agents with access to City
detention facilities and individuals detained therein (the “Access Condition”). (Id.)
The Office of Justice Programs described the three new conditions applicable to JAG
recipients as follows:
The Notice Condition A State statute, or a State rule, regulation, policy, or practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that, when a State (or State-contracted) correctional facility
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receives from DHS a formal written request authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act that seeks advance notice of the scheduled release date and time for a particular alien in such facility, then such facility will honor such request and—as early as practicable—provide the requested notice to DHS.
The Access Condition A State statute, or a State rule, regulation, policy, or practice, must be in place that is designed to ensure that agents of the United States acting under color of federal law in fact are given access to any State (or State-contracted) correctional facility for the purpose of permitting such agents to meet with individuals who are (or are believed by such agents to be) aliens and to inquire as to such individuals' right to be or remain in the United States.
The Certification Condition The applicant local government must submit the required “Certification of Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373” (executed by the chief legal officer of the local government).
(Award Letter to Greenville, SC at ¶¶ 52, 55, ECF 21-6.)
C. Philadelphia Policies
Philadelphia has a number of policies in place intended to “engender trust with the City’s
immigrant community” that are relevant to this case and the Challenged Conditions. (Am.
Compl. ¶ 24.)
1. Police Department Memorandum 01-06
In 2001, the Philadelphia Police Department issued a memorandum prohibiting its
officers from unnecessarily disclosing individuals’ immigration status, subject to three
exceptions: “(1) required by law, or (2) the immigrant requests, in writing, that the information
be provided, to verify his or her immigration status, or (3) the immigrant is suspected of
engaging in criminal activity, including attempts to obtain public assistance benefits through the
use of fraudulent documents.” (Mem. 01-06 at 1-2, ECF 1-3.) Memorandum 01-06 states also
that “[t]he Philadelphia Police Department will continue to cooperate with federal authorities in
investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities. However,
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immigrants who are victims of crimes will not have their status as an immigrant transmitted in any manner.” (Id. at 2.)
2. “Confidentiality Order” In 2008, then-mayor Michael Nutter signed the “Confidentiality Order,” Executive Order 08-09, which prevents city officers outside of law enforcement from “inquir[ing] about a person’s immigration status unless: (1) documentation of such person’s immigration status is legally required for the determination of program, service or benefit eligibility or the provision of services; or (2) such officer or employee is required by law to inquire about such person’s immigration status.” (Exec. Order 08-09 at 2, ECF 1-4.) With respect to law enforcement, the Confidentiality Order states that “Law enforcement officers shall not: … (2) inquire about a person’s immigration status, unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime (other than mere status as an undocumented alien); (3) inquire about the immigration status of crime victims, witnesses, or others who call or approach the police seeking help; or (4) inquire regarding immigration status for the purpose of enforcing immigration laws. (Id.) The following section ordered law enforcement officers “to cooperate with state and federal authorities in investigating and apprehending individuals who are suspected of criminal activity.” (Id.) 3. Executive Order 5-16 In 2016, Mayor James F. Kenney signed Philadelphia Executive Order No. 5-16, which outlined the circumstances under which Philadelphia prison facilities honor requests to hold inmates pending immigration proceedings. Executive Order 5-16 states in Section 1:
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No person in the custody of the City who otherwise would be released from custody shall be detained pursuant to an ICE civil immigration detainer request pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 287.7, nor shall notice of his or her pending release be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant. (Exec. Order 5-16 at 1-2, ECF 1-6.) A subsequent memorandum issued to the Prisons Commissioner clarified that “the Department of Prisons is directed to cooperate with all federal agencies, including ICE, when presented with a judicial warrant,” irrespective of whether “such person is being released from custody after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 47). 4. ICE Interview Protocol In 2017, the Philadelphia Department of Prisons implemented a new policy allowing ICE to interview inmates only if the inmate consents in writing. (Id. ¶ 52.) When ICE seeks to interview a prisoner, the Philadelphia Department of Prisons provides a consent form informing the inmate that “ICE interviews are voluntary”; “[y]ou have the right to remain silent”; “[y]ou may request to have an attorney present during any interview”; and “[i]f you are already in removal (deportation) proceedings, you have the right to have your immigration lawyer present during any questioning.” (Id.; ICE interview consent form, ECF 1-8.) 5. Participation in Federal Databases Philadelphia law enforcement employ several case management databases visible to or managed by federal law enforcement agencies, which “provide[] the federal government notice about—and identifying information for—persons stopped, detained, arrested, or convicted of a crime in the City.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 55.) The federal government, in turn, “can use information derived from those databases to obtain knowledge about undocumented persons of interest in the City.” (Id.) Shared databases include the Preliminary Arraignment Reporting System (PARS),
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the Automated Fingerprint Information System (AFIS), and the National Crime Information Center (NCIC). (Id.) The City asserts that ICE generates detainer requests based on the information used in AFIS, which is maintained by the FBI. (Id. ¶ 56.) III. Procedural History
On August 30, 2017, the City filed a six-count Complaint in this Court (ECF 1). On September 28, 2017, the City filed a Motion for Preliminary Injunction (ECF 21). The Attorney General responded to the City’s Motion on October 12, 2016 (ECF 28) and the City replied on October 19, 2017 (ECF 46). Several amicus briefs were filed in support of the City’s Motion for a Preliminary Injunction (Brief of County of Amici Curiae Santa Clara et al., ECF 45; Brief of Amici Curiae Philadelphia Social and Legal Services Organizations, Philadelphia ECF 49; Brief of Amici Curiae Administrative Law, Constitutional Law, and Immigration Law Scholars, ECF 50; Brief of Amici Curiae ACLU, et al., ECF 52).
This Court held an evidentiary hearing on the Motion for Preliminary Injunction on October 26, 2017, during which testimony was received from multiple City officials. Oral argument on the Motion for Preliminary Injunction occurred on November 2, 2017. On November 15, 2017, this Court issued a memorandum and order granting the requested Preliminary Injunction. (ECF 74, 75.) The memorandum concluded that the City was likely to succeed in its claims that the Challenged Conditions are unconstitutional under the Spending Clause, the Tenth Amendment, and general principles of federalism. Additionally, this Court concluded that the City had demonstrated that it was likely to succeed in proving that it is in substantial compliance with Section 1373, and as such, can properly certify its compliance with the Byrne JAG condition requiring as much. As a result, this Court issued an order preliminarily enjoining the Attorney General from rejecting the City’s application for FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding, or withholding any FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding from the City on the basis of lack of
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compliance with Section 1373. The Attorney General appealed the Preliminary Injunction to the Third Circuit on January 16, 2018 (ECF 86), which appeal is now pending.
The City filed an Amended Complaint on January 8, 2018 (ECF 84), stating six causes of action:
I. Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Ultra Vires conduct not authorized by Congress in the underlying statute;
II. Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through violation of the Constitution’s separation-of-powers;
III. Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through arbitrary and capricious agency action;
IV. Violation of the Spending Clause; V. Violation of the Tenth Amendment by Commandeering; VI. Seeking an order that Philadelphia Complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 under the
Declaratory Judgment Act. This Court appointed the Honorable David R. Strawbridge, United States Magistrate Judge, to serve as a Master in this case under Fed. R. Civ. P. Rule 53, on January 18, 2018 (ECF 88).
On February 2, 2018, the Attorney General filed a Motion to Dismiss all six Counts of the Amended Complaint (ECF 102). The City responded on February 16, 2018 (ECF 119), and the Attorney General replied on February 28, 2018 (ECF 130). An amicus brief was filed by the States of New York, et al. in support of the City’s Opposition to the Motion to Dismiss (ECF 126).1
1 Litigation over the legality of so-called “sanctuary” jurisdictions is ongoing nationwide. In addition to the Chicago litigation described in the Court’s memorandum regarding the preliminary injunction, the State of California, also a Byrne JAG recipient, seeks a declaration that 8 U.S.C. § 1373, as construed by DOJ, is unconstitutional and an injunction against the Compliance Condition. On March 5, 2018, a judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern
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IV. Legal Standard In considering a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), “we accept all factual allegations
as true [and] construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff.” Warren Gen. Hosp. v. Amgen, Inc., 643 F.3d 77, 84 (3d Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, (2007)). While courts generally may not consider matters outside the pleadings when ruling on a motion to dismiss, “[a] limited exception exists for documents that are ‘integral to or explicitly relied upon in the complaint.’” W. Penn Allegheny Health Sys., Inc. v. UPMC, 627 F.3d 85, 97 n.6 (3d Cir. 2010). See also Pension Ben. Guar. Corp. v. White Consol. Indus., Inc., 998 F.2d 1192, 1196 (3d Cir. 1993) (“[t]o decide a motion to dismiss, courts generally consider only the allegations contained in the complaint, exhibits attached to the complaint and matters of public record”).
When considering a defendant’s motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, a court “treat[s] the allegations in the complaint as true and draw[s] all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff.” Plains All Am. Pipeline L.P. v. Cook, 866 F.3d 534, 538 (3d Cir. 2017) (citing NE Hub Partners, L.P. v. CNG Transmission Corp., 239 F.3d 333, 341 (3d Cir. 2001)).
District of California declined to issue a preliminary injunction, ruling that “the record [was] not sufficient at this stage to determine that State has shown a likelihood of success on the merits” and the State had not shown irreparable harm. State ex rel. Becerra v. Sessions, No. 17-CV-04701-WHO, 2018 WL 1156774, at *16 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 5, 2018). Two days later, on March 7, 2018, the Attorney General announced a lawsuit against the State of California, alleging that several immigration-related state laws are preempted by federal law. See, Press Release, “Justice Department Files Preemption Lawsuit Against the State of California to Stop Interference with Federal Immigration Authorities” (Mar. 7, 2018): https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-preemptionlawsuit-against-state-california-stop-interference
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V. Discussion A. Ripeness The Attorney General asserts that all Counts in the Amended Complaint should be
dismissed on the basis that they are not ripe for this Court’s consideration. Because this attack is lodged against all Counts in the Amended Complaint, we address it first.
In order for an APA challenge to be ripe for judicial review the challenged agency action must 1) “mark the ‘consummation’ of the agency’s decisionmaking process” and 2) “be one by which ‘rights or obligations have been determined,’ or from which ‘legal consequences will flow.’” Ocean Cty. Landfill Corp. v. U.S. E.P.A., Region II, 631 F.3d 652 655 (3d Cir. 2011) (quoting Bennett v. Spear, 520 U.S. 154, 177-178 (1997)).
The Attorney General asserts that the Amended Complaint fails to identify any “final agency action” for this Court to review, a requirement for judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). (Def. Br. in Support of Mot. to Dismiss (“Def. Br.”) at 9, ECF 102.) The Attorney General asserts that DOJ has not yet made a decision in response to the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding application, and as such could not possibly have imposed conditions on the grant of an award that has not yet been granted. (Id.)
The City argues that the first requirement is met by the allegations that the Challenged Conditions were included in the JAG award to Greenville, South Carolina, which the DOJ represented in the Chicago litigation would provide the terms for every FY 2017 JAG grant, and that the DOJ represented at oral argument in this Court that it will not grant Philadelphia a JAG award until the Chicago appeal is “resolved.” (Pl. Br. in Op. to Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss (“Pl. Br.”) at 11, ECF 119.) As to the second requirement, the City argues that as a result of the DOJ’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions the City must either certify compliance or forgo the grant, which constitutes a legal consequence. (Id. at 12.)
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The City has alleged facts to properly make out final agency action on the part of the DOJ in imposing the Challenged Conditions on the FY 2017 at the Motion to Dismiss stage. The Amended Complaint alleges that prior to the application deadline for FY 2017 Byrne JAG grants the DOJ publicly announced that all grant recipients must comply with all three of the Challenged Conditions—the Section 1373 condition, the advance notification condition, and the jail access condition. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 92, 97.) The Amended Complaint further alleges that if it is required to comply with these conditions as the DOJ construes them in order to receive its grant money, the City will have to significantly alter its policies, to the detriment of public health and safety. (Am. Compl. ¶ 107. )
As this Court observed in the Preliminary Injunction Memorandum, the Attorney General’s decision to impose the conditions “represents the agency’s definitive position on the question,” such that it is now “final” and ripe for this Court’s review. Univ. of Med. & Dentistry of N.J. v. Corrigan, 347 F.3d 57, 69 (3d Cir. 2003); see Abbott Labs. v. Gardner, 387 U.S. 136, 149 (1967).
Finding that the City has properly alleged at the Motion to Dismiss stage that this controversy and all six Counts are ripe for our consideration, we now turn to an evaluation of the viability of each Count.
B. Count I: Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Ultra Vires conduct not authorized by Congress in the underlying statute Count I asserts that DOJ’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions violated the
Administrative Procedure Act as ultra vires conduct not authorized by Congress in the Byrne JAG statute, which establishes the Byrne JAG program as a formula grant. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 11321, ECF 84.) The APA commands courts “hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in
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accordance with law” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A), and the City seeks injunctive, declaratory, and mandamus relief for the Attorney General’s ultra vires conduct.
The positions of the parties in the briefing on the motion to dismiss largely mirror the arguments made at the preliminary injunction phase.
The Attorney General argues that pursuant to 34 U.S.C. § 10110(2), the Attorney General possesses “final authority over all functions, including any grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts made, or entered into, for the Office of Justice Programs,” which is headed by an Assistant Attorney General pursuant to 34 U.S.C. § 10101; in turn, the Assistant Attorney General overseeing the Office of Justice Programs may “exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6).
The Attorney General locates an additional source of support for the Certification Condition in the Byrne JAG statute itself, which requires that applications from jurisdictions seeking funding shall include a certification that “the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) (emphasis added). The Attorney General considers 8 U.S.C. § 1373 to be an applicable federal law, making certification of compliance authorized by the Byrne JAG statute.
The City responds that the Byrne JAG program is a formula-based award rather than a discretionary program, and neither 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) nor 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) grants authority to the Attorney General to impose additional conditions on Byrne JAG awards. Specifically, the City considers the ability of the Assistant Attorney General, pursuant to 34 U.S.C. § 10102 (a)(6), to “plac[e] special conditions on all grants, and determin[e] priority
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purposes for formula grants” not to create an independent source of authority for the Attorney General to impose conditions of his choosing in the absence of any Congressional delegation of authority to the Attorney General or independent source of authority elsewhere in Chapter 101 for the Assistant Attorney General to impose the Challenged Conditions. The City considers the phrase “all other applicable Federal laws” in 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) as referring only to federal grantmaking laws, which would not include 8 U.S.C. § 1373; thus, conditioning Byrne JAG awards on certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 is not authorized by statute.
Taking all the facts in the Amended Complaint as true, the Court concludes, as it did in its memorandum regarding the preliminary injunction, that 34 U.S.C. § 10102 (a)(6) is not a source of statutory authority for the Challenged Conditions for all of the reasons the Court identified in its earlier memorandum. See City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 280 F. Supp. 3d 579 at *26-27 (E.D. Pa. 2017). The Attorney General’s attempt in its most recent briefing to invoke the Attorney General’s “final authority over all functions, including any grants…for the Office of Justice Programs” under 34 U.S.C. § 10110(2) cannot plausibly be read as a Congressional grant of authority to the Attorney General to delegate the ability to impose the Challenged Conditions to the Assistant Attorney General. Most naturally read, this statutory subsection simply establishes chains of command at the Department of Justice, with the Attorney General ultimately accountable for the activities of a subordinate department.
With respect to the issue of whether 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) allows the Attorney General to require certification with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the Court reiterates its earlier discussion from the memorandum on the preliminary injunction:
The statutory language is far from unambiguous as it applies to the present case, as it is unclear whether Congress intended to permit the Attorney General to require certification from JAG Program applicants on “Federal laws” in contexts beyond the awarding of federal grants…whether the Certification Condition falls
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inside or outside the Attorney General’s Congressionally-delegated authority turns on the phrase, “all other applicable Federal laws.” City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 280 F. Supp. 3d 579 at *29 (E.D. Pa. 2017). At the preliminary injunction stage, the Court concluded that it was a “close call” as to whether 8 U.S.C. § 1373 fell within the ambit of the “all other applicable Federal laws” language of 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Sessions, 280 F. Supp. 3d 579 at *29. The City continues to present an eminently plausible reading of this language, and the Court therefore denies Defendant Sessions’ motion to dismiss Count I of the Amended Complaint, without deciding the legal issue. C. Count II: Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through violation of the Separation of powers Count II asserts that DOJ’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions violated the Administrative Procedure Act by contravening the separation of powers. The Attorney General argues that imposition of the Challenged Conditions did not violate the separation of powers because it was acting pursuant to statutory authority. The City responds that by “imposing conditions on federal spending that Congress itself has not, the Attorney General has usurped Congress’ appropriations power.” (Pl. Br. at 24.) The City argues that imposition of the Challenged Conditions amounts to an unconstitutional refusal to disburse funds that Congress had already appropriated, in violation of the President’s duty to “take Care that the Law be faithfully executed,” see U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5, and the Presentment Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The City’s briefing rests on basic premises of constitutional law: Congress makes the laws, and the Executive Branch enforces them. Article I of the U.S. Constitution states that “[t]he Congress shall have Power…to…provide for the…general Welfare of the United States.”
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U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1. In turn, the President is obligated to “take Care that the Law be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3, cl. 5.
By establishing the Byrne JAG program, Congress established a formula grant program for applicant states and localities to receive funds. See 34 U.S.C. § 10156 (establishing formula). Imposing grant conditions that Congress did not authorize, as discussed above, and denying duly appropriated funds for failure to satisfy those unilaterally imposed conditions is not the sort of “faithful[] execut[ion]” of the laws that Article II requires of the Executive. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the executive branch cannot withhold Congressional appropriations to states and localities. See Train v. City of New York, 420 U.S. 35, 44 (1975) (where Congress appropriated an amount “not to exceed” $5 billion and $6 billion for local sewer maintenance for fiscal years 1973 and 1974, the president acted improperly in explicitly ordering the EPA to disburse only $2 billion and $3 billion in those years where statute did not provide such discretion); see also In re Aiken Cty., 725 F.3d 255, 261 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (“a President sometimes has policy reasons…for wanting to spend less than the full amount appropriated by Congress for a particular project or program. But in those circumstances, even the President does not have unilateral authority to refuse to spend the funds”).
Taking the facts in the Amended Complaint as true, the Court finds that the City has plausibly stated a claim for an APA violation due to DOJ’s violation of the separation of powers, and denies the Attorney General’s motion to dismiss Count II.
D. Count III: Violation of the Administrative Procedure Act through Arbitrary and Capricious Agency Action In Count III of its Amended Complaint, the City alleges that the imposition of the
Challenged Conditions on the receipt of FY 2017 Byrne JAG funds was arbitrary and capricious, in violation of the APA.
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Seeking to dismiss Count III, the Attorney General argues that the City has not properly stated a claim under the APA because the conditions comport with the Spending Clause and are authorized by statute, and against this background it would be unreasonable to conclude that the decision to impose them was arbitrary and capricious. (Def. Br. at 15.) Additionally, the Attorney General asserts that the Department acted rationally in imposing the Challenged Conditions, and clearly explained its reasoning for doing so. (Def. Br. at 16-17.)
The City responds that they have properly stated a claim that the decision was arbitrary in that they have alleged three reasons establishing as much: first, the Department’s stated reasons for imposing the conditions are not borne out by the actual impact of those conditions; second, the Attorney General has not explained the decision to impose the conditions in light of the ample evidence that doing so would impede the purpose of the Byrne JAG program; and third, the Attorney General has failed to explain the shift in the DOJ’s position. (Pl. Br. at 25-27.)
The APA explicitly exempts grants from the statutory rulemaking requirements that apply to most agency action. 5 U.S.C. § 553(a)(2). Nevertheless, some general procedural standards apply to agency action relating to grants. Under the APA, courts must “hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A). An agency “must examine the relevant data and articulate a satisfactory explanation for its action including a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.” Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n of U.S., Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983) (internal quotation omitted); Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro, 136 S.Ct. 2117, 2125 (2016) (“[A]n agency must give adequate reasons for its decisions.”). An agency rule will be found to be arbitrary and capricious “if the agency has relied on factors which Congress has not intended it to consider,
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entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem, offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before the agency, or is so implausible that it could not be ascribed to a difference in view or the product of agency expertise.” Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n, 463 U.S. at 43. Additionally, reversal or alteration of policy that constitutes an “unexplained inconsistency” can lead to a finding that the new policy is arbitrary and capricious. Nat’l Cable & Telecomms. Ass’n v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967, 981 (2005).
The City alleges that in the spring of 2016 the Inspector General conducted an investigation into whether jurisdictions that receive DOJ funding were in compliance with Section 1373, and ultimately produced a report indicating concern with the level of compliance. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 75, 76.) Following the report, the Assistant Attorney General announced that in response to this report the Office of Justice Programs determined that Section 1373 is an “applicable” federal law under the Byrne JAG program, and that JAG grantees must certify compliance with Section 1373. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 77-78.) On April 21, 2017 the DOJ sent a letter to Philadelphia instructing the City that it must certify compliance with Section 1373 pursuant to its receipt of funds under the Byrne JAG program in 2016. (Am. Compl. ¶ 83.) The City alleges that no explanation was given then, or has since been given, for the decision to require Section 1373 compliance. The jail access and advance notification conditions were announced on July 25, 2017. The City alleges that the DOJ did not offer satisfactory explanations for how it arrived at any of these three conditions, alternatives that were considered, or what purpose of the JAG program they further. A review of the relevant documents relied on in the Complaint and thus available for our consideration at the Motion to Dismiss stage confirms that the City has in fact properly made out its claim that the Attorney General’s decision to impose the Challenged Conditions was arbitrary and capricious.
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Indeed, the “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements” published by the DOJ identified “the goal of increasing information sharing between federal, state, and local law enforcement” in order to “ensur[e] that federal immigration authorities have the information they need to enforce the law and keep our communities safe,” but failed to specify how the Challenged Conditions would achieve that end. (ECF 1-1). A July 6, 2017 press release from the DOJ repeated similar concerns, again without detailing the connection to the Challenged Conditions. (ECF 1-2). Exchanges on May 31, 2016 and July 7, 2016 between the Inspector General to the Attorney General’s office are largely descriptive of the investigative process it undertook into several jurisdictions’ level of compliance with Section 1373, and lack any thorough evaluation of why requiring compliance would further the purpose of the Byrne JAG program. (ECF 1-10, 11.) DOJ guidance materials on the imposition of the Challenged Conditions are likewise thin on this subject. (ECF 1-12, 13, 15, 16.)
At the Motion to Dismiss stage, we cannot say that the City will be unable to establish that the DOJ has not properly explained its decision to impose the Challenged Conditions, or that the decision to impose the conditions runs counter to the evidence available to the DOJ, or an alternative theory that the decision was arbitrary and capricious. Based on the facts alleged, viewing them in the light most favorable to the City, the Court concludes that the City has plausibly stated a claim that the challenged conditions are arbitrary and capricious. The Motion to Dismiss Count III will be denied.
E. Count IV: Violation of the Spending Clause Count IV asserts that DOJ’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions exceeds the
constitutional limits under the Spending Clause because the Challenged Conditions are “not ‘reasonably related’ or ‘germane[]’ to the federal interest that underlies the Byrne JAG grant
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program.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 138 (quoting South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207-08 & n.3 (1987)).)
The Attorney General moves to dismiss Count IV on the ground that the Challenged Conditions are consistent with the Spending Clause. The Attorney General argues that they are not ambiguous and that immigration enforcement is related to criminal justice, thus clearing the constitutional hurdle for Spending Clause legislation under cases such as Koslow v. Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002), which requires only a “discernable relationship” between a funding condition and the federal interest in a program. Citing legislative history evincing a Congressional desire to allow localities to develop their own solutions to criminal justice issues, the City argues that the Challenged Conditions, which seek to enforce immigration law, do not further the purposes of the Byrne JAG program, and impose unconstitutionally ambiguous requirements on the City. (City Br. at 29-36.)
As with much of the briefing on the motion to dismiss, the parties mostly repeat their prior positions from the preliminary injunction phase. In its memorandum issued on November 15, 2017, the Court discussed at considerable length the reasons that the City was likely to succeed on the merits of its challenge to the imposition of the Challenged Conditions as violating the Spending Clause. The Court began by reviewing some basic principles of Spending Clause jurisprudence:
Article I, Section 8, clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the “Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.” U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 1. Article I grants this power to Congress, and Congress alone. Nothing in Article II of the Constitution provides the Executive with any independent authority to spend, or withhold, federal funds that Congress has appropriated. Rather, the Executive is obligated to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” U.S. Const. art. II, § 3.
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Congress regularly appropriates money to be paid out to states and localities, and uses that financial leverage to induce policy changes at the state and local level. In this way, “Congress may, in the exercise of its spending power, condition its grant of funds to the States upon their taking certain actions that Congress could not require them to take.” Coll. Sav. Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Educ. Expense Bd., 527 U.S. 666, 686 (1999); accord Nat’l Fed’n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 576 (2012). The Supreme Court has likened Spending Clause legislation to a “contract” whereby “in return for federal funds, the States agree to comply with federally imposed conditions.” Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1, 17 (1981)).
At the same time, Congress’ power to condition receipt of federal funds is subject to a number of limitations: “Spending Clause legislation must: (1) pursue the general welfare; (2) impose unambiguous conditions on states, so they can exercise choices knowingly and with awareness of the consequences; (3) impose conditions related to federal interests in the program; and (4) not induce unconstitutional action.” Koslow v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 302 F.3d 161, 175 (3d Cir. 2002) (citing South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207–08, 210 (1987)).
City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 280 F. Supp. 3d 579 at *45-46 (E.D. Pa. 2017).
In the section that followed, the Court found that no discernable relationship existed
between the federal government’s interest in a formula grant program established to provide
criminal justice funding to localities and the Access and Notice Conditions, but that the
Certification Condition was a closer issue. Id. at *46-50. The Court also found that the Access
and Notice Conditions were not unambiguously imposed by Congress, as would be required
under the Spending Clause, but had been imposed by the Attorney General, and even the
Certification Condition was a closer call, given the multiple possible readings of the “all other
applicable Federal laws” language of 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Id. at *52. However, the
Court declined to make a final ruling on the ambiguity issue at the preliminary injunction phase.
Id.
The discussion in the earlier memorandum remains equally applicable at this stage of the
litigation, when the Court is simply evaluating whether the City has stated a claim upon which
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relief may be granted “that is plausible on its face,” which the City most certainly has. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Taking the allegations in the Amended Complaint as true, the Court finds that the City has properly stated a claim that the Challenged Conditions violate the Spending Clause, and accordingly will deny the Attorney General’s motion to dismiss Count IV.
F. Count V: Tenth Amendment: Commandeering In Count V, the City alleges that the Challenged Conditions would commandeer City
employees to perform federal functions in violation of the Tenth Amendment, and thus seeks a permanent injunction against the imposition of these conditions. The Attorney General moves to dismiss this Count, arguing that because the Challenged Conditions are attached to a grant that the City is free to decline, the conditions cannot possibly violate the Tenth Amendment. (Def. Br. at 24.) The Attorney General further argues that the City has put forth a deficient facial challenge to Section 1373. (Id. at 25-26.) The City does not address the argument that it can turn down the grant and thus avoid complying with the conditions, but instead responds that it has properly stated a claim that the Challenged Conditions constitute affirmative commands on City employees and would therefore commandeer City officers and employees in violation of the Tenth Amendment. (Pl. Br. at 37.) In addition, the City clarifies that it has not brought a facial challenge to 8 U.S.C. §1373 itself; rather, the City asserts that it has properly alleged that applying Section 1373 to the City as the Attorney General interprets it—as a general matter, rather than requiring compliance under the Certification Condition—would likewise unconstitutionally commandeer City officers and employees. (Id. at 38-42.)
The Tenth Amendment states: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the
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people.” U.S. Const. Am. 10. The anti-commandeering doctrine, driven by federalism, has emerged from this “truism.” United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100, 124 (1941). Important precedents illuminate both the contours of this doctrine, and its relevance to the present case. In New York v. U.S., the Supreme Court held that a federal statutory provision that required each state to either provide for the disposal of waste generated within its borders within ten years, or take title of such waste, is unconstitutional in that it “is inconsistent with the federal structure of our Government.” New York v. U.S., 505 U.S. 144, 177 (1992). The Court observed that “[b]ecause an instruction to state governments to take title to waste, standing alone, would be beyond the authority of Congress, and because a direct order to regulate, standing alone, would also be beyond the authority of Congress, it follows that Congress lacks the power to offer the States a choice between the two.” Id. at 176. In Printz v. United States, the Supreme Court held that several provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act were unconstitutional because they “purport[ed] to direct state law enforcement officers to participate, albeit only temporarily, in the administration of a federally enacted regulatory scheme.” Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 904 (1997). In Galarza v. Szalczyk the Third Circuit held that federallyissued “immigration detainers do not and cannot compel a state or local law enforcement agency to detain suspected aliens subject to removal,” and observed that if they did, it “would violate the anti-commandeering doctrine of the Tenth Amendment.” Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634, 636 (3d Cir. 2014).
The Access and Notice conditions both impose affirmative obligations on the City. The Certification condition appears to limit the City’s ability to direct its officials and employees conduct with respect to federal immigration enforcement. While the conditions are indeed attached to a federal grant that the City in theory could decline, the City is heavily reliant on
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these grant funds which the City has received, reliably and predictably, following a standard formula grant application process for years. As the Court observed in the memorandum on the preliminary injunction, “Philadelphia is faced with a “Hobson’s Choice” between, on the one hand, complying with a law it credibly believes is unconstitutional, and on the other hand, foregoing funds it plans to use for life-saving projects.” City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 280 F. Supp. 3d 579 at *124 (E.D. Pa. 2017).
The Amici States also cite to a statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10228(a), mentioned in passing by the City in its opposition to the motion to dismiss but not in the City’s Amended Complaint, which is relevant to the City’s commandeering challenge. (Br. of State of New York et al. at 13-15, ECF 126.) 34 U.S.C. § 10228(a) states:
Nothing in this chapter or any other Act shall be construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over any police force or any other criminal justice agency of any State or any political subdivision thereof. Id. Amici freely acknowledge the paucity of federal case law construing the language of § 10228(a)—particularly at the appellate level—but nonetheless argue that imposition of the Challenged Conditions amounts to unlawful “direction, supervision, or control” over Philadelphia law enforcement efforts. The Fourth Circuit, in one of only two appellate opinions to have discussed the language of what is now 34 U.S.C. § 10228(a), noted that the “dominant concern of Congress” in enacting this language “apparently was to guard against any tendency towards federalization of local police and law enforcement agencies” and discussed Congress’s “fear that overbroad federal control of state law enforcement could result in the creation of an Orwellian ‘federal police force.’” Ely v. Velde, 451 F.2d 1130, 1136 (4th Cir. 1971) (denying injunction against
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construction of state prison with federal funds, despite the state’s failure to comply with federal environmental and historic preservation statutes).
The Third Circuit invoked the “congressional policy of forbidding federal ‘direction, supervision, or control’ of local police departments” in a decision affirming the dismissal of a complaint by the United States against the City of Philadelphia and various Philadelphia law enforcement officials for alleged racial discrimination by law enforcement against minority citizens. United States v. City of Philadelphia, 644 F.2d 187, 204 (3d Cir. 1980) (describing the need for specificity in pleading to protect local law enforcement from “frivolous and insubstantial claims” and “burdensome discovery”). The Court added in a footnote that the language of what is now 34 U.S.C. § 10228 appeared “in the same section that authorizes the Attorney General to sue to prevent discrimination in the administration of federal funds.” Id. at 204 n.27. This seldom-applied statute may have significant impact on this case and also warrants denial of the motion to dismiss.
We cannot at this stage say that the City will be unable to prove that the Challenged Conditions violate the Tenth Amendment, particularly as they appear to impose the sort of federal “direction, supervision, or control” that 34 U.S.C. § 10228(a) forbids. The City has put forth sufficient allegations to survive a Motion to Dismiss the claim that the Challenged Conditions, if enforced, would unconstitutionally commandeer City officials. The Attorney General’s Motion to Dismiss Count V will be denied.
G. Count VI: Declaratory Judgment Act: Philadelphia Complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 In Count VI, the City seeks a declaratory judgment that its policies are in compliance
with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. The Attorney General argues that the City has not stated a proper cause of action to seek this declaratory judgment. (Def. Br. at 28.) Additionally, the Attorney General
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asserts that this claim must be dismissed because the City’s own allegations included in the Amended Complaint demonstrate that their policies violate Section 1373. (Id. at 30-31.) The City responds that the Attorney General’s position that the City’s policies conflict with Section 1373 is simply the result of a misreading and misrepresentation of the details of those policies. (Id. at 52-53.) The City argues that the allegations in the Complaint demonstrate that it is at the very least in substantial compliance with 1373. (Id. at 53-57.)
Under 28 U.S.C. § 2201, “[i]n a case of actual controversy within its jurisdiction…any court of the United States, upon the filing of an appropriate pleading, may declare the rights and other legal relations of any interested party seeking such declaration.” “In the declaratory judgment context, the normal principle that federal courts should adjudicate claims within their jurisdiction yields to considerations of practicality and wise judicial administration.” Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., 515 U.S. 277, 288 (1995). Having already determined that this case is ripe before this Court, the City’s request for a declaratory judgment is appropriate, and we now conclude that the City has alleged facts sufficient to state a claim for declaratory relief at the Motion to Dismiss stage. The City’s policies, as alleged, appear to comply with the requirements of Section 1373. The City alleges that it has no policy prohibiting the sharing of any immigration status information. Further, the City is correct that it would be a logical fallacy to conclude that policies that instruct City officials and employees not to collect immigration status information in certain contexts violate Section 1373—as the City points out in its Memorandum, “Philadelphia cannot restrict the sharing of information it does not collect” in the first place. (Am. Compl. ¶ 154.) The City has made out a proper claim for a declaratory judgment that its policies are in compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. The Attorney General’s Motion to Dismiss Count VI will be denied.
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 138 Filed 03/13/18 Page 27 of 27 VI. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, Defendant Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III’s motion to dismiss is DENIED. An appropriate order follows.
O:\CIVIL 17\17-3894 City v Sessions\17cv3894 Memorandum re MTD.docx
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THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA v. SESSIONS, Docket No. 2:17-cv-03894 (E.D. Pa. Aug 30, 2017), Court Docket
General Information

Court Federal Nature of Suit Docket Number

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
Other Statutes - Administrative Procedure Act/Review or Appeal of Agency Decision[899]
2:17-cv-03894

© 2018 The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Service // PAGE 28

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA v. SESSIONS, Docket No. 2:17-cv-03894 (E.D. Pa. Aug 30, 2017), Court Docket
Notes
No Notepad Content Found
© 2018 The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Service // PAGE 29

 
 No. 18-1103
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
Defendant-Appellant.
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
BRIEF FOR APPELLANT
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
LOUIS D. LAPPEN United States Attorney
MARK B. STERN DANIEL TENNY BRAD HINSHELWOOD
Attorneys, Appellate Staff Civil Division, Room 7256 U.S. Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20530 (202) 514-7823

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION ...................................................................................1 STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES..........................................................................................1 STATEMENT OF RELATED CASES ...............................................................................2 STATEMENT OF THE CASE.............................................................................................2
A. Statutory Background........................................................................................2 B. Factual Background ...........................................................................................4 C. Prior Proceedings...............................................................................................6 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT........................................................................................... 11 STANDARD OF REVIEW ................................................................................................ 13 ARGUMENT ......................................................................................................................... 13 I. The District Court Erred in Evaluating Philadelphia’s Compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 in Advance of Any Final Agency Action and Without the Benefit of the Record That Would Form the Basis for That Action ................. 13 II. The District Court Did Not Explain How Philadelphia Is in “Substantial Compliance” and That Doctrine Does Not Excuse a Party’s Deliberate Failure to Comply with a Statutory Mandate ......................................................... 17 III. No Other Justification Supports the Injunction.................................................... 22 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 27 COMBINED CERTIFICATIONS
ADDENDUM

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases:

Page(s)

American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today v. U.S. Dep’t of Hous. & Urban Dev., 170 F.3d 381 (3d Cir. 1999) ...............................................................................................13

Baccei v. United States, 632 F.3d 1140 (9th Cir. 2011)............................................................................................19

Bell v. New Jersey, 461 U.S. 773 (1983) .............................................................................................................13

Bimbo Bakeries USA, Inc. v. Botticella, 613 F.3d 102 (3d Cir. 2010) ...............................................................................................13

Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138 (1973) .............................................................................................................16

Christ the King Manor, Inc. v. Secretary U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 730 F.3d 291 (3d Cir. 2013) ........................................................................................ 12, 14

City of Chicago v. Sessions, 264 F. Supp. 3d 933 (N.D. Ill. 2017) ..........................................................................23-24

City of El Cenizo v. Texas, __ F. 3d __, 2018 WL 1282035 (5th Cir. Mar. 13, 2018).....................................................................21

Florida Power & Light Co. v. Lorion, 470 U.S. 729 (1985) .............................................................................................................15

Fortin v. Commissioner of Mass. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 692 F.2d 790 (1st Cir. 1982)...............................................................................................19

FTC v. Standard Oil Co., 449 U.S. 232 (1980) .............................................................................................................14

Hindes v. FDIC, 137 F.3d 148 (3d Cir. 1998) ...............................................................................................14

Horizons Int’l, Inc. v. Baldridge, 811 F.2d 154 (3d Cir. 1987) ...............................................................................................15

ii

Jeff D. v. Otter, 643 F.3d 278 (9th Cir. 2011)..............................................................................................19
Minard Run Oil Co. v. U.S. Forest Serv., 670 F.3d 236 (3d Cir. 2011) ........................................................................................ 13, 15
Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1 (1981) .......................................................................................................... 25, 26
Phoenix Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Adams, 30 F.3d 554 (4th Cir. 1994) ................................................................................................19
Rite Aid of Pa., Inc. v. Houstoun, 171 F.3d 842 (3d Cir. 1999) ...............................................................................................14
Sawyer v. Sonoma County, 719 F.2d 1001 (9th Cir. 1983)............................................................................................20
Shands v. Tull, 602 F.2d 1156 (3d Cir. 1979) ...................................................................................... 18, 19
South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987) ...................................................................................................... 25, 26
State Coll. Manor, Ltd. v. Commonwealth Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 498 A.2d 996 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1985)..............................................................................20
TSG Inc. v. U.S. EPA, 538 F.3d 264 (3d Cir. 2008) ...............................................................................................13
University of Med. & Dentistry of N.J. v. Corrigan, 347 F.3d 57 (3d Cir. 2003) .................................................................................................14
Wells Benz, Inc. v. United States, 333 F.2d 89 (9th Cir. 1964) ................................................................................................19
Statutes:
5 U.S.C. § 704.................................................................................................................... 11, 13
8 U.S.C. § 1226(a) ....................................................................................................................20
8 U.S.C. § 1231...........................................................................................................................6
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8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(1)(B)(iii)......................................................................................................5 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(4) .................................................................................................................5 8 U.S.C. § 1373........................................................................................ 1, 2, 3, 11, 13, 15, 23 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a) ......................................................................................................................3 8 U.S.C. § 1373(b)......................................................................................................................3 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1) ...............................................................................................................1 28 U.S.C. § 1331 ........................................................................................................................1 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1).............................................................................................................3 34 U.S.C. § 10153(A) ................................................................................................................3 34 U.S.C. § 10153(A)(5)(D) .........................................................................1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 23 34 U.S.C. § 10154 .........................................................................................................4, 12, 15 34 U.S.C. § 10156 ......................................................................................................................3
Rules: Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(B)(iii)...................................................................................................1 Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a)(2) ...........................................................................................................23 Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(1)(A) .....................................................................................................23
Other Authority: Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice (Oct. 12, 2017), https://go.usa.gov/xQate............5
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STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION Plaintiff invoked the district court’s jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331. The district court entered a preliminary injunction on November 15, 2017. App. 3. The government timely filed its notice of appeal on January 16, 2018. App. 1; Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(B)(iii). This Court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1).
STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES The Department of Justice administers the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (Byrne JAG) program, a nationwide grant program through which the Department provides funding to state and local law enforcement for a variety of purposes, including crime prevention, prosecution, detention, and victim services. Grant applicants must certify that they will “comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(A)(5)(D). As part of the FY 2017 Byrne JAG application, Philadelphia and other applicants are required to certify that they comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, which prohibits states and localities from restricting the sharing of “information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual” with federal authorities. Before the Department had made a decision on Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application, the district court declared that Philadelphia is in “substantial compliance” with § 1373 and issued a preliminary injunction barring the Department from rejecting Philadelphia’s FY 2017 application or withholding FY 2017 Byrne JAG

funds from Philadelphia on the basis of noncompliance with the statute. The issues presented are:
1. Whether the district court erred in preempting final agency action on Philadelphia’s FY 2017 grant application and resolving disputed facts outside of the statutorily-designated administrative process. [Ruled upon at App. 122-27].
2. Whether the district court erred in applying the doctrine of substantial compliance without addressing the federal government’s asserted grounds of noncompliance, and where any noncompliance with federal law would be the result of Philadelphia’s deliberate choices, not inadvertence or mistake. [Ruled upon at App. 122-27].
STATEMENT OF RELATED CASES This case has not previously been before this Court. Four other cases pending in district courts outside this circuit involve challenges to the Attorney General’s authority to require recipients of Byrne JAG funds to certify their compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373. See City of Chicago v. Sessions (N.D. Ill. No. 17-cv-5720); California v. Sessions (N.D. Cal. No. 17-cv-04701); City & County of San Francisco v. Sessions (N.D. Cal. No. 17-cv-04642); City of West Palm Beach v. Sessions (S.D. Fla. No. 18-cv-80131).
STATEMENT OF THE CASE A. Statutory Background The Department of Justice administers the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (Byrne JAG) program. The Byrne JAG statute provides that
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“[f]rom amounts made available to carry out” the program, “the Attorney General may,” in accordance with a statutory formula, “make grants to States and units of local government” for certain criminal justice purposes. 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1).1 The grant funds are divided among grantees based on a statutory formula, largely premised on population and crime statistics. Id. § 10156. States and localities that seek funding under the program must submit an application “in such form as the Attorney General may require.” Id. § 10153(A). Among other requirements, applicants must certify that they “will comply with” the Byrne JAG statute “and all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 10153(A)(5)(D).
In both 2016 and 2017, the Department identified 8 U.S.C. § 1373 as an “applicable Federal law[]” under the Byrne JAG program. As relevant here, § 1373(a) provides that state and local governments and officials “may not prohibit or in any way restrict” the sharing of “information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual” with federal immigration authorities. 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a). And § 1373(b) provides that “no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from . . . requesting or receiving information regarding the immigration status . . . of any individual.”
Jurisdictions that fail to meet the application requirements set by the Attorney General for the Byrne JAG program can be denied funding. Before any action is
1 The provisions at issue here, which previously appeared in Title 42, were recently recodified in Title 34.
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taken, however, jurisdictions at risk of denial are provided with an administrative mechanism for correcting any flaws in the application. The Byrne JAG statute requires that “[t]he Attorney General shall not finally disapprove any application (or any amendment to that application) submitted under this part without first affording the applicant reasonable notice of any deficiencies in the application and opportunity for correction and reconsideration.” 34 U.S.C. § 10154. A dissatisfied applicant may then seek review of the determination under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).
B. Factual Background In May 2016, the Department’s Office of the Inspector General issued a report raising concerns about compliance with § 1373 by ten jurisdictions receiving Department grants, including Philadelphia. App. 216-31. As a result, in FY 2016, the Department included a condition in the Byrne JAG awards for these jurisdictions requiring them to review their compliance with § 1373 and to submit a letter from counsel explaining the jurisdiction’s basis for its belief that it complied. App. 214. To comply with the FY 2016 requirement, Philadelphia provided a letter from its city solicitor in June 2017 certifying its compliance with § 1373. Id. at 243-58. A few weeks later, in preparation for the FY 2017 grant year, the Department announced that grant recipients would be required to certify their compliance with § 1373 in connection with their applications for Byrne JAG funds (the “certification
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condition”).2 App. 272-73, 286-87. The condition is intended to ensure that state and local law enforcement grant recipients share information about aliens who have committed or are suspected of having committed crimes—a category of persons that both local and federal law enforcement have an interest in detaining. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(1)(B)(iii) (immigration removal period “begins on . . . the date the alien is released from [state or local criminal] detention”); id. § 1231(a)(4) (Department of Homeland Security, except in limited circumstances, “may not remove an alien who is sentenced to imprisonment until the alien is released from imprisonment”).
In October 2017, the Department initiated an administrative process to determine whether Philadelphia’s FY 2016 certification of compliance with § 1373 was accurate. That process began with a letter informing the City of the Department’s “preliminary assessment” that Philadelphia “appears to have laws, policies, or practices that violate 8 U.S.C. § 1373.” App. 357.3 The letter raised concerns regarding two city policies embodied in city executive orders or police commissioner memoranda regarding information-sharing. The first was a
2 The Department also announced two new special conditions on Byrne JAG funding related to cooperation between local authorities and federal immigration officials. Philadelphia’s lawsuit challenges those conditions as well, but those conditions were not enjoined by the district court and are not at issue in this appeal.
3 The Department sent similar letters to other jurisdictions identified in the Inspector General’s report, and in some cases those letters informed the jurisdiction that no violations had been found, see App. 218, 355; Press Release, U.S. Dep’t of Justice (Oct. 12, 2017), https://go.usa.gov/xQate.
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Philadelphia executive order stating that the City would not provide the federal government with notice of an individual’s pending release from custody unless the individual was convicted of a first- or second-degree felony involving violence and the federal government obtained a judicial warrant. Id.; cf. 8 U.S.C. § 1231 (removal period triggered by release from state custody). The second was a prohibition on sharing the immigration status of perpetrators of crime if the perpetrator is also a victim of crime. App. 357-58.
The Department’s letter also raised questions as to the manner in which the City was interpreting and implementing three other policies. Two of these policies generally restrict the disclosure or transmission of information about an immigrant unless required by law or subject to certain exceptions, App. 358-59, while the third restricts a police officer’s ability to “inquire about a person’s immigration status,” except in certain limited circumstances, App. 358. The letter invited Philadelphia to submit additional information about these policies to enable the Department to evaluate the city’s compliance with § 1373 “before [the Department] reaches its final determination.” App. 359. The City provided a response to the preliminary assessment in late October of 2017. App. 365-68.
C. Prior Proceedings On August 30, 2017, before submitting its FY 2017 Byrne JAG application and before receiving the Department’s October 2017 preliminary assessment, Philadelphia instituted this suit. As relevant here, Philadelphia asserted that § 1373 is not an
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“applicable Federal law[]” within the meaning of 34 U.S.C. § 10153(A)(5)(D); that the Attorney General otherwise lacked statutory authority to impose the condition; that imposition of the condition was arbitrary and capricious; and that the condition exceeded the government’s powers under the Spending Clause and violated the Tenth Amendment. Philadelphia also sought a declaration from the district court that it in fact complies with § 1373. The district court conducted a hearing on the City’s request for a preliminary injunction, at which it heard testimony about the City’s policies toward aliens and the City’s cooperation with federal immigration enforcement efforts.
The district court issued a 128-page opinion laying out its views on a wide range of issues related to federal immigration policy and the criminal justice system in Philadelphia. See, e.g., App. 93-94 (comparing the prior and “current administration’s” immigration enforcement priorities and opining that the “new conditions will ‘widen the net’ of immigration enforcement unfairly”).4 The district court opined that “immigration law does not impact the criminal justice system”; “[i]mmigration law has nothing to do with the enforcement of local criminal laws”; “it is simply not the case that local criminal justice actors in Philadelphia care about federal immigration laws”; and “the pursuit of criminal justice [does not] in any way rel[y] on the enforcement of
4 The determination that § 1373 is an applicable federal law under the Byrne JAG program was first made by the prior administration, see App. 233-34, and the district court noted that a condition requiring a review of compliance with § 1373 was included in Philadelphia’s FY 2016 Byrne JAG award, App. 18; see App. 214.
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immigration law.” App. 104. The district court also drew sweeping conclusions relying on “findings” based not on record evidence submitted by the parties, but on the court’s own “considerable research” outside the record, including “newspaper accounts of the discussions of Congress over ‘immigration reform,’” App. 50-51, and the district judge’s own “personal experience” as a state and federal prosecutor, App. 53 (“[T]he undersigned notes his experience as an Assistant District Attorney in Philadelphia, and also serving as United States Attorney in this district, which has given me substantial experience in the workings of the criminal justice system, the availability of judicial warrants, the cooperation between federal and local officials, the data contained on computer-based information about criminal histories, of people arrested, likely including their immigrant status or at least data showing that they are immigrants, and whether legal immigrants, or visa overstayers.”).
The district court granted the City’s motion for a preliminary injunction in part, barring the Department from “rejecting Philadelphia’s FY 2017 application for Byrne JAG funding or withholding any FY 2017 Byrne JAG funding from Philadelphia based on Philadelphia’s certification of compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.” App. 3.
The district court ultimately based the injunction on its conclusion that the City is in “substantial compliance” with § 1373. App. 122. The court stated that under the doctrine of substantial compliance as developed in the area of contract law, “minor noncompliance with the terms of a contract may be excused.” App. 126. The court recognized that it had found no precedent “that would allow or deny this concept in a
8

similar case.” App. 127. Nonetheless, “[e]xercising its discretion, and noting the hesitancy to make firm decisions on some of the legal issues in this case, but finding that it is likely the City will prevail on one and possibly more of its contentions, the Court will apply the doctrine of substantial compliance and find that the City is in substantial compliance, as noted in the Findings of Fact.” Id.
The district court did not specify which of its factual findings supported its conclusion that Philadelphia is in substantial compliance with § 1373. And none of the factual findings addressed the five policies that the Department had identified in its letter. Rather, as discussed above, the factual findings reflected a wide-ranging evaluation of a host of immigration-related policy issues. The court concluded that disclosing the immigration status of incarcerated aliens to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) “has nothing to do with law enforcement, and will not prevent crime,” and that Philadelphia has “adopted policies designed to improve re-entry, to encourage non-criminal behavior by individuals who were previously convicted of a crime, whether citizens or aliens, and to preserve public health.” App. 48. The district court also concluded that “[t]he City’s policy of respecting judicial warrants serves a valid purpose and will enable ICE to fully perform its immigration and law enforcement functions.” App. 49. The court stated its belief that ICE has “access to national databases” that provide it with enough information to make it unnecessary “for the City to designate individuals who are subject to a specific release date,” id., and that “[o]btaining a judicial warrant is not a burdensome procedure,” App. 52.
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Although the balance of the district court’s opinion discussed several of Philadelphia’s claims in some detail, the court did not rely on any of them as the basis for its injunction. The court declined to rule on whether the Department had the statutory authority to require a certification of compliance with § 1373. The court stated that the Department’s argument that § 1373 qualified as an “applicable Federal law[]” under the Byrne JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(A)(5)(D), was “plausible” and that the issue was a “close call,” App. 64-65.
The district court also discussed Philadelphia’s argument that the certification condition is arbitrary and capricious, App. 68-74, stating that although many of the Department’s concerns about local cooperation with immigration enforcement efforts were “reasonable,” App. 68, “certifying compliance with Section 1373 does not have a rational connection” to remedying the Department’s concerns, App. 68-69. The court ended its discussion by saying that “this Court concludes that the Certification Condition is arbitrary and capricious under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A).” App. at 74. As noted, however, the court’s injunction ultimately did not rely on this ground, and it did not preclude the government from requiring Philadelphia to certify compliance with § 1373. Instead, the court premised its holding on its conclusion that the City was in substantial compliance with that provision.
The district court also considered Philadelphia’s claims that the certification condition exceeds the federal government’s authority under the Spending Clause and violates the Tenth Amendment. The court stated that it was a “close question”
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whether the condition was sufficiently related to the federal interest in the Byrne JAG program to survive Spending Clause scrutiny, and declined to make a ruling on that issue. App. 107-08. Similarly, the court observed that it “need not make a ruling on the merits” of Philadelphia’s argument that the condition was so ambiguous as to be impermissible under the Spending Clause, but “conclude[d] the City is likely to prevail on its argument that the Attorney General’s decision to condition receipt of JAG funds on certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 may be inconsistent with the requirement that all conditions on funds be unambiguously imposed by Congress.” App. 113. The court likewise “conclude[d],” but “[w]ithout specifically so holding,” “that Philadelphia is likely to succeed on the merits of its Tenth Amendment challenge.” App. 120.
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT 1. It is axiomatic that under the Administrative Procedure Act courts review only final agency action, and that they conduct that review on the basis of the administrative record that formed the basis of the agency’s decision. See 5 U.S.C. § 704; Christ the King Manor, Inc. v. Secretary U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 730 F.3d 291, 305 (3d Cir. 2013). The district court’s injunction disregards both of these fundamental premises. The Department of Justice has taken no action on Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application. Before the Department could “finally disapprove” Philadelphia’s application for funds on any basis, including failure to comply with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, it would be statutorily required to provide the City with
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notice and an opportunity to correct deficiencies in the application. 34 U.S.C. § 10154. If the administrative process resulted in disapproval of Philadelphia’s application, Philadelphia would then be able to appeal that final agency action. The City cannot bring suit in advance of any final agency action, short-circuiting the procedures provided by the governing statute.
By permitting the City to bypass these procedures and sue prior to final agency action, the district court displaced the agency’s role in compiling the record that would form the basis for judicial review (assuming a determination adverse to the City), and disregarded its own obligation to conduct that review in the context of a concrete agency determination.
2. Even assuming that the district court properly allowed the City to challenge the § 1373 condition prior to the Department’s review and determination, it had no basis for concluding that Philadelphia is in “substantial compliance” with the statute’s requirements. The Department identified five City policies that raised concerns regarding compliance with § 1373. The district court’s factual findings have no bearing on whether Philadelphia’s interpretation and implementation of those policies in fact constitutes compliance, or even substantial compliance, with the statute.
The district court’s substantial compliance ruling does not reflect a conclusion that the City is attempting to comply with § 1373 and has failed to do so only in minor respects. The court instead determined the extent to which, in its own view, compliance with § 1373 constituted good public policy, and it concluded that the
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City’s noncompliance was excused based on those policy grounds. The court had no such authority.
STANDARD OF REVIEW In assessing the grant of a preliminary injunction, this Court reviews legal conclusions de novo, findings of fact for clear error, and the decision to grant a preliminary injunction for abuse of discretion. Bimbo Bakeries USA, Inc. v. Botticella, 613 F.3d 102, 109 (3d Cir. 2010).
ARGUMENT I. The District Court Erred in Evaluating Philadelphia’s Compliance
with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 in Advance of Any Final Agency Action and Without the Benefit of the Record That Would Form the Basis for That Action A. Under the APA, courts may only review “final agency action.” 5 U.S.C. § 704; see American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today v. U.S. Dep’t of Hous. & Urban Dev., 170 F.3d 381, 389 (3d Cir. 1999). Final agency action has two components. First, it “must mark the ‘consummation’ of the agency’s decisionmaking process—it must not be of a merely tentative or interlocutory nature.” Minard Run Oil Co. v. U.S. Forest Serv., 670 F.3d 236, 247 (3d Cir. 2011) (quoting TSG Inc. v. U.S. EPA, 538 F.3d 264, 267 (3d Cir. 2008)). Second, the challenged “action must be one by which ‘rights or obligations have been determined,’ or from which ‘legal consequences will flow.’” Id. The finality requirement ensures that judicial review will not “disrupt the administrative process.” Bell v. New Jersey, 461 U.S. 773, 779 (1983).
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The Supreme Court and this Court have repeatedly recognized the importance of the finality requirement as a gateway to judicial review of agency action. In FTC v. Standard Oil Co., 449 U.S. 232 (1980), the Supreme Court held that issuance of a complaint initiating enforcement proceedings before an agency is not a final agency action, observing that any other conclusion risked “interference with the proper functioning of the agency” and “piecemeal review which at the least is inefficient and upon completion of the agency process might prove to have been unnecessary.” Id. at 242. Similarly, this Court has stated that preliminary agency decisions that initiate “a process that may or may not lead to an ultimate enforcement action” do not constitute final agency action. University of Med. & Dentistry of N.J. v. Corrigan, 347 F.3d 57, 69 (3d Cir. 2003). Thus, as particularly relevant here, this Court in Hindes v. FDIC, 137 F.3d 148 (3d Cir. 1998), recognized that a notice of noncompliance was not final agency action, as it merely initiated “a multi-step statutory procedure which must be followed” before agency action could occur. Id. at 162.
When a court undertakes review of the final agency action, it conducts that review on the basis of “‘the administrative record [that was] already in existence’ before the agency, not ‘some new record made initially in the reviewing court,’” Christ the King Manor, Inc. v. Secretary U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 730 F.3d 291, 305 (3d Cir. 2013) (quoting Rite Aid of Pa., Inc. v. Houstoun, 171 F.3d 842, 851 (3d Cir. 1999)). The basic “task of the reviewing court is to apply the appropriate APA standard of review to the agency decision based on the record the agency presents to
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the reviewing court.” Horizons Int’l, Inc. v. Baldridge, 811 F.2d 154, 162 (3d Cir. 1987) (quoting Florida Power & Light Co. v. Lorion, 470 U.S. 729, 743-44 (1985) (citation omitted)).
B. The court’s injunction here not only disregarded the finality requirement but affirmatively precluded “the ‘consummation’ of the agency’s decisionmaking process.” Minard Run, 670 F.3d at 247. Each applicant for Byrne JAG funds is required to certify compliance with the provisions of the Byrne JAG statute and “all other applicable Federal laws.” 34 U.S.C. § 10153(A)(5)(D). Before the Attorney General can “finally disapprove” any application for Byrne JAG funds, he must “afford[] the applicant reasonable notice of any deficiencies in the application and opportunity for correction and reconsideration.” 34 U.S.C. § 10154. Thus, before disapproving an application on the basis of an insufficient or inaccurate certification of compliance with any statute—including 8 U.S.C. § 1373—the Attorney General must provide an administrative process that permits the applicant to resolve concerns with the certification. Until the Attorney General awards a grant, or until the Attorney General “finally disapproves” an application after completion of the administrative process (including any administrative appeals), no final agency action has occurred.
The district court issued its injunction before the Department had even initiated an administrative process that would be a predicate to the possible disapproval of Philadelphia’s FY 2017 application. See 34 U.S.C. § 10154. Rather
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than await the outcome of that process, the district court undertook a wholly separate inquiry, compiling its own evidentiary record through the preliminary injunction process and combining that record with newspaper articles and its own “personal experience” as a prosecutor, App. 53, to preemptively conclude that Philadelphia was in “substantial compliance” with § 1373 and thus satisfied the FY 2017 Byrne JAG certification requirement. This procedure disregards the admonition that in reviewing agency action “the focal point for judicial review should be the administrative record already in existence, not some new record made initially in the reviewing court.” Camp v. Pitts, 411 U.S. 138, 142 (1973) (per curiam).
At no point did the district court reconcile its substantial compliance holding with the fact that no final agency action had been taken on Philadelphia’s compliance with § 1373 or on Philadelphia’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application. The court’s only discussion of final agency action concluded that imposition of the certification requirement on FY 2017 Byrne JAG applicants was final agency action. App. 55-57. Whether or not that conclusion is correct, it is ultimately irrelevant to the injunction the district court issued. The court did not hold that the Department lacked the authority to impose a requirement that Philadelphia certify compliance with § 1373. Rather, the court concluded that Philadelphia fulfilled the requirement and could not
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have its application disapproved because of noncompliance. On these questions, there has been no final agency action.5
The district court thus contravened the limitation of APA review to consideration of final agency action, and departed from the fundamental principle that judicial review should take place on the basis of the record compiled in the administrative proceeding. In the event that Philadelphia’s grant application is ultimately disapproved, Philadelphia can challenge that determination based on the administrative record, and a court can determine whether the Department’s ultimate reasons for disapproving the application withstand judicial scrutiny. There is no authority for resolving a hypothetical denial in advance of final agency action and compilation of a record that can furnish the basis for judicial review. II. The District Court Did Not Explain How Philadelphia Is in
“Substantial Compliance” and That Doctrine Does Not Excuse a Party’s Deliberate Failure to Comply with a Statutory Mandate The district court acknowledged that in administrative proceedings related to the City’s FY 2016 grant, the Department had identified five different Philadelphia policies that raised concerns regarding the City’s compliance with § 1373. App. 21-23. For example, as the district court noted, the Department had raised concerns regarding whether Philadelphia violates § 1373 by maintaining a policy of requiring a judicial warrant before providing information about the release date of aliens who
5 The Department’s administrative process is on hold due to the district court’s injunction.
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might be subject to detention by federal immigration officials. Without analyzing the relationship between any of these policies and § 1373, the district court concluded that Philadelphia “substantially complies” with the statute. This conclusion not only fundamentally misunderstands the doctrine of substantial compliance, but also rests on factual findings that bear no relationship to any understanding of that doctrine.
The district court cited cases discussing notions of substantial compliance from disputes involving state contract law, insurance law, consent decrees, tax law, and wiretap law, see App. 122-27, but acknowledged that it knew of no precedent for applying it in a case like this one, App. 127. And the court’s application of principles of substantial compliance here bears no resemblance to the way such principles are applied in other settings. The district court acknowledged that substantial compliance is only appropriately invoked “where one party to a contract has complied with the substantive requirements imposed on it but has made mistakes or omissions with respect to the procedural aspects of the agreement,” and that the doctrine permits a court to “excuse[] these minor errors.” App. 126. But the district court failed to explain how, for example, Philadelphia’s written policies categorically restricting information shared with federal immigration authorities could plausibly be described as reflecting “mistakes or omissions with respect to . . . procedural” requirements rather than deliberate decisions to disobey the core requirements of a statute.
The cases cited by the district court underscore the incompatibility of its reasoning with other applications of principles of substantial compliance. In Shands v.
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Tull, 602 F.2d 1156 (3d Cir. 1979), for example, this Court invoked the doctrine to hold that a state was in substantial compliance with a requirement that administrative appeals be adjudicated within ninety days when the state “met the ninety-day limit in 96% of the . . . appeals,” and the delays affecting the plaintiffs were “no more than four to twenty-one days” past the mandated period. Id. at 1160-61; see also Fortin v. Commissioner of Mass. Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 692 F.2d 790, 793-96 (1st Cir. 1982) (examining similar programs and determining that the state was not substantially compliant with mandated hearing timelines). Other cases cited by the district court likewise apply the doctrine of substantial compliance to excuse failure of good-faith efforts to achieve perfect compliance with a goal, not to excuse deliberate decisions not to comply with a statutory requirement. See, e.g., Jeff D. v. Otter, 643 F.3d 278, 284 (9th Cir. 2011) (“[S]ubstantial compliance ‘does imply something less than a strict and literal compliance with the contract provisions but fundamentally it means that the deviation is unintentional and so minor or trivial as not “substantially to defeat the object which the parties intend to accomplish.”’” (quoting Wells Benz, Inc. v. United States, 333 F.2d 89, 92 (9th Cir. 1964))); Phoenix Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Adams, 30 F.3d 554, 564-65 (4th Cir. 1994) (substantial compliance applies to clear efforts to change beneficiary of an insurance policy).
Indeed, as the district court itself recognized, App. 126, substantial compliance is inapplicable to a party’s failure to fulfill substantive statutory requirements. See Baccei v. United States, 632 F.3d 1140, 1145 (9th Cir. 2011) (“Full compliance is
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necessary when the requirement relates to the substance of the statute.” (quoting Sawyer v. Sonoma County, 719 F.2d 1001, 1008 (9th Cir. 1983))); State Coll. Manor, Ltd. v. Commonwealth Dep’t of Pub. Welfare, 498 A.2d 996, 999 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 1985) (“[T]he doctrine of substantial compliance will not excuse . . . failures of omission, important or otherwise, with regard to the requirements of a substantive regulation having the force and effect of law.”). The district court never explained how § 1373, which forbids actions that “in any way restrict” the sharing of information regarding immigration status and serves the essential purpose of ensuring the free flow of information necessary to federal enforcement of the immigration laws, could be described as anything other than a substantive requirement for which substantial compliance is insufficient.
Even if the doctrine could appropriately be applied in this instance, the district court’s factual findings did not provide the necessary foundation for concluding that Philadelphia substantially complies with § 1373. The district court did not address whether Philadelphia’s policies violate § 1373. Instead, the court engaged in a standardless weighing of the benefits and burdens of complying with the statute. For example, it expressed its view that “[t]he City’s policy of respecting judicial warrants serves a valid purpose and will enable ICE to fully perform its immigration and law enforcement functions,” App. 49, and that “[o]btaining a judicial warrant is not a burdensome procedure,” App. 52. Even setting aside the fact that the Court’s policy determinations are at odds with those of Congress, see, e.g., 8 U.S.C. 1226(a)
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(authorizing detention of aliens based on the issuance of an administrative warrant); City of El Cenizo v. Texas, __ F. 3d __, 2018 WL 1282035, at *12-15 (5th Cir. Mar. 13, 2018) (holding that detention on the basis of an administrative warrant does not per se violate the Fourth Amendment), and assuming for argument’s sake that these statements were correct, they would say nothing about whether the City’s policy was consistent with § 1373.
Other “findings” by the district court are likewise inappropriate policy determinations and are irrelevant to the question of whether the policies identified by the Department are consistent with § 1373. The district court stated, for example, that the term “Sanctuary Cities” is “a misnomer,” App. 47; that Philadelphia “has a comprehensive criminal justice system,” id.; that ICE has access through law enforcement databases to “important facts such as medications, continuing of medication for certain diseases, etc.,” App. 48; that “ICE really has no need for the City to designate individuals who are subject to a specific release date,” App. 49; that “[t]here is no evidence in the record whatsoever that non-citizens in Philadelphia commit any more crimes than the citizens,” App. 50; that “federal immigration authorities have, for decades, concentrated virtually exclusively on the removal of aliens who have committed crimes,” id.; and that “the decision of the City not to make disclosure of an immigrant’s status on any publicly available reports is a sound one,” App. 52.
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In declaring that Philadelphia “substantially complied” with § 1373, the district court did not find that the City’s policies were, in fact, consistent with § 1373 or that the City departed from the statute only in minor or technical respects. The court concluded, instead, that the City was complying to the extent the court deemed necessary to advance its view of the public interest without imposing burdens on the City. That reasoning fundamentally misunderstands the relevant inquiry, and is relevant at most to whether § 1373 is good policy. Congress has already made that determination by enacting the provision.
In sum, the record provides no support for the conclusion that the City’s policies are consistent with § 1373 or that the City is in substantial compliance with the statute. III. No Other Justification Supports the Injunction
The district court’s opinion addressed a variety of other issues, but the court premised its injunction solely on the conclusion that the City was in substantial compliance with § 1373. The district court expressed its “hesitancy to make firm decisions on some of the legal issues in this case,” App. 127, and while it stated that it viewed Philadelphia as likely to prevail “on one and possibly more of its contentions,” id., it did not specify which contentions it was referring to. The court reiterated its unwillingness to make rulings on specific legal issues at several points, noting, for example, that it “need not make a ruling on the merits of the City’s ‘ambiguity’ challenge,” but nonetheless “conclude[d] the City is likely to prevail on its argument
22

that the Attorney General’s decision to condition receipt of JAG funds on certifying compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373 may be inconsistent with the requirement that all conditions on funds be unambiguously imposed by Congress.” App. 113. The court also indicated that “without specifically so holding,” it “conclude[d]” that the City would likely succeed on its Tenth Amendment challenge to the certification condition, stressing that it “need not analyze the City’s Tenth Amendment claim in detail, as the Court will not rely on it in considering whether to grant a preliminary injunction.” App. 120.
This Court need not address any of the issues discussed by the district court’s lengthy opinion that did not form the basis for the injunction. It is incumbent on the district court to state clearly the reasons for granting the extraordinary relief of a preliminary injunction. Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a)(2), 65(d)(1)(A). But in any event, the claims discussed by the district court are meritless.
The district court first suggested that the certification condition “is arbitrary and capricious under 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A).” App. 74. The court did not explain how this suggestion can be reconciled with the Byrne JAG statute or principles of APA review. Congress specified that Byrne JAG recipients must certify their compliance with “applicable Federal laws” as a component of the grant application. 34 U.S.C. § 10153(A)(5)(D). Thus, the relevant inquiry would be whether § 1373 is an “applicable Federal law[]” for purposes of the Byrne JAG statute—an issue the district court pointedly declined to decide. App. 64-65; see City of Chicago v. Sessions,
23

264 F. Supp. 3d 933, 943-46 (N.D. Ill. 2017) (holding that plaintiff could not demonstrate likelihood of success on the merits of its challenge to the certification condition because “the Attorney General’s position is more consistent with the plain language of the statute”).
In any case, there is no basis for concluding that the Attorney General’s determination is foreclosed by the statute or simply unreasonable. Nothing in the Byrne JAG statute or common sense suggests that the federal government is obliged to provide law enforcement funding to municipalities that refuse to obey federal law—i.e., to provide even the very basic level of cooperation contemplated by § 1373, allowing criminals subject to removal to return to the general population and frustrating the federal government’s ability to enforce the immigration laws against criminal aliens.
The district court’s analysis of this issue parallels its discussion of Philadelphia’s “substantial compliance.” The court simply substituted its policy judgment for that of Congress and the Attorney General, declaring that “Section 1373 is far too broad” to achieve the objective of “reducing or eliminating the flow of Byrne funds to jurisdictions that do not share information about illegal aliens who commit crimes,” because “Section 1373 is not limited to illegal aliens who commit crimes.” App. 69. That the district court believed that the federal government’s law enforcement interests should be limited to aliens convicted of crimes provides no basis for questioning the breadth of the statute enacted by Congress or inclusion of the statute
24

as an applicable federal law as a condition for a law enforcement grant, particularly where all of the policies at issue involve Philadelphia’s sharing of information about aliens in criminal custody. The district court similarly demonstrated a fundamental misunderstanding of the question before it when it declared that the Department failed to show “a link between localities maintaining as confidential the immigration status of non-criminal aliens or citizens and increases in crime and violence,” App. 70, and that the Department “entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem by failing to recognize how Section 1373 interferes with local policies that promote public health and safety,” App. 74. No such showing is relevant to the requirement that a municipality comply with a federal statute concerning the enforcement of the immigration laws as a condition of receiving law enforcement grants.
The district court was equally wide of the mark in suggesting that the certification condition violated constitutional limitations on the scope of grant conditions. Conditions on receipt of federal funds must be unambiguously imposed to ensure that recipients “exercise their choice knowingly, cognizant of the consequences of their participation.” South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 207 (1987) (quoting Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1, 17 (1981)). The solicitation documents for the FY 2017 Byrne JAG program clearly identified § 1373 as an applicable law—as did Philadelphia’s FY 2016 grant, without challenge by the City. Against this backdrop, Philadelphia can hardly claim that it is “unaware” or
25

“unable to ascertain” whether it is required to comply with § 1373 to receive its Byrne JAG funds. Pennhurst, 451 U.S. at 17. Nor do the grant conditions implicate the Tenth Amendment. The Supreme Court has made clear that “a perceived Tenth Amendment limitation on congressional regulation of state affairs d[oes] not concomitantly limit the range of conditions legitimately placed on federal grants.” Dole, 483 U.S. at 210. It is unquestionably permissible to impose an informationsharing obligation as a grant condition, and the condition here raises no constitutional concerns. See id. at 207-08, 210-11 (holding that a condition withholding five percent of federal highway funds from states that did not establish a minimum drinking age of twenty-one did not violate the Tenth Amendment or exceed Congress’s Spending Clause authority).
26

CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court should be reversed.
Respectfully submitted, CHAD A. READLER
Acting Assistant Attorney General LOUIS D. LAPPEN
United States Attorney
MARK B. STERN DANIEL TENNY s/ Brad Hinshelwood BRAD HINSHELWOOD
Attorneys, Appellate Staff Civil Division, Room 7256 U.S. Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20530 (202) 514-7823 Bradley.A.Hinshelwood@usdoj.gov
March 2018
27

COMBINED CERTIFICATIONS 1. Government counsel are not required to be members of the bar of this Court. 2. This brief complies with the type-volume limit of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32(a)(7)(B) because it contains 6,429 words. This brief also complies with the typeface and type-style requirements of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32(a)(5)-(6) because it was prepared using Microsoft Word 2013 in Garamond 14point font, a proportionally spaced typeface. 3. On March 26, 2018, I electronically filed the foregoing brief and appendix (two volumes) with the Clerk of the Court for the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit by using the appellate CM/ECF system. Participants in the case are registered CM/ECF users and service will be accomplished by the appellate CM/ECF system. 4. The text of the electronic version of these documents is identical to the text of the hard copies that will be provided. 5. These documents were scanned for viruses using Symantec Endpoint Protection, and no virus was detected.
s/ Brad Hinshelwood Brad Hinshelwood

ADDENDUM

TABLE OF CONTENTS 8 U.S.C. § 1373........................................................................................................................A1

8 U.S.C. § 1373 (a) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual. (b) Additional authority of government entities Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, no person or agency may prohibit, or in any way restrict, a Federal, State, or local government entity from doing any of the following with respect to information regarding the immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual:
1) Sending such information to, or requesting or receiving such information from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service. (2) Maintaining such information. (3) Exchanging such information with any other Federal, State, or local government entity. (c) Obligation to respond to inquiries The Immigration and Naturalization Service shall respond to an inquiry by a Federal, State, or local government agency, seeking to verify or ascertain the citizenship or immigration status of any individual within the jurisdiction of the agency for any purpose authorized by law, by providing the requested verification or status information.
A1

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 155 Filed 04/13/18 Page 1 of 2

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff, v.
JEFF SESSIONS, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT Defendant hereby moves, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56, for summary judgment on all of Plaintiff’s claims. The grounds for summary judgment are set forth in the accompanying memorandum of law and statement of undisputed facts, both of which are attached hereto. Defendant also supports this summary judgment motion with the Declaration of Brad P. Rosenberg (including the exhibits attached thereto), which is being filed concurrently with this motion as a separate docket entry. Defendant requests oral argument on this motion.

DATED: April 13, 2018

Respectfully submitted,
CHAD A. READLER Acting Assistant Attorney General
WILLIAM M. MCSWAIN United States Attorney
JOHN R. TYLER Assistant Director
/s/ Brad P. Rosenberg BRAD P. ROSENBERG RACHAEL L. WESTMORELAND ARJUN GARG Attorneys U.S. Department of Justice

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 155 Filed 04/13/18 Page 2 of 2
Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch 20 Massachusetts Ave, NW Washington, DC 20530
Phone: (202) 514-3374 Fax: (202) 616-8460 E-Mail: brad.rosenberg@usdoj.gov
rachael.westmoreland@usdoj.gov arjun.garg@usdoj.gov
Counsel for Defendant

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 157 Filed 04/13/18 Page 1 of 4
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY of PHILADELPHIA,
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

CITY OF PHILADELPHIA’S MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 157 Filed 04/13/18 Page 2 of 4

Pursuant to Rule 56(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Plaintiff City of Philadelphia (the “City” or “Philadelphia”) hereby moves this Court for an Order granting partial summary judgment in favor of Philadelphia on Counts I, II, and III of the City’s Amended Complaint for Declaratory, Injunctive, and Mandamus Relief, holding that the Challenged Conditions that the Attorney General of the United States has imposed on the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant are ultra vires and violate the separation of powers, and that the Attorney General’s decision to impose the conditions was arbitrary and capricious. The City further moves this Court for an Order permanently enjoining the Attorney General from attaching the Challenged Conditions to the City’s FY 2017 award.
This Motion is based upon the accompanying Memorandum of Law in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment and the Statement of Undisputed Material Facts contained therein; the pleadings and records on file in this action; any matters of which the Court may take judicial notice; and any further argument as may be presented on this Motion.

DATED: April 13, 2018

Respectfully submitted,

MARCEL S. PRATT, I.D. NO. 307483 Acting City Solicitor LEWIS ROSMAN, I.D. NO. 72033 Senior Attorney CITY OF PHILADELPHIA LAW DEPARTMENT 1515 Arch Street, 17th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19102
ROBERT C. HEIM, I.D. NO. 15758 JUDY L. LEONE, I.D. NO. 041165 FRIEDRICH-WILHELM W. SACHSE, I.D. NO. 84097 DECHERT LLP

/s/ Virginia A. Gibson VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 SARA ARONCHICK SOLOW, I.D. NO. 311081 JASMEET K. AHUJA, I.D. NO. 322093 ALEXANDER B. BOWERMAN, I.D. NO. 321990 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com
NEAL K. KATYAL (pro hac vice) KIRTI DATLA (pro hac vice)*

1

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 157 Filed 04/13/18 Page 3 of 4

Cira Centre 2929 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 994-4000

REEDY C. SWANSON (pro hac vice) HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20004
*Admitted only in Texas; supervised by firm members

Attorneys for the City of Philadelphia

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 157 Filed 04/13/18 Page 4 of 4

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on April 13, 2018 the foregoing Motion and its supporting documents were filed electronically with the Clerk of Court using the CM/ECF system, which will send notification of the filing to all counsel of record.

April 13, 2018

/s/ Virginia A. Gibson VIRGINIA A. GIBSON, I.D. NO. 32520 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (267) 675-4600 virginia.gibson@hoganlovells.com

 
 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 222 Filed 06/05/18 Page 1 of 18

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA
Plaintiff,
v.
JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, Attorney General of the United States, in his official capacity,
Defendant.

Civ. Action No. 17-3894 Hon. Michael M. Baylson

AMICI CURIAE BRIEF OF IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA
HARRY SANDICK (pro hac vice) JAMISON DAVIES (pro hac vice) MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ (pro hac vice) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP 1133 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 IRA N. RICHARDS (PA Bar No. 50879) Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP 1600 Market St., Suite 3600 Philadelphia, PA 19103
10419128v.1

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 222 Filed 06/05/18 Page 2 of 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .......................................................................................................... ii PRELIMINARY STATEMENT .....................................................................................................1 ARGUMENT ...................................................................................................................................1 I. SECTION 1226(C) IS IRRELEVANT TO THIS LITIGATION........................................1 II. SECTION 1226(C) EXCEEDS THE EXPERTISE AND CAPACITY OF
STATES AND LOCALITIES .............................................................................................5 III. THERE IS NO SINGLE DEFINITION OF “CRIMINAL ALIEN” ...................................6 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................8 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................. A-1
i
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page(s)
Cases Demore v. Kim,
538 U.S. 510 (2003)...................................................................................................................3 Galarza v. Szalczyk,
745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014).......................................................................................................5
Statutes 8 U.S.C. § 1103(f)............................................................................................................................4 8 U.S.C. § 1226...................................................................................................................... passim 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g) ...........................................................................................................................4 8 U.S.C. § 1373............................................................................................................................2, 4 Public Law 104-208 .........................................................................................................................3
Other Authorities Exec. Order 13,768, Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States,
82 Fed. Reg. 8799 (Jan. 25, 2017) .............................................................................................7 Angelica Chazaro, Challenging the ‘Criminal Alien’ Paradigm, 63 UCLA L. Rev.
594 (2016) ..................................................................................................................................6 Julie Dona, Making Sense of ‘Substantially Unlikely’: An Empirical Analysis of
the Joseph Standard in Mandatory Detention Custody Hearings, 26 Georgetown Immigration L. J. 65 (2011) ..................................................................................3 Ingrid V. Eagly, Criminal Justice for Noncitizens: An Analysis of Variation in Local Enforcement, 88 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1126 (2013).................................................................7 Geoffrey Heeren, Pulling Teeth: The State of Mandatory Immigration Detention, 45 Harv. Civil Rights-Civil Liberties L. Rev. 601 (2010) .....................................................2, 3 Anil Kalhan, Rethinking Immigration Detention, 110 Colum. L. Rev. Sidebar 42 (2010) .........................................................................................................................................2 William A. Kandel, Interior Immigration Enforcement: Criminal Alien Programs, Congressional Research Service, at 2 (2016), available at https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R44627.pdf ..............................................................................6
ii
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 222 Filed 06/05/18 Page 4 of 18 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES (continued) Page(s)
Annie Lai and Christopher N. Lasch, Crimmigration Resistance and the Case of Sanctuary City Defunding, 57 Santa Clara L. Rev. 539 (2017).................................................8
Peter H. Schuck and John Williams, Removing Criminal Aliens: The Pitfalls and Promises of Federalism, 22 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol’y 367 (1999).............................................3
Juliet P. Stumpf, The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime, and Sovereign Power, 56 Am. U. L. Rev. 367 (2006).......................................................................................2
Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, Definition of Terms, available at https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/datastandards-and-definitions/definition-terms ................................................................................7
Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse, Tracking Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detainers, available at http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/detainhistory/ ............................................................8
iii
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PRELIMINARY STATEMENT This case concerns the limits on the federal executive branch’s authority to commandeer state and local jurisdictions into carrying out federal immigration statutes and regulations. Amici, who are listed in Appendix A, are scholars of immigration law. They have an interest in the proper construction and interpretation of immigration statutes and regulations, including those at issue in this litigation. While the parties focus in their post-hearing submissions on broader issues of federal spending power and city funding, amici offer this brief to provide additional information to the Court regarding the text and legislative history of the federal mandatory detention statute, and to raise concerns about the use of the term “criminal alien.” As set forth below and in the City’s Post-Trial Brief (Dkt. 212), Section 1226(c)(1) of Title 8 of the U.S. Code bears no textual or historical relationship to state and local jurisdictions. Congress crafted section 1226(c)(1) to give direction to the federal government—and only the federal government—as to certain classes of noncitizens that may be mandatorily detained. Section 1226(c)(1) is broadly written, and includes noncitizens without a criminal conviction. The use of “criminal alien” in this litigation is problematic because the term does not have a legal definition, and it has been inconsistently applied in the public discourse and by the federal government broadly enough to include those with no criminal history.
ARGUMENT I. Section 1226(c) Is Irrelevant To This Litigation
Section 1226(c)(1) authorizes the Attorney General to take into federal immigration custody noncitizens who are covered by various sections of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). By its plain language, the mandatory detention statute applies only to the Attorney General and includes no text about states or localities. Section 1226(c)’s instruction that
1
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individuals may be detained only “when . . . released”—including on parole, supervised release or probation—is directed only to the Attorney General; there is no mention of states or localities. For this reason alone, section 1226(c)(1) has no relevance to this case. By contrast, other sections of the INA do include language about states and localities. For example, Section 1373 of Title 8 includes language about information sharing between states and localities and the federal government. Section 1373 explicitly includes state and localities and directs generally that no person or entity may prohibit a government entity from sending to or receiving from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) information about an individual’s immigration or citizenship status. Section 1373 imposes no affirmative obligation on states and localities. In 1996, Congress crafted both section 1226(c) and section 1373, and in so doing was intentional about the inclusion or exclusion of language pertaining to states and localities.
Immigration law scholars, including several amici, have written extensively on section 1226(c)’s mandatory detention provision. See Anil Kalhan, Rethinking Immigration Detention, 110 Colum. L. Rev. Sidebar 42 (2010); Geoffrey Heeren, Pulling Teeth: The State of Mandatory Immigration Detention, 45 Harv. Civil Rights-Civil Liberties L. Rev. 601 (2010); Juliet P. Stumpf, The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime, and Sovereign Power, 56 Am. U. L. Rev. 367 (2006). Amici also teach the mandatory detention statute in their immigration law courses and over the years have amassed deep knowledge about the legislative history, text and application of section 1226(c). While the literature and teaching experiences of amici on mandatory detention is rich, nowhere do we read or interpret section 1226(c) as imposing an obligation on states and localities to assist with carrying out the federal mandatory detention statute.
2
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Several amici have represented immigrants subject to mandatory detention under section 1226(c)(1) and are familiar with how the statute operates on the ground. As a practical matter, noncitizens who are placed into mandatory detention are given an initial custody determination by the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents responsible for their placement in detention. Custodial determinations made by ICE under section 1226(c) can be challenged in what is commonly referred to as a Joseph hearing. See e.g., Julie Dona, Making Sense of ‘Substantially Unlikely’: An Empirical Analysis of the Joseph Standard in Mandatory Detention Custody Hearings, 26 Georgetown Immigration L. J. 65 (2011); Heeren, Pulling Teeth, supra at 2. It would be impracticable for any state or locality to handle initial determinations as to whether an individual is subject to mandatory detention under 1226(c). States and localities lack the training to make an initial determination about who is subject to mandatory detention and who is not, and they are outside the administrative apparatus that governs challenges to the mandatory detention classification.
In 1996, Congress crafted the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) to address a perceived failure by the federal government to remove noncitizens who commit crimes in the United States. See e.g., Peter H. Schuck and John Williams, Removing Criminal Aliens: The Pitfalls and Promises of Federalism, 22 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol’y 367, 369 (1999); see also Demore v. Kim, 538 U.S. 510, 519 (2003).
Also in 1996, Congress required the former federal Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to cooperate with certain federal agencies. See, e.g., Public Law 104-208 Sec. 107(b), 110 Stat. 3009-557 (directing the Attorney General, Secretary of Defense and Secretary of State to cooperate with the Comptroller General of the United States in connection with a report on border strategy); id. Sec. 109(a), 110 Stat. 3009-558 (directing the Attorney General,
3
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Secretary of State, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Treasury and representatives of the air transport industry to develop plan for data collection at points of entry).
In contrast, Congress contemplated state and locality involvement in immigration enforcement explicitly in other, limited circumstances. See e.g., 8 U.S.C. §§ 1373, 1357(g), 1226(d). For example, Congress created a section that enables qualified state and local law enforcement to voluntarily enter into agreements with the Attorney General and DHS to investigate, apprehend, and detain noncitizens in the United States or otherwise choose to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement, while making it clear that no state or local entity is required to enter into such an agreement. See 8 U.S.C. § 1357(g). The statute also requires that the Attorney General and DHS allocate at least 10 full time active DHS agents to each State “to ensure the effective enforcement of this Act,” demonstrating Congress’ understanding of the federal responsibility to enforce federal immigration law and enforcement priorities. See 8 U.S.C. § 1103(f). Similarly, Congress directed the Attorney General and DHS to make resources available to states and localities for the identification of persons convicted of aggravated felonies and to train federal officers to serve as liaisons to states and localities. See 8 U.S.C. § 1226(d). That Congress chose to address the role of states and localities in section 1226(d) but remained silent about the same in section 1226(c) underscores the point that when Congress intends to address the coordination between federal and state entities, it does so explicitly and without placing any burden on the state or locality.
For these reasons, amici have never read section 1226(c)(1) to impose obligations on states and localities, and for good reason—it defies logic and is impracticable. Finally, interpreting section 1226(c)(1) to require state and localities to place noncitizens into mandatory
4
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detention would raise serious Tenth Amendment concerns. See Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634, 643 (3d Cir. 2014). II. Section 1226(c) Exceeds The Expertise And Capacity Of States And Localities
Even if section 1226(c) were relevant to this case, the statutory language is broad enough to target people who have never been convicted of crime or who even have no criminal history, and would require states and localities to make immigration decisions that transcend their expertise. Congress created one list of offenses for pre-admission conduct, known as “inadmissibility” grounds, and a separate list of offenses for post-entry conduct, known as “deportability” grounds. Both lists are referenced in the mandatory detention statute. The language of 1226(c)(1) subjects to mandatory detention any individual who:
(A) is inadmissible by reason of having committed any offense covered in section 212(a)(2),
(B) is deportable by reason of having committed any offense covered in section 237(a)(2)(A)(ii), (A)(iii), (B), (C), or (D),
(C) is deportable under section 237(a)(2)(A)(i) on the basis of an offense for which the alien has been sentence to a term of imprisonment of at least 1 year, or
(D) is inadmissible under section 212(a)(3)(B) or deportable under section 237(a)(4)(B), when the alien is released, without regard to whether the alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation, and without regard to whether the alien may be arrested or imprisoned again for the same offense.
8 U.S.C. § 1226(c)(1). To illustrate the statute’s breadth, section 1226(c)(1)(A) cross references inadmissibility grounds for those “convicted of, or who admit[] having committed, or who admit[] committing acts which constitute the essential elements of” a “crime involving moral turpitude” and violations of any law relating to controlled substances. This means a noncitizen can be placed into mandatory detention under section 1226(c)(1) even if she was never convicted of a crime. Thus, even if there were a legal basis for reading section 1226(c) as a tool for states
5
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and localities to make detention decisions, evaluating whether to detain noncitizens would exceed the expertise and capacity of local law enforcement.
III. There Is No Single Definition Of “Criminal Alien” Just as the term “sanctuary” has no fixed legal definition, the term “criminal alien” is
similarly undefined in federal law and policy. William A. Kandel, Interior Immigration Enforcement: Criminal Alien Programs, Congressional Research Service, at 2 (2016), available at https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R44627.pdf (“[T]he term ‘criminal alien’ is not specifically defined in immigration law or regulation, and people use it to refer to several different types of noncitizen offenders.”). Restricting cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities to cases involving “criminal aliens” would therefore be meaningless. Although the term appears in the headings of 8 U.S.C. §§ 1226(c) and (d), it is not defined in that statute or any other. In fact, the uses of “criminal alien” in those sections highlight its uneven application. Section 1226(c) is titled “Detention of Criminal Aliens” and encompasses a wide range of categories of individuals. By contrast, section 1226(d), titled “Identification of Criminal Aliens,” is limited to noncitizens arrested for or convicted of “aggravated felonies” or others subject to “pending criminal prosecution.”
Since the enactment of 8 U.S.C. § 1226, the term “criminal alien” has been used by federal administrations to include an ever-expanding and nebulous group of individuals with widely varying backgrounds. Enforcement programs designed to target “criminal aliens” such as Secure Communities, introduced in 2008, eventually expanded to include traffic offenses and “significant misdemeanors,” a new category of crimes created by the Obama administration. See Angelica Chazaro, Challenging the ‘Criminal Alien’ Paradigm, 63 UCLA L. Rev. 594, 602-605 (2016). Data collected by the Office of Immigration Statistics within DHS under the heading
6
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“Criminal Alien Removals” between 2000 and 2010 included thousands of individuals whose most serious contact with the criminal justice system was a traffic offense. In fact, traffic offenses accounted for the majority of the increase in “Criminal Alien” removals in that period. Ingrid V. Eagly, Criminal Justice for Noncitizens: An Analysis of Variation in Local Enforcement, 88 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1126, 1218, n.425 (2013). No provision of section 1226(c) addresses traffic offenses, and presumably many individuals accounted for in the DHS data would not have fallen under the mandatory detention provisions. The Office of Immigration Statistic’s own website includes a “Definition of Terms” page listing the definition of over a hundred common terms, but “criminal alien” is not included. See Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, Definition of Terms, available at https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/data-standards-and-definitions/definition-terms.
The uneven use of the term has continued under the current administration. Although the term “criminal alien” is used several times in President Trump’s January 25, 2017 Executive Order on immigration enforcement, it is not defined within that Order nor is any citation provided to an existing definition. Exec. Order 13,768, Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, 82 Fed. Reg. 8799 (Jan. 25, 2017) (the “Order”). The Order does not reference any provision of section 1226. To further complicate matters, the Order instructs the Secretary of Homeland Security to prioritize for removal individuals who fall under a long list of subsections of the federal removal statutes, persons who have been convicted of any criminal offense, as well as those who “[h]ave committed acts that constitute a chargeable criminal offense,” which would appear to include persons who have not had any contact with the criminal legal system whatsoever. Both within the Order and more broadly, the inconsistent use of the term by the current administration must also be read in the context of racially motivated statements equating
7
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immigration, particularly from Mexico and Central America, with criminality. See Annie Lai and Christopher N. Lasch, Crimmigration Resistance and the Case of Sanctuary City Defunding, 57 Santa Clara L. Rev. 539, 549 (2017) (discussing the racially coded language used by the administration to imply that immigrants are inherently prone to criminal acts).
Finally, in practice, there is no demonstrated correlation between any definition of “criminal alien” and the issuance of immigration detainers or notification requests. More than forty percent of the immigration detainers issued to local law enforcement agencies between 2002 and 2015 were directed to individuals with no criminal convictions. See Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse, Tracking Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detainers, available at http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/detainhistory/.1 As observed by the Court in its May 3, 2018 letter to the parties, the ICE detainer form (I-247A) does not specify any particular removal ground or require ICE officers to provide any evidence of criminal convictions. See Dkt. 192. The lack of any consistent definition of “criminal alien,” in the federal immigration law or otherwise, makes the term meaningless for any purpose related to this litigation.
CONCLUSION This brief provides a short description of the text and history of section 1226(c) in order to distinguish it from the roles and responsibilities of states and localities. Congress has never commanded or directed states and localities to help enforce the mandatory detention statute. Further, the term “criminal alien” lacks a legal definition or even application in the statute or the
1 Data from this website, which track detainers through Freedom of Information Act requests, shows that of the 1,888,490 detainers obtained by TRAC from 2002 – 2015, 839,908 were issued to individuals with no criminal conviction.
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public discourse. For these reasons, the Court should deem both section 1226(c) and the term “criminal alien” unrelated to the issues raised in this case.
Dated: June 5, 2018
Respectfully submitted, __s/Ira Neil Richards_____________________ IRA N. RICHARDS (PA Bar No. 50879) Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP 1600 Market St., Suite 3600 Philadelphia, PA 19103 irichards@schnader.com HARRY SANDICK (pro hac vice) JAMISON DAVIES (pro hac vice) MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ (pro hac vice) Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler LLP 1133 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036
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APPENDIX A*
Carolina Antonini Adjunct Professor of Law Georgia State University College of Law
David Baluarte Associate Clinical Professor of Law Washington and Lee University School of Law
Caitlin Barry Assistant Professor of Law Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law
Kristina M. Campbell Jack and Lovell Olender Professor of Law UDC David A. Clarke School of Law
Angelica Chazaro Assistant Professor University of Washington School of Law
Michael J. Churgin Raybourne Thompson Centennial Professor of Law University of Texas at Austin
Erin B. Corcoran Executive Director, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies Keough School of Global Affairs University of Notre Dame
Denise Gilman Clinical Professor University of Texas School of Law
Geoffrey Hoffman Clinical Associate Professor University of Houston Law Center
Anil Kalhan Associate Professor of Law Drexel University Thomas R. Kline School of Law
* Amici curiae appear in their individual capacities; institutional affiliations are provided here for identification purposes only.
A-1
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 222 Filed 06/05/18 Page 15 of 18
Ira Kurzban Adjunct Professor of Law University of Miami School of Law
Elizabeth Keyes Associate Professor of Law University of Baltimore School of Law
Jennifer Lee Koh Professor of Law Western State College of Law
Ira Kurzban Adjunct Professor of Law University of Miami School of Law
Annie Lai Assistant Clinical Professor of Law UC Irvine School of Law
Christopher Lasch Associate Professor of Law University of Denver Sturm College of Law
Peter Margulies Professor of Law Roger Williams University School of Law
Peter Markowitz Professor of Law Cardozo School of Law
Elizabeth McCormick Associate Clinical Professor of Law University of Tulsa College of Law
Estelle McKee Clinical Professor Cornell Law School
Maria Isabel Medina Ferris Family Distinguished Professor of Law Loyola University New Orleans College of Law
A-2
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 222 Filed 06/05/18 Page 16 of 18
Vanessa Merton Professor of Law Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University
Hiroshi Motomura Susan Westerberg Prager Professor of Law School of Law, University of California, Los Angeles
Karen Musalo Professor of Law U.C. Hastings College of Law
Jason Parkin Associate Professor of Law Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University
Michele Pistone Professor of Law Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law
Jaya Ramji-Nogales I. Herman Stern Research Professor Temple University Beasley School of Law
Victor Romero Associate Dean for Academic Affairs Maureen B. Cavanaugh Distinguished Faculty Scholar Professor of Law Penn State Law – University Park
Carrie Rosenbaum Adjunct Professor Golden Gate University School of Law
Rachel E. Rosenbloom Professor of Law Northeastern University School of Law
Ragini Shah Clinical Professor of Law Suffolk University School of Law
Enid Trucios-Haynes Professor of Law University of Louisville Louis C. Brandeis School of Law
A-3
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 222 Filed 06/05/18 Page 17 of 18 Yolanda Vazquez Associate Professor of Law University of Cincinnati College of Law Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia Samuel Weiss Faculty Scholar Clinical Professor of Law Director, Center for Immigrants’ Rights Clinic Penn State Law – University Park
A-4
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 222 Filed 06/05/18 Page 18 of 18 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I, Ira Neil Richards, hereby certify that on June 5, 2018, I electronically filed the foregoing Amici Curiae brief of Immigration Law Scholars using the CM/ECF system, which will send notification of such filing to all parties of record.
s/Ira Neil Richards Attorney for Amici Curiae
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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 223 Filed 06/05/18 Page 1 of 22

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, Plaintiff,
v. JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, in his official capacity as Attorney General of the United States,
Defendant.

Case No. 2:17-cv-03894-MMB

BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE CITY OF NEW YORK, 20 ADDITIONAL CITIES AND COUNTIES, AND THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS
IN SUPPORT OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 223 Filed 06/05/18 Page 2 of 22
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .......................................................................................................... ii STATEMENT OF INTEREST AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT.......................................... 1 ARGUMENT .................................................................................................................................. 5
POLICIES THAT PROTECT SENSITIVE INFORMATION ABOUT IMMIGRANT POPULATIONS ARE ESSENTIAL TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS’ ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY DELIVER SERVICES .................................................................................... 5
A.The fear of immigration enforcement can discourage residents from engaging with essential local government services, including police, schools, and medical care. ............ 5
B. Local policies to limit information sharing with federal immigration authorities promote trust in local governments, which is necessary to protect public safety and health............ 9
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................. 14
i

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Page(s)

Cases

Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387 (2012)...................................................................................................................8

Arlington Cent. Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Murphy, 548 U.S. 291 (2006)...................................................................................................................4

City of Chicago v. Sessions, 264 F. Supp. 3d 933, No. 1:17-cv-5720 (N.D. Ill. 2017).........................................................11

City of Chicago v. Sessions, No. 17-2991, 2018 U.S. App. LEXIS 9862 (7th Cir. Apr. 19, 2018) ..................................6, 11

County of Santa Clara v. Trump, 275 F. Supp. 3d 1196 (N.D. Cal. 2017) .....................................................................................6

Hispanic Interest Coalition v. Governor of Ala., 691 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2012) .................................................................................................9

LULAC v. Wilson, 908 F.Supp. 755 (C.D. Cal. 1995) .............................................................................................8

Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1 (1981).......................................................................................................................4

Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc., 529 U.S. 598 (2008)...................................................................................................................2

South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987)...................................................................................................................4

Statutes, Regulations, and Executive Orders

8 U.S.C. § 1373................................................................................................................................4

13 U.S.C. § 9(a) .............................................................................................................................13

26 U.S.C. § 6103............................................................................................................................13

34 U.S.C. §§ 10152(a) .....................................................................................................................4

Chicago Mun. Code § 2-173 ............................................................................................................3

Cook Cty. Bd. of Comm’rs Res. 07- R-240.....................................................................................3

ii

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Cook Cty. Ill., Mun. Code § 46-37(b)..............................................................................................3 Davis Res. 14-153 (2014) ................................................................................................................3 Davis Res. 5407 (1986)....................................................................................................................3 Denver Exec. Order 142 (2017).......................................................................................................3 Denver Rev. Mun. Code §§ 28-250 to 28-253.................................................................................3 Madison Res. 17-00125 ...................................................................................................................3 Minneapolis Code of Ordinances Ch. 19 .........................................................................................3 N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 9-131(h)(1) .................................................................................................3 N.Y.C. Charter § 8(g) ......................................................................................................................3 N.Y.C. Mayoral Exec. Order 41 (2003)...........................................................................................3 Oakland Res. No. 63950 (1986) ......................................................................................................3 Oakland Res. No. 86498 (2016) ......................................................................................................3 2017 Or. Laws Ch. 724 ....................................................................................................................3 Or. Rev. Stat. § 181A.820................................................................................................................3 Rochester Res. No. 2017-5 ..............................................................................................................3 Other Authorities Brooke A. Lewis, HPD Chief Announces Decrease in Hispanics Reporting Rape
and Violent Crimes Compared to Last Year, Houston Chron. (Apr. 6, 2017), https://bit.ly/2wvUQVV.............................................................................................................7 Cara Buckley, New York City Police Seek Trust Among Immigrants, N.Y. Times (May 31, 2007).........................................................................................................................11 Cassi Feldman, Despite Trump immigration crackdown, city tells students and families: ‘We stand with you’, Chalkbeat (Jan. 30, 2017), https://bit.ly/2rxttWz....................11 CBS New York, NYPD Memo Emphasizes Commitment to Immigrants (Feb. 22, 2017), https://cbsloc.al/2L0eD2Y ............................................................................................11 Christopher Smart, Fearful of deportation, unauthorized immigrants in Salt Lake City are not reporting crime, police chief says, The Salt Lake Trib., Jan. 9, 2018, https://bit.ly/2wDRlx1 .....................................................................................................7
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Dara Lind, Fear Itself: Donald Trump’s Real Immigration Policy, Vox (Sep. 17, 2017), https://bit.ly/2h3IcGo......................................................................................................7
Donald G. McNeil, Jr., Trump, Tell Us About Your Flu Shot, N.Y. Times, Feb. 9, 2018, https://nyti.ms/2KRM8EI.................................................................................................8
Emily Baumgaertner, Spooked by Trump Proposals, Immigrants Abandon Public Nutrition Services, N.Y. Times (Mar. 6, 2018), https://nyti.ms/2HeoMqg ...............................9
Emily Bazar, Some Immigrants, Fearful of Political Climate, Shy Away from Medi-Cal, California Healthline, Feb. 16, 2017, https://bit.ly/2KPyQbK .................................7
Estimates of unauthorized immigrant population, by metro area, 2014, Pew Research Center (Feb. 3, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/ZwBgda ........................................3
Feds: Alabama immigration law caused spike in Hispanic student absences, CNN (May 4, 2012), https://cnn.it/2IbV0U3 ......................................................................................9
Int’l Ass’n of Chiefs of Police, Enforcing Immigration Law: The Role of State, Tribal and Local Law Enforcement, available at http://bit.ly/2ksLZxb ..................................12
Jennifer Medina, Too Scared to Report Sexual Abuse. The Fear: Deportation., N.Y. Times (Apr. 30, 2017), https://nyti.ms/2pOOe0Q ............................................................7
Kari White, et al., Impact of Alabama’s Immigration Law on Access to Health Care Among Latina Immigrants and Children: Implications for National Reform, 104 Am. J. Pub. Health 397 (2014), available at https://bit.ly/2G2U3eS ...............................................................................................................9
Kathleen Roche, et al., Impacts of Immigration Actions and News and the Psychological Distress of U.S. Latino Parents Raising Adolescents, J. Adolescent Health (forthcoming 2018), available at https://bit.ly/2FAbbrT ............................5
Kelli Kennedy, Immigration Concerns Drive Legal Immigrants Away from Public Health Care, Christian Sci. Monitor (Jan. 22, 2018), https://bit.ly/2IxTi2z .............................8
Major Cities Chiefs Ass’n, Major Cities Chiefs Association Immigration Position (Oct. 2011), accessed May 4, 2018, https://bit.ly/2IoRh91 .....................................................12
Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs, State of Our Immigrant City, March 2018, available at https://on.nyc.gov/2Iu3Lw6....................................................................................2
Monica Disare, Could fear of Trump’s immigration policies keep New York City students out of school?, Chalkbeat (Mar. 1, 2017), https://bit.ly/2rxW5iu .............................10
N.Y.C. Dep’t of City Planning, The Newest New Yorkers, 2013, available at http://on.nyc.gov/2drcFH6 .........................................................................................................2
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N.Y.C. Health + Hospitals, Seek Care Without Fear, https://bit.ly/2G4otx1 (last visited May 7, 2018) ................................................................................................................11
Nicole Rodriguez, Trump’s Immigration Crackdown Creating a Public Health Crisis Among Children, Analysts Say, Newsweek, Jan. 4, 2018, https://bit.ly/2E6M93w ..............................................................................................................7
Nik Theodore, Insecure Communities: Latino Perceptions of Police Involvement in Immigration Enforcement, May 2013, available at https://bit.ly/1Adp6RD.........................6
The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, Final Report (May 2015), available at https://bit.ly/2KPn5lP ...........................................................................................12
Russell B. Toomey, et al., Impact of Arizona’s SB 1070 Immigration Law on Utilization of Health Care and Public Assistance Among Mexican-Origin Adolescent Mothers and Their Mother Figures, 104 Am. J. Pub. Health S28 (2014), available at https://bit.ly/2IbAx1w ...............................................................................8
Tom Dart, Fearing deportation, undocumented immigrants wary of reporting crimes, The Guardian, Mar. 23, 2017, https://bit.ly/2nMHVd7 ................................................7
Tom K. Wong, Center for American Progress, The Effects of Sanctuary Policies on Crime and the Economy (Jan. 26, 2017), available at http://ampr.gs/2kxOcHX ..........................................................................................................13
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STATEMENT OF INTEREST AND SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT The undersigned cities and counties—representing more than 24 million residents from across the country—and the United States Conference of Mayors submit this amici curiae brief to support the City of Philadelphia’s proposed findings of fact regarding the benefits of policies limiting the information it shares with the federal government and to show that Philadelphia’s understanding of such policies is corroborated by the experience of local governments nationwide. See Phila. Prop. Findings of Fact, Dkt. 201 at ¶¶ 54–68. Amici fully support the City of Philadelphia’s position that the Department of Justice cannot unilaterally condition receipt of Byrne JAG awards on a city’s willingness to be enlisted into serving as instruments of federal immigration enforcement efforts. This brief, however, focuses particularly on the effects and importance of information-sharing policies like Philadelphia’s because, as local governments, we have decades of experience with similar policies safeguarding sensitive information. Our experience refutes the Department of Justice’s suggestion that such policies do not impact a city’s ability to provide essential government services. See Def.’s Prop. Findings of Fact, Dkt. 200 at ¶¶ 99–107; Def.’s Post-Trial Br., Dkt. 213 at 1. Quite the contrary: amici have found that creating appropriate firewalls between local public service providers and federal immigration enforcement is critical to building the trust with our residents that is required to protect the safety and health of all. Local governments neither set immigration policy, nor determine who enters this country. Our core jobs are to effectively police our neighborhoods—whoever lives in them—to teach our children—whoever their parents might be—and to provide all the other essential public services that keep our cities and counties running. And we know that residents’ willingness to report crime and assist the police, complain about unsafe conditions, send their children to school, seek

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medical treatment, or take advantage of other public services depends on our ability to protect the confidentiality of their personal information.
Contrary to the federal government’s claims, policies that clearly separate local public services from the federal immigration enforcement system—like those adopted by the City of Philadelphia—are essential to fulfilling local governments’ fundamental role in serving their residents. Our experiences confirm that absent the trust engendered by policies protecting personal information, people simply will not seek assistance or cooperate with local governments in the provision of essential services. The basic purpose—and demonstrated effect—of such policies is thus to improve public health, safety and welfare, all police powers in “fields of traditional state regulation” that are not to be impeded lightly. Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc., 529 U.S. 598, 618 (2008).
Ensuring that all of our residents, including immigrants, can and do access government services is not a minor concern, but rather indispensable to the vitality, prosperity, and safety of our communities, because immigrants play central roles in cities large and small. For example, nearly six out of every ten New York City residents are immigrants or the children of immigrants, and immigrants contributed $195 billion to the City’s gross domestic product in 2017.1 In Chicago, immigrants pay $1.6 billion in state and local taxes (and more in federal taxes); additionally, while immigrants make up 20.7 percent of Chicago’s population, they account for 36.4 percent of its entrepreneurs, a remarkable measure of economic dynamism.2 In Chelsea, Massachusetts, 44 percent of the city’s residents were born outside the country.
1 N.Y.C. Dep’t of City Planning, The Newest New Yorkers, 2013, available at http://on.nyc.gov/2drcFH6; Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs, State of Our Immigrant City, March 2018, at 6, available at https://on.nyc.gov/2Iu3Lw6.
2 Memorandum from City of Chicago to City of New York (May 16, 2018). 2

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Our concern is not—and cannot be—limited to those who have legal status in this country. In New York City alone, roughly 560,000 residents are undocumented and approximately one million residents live in a household where at least one member is undocumented.3 The greater Oakland metropolitan area, likewise, is home to approximately 240,000 undocumented immigrants.4 The well-being of all our residents is connected. No one benefits when large portions of the population are reluctant to obtain vaccinations against preventable disease or are afraid to speak to the police because they worry that sharing their personal information might lead to deportation for themselves or their family members.
Thus, local governments have adopted policies—some going back decades—motivated by the same concerns and experiences that underlie Philadelphia’s information-sharing provisions.5 These policies are diverse in approach and scope, as befitting the diverse needs of our jurisdictions, but all are based on the need to maintain trust with communities. Many of these policies, such as New York City’s, protect not only the confidentiality of residents’ immigration status, but also other sensitive information such as sexual orientation, status as a victim of domestic violence or sexual assault, or receipt of public assistance.6 Others are specifically focused on information sharing by law enforcement. The valid and legitimate concerns
3 Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs, supra note 1 at 6. 4 Estimates of unauthorized immigrant population, by metro area, 2014, Pew Research Center (Feb. 3, 2017), available at https://goo.gl/ZwBgda. 5 See, e.g., N.Y.C. Mayoral Exec. Order 41 (2003); N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 9-131(h)(1); Cook Cty. Bd. of Comm’rs Res. 07- R-240; Cook Cty. Ill., Mun. Code § 46-37(b); Chicago Mun. Code § 2-173; Davis Res. 14-153 (2014); Davis Res. 5407 (1986); Denver Rev. Mun. Code §§ 28-250 to 28-253; Denver Exec. Order 142 (2017); Madison Res. 17-00125; Oakland Res. No. 86498 (2016); Oakland Res. No. 63950 (1986); Or. Rev. Stat. § 181A.820; 2017 Or. Laws Ch. 724 (HB 3464); Minneapolis Code of Ordinances Ch. 19; Rochester Res. No. 2017-5. 6 See e.g. N.Y.C. Charter § 8(g); N.Y.C. Mayoral Exec. Order 41 (2003).
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animating these policies are as simple as they are powerful. Our experience as local governments makes plain that we must build trust with residents if we are to govern effectively.
The Congressional scheme does not purport to allow the DOJ to interfere with that critical local governance, and the constitution does not allow it. Even if the language of 8 U.S.C. § 1373 applied to the information Philadelphia’s policy keeps confidential (it does not) and the DOJ’s attempts to apply that statute did not run afoul of the Tenth Amendment (they do), the statute still could not form a basis for imposing conditions on the receipt of Byrne JAG funding. To pass constitutional muster, the conditions the federal government imposes on funding must be clearly and unambiguously attached to germane funding. See Arlington Cent. Sch. Dist. Bd. of Educ. v. Murphy, 548 U.S. 291, 296 (2006); South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203, 206–07 (1987); Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1, 17 (1981). Here, there can be no question that Congress intended the JAG program to assist local law enforcement efforts. See 34 U.S.C. §§ 10152(a). But imposing the requirements of § 1373 is not designed to benefit local law enforcement—it is intended to promote federal immigration enforcement efforts. See Def.’s Post-Trial Br., Dkt. 213 at 8–10. Indeed, as the City of Philadelphia proved at trial, and as this brief further demonstrates, requiring cities like Philadelphia to abandon its restrictions on information sharing will impede local governments’ abilities to provide law enforcement and other essential services to their residents.
The Court has direct testimony before it that Philadelphia’s policies improve public safety and promote access to city services. Phila. Prop. Findings of Fact, Dkt. 201 at ¶¶ 54–68. As this brief explains, that testimony is supported by academic research and the experience of other local governments, which demonstrate that the policies clearly separating local services
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from federal immigration enforcement efforts serve an important and lawful purpose. Indeed,

they are critical to successful local governance.

ARGUMENT

POLICIES THAT PROTECT SENSITIVE

INFORMATION ABOUT IMMIGRANT

POPULATIONS ARE ESSENTIAL TO LOCAL

GOVERNMENTS’

ABILITY

TO

EFFECTIVELY DELIVER SERVICES

A. The fear of immigration enforcement can discourage residents from engaging with essential local government services, including police, schools, and medical care. In immigrant communities, fear of government officials can pose a considerable obstacle
to basic government functions. According to one recent study, 40 percent of Latino parents surveyed told their children to avoid medical care, police, and other public services, and almost half told their children to stay away from authorities generally.7 These fears are not limited to those without legal status, because undocumented immigrants are the parents, siblings, and friends of citizens and legal residents. Even parents who were citizens or had permanent resident status were found to have issued similar warnings to their children, at only slightly lower rates.8 Notably, these instructions stemmed directly from immigration-related fears.9 Local governments cannot effectively prevent crime, or halt the spread of communicable diseases, when parents instruct their children to avoid police and doctors.
Immigration concerns can cripple a city’s ability to investigate or prosecute crime. Because they fear that police will ask about their immigration status or the status of people they

7 Kathleen Roche, et al., Impacts of Immigration Actions and News and the Psychological Distress of U.S. Latino Parents Raising Adolescents, J. Adolescent Health (forthcoming 2018), available at https://bit.ly/2FAbbrT.
8 Id. 9 Id.
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know, 45 percent of Latinos say in surveys that they are less likely to report a crime or offer information about crimes, whether as a witness or a victim.10 This behavior extends throughout entire communities, far beyond undocumented immigrants or even immigrants with legal status: 28 percent of Latinos born in the United States—U.S. citizens—say they are less likely to contact police, as the direct victims of a crime, because they fear immigration consequences for those close to them.11 The result is plain. “[T]he failure to obtain that victim and witness cooperation could both hinder law enforcement efforts and allow criminals to freely target communities with a large undocumented population, knowing that their crimes will be less likely to be reported.” City of Chicago v. Sessions, No. 17-2991, 2018 U.S. App. LEXIS 9862, at *15 (7th Cir. Apr. 19, 2018).
Recent federal actions and rhetoric have worsened this problem. In January 2017, for example, President Trump issued a sweeping executive order instructing law enforcement agencies to target more immigrants for deportation, encourage state and local government participation in federal immigration enforcement, and unilaterally withdraw all federal funding from whatever jurisdictions the Attorney General deemed “sanctuary jurisdictions.” Exec. Order No. 13,768, 82 Fed. Reg. 8799 (Jan. 25, 2017). This unprecedented attempt to coerce local governments into serving as federal immigration agents has already been found unconstitutional. County of Santa Clara v. Trump, 275 F. Supp. 3d 1196 (N.D. Cal. 2017). Even so, it sent an unmistakable message to immigrants, raising the specter that any interaction with local authorities could risk immigration consequences. Indeed, in remarks before Congress, acting
10 Nik Theodore, Insecure Communities: Latino Perceptions of Police Involvement in Immigration Enforcement, May 2013, available at https://bit.ly/1Adp6RD.
11 Id. 6

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Immigration and Customs Enforcement Director Tom Homan told undocumented immigrants, “[Y]ou should be uncomfortable … You should look over your shoulder.”12
This message was heard loud and clear, sending many residents into the shadows, to the
detriment of their own safety and the public’s. In Houston, for example, the number of Latinos
reporting rapes dropped by 40 percent compared to the year before, even as non-Latino victims reported an increased number of rapes.13 Latinos in Salt Lake City reported 36 percent fewer
larcenies and thefts, even as crime reporting among other demographics stayed roughly the same.14 Fears of deportation caused victims to drop their domestic violence cases in cities like Austin, San Antonio, and Denver.15
Public health, too, has suffered. Doctors have reported parents cancelling their children’s pediatric appointments and vaccinations over immigration fears,16 or cancelling health insurance coverage altogether.17 Many immigrant patients have applied for public medical coverage but
withheld sensitive identifying information from their forms—precisely the kind of information
that policies like Philadelphia’s try to keep confidential—and then are predictably denied for
12 Dara Lind, Fear Itself: Donald Trump’s Real Immigration Policy, Vox (Sep. 17, 2017), https://bit.ly/2h3IcGo.
13 Jennifer Medina, Too Scared to Report Sexual Abuse. The Fear: Deportation., N.Y. Times (Apr. 30, 2017), https://nyti.ms/2pOOe0Q; Brooke A. Lewis, HPD Chief Announces Decrease in Hispanics Reporting Rape and Violent Crimes Compared to Last Year, Houston Chron. (Apr. 6, 2017), https://bit.ly/2wvUQVV.
14 Christopher Smart, Fearful of deportation, unauthorized immigrants in Salt Lake City are not reporting crime, police chief says, The Salt Lake Trib., Jan. 9, 2018, https://bit.ly/2wDRlx1.
15 Tom Dart, Fearing deportation, undocumented immigrants wary of reporting crimes, The Guardian, Mar. 23, 2017, https://bit.ly/2nMHVd7.
16 Nicole Rodriguez, Trump’s Immigration Crackdown Creating a Public Health Crisis Among Children, Analysts Say, Newsweek, Jan. 4, 2018, https://bit.ly/2E6M93w.
17 Emily Bazar, Some Immigrants, Fearful of Political Climate, Shy Away from Medi-Cal, California Healthline, Feb. 16, 2017, https://bit.ly/2KPyQbK.
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having submitted incomplete applications.18 Nationwide, in one of the worst flu seasons in memory, eight percent fewer Hispanic adults received flu shots this year than in 2016, compared to a two percent decline among all Americans.19 As one legal resident explained to the Associated Press, “We’re afraid of maybe getting sick or getting into an accident, but the fear of my husband being deported is bigger.”20
These trends are consistent with what local governments have long known: when states and local governments engage in immigration enforcement, immigrant communities disengage from public services. After Arizona enacted SB 1070—which among other things allowed and sometimes required state and local police officers to enforce federal immigration law21— Mexican-origin citizens and non-citizens alike avoided basic preventive health care, including for their children.22 Notably, even the message that states will engage in immigration enforcement is enough to trigger this effect. California’s Proposition 187, for example, would have required all government officials to report any person using public services who was suspected of being an undocumented immigrant to federal immigration enforcement.23 Even though Prop. 187 was immediately enjoined by a federal court, it nonetheless resulted in reduced medical care in immigrant communities—including for highly communicable diseases like
18 Kelli Kennedy, Immigration Concerns Drive Legal Immigrants Away from Public Health Care, Christian Sci. Monitor (Jan. 22, 2018), https://bit.ly/2IxTi2z.
19 Donald G. McNeil, Jr., Trump, Tell Us About Your Flu Shot, N.Y. Times, Feb. 9, 2018, https://nyti.ms/2KRM8EI.
20 Kennedy, supra note 18. 21 Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 394 (2012). 22 Russell B. Toomey, et al., Impact of Arizona’s SB 1070 Immigration Law on Utilization of Health Care and Public Assistance Among Mexican-Origin Adolescent Mothers and Their Mother Figures, 104 Am. J. Pub. Health S28 (2014), available at https://bit.ly/2IbAx1w. 23 See LULAC v. Wilson, 908 F.Supp. 755 (C.D. Cal. 1995).
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tuberculosis.24 Likewise, Alabama’s HB 56 required, among other things, that public schools check the immigration status of all students.25 Again, although this provision was blocked from taking effect, the U.S. Department of Justice observed that 13.4 percent of Hispanic children dropped out of school as a result, while other groups of students were unaffected.26 And in the public health arena, when Indiana began asking women and children receiving nutritional assistance about their immigration status, enrollment immediately plunged.27
B. Local policies to limit information sharing with federal immigration authorities promote trust in local governments, which is necessary to protect public safety and health. As the data discussed above illustrates, the mere threat of local participation in federal
immigration enforcement efforts drives a wedge between local governments and their residents. But, as Philadelphia urges this court to find, local governments can mitigate the fear that drives people away from engaging in essential government services by sending a clear, unequivocal message that we will protect the information that immigrants and their loved ones provide to the police, the public health system, and schools.
Our experiences support the City of Philadelphia’s proposed findings of fact that policies limiting information sharing improve public safety by fostering community trust. See Phila. Prop. Findings of Fact, Dkt. 201 at ¶¶ 54–62. For example, unlike many other cities, in early 2017 New York City saw no decline in crime reporting associated with ZIP codes with the
24 Kari White, et al., Impact of Alabama’s Immigration Law on Access to Health Care Among Latina Immigrants and Children: Implications for National Reform, 104 Am. J. Pub. Health 397 (2014), available at https://bit.ly/2G2U3eS.
25 See Hispanic Interest Coalition v. Governor of Ala., 691 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2012). 26 Feds: Alabama immigration law caused spike in Hispanic student absences, CNN (May 4, 2012), https://cnn.it/2IbV0U3. 27 Emily Baumgaertner, Spooked by Trump Proposals, Immigrants Abandon Public Nutrition Services, N.Y. Times (Mar. 6, 2018), https://nyti.ms/2HeoMqg.
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highest foreign-born or non-citizen populations.28 This trend extended to crimes like harassment and rape, where a greater chilling effect would be expected if residents were afraid to contact the police because of immigration concerns.29 Crimes continue to be reported—and therefore, dangerous criminals continue to be arrested and prosecuted.
Likewise, these policies ensure that residents are not afraid to access local services. See Phila. Prop. Findings of Fact, Dkt. 201 at ¶¶ 63–68. New York City clinics and hospitals reported no decrease in outpatient visits across population groups, including by immigrant communities.30 Residents continue to get the medical care they need, and communicable diseases are not allowed to spread through the population unchecked. And despite the intense distress of public school students with immigrant family members,31 there was no decrease in New York City school attendance.32 Notably, New York City data showed immense anxiety in immigrant communities during this time period—such as huge spikes in requests for birth certificates and other vital records by families planning for the safety of their children should they be deported— but that anxiety did not cause immigrants to disengage from local service providers.
New York City officials attribute these successes to the City’s policies protecting confidential information and its visibly demonstrated independence from immigration enforcement efforts. Local agencies have systematically communicated these policies to residents as part of sustained efforts to maintain trust with immigrant communities and other
28 Memorandum from Sabrina Fong, N.Y.C. Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs to file (May 8, 2018).
29 Id. 30 Id. 31 Monica Disare, Could fear of Trump’s immigration policies keep New York City students out of school?, Chalkbeat (Mar. 1, 2017), https://bit.ly/2rxW5iu. 32 Memorandum from Sabrina Fong, supra note 28.
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vulnerable populations.33 As another example, in Cook County, both the county’s prosecutors and its public defenders have provided sworn declarations that forcing the county to provide federal immigration officials with information like notifications of inmate release dates would reduce cooperation with the legal system and increase violent crime.34
Policies regulating information-sharing help local governments credibly assure its immigrant communities that they can confidently and safely interact with government. It has taken decades to build the trust needed to prevent the disruptions to public safety and public health on display elsewhere. The DOJ would have local governments betray that trust overnight. As the Seventh Circuit recently recognized, “[s]uch trust, once destroyed by the mandated cooperation and communication with the federal immigration authorities, would not easily be restored.” City of Chicago, 2018 U.S. App. LEXIS 9862, at *45.
Drawing a bright line separating local governments’ efforts to provide services from federal activities around immigration enforcement is a well-established best practice, particularly among law enforcement organizations. The International Association of Chiefs of Police has recognized the concern that state and local police cooperation with federal immigration enforcement activities “could have a chilling effect in immigrant communities and could limit cooperation with police by members of those communities,” especially in the realm of domestic
33 See, e.g., Cassi Feldman, Despite Trump immigration crackdown, city tells students and families: ‘We stand with you’, Chalkbeat (Jan. 30, 2017), https://bit.ly/2rxttWz; N.Y.C. Health + Hospitals, Seek Care Without Fear, https://bit.ly/2G4otx1 (last visited May 7, 2018); CBS New York, NYPD Memo Emphasizes Commitment to Immigrants (Feb. 22, 2017), https://cbsloc.al/2L0eD2Y. See also Cara Buckley, New York City Police Seek Trust Among Immigrants, N.Y. Times (May 31, 2007) (showing length of efforts to build trust between police and immigrant communities).
34 Brief of Amicus Curiae Cook County and other Amici in Support of Pl. Motion for Prelim. Injunction, City of Chicago v. Sessions, 264 F. Supp. 3d 933, No. 1:17-cv-5720 (N.D. Ill. 2017).
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violence reporting.35 Similarly, the Major Cities Chiefs Association—whose members include the 69 largest law enforcement agencies in the United States—concluded that local police efforts in support of enforcing federal immigration law “undermines the trust and cooperation with immigrant communities which are essential elements of community oriented policing.”36
The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing adopted a similar position. The Task Force—formed under the previous administration—engaged with a wide variety of stakeholders from across the country to formulate recommendations designed to “strengthen community policing and trust among law enforcement officers and the communities they serve.”37 The Task Force recognized that the ability of local law enforcement to build strong relationships with immigrant communities is necessary for public safety and community wellbeing. Thus, the President’s Task Force counseled, “whenever possible, state and local law enforcement should not be involved in immigration enforcement.”38 The Task Force recommended, as a matter of good law enforcement practice, that agencies should “decouple” local policing from federal immigration enforcement, including by ending the use of notification requests by the Department of Homeland Security.39 When Philadelphia and other local governments decline requests to notify federal immigration authorities of certain detainees’ release dates, they are implementing policies supported by the best law enforcement thinking nationwide.
35 Int’l Ass’n of Chiefs of Police, Enforcing Immigration Law: The Role of State, Tribal and Local Law Enforcement, at 5, available at http://bit.ly/2ksLZxb.
36 Major Cities Chiefs Ass’n, Major Cities Chiefs Association Immigration Position (Oct. 2011), accessed May 4, 2018, https://bit.ly/2IoRh91.
37 The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, Final Report (May 2015), at iii, 1, available at https://bit.ly/2KPn5lP.
38 Id. at 18. 39 Id.
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Congress too has recognized that keeping personal information confidential can serve important functions. For instance, the federal government has used confidentiality guarantees to encourage people to participate in the census and pay federal taxes. See 13 U.S.C. § 9(a); 26 U.S.C. § 6103. Congress recognized that these goals could be better achieved by removing the threat that the information people share with the government will be used against them in a context wholly divorced from the reason they shared their information in the first place.
This, in the end, is what so-called sanctuary policies try to do. They create a zone free of immigration anxiety in which other essential government interests can be realized. In dismissing the efficacy of Philadelphia’s challenged policies, the DOJ overlooks not only the proven benefits of those policies, but also the experience of similar local governments across the nation. Charged with the responsibility for protecting, teaching, and serving all of our residents, we have enacted policies to make clear to our residents that they can engage with local governments, secure in the knowledge that we will protect their confidential information and keep our services separate from federal immigration enforcement efforts to the utmost of our ability. As the frontline providers of government services, we have established that these policies are essential to our ability to engage in good and effective governance. They create safer and more prosperous communities.40 Congress has not authorized the DOJ to use the Byrne JAG program to interfere with this local determination and cripple the ability of local governments to perform their core jobs serving all residents. And in multiple ways, from structural principles of separation of powers to the basic guaranty of dual sovereignty in the Tenth Amendment to federalism protections under the Spending Clause, the Constitution guards against that result.
40 Tom K. Wong, Center for American Progress, The Effects of Sanctuary Policies on Crime and the Economy (Jan. 26, 2017), available at http://ampr.gs/2kxOcHX.
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CONCLUSION The Court should enter judgment for the City of Philadelphia on all counts.

Dated: May 31, 2018

Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Jason A. Leckerman__________________
John C. Grugan (Attorney No. 83148) Jason A. Leckerman (Attorney No. 87915) Emilia McKee Vassallo (Attorney No. 318428) BALLARD SPAHR LLP 1735 Market Street, 51st Floor Philadelphia, PA 19103 (215) 665-8500
ZACHARY W. CARTER Corporation Counsel of the City of New York Richard Dearing Aaron Bloom Noah Kazis John Moore New York City Law Department 100 Church Street New York, NY 10007 Telephone: (212) 356-0840
Counsel for Proposed Amici Curiae City of New York, 20 additional cities and counties, and the United States Conference of Mayors

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THOMAS A. CARR City Attorney Boulder, Colorado 1777 Broadway P.O. Box 791 Boulder, Colorado 80306 (303) 441-3020 Counsel for City of Boulder
EILEEN M. BLACKWOOD City Attorney and Corporate Counsel City of Burlington 149 Church Street, Room 11 Burlington, VT 05451 (802) 865-7121 Counsel for City of Burlington
CHERYL WATSON FISHER City Solicitor City of Chelsea 500 Broadway, Room 307 Chelsea, MA 02150 (617) 466-4150 Counsel for City of Chelsea
EDWARD N. SISKEL Corporation Counsel of the City of Chicago 30 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 800 Chicago, IL 60602 (312) 744-7764 Counsel for City of Chicago
KIMBERLY M. FOXX States Attorney for Cook County 69 W. Washington, 32nd Floor Chicago, IL 60602 (312) 603-5440 Counsel for Cook County, Illinois
HARRIET STEINER City Attorney City of Davis Best Best & Krieger LLP 500 Capitol Mall, Suite 1700 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 551-2821 Counsel for City of Davis

BARBARA J. DOSECK City Attorney 101 West Third Street P.O. Box 22 Dayton, Ohio 45402 (937) 333-4100 Counsel for City of Dayton
KRISTIN M. BRONSON Denver City Attorney 1437 Bannock St., Room 353 Denver, CO 80202 (720) 865-8600 Counsel for City and County of Denver
AARON O. LAVINE City Attorney 108 E. Green St. Ithaca, NY 14850 (607) 274-6504 Counsel for City of Ithaca
MICHAEL N. FEUER City Attorney City of Los Angeles 200 N. Main Street, 800 CHE Los Angeles, CA 90012 (213) 978-8100 Counsel for City of Los Angeles
MICHAEL P. MAY City Attorney for the City of Madison 210 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Room 401 Madison, Wisconsin 53703 (608) 266-4511 Counsel for City of Madison
SUSAN L. SEGAL Minneapolis City Attorney 350 S. 5th Street, Rm. 210 Minneapolis, MN 55415 (612) 673-3272 Counsel for City of Minneapolis
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JON COOPER Director of Law One Public Square, Suite 108 Nashville, TN 37201 (615) 862-6341 Counsel for Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County
KATHLEEN E. GILL Chief of Staff for Policy and Government Affairs/Corporation Counsel City of New Rochelle 515 North Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801 (914) 654-2125 Counsel for City of New Rochelle
BARBARA J. PARKER Oakland City Attorney One Frank Ogawa Plaza Sixth Floor Oakland, California 94612 (510) 238-3601 Counsel for City of Oakland
TRACY REEVE Portland City Attorney Portland City Attorney’s Office 1221 SW Fourth Avenue, Suite 430 Portland, OR 97240 (503) 823-4047 Counsel for City of Portland, Oregon
TIMOTHY R. CURTIN Corporation Counsel of the City of Rochester 30 Church St., Room 400A Rochester, NY 14614 (585) 428-6986 Counsel for City of Rochester, New York

JAMES R. WILLIAMS County Counsel Santa Clara County 70 West Hedding St. 9th Floor San Jose, CA 95110 (408) 299-5900 Counsel for Santa Clara County
PETER S. HOLMES Seattle City Attorney 701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2050 Seattle, WA 98104-7097 (206) 684-8200 Counsel for City of Seattle
FRANCIS X. WRIGHT, Jr. City Solicitor City of Somerville 93 Highland Avenue Somerville, MA 02143 (617) 625-6600, ext. 4400 Counsel for City of Somerville
JOHN DANIEL REAVES General Counsel The United States Conference of Mayors 1200 New Hampshire Ave. NW, 3rd Floor Washington, DC 20036 Counsel for the United States Conference of Mayors

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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 224 Filed 06/06/18 Page 1 of 93

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

CIVIL ACTION

v.

NO. 17-3894

JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

Baylson, J.

MEMORANDUM

June 6, 2018

“no place indeed should murder sanctuarize.” Hamlet, Act 4, sc 7, II, 98
“nor sleep nor sanctuary.” Coriolanus, Act 1, sc II, 19-27
“The privilege of sanctuary was as ancient as England itself and developed from a mixture of Hebrew, Greek, Roman, Anglo-Saxon,
and Christian traditions.” Liberty to Misread: Sanctuary and Possibility in The Comedy of Errors Woodring, Vol. 28, Yale Journal of Law & the Humanities, 319, 320 (2017)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION AND LITIGATION HISTORY SUMMARY......................................... 1 II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .................................................................................................. 2 III. FACTS ................................................................................................................................ 3
A. Summary of Testimony at Trial .......................................................................................... 3 1. Brian Abernathy.............................................................................................................. 3 a) City Prisoner Information ......................................................................................... 4 b) ICE Detainers............................................................................................................ 6 c) Advance Notice of Release ....................................................................................... 7 d) Prison Access ............................................................................................................ 7 2. Eva Gladstein .................................................................................................................. 8 3. Julie Wertheimer ............................................................................................................. 9 a) Section 1373 Issues................................................................................................... 9 b) City Criminal Justice Details .................................................................................. 11 c) JAG Details............................................................................................................. 12 4. Matthew Gillespie ......................................................................................................... 13 a) Memos – February 7, 2018 and April 23, 2018 ...................................................... 15 5. Commissioner Ross ...................................................................................................... 16 a) Training................................................................................................................... 16 b) Smart Policing......................................................................................................... 17 c) Budget ..................................................................................................................... 17 d) Decrease in Crime................................................................................................... 18 6. David O’Neill................................................................................................................ 18 a) ICE Access to City Data ......................................................................................... 20 b) Prisoner Interviews ................................................................................................. 21 c) Custody Transfer..................................................................................................... 22
B. Findings of Fact ................................................................................................................ 23 1. City Policies .................................................................................................................. 23 2. City Law Enforcement Practices .................................................................................. 26 3. Prison Access ................................................................................................................ 27 4. Information Sharing ...................................................................................................... 27 5. City Supports Cooperation with all Law Enforcement Agencies ................................. 33 6. City Practices Re: ICE Request for Advance Notice of Release .................................. 36
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7. Conclusory Findings of Fact ......................................................................................... 37 IV. CITY’S MOTION FOR ADOPTION OF JUDGE STRAWBRIDGE’S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................ 41 V. CROSS-MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AS TO COUNTS I-III .................... 44
A. Parties’ Contentions .......................................................................................................... 45 B. Relevant Standards............................................................................................................ 46
1. Rule 56 Standard........................................................................................................... 46 2. Administrative Procedure Act....................................................................................... 47 C. Violation of the APA through Ultra Vires Conduct Not Authorized by Congress in the Underlying Statute (Count I) .................................................................................................... 47 1. City of Chicago v. Sessions – 7th Circuit Decision....................................................... 47 2. Prior opinion of this Court: the Challenged Conditions are Ultra Vires ...................... 49 D. Violation of Constitutional Separation of Powers (Count II) ........................................... 49 E. Violation of the APA through Arbitrary and Capricious Agency Action (Count III) ...... 50 1. The Administrative Record........................................................................................... 52 2. The Decision to Impose All Three Challenged Conditions Was Arbitrary and Capricious
53 VI. SPENDING CLAUSE (COUNT IV)................................................................................ 55 VII. MURPHY V. NCAA AND THE TENTH AMENDMENT – COMMANDEERING..... 56
A. Review of Preliminary Injunction Opinion....................................................................... 56 B. Murphy v. NCAA ............................................................................................................. 58 C. Effect of Murphy v. NCAA on Constitutionality of Section 1373 ................................... 61 D. The First Alternative Conclusion re §1373 – The Text Supports the City’s Contentions 65
1. The Text of Section 1373 Does Not Require Compliance with the JAG Conditions... 65 2. Cases Interpreting Section 1373: Bologna and Steinle............................................... 66
a) Bologna ................................................................................................................... 66 b) Steinle ..................................................................................................................... 67 3. Statutory Interpretation ................................................................................................. 67 E. Second Alternative Conclusion re §1373 – The City Complies with the JAG Conditions 68 1. Demore v. Kim, 538 U.S. 510, 513 (2003)................................................................... 69 2. Jennings and Dimaya .................................................................................................... 70 3. City Complies with § 1373 ........................................................................................... 73 VIII. STANDARD FOR PERMANENT INJUNCTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW... 78 A. Permanent Injunction Standard......................................................................................... 78
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 224 Filed 06/06/18 Page 4 of 93 B. Arguments of the Parties................................................................................................... 79 C. Injunctions Against Unconstitutional Grant Conditions................................................... 79 D. Irreparable Harm ............................................................................................................... 80 IX. DECLARATORY JUDGMENT ...................................................................................... 84 X. MANDAMUS....................................................................................................................... 85 XI. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW .............................................................................................. 88 XII. CONCLUSION................................................................................................................. 89
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I. INTRODUCTION AND LITIGATION HISTORY SUMMARY As sailors in Homer’s “The Odyssey” seeking to avoid the mythical sea monsters Scylla
and Charybdis as they travel to the island of Thrinacia, Philadelphia seeks to avoid having to confront the choice between two alternatives which it finds undesirable. To Philadelphia, Scylla represents compliance with a federal statute requiring that the City issue no guidance restricting its police and other officials from sharing information about the immigration status of City residents, while Charybdis represents $1.6 million that Philadelphia would use to provide vital resources to bolster its local criminal justice prerogatives. In Greek, this is referred to as δίλημμα—a “dilemma,” or a “double proposition”—which offers two unacceptable alternatives. Below, this Court lays out a full explanation of why Philadelphia need not make this “Hobson’s Choice,” and in any event, can steer safely to Thrinacia, accepting the $1.6 million without compromising its local objectives.
The City of Philadelphia filed this lawsuit seeking to enjoin Defendant, United States Attorney General Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III, from imposing three separate immigration-related conditions on the receipt of grant funds under the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program, a federal program providing financial assistance to states and cities for criminal justice. Under the Byrne program, grants are determined by a formula, and funds have already been appropriated by Congress. In fiscal year 2017, Philadelphia would have been entitled to $1.598 million, which it planned to allocate, among other things, to equipping police officers with Narcan to counteract opioid overdoses.
The three conditions on Byrne grants the City challenges are as follows: a. The City must provide to the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) access to City prisons to interview individuals of interest to ICE.
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b. The City must provide advance notice to ICE of release from City prisons of aliens whose “scheduled release date and time” ICE requests.
c. The City must certify compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, a statute which purports to prohibit the City from restrictions on disclosure of information as to the citizenship or immigration status of any “person.”
The City also sought a declaration that it complied with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, as lawfully construed, and a writ of mandamus requiring the Attorney General to fund the City its full grant award. The City moved for a preliminary injunction (“PI”), and after an evidentiary hearing, the Court granted the injunction. City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 280 F. Supp. 3d 579 (E.D. Pa. 2017).1 The 7th Circuit Court of Appeals has affirmed a similar PI entered by the Chicago district court, citing and relying on this Court’s PI opinion.
The Court then required the parties to engage in fact discovery, which took place, in part, under Judge David Strawbridge, appointed as a Master, who filed a Report and Recommendation, discussed below.
Following a four-day trial and submission of post-trial briefs, this opinion makes findings of fact and conclusions of law on all issues and the Court will grant equitable relief, in favor of the City. II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. The public statements of President Trump and Attorney General Sessions, asserting that immigrants commit more crimes than native-born citizens, are inaccurate as applied to Philadelphia, and do not justify the imposition of these three conditions.
2. The Attorney General did not follow established law in promulgating the first two conditions.
1 Defendant filed an appeal from this decision, but the Court has been advised that briefing on the appeal has been delayed, apparently because the Third Circuit, having been advised of the imminence of this Court’s final judgment and decree, has delayed the briefing on the appeal from the preliminary injunction.
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3. As to the third condition, certification of compliance with Section 1373, the Court

finds:

a. The Attorney General did not follow established law in promulgating this condition;

b. The Supreme Court’s recent opinion in Murphy v. NCAA renders it unconstitutional;

4. The Court alternatively finds:

a. As to the first two conditions:

i.

The City provides ICE access to City prisoners if the prisoner

consents after being advised of their right to counsel;

ii.

The City has agreed to give advance notice of release of criminal

aliens if ICE secures a judicial order, which ICE can easily obtain by

coordination with the United States Attorney’s Office for this

district.

b. The plain language of Section 1373 does not independently require the City to comply with the first two conditions;

c. Nevertheless, the City complies or substantially complies with all three conditions.

5. The City has proven it will suffer irreparable harm if the conditions are not

enjoined. 6.

The City is entitled to prompt payment of the JAG funds.2

III. FACTS

A. Summary of Testimony at Trial

1. Brian Abernathy Brian Abernathy, First Deputy Managing Director of the City of Philadelphia, testified that

2 This memorandum will incorporate by reference three topics discussed in detail in the PI Opinion: First, description of the “Byrne JAG Program,” 280 F. Supp. 3d at 593, second, a lengthy discussion entitled “The Intersection Between Criminal Law and Immigration Law,” Id. at 625-638, and third, “substantial compliance.” Id. at 651-654.
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he is responsible for overseeing “everything you would think of as City government,” including public safety, community services, and health and human services. (4/30/18, “Day 1 Tr.” 6:5-12). He oversees the Philadelphia Department of Prisons and the Police Department, which take up 50% or more of his time. (Id. 151:5-11). Throughout his testimony, he frequently described the need to establish trust with Philadelphia residents so that individuals feel free to report crimes and utilize City services, while at the same time maintaining the City’s law enforcement relationship with ICE, with which it partners on a number of matters, including drugs and human trafficking. (Id. 11:9; 144:18-23). He is personally notified if an immigration detainer is lodged against an individual in city custody, and testified to reviewing some 165 immigration detainers since January 2017. (Id. 155:10-18).
Mr. Abernathy testified to meeting regularly with representatives of the immigrant and advocate communities, and stated that in his experience, immigrants perceive City government as highly integrated; he speculated that “if individuals felt like we were sharing immigration information through the police department…they would be hesitant to engage in the Health Department or even the library.” (Id. 44:12; 54:14-17). He speculated about the potential health and safety implications if immigrants were not to avail themselves of the City Fire Department, public health services, or if they were to circumvent licensing and inspection processes in areas like construction. (Id. 46:15-52:13).
a) City Prisoner Information Mr. Abernathy testified that 81.5% of the City’s prison population has not been sentenced and therefore lacks a release date. (4/30/18, “Day 1 Tr.” 65:9-10). These individuals may be released from City custody despite having no set release date, such as if they post bail; Mr. Abernathy testified that the Department of Prisons attempts to release individuals in such cases
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within four hours. (Id. 74:3-9). He also testified that a “substantial portion” of individuals who enter police custody are released directly from the Police Detention Unit. (Id. 75:9).
Mr. Abernathy testified that he is familiar with various City policies regarding the treatment of immigration status information. He testified to being aware that police officers are trained in the requirements of Police Commissioner Memorandum 01-06 and Executive Order 8-09 during a Philadelphia-specific training module at the police academy. (Id. 9:4; 10:14). When new City guidance is introduced, it is read out at roll call for every police shift for three consecutive days and then posted at police precincts “for all to see.” (Id. 9:7-9:11). City police officers are not trained on 8 U.S.C. § 1373 specifically because, Mr. Abernathy testified, it was “not practical” and Section 1373 “shouldn’t affect how an officer does their job.” (Id. 64:12-18). He testified that Police Commissioner Memorandum 01-06 did not prevent an officer from disclosing to ICE the immigration status of an undocumented immigrant suspected of a crime, and Executive Order 8-09 did not prohibit the disclosure to ICE of the whereabouts or home address of an undocumented person. (Id. 12:13; 15:8). Mr. Abernathy clarified that while it was not the police department’s practice to collect individuals’ citizenship or immigration status information, officers were not prohibited from sharing that information if they somehow learned it. (Id. 163:1-3; 20:19). He was not aware of any disciplinary action against any of the City’s approximately 6,500 police officers for violating a confidentiality policy. (Id. 61:5-9).
Mr. Abernathy, who had testified at length at the preliminary injunction hearing regarding the City’s participation in various databases, testified that the City employs a database called “Lock and Track” to keep track of individuals in the City prison system. (Id. 22:10-13). Lock and Track contains information such as an individual’s name, biographical information, location, charges, and the like. When arrested individuals enter the custody of the Department of Prisons, a
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City official collects their self-reported citizenship information, which Mr. Abernathy acknowledged was often inaccurate, and enters it into Lock and Track. (Id. 21:12-22:6).
From 2004-16, ICE had access to the citizenship information available in the City’s Lock and Track system, and Mr. Abernathy stressed that if ICE were to request that access be restored, the City would allow ICE access again. (Id. 22:15-19; 27:10-13). ICE could access citizenship information either through a daily e-mail sent by the City or through a portal. (Id. 26:13-18). The City shut down the portal and ceased providing the daily e-mail in 2016 when it realized that the portal had not been accessed in a long time. (Id.)
b) ICE Detainers Immigration detainers received from ICE are entered into an individual’s Lock and Track “jacket,” and a paper copy of the immigration detainer is kept in that individual’s physical file. (Id. 30:24-31:7). Mr. Abernathy testified that ICE detainers are “generally” sent to City prisons, but sent “at times” to police districts; he testified that it would not surprise him to hear that 16 out of 67 detainers since January 2017 had been sent to police precincts. (Id. 27:14-18; 130:23). At present, detainers “follow” an individual such that if he is transferred to state custody, the state will be aware that he has a pending immigration detainer. (Id. 31:21-32:2). Mr. Abernathy testified to some “confusion” regarding whether a detainer would “follow” an individual—such that a subsequent holding facility, such as a state prison, might not be aware of the pending detainer—but stated that he clarified the policy in a memo to the Director of the Bureau of Prisons dated March 29, 2018. (Id. 140:8-141:2). He admitted that the City had not done anything to ensure that other facilities that had received inmates from Philadelphia before March 29, 2018 were notified of pending detainer requests. (Id. 141:3-19).
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c) Advance Notice of Release Mr. Abernathy also repeatedly testified that the City only provides advance notification of an individual’s release to ICE, in response to an immigration detainer lodged by ICE, when the City receives a criminal judicial warrant in addition to the detainer. (Id. 82:20-25). He testified to the contents of Executive Order 5-16, about which he had testified at the preliminary injunction hearing, and reiterated that pursuant to his memorandum to the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, the City’s policy was to honor all criminal warrants, although he admitted that the City had failed to honor a federal criminal judicial warrant on one occasion. (Id. 33:25-34:2; 35:22-36:13; 32:19-20). The City also honors all detainers from other states made pursuant to criminal warrants, and holds individuals at City prison facilities for pickup by law enforcement from other jurisdictions, which Mr. Abernathy testified is a “safer transfer.” (Id. 98:18-99:6; 106:11-21). Mr. Abernathy stated that on five occasions between the issuance of Executive Order 5-16 and his March 22, 2017 clarifying memo, he had personally informed ICE of the pending release of an inmate charged with “serious felony 1 charges” including rape, attempted murder, and criminal conspiracy—despite the absence of a federal criminal judicial warrant. (Id. 102:15-103:3). Mr. Abernathy acknowledged that his actions violated City policy, and that no City policy provided for such a case-by-case determination. (Id. 103:8-10; 105:2-4).
d) Prison Access When asked about requests from ICE to interview inmates, Mr. Abernathy described the interview form about which he had testified to at length at the preliminary injunction hearing. He testified that the City had instituted the form, which allows ICE interviews only if an inmate consents in writing, because ICE is the only law enforcement agency investigating primarily civil matters; the City was concerned about the large proportion of individuals who would not be able to
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afford an immigration lawyer, and wished to inform them of their rights. (Id. 159:19-160:7). Mr. Abernathy posited that if another federal civil enforcement agency, such as the IRS or OSHA, were to seek to interview inmates, the City might adopt a similar form. (Id. 160:9-12). However, if ICE sought an interview with an individual in connection with a criminal matter, Mr. Abernathy testified, the individual might or might not be provided with the form. In the year prior to the adoption of the form, ICE had requested to interview approximately six inmates, and the interviews had taken place. (Id. 45:17-19; 116:25). In the year or so following the adoption of the consent form, ICE had requested to interview six inmates, but no interviews took place because three individuals declined consent, and the remaining three requested to be interviewed in the presence of an attorney. (Id. 45:3-16).
Throughout his testimony, Mr. Abernathy repeatedly stated that ICE has become more “aggressive” in its tactics in the past year or so. This has made his job of trying to keep Philadelphians safe and reducing crime, by maintaining law enforcement partnerships while encouraging the community to avail itself of public services of many kinds, including police, “more difficult than it should be.” (Id. 38:14; 148:6-7).
2. Eva Gladstein Eva Gladstein also testified at the trial. (See 5/10/18, “Day 4 Tr.” 64:6-77:2). Ms. Gladstein is the deputy managing director of Health and Human Services for the City. (Id. 64:12-14). No department that she oversees applied for Byrne JAG grant funding in FY2017. (Id. 66:1-4). Ms. Gladstein testified that Philadelphia residents can use the City’s services without regard to immigration status. (Id. 65:13-18). Because some of these services are stigmatized—e.g., substance abuse treatment services—the City has sought to establish trust with
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the immigrant communities to ensure that immigrants, like other Philadelphia residents, are able to use the City’s services. (Id. 71:19-72:3). Ms. Gladstein believes the City’s confidentiality policy enables such trust. (Id. 71:11-18). Ms. Gladstein credibly testified that immigrants would be less likely to use the City’s services if they feared that their immigration status would be readily revealed to ICE as a result, and that City residents do not easily distinguish between departments of the City government. (Id. 74:4-10).
3. Julie Wertheimer Julie Wertheimer testified that she is the Chief of Staff for criminal justice in the City’s Managing Director’s office. (5/1/18, “Day 2 Tr.” 5:3-6). Her testimony at the trial was in significantly greater detail than at the PI hearing. As part of her role she oversees all of the City’s criminal justice grants, including the JAG grant. (Id. 5:20-22). Ms. Wertheimer stated that she works with the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, and in particular with a program officer named Sam Beamon, who serves as the City’s point of contact within the DOJ with respect to executing grants. (Id. 5:25-6:14). In particular, Ms. Wertheimer consults with Mr. Beamon with respect to budget modifications and extensions, and to ensure the City is meeting the requirements of a particular grant. She testified that an individual named Corey Randolph is Mr. Beamon’s direct supervisor. (Id. 5:15-17). Over time working with Mr. Beamon in this capacity, he has assisted Ms. Wertheimer in interpreting JAG grant requirements, including a special condition related to controlled expenditures, and a special condition of a public comment requirement. (Id. 8:7-15; 10:5-22; 11:4-7, 19-22).
a) Section 1373 Issues Ms. Wertheimer testified that she learned of the DOJ’s determination that the City is not in
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compliance with Section 1373 in an email from Tracy Troutman in October of 2017. (5/1/18, “Day 2 Tr.” 6:20-7:4). This was followed by a phone conversation she had in November with Mr. Beamon regarding the October 27th deadline for the City to submit its certification that it is in compliance with Section 1373. (Id. 7:19-20). During this conversation Ms. Wertheimer asked Mr. Beamon what the next steps would be with regard to the JAG grant, and Mr. Beamon “indicated that he basically had no idea what was going on with the process.” (Id. 7:21-25).
Ms. Wertheimer testified that she spoke with Mr. Beamon on the phone after the solicitation for the FY 2017 JAG grant was released, and he stated that he was not aware that it had been released and that neither he nor anyone in his chain of command was aware of the new conditions. (Id. 15:12-17). Ms. Wertheimer requested assistance from Mr. Beamon in regards to interpreting the condition requiring compliance with Section 1373, and for the first time, he was unable to offer any clarifying guidance related to a special condition. (Id. 12:1-9; 13:7-13). She further stated that she assumed that Mr. Randolph did not have any additional clarifying information—though she never spoke with him by phone to confirm this—because in the past when Mr. Beamon has been unable to assist with interpreting conditions he has referred Ms. Wertheimer to Mr. Randolph for this purpose, and he did not do that in this situation. (Id. 15:12-21; 16:1-4; 17:4-11).
The DOJ sent the City a guidance document regarding compliance with Section 1373 on July 7, 2016, which stated that this condition “does not impose on states and localities the affirmative obligation to collect information from private individuals regarding their immigration status, nor does it require that states and localities take specific action upon obtaining such information.” (Id. 18:2-22). Ms. Wertheimer also stated that this document, like other guidance documents provided by OJP at the time, did not clarify that citizenship or immigration status
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information includes addresses, whereabouts, or inmates’ release dates. (Id. 20:3-20; 23:5-15; 25:11-14).
Ms. Wertheimer also asked Mr. Beamon for guidance regarding the jail access and advance notice conditions attached to the City’s Fiscal Year 2017 JAG Award. He told her that these issues would be resolved at a later date and did not offer specific guidance about what was required. She assumed that he was not clear on how to interpret the conditions. (Id. 25:15-27:17). Ms. Wertheimer compared this situation to others, in which new conditions have been attached to federal grants to the City and Mr. Beamon has been able to help the City determine what it needed to do to comply with those conditions. (Id. 28:11-29:10).
Ms. Wertheimer testified that she first learned that the three new conditions would be attached to the City’s Fiscal Year 2017 JAG award when the DOJ posted a notice about it in July, 2017 on their website. (Id. 30:10-31:4). The solicitation for applications was posted on August 3rd, 2017, and included reference to the three new conditions. Ms. Wertheimer stated that she has never seen a condition included in a solicitation that was not then included in the final award document, and that she had no reason to question whether these three new conditions would be include in the final JAG award documents for FY2017. (Id. 32:11-24).
b) City Criminal Justice Details Ms. Wertheimer is familiar with the City’s criminal justice data management systems including CPCMS, or, Common Pleas Case Management System. She said that it operates by the Office of Judicial Records updating docket information for individual cases typically within three to four hours of the occurrence of new events; at the most she indicated that it is always updated within 24 hours. (5/1/18, “Day 2 Tr.” 33:11-34:18). Ms. Wertheimer noted this is a public database, and characterized it as a very reliable system that is widely relied upon and used by the
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public including reporters. (Id. 34:20-24). CPCMS includes case status information, confinement information, and bail information. (Id. 34:25-25:21).
c) JAG Details Ms. Wertheimer testified that she has worked on the JAG grant disbursement for eight years. Once awarded, the City returns a copy to the DOJ, as well as sending a copy to the City Financial Department, which sets up a grant profile and an “index code,” after which the funds for the grant are appropriated. (5/1/18, “Day 2 Tr.” 36:5-18). Ms. Wertheimer explained that the City uses the term “unobligated” in its financial reporting regarding DOJ grants in order to indicate funds that have not been spent. (Id. 36:22-37:14). This term, she clarified, does not mean that the funds are actually unobligated, and the DOJ is aware of that as a result of past practice and communication with the City; Ms. Wertheimer explained, “that’s our practice and that’s a practice that our program officer, not only our JAG program officer but all our DOJ program officers are aware of.” (Id. 37:13-19). Ms. Wertheimer stated that the reason all of the City’s 2016 JAG funds had been unobligated as of December, 2017, is because the City was concerned about the DOJ’s statements that the City may be required to pay back those funds, and the City is not in a position to do that. (Id. 37:20-38:12; 38:18-20). The City has since moved to obligate all of the funds, she stated. (Id. 378:21-24). While the OJP provided guidance stating that these funds would not be clawed back, the City remained concerned that they could be as a result of Attorney General Sessions’ public statements to the contrary—including a March 27, 2017 press release. (Id. 75:2-17; 77:2-8). The City has not funded any of the projects that it intended for Fiscal Year 2017 JAG funds through other funding sources. (Id. 39:10-12). Ms. Wertheimer stated that that City needs every
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dollar that it has, and the reason it seeks grant money is so that it will not have to cut off funding to competing interests and other important purposes such as public libraries in order to respond to criminal justice and public safety needs. (Id. 53:4-23). Philadelphia is the poorest big city and it is stretched thin. (Id. 86:22-87:8).
Ms. Wertheimer clarified that the JAG grant is structured as a multi-year grant, meaning that the City receives a new allocation each fiscal year, that allocation is backdated one year, and then the City has about a three year additional period for execution; as such the City has not expended the full amount of the 2015 award yet. (Id. 57:6-58:10; 81:9-19).
4. Matthew Gillespie Lieutenant Gillespie has been a police officer for fifteen years in Philadelphia, and is currently a Lieutenant in the Philadelphia Police Department as well as the Commanding Officer of the Police Detention Unit—colloquially referred to as the “Roundhouse” or the “PDU.” (4/30/18, “Day 1 Tr.” 173:6-7; 174:9-10). The PDU is the largest temporary holding facility in Philadelphia, processing nineteen to twenty thousand arrested people each year. (Id. 173:9-11). However, it is just one of the five divisional booking centers that process Philadelphia arrestees. (Id. 175:6). Lt. Gillespie testified that, following an arrest, an arrestee is brought to one of the five divisional booking centers, where the PPD engages in its intake procedure. (Id. 176:1-3). After a few hours, the defendant’s fingerprints are taken by unsworn civilian corrections officers. (Id. 176:10-13; 178:13-17). The delay is due to the fact that the arresting officer or assigned investigator must first fill out a report on the police arrest report system (“PARS”), in which the facts of the case, arresting officer’s information, and defendant’s biographical information (including “place of birth”) are all recorded. (Id. 176:14-177:13). The defendant’s fingerprints
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are digitally transmitted to the PPD Records and Identification Unit via the automatic fingerprint information system (“AFIS”). (Id. 179:1-7). Then, the Records and Identification Unit works with the Pennsylvania Crime Information Center to verify who the person is and determine if the person has any outstanding criminal warrants. (Id. 179:8-13). If there is a “hit” for an immigration violator file, but there is no other reason for detaining the defendant, PPD will notify ICE. (Id. 196:23-197:6).
The District Attorney’s Office then reads the facts of the case, and determines if the arrest report will be approved. (Id. 181:10-12). If the arrest report is disapproved, the District Attorney’s Office calls the PDU and tells them to release the defendant. (Id. 181:13-15).
Lt. Gillespie testified that, after the arrest report is approved, the PDU coordinates with the bail commissioner to arrange an arraignment for the defendant, which occurs several hours later. (Id. 182:19-22). Approximately six times per day, a group of arrestees see the bail commissioner through closed circuit television. (Id. 184:8-11). If bail is set, the defendant is given two to three hours to have that bail paid. (Id. 185:14-16). After the defendant makes bail, he is released, on average, within two hours. (Id. 188:1-4). If the bail commissioner does not allow the defendant to post bail, or the defendant fails to post bail, he is transferred to the City’s Curran-Fromhold facilities on State Road. (Id. 186:20-22). Approximately eleven thousand of the nineteen thousand arrestees who are processed at the PDU are subsequently transferred to the State Road facilities. (217:22-23). The average amount of time that someone spends at the PDU is fourteen hours. (Id. 188:18-25).
In the past two years, Lt. Gillespie stated that he has seen two ICE detainers accompanied by a criminal judicial warrant. (Id. 189:14-16). In both cases, the defendants were transferred to federal custody at the State Road facilities after going through the local arrest process. (Id.
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189:20-21). Anytime ICE calls the PDU and asks if a specific person is in the PDU, PPD will inform them that the person is in custody at the PDU, but will not give advance notice of their release unless there is a judicial warrant. (Id. 210:12-16).
a) Memos – February 7, 2018 and April 23, 2018 Lt. Gillespie was asked about a memorandum that he circulated to the PDU staff on February 7, 2018 (the “Gillespie Memo”). He had sent the memorandum as a result of being notified in late January, 2018, that ICE agents had been stationed in the parking lot outside the PDU requesting to speak with prisoners detained inside. (Id. 199:3-15). The memorandum cited Executive Order 5-16, and stated that the City would not comply with detainer requests—including requests for interviews—unless they are supported by a judicial warrant and pertain to an individual being released after conviction for a first or second-degree felony involving violence. (Id. 200:4-9). However, Lt. Gillespie stated that the City now honors all detainers supported by judicial warrants, irrespective of the offense for which an individual had been charged or convicted. (Id. 200:11-23). Lt. Gillespie was later informed by his supervisor, Deputy Commissioner Coulter, that he should clarify the PDU’s policy with a new memorandum, which was issued April 23, 2018. (Id. 201:4-14). The new memorandum superseded the prior Gillespie Memo, and stated, among other things, that for criminal investigations, ICE is permitted to interview PDU detainees. (Id. 200:15-21). Lt. Gillespie stated that changing the PDU’s policy to allow ICE agents to conduct civil immigration interviews would hinder the arraignment process and increase the level of tension that the PDU staff would have to endure while at work, as prisoners might express frustration at the prospect of deportation. (Id. 203:2-204:2).
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5. Commissioner Ross Philadelphia Police Commissioner Ross testified that in his role as Police Commissioner he is responsible for training police officers. He indicated several means used for training, including training at the Police Academy, in-service training, and police teletype, which is the communication of policies by sending them to officers electronically. (5/10/18, “Day 4 Tr.” 38:2-40:7). He stated that police are trained on all Police Commissioner memoranda and policy directives, and that police are expected to comply with all such memoranda and directives. (Id. 7:11-17). Commissioner Ross agreed that when policies and memoranda offer a clear rule, the expectation is that police will follow it completely, but that policies cannot capture every situation. (Id. 7:18-8:6).
a) Training Commissioner Ross stated that no police training specifically references Section 1373, other than the Mayor’s Executive Order. (5/10/18, “Day 4 Tr.” 9:6-15). Police are, however, trained on their interactions with federal partners. (Id. 10:9-12). With respect to the City Executive Order stating that the police department will not comply with ICE civil immigration detainers unless supported by a judicial warrant, Commissioner Ross clarified that that refers to a criminal warrant and that this policy is consistent with how the police department does business generally. (Id. 10:19-25; 11:1-17; 12:17-22). Commissioner Ross explained that Philadelphia police officers across the board have an understanding that they must comply with judicial warrants signed by judges, and that they consistently do comply with such warrants. (Id. 13:1-18; 14:10-14). He stated that the police department would respect any federal judicial warrant signed by a judge, however he does not believe that there are any such warrants relating to civil matters. (Id. 49:17-24; 58:7-59:8).
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b) Smart Policing Commissioner Ross testified to some extent as he had at the PI hearing, that the City has a big problem with criminality, and that to respond the police must cultivate relationships with residents. ICE being aggressive over the past year has made this much harder for the City and the police department. (5/10/18, “Day 4 Tr.” 14:17-25; 15:1-9; 25:7-21; 31:11-19). At the same time, he said cooperation with federal partners absolutely is in line with “smart policing.” (Id. 32:23-33:9). Commissioner Ross stated that he is aware of the issue of Brian Abernathy violating Executive Order 5-16 by providing advance notice to ICE about the upcoming release of offenders without a warrant. (Id. 24:17-25:2). He further stated that there is no policy forbidding communication with ICE when an alien is suspected of a crime or is convicted of a crime. (Id. 17:1-6). ICE would be able to discover the facts underlying a crime for which a person was arrested via PARS or NCIC, and there is no policy prohibiting police from sharing this information with ICE, or from sharing the fact that a particular person is in police custody. (Id. 35:8-36:8). Commissioner Ross explained that offender-focused policing deals with focusing enforcement efforts on chronic offenders, and agreed that sometimes it is useful to focus on people who have committed crimes in the past in order to promote public safety. (Id. 20:17-21:8).
c) Budget Commissioner Ross testified that the Philadelphia Police Department’s budget was recently increased as a direct and essentially mandated result of an increase in personnel compensation through collective bargaining. (5/10/18, “Day 4 Tr.” 29:14-24). Technically, he stated, he could have requested a larger budget increase, but he would not have been likely to receive it. (Id. 53:18-55:2).
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d) Decrease in Crime Commissioner Ross testified that the 2016 crime statistics in the City are at a 40-year low, and that he attributes this in large part to smart policing strategies, particularly relationships with the community, including the immigrant community. (5/10/18, “Day 4 Tr.” 40:10-42:5). Commissioner Ross strongly disputed the accuracy of statements made by President Trump and Attorney General Sessions regarding immigrants being a major source of crime in large cities. Those statements do not apply to Philadelphia. (Id. 42:15-47:18). The major source of crime in Philadelphia are people who were born and raised here. (Id.).
6. David O’Neill David O’Neill, assistant director at the Philadelphia field office of Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE), testified for Defendant. The Philadelphia field office oversees ICE operations in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and West Virginia. (5/1/18, “Day 2 Tr.” 126:9-10). The Philadelphia ICE office oversees many programs, including the criminal alien program, the fugitive operations program, the non-detained docket, and the alternatives to detention docket. (Id. 129:1-4). The criminal alien program is one of the “biggest responsibilities” for the Philadelphia field office, and is “designed to identify, locate, and apprehend aliens that are in a state, local, or federal jail or prison” and ultimately remove them from the country by “taking them into custody upon the completion of their criminal sentence and place them in removal proceedings.” (Id. 129:6-11). When asked to define the term “criminal alien,” Mr. O’Neill testified that he had seen the term used to refer both to non-citizens who had been convicted of crimes, as well as to those who had merely been charged. (Id. 176:10-13). The Philadelphia field office apprehended some 3,000-5,000 individuals last year, some of
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whom had no convictions or convictions for only non-violent offenses. (5/2/18, “Day 3 Tr.” 56:13-57:2). Mr. O’Neill testified to being familiar with a memo issued in early 2017 by then-Homeland Security secretary John Kelly, which established as a priority executing immigration laws against all removable aliens. (Id. 47:5-48:20).
Mr. O’Neill testified that ICE primarily learns of persons of interest through the Secure Communities program. (Day 2 Tr. 131:15-16). Since the adoption of the Secure Communities program in 2008 or 2009, Mr. O’Neill testified, the FBI checks biometric fingerprint information in its database, NCIC—which includes biometric data sent by local law enforcement agencies such as the Philadelphia Police Department—against the biometric information in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) database, known as IDENT. (Id. 131:19; 158:24-159:12). If there is a match, the FBI informs ICE that an individual was arrested and that there was an IDENT match. (Id. 159:15-18). Mr. O’Neill testified that ICE receives this information within an hour after fingerprints are sent to the FBI by the arresting agency. (Day 3 Tr. 81:15-82:2). The majority of the information in IDENT comes from encounters with various parts of DHS, such as applying for a visa. (Day 2 Tr. 154:21-155:2; 157:10-14). Thus, someone who crossed the border illegally, and had no prior encounters with law enforcement, would not have biometric information in IDENT. (Id. 132:14-17).
When asked about the relationship between the Philadelphia ICE office and City government, Mr. O’Neill described a good relationship at the officer level, but “not very good” relations between the respective “management.” (Day 2 Tr. 162:23-25). Mr. O’Neill testified that relations had been better prior to former Mayor Nutter’s original Executive Order. (Id. 163:5-6). He testified to being aware of Mayor Kenney’s Executive Order 5-16—which, he testified, then-DHS Secretary Jeh Johnson had traveled to Philadelphia to try to persuade Mayor
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Kenney to change. (Day 3 Tr. 97:7-18). Mr. O’Neill testified to being unfamiliar with various other City policies, such as the exception to the police department confidentiality policy for criminal suspects. (Id. 103:15-104:9).
a) ICE Access to City Data Previously, ICE received daily e-mails containing an “automated list of all the intake and…exit” from the City’s prison system, which contained individuals’ citizenship and place of birth. (Day 2 Tr. 147:14-148:10). After receiving the e-mails, Mr. O’Neill testified, ICE would compare the information against “checks” it had already done and individuals it had already encountered through PARS or Secure Communities, and if those individuals had not been encountered, ICE would try to identify them. (Id. 148:16-22). ICE stopped receiving the daily e-mails “about a year ago”; Mr. O’Neill assumed that the cessation had to do with Mayor Kenney’s Executive Order, but had not reached out to the City about resuming the e-mails. (Day 2 Tr. 150:14-19; Day 3 Tr. 23:19). Mr. O’Neill testified that ICE has access to PARS, the City’s real-time database, which tracks individuals through the process of the criminal system. (Day 2 Tr. 133:3-4). Mr. O’Neill testified that PARS, which does not contain information on City prisons, contains an individual’s self-reported country of birth, and did not dispute Plaintiffs’ counsel that PARS listed whether someone is “awaiting release.” (Id. 133:24-25; Day 3 Tr. 10:6-14). A designation of “awaiting release” did not provide an exact time of release, Mr. O’Neill noted. (Day 3 Tr. 11:12-13). PARS does not automatically update ICE when someone not born in the United States is entered into PARS or proceeds to the next stage; rather, ICE has to look manually, and Mr. O’Neill testified that ICE checks PARS daily. (Day 2 Tr. 133:17-21; 146:12). Mr. O’Neill testified that the most useful piece of information from ICE’s point of view, is when ICE can use it to apprehend
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someone, and the City’s failure to provide that information “impair[ed] ICE’s mission.” (Id. 216:9-24). Although ICE has officers at the state prison intake center at Camp Hill, Mr. O’Neill testified that if a detainer does not follow an individual from the City, ICE must regenerate the detainer, resulting in duplicative work. (Day 3 Tr. 31:4-6; 98:15-17; 111:2-13).
b) Prisoner Interviews Mr. O’Neill testified to the importance of being able to interview inmates to determine whether they are removable and whether they might, for example, have medical issues that ICE might need to accommodate during detention. (Day 2 Tr. 218:3-9; 227:24-25). He testified that his office seeks to generate a detainer as soon as possible, and to lodge the detainer prior to an individual’s release. (Day 2 Tr. 165:5-11). Mr. O’Neill testified that, for this reason, ICE liked to interview individuals at the Police Detention Unit (PDU) at the Philadelphia Police Department because it is the first place they are taken after arrest, but estimated that 50% of individuals were released directly from the PDU. (Day 2 Tr. 165:1-166:1). In the past, ICE had regularly interviewed individuals at the PDU, but their ability to do so had been impeded by the issuance of the Gillespie Memo. (Id. 225:19-226:24). Mr. O’Neill also testified that the consent form instituted at the Department of Prisons had impeded ICE’s ability to interview inmates. (Id. 223:10). By contrast, the Federal Detention Center allows interviews, honors immigration detainers, and provides advance notice of release. (Day 2 Tr. 228:9-10; 230:16-23). When posed with a hypothetical about a visa over-stayer who was convicted of rape but sentenced to less than two years, Mr. O’Neill testified that ICE could not get a federal criminal warrant because there would be no crime to charge, and no court issues warrants for deportation proceedings, which are instead initiated by a notice to appear. (Id. 170:3-171:18). When ICE seeks a federal criminal warrant—which it most often does for the crime of entry after
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deportation—it must first go through the U.S. Attorney’s Office and then get the warrant signed by a federal magistrate judge. (Id. 169:8-23). Mr. O’Neill provided an example in which ICE did not get a signed warrant for four days after lodging a detainer, but admitted on cross-examination that that had included a weekend. (Day 3 Tr. 100:11-101:5; 108-21-109:17).
c) Custody Transfer Mr. O’Neill described the process of custody transfer at a jail. Typically, ICE arranges a time with the local facility to take custody of an individual, sends two officers and a vehicle to a secure part of the facility, receives the individual’s belongings and medical records, possibly fills out some paperwork, switches handcuffs, and escorts the individual to a vehicle. (Day 2 Tr. 186:6-22). Mr. O’Neill stated that his office prefers to take custody of individuals at jails, because he considers it the safest and most efficient way to make the transfer. (Id. 186:1-5). Apprehending individuals in the field is a less “smooth operation,” such as if someone resists arrest or officers get into foot chases, and Mr. O’Neill was concerned about the risk of injury to officers. (Id. 213:25-214:8). ICE also sends more officers for apprehension of individuals in the field; if seeking entry to a house, ICE typically sends at least five officers. (Id. 211:17-22). Typically, if ICE has done surveillance, it will know when an individual leaves his home, such as to go to work, and will try to arrest individuals as they are leaving their homes. (Id. 210: 24-211:2). If ICE encounters other individuals who it has reason to believe may also be removable, it may apprehend those individuals as well. (Day 3 Tr. 64:6-14). However, pursuant to ICE’s sensitive locations policy, ICE does not apprehend individuals at churches, health facilities, or schools. (Id. 90:9-20). Mr. O’Neill testified that ICE might mistakenly have taken custody of U.S. citizens, but was not aware of any such instances. (Id. 64:24-65:1). Mr. O’Neill testified that one of his colleagues at the Philadelphia ICE office had received
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four or five “late-night” calls from Brian Abernathy that individuals were about to be released from City custody, which ICE regarded as “tips.” (Day 2 Tr. 202:13-21). On the basis of those tips, and based only on photographs of the individuals, ICE sent four or five officers to wait in cars outside City facilities after midnight to apprehend the individuals. (Id. 203:12-204:6).
Mr. O’Neill was adamant on direct examination that ICE “de-conflicts” with other law enforcement agencies regarding the addresses where ICE is planning to conduct operations, so as not to intrude on other law enforcement agencies’ operations. (Id. 214:9-11). However, he admitted on cross-examination that ICE had not informed the Philadelphia Police Department before Operation Cross-Check in early 2017 or major “targeted enforcement operations” in September 2017, which resulted in the apprehension by ICE of 255 and 107 individuals, respectively. (Day 3 Tr. 61:1-6; 61:16-62:11).
Mr. O’Neill admitted he was not aware of any data showing how the deportation of more immigrants from Philadelphia reduces the crime rate in the City. (Id. 57:8-11).
B. Findings of Fact 1. City Policies
1. On May 17, 2001, Philadelphia Police Commissioner John F. Timoney signed Memorandum 01-06, entitled “Departmental Policy Regarding Immigrants” (“Memorandum 0106”). (Joint Stipulation of Facts, ¶ 1).
2. Memoranda in the Philadelphia Police Department (“PPD”), like Memorandum 01-6, are “generated to deal with very specific issues” and “guide the actions or the manner in which” the police conducts themselves. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 2).
3. All Philadelphia Police Department sworn officers are trained on Police Department memoranda, including by receiving a physical copy of the policy from their local
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district and signing it. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 3). 4. Memorandum 01-06 was adopted, at least in part, to further the “policy” of
“encourag[ing]” all immigrants to use “City services without fear of any reprisals.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 4).
5. Memorandum 01-06 provides, in part, that “[t]he Police Department will preserve the confidentiality of all information regarding law abiding immigrants to the maximum extent permitted by law.” (directing that officers shall “safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding an immigrant”). (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 6 (quoting Memorandum 01-06)).
6. Memorandum 01-06 further provides that “police personnel will transmit such information [regarding immigration status] to federal immigration authorities only” when, among other instances, “[t]he immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity, including attempts to obtain public assistance benefits through the use of fraudulent documents.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 7 (quoting Memorandum 01-06)).
7. Memorandum 01-06 also states, in part, that “[s]worn members of the Police Department who obtain information on immigrants suspected of criminal activity will comply with normal crime reporting and investigating procedures” and that “[t]he Philadelphia Police Department will continue to cooperate with federal authorities in investigating and apprehending immigrants suspected of criminal activities.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 8 (quoting Memorandum 01-06)).
8. The routine arrest and prosecution procedures for an undocumented immigrant in Philadelphia are no different from those for a person with legal immigration status. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 9).

9.

On November 10, 2009, Mayor Michael A. Nutter signed Executive Order No. 8-

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09, entitled Policy Concerning Access of Immigrants to City Services (“Confidentiality Order”). (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 10).
10. The Confidentiality Order instructs that “[n]o City officer or employee shall disclose confidential information” regarding immigration status, except where the subject has authorized the disclosure, where disclosure is required by law, or where “the individual to whom such information pertains is suspected by such officer or employee or such officer’s or employee’s agency of engaging in criminal activity (other than mere status as an undocumented alien).” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 11 (quoting Confidentiality Order)).
11. The Confidentiality Order also contains directives for City officers and employees regarding inquiries about immigration status. For police officers, the Confidentiality Order instructs that officers “shall not . . . inquire about a person’s immigration status, unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime (other than mere status as an undocumented alien).” Further, police officers are instructed not to inquire about the immigration status of “crime victims, witnesses, or others who call or approach the police seeking help.” For other City employees, the Confidentiality Order directs that they shall not “inquire about a person’s immigration status,” unless “immigration status is legally required for the determination of program, service or benefit eligibility or the provision of services,” or unless the inquiry is “required by law.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 13 (quoting Confidentiality Order)).
12. At the same time, the Confidentiality Order does not prohibit City employees from requesting immigration status information from the federal government. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 14).
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2. City Law Enforcement Practices 13. On January 4, 2016, Mayor Jim Kenney signed Executive Order 5-16, titled “Policy Regarding U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency Detainer Requests.” (“Detainer Order II”). (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 20). 14. Detainer Order II states that, for people in the “custody of the City,” no “notice of his or her pending release [shall] be provided, unless such person is being released after conviction for a first or second degree felony involving violence and the detainer is supported by a judicial warrant.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 21 (quoting Detainer Order II)). 15. A March 22, 2017 memorandum sent from First Deputy Managing Director Brian Abernathy to the Philadelphia Prisons Commissioner states that Detainer Order II did not alter the City’s past practice of complying with any criminal judicial warrant presented. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 22). When ICE sends a notification request supported by a judicial criminal warrant of any type, the City provides advance notification of release. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 22, City Submission). 16. Out of the 164 ICE detainers issued to the City between January 1, 2016 and January 18, 2018, six detainers were accompanied by a criminal arrest warrant signed by a district court or magistrate judge; the remainder were not. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 23). 17. An immigration detainer, DHS Form I-247A, includes a request to: “Notify DHS as early as practicable (at least 48 hours, if possible) before the alien is released from your custody.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 26 (quoting DHS Form 1-247A, available at: https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2017/I-247A.pdf.)). 18. An immigration detainer, DHS Form I-247A, is often issued in conjunction with an administrative immigration warrant, as distinct from a judicial warrant. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 27),
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see, U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement Policy No. 10074.2 ¶¶ 2.4, 5.2, available at: https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2017/10074-2.pdf.).
However, there is no “data” suggesting any link between “immigrants and crime” in Philadelphia; to the contrary, when it comes to crime statistics overall, the PPD is most “concerned” with “people who were born and raised in Philadelphia.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 28, City Submission).
3. Prison Access In May 2017, the Philadelphia Department of Prisons implemented a new protocol providing that ICE be given access to interview an inmate in one of the City’s detention facilities only after the inmate consents in writing to that interview. To implement this protocol, the Philadelphia Department of Prisons created a “consent form” to be provided to any inmate whom ICE seeks to interview. The consent form states that “[ICE] wants to interview you,” that “[y]ou have the right to agree or to refuse this interview,” and that “[y]ou may request to have an attorney present during any interview.” The consent form also states that “[y]ou have the right to remain silent” and that “[a]nything you say may be used against you in criminal and/or immigration proceedings.” (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 30).
4. Information Sharing 19. As a part of routine police practice, the City regularly shares information about the identity of all criminal suspects with the federal government through the use of at least three databases: (1) the National Criminal Information Center (“NCIC”) database, managed by the FBI; (2) the Preliminary Arraignment System (“PARS”) database, managed by the First Judicial District, the District Attorney’s Office, and the PPD; and (3) the Next Generation Identification “NGI,” formerly Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“AFIS”), managed by the FBI.
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(J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 33). 20. Philadelphia police officers use the NCIC database in their regular day-to-day
criminal law enforcement activities. PPD officers are trained to run an NCIC “look-up” for all individuals subjected to investigative detention by the police, to determine if they are subject to an outstanding arrest warrant. If the officer is able to collect the person’s date of birth and license plate information, NCIC protocols mandate that that information is to be entered into NCIC as part of a query. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 34).
21. PARS gives real-time sharing of the identities of all individuals arrested by Philadelphia police directly to the District’s attorney’s Office. The database is owned by the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Police Department, and the Philadelphia District Attorney. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 35).
22. ICE pays for access to PARS under an end-user license agreement. The licensing fee agreement with ICE excludes the sharing of information on victims and witnesses, but ICE receives information reported to the City by all other arrestees, including their full names, birth countries, locations of arrest, and detention status (i.e., whether they are awaiting bail). (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 36).
23. At the time of a suspect’s arrest, his or her fingerprints are inputted into Philadelphia’s AFIS platform. AFIS feeds automatically into Pennsylvania’s identification bureau and then to the FBI. Philadelphia’s AFIS fingerprint entries are entered by the FBI into Next Generation Identification (“NGI”)—a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI, similar to the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (“IAFIS”)—and then compared to information already contained in the system to look for matches. These Philadelphia fingerprint entries are also fed into the Automated Biometric
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Identification System (“IDENT”)—a DHS-wide system for storing and processing biometric data for national security and border management purposes. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 37).
24. ICE has access to all of this information, including information contained in IDENT. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 37, City Submission).
a. DHS’s Automated Biometric Identification System (“IDENT”) is the “central DHS- wide system for the storage and processing of biometric and associated biographic information for national security, law enforcement, immigration and border management, intelligence, and background investigation purposes.” (Def. Findings of Fact, ¶ 4 (quoting R&R at 9)).
b. IDENT has relevant information for only a subset of potentially removable aliens. If someone crosses a United States border illegally, and has not previously had an encounter with the government, there would not be any biometric information for that individual to match against in IDENT. (Def.’s FF, ¶ 5).
c. When Philadelphia police officers submit fingerprint information for aliens they arrest and those fingerprints are run through law enforcement databases, there would not be a match in IDENT for individuals who crossed a border illegally and who had not previously had an encounter with the government. Accordingly, ICE would not be made aware via IDENT that the person had been arrested by the City. (Def.’s FF, ¶ 6). 25. The City records a prisoner’s address in the PARS database upon detention. An
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address collected upon a prisoner’s release may differ from such an address as might earlier have

been collected by City police and reported in the PARS database. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 39).

26. The address a prisoner states is not ordinarily verified.

27. PARS [Philadelphia’s Preliminary Arraignment System] –

a. PARS contains self-reported information as to an

individual’s country of birth. PARS does not show citizenship

status. Individuals do not always accurately report their country of

birth. (Def.’s FF, ¶ 8).

b.

PARS does not automatically alert ICE that the City

has arrested someone born in a foreign country; instead, ICE has to

manually check PARS. Nor does PARS send ICE alerts as an

individual is moving through the criminal process. Accordingly,

ICE has to manually check the PARS database on a daily basis. It

is resource-intensive for ICE to monitor PARS in this manner.

(Def.’s FF, ¶ 9).

c.

PARS does not contain any information about the

release of individuals from City prisons. (Def.’s FF, ¶ 10).

d. PARS does not provide advance notice identifying

when an individual will be released from police custody. (Def.’s

FF, ¶ 11).

28. NCIC – widely used by federal, state and local law enforcement officers – provides

instantaneous internet access to an individual’s criminal record, if any, that may or may not include

information about whether the individual is a citizen or otherwise an illegal alien:

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a. The NCIC protocol for the Immigration Violator File, developed by the FBI, states that if an encountering agency gets a “hit” for a suspected wanted individual, but the agency has “no other reason for detaining the subject,” “appropriate procedures will depend on whether state or local laws permit detainment and/or arrest.” The NCIC protocol further provides for notice to ICE if the whereabouts of the person are known and the “person inquired upon appears to be identical with the subject of an ICE record.” The City follows this protocol, and police officers appropriately notify ICE upon obtaining a hit for an immigration violator file. (Plaintiff’s Findings of Fact, ¶ 18). 29. Lock and Track: a. The City collects self-reported citizenship information from inmates upon admission to a PPS facility, as required by Pennsylvania state law. This information is stored in a PPS database called Lock and Track. (Pl.’s FF¶ 14).
b. From 2004 through 2016, the City provided ICE with the self-reported citizenship information stored in Lock and Track in a daily email report. ICE first reached out to the City by letter in 2004, asking for this type of information in a data dump. The City stopped sending the report in 2016 because the City believed ICE had stopped using the information the City provided. After the City stopped sending the email report, the City heard no
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complaints or requests from ICE. No one from ICE contacted Brian Abernathy, First Deputy Managing Director of the City’s Managing Director’s Office, to restart its access until this litigation ensued, nor did ICE otherwise request the emails to resume, Rather, two years after the City stopped sending emails, ICE has now stated that it “was waiting for this hearing to be concluded before we proceeded with anything.” (Pl.’s FF¶ 15).
c. Without a request from ICE, the City informed the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) on May 9, 2018 that it is prepared to provide the ICE Philadelphia Field Office with information in Lock and Track, including self-reported citizenship information. (Pl.’s FF¶ 16).
d. When the City receives detainers from ICE, the PPS logs them into Lock and Track, and the detainer is placed in the inmate’s “jacket” or file. (“[T]he form itself would be filed within … the prisoner’s file, as well as they would be marked within the prison’s computer system so that they would recognize that a detainer had been filed.”). If an inmate is transferred to another facility, including a state facility, it is the policy of the City of Philadelphia that the detainer follows the inmate. ICE’s Philadelphia Field Office has separate ways of tracking the individuals who are booked into Pennsylvania’s prisons— including individuals transferred from the PPS to state
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custody—and typically serves subsequent detainers on transferees. (Pl.’s FF¶ 17). 5. City Supports Cooperation with all Law Enforcement Agencies 30. The City of Philadelphia has historically, fully cooperated with all federal law enforcement agencies, including ICE. The Philadelphia policies as shown above have led to the result that Philadelphia agencies, including police, generally don’t know whether a person who was arrested, or was a victim, or who seeks help (social help, etc.) is a citizen or, if not a citizen, whether they are lawfully in the United States, or, under federal government statutes or regulations, are considered unlawfully present. Stated colloquially, in jargon, the City “doesn’t have a clue.” 31. In the course of the investigation of a crime, there are no City policies which prevent the City asking or otherwise determining a suspect’s citizenship or immigration status, or sharing that information with any other state or federal law enforcement agency, including ICE. However, if the City does not have that information, obviously the City is not in a position to share it with anyone. A criminal investigation may require the City to seek out informants, conduct surveillance, use electronic means, or, if necessary under the law, secure a search warrant with court approval, and alien status of an individual suspect may be relevant in doing so. The City does not place any restriction on the nature or extent of the investigation of crime, including with respect to the immigration status of those under investigation for committing crime. The City itself will determine, in cooperation with other law enforcement agencies, what strategic investigative means and methods are going to be the most useful. The City will cooperate and assist with all other law enforcement agencies in doing so.
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32. Inconsistencies in practice that occurred from time to time between the police and the managing director’s office, or with the police PDU, are not significant. Philadelphia has over 6,000 police officers. None of them are perfect and mistakes will be made. As in all large organizations, communications may be misspoken or misunderstood, and human error is not unusual. The City supports a logical system that preserves the legitimate functions of ICE, the City’s policies, and public safety, along with respect for law enforcement, all recognizing the United States and Pennsylvania Constitution and laws deserve respect.
33. ICE has presented evidence that at least on one occasion, after the City declined to honor an immigration detainer or notification request and the subject individual was released back into the community, that individual subsequently committed a crime. The City acknowledges that Juan Vasquez, a.k.a. Ramon Aguirre-Ochoa—for whom ICE had lodged a detainer—was released from the custody of the Philadelphia Department of Prisons in 2015 upon entry of a nolle prosequi, and subsequently rearrested and charged in 2016 for an unrelated offense, where he pled guilty to rape of a child and unlawful contact with a minor – sexual offenses. He was transferred to a state correctional institution in March 2017, where he is serving an eight- to twenty-year sentence. (J. Stip. Facts, ¶ 28).
34. There was extensive testimony about City policies with regard to a person who may be considered under federal law a “criminal alien,” or who the City knows is not a citizen but has been convicted of a first or second degree felony.
a. The vast majority of the detainers the City receives from ICE relate to inmates with no prior felony convictions. Out of the 164 detainers received from ICE between April 2016 and January 2018, only 27 related to individuals with prior felony convictions. Several of those convictions are 34

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for non-violent offenses such as criminal trespass and retail theft. (Pl.’s FF, ¶ 24). b. Approximately 82% of inmates in Philadelphia’s prison system are in a pre-trial posture. Almost all of the inmates against whom ICE lodges detainers are in a pre-trial posture. Many of these individuals are then released without any advance notice by “court order” because they post bail, or the charges against them are dropped or they are found not guilty. From January 2016 through August 2017, only three detainers that ICE lodged with the City related to inmates actually serving a sentence at the time ICE had lodged the detainer. (Pl.’s FF, ¶ 25). 35. After the development of Executive Order 5-16, the City added an additional opportunity for the federal government to effectuate custody of an individual in the custody of City prisons, whether untried, tried but not sentenced, or sentenced, through what the City termed a “judicial warrant.” 36. Public safety, and the safety of law enforcement officers involved in the transfer of an individual who qualifies as a criminal alien, and is subject to detention by ICE, should take place in a controlled environment rather than in a public space or private home. 37. Ample evidence in the record establishes that the City’s policies of community policing and smart policing allow the City to be more effective in reducing crime, and providing social services to Philadelphia citizens, than it could be in the absence of these policies. (Pl.’s FF, ¶ 54-59, 60, 68). These policies are well within the City’s discretion to implement.
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38. The Court finds that the City’s description of smart policing is more accurate than the DOJ’s suggested findings asserting that smart policing is not an effective law enforcement technique and policy.
6. City Practices Re: ICE Request for Advance Notice of Release 1. During the testimony of various witnesses, questions were raised about the reach of the City’s policies vis-à-vis ICE policies, with regard to individuals who may qualify as “criminal aliens” and are in City custody, and assuming for present discussion purposes, have already been convicted of a felony and have also been sentenced and are serving the sentence. 2. As to untried prisoners, who are in prison because they are charged with first degree murder and under state law are not entitled to bail, because they are unable to make bail, because of a detainer from another jurisdiction, e.g., because of a probation violation, etc., or because they have been found guilty but have not been sentenced, there is no release date. Federal judges frequently sign detention orders warranted by the denial of bail under 18 U.S.C. § 3142, and also by signing an order prepared by the probation department which acts as a detainer for a person who is in violation of probation or supervised release, and is already in custody in another prison, whether city, state or federal. 3. With respect to the definition of “criminal alien,”3 for present purposes we exclude some of the categories in the federal statute which are questionable, from a constitutional point of view, as considering “criminal” – the principal category being “drug addicts.”
3 The Court uses the term “criminal alien” as a “shorthand” for an individual who has been convicted of a felony and who, as established by evidence, is not lawfully in the United States and is subject to removal. The Court notes that the statutory basis of this designation, 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c), is broader, as it includes individuals who have not been convicted of a felony, or who may be “drug addicts.” An amicus brief submitted by a group of “Immigration Law Scholars” provides significant detail about the legislative history of some of the statutes at issue in this case, including Section 1226(c). This brief
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4. The City has no obligation to seek or receive citizenship information from any person in City custody. When the City does receive citizenship information of a City prisoner, it is self-reported and not verified.
5. ICE has access to the names of City prisoners, but was vague with regard to how it determines which prisoners are subject to removal as criminal aliens or otherwise. From evidence in the record, including the forthcoming contents of the Lock and Track data, the Court concludes that there will be some information available to ICE when a City prisoner is not a citizen, and has been convicted of a felony and sentenced, and therefore there is a release date; this person qualifies as a “criminal alien” and is thus subject to removal proceedings.
6. All Executive Branch administrations in recent decades have made removal of criminal aliens a priority – perhaps with different emphasis, but it has always been the number one priority for removal from the U.S.
7. Conclusory Findings of Fact 1. The record shows the City of Philadelphia, in general, has no knowledge whether a person is or is not a citizen. The only major exception applies if these facts have been secured in the context of a criminal investigation. The City also has no knowledge, as to non-citizens’ immigration status. 2. Even though this Court was tasked with determining whether any evidence justified the JAG conditions, Defendant presented very little evidence showing how ICE knows that a person is subject to removal. If the person entered the United States illegally “without
criticizes use of the term “criminal alien” as not being specifically defined by Congress, and having loose applications throughout the years. As noted above, this Court uses this phrase as a generic description of individuals who face removal because they have felony convictions. The Court recognizes that various statutes and Executive Branch promulgations have sought to expand application of the term “criminal alien” beyond the application of that term in this opinion.
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inspection,” there is no written record of their being in the U.S. If a person is questioned, and states they were born in the U.S., the record does not show how ICE can prove otherwise. The only exception in the record is if one of the databases reviewed above discloses facts to allow ICE to infer the person is an alien. The record contains no facts of how often, in Philadelphia, this occurs.
a. One exception where ICE would have knowledge, if a non-citizen had a visa, ICE would have a record and would be able to identify this individual and prove that the visa has expired. However, removal of visa overstayers has not, for decades, been a priority of ICE to initiate removal proceedings.
3. ICE has not produced any evidence to dispute Philadelphia’s contention that it does not have knowledge of the citizenship of a particular individual or, if not a citizen, what an individual’s immigration status is.
a. If a person comes in contact with a City office and happens to state he or she was born the United States but this is false, the record does not show how ICE can prove that the person was born outside the United States.
4. Although ICE has access to the names of City prisoners, which includes a self-reported place of birth, the record does not show how ICE can identify with any kind of certainty, or at least “probable cause,” that specific individuals in prison are not citizens, are subject to removal, and therefore may be subject to detention pending removal proceedings.
5. Since the record establishes that the City generally does not have citizenship or immigration status knowledge, and that ICE often does not have it either, this lack of knowledge undermines the entire utility of the JAG conditions at the heart of this case. The record also
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allows a conclusion that §1373 is not applicable, because the City simply does not have the type of information §1373 encompasses.
6. The City’s policies were adopted in good faith and are a reasonable and lawful exercise of authority by the City. All City policies have been established by credible and corroborated testimony of City’s witnesses and documents.
7. The City’s evidence is not contradicted by the Defendant. 8. Defendant did not introduce any evidence of any constitutional, or congressionally stated objection, to the wisdom of City policies. 9. President Trump’s and Attorney General Sessions’ statements attempting to justify the federal government’s policies on so-called “sanctuary cities” and in support of the JAG conditions, are inaccurate and not applicable as to Philadelphia. 10. ICE official O’Neill testified credibly as to ICE’s policies and practices, both nationwide and within the City of Philadelphia. However, he did not provide any testimony to justify the application of the JAG conditions to Philadelphia. His testimony, in part, supports the City’s contention that it substantially complies with the JAG conditions. 11. Despite a request by the Court that Defendant call a witness employed by the Philadelphia United States Attorney’s Office to testify about Philadelphia practices, vis-à-vis the functioning of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania United States Attorney’s Office, Defendant refused to do so. The Court will not consider this refusal as warranting inferences against the Defendant. However, the lack of any local testimony by a member of the federal prosecutor’s office is a void in the record.
a. In view of other findings, if Defendant intends to request advance notice of release of a criminal alien, it must involve the United States Attorney’s Office in the 39

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continued cooperation with the City by processing ICE requests for approval of judicial orders for continued detention of criminal aliens when being transferred from City to ICE custody, in a secured environment. 12. The Court’s findings on irreparable harm in the preliminary injunction opinion, are still valid, and have been updated by trial testimony by Ross, Abernathy and Gladstein on usage of the JAG funds as filling necessary needs of the City that are not provided by current appropriated revenues to the City such as: a. Non-personnel costs of the police department; or b. Narcan needs. 13. Assuming alternatively that Section 1373 is valid as applied to the City: a. As to the prisoner access, the City’s policies are valid in that the City does not completely bar ICE access but only gives inmates the opportunity to refuse to speak to an ICE representative, and also to request representation by counsel at the time of the interview. These are reasonable. An individual does not have any obligation to speak to an ICE representative if he/she does not want to do so. Also, unless knowingly waived, the prisoner may have the right to have counsel present. A prisoner is under no obligation to speak to an ICE representative, whose intent is to seek removal of the individual, and quite likely to secure incriminating statements from the prisoner. In this sense, the removal process, although not strictly a criminal process, may result in very severe consequences -- removal from the United States. This “interview” may result in detention pending removal, along with separation from family, friends, occupation, property, and other human rights.
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14. With regard to the advance notice of release condition, the Court concludes new procedures are necessary, see discussion below.
15. The Court finds that the City complies or substantially applies with the JAG prisoner access and advance notice conditions and also Section 1373, if it applies. The City policies are designed to ensure individuals’ constitutional rights are protected. The City assumes great risk if it violates individuals’ civil rights, which would, inter alia, subject the City to endless litigation and very expensive damage claims for violating civil rights of prisoners. IV. CITY’S MOTION FOR ADOPTION OF JUDGE STRAWBRIDGE’S REPORT
AND RECOMMENDATION Following the issuance of the Preliminary Injunction, on January 18, 2018 the Court appointed Magistrate Judge David R. Strawbridge as a Special Master pursuant to Rule 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (ECF 88). The order appointing Judge Strawbridge indicated that he was to meet with the parties to discuss the practices of the City and of the DOJ relating to the three conditions at issue, and particularly as concerning “criminal aliens.” Judge Strawbridge submitted the Special Master’s Report and Recommendation on April 13, 2018. (ECF 154). Rule 53 states that “[i]n acting on a master’s order, report, or recommendations, the court must give the parties notice and an opportunity to be heard; may receive evidence; and may adopt or affirm, modify, wholly or partly reject or reverse, or resubmit to the master with instructions.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 53(f)(1). It further states that “[t]he court must decide de novo all objections to findings of fact made or recommended by a master,” and “must decide de novo all objections to conclusions of law made or recommended by a master.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 53(f)(3)-(4). See, e.g., In re Constar International Inc. Securities Litigation, 585 F.3d 774 (3d Cir. 2009). Over the course of several months from January to April, 2018, Judge Strawbridge held discussions with the parties, in person, over the phone, and by exchange of letters, for the purpose
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of reviewing the details of the complex factual issues central to the case, specifically, the City’s criminal justice policies as they relate to the three new conditions imposed on the receipt of JAG funds. This Court viewed these discussions partly as negotiations for a potential settlement or potential for some level of compromise between the parties on particular policies that lie at the heart of the conflict in this case. No such compromise or settlement materialized. These discussions also served the purpose of discovery in this case and enabled the exchange of information between the parties so as to allow more specific evidence to emerge at trial.
The City filed a motion requesting this Court to adopt in substantial part the Special Master’s Report and Recommendation on April 20, 2018. (ECF 166, 1). The DOJ filed a Response to the Court’s Memorandum regarding the Special Master’s Report on April 26, 2016 arguing that the Court should permit a full airing of the facts at trial and objecting to the adoption of the report and recommendation into the trial record. (ECF 183).
This Court has basically adopted, in the above findings, Judge Strawbridge’s perceptive analysis of important issues in this case, and has taken testimony on these issues and has made findings. Judge Strawbridge’s meeting with the parties and this report and recommendation has been very helpful on the following issues:
1. Discussion of databases available to the City and ICE (pp. 6-14). 2. Details regarding ICE detainer forms and practices (pp. 15-18). 3. ICE practices in federal prisons (pp. 19-20). 4. Details regarding ICE prison access (pp. 21-23). 5. Section 1373 issues (pp. 23-25). Recommendations – Judge Strawbridge made two very important recommendations as follows:
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1. The City’s Lock and Track database should be made available to ICE. As the Court reviews above, the testimony showed that the City had previously provided this database to ICE, which apparently did not use it very much; in any event, the City has now agreed to make it fully available and the Court finds that this is further evidence of City “compliance” with the JAG conditions.
2. Transfer of custody of criminal aliens should be in a controlled environment. The City has adopted this recommendation with the modification in the City’s policies set forth above, that upon receipt of a judicial order, which will be easy for the Defendants to implement if they are serious about wanting to take custody of criminal aliens in a controlled environment, the City will allow ICE access to City prisoners.
The Court reviewed the parties’ objections in detail in a prior Memorandum (ECF 170), and that discussion need not be repeated here. Taking into consideration the full record available to the Court at this point, including the fact that the Preliminary Injunction transcript is fully incorporated into the trial record, the fact that full opportunity was given to both parties to expound upon any of the issues from the report and recommendation at trial, and the fact that all of the topics covered in the report and recommendation were discussed at trial, the Court will adopt the findings made in the report and recommendation because they are consistent with and not directly contradicted by any other record evidence.
The City objected to the adoption of findings regarding David O’Neill’s statements during the discussions with Judge Strawbridge as they were not made under oath. In light of that objection the Court directed the DOJ to present testimony under oath from David O’Neill at trial. As Assistant Director O’Neill did then testify at trial, on virtually all of the same topics that he had discussed with Judge Strawbridge, this objection is moot. The Court will consider Mr. O’Neill’s
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statements to Judge Strawbridge in conjunction with Mr. O’Neill’s testimony at trial. As the Court noted in its earlier Memorandum, the DOJ also makes certain objections that are similarly resolved by Mr. O’Neill’s trial testimony on all of the topics he discussed with Judge Strawbridge. As to the rest of the DOJ’s and the City’s objections, they largely reflect the argumentative stances of both parties rather than identifying any actual flaws in Judge Strawbridge’s observations and conclusions. Moreover, many of the points raised by both parties are assuaged by trial testimony that further clarified outstanding questions resulting from the report and recommendation. Adopting the findings from the report and recommendation into the trial record is useful for the context that it provides. Judge Strawbridge’s findings were, across the board, appropriate, well substantiated conclusions from the discussions that he held, and will be adopted for their value in filling out the other record sources in this case. V. CROSS-MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AS TO COUNTS I-III
Plaintiff’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment sought entry of a permanent injunction enjoining the DOJ from attaching all three Challenged Conditions to the City’s FY 2017 JAG award. (ECF 157). Specifically, the motion sought summary judgment as to Counts I, II, and III of the Amended Complaint, while allege violations of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) on the grounds that the DOJ’s decision to impose the Challenged Conditions: (I) constituted ultra vires conduct not authorized by Congress in the underlying statute; (II) violated the Constitution’s separation-of-powers principles; and, (III) constituted arbitrary and capricious agency action.
Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment sought a ruling that all six counts of Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint failed as a matter of law. (ECF 155).
On April 27, 2018, just prior to the start of trial, the Court denied Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to Counts I, II, III of the Amended Complaint, and granted Plaintiff’s
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Motion for Partial Summary Judgment as to the Access and Notice Conditions, finding them invalid as a matter of law. (ECF 185). However, the Court reserved any ruling on the issues of irreparable harm and relief until all trial evidence and post-hearing arguments were presented.
A. Parties’ Contentions In its Motion for Summary Judgment, Defendant contends that the City has failed to identify any final agency action, because the DOJ has not yet acted on the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application and, in any event, there is an administrative reconsideration process to be followed before final disapproval. Defendant further contends that the City’s ultra vires and separation of powers claims fails because the Challenged Conditions are authorized by the “capacious delegations of authority” contained in 34 U.S.C. §§ 10102(a)(6) and 10153(a)(5)(D). Finally, the DOJ contends that the Challenged Conditions are not arbitrary and capricious because the purposes of the JAG funds (i.e., crime prevention, control, and reduction) are rationally advanced by facilitating federal access to aliens suspected of violating state or local criminal laws. In Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment, the City asserts that the DOJ took final agency action when it announced its decision to impose the Challenged Conditions. Then, the City claims that the DOJ acted ultra vires because neither 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) nor § 10153(a) contains a grant of authority to the DOJ to impose the Challenged Conditions. Moreover, the City contends that the DOJ violated the separation of powers doctrine by using the unauthorized conditions to deny localities their congressionally appropriated Byrne JAG funds. Finally, the City argues that the decision to impose the Challenged Conditions was arbitrary and capricious because the administrative record provides no satisfactory explanation for the DOJ’s decision to deviate from its prior practice of imposing only non-substantive conditions to Byrne JAG grants. For reasons stated below, the Court will grant Plaintiff’s Motion for Partial Summary
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Judgment, but deny Defendant’s Motion. B. Relevant Standards 1. Rule 56 Standard A district court should grant a motion for summary judgment if the movant can show “that
there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). A dispute is “genuine” if “the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). A factual dispute is “material” if it “might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Id.
A party seeking summary judgment always bears the initial responsibility for informing the district court of the basis for its motion and identifying those portions of the record that it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). Where the non-moving party bears the burden of proof on a particular issue at trial, the moving party’s initial burden can be met simply by “pointing out to the district court . . . that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party's case.” Id. at 325. After the moving party has met its initial burden, the adverse party's response must, “by citing to particular parts of materials in the record” set out specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(A). “Speculation and conclusory allegations do not satisfy [the non-moving party’s] duty.” Ridgewood Bd. of Educ. V. N.E. ex rel. M.E., 172 F.3d 238, 252 (3d Cir. 1999). Summary judgment is appropriate if the non-moving party fails to rebut by making a factual showing “that a genuine issue of material fact exists and that a reasonable factfinder could rule in its favor.” Id. Under Rule 56, the Court must view the evidence presented on the motion in the light most favorable to the opposing party. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255.
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2. Administrative Procedure Act Under the APA, a district court must hold unlawful and set aside agency action if it is:
(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law;
(B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity; or (C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short
of statutory right. 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)-(C).
C. Violation of the APA through Ultra Vires Conduct Not Authorized by Congress in the Underlying Statute (Count I) This Court has previously detailed six distinct reasons why the Access and Notice Conditions exceed the authority delegated by Congress in 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), and were therefore ultra vires. See City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 616. In fact, this ultra vires argument was the basis for the Seventh Circuit’s affirmance of a nationwide injunction against the imposition of the Access and Notice Conditions.
1. City of Chicago v. Sessions – 7th Circuit Decision Prior to the initiation of the Philadelphia litigation, the City of Chicago, which had enacted a “Welcoming City Ordinance” as part of its municipal code, filed suit challenging the imposition of the Challenged Conditions attached to Byrne JAG funding. The arguments in the Chicago litigation in many ways parallel those at issue in the Philadelphia case, and Chicago, like Philadelphia, sought preliminary injunctive relief in federal court. See City of Chicago v. Sessions, 264 F. Supp. 3d 933 (N.D. Ill. 2017). In this Court’s prior opinion, that district court’s opinion was summarized in great detail, and a full summary is not warranted here. Since then, however, the Seventh Circuit has affirmed the preliminary injunction. City of Chicago v. Sessions, 888 F.3d 272 (7th Cir. 2018).
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All three judges on the Seventh Circuit panel agreed that the Chicago was likely to succeed on the merits of its claims that the Attorney General lacked authority under the authorizing statute to impose substantive conditions on Byrne grants, 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151-58, and thus acted ultra vires in imposing the Notice and Access conditions. Id.4 In dissent, one Judge objected to the nationwide effect of the District Court’s preliminary injunction, but otherwise agreed with the merits of the preliminary injunction.
The majority opinion characterized the “core issue” as “whether Congress granted to the Assistant Attorney General (“AAG”) the unbounded authority to impose his or her own conditions on the release of the Byrne JAG funds” pursuant to 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6), which sets forth the “duties and functions” of the AAG, “including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.” Id. at 283. The AAG’s interpretation of that “including” clause as a “stand-alone grant of authority . . . to attach any conditions to any grants,” was, according to the majority, “obviously belied by [its] plain meaning.” Id. at 285. Moreover, an interpretation “that would allow the [AAG] to impose any conditions on the grants at will [] is inconsistent with the goal of the statute to support the needs of law enforcement while providing flexibility to state and local governments.” Id. Therefore, such an interpretation is “at odds with the nature of the Byrne JAG grant, which is a formula grant rather than a discretionary grant.” Id.
Although the Seventh Circuit declined to rest its affirmance on any other grounds, the majority opinion noted that the DOJ’s argument “might fail for an additional reason, that the term ‘special conditions’ is a term of art referring to conditions for high-risk grantees . . . and cannot be
4 The Seventh Circuit’s majority opinion also noted that the term “sanctuary city” is a misnomer, because Chicago, like other so-called “sanctuary” jurisdictions, “does not interfere in any way with the federal government’s lawful pursuit of its civil immigration activities” and thus no person is “immunize[d] . . . to the reach of the federal government. City of Chicago v. Sessions, 888 F.3d at 281 (citing City of Philadelphia, 280 F.Supp.3d at 591, 602).
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read as an unbounded authority.” Id. at 285 n. 2 (citing this Court’s holding in City of Philadelphia, 280 F.Supp.3d at 617).
Thus, in affirming the district court, the Seventh Circuit affirmed the nationwide preliminary injunction as to the Access and Notice Conditions, finding, inter alia, that the City of Chicago was likely to succeed on the merits of its claim that the Attorney General acted beyond his statutory authority.
2. Prior opinion of this Court: the Challenged Conditions are Ultra Vires Based on a similar approach, this Court had previously reached the same conclusion. See City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 616. Because the DOJ has presented no argument, beyond those previously considered by the Court at the Preliminary Injunction stage, which dictates a different result, the Court reaches the same result now: the Access and Notice Conditions exceed the authority delegated by Congress in 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6).5 D. Violation of Constitutional Separation of Powers (Count II) Similarly, this Court had occasion to consider the parties’ contentions with respect to Count II, concluding that the DOJ’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions violated the constitutional principle of separation of powers. Id. at 639-47. Again, the DOJ has presented no argument, beyond those previously considered by the Court at the Preliminary Injunction stage, which dictates a different result as to Counts I and II at the present stage. All three Challenged Conditions violate the constitutional principle of separation of powers.
5 As for whether Section 1373 may be considered an “applicable Federal law” within the meaning of 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D), the Court reiterates its opinion that Section 1373 may be authorized by that subsection, but declines to rest its decision to grant relief on this ground because Section 1373 is independently unconstitutional under the Tenth Amendment, and in any event, the City of Philadelphia substantially complies with its requirements. See City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 619.
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E. Violation of the APA through Arbitrary and Capricious Agency Action (Count III) Count III of the Amended Complaint alleges that the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions is arbitrary and capricious, and therefore violates the APA, because it deviates from past agency policy without reasoned explanation or justification. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 132–35). The APA requires this Court to “hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A). Under Supreme Court precedent, the key issue is whether the agency “examine[d] the relevant data and articulate[d] a satisfactory explanation for its action including a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.” Motor Vehicle Mfrs. Ass’n of U.S., Inc. v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 43 (1983); accord Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC. 373 F.3d 372, 389-90 (3d Cir. 2004). An agency’s departure from prior practice can serve as a basis for finding an agency’s interpretation to be arbitrary and capricious, so long as the change in policy constitutes an “unexplained inconsistency.” Nat’l Cable & Telecomms. Ass’n v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967, 981 (2005); see also Motor Vehicles Mfrs. Ass’n v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. 29, 42–43; Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro, 136 S. Ct. 2117 (2016); FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 515 (2009). However, where Courts found that an agency’s policy shift were found to constitute an “unexplained inconsistency,” the agencies had an explicit rule in place, only to later issue the opposite rule with limited or no explanation. See, e.g., Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2123 (Department of Labor reversed its rule that service advisors at automobile dealers were exempt from overtime payments under the Fair Labor Standards Act, but
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“gave little explanation for its decision”); Motor Vehicles, 463 U.S. at 35 (“Briefly summarized, we hold that the agency failed to present an adequate basis and explanation for rescinding the passive restraint requirement and that the agency must either consider the matter further or adhere to or amend [the rule] along lines which its analysis supports.”). Importantly, an agency “need not demonstrate to a court’s satisfaction that the reasons for the new policy are better than the reasons for the old one . . . it suffices that the new policy is permissible under the statute . . . .” FCC, 556 U.S. at 515.
Nonetheless, “an agency must give adequate reasons for its decisions.” Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125. An agency’s action is not considered the result of “reasoned decision-making” when the agency:
1. “has relied on factors which Congress has not intended it to consider,” 2. “entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem,” 3. “offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before
the agency, or” 4. Provides a justification that “is so implausible that it could not be ascribed to a
difference in view or the product of agency expertise.” Id. (emphasis added).
Notably, a claim based on the “arbitrary and capricious” standard is accorded a “narrow standard of review” under which “a court is not to substitute its judgment for that of the agency.” FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 556 U.S. 502, 513–14 (2009).
At the preliminary injunction stage, the Department pointed to three public explanations to demonstrate that the DOJ provided adequate reasons for its decision to impose the Challenged Conditions. See City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 619-25. The DOJ’s Motion for Summary Judgment highlighted the same exact three items, along with a 2007 Audit Report issued by the Department’s Office of the Inspector General (ECF 156-4, “2007 OIG Report”). (See ECF
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155-1, at 17-21). Both parties agree that this Court should consult the Administrative Record (ECF 110) in
order to determine whether the DOJ’s decision to impose the Challenged Conditions was “arbitrary and capricious.”
1. The Administrative Record Defendant did not make the Administrative Record available to this Court at the time the Preliminary Injunction was issued. However, this Court has now had the opportunity to fully review the Administrative Record (see ECF 110), which the DOJ presumably relied upon in deciding to add the three Challenged Conditions to the Byrne JAG Grant. The Administrative Record consists of forty-eight (48) discrete documents, totaling over 1,000 pages of material. It includes documents from the following categories:
• Correspondence between members of Congress and DOJ leadership regarding, among other things, state and local non-compliance with 8 U.S.C. § 1373;
• Transcripts of congressional hearings at which Attorney General Loretta Lynch testified, including with respect to the topic of so-called “sanctuary jurisdictions”;
• Emails to JAG grantees regarding new conditions attached to JAG grants; • OIG Reports regarding compliance with Section 1373 and criminal alien
recidivism; • City submissions to the DOJ certifying compliance with Section 1373 • DOJ Press Releases and remarks from Attorney General Jeff Sessions However, it bears emphasis that the DOJ pointed to no other component of the more than 1000-page Administrative Record, other than the 2007 OIG Report, as supporting “a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made” to impose the Challenged Conditions.
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State Farm, 463 U.S. at 43. 2. The Decision to Impose All Three Challenged Conditions Was Arbitrary and Capricious
Given the nearly perfect overlap between the items considered at the two stages, it should come as no surprise to the litigants that the Court’s opinion at the Summary Judgment stage closely aligns with its opinion from the Preliminary Injunction stage, as to the arbitrary and capricious nature of the Challenged Conditions. There is no need to fully reproduce the Court’s prior opinion on this point, which is extensively discussed in 280 F. Supp. 3d at 619-625. Nonetheless, it is clear that the 2007 OIG Report does nothing to change the analysis.
First, the OIG Report provides no support whatsoever for the basic premises driving this litigation, one of which is the contention that aliens subject to deportation are leaving local custody without notice to ICE and then later committing crimes. The 2007 OIG Report was issued because Congress passed Public Law 109-162, which required the OIG to audit the DOJ’s State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (the “SCAAP”) and determine, inter alia:
The number of criminal offenses that have been committed by aliens unlawfully present in the United States after having been apprehended by States or local law enforcement officials for a criminal offense and subsequently being released without being referred to [DHS] for removal from the United States. (ECF 156-4, at 1). Rather than putting in the necessary work to reach a firm conclusion, the OIG “reviewed a judgmental sample of 100 criminal histories,” (id. at 29)—out of more than 262,000 criminal history files—ultimately concluding that it could not “statistically extrapolate the number of offenses committed by undocumented criminal aliens who were released from local custody without a referral to ICE.” (Id. at 30). The Report also stated that the OIG “could not determine if ICE was notified before the criminal aliens in our sample were released from custody.” (Id.).
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In other words, the DOJ cannot point to the 2007 OIG Report as an example of an instance where it “examine[d] the relevant data” to reach a relevant basis for its decision, State Farm, 463 U.S. at 43, because it failed to use the relevant data to form an opinion at all.
Second, insofar as the 2007 OIG Report reviewed recipients of SCAAP funds for Section 1373 compliance, the Report actually observed that “many state, county and local law enforcement agencies . . . have policies that suggest they are willing to cooperate with ICE when they . . . learn that those individuals may be criminal aliens.” (2007 OIG Report, at 22-23). The DOJ cannot point to a report concluding that localities are willing to cooperate with ICE as the justification for attaching conditions to grants nine years later which require such cooperation. This makes so little sense that it demonstrates the “arbitrary and capricious” nature of the decision to impose those conditions.
Third, given the nearly ten year gap between the 2007 OIG Report and the decision to add the Challenged Conditions to the Byrne JAG Program, the Report can hardly explain the DOJ’s decision. Under the APA, “an agency must give adequate reasons for its decisions,” and the OIG Report issued a decade earlier does not lend support to the DOJ’s position. Encino, 136 S. Ct. at 2125.
The other three sources to which the DOJ points as articulating adequate reasons for its decision to impose the Challenged Conditions are:
(1) The “Backgrounder on Grant Requirements,” issued by the DOJ on July 25, 2017 (first submitted in this litigation as ECF 1, Ex. 1);
(2) DOJ Press Release 17-826, issued by the Attorney General on July 25, 2017; and (3) A May, 2016 memorandum issued by the OIG. All three of the above sources were discussed thoroughly in this Court’s opinion on the Preliminary Injunction. (See City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 619-25). The DOJ has not
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presented any new argument as to those sources which changes the Court’s prior determination
that they do not demonstrate any adequate basis for the attachment of the Challenged Conditions.
In fact, in some places, the administrative record reinforces that the imposition of the Challenged
Conditions was arbitrary and capricious.
For example, Assistant Attorney General Peter Kadzik wrote Senator Richard Shelby a
letter stating that “[w]ithhold the funding would have a significant, and unintended, impact on the
underserved local populations who benefit from these programs, most of whom have no
connection to immigration policy.” (Administrative Record (“AR”), Ex. 3). In that same letter,
Kadzik acknowledged that “many Department grant funds are formula-based” such that “the Department does not have the discretion to suspend funding at all.” (Id.).6
Later, at a March, 2017, Senate Oversight Committee hearing, Attorney General Loretta
Lynch explained that, with respect to local policies “that prohibit reporting illegal status” of certain
individuals, under “the current state of the law, . . . that is a local matter.” (AR, Ex. 12).
Thus, if anything, the Administrative Record bolsters this Court’s view that the DOJ’s decision to tie the Byrne JAG funds to the Challenged Conditions was arbitrary and capricious.7
VI. SPENDING CLAUSE (COUNT IV) There was no specific testimony at the trial concerning the City’s claim in Count IV that
6 As stated supra, the Byrne JAG Program is a formula-based grant. 7 As noted supra, while the City of Philadelphia did not move for summary judgment as to Counts IV through VI, the DOJ moved for summary judgment on all six counts of the Amended Complaint. The Court held under advisement the Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to Counts IV through VI, and denied the motion as to Counts I-III. (See ECF 185). The Court also declined to rule on all six counts insofar as they pertained to the Certification Condition. (See id., at 1 (“Plaintiff’s motion for partial summary judgment is GRANTED as to Counts I, II, and III of the Amended Complaint, that two of three Challenged Conditions (prison access and advance [notice]) are invalid as a matter of law.”). For the sake of clarity, having now heard all evidence at trial and reviewed the parties’ briefs throughout this litigation, the Court is now ruling that as a matter of law, the decision to impose all three conditions, including the Certification Condition, was arbitrary and capricious (Count III).
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Defendant’s actions violated the Spending Clause of the United States Constitution. This Court
incorporates by reference the discussion and holding in the Preliminary Injunction Opinion, 280 F.
Supp. 3d at 639-47 which supported granting preliminary relief on this Count in favor of the City.
Philadelphia’s legal arguments are still persuasive and the Defendant has not made any successful
or meritorious legal argument to the contrary. Therefore, the Court will enter judgment in favor
of the City on Count IV.
VII. MURPHY V. NCAA AND THE TENTH AMENDMENT – COMMANDEERING
A. Review of Preliminary Injunction Opinion
The Court’s prior Memorandum in this case (deciding the motion for preliminary
injunction) stated the following regarding the City’s Tenth Amendment challenge to the DOJ’s
Certification Condition (requiring a certification of compliance with Section 1373):
The Tenth Amendment states a “truism” that “[t]he powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100, 124 (1941); U.S. Const. Am. 10. . . . [I]n the context of the Spending Clause, the Tenth Amendment represents a prohibition against “impermissible compulsion” or “commandeering,” i.e., “when state participation in a federal spending program is coerced.” NFIB, 567 U.S. at 677 (dissent). Among many cases, we review several to guide this Court’s Tenth Amendment analysis.
City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 647. The Memorandum went on to discuss four cases:
In New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992), the Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of three provisions of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (“LLRWPAA”), finding only two of the three provisions consistent with “the Constitution’s allocation of power to the Federal Government.” Id. at 149.
In Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898 (1997), the Supreme Court held that several provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence
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Prevention Act were unconstitutional because they “purport[ed] to direct state law enforcement officers to participate, albeit only temporarily, in the administration of a federally enacted regulatory scheme.” Id. at 904.
In NFIB v. Sibelius, 567 U.S. 519, the Supreme Court considered a challenge to the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). As originally drafted, ACA provided substantial federal funds to states to expand their Medicaid programs, but if states chose not to accept the additional funds, they would not only forgo those funds, but lose all existing federal funds as well. The plaintiff States challenged the statute as unduly coercive. Justice Roberts, writing for a plurality of the Court, agreed. The plurality emphasized that decisions of the Court had “repeatedly characterized ... Spending Clause legislation as ‘much in the nature of a contract.” Id. at 576-77 (quoting Barnes v. Gorman, 536 U.S. 181, 186 (2002)). As such, states cannot freely accept funds where they are coerced into doing so by the lopsided terms of the grant. Id. at 577.
In City of New York v. United States, 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999), New York City lodged a facial challenge against a federal statute which (similar to Section 1373 at issue in the present litigation) “prohibit[ed] state and local governments from limiting their employees in the voluntary provision of information about the immigration status of aliens to [INS].” Id. at 31. New York based its Tenth Amendment challenge on the conflict between those sections and City Executive Order No. 124, which prohibited city employees from transmitting information regarding the immigration status of aliens to federal immigration authorities except under certain situations. The Second Circuit found that the challenged provisions did not violate the Tenth Amendment because the provisions “do not directly compel states or localities to require or prohibit anything. Rather, they prohibit state and local governmental entities or officials only from directly restricting the voluntary exchange of immigration information with the INS.” Id. at 35 (emphasis added).
See City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 648-51. Finally, the Court concluded:
Philadelphia is likely to succeed on the merits of its Tenth Amendment challenge to the Access, 48-hour Notice, and Certification conditions. As it pertains to the Certification condition, this argument is somewhat distinct from that presented in City of Chicago v. Sessions and City of New York v. U.S., in which
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Section 1373 itself was challenged on Tenth Amendment grounds. No. CV-17-C-5720, 2017 WL 4081821 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 15, 2017); 179 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 1999). This Court need not analyze the City’s Tenth Amendment claim in detail, as the Court will not rely on it in considering whether to grant a preliminary injunction. … With respect to the Certification condition, this Court agrees with the Court in City of Chicago that Section 1373 (and in this case, compliance with it), “poses a unique and novel constitutional question.” 2017 WL 4081821, at *12. Literal compliance with Section 1373 would inherently prevent Philadelphia from, among other things, disciplining an employee for choosing to spend her free time or work time assisting in the enforcement of federal immigration laws. See id.
City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 651.
B. Murphy v. NCAA
On May 14, 2018, the Supreme Court of the United States issued its opinion in Murphy v.
NCAA, et al., 138 S. Ct. 1461 (2018). In an opinion delivered by Justice Alito, the Supreme
Court struck down provisions of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA),
which generally made it “unlawful” for any “governmental entity” to “sponsor, operate, advertise,
promote, license, or authorize by law or compact . . . a lottery, sweepstakes, or other betting,
gambling, or wagering scheme based” on competitive sporting events (the “anti-authorization provision”). 28 U.S.C. § 3702(1).8
Prior to enacting the law at issue in Murphy, in 2012, New Jersey passed a new law
authorizing sports gambling, 2011 N.J. Laws p. 1723 (the “2012 Act”), which prompted the major
professional sports leagues and NCAA to bring an action in federal court to enjoin the new law.
One of New Jersey’s arguments in defense of its new law was that PASPA unconstitutionally
infringed on the State’s authority under the Tenth Amendment. For support, New Jersey relied
8 PASPA also contained a “grandfather” provision allowing states such as Nevada to continue all forms of sports gambling that they had at the time PASPA was passed. See 28 U.S.C. § 3704(a).
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principally on New York and Printz, discussed supra. The plaintiffs’ primary argument against the application of New York and Printz was that “PASPA is critically different . . . because it does not command the States to take any affirmative act.” 138 S. Ct. at 1471. Much like the Second Circuit in City of New York, the first two courts to consider PASPA in the context of the 2012 Act (i.e., the district court and the Third Circuit) agreed with the plaintiffs’ argument and upheld PASPA, finding it “significant that PASPA does not impose any affirmative command.” Id. New Jersey sought certiorari but the Supreme Court denied review. Christie v. NCAA, 134 S. Ct. 2866 (2014).
As a result, New Jersey enacted a new law in 2014 (the “2014 Act”), declaring that “it is not to be interpreted as causing the State to authorize, license, sponsor, operate, advertise, or promote sports gambling.” Murphy, 138 S. Ct. at 1472. The same plaintiffs sued and won in District Court, and the case was eventually heard by the Third Circuit sitting en banc, which affirmed the holding that the 2014 Act violated PASPA by “authorizing” sports gambling. NCAA v. Governor of N. J., 832 F.3d 389 (2016). New Jersey against sought a writ of certiorari, and this time, the Supreme Court granted review. Christie v. NCAA, 137 S. Ct. 2327 (2017).
Justice Alito’s majority opinion in Murphy explains that the anticommandeering doctrine “is simply the expression of a fundamental structural decision incorporated into the Constitution, i.e., the decision to withhold from Congress the power to issue orders directly to the States.” Murphy, 138 S. Ct. at 1475. The opinion goes on to state that the PASPA provision at issue violated the anticommandeering doctrine because it “unequivocally dictate[d] what a state legislature may and may not do. . . . It is as if federal officers . . . were armed with the authority to stop legislators from voting on any offending proposals.” Id. at 1478. The majority specifically labeled as “empty” the distinction that the plaintiffs sought to draw between “compel[ling] a State
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to enact legislation . . . [and] prohibiting a State from enacting new laws.” Id. The majority opinion stresses that reading the Court’s prior decisions to suggest that PASPA’s “anti-authorization provision is constitutional” is a “misread[ing]” of those cases, because the Court had not, in any of those cases, “uph[eld] the constitutionality of a federal statute that commanded state legislatures to enact or refrain from enacting state law.” Id.
The majority opinion also considered the plaintiffs’ contention that the anti-authorization prohibition constituted a valid preemption provision, pursuant to the Supremacy Clause. Id. at 1479. The opinion made clear that, “in order for the PASPA provision to preempt state law,” it must: (1) “represent the exercise of a power conferred on Congress by the Constitution; pointing to the Supremacy Clause will not do,” and (2) “be best read as [a provision] that regulates private actors,” not States. Id. In other words, “every form of preemption [“express,” “conflict,” and “field”] is based on federal law that regulates the conduct of private actors, not the States. Id. at 1480. The pivotal reason that PASPA anti-authorization prohibition could not be construed as a preemption provision is that “there is no way in which this provision can be understood as a regulation of private actors.” Id. at 1481.
From here, the majority opinion lost one of its votes, as Justice Breyer joined the dissenting justices’ views as to the next topic addressed in Justice Alito’s analysis: whether the Court’s “decision regarding PASPA’s prohibition of the authorization of licensing of sports gambling operations dooms the remainder of the Act.” Id. at 1482. Six justices (Alito, Thomas, Kennedy, Kagan, and Gorsuch, JJ.; and Roberts, C.J.) all agreed “that no provision of PASPA is severable from the provision directly at issue in these cases.” Id. at 1484. Justice Thomas concurred separately to express his “growing discomfort with…modern severability precedents.” Id. at 1485 (2018) (Thomas, J., concurring). Justice Breyer wrote separately, concurring in the decision
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that PASPA’s anti-authorization provision violated the Tenth Amendment but dissenting as to the severability of PASPA as a whole. Id. at 1488 (2018) (Breyer, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). Justice Ginsburg dissented, joined by Justice Sotomayor, disagreeing as to the severability of PASPA as a whole, but declining to express an opinion regarding whether the anti-authorization provision violated the Tenth Amendment. Id. at 1488 (2018) (Ginsburg, J., dissenting).
Thus, in Murphy, seven Justices held that PASPA’s anti-authorization provision violated the Tenth Amendment, and two Justices declined to express an opinion on that issue.
C. Effect of Murphy v. NCAA on Constitutionality of Section 1373 In Count VI of the City of Philadelphia’s Amended Complaint, the City seeks a declaratory judgment that it complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373, as constitutionally construed. Defendant contends that the constitutionality of Section 1373 is not “relevant” to the Court’s analysis, and that the Spending Clause provides the appropriate rubric for analyzing Plaintiff’s claims. (See Def. Post-Trial Br., at 5). Therefore, Defendant claims, “Murphy has no bearing on this case.” (Id. at 6). If this were correct, then Congress could pass blatantly unconstitutional statutes—including statutes already struck down as unconstitutional by courts—but essentially require states and localities to adhere to those statutes by tying a “certification” of compliance with those conditions to federal grants. Because the JAG Byrne Program requires compliance with an unconstitutional statute (in this case, Section 1373) in order to receive grant funds, the Certification Condition is itself unconstitutional. 8 U.S.C. §§ 1373(a) and 1373(b) by their plain terms prevent “Federal, State, or local government entit[ies] or official[s] from” engaging in certain activities. These provisions closely parallel the anti-authorization condition in PASPA which was at issue in Murphy. Specifically,
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the PASPA provision violated the Tenth Amendment because it “unequivocally dictates what a state legislature may and may not do.” Murphy, 138 S.Ct. at 1478. Sections 1373(a) and (b) do the same, by prohibiting certain conduct of government entities or officials.
In defense of Sections 1373(a) and (b), Defendant suggests that the Constitution gives sole authorization to the national government to regulate matters of immigration (i.e., preemption). In fact, Defendant asserts, Section 1373 is merely “an information-sharing component of the overall removal scheme, in which the federal government takes full responsibility for regulation of and enforcement against individuals.” (See Def. Post-Trial Br., at 6 (citing Arizona v. U.S., 567 U.S. at 409 for the proposition that “state law is pre-empted when it violates ‘the principle that the removal process is entrusted to the discretion of the Federal Government.’”). However, the Supreme Court in Murphy made clear that, for a statute to preempt state law, it must not only “represent the exercise of a power conferred on Congress by the Constitution,” but also “be best read as [a provision] that regulates private actors,” rather than governmental entities or officials. 138 S.Ct. at 1479. Given their plain language, neither Section 1373(a) nor Section 1373(b) can be best read as regulating private actors. On their face, they regulate state and local governmental entities and officials, which is fatal to their constitutionality under the Tenth Amendment.9
The third, and only remaining subsection of Section 1373, is Section 1373(c), which does not apply to the City, but rather to ICE, and thus the City cannot be said to be out of compliance with Section 1373(c). Therefore, in light of the unconstitutionality of Sections 1373(a) and (b), (and the inapplicability of Section 1373(c)) the City need not comply with them.
9 Defendant correctly points out that the Murphy majority opinon acknowledged a prior ruling in which it upheld a provision explicitly prohibiting a “State or political subdivision” from “enact[ing] or enforc[ing]” laws relating to air carrier rates. See Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 504 U.S. 374 (1992). However, Defendant fails to point out that the Court’s discussion of Morales related to express preemption, which, for the reasons expressed in the text, does not apply to Section 1373 and did not apply in Murphy.
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Defendant cites Reno v. Condon, 528 U.S. 141 (2000) and Printz v. U.S., 521 U.S. 898 (1997) as support for their contention that Section 1373 is constitutional because it does not “regulate the States in their sovereign capacity to regulation their own citizens” but rather regulates “the States as the owners of data bases,” Reno, 528 U.S. at 151, and thus “require[s] only the provision of information to the Federal Government.” Printz, 521 U.S. at 918.
Reno involved a challenge to the Driver’s Privacy Protection Act (DPPA), which restricts the ability of states to disclose drivers’ personal information, such as their medical information, Social Security number, telephone number, and photograph, without the driver’s consent. Defendant has picked out a single sentence from Reno, which removed from context could be seen as supporting the contention that federal statutes may “regulate [] the States as the owners of data bases” without violating the Tenth Amendment. 528 U.S. at 151. However, when the Supreme Court found that DPPA does not violate the Tenth Amendment, it did not base its holding on the fact that DPPA implicates the provision of information in furtherance of a federal statutory scheme. Instead, the Supreme Court made clear that DPPA is constitutional because it does not “require [state legislatures] to enact any laws or regulations, and it does not require state officials to assist in the enforcement of federal statutes regulating private individuals.” Id. In Murphy, the Supreme Court elucidated that restricting state legislatures from enacting certain laws or regulations is akin to requiring state legislatures to enact certain laws or regulations, and therefore struck down PASPA under logic closely aligned with its reasoning in Reno. In fact, Respondents in Murphy attempted to use Reno in defense of PASPA, but the Supreme Court made clear that Reno did not “uph[o]ld the constitutionality of a federal statute that commanded state legislatures to enact or refrain from enacting state law.” Defendant’s reliance on Reno to support the constitutionality of Section 1373 is misplaced. Because Section 1373 directly tells states and
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state actors that they must refrain from enacting certain state laws, it is unconstitutional under the
Tenth Amendment.
Similarly, Defendant relies on dicta from Printz, stating that statutes “which require only
the provision of information to the Federal Government[ ] do not involve . . . the forced
participation of the States’ executive in the actual administration of a federal program.” 521 U.S.
at 918. This snippet is actually part of a paragraph in which the Court summarized the
Government’s (failed) arguments in Printz, which struck down portions of the Brady Act as
unconstitutional under the Tenth Amendment:
The Government points to a number of federal statutes enacted within the past few decades that require the participation of state or local officials in implementing federal regulatory schemes. Some of these are connected to federal funding measures, and can perhaps be more accurately described as conditions upon the grant of federal funding than as mandates to the States; others, which require only the provision of information to the Federal Government, do not involve the precise issue before us here, which is the forced participation of the States’ executive in the actual administration of a federal program. We of course do not address these or other currently operative enactments that are not before us; it will be time enough to do so if and when their validity is challenged in a proper case. For deciding the issue before us here, they are of little relevance.
Id. at 917–18.
It suffices to say that Printz’s holding, which supports this Court’s ruling that Section 1373
is unconstitutional, does not stand for the proposition for which Defendant has cited it.10
10 Defendant also seeks to distinguish the statutory scheme at issue in Murphy from that at issue in the present case, speculating that the “analysis in Murphy likely would have been very different” if the law at issue had “merely required States to share information regarding sports betting operations to facilitate federal regulation.” (Def. Post-Trial Br., at 7). However, Defendant’s best citation in support of this contention is noteworthy because the statute cited (the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (“OCCA”)) does not require states to provide any information to the national government. Among other things, the OCCA, Pub. L. No. 91-452, § 806, created a commission to evaluate the national policy towards gambling. That commission was “authorized to call upon . . . States to furnish, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise,
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Because Section 1373 violates the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution, the City is entitled to a declaratory judgment on Count VI of its Amended Complaint.
D. The First Alternative Conclusion re §1373 – The Text Supports the City’s Contentions
1. The Text of Section 1373 Does Not Require Compliance with the JAG Conditions The Attorney General argues that 8 U.S.C. § 1373 itself requires the City to provide advance notice of release from City custody; in other words, that the Notice Condition—already preliminarily enjoined by the Seventh Circuit—is subsumed into compliance with the statute, imposing obligations independent of the Byrne awards and precluding the declaratory relief the City seeks. Relying on the legislative history of the 1996 amendments to the INA, the Attorney General interprets the phrase “information regarding…citizenship or immigration status” in § 1373(a) to assert that “[i]nformation such as an alien’s pending release from custody is ‘information regarding’ immigration status within the contemplation of Section 1373, particularly where the release date implicates the federal authority to take custody pursuant to the removal statute in 8 U.S.C. § 1231.” (Def.’s MSJ at 33). The Attorney General attempts to buttress this argument with a citation to a passage in a California state case, Bologna v. City & Cty. of San Francisco, 192 Cal. App. 4th 429, 438 (2011), discussing the legislative history of § 1373. The Attorney General neglects to mention that one federal court has already rejected its proposed reading of § 1373, as the City points out. (Pl.’s Post-Trial Br. at 3 (citing Steinle v. City & Cty. of San Francisco, 230 F. Supp. 3d 994, 1015 (N.D. Cal. 2017)). The City is correct that such a reading is simply impossible to square with the statutory text.
such statistical data, reports, and other information as the Commission deems necessary.” It is unclear why a statute authorizing a commission “to call upon” States is probative on the question of whether Section 1373, which speaks directly to what states themselves must do, is constitutional.
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The City asserts that because the text of §1373 itself says nothing about providing advance notice of release, or about prisoner interviews, the Court cannot impose these requirements on the City.
2. Cases Interpreting Section 1373: Bologna and Steinle The parties dispute the significance of two tort actions by the survivors of individuals who had been killed by undocumented immigrants in San Francisco; in both cases, those undocumented immigrants had previous contact with local law enforcement but had not been transferred to ICE custody. Steinle v. City & Cty. of San Francisco, 230 F. Supp. 3d 994, 1004 (N.D. Cal. 2017); Bologna v. City & Cty. of San Francisco, 121 Cal. Rptr. 3d 406, 408-09 (2011).
a) Bologna Bologna, a case on which the DOJ relies, centered on an undocumented member of the MS-13 gang who had been arrested many times and spent time in a group home for juveniles. However, ICE was never notified about the MS-13 member’s presence in the United States. The plaintiffs alleged that the tortious harm at issue could have been avoided if ICE had been notified and the MS-13 member had been deported. Bologna, 121 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 409. The plaintiffs alleged negligence per se and violation of a mandatory duty imposed by § 1373. Id. The California Court of Appeal began with the premise that “[c]entral to claims asserting both negligence per se and violation of a mandatory duty is the requirement that the harm allegedly caused is of the precise nature a statute was designed to prevent.” Id. at 411. Reviewing § 1373 itself, the court noted that the text “contain[ed] no indication that Congress intended the provision be enacted to protect individuals from violent crime.” Id. at 414. The court then discussed the legislative history of § 1373 at length, concluding that the statute was intended “to facilitate the enforcement of federal immigration law by eliminating restrictions on the voluntary flow of
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immigration information between state and local entities and federal immigration officials.” Id. Thus, because both the text and the legislative history of § 1373 indicated that the statute was not “designed to protect the public from violent crimes,” the plaintiffs’ tort claims failed as a matter of law. Bologna nowhere addressed whether § 1373 covered an individual’s release date from local custody.
b) Steinle In Steinle, an undocumented man who had been deported several times committed homicide after being released from the custody of the San Francisco Sherriff’s Department; prior to his release, ICE had lodged a detainer seeking advance notice of his release, which the city did not honor pursuant to existing city policy. 230 F. Supp. 3d at 1004. Steinle’s surviving relatives accused the city of per se negligence, in part because § 1373 required the city to provide advance notice of release to ICE, and the city’s policy was therefore in violation of federal law. Id. at 1014. Disagreeing with Bologna’s use of legislative history, the Court found that the statutory language was clear. Id. at 1014-15. It continued: Nothing in 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a) addresses information concerning an inmate's release date. The statute, by its terms, governs only “information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.” … no plausible reading of “information regarding ... citizenship or immigration status” encompasses the release date of an undocumented inmate. Because the plain language of the statute is clear on this point, the Court has no occasion to consult legislative history. Id. at 1015. The court then found that the plaintiffs’ per se negligence claim failed as a matter of law. Id. at 1016.
3. Statutory Interpretation This Court agrees with the conclusion reached in Steinle: Section 1373(a), by its terms,
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does not require advance notice of an individual’s release from custody. This Court nevertheless offers a few additional thoughts. The Court is obliged to “assume
that ‘Congress expresses its intent through the ordinary meaning of its language’ and therefore begin[s] ‘with an examination of the plain language of the statute.’” Disabled in Action of Pennsylvania v. Se. Pennsylvania Transp. Auth., 539 F.3d 199, 210 (3d Cir. 2008) (quoting Rosenberg v. XM Ventures, 274 F.3d 137, 141 (3d Cir. 2001)). The statute reads as follows, in relevant part:
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual. 8 U.S.C. § 1373(a) (emphasis added). This language is entirely silent on the obligations of local correctional facilities, and nowhere mentions any requirement to provide advance notice of release for a non-citizen. Instead, § 1373(a) pertains only to “information regarding…citizenship or immigration status.” The phrase “citizenship or immigration status,” plainly means an individual’s category of presence in the United States—e.g., undocumented, refugee, lawful permanent resident, U.S. citizen, etc.—and whether or not an individual is a U.S. citizen, and if not, of what country. The phrase “information regarding” includes only information relevant to that inquiry. When an individual will be released from a particular City facility, cannot be considered “information regarding” his immigration status. E. Second Alternative Conclusion re §1373 – The City Complies with the JAG Conditions The Preliminary Injunction Opinion reviewed in great detail various statutory and regulatory provisions concerning “criminal aliens,” a specific category determined by Congress to
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have priority for removal purposes. See 280 F. Supp. 3d at 625-638. The trial in this case contained significant evidence regarding criminal aliens. The discussion below focuses on the legal aspects with regard to criminal aliens.
As to criminal aliens in City custody, the City complies (or substantially complies) with the JAG grant conditions.11
1. Demore v. Kim, 538 U.S. 510, 513 (2003) In Demore v. Kim, 538 U.S. 510, 513 (2003) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Section 1226(c), holding that “Congress, justifiably concerned that deportable criminal aliens who are not detained continue to engage in crime and fail to appear for their removal hearings in large numbers, may require that persons [charged with being deportable from the United States] be detained for the brief period necessary for their removal proceedings.” The Court emphasized the “fundamental premise of immigration law” that “Congress may make rules as to aliens that would be unacceptable if applied to citizens.” Id. at 521-22. While noting that “[i]t is well established that the Fifth Amendment entitles aliens to due process of law in deportation proceedings,” the Court made clear that its precedent establishes “detention during deportation proceedings as a constitutionally valid aspect of the deportation process.” Id. at 523. The Court was not moved by the fact that other, less burdensome options may have been available as alternative approaches to mandatory detention, noting that “when the Government deals with deportable aliens, the Due Process Clause does not require it to employ the least burdensome means to accomplish its goal.” Id. at 528.
11 Defendant has shown through Mr. O’Neill’s testimony that under current ICE policies, ICE does not draw a distinction between criminal aliens and other removable aliens. The Court considers this topic, if legally relevant to the JAG conditions, as questionable under constitutional standards, as discussed infra in greater detail.
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The Supreme Court reviewed Congress’s reasoning in enacting Section 1226(c), observing that “Congress adopted this provision against a backdrop of wholesale failure by the INS to deal with increasing rates of criminal activity by aliens,” and detailing the evidence before Congress that deportable noncitizens failed to appear for removal proceedings at high rates. Id. at 518-520. In light of Congress’s wide discretion to legislate in this area, and the temporary nature of the detention at issue, the Court rejected the contention that Section 1226(c) is constitutionally defective.
2. Jennings and Dimaya In Jennings v. Rodriguez, 138 S. Ct. 830 (2018), the Supreme Court engaged in a statutory analysis of statutory provisions regarding detention pending removal, 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(1) and (2), 8 U.S.C. § 1226(a) and (c), ultimately holding that, subject only to explicit statutory exceptions, Sections 1225(b) and 1226(c) “authorize detention [of removable aliens] until the end of applicable [removal] proceedings,” regardless of their duration, and that there is no basis for reading any additional entitlement to bond hearings into Section 1226(a), beyond that the statute provides. Jennings, 138 S. Ct. at 842. Under Section 1226(c), the Attorney General is required to detain any noncitizen who is inadmissible or deportable on criminal grounds. An individual detained under Section 1226(c) may only be released pending a removal decision in very narrow circumstances, specifically, when the Attorney General determines that release is necessary to protect a witness, and that the alien does not pose a danger to society or a flight risk. 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c)(2). The Court in Jennings held that the language of Section 1226(c) authorizes unlimited detention pending removal proceedings of an alien who is deportable on the basis of criminal involvement, and that no implicit restraint on the length of detention can be read into the statute. Jennings, 138 S. Ct. at
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847. 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(1) and (2) mandate the detention of certain undocumented aliens who
are seeking admission into the United States and are intercepted at the border. In particular, Section 1225(b)(1)(B)(ii) provides that an alien who is otherwise inadmissible but who intends to seek asylum, and who is determined to have a “credible fear of persecution,” “shall be detained” pending review of his or her asylum application. In Jennings, the Court held that Section 1225(b)(1) authorizes unlimited detention of aliens seeking admission to the United States pending evaluation of asylum applications. Under Section 1225(b)(2) an alien seeking admission who “is not clearly and beyond a doubt entitled to be admitted…shall be detained” pending removal proceedings. The Court held in Jennings that the language of Section 1225(b)(2) authorizes unlimited detention pending removal proceedings of aliens seeking admission who are not clearly admissible. Jennings, 138 S. Ct. at 842-46.
Under 8 U.S.C. § 1226(a) an alien who is subject to removal on non-criminal grounds may be arrested and detained “[o]n a warrant issued by the Attorney General” pending removal proceedings. The Attorney General may either continue to detain the alien pending removal proceedings, or “may release” her on a bond of $1,500 minimum, or on “conditional parole.” § 1226(a)(1)-(3). Pursuant to 8 C.F.R. §§ 236.1(d)(1), 1236.1(d)(1), aliens detained under Section 1226(a) will be given a bond hearing at the outset of detention. The Court in Jennings held that there is no statutory basis for a requirement that an alien held under 1226(a) be entitled to additional bond hearings beyond those explicitly referenced in the statute. Jennings 138 S. Ct. at 842, 847-48.
In its recent decision in Sessions v. Dimaya, 138 S.Ct. 1204 (2018), a majority of the Court held that the term “crime of violence” in the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) is
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impermissibly vague, for the same reasons the Court so held in Johnson v. United States, in interpreting a similar phrase in the Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. § 924(e).
The plurality opinion by Justice Kagan notes that under the INA, an alien convicted of an “aggravated felony” after entering the United States is deportable. 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii). Such an alien is also ineligible for cancellation for removal, a form of discretionary relief allowing some deportable aliens to remain in the country. The opinion thus noted that removal is a virtual certainty for an alien found to have an aggravated felony conviction no matter how long he has previously resided in the United States.
The opinion goes on to note that the term “aggravated felony” contains a list of numerous offenses, often with cross-references to federal criminal statutes, of which “a crime of violence is one such cross-reference, with a definition, for which the term of imprisonment is at least one year.” The specified statute, 18 U.S.C. § 16, provides the Criminal Code’s definition of a “crime of violence.” The Court then discusses the “categorical approach,” how immigration judges have applied it, and how it was used in the present case to find that respondent was deportable as an aggravated felon.
The majority ultimately concluded that the term, “crime of violence,” is ambiguous and thus unconstitutional.
Of particular note is the concurrence by Justice Gorsuch, noting the importance of “fair notice” in considering due process protections for individuals facing removal. In his lengthy concurrence, Justice Gorsuch similarly notes the close relationship between a number of criminal laws and civil penalties.12
Today’s decision sweeps narrowly in yet one more way. By any 12 This situation arises in the present case, where there is a defined concept of “criminal alien” who is in danger of being on the losing side of a civil procedure, which is removal from the United States.
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fair estimate, Congress has largely satisfied the procedural demand of fair notice even in the INA provision before us. The statute lists a number of specific crimes that can lead to a lawful resident’s removal—for example, murder, rape, and sexual abuse of a minor. 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(43)(A). Our ruling today does not touch this list. We address only the statute’s “residual clause” where Congress ended its own list and asked us to begin writing our own. Just as Blackstone’s legislature passed a revised statute clarifying that “cattle” covers bulls and oxen, Congress remains free at any time to add more crimes to its list. It remains free, as well, to write a new residual clause that affords the fair notice lacking here.
138 Sup. Ct. at 1233.
3. City Complies with § 1373 Given Congressional emphasis on removal of criminal aliens, which the Court documented
in the preliminary injunction opinion, bolstered by the recent Jennings case, the Court must come
to the conclusion that federal law distinguishes in material respects between aliens with criminal
convictions, and other aliens, with mandatory detention pending removal applying only to the
former. A criminal alien who is about to be released from a prison, whether federal or state or
local, is not necessarily entitled to freedom, because under 8 U.S.C. § 1226, they may be lawfully
detained pending removal.
There was substantial testimony about the practical impact of City policies and the ICE
policies, as to criminal aliens.
During the trial, the Court asked a number of questions to several witnesses as to the reach
of the City’s policies with regard to criminal aliens in City jails who have been sentenced and thus
presumptively have a release date. The Court sent counsel a letter with questions (ECF 198), and
received responses on May 18, 2018 from the City (ECF 203) and Defendant (ECF 204).
The evidence disclosed a potentially serious consequence from a public safety and law
enforcement safety perspective: the City is obliged to release this individual when he has
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completed his sentence. ICE is well within its rights to take that person into custody, under
§1226, pending removal proceedings. Jennings held that this person does not have any right to be
released pending the outcome of the removal proceedings, although this individual may have
certain personal factual reasons that may justify non-removal or release at some point (e.g.,
cooperation with law enforcement).
Nonetheless, the situation as described by ICE supervisor O’Neill reflects a serious
potential for danger to the public and to law enforcement officers. ICE should not be forced to
“hunt down” this person.
The trial testimony went into great detail on this issue. The City’s policy was ambiguous
during the last two years, as interpreted by certain police officials. However, it is now very clear
that if ICE secures a a “judicial warrant,” with a judicial signature (not including an ICE judge),
the City will facilitate the transfer of custody to ICE in a secured environment, and will disclaim
any interest or ability to look at the facts behind that signed judicial order.
The Court finds that the City has made a considerable change in its prior approach by the
following commitment in its letter of May 18, 2018:
In sum and as explained below, if the United States Department of Justice changes restrictions on U.S. Attorneys for approval of ICE detainer requests for presentation to a judge, or if the local ICE office and the local U.S. Attorney’s Office were to adopt a policy in which the U.S. Attorney will agree to approve and process an ICE request for a detainer as to a criminal alien, for presentation to a U.S. District Court Judge or U.S. Magistrate Judge, who in turn signs this document—whether termed an arrest warrant or a federal judicial court detainer—the City would be willing to notify either the U.S. Attorney or ICE before the release of such individuals and to facilitate the transfer of such individuals into ICE custody from the Philadelphia Prison System (“PPS”) or Philadelphia Police Department (“PPD”) detention facilities.
(ECF 203).
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The Defendant stated that it is unwilling to accept this proposal for a number of different reasons. Fundamentally, the Defendant is unwilling to limit its application of the JAG conditions to criminal aliens. Defendant insists that, because the current administration will seek removal of any and all undocumented aliens, regardless of how long they have been present in the United States or under what circumstances they arrived, it is not going to adopt any practice that is limited to criminal aliens.
Although this policy may be justified in some localities in the United States, it is not justified in Philadelphia. Moreover, the Court finds that it is inconsistent with the Spending Clause, which requires a discernible relationship between the JAG Program and the conditions that are attached to JAG grants. Such a relationship is indiscernible insofar as it is not limited to criminal aliens. Therefore, the Court concludes that the Defendant’s objections to the Court’s proposal are unfounded in law.
The Court also rejects all of the other reasons stated in the Defendant’s May 18 letter as to why the DOJ cannot change its policies. These include the inexplicable refusal of the DOJ and the DHS to come together and establish a procedure, with the United States Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to prepare and process a proposed “court order” to be signed by a U.S. District Judge or a Magistrate Judge, based upon facts shown, that an individual in City custody qualifies as a criminal alien and is about to be released from a City prison facility.
The unfortunate, unseemly and unnecessary spectacle of ICE officers hunting down this individual on City streets or within homes of third parties, to avoid detection, is unacceptable. Transfer of jurisdiction from the City to ICE must take place in a safe law enforcement environment, such as the City prison or PDU.
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Defendant fails to provide any reason why the Attorney General, or the local U.S. Attorney, and the Secretary of DHS, or a local ICE official, cannot adopt, very quickly, changes in current procedures to show that an individual in City prisons qualifies as a criminal alien under federal law, thereby showing that ICE is entitled to take custody of that person upon their release from City custody. This procedure could then be used in circumstances in which the United States Attorney’s Office seeks a judicial order that the individual be taken into custody by ICE upon release from the City prison.
The reasons why the DOJ rejects this approach are unfounded. (1) ICE does have access to criminal records and does have access to City prison records and can learn that a person in City custody who qualifies as a criminal alien who is serving a sentence, is about to be released. ICE can notify the City of its desire and intent to take that person into custody. (2) When that happens, a government attorney and agent, as is the usual practice in seeking a search warrant or a Title III order, can contact a District or a Magistrate Judge with the facts and the request for a judicial order for detention. The Judge can then issue an order that this person be turned over to ICE. The City has now made clear it will recognize this order and allow for the transfer to take place within the City prison or the Philadelphia Police Department. (3) The Defendant’s assertion that this would unduly take the time of judicial officers is unfounded, and in some respects, insulting to the Judges of this Court. Although the government asserts that there are “substantial burdens,” the Court believes that the suggested procedure would actually 76

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make this less time consuming and more effective for the public, the subjects involved, and law enforcement officers, than continuing the endless debate about ICE immigration detainers, which, as the Third Circuit held in Galarza, are not binding on state or City officials. 745 F.3d 634 (3d Cir. 2014). Given the above exposition of the facts surrounding the Defendant’s “advance notice” condition, the Court finds that the City is in compliance. The Court has considered whether it should order the Defendant Attorney General to adopt administrative/procedural practices within the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, whether as a permanent procedure or on a trial basis, requiring ICE to request a “judicial order” against criminal aliens known by ICE to be in City custody. This would provide for security and common sense protocol for handing over of criminal aliens from City custody to federal custody at the conclusion of the state-imposed sentence. The Court has not discussed to any great extent the legal issues surrounding the removal of non-citizens who do not have any criminal convictions, sometimes referred to as “non-criminal aliens.” As a general matter, ICE asserts it has authority to arrest and detain these individuals, and there are some older U.S. Supreme Court cases that have upheld this concept. See Wong Wing v. U.S., 163 U.S. 228 (1896) and Carlson v. Landam, 142 U.S. 524 (1952). The Court notes, however, that the facts of those cases are significantly different from the facts concerning a typical visa over stayer who has been in the United States for decades, with a steady job, family, and no criminal convictions. More recent cases have emphasized the requirement for probable cause before a non-citizen can be arrested or detained. See Babula v. INS, 663 F.2d 293 (3d Cir. 1981). In view of the other holdings in this case, this Court need not dwell on these legal issues any further
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at this time. VIII. STANDARD FOR PERMANENT INJUNCTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
A. Permanent Injunction Standard The Third Circuit employs a four-part standard for evaluating a request for a permanent injunction, and must consider whether:
(1) the moving party has shown actual success on the merits; (2) the moving party will be irreparably injured by the denial of injunctive relief; (3) the granting of the permanent injunction will not result in even greater harm to the defendant; and (4) the injunction would be in the public interest. Coffelt v. Fawkes, 765 F.3d 197, 201 (3d Cir. 2014) (quoting Shields v. Zuccarini, 254 F.3d 476, 482 (3d Cir. 2001).13 The Third Circuit reviews the grant or denial of a permanent injunction for abuse of discretion, but reviews all legal conclusions de novo. Coffelt, 765 F.3d at 201. Findings of fact are reviewed for clear error. Stolt-Nielsen, S.A. v. United States, 442 F.3d 177, 182 (3d Cir. 2006), as amended (May 16, 2006), Ferring Pharm., Inc. v. Watson Pharm., Inc., 765 F.3d 205, 215 n.9 (3d Cir. 2014), held “[t]he standard for a preliminary injunction is essentially the same as for a permanent injunction with the exception that [for a preliminary injunction] the plaintiff must [only] show a likelihood of success on the merits rather than actual success.”
13 The Supreme Court has announced a slightly different four-factor standard for the grant of permanent injunctions: under that test, a plaintiff “must demonstrate: (1) that it has suffered an irreparable injury; (2) that remedies available at law, such as monetary damages, are inadequate to compensate for that injury; (3) that, considering the balance of hardships between the plaintiff and defendant, a remedy in equity is warranted; and (4) that the public interest would not be disserved by a permanent injunction.” Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms, 561 U.S. 139, 156–57 (2010) (quoting eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., 547 U.S. 388, 391 (2006)).
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B. Arguments of the Parties The City argues that it has met the standards for declaratory, injunctive and mandamus relief. The Attorney General disagrees, and asks this Court to decline to enter the requested equitable relief, and remand the matter to the Department of Justice; in particular, the Attorney General asserts that the City has shown no basis for enjoining the Challenged Conditions, as, in its view, the City has not established irreparable harm and the balance of the equities tips in favor of the Attorney General. With respect to the Notice Condition, the Attorney General argues that there is no impediment to providing advance notice, the City has not established that harm would result to the immigrant community if advance notice were provided, and irreparable harm would result to public safety, including the safety of ICE officers, if individuals in City custody were released without notice. The Attorney General, which views advance notice as part of Section 1373 compliance, repeats these arguments with respect to the Certification Condition. As to the Access Condition, the Attorney General asserts that the City’s refusal to allow interviews at the PDU and its use of the consent form interfere with ICE’s mission and therefore should not be enjoined. Finally, the Attorney General argues that the City cannot establish irreparable harm from not receiving its Byrne award, and overstates its need for the Byrne funds. C. Injunctions Against Unconstitutional Grant Conditions The most factually apposite cases regarding permanent injunctions against enforcement grant conditions are other district court opinions regarding recent attempts to impose immigration enforcement priorities on localities. In County of Santa Clara v. Trump, 275 F. Supp. 3d 1196 (N.D. Cal. 2017),14 a later decision in a case discussed in this Court’s preliminary injunction memo, the district court permanently enjoined Section 9(a) of the Executive Order issued by 14 An earlier decision in the same case, City of Santa Clara v. Trump, 250 F. Supp. 3d 497 (N.D. Ca. 2017) was cited and discussed in the Preliminary Injunction Opinion, see 280 F. Supp. 3d at 597-99.
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President Trump that ordered the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security to “ensure that jurisdictions that willfully refuse to comply with 8 U.S.C. 1373 (sanctuary jurisdictions) are not eligible to receive Federal grants, except as deemed necessary for law enforcement purposes.” Id. at 1201 (quoting Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, 82 FR 8799).
Similarly, the city of Los Angeles challenged grant conditions identical to the first two Challenged Conditions in this litigation (jail access and advance notice) attached by the Department of Justice to competitive grants to local jurisdictions to hire officers for community-oriented policing (“COPS”). City of Los Angeles v. Sessions, 293 F. Supp. 3d 1087 (C.D. Cal. 2018). Complying with these conditions would entitle applicant jurisdictions for “additional consideration points” beyond the scores their applications would receive. Id. at 1093. The court found that these conditions, under the COPS statute, 34 U.S.C. § 10381, et seq., were ultra vires, in violation of the Spending Clause, and arbitrary and capricious. Id. at 1095-1100. The district court issued a nationwide permanent injunction, finding the city would suffer “irreparable competitive harm” if the conditions were not enjoined, because it would be at a disadvantage in future grant cycles, the city had a strong interest in competing for funds, and the federal government lacked a legitimate interest in unconstitutional distributions of funds. Thus, the Court held that an injunction was necessary in order to prevent the violation of constitutional rights. Id. The district court entered a nationwide injunction to ensure an “even playing field.” Id. at 1101.
D. Irreparable Harm The City has established that it will suffer irreparable harm absent an injunction. The Court’s finding of irreparable injury from the preliminary injunction stage, see City of
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Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 655-57, remains equally applicable at the permanent injunction stage. This Court found that, under any of the courses of action the City might take given the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions—accepting the grant and changing its policies; accepting the grant without changing its policies at risk of sanctions; or foregoing the funds—all caused the City irreparable harm. Id.
The Third Circuit has not had opportunity to find whether the specific constitutional injuries alleged here, including violations of the Tenth Amendment and the Spending Clause, necessarily constitute irreparable harm. However, in Printz, the two district courts considering Tenth Amendment challenges to the Brady Act had issued permanent injunctions against enforcement of the provisions at issue, but neither addressed the issue of irreparable injury. Mack v. United States, 856 F. Supp. 1372, 1374 (D. Ariz. 1994); Printz v. United States, 854 F. Supp. 1503 (D. Mont. 1994). After the Ninth Circuit found no Tenth Amendment violation and vacated the injunctions, Mack v. United States, 66 F.3d 1025, 1033 (9th Cir. 1995), the Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit, finding that the law commandeered state officers, but did not discuss either the injunction or irreparable injury. Printz, 521 U.S. 898 (1997). The Supreme Court’s unequivocal anti-commandeering holding strongly suggests that Tenth Amendment violations constitute irreparable harm for purposes of a permanent injunction.
Moreover, since this Court entered its preliminary injunction, the Seventh Circuit affirmed the ruling of the district court in the Seventh Circuit Chicago litigation, where the lower court had held, at the preliminary injunction stage, that “forcing the City either to decline the grant funds based on what it believes to be unconstitutional conditions or accept them and face an irreparable harm, is the type of ‘Hobson’s choice’ that supports irreparable harm.” City of Chicago v. Sessions, 264 F. Supp. 3d 933, 950 (N.D. Ill. 2017), aff’d, 888 F.3d 272 (7th Cir. 2018). Notably,
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the Attorney General did not challenge the finding of irreparable harm on appeal to the Seventh Circuit. City of Chicago v. Sessions, 888 F.3d 272, 282 (7th Cir. 2018).
The trial testimony also supports a finding of irreparable harm as a factual matter, thereby satisfying the legal standard. Several witnesses testified to irreparable harm from the consequences of changing City policies to accede to the Challenged Conditions. Police Commissioner Ross reiterated his earlier testimony that the City’s ability to fight crime is impaired when victims and witnesses are afraid to report crimes for fear of immigration consequences. Eva Gladstein testified that immigrants would be less likely to avail themselves of City services, such as substance abuse and treatment services, if they feared that their immigration status would be revealed to ICE. Brian Abernathy described other risks to health and safety if immigrants perceive the City to be an “extension of ICE,” such as unlicensed construction. At the preliminary injunction hearing, Dr. Farley testified about the potential risks to public health if immigrants did not feel safe seeking care at City clinics. See City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 609.
At other times, trial witnesses discussed irreparable harm if the City did not receive the Byrne funds. Julie Wertheimer testified that, as a significant part of its battle against opioid abuse, the City needs JAG funds to purchase adequate amounts of Narcan. City employees carrying Narcan have saved “numerous lives…during overdoses,” but over 1,200 deaths from opioid overdoses nonetheless occurred last year in Philadelphia. (Day 2 Tr. 40:1-8). Although Ms. Wertheimer acknowledged that the City has obtained some Narcan from sources besides the Byrne grants, she testified that the City was “constantly trying to distribute more and more Narcan and need all of the supplies of it that we can get.” (Id. 40:11-13).
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The Attorney General, who disputes the City’s constitutional claims, cites Adams v. Freedom Forge Corp., 204 F.3d 475 (3d Cir. 2000), an ERISA case involving no constitutional claims, for the proposition that injunctive relief cannot be entered upon speculation alone. (Def.’s Post-Trial Br. at 14). Yet the constitutional harms are real, and the harms to public health and safety are real.
The Attorney General also downplays the importance of the Byrne funds to the City. The Attorney General asserts that the $1.598 million at stake in this litigation represents “less than one third of one percent of the Philadelphia Police Department’s budget for FY 2017,” see Def.’s Post-Trial Br. at 24, but this number is misleading. The Court previously found that “between 96–98%” of the Philadelphia Police Department budget is allocated to “personnel costs and benefits,” and the $1.598 million in Byrne funds at issue is “significant to crime fighting efforts and represents 10% of non-personnel costs” of the Philadelphia Police Department. City of Philadelphia, 280 F. Supp. 3d at 601.
The third factor also weighs in favor of granting an injunction—the granting of the permanent injunction would not result in even greater harm to the Attorney General. The supposed harms to the Attorney General are not realistic. They would not, in fact, constitute any harm to the Attorney General; he must simply pay money that Congress has already allocated.
Finally, enjoining the Challenged Conditions serves the public interest. The Court continues to believe, as it stated over six months ago, that “the public interest is better served if the City is not forced to choose between foregoing the JAG Grant funds and losing hard-fought goodwill amongst the immigrant community.” 280 F. Supp. 3d at 658. Enjoining constitutional violations also furthers the public interest. See Swartzwelder v. McNeilly, 297 F.3d 228, 242 (3d Cir. 2002) (“the public interest is best served by eliminating the unconstitutional restrictions”).
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IX. DECLARATORY JUDGMENT The City also seeks a declaratory judgment that it complies with 8 U.S.C. § 1373.
Although the Court has concluded that this statute is facially unconstitutionally under the Tenth Amendment, and thus need not be complied with, the Court nonetheless wishes to address this issue as an alternative ground for its holding.
The Declaratory Judgment Act provides that “[i]n a case of actual controversy within its jurisdiction… any court of the United States… may declare the rights and other legal relations of any interested party seeking such declaration, whether or not further relief is or could be sought.” 28 U.S.C. § 2201(a).
The Attorney General makes two arguments against granting a declaration, in addition to its position on the merits that the City does not comply with Section 1373. The first is that even if the City had met its burden of showing compliance with Section 1373, the Court should simply decline to use its discretion to enter a declaratory judgment, an argument to which it devotes all of a paragraph. Declaratory judgments are indeed “discretionary,” see Kelly v. Maxum Specialty Ins. Grp., 868 F.3d 274, 281 (3d Cir. 2017), but the Court believes that, especially after proceedings this prolonged, if the City has met its burden of showing compliance with Section 1373—and it has—it is entitled to the declaration it seeks.
The Attorney General also argues, in a footnote to its post-trial brief, that his “primary contention” regarding the inappropriateness of declaratory relief is that “the City’s claim for declaratory relief improperly preempts the administrative process…and that review of any such administrative decision should be subject to the APA’s arbitrary and capricious standard.” (Def.’s Post-Trial Br. at 8 n.4). In context, this refers to an earlier discussion in the Attorney General’s summary judgment motion of the ripeness of the City’s claims, which the City brought
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while the Attorney General continued to assess whether the City complied with Section 1373. (See Def.’s Mot. for Summ. J. at 32). Ripe controversies must exist, as the Attorney General correctly asserts, for a court to issue a declaratory judgment. See, e.g., Lewis v. Alexander, 685 F.3d 325, 341 (3d Cir. 2012) (“[r]ipeness requires a substantial controversy, between parties having adverse legal interests, of sufficient immediacy and reality to warrant the issuance of a declaratory judgment”) (internal quotation marks omitted). Because the Court has found, for the reasons discussed in preceding sections, that the City’s claims are ripe, this argument is no impediment to the issuance of declaratory relief.15
Because the City is in compliance with Section 1373 as to criminal aliens, the Court will issue the requested declaration. X. MANDAMUS
The City also requested that this Court issue a writ of mandamus compelling the Attorney General to immediately disburse Philadelphia’s FY 2017 JAG award. Specifically, the City cites as authorities for such relief the following two statutes:
(1) The Mandamus Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1361, which authorizes the Court “to compel an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof to perform a duty owed to the plaintiff,” and,
(2) The APA, 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), which authorizes the Court to “compel agency action unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed.”
However, a claim seeking mandamus under the Mandamus Act is essentially the same as one for relief under the APA, such that only the APA claim warrants discussion below. Independence Mining Co., Inc. v. Babbitt, 105 F.3d 502, 507 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting Japan Whaling Ass’n v. Am. Cetacean Soc’y, 478 U.S. 221, 230 n.4 (1986) (electing to analyze
15 This passage in the Attorney General’s summary judgment briefing also suggests that Byrne awards were conditioned not on the certification of compliance—which the City made—but upon compliance with the statute itself. Especially because of the importance of the interests at stake, it is therefore all the more important that a court have an opportunity to construe and apply this statute.
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plaintiff’s entitlement to relief under the APA)); accord Ahmed v. Holder, 12 F.Supp.3d 747, 752 n. 3 (E.D. Pa. 2014) (addressing only the APA claim), Han Cao v. Upchurch, 496 F.Supp.2d 569, 575 (E.D. Pa. 2007) (labeling as “coextensive” the scope of the “mandamus statute and the APA”).
The relevant factors under Section § 706(1) are: (1) The length of time that has elapsed since the agency came under a duty to act, (2) The reasonableness of the delay . . . in the context of the statute authorizing the agency’s action, (3) The consequences of the agency’s delay, and (4) Any plea of administrative error, administrative inconvenience, practical difficulty in carrying out a legislative mandate, or need to prioritize in the face of limited resources.
Prometheus Radio Project v. FCC, 824 F.3d 33, 39-40 (3d Cir. 2016). As to the first factor, Philadelphia filed its JAG application on September 5, 2017, but has
not received its award. (ECF 179, Joint Stipulated Facts, ¶ 63). Typically, the JAG awards are received by September or August of the relevant grant year. (Id. ¶ 45). According to the DOJ, the DOJ’s review of the City’s FY 2017 application remains in “continued pendency,” purportedly because the DOJ is still assessing the City’s compliance with Section 1373. (DOJ Post-Trial Brief, ECF 155-1, at 41). However, it bears emphasis that Congress specifically set the JAG Program as an annual award, and the DOJ’s delay has precluded the City from receiving the intended award at such time as the City can make timely use of it.16
Thus, as to the second factor, the “reasonableness of the delay . . . in the context of” the authorizing statute, this factor also favors the City, primarily because the JAG statute is a formula
16 Because this case arises in the context of an annual grant program, a one-year delay represents a far greater delay than might be the case in a different context. This is not akin to the amount of time delay at issue in cases such as Prometheus, 824 F.3d 33, which considered the failure of an agency to act in a rulemaking capacity.
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(rather than discretionary) grant, see Philadelphia v. Sessions, 280 F.Supp.3d at 593-94,17 but also
because the JAG Program enabling statute is couched in mandatory language. 34 U.S.C.
§10156(a)(1) specifically states that “[o]f the total amount appropriated for [the JAG Program], the Attorney General shall . . . allocate” money according to the statutory formula.18
As for the third factor, “the consequences of the agency’s delay,” the Court emphasizes the
concerns espoused in the Court’s discussion, supra, of irreparable harm.
With respect to the fourth and final factor, “any plea of administrative error, administrative
inconvenience, practical difficulty in carrying out a legislative mandate, or need to prioritize in the
face of limited resources,” the DOJ has not presented any mitigating evidence on this element,
despite Plaintiff seeking mandamus relief since filing its Amended Complaint in January (see ECF
84).
Throughout this Court’s opinion supra, the Court has made clear that the DOJ may not
lawfully preclude the City of Philadelphia from receiving JAG Program funds based on alleged
noncompliance with the Challenged Conditions. The DOJ has maintained throughout this
litigation that it “has not yet acted on the City’s FY 2017 Byrne JAG application.” (See, e.g., ECF
155-1, Def. MSJ, at 10). Therefore, given this Court’s holding that the Challenged Conditions are
unconstitutional, are not statutorily authorized, and were imposed in an arbitrary and capricious
17 In fact, in prior cases in which Congress adopted a formula grant, such grants were understood to be mandatory. See U.S. ex rel. Bauchwitz v. Holloman, 671 F.Supp.2d 674, 680 n. 16 (E.D. Pa. 2009); see also Udall v. State of Wisconsin, 306 F.2d 790, 793 (D.C. Cir. 1962) (holding, in the context of reviewing a writ of mandamus, that grants to the states under a federal wildlife grant program were not discretionary because the amount to be allocated was determined pursuant to a statutory formula). 18 To support its contention that the JAG statute allows for DOJ discretion, the DOJ points to 34 U.S.C. § 10152(a)(1), which provides that, “[f]rom amounts made available to carry out this part, the Attorney General may, in accordance with the formula established [], make grants to States and units of local government.” However, read in the context of the JAG Program as a non-discretionary formula grant, it is clear that this subsection does not enable the DOJ to withhold funds to which state and local governments are otherwise entitled under the statutory formula, but rather reflects that some eligible grantees may choose not to apply for funding.
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manner, see Naporano Metal & Iron Co. v. Sec. of Labor, 529 F.2d 537 (3d Cir. 1976), the Court will grant mandamus relief in favor of Plaintiff, the parameters of which will be determined after opportunity for the parties to suggest the more appropriate specific relief. XI. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The City’s policies and practices described in the memorandum are reasonable, rational, and an appropriate exercise of municipal authority under the Constitution and laws of the United States and Pennsylvania.
2. The Attorney General’s conditions have been imposed in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act, and are arbitrary and capricious, Counts I-III.
3. The Attorney General’s imposition of the three conditions is invalid because it violates statutory and constitutional law.
4. The Attorney General’s conditions violate the Spending Clause of the United States Constitution, Count IV.
5. 8 U.S.C. § 1373 is unconstitutional under the Supreme Court’s decision in Murphy v. NCAA, Counts V.
6. Plaintiff has proved, pursuant to the applicable burden of proof, that it is entitled to equitable relief, as requested in the Complaint, Count VI.
7. Defendant’s defenses are rejected and do not warrant any diminution in the relief requested by Plaintiff.
8. Alternatively, if the conditions imposed by the Attorney General are valid, the City is in compliance, or substantial compliance.
9. The City will suffer irreparable harm if the relief requested is not granted.
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Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 224 Filed 06/06/18 Page 93 of 93 XII. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will grant equitable relief in favor of Plaintiff, the exact terms to be determined by the procedure set forth in the accompanying Order below.19
19 When deciding a case within the broad topic of immigration, a judge may be tempted to cut a wide swath into many issues about which public debate continues. This opinion purposely sticks to the issues concerning the JAG grants to Philadelphia. However, assuming the accuracy of current estimates that 11 million undocumented aliens are residing in the United States, most of them living peacefully with families, children and good jobs – in contrast to the small number who would qualify as criminal aliens – the complex issues in this case demonstrate the sheer impossibility, as well as great expense, of relying on a policy of “removal” (deportation) of all undocumented aliens. The idea that the judicial process, with the necessary procedures and protections and appellate reviews, can accomplish this task is completely unrealistic. An ICE official in this case testified that many cases take at least several years to resolve, with great expense to the taxpayers and the parties. From a judge’s point of view, Congress needs to act.
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 Case 2:17-cv-03894-MMB Document 229 Filed 06/28/18 Page 1 of 2

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA

THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

CIVIL ACTION

v.

NO. 17-3894

JEFFERSON BEAUREGARD SESSIONS III, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES

MEMORANDUM RE: COURT’S ADDITION TO FINAL JUDGMENT AND DECREE

Baylson, J.

June 28, 2018

This Memorandum will explain why the Court insisted on inserting language in the Final

Judgment and Decree that had not been requested – and indeed had been opposed – by both

parties. The language which the Court inserted is as follows:

To the extent an agency of the United States Government has probable cause to assert that an individual in the custody of the City of Philadelphia is a criminal alien (as previously defined by this Court in City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 2018 WL 2725503, *n. 3, (E.D. Pa. June 6, 2018)), and seeks transfer to federal custody of such individual within a city facility, it shall secure an order from a judicial officer of the United States for further detention, as allowed by law.

The two prior Opinions in this case have thoroughly detailed the reasons why individuals

who qualify as “criminal aliens” are subject to arrest, detention pending removal, and removal

from the United States. This has been a consistent policy of Presidential administrations and is

thoroughly supported by congressional statutes and court decisions.

Throughout the testimony in this case, ICE has asserted that so-called “immigration

detainers” – which are not court orders – should be recognized by the City as grounds to detain a

criminal alien in City custody once the individual is entitled to be released from City custody.

The City has refused to recognize any legal effect to immigration detainers. The City’s position

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is completely justified under controlling court precedent. If the City were to detain persons entitled to release based on immigration detainers, it would be exposing itself to many lawsuits and potentially substantial damages for violation of civil rights.
This dispute has led to a completely unsatisfactory situation, because federal law enforcement officers must locate and attempt to arrest such persons after their release from City prisons, which poses a risk of harm to officers, both City and federal, as well as to the general public. This risk can be easily eliminated.
As a result of the proceedings in this case, the City agreed to arrange for the transfer of custody of a criminal alien in City custody when they were eligible for release from City custody, within the City prison, as long as ICE secured a court order.
Without the court order, the City is required to release the individual. As a result, ICE must then locate and arrest the criminal alien for commencement of deportation proceedings.
The Defendant has failed to come up with any legitimate reason why it refuses to request a court order.
Therefore, the Court inserted the provision quoted above. If the Department of Justice continues in its obdurate refusal to institute a procedure to obtain court orders, it cannot lay any blame other than on itself for the resulting situation of criminal aliens being at-large when, under settled law, with a court order, the Department of Justice may secure custody of them in a secured City prison facility, and immediately institute removal proceedings.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Michael M. Baylson MICHAEL M. BAYLSON United States District Court Judge
O:\CIVIL 17\17-3894 City v Sessions\17cv3894 Memorandum re insertion of language in final decree.docx
2

 
 City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

916 F.3d 276 United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
CITY OF PHILADELPHIA v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF the UNITED STATES of America, Appellant
Case No. 18-2648 |
Argued on November 7, 2018 |
(Opinion filed: February 15, 2019)
Synopsis Background: City brought action against Attorney General to enjoin Department of Justice (DOJ) from implementing immigration-related conditions on receipt of grant from Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program for funding of law enforcement initiatives, and for writ of mandamus compelling DOJ to disburse funds. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, No. 2-17-cv-03894, Michael M. Baylson, J., 309 F.Supp.3d 289, entered summary judgment in city’s favor, and entered permanent injunction. Attorney General appealed.
Holdings: The Court of Appeals, Rendell, Circuit Judge, held that:
statute creating Program did not authorize Attorney General to withhold all funds for failing to share immigration information, and
injunction requiring federal immigration authorities to secure judicial order before issuing immigration detainers for aliens in city’s custody exceeded scope of equitable relief warranted in case.
Affirmed in part and vacated in part.
Procedural Posture(s): On Appeal; Motion for Summary Judgment; Motion for Permanent Injunction.
West Codenotes
Negative Treatment Vacated 8 U.S.C.A. § 1373(a), (b)

*278 On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (District Court No.: 2-17-cv-03894), District Judge: Honorable Michael M. Baylson
Attorneys and Law Firms
Jasmeet K. Ahuja, Alexander B. Bowerman, Virginia A. Gibson, Hogan Lovells US, 1735 Market Street, 23rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, Kirti Datla, Matthew J. Higgins, Neal K. Katyal (Argued), Hogan Lovells US, 555 Thirteenth Street, N.W., Columbia Square, Washington, DC 20004, Marcel S. Pratt, Lewis Rosman, Kelly S. Diffily, City of Philadelphia, Law Department, 1515 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, Counsel for Appellee
Katherine T. Allen (Argued), United States Department of Justice, Civil Division, Appellate Staff, Room 7325, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20530, Bradley Hinshelwood, United States Department of Justice, Room 7256, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20530, Laura Myron, United States Department of Justice, Room 7222, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20530, Chad A. Readler, United States Department of Justice, Appellate Section, Criminal Division, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20530, Daniel Tenny, United States Department of Justice, Civil Division, Federal Programs Branch, 20 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Room 7130, Washington, DC 20530, Counsel for Appellant
Lawrence J. Joseph, Suite 700-1A, 1250 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036, Counsel for Amicus Appellant Immigration Reform Law Institute
Adam S. Lurie, Linklaters, 601 Thirteenth Street, N.W., Suite 400 South, Washington, DC 20006, Counsel for Amicus American Jewish Committee
Benna R. Solomon, City of Chicago, Corporate Counsel’s Office, 30 North LaSalle Street, Room 800, Chicago, IL 60602, Counsel for Amicus Appellee City of Chicago
Spencer E. W. Amdur, American Civil Liberties Union, Immigrants’ Rights Project, 125 Broad Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10004, Counsel for Amicus Appellee American Civil Liberties Union Foundation
Ilana H. Eisenstein, DLA Piper, 1650 Market Street, One Liberty Place, 49th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103, Counsel for Amicus Appellee Philadelphia Social and Legal Services Organizations
Nicolas Y. Riley, Institute for Constitutional Advocacy

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

and Protection, Georgetown University Law Center, 600 New Jersey Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20001, Counsel for Amicus Appellee Current and Former Prosecutors and Law Enforcement Leaders
Linda Fang, Office of Attorney General of New York, 28 Liberty Street, 23rd Floor, New York, NY 10005, Counsel for Amicus Appellee State of New York
Robert Perrin, Latham & Watkins, 355 South Grand Avenue, Suite 100, Los Angeles, CA 90071, Counsel for Amicus Appellee Anti Defamation League
Before: AMBRO, SCIRICA and RENDELL, Circuit Judges

policy. In resolving the discrete legal question before us, however, we make no judgment as to the merits of this policy dispute. Rather, our role is more confined, and our focus is only on the legality of the particular action before us.
Concluding that Congress did not grant the Attorney General this authority, we hold that the Challenged Conditions were unlawfully imposed. Therefore, we will affirm the District Court’s order to the extent that it enjoins enforcement of the Challenged Conditions against the City of Philadelphia. We will vacate part of the order, however, to the extent that it exceeds the bounds of this controversy. See infra III. B.

OPINION
RENDELL, Circuit Judge.
*279 The City of Philadelphia has received funds under the federal Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program (“Byrne JAG”) every year since the program’s inception in 2006. Last year, however, the Justice Department notified the City that it was withholding its FY2017 award because the City was not in compliance with three newly implemented conditions (“the Challenged Conditions”). These conditions required greater coordination with federal officials on matters of immigration enforcement. The City filed suit to enjoin the Attorney General from withholding its award, and after discovery and extensive hearings, the District Court granted summary judgment in its favor.
The City attacked the government’s ability to impose the Challenged Conditions on several statutory and constitutional fronts. But we need only reach the threshold statutory question. Where, as here, the Executive Branch claims authority not granted to it in the Constitution, it “literally has no power to act ... unless and until Congress confers power upon it.” La. Pub. Serv. Comm’n v. FCC, 476 U.S. 355, 374, 106 S.Ct. 1890, 90 L.Ed.2d 369 (1986). Therefore, our inquiry is straightforward: did Congress empower the Attorney General to impose the Challenged Conditions?
Underlying this question, and potentially complicating its resolution, is the stark contrast in the priorities of the City and those of the Executive Branch regarding immigration

I. BACKGROUND
A. Byrne JAG and the Challenged Conditions Federal grants to state and local governments play a large role in facilitating national, state, and local policy. In FY2018 alone, the federal government was expected to give approximately $728 billion to state and local governments through 1,319 federal grant programs. Robert Jay Dilger, Cong. Research Serv., R40638, Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: A Historical Perspective on Contemporary Issues 1 (2018). These programs encompass a wide range of policy areas, from health care to special education to infrastructure projects. Our immediate concern, however, is one particular grant program for state and local law enforcement: the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program.
Byrne JAG, named for a fallen New York City police officer, was established in *280 2006 through the merger of two law enforcement grant programs. See Pub. L. No. 109-162, § 1111, 119 Stat. 2960, 3094 (2006). The Department of Justice administers the program through the Office of Justice Programs (“OJP”), which is headed by an Assistant Attorney General (“AAG”). Byrne JAG is the “primary provider of federal criminal justice funding to States and units of local government” and distributes over $80 million in awards each year. Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program FY 2017 Local Solicitation, Dep’t of Justice (Aug. 3, 2017); App. 332. It is a “formula grant,” meaning that funds are distributed among all grantees based on a statutorily fixed formula. In the case of Byrne JAG, the formula considers

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

two factors: population and violent crime statistics. See 34 U.S.C. § 10156. Once approved, grantees may spend those funds within any of the eight statutorily enumerated areas.1
Any “State or unit of local government” may submit an application to the Attorney General for this grant. Id. § 10153(a). Historically, the OJP has included a number of conditions on the application (over 50 for FY2017), most of which relate to program integrity or impose requirements for the handling of federal funds. Applicants must also certify that they “will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 10153(a)(5)(D). Philadelphia has received an award under Byrne JAG every year since the program’s inception in 2006. Its average annual award from the program is $2.5 million, which it has used to modernize courtroom technology, fund reentry programs for persons on release from prison, and operate substance abuse programs, among other programs.
In the FY2017 applications that are the subject of this case, the Department included three new conditions. These Challenged Conditions are:
• The Certification Condition. Grantees must “certify compliance with [8 U.S.C. § 1373 (“Section 1373”) ].” Backgrounder on Grant Requirements, Dep’t of Justice (July 25, 2017); App. 246. Section 1373 prohibits state and local governments from restricting the sharing of information relating to an individual’s immigration status—lawful or unlawful—with federal immigration officials.
• The Access Condition. Grantees must “permit personnel of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) to access any detention facility in order to meet with an alien and inquire as to his or her right to be or remain in the United States.” Id.
• The Notice Condition. Grantees must “provide at least 48 hours advance notice to DHS regarding the scheduled release date and time of an alien in the jurisdiction’s custody when DHS requests such notice in order to take custody of the alien.” Id.
The Attorney General maintains that these conditions are “designed to ensure that the activities of federal law-enforcement grant recipients do not impair the federal government’s ability to ensure public safety *281 and the rule of law by detaining and removing aliens upon their release from local criminal custody.” Att’y Gen. Br. 12.
Although the Certification Condition did not apply to FY2016 applications, DOJ asked ten jurisdictions, including Philadelphia, to submit legal opinions certifying

their compliance with Section 1373. Philadelphia submitted its letter in April 2017. Upon receiving letters from all ten jurisdictions, DOJ issued a press release on July 6, 2017. It stated that the Department was “in the process of reviewing” the letters, but also stated that “[i]t is not enough to assert compliance, the jurisdictions must actually be in compliance.” Press Release, Dep’t of Justice (July 6, 2017); App. 248.
B. Immigration Enforcement and Local Law Enforcement Under our federal system, “both the National and State Governments have elements of sovereignty the other is bound to respect.” Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S. 387, 398, 132 S.Ct. 2492, 183 L.Ed.2d 351 (2012). While the federal government has “broad, undoubted power over the subject of immigration and the status of aliens,”2 id. at 394, 132 S.Ct. 2492, the “States possess primary authority for defining and enforcing the criminal law,” United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 561 n.3, 115 S.Ct. 1624, 131 L.Ed.2d 626 (1995) (internal quotation omitted). These powers intersect when a state or city arrests an individual whom ICE would also like to apprehend for removal proceedings.3 This occurs frequently: 142,356 times in FY2017. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enf’t, Fiscal Year 2017 ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Report 8 (2017).
An important tool used by ICE in these situations is the immigration detainer. Once ICE identifies a removable alien who is in state or local custody, it cannot simply wrest that individual from custody. Instead, it may issue a detainer, which serves to “advise another law enforcement agency that [it] seeks custody of an alien presently in the custody of that agency, for the purpose of arresting and removing the alien.” 8 C.F.R. § 287. Detainers may ask two things of the state or local agency: that it notify ICE at least 48 hours before a removable alien is released from custody; and that it detain a removable alien for up to 48 hours past the time that the alien would have otherwise been released to allow ICE to apprehend the individual. ICE Operations Report, supra at 7. A detainer is a request, not a demand. Galarza v. Szalczyk, 745 F.3d 634, 642 (3d Cir. 2014) (“[D]etainers are not mandatory.”). And DHS’s current policy authorizes ICE officials to issue detainers only after obtaining an administrative warrant supported by a showing of probable cause that the alien is removable. ICE Operations Report, supra at 7-8.
Like the immigration detainer, Section 1373 seeks to facilitate cooperation between the State and National Governments. Specifically, it prohibits any restrictions on

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

the sharing of immigration information. Section 1373 provides in relevant part:
*282 [A] Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual.
8 U.S.C. § 1373(a).
C. Factual and Procedural History
1. Factual History
Philadelphia filed its FY2017 Byrne JAG application on September 5, 2017.4 The Department issued a “preliminary determination” of the application on October 11, stating that the City “appears to have laws, policies, or practices that violate 8 U.S.C. § 1373.” No doubt, this referred to policies adopted by police or executive order that limit the circumstances under which City officials will share immigration information with the federal government, permit federal officials to access City prison facilities, and coordinate with federal officials regarding the release of aliens from local custody.5 The City believes that these policies help foster trust between the immigrant community and law enforcement. It argues that such policies are “critical to reassure law-abiding residents that contact with the City government will not lead to deportation by ICE.” Philadelphia Br. 7.
2. Procedural History
This case has unfolded in four main acts: Philadelphia filed a complaint seeking to enjoin the Department from implementing the Challenged Conditions; the District

Court granted a preliminary injunction; the District Court granted summary judgement and a permanent injunction for the City; and, finally, the Attorney General filed this appeal.
On August 30, 2017, Philadelphia filed the complaint in this action against the Department of Justice in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The City sought to enjoin the Department from implementing the Challenged Conditions and a writ of mandamus compelling the Department to disburse its FY2017 Byrne JAG funds. The City argued that this relief was warranted for five reasons: the Department acted ultra vires in enacting the Challenged Conditions in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) and the Constitution’s separation *283 of powers; the Conditions were enacted arbitrarily and capriciously in violation of the APA; they violated the Spending Clause of the Constitution; the Certification Condition and Section 1373 violate the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution; and the City was, in fact, in substantial compliance with the Challenged Conditions. App. 411-63.
The District Court held extensive hearings and issued a preliminary injunction on November 15, 2017. In a thoughtful and well-reasoned opinion, the Court found that the City was likely to succeed on all of its claims, and enjoined the Department from denying its FY2017 application. See City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 280 F.Supp.3d 579 (E.D. Pa. 2017) (Philadelphia I ). The Department appealed the preliminary injunction to this Court on January 16, 2018. After filing its appeal, the case continued in the District Court, where the Department also filed a motion to dismiss the City’s complaint. The District Court denied this motion on March 13, 2018. See City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 309 F.Supp.3d 271 (E.D. Pa. 2018).
In two orders, the Court granted summary judgment for the City on all of its claims. See App. 93; City of Philadelphia v. Sessions, 309 F.Supp.3d 289 (E.D. Pa. 2018) (Philadelphia II ). It permanently enjoined the Department from enforcing the Challenged Conditions, ordered the Department to disburse the City’s FY2017 funds, and issued declaratory relief on all of the City’s legal claims. Furthermore, the Court issued additional relief, namely, ordering that “[t]o the extent an agency of the United States Government has probable cause to assert that an individual in the custody of the City of Philadelphia is a criminal alien ... and seeks transfer to federal custody of such individual within a city facility, it shall secure an order from a judicial officer of the United States for further detention, as allowed by law.” App. 191.
After the District Court issued this order, we dismissed

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

the Attorney General’s appeal of the preliminary injunction. The Attorney General filed this timely appeal of the Court’s grant of summary judgment and permanent injunction.
D. Related Litigation Philadelphia is not alone in being advised that its Byrne JAG award depends upon compliance with the Challenged Conditions. Indeed, several other jurisdictions have sued to enjoin enforcement of the Challenged Conditions, including the City of Chicago, the City and County of San Francisco, and the City of New York (which was joined by seven states—New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Washington, Massachusetts, and Virginia). In all of these cases, the courts that have ruled have enjoined enforcement of the Challenged Conditions. See City of Chicago v. Sessions, 264 F.Supp.3d 933 (N.D. Ill. 2017) (Chicago I ) (issuing a preliminary injunction as to the Notice and Access Conditions); City of Chicago v. Sessions, 888 F.3d 272 (7th Cir. 2018) (Chicago II ) (affirming the district court’s preliminary injunction); City of Chicago v. Sessions, 321 F.Supp.3d 855 (N.D. Ill. 2018) (Chicago III ) (issuing a permanent injunction); City & County of San Francisco v. Sessions, 349 F.Supp.3d 924, 2018 WL 4859528 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 5, 2018) (San Francisco) (issuing a permanent injunction after declining to issue a preliminary injunction); States of New York, et al. v. Dep’t of Justice, 343 F.Supp.3d 213 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) (New York, et al.) (issuing a permanent injunction).
II. JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and *284 1346. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the District Court’s findings of fact for clear error, and we review its legal conclusions de novo. Blackledge v. Blackledge, 866 F.3d 169, 177 (3d Cir. 2017). We review the scope of the District Court’s injunctive relief for abuse of discretion. Allstate Settlement Corp. v. Rapid Settlements, Ltd., 559 F.3d 164, 172 (3d Cir. 2009).

III. DISCUSSION
The District Court addressed each of the City’s contentions and ruled that: the Attorney General did not have statutory authority to promulgate the Challenged Conditions; he did so arbitrarily and capriciously; the Challenged Conditions violate the Spending Clause; the Certification Condition violates the Tenth Amendment; and the City was in substantial compliance with the Challenged Conditions. The Attorney General challenges these rulings and also argues that the District Court abused its discretion in granting injunctive relief.
We begin with the threshold issue: whether the Attorney General possessed the statutory authority to enact the Challenged Conditions. If the Attorney General did not have that authority, then we needn’t reach the other claims.
A. Statutory Authorization for the Challenged Conditions Where, as here, the Executive Branch is not acting pursuant to a constitutional power, it “literally has no power to act ... unless and until Congress confers power upon it.” La. Pub. Serv. Comm’n, 476 U.S. at 374, 106 S.Ct. 1890. An executive agency that acts without statutory authority violates the Administrative Procedure Act, see 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(C), and may run afoul of the constitutional separation of powers. Accordingly, we must determine whether Congress empowered the Attorney General to promulgate the Challenged Conditions. We consider three sources of authority offered by the Attorney General: first, the Byrne JAG statute, 34 U.S.C. §§ 10151–10158; second, the provision defining the duties of the AAG for OJP, 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a); and third, for the Certification Condition only, Section 10153(a)(5)(D) of the Byrne JAG statute.
In interpreting the meaning of these statutory provisions, we rely on the rules of statutory interpretation articulated by the Supreme Court and this Court. Our point of departure is the text of the statute. See Gov’t of Virgin Islands v. Knight, 989 F.2d 619, 633 (3d Cir. 1993). But we are mindful not to read provisions in isolation. Rather, we look to the text and structure of the statute as a whole. See K Mart Corp. v. Cartier, Inc., 486 U.S. 281, 291, 108 S.Ct. 1811, 100 L.Ed.2d 313 (1988). We are also guided by any relevant, well-established canons of statutory interpretation. See Schaar v. Lehigh Valley Health Servs., Inc., 598 F.3d 156, 160 (3d Cir. 2010).

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

1. The Byrne JAG Statute
The Attorney General argues that authorization for the Notice Condition and the Access Condition is found in the Byrne JAG statute itself.6 See Att’y Gen. Br. 23. He pursues this argument in the least depth, however, and for good reason. Such authorization is nowhere to be found in the text of the statute. As other courts have noted, the statute delegates some authority to the Attorney General, but it is exceptionally *285 limited in nature.7 See, e.g., San Francisco, 349 F.Supp.3d at 945, 2018 WL 4859528, at *10 (“[T]he Byrne JAG statute contains limited discretionary authority for the Attorney General to carry out specific parts of the grant program.”). Two aspects of the statute, however, deserve closer scrutiny. The first is cited by the Attorney General as authorizing the Notice and Access Conditions, and the second, although not relied on by the Attorney General, highlights just how little discretionary authority the statute confers on him.
First, the Attorney General has limited authority to monitor and review grantees’ program and financial information. For example, the statute directs him to require grantees to certify that program funds “will not be used to supplant State or local funds.” Id. § 10153(a)(1). He is directed to require “each program funded under this part [to] contain a program assessment component,” id. § 10152(c)(1), but he may waive that requirement if he deems that a program is “not of sufficient size to justify a full program assessment,” id. § 10152(c)(2). He must also direct applicants to report “data, records, and information (programmatic and financial)” that he may “reasonably require,” id. § 10153(a)(4), and require that grantees certify that “there has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies,” id. § 10153(a)(5).
The Attorney General argues that these latter two provisions—regarding data reporting and coordination with affected agencies—authorize the Notice and Access Conditions. See Att’y Gen. Br. 26. His theory is that notice of an alien’s release from custody constitutes “information” that the Attorney General may “reasonably require” and access to prison facilities constitutes “appropriate coordination” with an affected agency. But this interpretation stretches those provisions too far. The data-reporting requirement is expressly limited to “programmatic and financial” information—i.e., information regarding the handling of federal funds and the programs to which those funds are directed. It does not cover Department priorities unrelated to the grant program. Furthermore, the coordination requirement asks for a certification that there “has been” appropriate

coordination. Given that “Congress’ use of a verb tense is significant in construing statutes,” United States v. Wilson, 503 U.S. 329, 333, 112 S.Ct. 1351, 117 L.Ed.2d 593 (1992), and this provision is housed in a subsection containing several other certification requirements regarding a grantee’s application, we interpret it to require certification that there was appropriate coordination in connection with the grantee’s application. This does not serve as a basis to impose an ongoing requirement to coordinate on matters unrelated to the use of grant funds.
Second, certain provisions of the statute, and other provisions in the U.S. Code that expressly mention the Byrne JAG statute, give the Attorney General narrow authority to withhold or re-allocate funds under very limited circumstances.8 For example, *286 he may re-allocate funds among grantees and withhold a small percentage of funds from a particular grantee. The statute gives the Attorney General the authority to “reserve not more than 5 percent” of total funds in order to “address ... precipitous or extraordinary increases in crime” or to “mitigate significant programmatic harm resulting from operation of the formula” in one or more jurisdictions. 34 U.S.C. § 10157. This provision, however, authorizes the Attorney General to re-allocate funds only in those two, narrow circumstances. And it only allows the Attorney General to set aside five percent of the total Byrne JAG funds, leaving the formula in place for distribution of the remainder of the funds. It does not authorize the enactment of the Challenged Conditions or the withholding of the entirety of a particular jurisdiction’s award.
There are also circumstances in which the Attorney General may, or must, withhold Byrne JAG funds for a grantee’s failure to comply with certain federal laws. For example, he may withhold up to four percent of a jurisdiction’s Byrne JAG funds if it fails to meet certain requirements of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System. See 34 U.S.C. § 40914(b)(1). A mandatory reduction of five percent of Byrne JAG funds will occur if there are egregious violations. See id. § 40914(b)(2). The Attorney General also has the discretion to withhold “not more than [ ] 10-percent” of Byrne JAG funds if a jurisdiction fails to comply with “death-in-custody” reporting requirements. Id. § 60105(c)(2). All other delegations of this sort are similarly circumscribed. See id. § 20927(a) (mandatory ten percent penalty for failure to comply with the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act); id. § 30307(e)(2) (mandatory five percent penalty for failure to comply with the Prison Rape Elimination Act).
We discuss these provisions primarily to highlight what they do not authorize: the power to withhold all of a

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

grantee’s funds for any reason the Attorney General chooses. See Chicago II, 888 F.3d at 284 (“None of those provisions grant the Attorney General the authority to impose conditions that require states or local governments to assist in immigration enforcement, nor to deny funds to states or local governments for the failure to comply with those conditions.”). Moreover, as the District Court and the Seventh Circuit have observed,9 Congress knows how to grant this sort of broad discretionary authority when it wants. See 34 U.S.C. § 10446(e)(3) (Grants to Combat Violent Crime Against Women) (“In disbursing grants under this subchapter, the Attorney General may impose reasonable conditions on grant awards....”). But it has not done so here.
Such a grant of authority, if it existed, would also render the aforementioned limited grants of authority superfluous. If Congress had already given the Attorney General this sweeping authority to withhold all funds for any reason, it would have no need to delineate numerous, specific circumstances under which the Attorney General may withhold limited amounts of funds. Even if the statute were ambiguous—which it is not—we generally would not interpret such a provision to render superfluous more specific delegations of power. See, e.g., Gonzales v. Oregon, 546 U.S. 243, 262, 126 S.Ct. 904, 163 L.Ed.2d 748 (2006) (“It would be anomalous for Congress to have so painstakingly described *287 the Attorney General’s limited authority to deregister a single physician or schedule a single drug, but to have given him, just by implication, authority to declare an entire class of activity outside ‘the course of professional practice,’ and therefore a criminal violation of the CSA.”); see also Chicago II, 888 F.3d at 286 (“Against that backdrop, it is inconceivable that Congress would have anticipated that the Assistant Attorney General could abrogate the entire distribution scheme and deny all funds to states and localities that would qualify under the Byrne JAG statutory provisions, based on the Assistant Attorney General’s decision to impose his or her own conditions—the putative authority for which is provided in a different statute.”).
Finding no authority for the Challenged Conditions in the Byrne JAG statute or other provisions that specifically mention it, we turn to the Attorney General’s next suggested source of authority.
2. The Duties and Functions of Assistant Attorney General

The Attorney General also argues that all three conditions are authorized by 34 U.S.C. § 10102, the provision establishing the “Duties and Functions of Assistant Attorney General” for the Office of Justice Programs. That provision provides, in relevant part, that “[t]he Assistant Attorney General shall”:
exercise such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General, including placing special conditions on all grants, and determining priority purposes for formula grants.
34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) (emphasis added). The Attorney General argues that because this provision authorizes “placing special conditions on all grants,” it authorizes placing the Challenged Conditions on the Byrne JAG grant.
But the Attorney General’s argument runs headlong into an obstacle: the word “including.”10 In the Attorney General’s view, the Special Conditions Clause confers upon the AAG new authority, not found elsewhere in the Code, to establish conditions on grants. This clause, however, is preceded by the word “including,” which is used to denote something that is within a larger whole. See Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, 1143 (3d ed. 1993) (defining “include” as “to place, list, or rate as a part or component of a whole or of a larger group class or aggregate”). In the case of this provision, “including” signifies that the Special Conditions Clause is part of “such other powers and functions as may be vested in the Assistant Attorney General pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General.” 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(6) (emphasis added). Therefore, under the plain text of this provision, the AAG has the power to place special conditions on grants only to the extent that such power has been vested in him or her “pursuant to this chapter or by delegation of the Attorney General.” As we discussed in the previous section, the broad authority he urges has not been vested in the Attorney General or the AAG in the Byrne JAG statute or anywhere else *288 in the United States Code. Therefore, the Special Conditions Clause cannot authorize this power on its own.
The structure of Section 10102 also casts serious doubt on the Attorney General’s interpretation. The Special

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

Conditions Clause is housed in the sixth of six subsections delineating the AAG’s power. The preceding five subsections all deal with the AAG’s power to disseminate criminal justice information and coordinate with various agencies and officials. See 34 U.S.C. § 10102(a)(1)-(5). The principle of noscitur a sociis—“a word is known by the company it keeps”—is helpful here. Yates v. United States, ––– U.S. ––––, 135 S.Ct. 1074, 1085, 191 L.Ed.2d 64 (2015). Given the ministerial nature of the powers in the preceding five subsections, we would be hesitant to find such a sweeping grant of authority in the sixth subsection absent clear language to support that interpretation.11 Moreover, hiding such a broad power—the power to place any special conditions on all grants—in a statute outlining ministerial duties for an Assistant Attorney General would be akin to hiding an elephant in a mousehole. And Congress “does not, one might say, hide elephants in mouseholes.” Whitman v. Am. Trucking Ass’ns, 531 U.S. 457, 468, 121 S.Ct. 903, 149 L.Ed.2d 1 (2001).
Given its text and structure, 34 U.S.C. § 10102 does not authorize the Attorney General’s imposition of the Challenged Conditions. We turn, then, to the Attorney General’s final statutory argument.
3. All Other Applicable Federal Laws
The Attorney General next argues that the Certification Condition is authorized by 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D). This section of the Byrne JAG statute requires applicants to certify that they “will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.” Id. § 10153(a)(5)(D) (emphasis added). The Attorney General argues that Section 1373—discussed supra, I. B., prohibiting restrictions on the sharing of information regarding immigration status—is an applicable federal law, as it applies to local government entities. Accordingly, he argues that he is authorized to require applicants to certify their compliance with that law. The City responds, however, that the Applicable Laws Clause only covers laws that “expressly govern federal grants or grantees.” Philadelphia Br. 20. At first blush, both parties’ interpretations have merit—the text does not explicitly indicate to whom, or to what, the laws must be applicable. But closer scrutiny of the text, structure, and history of the provision leads us to reject the Attorney General’s expansive view.
Starting with the text, we observe that 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5)(D) contains an initial specific phrase

followed by a general phrase: a grant applicant must certify that it “will comply with [1] all provisions of this part and [2] all other applicable Federal laws.” In these situations, the principle of ejusdem generis teaches that “the *289 general term should be understood as a reference to subjects akin to the one with specific enumeration.” Norfolk & W. Ry. Co. v. Am. Train Dispatchers Ass’n, 499 U.S. 117, 129, 111 S.Ct. 1156, 113 L.Ed.2d 95 (1991). But “[t]he absence of a list of specific items undercuts the inference embodied in ejusdem generis.” Ali v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, 552 U.S. 214, 225, 128 S.Ct. 831, 169 L.Ed.2d 680 (2008) (emphasis added). If the general phrase (“all other applicable Federal laws”) were preceded by a list of specific federal laws, then our task would be much easier. But here we find only “one specific and one general category.” Id. Moreover, the specific phrase (“all provisions of this part”) tells us little about the meaning of the general phrase. In short, ejusdem generis does not get us very far in interpreting “all other applicable Federal laws.”
But several other considerations all suggest that Section 1373 is not an “applicable” law. First, the canon against surplusage counsels us to read the term “applicable” in a way that gives it some independent heft. See Paek v. Att’y Gen., 793 F.3d 330, 337 (3d Cir. 2015) (“The canon against surplusage counsels us to give effect to every word of a statute.”). Here, the term “applicable” avoids being redundant only by doing some limiting work beyond delineating the set of all federal laws that would “appl[y]” to an entity like Philadelphia. Otherwise, Congress could have simply written that a grant applicant must certify compliance with “all other Federal laws.” See San Fransisco, 349 F.Supp.3d at 954, 2018 WL 4859528 at *17 (“[I]t is superfluous to interpret ‘all other applicable Federal laws’ as ‘all Federal laws.’ ”). Thus, the word “applicable” must have a narrower meaning than one that sweeps in all possible laws that independently apply to a grant applicant.
Second, the noscitur a sociis canon—discussed supra, III. A. 2.—provides further guidance. The Applicable Laws Clause is located in the fourth of four subsections, all of which require certifications that must be included in a Byrne JAG application. These four requirements provide that an “application shall include ... [a] certification ... that”:
(A) the programs to be funded by the grant meet all the requirements of this part;
(B) all the information contained in the application is correct;
(C) there has been appropriate coordination with

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

affected agencies; and
(D) the applicant will comply with all provisions of this part and all other applicable Federal laws.
34 U.S.C. § 10153(a)(5). These requirements all relate to the programs that will be funded under the grant. See San Francisco, 349 F.Supp.3d at 954, 2018 WL 4859528, at *17 (“[A]ll the other conditions in Section 10153(a) apply to the grant itself.”); New York, et al., 343 F.Supp.3d at 231 (“The structure of § 10153, which concerns requirements pertaining to the grant and the application, points toward the [more narrow] reading.”). This is evident on the face of the first requirement. The second requirement necessarily deals with programs funded under the grant, as the bulk of information contained in the application is regarding the use of grant funds. And we can infer that the requirement that there “has been appropriate coordination with affected agencies” relates to coordination that had occurred in compiling a grantee’s application. Although not dispositive, these narrow neighboring provisions counsel against a broad interpretation of the Applicable Laws Clause. Thus, it would be reasonable to view “all other applicable Federal laws” to refer specifically to laws that apply to operations relating *290 to the grant, not to require the City to certify compliance with every single law that might apply to it.
Third, the historical practice of the Justice Department is also an important interpretive tool. See N.L.R.B. v. Noel Canning, 573 U.S. 513, 134 S.Ct. 2550, 2560, 189 L.Ed.2d 538 (2014) (“[T]he longstanding ‘practice of the government’ can inform our determination of ‘what the law is.’ ”) (quoting McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, 4 Wheat. 316, 401, 4 L.Ed. 579 (1819), and Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch 137, 177, 5 U.S. 137, 2 L.Ed. 60 (1803) ). Here, the Justice Department’s historical practice does not comport with the broad interpretation that it urges in this case. Every condition that is authorized by the Applicable Laws Clause applies specifically to programs funded under the grant, not more generally to the grantee.12
The Attorney General points to several conditions—such as compliance with laws regarding human research, body armor purchases, and military equipment purchases—as establishing a practice of conditioning Byrne JAG funds on certification of compliance with broader categories of federal law. But these conditions are not blanket requirements with which the grantee must comply under all circumstances; rather, their applicability is conditioned on whether federal funds are used in a particular area. See, e.g., App. 379 (requiring compliance with 28 C.F.R. § 46, which sets out regulations for human research that is “conducted or supported by a federal department or agency”). For example, if a grantee uses funds to purchase

body armor or military style equipment, then it must comply with the applicable federal regulations regarding those purchases. And if a grantee uses funds to conduct research on human subjects, then it must comply with the applicable federal regulations in that area. The Certification Condition is written differently: regardless of how a grantee uses its funds, it must certify compliance with this federal law. The Attorney General has not pointed to any historical precedent for the kind of unconditional requirement it now seeks to impose.
Fourth, as we have noted, Congress structured the Byrne JAG program as a “formula grant,” under which a jurisdiction’s award is calculated through a formula that considers only population and violent crime statistics. The Attorney General asserts that the Applicable Laws Clause authorizes him to condition Byrne JAG funds on compliance with any law in the U.S. Code. But that reading of the Clause would destabilize the formula nature of the grant. Allowing the Attorney General to withhold all funds because a jurisdiction does not certify compliance with any federal law of the Attorney General’s choosing undermines the predictability and consistency embedded in the program’s design, thus turning the formula grant into a discretionary one. Moreover, if Byrne JAG were intended to be a discretionary grant, one would think that Congress would house it in the section of the U.S. Code containing discretionary Justice Department grants, see 34 U.S.C. Subt. I, Ch. 101, Subch. V, Part B (“Discretionary Grants”), not its own, neighboring section, see 34 U.S.C. Subt. I, Ch. 101, Subch. V., Part A (“Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program”).
Finally, there is reason to doubt that even under a broad reading of the Applicable Laws Clause, Section 1373 would apply. In the “Administrative Provisions” *291 section of the same chapter of the code as the Applicable Laws Clause, Congress provided:
Nothing in this chapter or any other Act shall be construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or control over any police force or any other criminal justice agency of any State or any political subdivision thereof.
34 U.S.C. § 10228. Under the plain terms of this provision, the Applicable Laws Clause “shall” not be

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

“construed” to authorize the Department to “exercise any direction, supervision, or control” over Philadelphia Police. But under the Attorney General’s reading of the Applicable Laws Clause, Section 1373 would authorize the Department to direct, supervise, or control Philadelphia Police communications with ICE. Section 10228 may therefore be a statutory limit to which laws are “applicable” under the Applicable Laws Clause.
Accordingly, we find that Section 1373 is not an applicable law for the purposes of Byrne JAG.
* * *
After reviewing the three sources of authority offered by the Attorney General, we hold that Congress has not empowered the Attorney General to enact the Challenged Conditions. Because the Attorney General exceeded his statutory authority in promulgating the Challenged Conditions, we needn’t reach Philadelphia’s other arguments. Therefore, all that remains for the purposes of our review is the District Court’s injunctive order.
B. The Judicial Warrant Injunction In its final judgment and decree, the District Court issued injunctive relief establishing that a judicial warrant shall be necessary to transfer a criminal alien to federal custody. The order provides, in relevant part:
To the extent an agency of the United States Government has probable cause to assert that an individual in the custody of the City of Philadelphia is a criminal alien (as previously defined by this Court in City of Philadelphia v. Sessions [309 F.Supp.3d 289, 314 n. 3], 2018 WL 2725503, *19 n. 3 (E.D. Pa. June 6, 2018), and seeks transfer to federal custody of such individual within a city facility, it shall secure an order from a judicial officer of the United States for further detention, as allowed by law.
App. 191. The Attorney General asks that, even if we find for the City on the merits—which we have done—we vacate this section of the order. In a memorandum

accompanying the Order, the District Court explained that the order was necessary to shield the City from legal liability that might arise if it detained an individual pursuant to an immigration detainer who should have otherwise been released. App. 194. The Court stated that, with this order, “[t]his risk can be easily eliminated.” App. 194.
We do not doubt, as the District Court rightly decided, that equitable relief was warranted in this case. See Philadelphia II, 309 F.Supp.3d at 338-43. The question before us, however, is whether the Court’s order swept too broadly.13 While there are tried and true standards for determining when equitable relief is warranted, see, e.g., Shields v. Zuccarini, 254 F.3d 476, 482 (3d Cir. 2001) (discussing the four-part test for determine when a permanent injunction is warranted), there is less authority regarding the scope of *292 equitable relief. The Supreme Court has instructed that the equity power of the federal courts is confined to “the system of judicial remedies which had been devised and was being administered by the English Court of Chancery at the time of the separation of the two countries.” Grupo Mexicano de Desarrollo S.A. v. All. Bond Fund, Inc., 527 U.S. 308, 318, 119 S.Ct. 1961, 144 L.Ed.2d 319 (1999). We have stated, consistent with many of our sister circuits, that “injunctive relief should be ‘no more burdensome to the defendant than necessary to provide complete relief to plaintiffs.’ ” Novartis Consumer Health, Inc. v. Johnson & Johnson-Merck Consumer Pharm. Co., 290 F.3d 578, 598 (3d Cir. 2002) (quoting Califano v. Yamasaki, 442 U.S. 682, 702, 99 S.Ct. 2545, 61 L.Ed.2d 176 (1979) ); see also Waldman Publ’g Corp. v. Landoll, Inc., 43 F.3d 775, 785 (2d. Cir. 1994) (“Injunctive relief should be narrowly tailored to fit specific legal violations.”); Hayes v. N. State Law Enf’t Officers Ass’n, 10 F.3d 207, 217 (4th Cir. 1993) (“An injunction should be tailored to restrain no more than what is reasonably required to accomplish its ends.”) (internal quotation omitted). In short, equitable relief should be “dictated by the extent of the violation established.” Califano, 442 U.S. at 702, 99 S.Ct. 2545.
Our review of the scope of the District Court’s injunction, then, has two aspects: first, we must determine “the extent of the violation established,” id.; and second, we must determine whether the injunction is “more burdensome to the defendant than necessary to provide complete relief to plaintiffs.” Novartis, 290 F.3d at 598. On the first point, we have already addressed the legal violation at length: the Attorney General acted ultra vires in imposing the three Challenged Conditions on Byrne JAG grants. Several aspects of the District Court’s order are narrowly tailored to remedying this legal wrong, including enjoining the Attorney General from enforcing the

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

Challenged Conditions on Philadelphia’s application and ordering the Attorney General to issue Philadelphia’s FY2017 award. Both of these orders speak directly to the dispute over the Challenged Conditions.
The judicial warrant requirement, however, goes beyond the bounds of the complaint. While the District Court’s concerns regarding the legality of holding an alien pursuant to a detainer may well be legitimate, they are not part of this case and controversy. Nor, as we noted above, is the broader policy dispute between the City and the Attorney General regarding immigration enforcement. The order extends outside of this particular case and controversy and into those disputes.

“the hardest thing to defend”). Accordingly, we hold that the District Court abused its discretion as to the scope of the equitable relief and will vacate its order to the extent it imposed a requirement that the federal government obtain a *293 judicial warrant before seeking custody of aliens in City custody.
IV. CONCLUSION

Moreover, the other aspects of the order entered by the District Court afford the City full and complete relief. The City filed its complaint to enjoin the Attorney General from denying its Byrne JAG award based on unlawfully imposed conditions. The other aspects of the District Court’s order require that the Attorney General distribute the City’s FY2017 award and refrain from ever enforcing the Challenged Conditions. A district court has discretion

For the aforementioned reasons, we hold that the Attorney General did not have statutory authority to impose the Challenged Conditions. We also determine that the District Court abused its discretion in granting broader injunctive relief than was warranted. Accordingly, we will affirm the District Court’s order to the extent it is supported by this opinion, and we will vacate its order as it pertains to the judicial warrant requirement.

to fashion equitable remedies, but these aspects of the

order left the City wanting nothing by way of further remedies. The judicial warrant requirement was not

All Citations

requested in the District Court and was not defended with any vigor at oral argument. See Oral Argument

916 F.3d 276

Transcript, 52 (stating that the District Court’s order is

Footnotes

1

Byrne JAG funds may be used for the following programs: “(A) Law enforcement programs. (B) Prosecution and

court programs. (C) Prevention and education programs. (D) Corrections and community corrections programs. (E)

Drug treatment and enforcement programs. (F) Planning, evaluation, and technology improvement programs. (G)

Crime victim and witness programs (other than compensation). (H) Mental health programs and related law

enforcement and corrections programs, including behavioral programs and crisis intervention teams.” 34 U.S.C. §

10152(a)(1).

2

Within the Executive Branch, immigration enforcement falls primarily to DHS. And within DHS, U.S. Immigration and

Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) is the law enforcement agency tasked with identifying, apprehending, and removing

aliens from the United States.

3

“Removal” is synonymous with “deportation.” But as a matter of legal terminology, the Illegal Immigration Reform

and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-208, replaced all references to “deportation” with

“removal.” See I.N.S. v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289, 315, 121 S.Ct. 2271, 150 L.Ed.2d 347 (2001).

4

Philadelphia intended to use FY2017 funds to support the Police Commissioner’s “Crime Fighting Strategy,” support

the City’s “Reality Based Training Unit,” purchase supplies for inner-city youth initiatives, and purchase naxalone for

officers responding to opioid overdoses. See S.A. 23.

5

Specifically, the policies at issue are:

The Confidentiality Memo. Police Memorandum 01-06, adopted in May 2001, directs law enforcement officers to

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)

share immigration information with the federal government under limited circumstances: when required by law, when the immigrant consents, or when the “immigrant is suspected of engaging in criminal activity.” App. 250-51. The Confidentiality Order. Executive Order 8-09, enacted in November 2009, bars law enforcement officers from inquiring about a person’s immigration status, “unless the status itself is a necessary predicate of a crime the officer is investigating or unless the status is relevant to identification of a person who is suspected of committing a crime.” App. 254. The Detainer Order. Executive Order 5-16, enacted in January 2016, bars City officials from detaining an immigrant pursuant to an ICE detainer or from providing notice of the immigrant’s release, unless the request is accompanied by a judicial warrant. App. 258-59. The Inmate Consent Form. These consent forms are distributed to incarcerated individuals whom ICE requests to interrogate. The forms require the inmate’s consent before ICE is permitted access to the facility to conduct an interview. App. 263.

6

The Attorney General asserts that one provision of the Byrne JAG statute, § 10153(a)(5)(D), authorizes the

Certification Condition but not the Notice and Access Conditions. We will discuss that provision separately, infra III.

A. 3.

7

For example, the Attorney General may determine the “form” of the application, 34 U.S.C. § 10153(a); he may waive

the prohibition on using funds on vehicles, luxury items, real estate, and construction projects, id. § 10152(d)(2); and

he may provide “technical assistance” to jurisdictions that request it, id. § 10153(b)(1).

8

The Attorney General does not rely on these provisions, but we think that consideration of them is necessary to

make our analysis complete. The limited scope of authority granted by these provisions stands in stark contrast to

the broad authority the Attorney General seeks.

9

See City of Philadelphia I, 280 F.Supp.3d at 616 (“Congress delegated authority to impose conditions on other grants

in the same chapter, and did so clearly.”); Chicago II, 888 F.3d at 286 (“Congress knew how to grant such authority,

and explicitly did so in another statute within the same Act.”).

10 Several other federal courts have identified this flaw in the Attorney General’s reasoning. See, e.g., Chicago II, 888 F.3d at 285 (“Because that interpretation is so obviously belied by the plain meaning of the word ‘including,’ the Attorney General’s position is untenable.”); New York, et al., 343 F.Supp.3d at 228 (“The problem for Defendants is that the [Clause] begins with the word ‘including.’ ”); San Francisco, 349 F.Supp.3d at 948, 2018 WL 4859528, at *12 (“The clause begins with the word ‘including,’ conveying a reference to part of a whole.”).

11 In stating this, we join the District Court and several other federal courts. See Chicago II, 888 F.3d at 285 (“§ 10102(a)(6) would be an unlikely place for Congress to place a power as broad as the one the Attorney General asserts.”); Philadelphia I, 280 F.Supp.3d at 617 (“Congress is unlikely to ground the Attorney General’s authority to impose substantive conditions in a subsection dedicated to conferring power on the AAG.”); New York, et al., 343 F.Supp.3d at 228 (“[Section 10102] would be an odd place indeed to put a sweeping power to impose any conditions on any grants—a power much more significant than all of the duties and powers that precede it in the listing, and a power granted to the Assistant Attorney General that was not granted to the Attorney General.”) (quoting Chicago II, 888 F.3d at 285).

12 While the Attorney General does not expressly state the statutory authority for each condition, the City does. See App. 391-400. The Attorney General does not take issue with the City’s account.

13 “We review the terms of an injunction for abuse of discretion.” Allstate Settlement Corp. v. Rapid Settlements, Ltd., 559 F.3d 164, 172 (3d Cir. 2009).

City of Philadelphia v. Attorney General of United States, 916 F.3d 276 (2019)