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dismptivebebaviors.

. Re-entryUnlq SecurltyLevelS-SecurityLevelS incentivebasd specialhousing unitsthathouse olenderswlth24monthsor1= rem ainingontheirsentence;R-tntly unitsprovidepro- du ipwd

toprepareofenderstoreenterscciety.Som eso icesprovidedduringre-entryareeducation,substance

abusetreatmenqjobtraining,andriskassessment LevelSofrenderswith24monthsorlesstore-enA

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willbeimmtdiately directed into are-enA pmgram thatincorporatu acceleratedstagesofsecudl

wi+ thegoalofprovidingaperiodofsocialia uonpn'ortoreleasttoiecommunity.

SeturltyLevd K(SLO -TheoFender'ssrststm downfromLevelSintogtnsplpopulation;thtrewillbe
p eateropportunitiesto socialhe with otherofenders. Security Level6 offenderswillbe mxnaged in
aLcecvoerldaSnacnedwwithillObpeerpartoinvjTdpemdcwe1d1urper2o4gr1l.%mmS%!'ngctaunreddbLehivaivnigorUgnoitaPlsroagllmowminwgi+theinmcrteoasee.dmpreilvigileibgileistyovfoerr

additionalprivilege:.Level6oFendeo areusessedandassignedto:

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@ IntenslveMaaagementSeeurl? Level6ClosedPod(X -SL@ -HousingreservedforoFecders,
possibly fadng along term inhigh security,whohavesuccessh lly compl4ted necesso pro lng
requiredtostep down from Security LevelS intoLevel6;.

. SeturelntegratedPod(S1P)(SL6)-Housingreservedforolend= whoexyressresist=cetooutof cellacevitie orageneralpopulationenvimnmentan&ordisjlayapattem ofmtentionallycommitting
minordiscipline vjolatiom to enmzre they a retained in sep egation;pm ing willfocuson s% tegiœ to reintegrateolendersinto ageneralpopulationsetting inpreparation foradvancementto a

lowersecuritylevel.

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vicfmization by otheroffendea % arAmlltoftheircognitiv: impairmtnt;pro mg willfocuson

stabiliza*on and increasing l eirresiliency to detee ne ifthey are appm pHate forliving in general

Populatiom

* . Stepe ownPod:PbaaeIandPhaxeH (SLO -Po* desie edforosendersinpregarationfore nsfer

toalowersv ln'? level;pmgrammingwillfocusonbeginnlngthepv M.qofre-sx lalizationfollowing

' potendallylengthyperiM xhousedinsepegation.Ofrendea willworktownM pe icipationiillimited

gtneralpopuladonactivitiessuchu butnotlimittdtor- eati ls ro 'g,etc.

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unitthttmcb.measures.andadvnnoesorlow- olendea toapgropriateprivilegtlevtlsbase on

establishd trikria. M tmbers may consistnfUnitM ànager,sxun? supewisor,Cotmmelor,Om cer,

M entalHeall andlnvu tigator.Additionalmember:canbeincludeda:needed.

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A.Eligibilil CrittriaforAssignmenttoSecurityLevelS

1.% l:segregationisnotascoredsecurity level,iti,atypeofhousingreservedforspecialpurpese bd a i- entwhichisutilizedbyfacilitit:pndtrproptradminis% tiveproce-q.qforthtpxttctive careandmM agem entofoFenders.
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'2.TinhdeicaStteptehgaatiaonno9fufeanldisetrashloisutleddbiencOopnesridaetirnegd Pfororceaduiraem8e3n0t.2t,oSSeceucrulrtyityLLeveevlelCSll.az/Excltrlel/ma:.
consideation< llb:giventoo/enderswhomettthefollowingclittia:

&.Osendenm singaneminentriskforexe meordeadlyviolenceagainstsklroroieroFendel

b.Oltndea thatposeaseriousescaperisk

c.Ofrendea sentencedforacrimethatresultedinpublicnotorit? thatwouldcreateaseHousrisk ofdangertothemselvesfrom othero/endea.(n isdxsnotreplaceolendersthat.wouldbe

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assigned to protective custody.)

4 Rrtrptescapeorauempte:escaperrom asecurefacility

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.e.Pattem ofexceuiveviolentdisciplinae ehargesreqectinginabilitytoadjusttoaIower.ltvelof

Case

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Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 54-1 Filed 05/18/16 Page 4 of 12 Pageid#: 328

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Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 54-1 Filed 05/18/16 Page 11 of 12 Pageid#: 335

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Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 54-1 Filed 05/18/16 Page 12 of 12 Pageid#: 336

'

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EffectiveDate

N um ber

January 1.2015

830.2

Am enge
supersedes

operatingLevel
ssaumunt

O eratin Procedure 830.2 1/1/12

Authority

cOV 553.1-10,j53.1-32.1

subject

'

ACA/PREA standards

SECURJTY LEVEL C LASSIH CATION ' 4-4295,4-4296,4-4300;2-CO-4B-01

IncarceratedOffenderAceess FolfExtmpt YesZ NoZ OftkeofPrimaryResponsibility

YesH

..No(Z1 Attachments YesZ /4.NoZ DirectorofOffenderManagementServices

.

PUR POSE
Thisoperatingprocedureestablishesprotocolsgoverningthe security levelassignmentofoffenderswithin Departm en'tofCorrectionsin'stitutiond.

I1. COM PLIANCE
ThisoperatingprocedureappliestoallunitsoperatedbytheDepartmentofCorrections(DOC).Practices
and proceduresshallcom ply with applicable StateandFederallawsandregulations,BoardofCorrections policiesandregulations,ACA standards,PREA standards,andD OC directivesand operatingprocedures.

111. DEFINITION S

.

Acceptability -The lev'e'1ofacceptance oftheofftnderby the community;specifically,thelength of

sentence and nature ofthe.crim e may precludethe offenderfrom being approyed. Acceptability can be

assessed'using such 'döcuments asthe Pre-sentence Investigation,and other dooum entation related to

.
expressedcom munity sefltim ent.

.

'

A nàualReview -A ùniform yearly review ofan offender's.needsandobjectives;thelnitialClassification Date(ICD)isusedtoestablishthereview dateforanoffenderreceivedonorafterFebruary 1,2006.The
CustodyResponsibilityDateICIlDIisusedto establishthereview.dateforan offenderredeivedpriorto
February 1,2006. '

centralClassincationServices(CCs)-jtaffmembersfrom theOffendçrMahagementServicesUnit
who review certain recom m éndationsm adebytheInstitutionalClassifitatién Authority and renderafinal

decisionm gardingoffenderstatusarid assiynm ents.

Eligibility -Théutilization ofobjective,mbasuràbl.e,standardsor.criteriato determinean offender's program status(transfer,securitylevel,program plaçement,etc.).

Increase.in secui-iw Lével- A securiw levelstàtks change w hich increases the am ountof phyiical

rIensittriaailntC.aln%dssilutpc. eartvioisnioDnamtequgi,rCedb,)i.-e.Thhige.hf'dera'tseecounriwty'hlie'cvh.e.tl.hne'umofbfeenr.d.erwas..initially

assigned

to

.
'
a .security

''
Level '

..

.

'

. I

.

.

'

,.

InstitutionàlClaàsiicationAuthoritygCA)-Tlie.facilitystaffperspn. designatedtocon(juct.oysyjtjer

caserektew héàrings.

' . .

lrteesdtr1a!icnttiùann:dinj.usp(e:rcvuir.si(lt.oyn.Lr,eetv.ue.ilfe-dA,i.'es.ecl.oliwiçtyrsI'èeckuerlitsytaletuvselçnhùamn.jbeerwh'ith.

decreasey the >rlfount of physical .., '

securityLeveluA meâsureo?thedegreeofphysicalrestraintandsupervisionihasisrequiredtomaintain

adetuqteconkolover'anoffendecto prçventescqpes,minimizerisk pfstaffandoffen'ée.rinjul'y,and

maintainorderlyfacili!yoperationswhileprovidiùgforthesafetyofthçjeneralpubli,c.

'
spitability-A reasoned,professionaljpdgmentregardinganoffender's.abil.itytoperform inâ.certain

security levelorfaéilityenvironment;itvallsforadiscerningjudgmèntrelativetoleng'thofsentencej

crim

e,priorrecord,'àz

pellassociological,m

edicql,and ,

psyciiologicalconsid.eratiohs.

Sqitability

differs

witheachindiyidualoffeuderdependingu/ontheoffender'sfacility,paroleeligibllity,M andatoryParole

.

.

.

J

Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB DocumePnagt e514o-f210Filed 05/18/16 Page 1 of 25 Pageid#: 337

OperatingProcedure:330.2 January 1,2015

ReleaseDateoiGoodTim eReleaseDate.
VA CORTS -The com puter-based VirginiaD epartm entofCorrectionsoffenderinform ation m anagem ent system

1V . PROCEDURE

A .SecurityLevelClassification

1. Classification ofoffendersinto appropriatesecurity levelsand assignmentto facilitiesequipped to
Provide appropriate security enhances public,stai-f,and offender safety by erisuring that each
offenderreceivestheappropriatelevelofcontroland m anagem entwhilereduçingtheoperating cost
o?theDOC byensuringthatQffenders.areassignedtotheleastrestrictivesecurityIevelnecessary
andnotsubjectedtoexcessivecontrolandmanagement.(4-4295;2-CO-4B-01)

SecurityLevelsincurrentusageare;(4-4296)
Securitv Levels 1-M inim um 2-M oderate 3-M edium
4 -Close
5-M axim um 6-SecurityLevelSSteo- -doWn
.

Specialw Designations U -Unassigned D -HearingImpaired H -Non CompliantwithGroom ing
P -ProtectiveCustody
T -Transition X -DeathRow s -segregation

3. Thesecurity levelclassification system providesforannualreview sofsecurity levelto providethe
'opjortunity for systematic decrease in supervision and corresponding increase in offender
' responsibility allow ingtheoffenderto benefitfrom additionalprogram m atic,educational,andw ork
opportunitièsinpreparationforreentry.(4-4296;4-430042-CO-4B-01)

4. Classitication decisionsinvolvethe assessm entofeach casebased on adetennination ofbligibility,

suitbility,andaéceptability.

.

.

a.An offendef'seligibilityforaspecificsecurity levelwillbedeterminedby useofan approved

scoringinstrum ent.

'b.M andatory restrictorsand discretionary ovenidesm ay be used in d,eterm ining suitability and/or

accepiabilityinindividualcases;

'

c.Thijsystem jrovidesan'accurateassessmentofsecurity needsatthevariousfacilities,and

providesex ciency in m atching offenderstoexisting programs.

'

5. A uthority toassignoffendersedurity levels.isvestedwithCeritralClassificationServices(CCS)but
m aybgdelegated in accordancewiththisoperatingprocedùre.

6. The.DirectorofCorrections,through CCS,hasthe authority to assign any offenderto any facility

deemed appropriateto facilitateeffectivebed m apagem entand m aintpin orderly operatîonswithout

anIdA hearirjj.

.

7. CCS willcontinuoujly m onitorand evaluatethe.securfty levelclassification system to determ ine

'

.

whèthçritisnieetingDOC neçdstùpioperlymatchoffenberswithavailablefacilitybedspaçebaséd '

onsecuritylevelassigpments.(4-:4295)

8.Al1initial'mpd reclassification jecurity levelassigdments and èhanges Willbe docùmented in

VACORISandreportectusinjtheInqtitutionalC/cuu/cà/fénAuthorityHearingRepobtgeneratedin

VACORIS.

' ,

9.tieClays6cationAsqessmentmustbecompletedilzVACUIUSpriortoth:hzitialsecuritylevel .

classitk ation and reviewed and upd>ted asnecessary for any subséquentsecurity levelorarmual

'

ieviewk.

'

' '

.

B.Bligibilityèriteria

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'

Operating Procedqre:830.2 January 1,2015

l. Initialeligibility for specific Security Levels willbe determ iped using the InitialSecurity Level ScoreSheetinVACORISforoffendersreceivingtheirfirstclassification sinceenteringtheDOC.

2. Eligibility for reclassification into specific Security Levelj w ill be detennined using the
Reclass#cationSecurityLevelScoreSheetinVACORIS.

3.TheSecurity LevelScoring Guide(seeAddendum 1)providesguidanceincompletingtheSecurity

'

LevelScoreSheqts(seeAttachment1andAttachment2for'work sheets).TheSeverityof Offense

Scale (see Attachment3) and Disc+linaly Reports'everf/y Scale (see Attachment4)provide

inform ationforthosedata'item s.

4. Pointscorerangesforeach SecurityLevelareasfollows:

' a. M aleOffenders

.

Scored

Security Level

Scored Security Level

-l-tl-F6)Iltlirlts............Iwk,A?()l1

;!t;-31;)()il1ts-............1.k)Ar(llzt

1()-1t;1)()i11ts.............lwk)h/i,l;!

3;!-F1)()irlts................1wd,Ark,l5

1-7-;!5I)tlirlts.............Iwt):lk,13

b.Femaleöffenders

Scored

Security Level

Scored Security Level

.

To+ 12points..........Levell

l8+ points................Level3

13-17points.............Leyel2

'

'

C.Determ ining SuitabilityandAcceptability

jtrl...
1,tf

' .1.lInnvaedstdiijtiaotnionto(PtShIe),oibnjseticttuivtieonsacloardej,udstemciesniotn,nmatatzkreerosfmthuesotfwfeenisgehts)in,tfoimrmeattoiosnerivne,tahnedPorteh-esrefnatcetnocres

rf'

affectingthelevelofriskanoffenderm ayposetofacility orderortothecom m unity.

isj')F

.

. .

.

.

. yf .

2. M andatoryRegtriètorsmustbeinvpied iftheoverallscoredoesnotadequatelyreflectthelevelof

.

.

.

)

. riskthe6ffenderwillpresentinareducedsecuritylevel.

.

a.Any'offender*ho sporeswithin any security levelmay havetheirsecurity levelassignment

'
,
nïe

changed

on

the

basis of.the M

and'atorv*'

Restrictorà listed

below

which
'

relate to

an

offendir's

suitabilityforaparticularsecurity level,

.

b.The applicability ofthe M andatôry Restrictors should be reviewed prior to any consideration

giventoipvokingaDijcretionp!'yOverride. '

' .

.

.
.
:
;
. . .

c*Ifthetotalscdm pl>céjanöf!fend:ratèrabovethe levelrequired by aM andatory Restrictor,no

M a.ndatorv*/' R.eitrictorshoul.db' eiiwoked' . .

.

' , ),

'

. .

'

d œ

M ultiklèM .

âpd.atory Resiriciors.jhouldnotbeinvoked. lfmorethân oùeM

anéatèry Restrictur

ajplieà,th:facili/ shouldinyokèthçréstrictbrthatrèqqiresàssignmphttothehighçstsecurity

' . ' lev. el...'' t .

>. ..

.

.

.

.

.'

.

.

. '

' .
:

'

: .
=.

.

' .
. ...

. ...

.

J .

.

.

.
.

è;lf2p.M andàtp/ Restrictor is'applicàble,butthe facility administfàtioh determine; thatthe

oftendetssecurity lekelassignmeùtshouldbeahigherlevelthan,indicatedbytheMàndatory

'

-'

.

. '''' ,

'

'''''

.

.

.

Restriçtur,rio.restrictorshogldbeiùvoked.,lnstead,theapjropyiatèDiscretioharyOvqrride(see

blébvloèwl.)'' .s'h. ou. ld.bé'

ùsed

to

b.* rovide a ' ..

m

ore
.

so.r ecific

reasoh.

fo' r

the
.

assiM'w.''r. im

.

.

ent to

'

'

a

hiM'...''her. s'ec. urity

. .

' f.

A

M

'afld:atoryResiricio'ra'ndabistrçtklonary'Overridem'aynotböth

'
lié ùsed on the sam

ereview.

g.Recommend>tiolisfqrrestrictorsshguldbeseleçtedinVACORIVasR-(numseroffestrictor).

h.M and>toryRestrictorsassignà,floffenderioah.ighçrsecurity levelthanisindicatedby score:
i.kul-Tifnç-

.

M ofe thafl20 years m maining to serve - includes life,m ultiple lifç,and life+ sentencçs-

rvstrictfrètn assignm enttoSecurityLevels1& 2.

5 .

Lifè,m ultiple life,and life+ sèptendesmusthave served 20 consecutivèyearson sentenceto .

Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB DocumenPatg5e43-o2f10Filed 05/18/16 Page 3 of 25 Pageid#: 339

OperasingProcedure:330.2 . Januaa 1,2015

beeligibleforassignm elztto SecurityLevel3.Additionally,ifparoleeligible,m ustalso have reachedParoleEligibility Date. Numericalsentencesmusthaveserved 20 consecutiveyears
OR bewithin40yearsoftheirprojectedreleasedate.NOTE:OffendersassignedtoSecurity
Level3underpreviouscriteriathatdo notmeet'the currentcriteriacan rem ain ataSecurity Level3,aslongastheoffenderrem ainsqttheircurrentfacility.Offendersthataretransferred willneedtom eetthecurrentcritefia.
ii.R-2 Offenses (current or prior) - lst,2nd Degrëe M ufder,Violent SexualOffenses,
Kidnapping,Abduction,Felony Escape in the past10 years-restricted from assignmentto Security Level1
R-3 -Facility Adjustment- Offense code 100-108 infractions within past24 months
restrictedfrom Security Levels1,2,alzd3
iv.R-4-Detainers-(lNS,Felony-Detainers,Non-DetainerHolds,Judgment& Commitments)-
Restrictedfrom SecurityLevel1
v. R-5-Assignm entCriteria-Scored levelnotsupportedbyfacility assignm entcriteria

The Facility Unit H eAd m ay request in writing to CCS that the M andatory Restrictor be overridden forthepurpose ofassigning an offend4rtoa lowersecurity levelthanthatw hichthe Restrictor indicates. CCS w illreview such requests;however,the authority to override a M andatoryRçstrictorrestsw iththeChiefofCorrectionsOperations,ordesignee.

3. Discretionary overrides m ay be invoked if ithasbeen determ ined the offender'sscore does not adequately reflectthe levelofrisk the offenderm ay presentin a reduced orhighersecurity level.
Anyoffenderwhoscoreswithinanysecuritylevelmayhavetheirsecuritylevelassignm entchanged on thebasisofoneoftheapprovedoverridesIistedbelow whichrelateto an offender'ssuitability for aparticularsecurity Ievel.

a. Discretionar.yOverridesshouldnotbeused ifaM andalor.yRestrictorhasbeen invoked.
b.M ultiple Discretionary Ovenides should notbe invoked. ln those caseswherem ore than one discretionary ovçnide applies,the facility should invoke the applicable ovenide which best reflectstheneed forthe change in asecurity Ieyel.

c.DiscretionaryOverridesmayassignanoffendertoaI-HGHER securitylevelthanindicatedbythe score dueto:

i. H-1-Assaultiv:priorfacility conduct

ii. H-2 -Seriouspriorcrim inalrecordipdicatescaution

iii. H-3-Severity ofcurrentoffense

iv. H-4 -Seriousescapehistbry/risk

v.H-5'-Recentpatternofpoorfacilityadjustment vi.Hi6-Meedstoestablish stableadjustlentinageneralpopulationand/oratrecommended

security levelpriortoconsiderationforalowerlevel

.vii. H-7-Other

..

'

'

'

'

'

d. A LOW ER. security levelthan indicatedby thescorem ay beassigneddueto:

L 1 Ekcepiipnalfacility conduct

ii. L-2 -Singularnatureofincideùt iii. L-3-Priorsucc'essatlowerlevel

iv. L-4 -Othér

'

J

. .

e.RecommendationsfordiscretionaryoverridesshouldbèselectedinVACORIS asH-(numberof

överridel,'orL-(numberofoverride). ExolanationsshallbeincltidedintheCommentssection

whenanH-7orL-4ovenv eisinvoked.Offenders.requiringan ovenideoftwo levelsormore

requireapprovalfrom theM anagerofClassificàtionServicesordeslgliee.

.

; .

D .InitiqlClàssific>tionAssignm ents

Security Level$;U ''should be data entered upon receiptpf any new prisoner received or parole

violatorutilizingthedatetheoffen81erwasreceived.

'

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'

Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,20l5

2. Unlessothem isenoted,initialsecurity levelassignm entswillbedeterm inedbythe score indicated ontheInitialxqeczfrj/.pLevelScoreSheet,andrestrictorsorovenidesifappropriate.

3. lnitialsecurity leveiandfacility assignm entsfornew prisonersreceived andparoleviolatorswillbe

m ade by the Instimtional Classification Authority with approval of the Facility Unit Head or

.

designeeupon recom mendation oftreatment/security staffofthe Reception Center. In som e cases,

CCS willm akethe finaldecision on security leveland facility assignment. N ote:Assignm eptto

Security Level S requires a form alICA hearing and approvalby the W arden of the prim ary

maximum security prison(cun-entlyRedOnion)andtheappropriateRegionalOperationsChiefor
designee(RegionalAdminiskator)pertùeSegregationQualfers-SecurityLevelSsectionofthis .

operating procedure.

4.CCS willberesponsibleforthefinalclasslfication actiononthebelow listedtypesofcasesupon recommendation from the InstitutionalClassification Authority (ICA). These offenderswillbe
identifiedby b0thCCSandtheReception Centers.
a.Ex-tzaw Enforcem entOfficials

b. Ex-public officials c. N otoriousoffenders

d.M entalHea1thU nitReferrals

5. Reception CenterlnstitutionqlClassificationAuthority-TheReception CenterFacilityUnitHeador

authorized designee willhavethe finalauthority oh a1lNew PrisonerReceivkd cases exceptthose listed above. The InstimtionalClassification Authority heming processwillbein accordancew ith

OperatingProceddre230.1,FacilityClassfcationManagement.CCSwillmonitorthesedecisions astpproprietyandjroductivity.

6.Parol:ViotatorInstitutionalClagsificationAuthority-Upon completioliofarevocatiôn heéring,

offendersw illbeclassified. TheReception CenterFacility UnitHead orauthoriked designee will have the finalauthority on allParoleV iolatorcasesexceptthosé listed above.

a.Out-of-state péroleviolatorsshould bereturned to aReception dlassification Centerfortheir

prelim inary hearing,following which they m ay be trapsferred to ahotherfacility forrevocation hearing and classification.

b.tnalic>ses,followingrevocationhearingtheoffenderwiltbemaintainedasiftheywereassigned

Sectlrity Leyel5 untilscored on theInitialSecurityLeyelScoreShqet. Fordatqentry purposes,

prior tq their initial classificâtion aysignlnent,unclàssified offenders' security levelwillbe
:fltéreda'sI:U''onthedatabasetoreflecttheirtçunclassifiçdr'st>t-us,. '
. j.Any'.ùf.(ehder.'senàtencedtoDeatlzF'il'lbeaj.signe.d.dir:ec.tly't.oDeàthé.ow ariyass..jgnejjj.jyyya jgjyautj
point.àcoreof((99,,jointsforinitialclasstfication.Norecjajss cationwillb8completed.Fordata .

enta pumosesaDlathRow offendeis'securiW levelwill'beenteredasCCX''onthedatàbas:toreflect

'

theirDeathRow . .

st.atùsr'

. '

a.Offenderjrem ùvedfrom

.. . .
Deat.hRow

'
bk

'
comm

utatién . of sentence F

'
illbereviewed

.
and

'
assigned

toajropbrseçuritylevel.

.

,

.

b.The àsyignedfaci.lityFillcprripletethçRçclassscàtionScczfh/r.pfeveiScoreSLeetandsubmitto t?C!lnkAcöR-ljforapprùva'ltoestablishtheappyopkiatédecuritylçve'1.

2.Reclajqificàtitm RekiewsandAssignments

1.

Uinndliecsastçdot.hoenrwiisheenRoetecdla,scslsiàncagteibj.hip'Sae.ncuprfitfkendLeerv'selseSccuorritey'

levelwillbe determiried .
Sheet and , restrictors gr

by the score o#errides if

'

appföpriate. Regardlesjofthèscöre,à1lsecuritylevelassignmentsmustbemadeusingthegood

judgmeht,:xpétience',andéxpellijeofth8decisionmaker.

'

2. The.seç'Curit.y'' levelscoreandstatusoteach. off'enderw' illb, ereviewedduringtheAnnualReview (See

- OpèraiingPfoçedute830.1,FacilityCDJUVI/MJ/D?CManagementj.

'

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'

! r

.

i i

'

I l

.

11

.

Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,2015

!I '
!. !:

3. lnterim Reclassification SecurityLevelReviews '

a. At any time an offender's behavior or other factors indicate that the current security level

assignm entm ay not be appropriate,the façility adm inistration m ay refer the offender for a * security levelreview by aforlnalorinformal1CA hearing heldin accordanceWith Operating

Procedure830.1,FacilityClassscationM anagcnwnt.

'

b.CCSm ay adm inistrativelyreview theoffenderpopulation forsecurity levelreductionsinorderto

m aximize the efficientuse of available bed space. Facility UnitHeads m ay be requested to

'

.

review theoffenderpopulationandm akerecommendationsforsecurity leyelreductions.

c.An iùterim review willnotchangethenextAnnualReview date.

d.The reason for.the review should be stated in the Com m ents section in the VA CORIS
Classifcation module and repoted using the InstitutionalClassscation Authority Hearing . Report generated in VACORIS (see Operating Procedure 830.1,Facility Classscation M anagement).

4. Facility UnitHeadsor designee have the finalauthority to approveICA rucomm endationswhich

. .

' indicate the offe'nderrem ainsin the currentsecurity levelunless such action involvesthe use of

overrides.

5. SecurityLevelReductions

a.TàeFacilityUnitHeadhastheauthorityto approvean annualreview security levelreduction.
Overridesoftwoorm orelevelsrequireapprovalofthe.M anagerofCCSordesignee.

b.CCS hasthe'finalauthority to approve any security levelreduction with orw ithouttheuse of

restrictorsand discretionary overrides.

c. Approvalforan qssignmentto aIow ersecurity levelshould generally pfom ptarecomm endation '

forthetransferoftheoffenderinaccordancewithOperatingProcedure830.5,Transfers,Facility.

Reassignments.Acceptablereasonsfornotrecomm ending atransferforan offenderwouldbe:

i. Offender'sneedform edicalorpsychologicaltreatm entcannotbeprovided atanotherlocation

'

thatiscompatibletothéoffender'sreducedsecurity level

ii. Offender's close proxim ity to com pletion of an educational/vocational cir Therapeutic

1

Communit program assignment

iii. Offendei'sassignm enttoacadre/workassignmentasestablishedby an approved quotadueto

f>cilityneed2Note:TheauthoritytoestablishaquotaofSecurityLevel1offenderstobe
housedathighersecurityfacilitiesrestswiththeChlefofCorrectionsOperationsk

iv. Facilityrecomm endationsforfacility assignmentshould beincluded ontheA ction Detailsof

theClass@cationsection ofVACORISforconsiderationby CCS.TheICA mayincludethe

offender'spreferencepfassignm entintheRcèmm ents''section.

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6. SecurityLevelIncreases

a. TheF:cility Unit.Headhasauthoritytoapjroveanannualreview sécurity levelincreéseexcept

- tt?Security LevelS. Overridesoft'wo ormorelevelsrekpireapprovaloftheM anagerofCCS or

..

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deîignee. .

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b. CCS willhavethefinaloversightovetfacility recomm endationsforsecuritv levelincrease'swith

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otwlthoutthçusçofoverridesorrestfictors.

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c.Eyqeptatannualreview,theof,fen(Ierwillbegivenpropyrwrittenù.ötification, ai1e!st48hotlrs

p

'inadva.nceo,ftheclassificationhearineK.z for.thep*ur.nK oseofreviewilia*..z theirsecurltk<. levelstatus.
'fhewritten notificàtion willstatethereasonsforthereyiew forpossible increasé in securlty

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d.-.lnaccordan'cew' ith O. p-' eratink'*'' P'rocedure830.1,' Facilitk-' Class@''' cation. M anagement,formaldue

pröcessforan increaseinthesecuritylevelisEotrequired duringagenerqlpopulation offender's

anriualreview (exceptforassignmenttoSecurityLevelS)sincesuchreviewsafeconsidered '

routiùeand'affordedtoevery offender;however,theoffendershould bepresentduringthereview

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Processand >lloFedinput.
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OperatingProcedure:830.2

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garluary 1,2015

e. Reassignm entto ahighersecurity levelshould generally necessitatea physicaltransfer. Facility

assignmentrecbmmendationsshouldbeincludedontheAction Details oftheClassôcation

sectionofVA CORISforconsid.eration byCCSwhencom pletingany resultingtransferorder.

'

f. lnanem ergencysituation,theRegionalAdm inistratorisauthorizedtlzroughOperatingProcedure

830.5,Transfers,Facility Reassignmentsto affectan Intra-Regionaltransferto temporarily
increase an offender'ssecurity levelin the absence ofICA recomm endations. ln such cases,a

'

formalclassitk ationhearing shouldbeconducted withinthreeworking daysafterthèoffender's

transferto determ inetheappropriatesecurity level.

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g.In anem ergencysituationwhichresultsinthetem porarytransferandincreaseinsecurity levelof

arfoffender,itwillbethereceivingfaçility'sFacility UnitHead'sresponsibilityto assurethatthe

necessaryclassificationhlaringisconductedin accordancewiththisandotherpertinentoperating ,

progedures(Opçrating Procedure 830.1,Facility Class#cation Managementand Operating

Procedure 830.5,Transfers,Facility Reassignments). Thesending facility willprovide all

,

necessaryreportstothereceivingfacilitytoassistintheadm inistration ofthishearing.

1

F.ProtectiveCustodyUnit

1. Assignm ent of offenders to a Protective Custody Unif w ill be in accordance w ith Operating

Procedure830.5,Transfers,FacilityReassignments.Facilityrecopmendationsfortheassignmentof
an offenderto aProtectiveCustody Unitshouldbebasedop aform alICA revieW and besubm itted

.

toCCSviaVACORIS.CCSwillhavethefinalauthorityonassignmentofoffeyderstpaProtective

Custpdy Unit. Offendersm ay notbe placed in thèProte'ctikeCustodyUnituntllfinalapprovalhas

j

beenreceived9om CCS.

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a. For.the duratioà ofan offender,sassignm entto the ProtectiveCustody Unit,the secur'ity level

assignlpentwillbedesijnatedasGT''fordataentrypurposes.

.

b.During an offender'sassignmentto thç Protzctive Custody Unit,no review ofthe offender's

qectlrity levelw ill.benecessary.

. ' 2. Remöval of offçnbers from a Protective Custody Unit will be in accordance with Operating

' Procedure830.5,Transfers,FacilityReassignments.

' a. Facility reèomm endationsforthe transferpfan offenderfrom aProtective Custody Unitshould

bej)asedon aformal1CA review includingcompletionoftheReclassscationSecurityLevel

'

ScoreSheqtanébesubmittedtoCCSviaVACORIS,

.

b.CCSwill'havçth'efinalauthoritytotransferoffend.;erqfrom

.
aPrptectiveCustodyU

nit.

.

G.jegregâtfonQualiGèrs-SecurityLevelS

. .

1.w htiesegregatkowisnotascorqdsqcuritylevel,itijatyjeqrhimsingreseaèdorspecialpurpose

bedassijnmentwhichislltilikeàbyfacilitiesunderpropergdminio àtiveprocessfortheproteçtive

'csae.rceuraitnyd. lemv.ea.lnarèjveni.e.tke,n.stoppt'lyo.fafqepadperasr.to'?Otfhf.éinf'doçrrmsé>lssyelggnréegdà..ttiqo.ps.eigeiveigeWatiponrpbsétastsu.sink.w.aiclùlob.rdeâhpcffeorwdietdh

Operating Pmcrdùre425.4,MqnàkeméntofBed JH# CellAà.ç/gz??içnis(Réstricted. )tmd Opeyàting

Iyocedup 861.3,vtpecial#ousing. offendefs.ajsijnedtpsijreg'Ajiörïareineligiàtetifetuesta

trânsf4routsidethefonhalségregatipnryvieW ljrpcesd.

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2. The?ollowingsegrbgatiopQuqliiirrsindicatethatthe'offéndçyshöuldb4c/nsider'edfor'aFsignmènt ''

, tSo.-1S. eiçAurg.i.ktkraLvea.vteeélAS' .ï!ss.à.u.l.t.ofIn.j'taff.

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j-é-AjjrqvysedAss:ultonOffenéerw/weaponorRejùltinginS/iouslhjuryw/oweajon '

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S-j-NötUsed

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S-4-SefiôujEscapeRisk-reqiliringm axim um security supervision

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S 5-Coml issipn ofCrim eofExcçptionalV iolenceand/qrN otoriety

s-6-txèessiyeviolentDisciplinary Convictions-retlçétinginabilityto adjusttoalowerlevelof

yujervision

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Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,2015

S-7-SettingFireResultinginlnjurytoPersonsorExtensiveDamagetoStatePropeo
S-8-RiotingresultinginInjurytoPersonsorExtensiveDamagetoStateProperty
S-9 -Seizing orH olding Hostages

S-10-Possession ofFirearm s,Am munition,Explosives,W eapons
S-11- Knowingly Transferring HIV orotherD isbase to AnotherPerson orRefusalto Subm itto Testing

S-12-GangActivityRelatedtoany Category1OffenseoraDocum ented GangLeadership Role S-13 -StaffM anipulator/Predator

S-14 -Behaviorthatrepresentsa.threatleveltoo greatforthe safety and security ofa lowerlevel institm ion

3.Facilityrecommendationsfortheassignmentotan offendertoSecurityLevelSshallbebasedon a

' formallCA review (including initialclmssification and reclassificationl'and be submitled via

VACORIS.

'

a.Initialassignm entto Security LevelS requiresaformal1CA hearing andapprovalby theW arden

oftheprimaq maxi.mum securityprison(currentlyRedOnion)andtheappropriateRegional

OperationsChlefordesignee(RegionalAdm inistrator)

.

b.CCSw illreview eachreclassificationassignm entofoFendersto SecurityLevelS.

c.Each offenderapprovedbfCCSforreclassificationtoSecurityLévelSwillbereviewedbythe W arden oftheprimary maximum security prison (currently Red Onion State Prison)and the appropriateRegionalOperationsChiefordesignee(RegionalAdm inistrator).

4.An offender approyed by the RegionalOperations Chief or designee forassignmentto Security LevelSwillbetrapjferredtotheprim arym axim um securityprison.

5. Onarrivalatthekrimarymaximum securityprison,theSecurityLevelS offenderwillbeassessed
andevaluatedforàppropriatesecurity àndprogram assignm ent.

6.Selectedoffendersmaybetransferredtothesecondarym'aximum iecuritypriso'n(currentlyW allens

RidgeStatePrison)uponagreefnentbetweenthçtwoW ardens.

ThelnstiïtioùalClassificatltm Authoritywillperform periodic rçviewson each Security LevelS

.

offender in accordance w

ith ' O

peratingProcedure425.4,M .

anàgementofBedandCellAssignments. . .

8. Aftetadequateprogress in Security LevelS,theICA should recomm endthe offendèrforreduction

to Security Eevel6. The W ardens atthe two m nximum security prisons willreview each 1CA

recom m endition in.whichthetwo

forSecurityLevel6.The

'
W ardensdonotagree.

'

Reg'-'iohalO

p''' eratiöns

Chiefordesignee

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'

willreview '

cases

2 :

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9.Asefctuçrritqv1F'ppb'*rroivsôanl;ffoorr.Sfeuctuhreitry-' pœf.r,eo.va*'''eral'm6,mz oinffa'h-e''naènlèdrsawdaip1'*Itabtel.omnotvoéjdetnoerdaelsipgonpauteladtiöunnithtso)usirilnga.m...Saxetimuruitmy

Level6housihg unitsshouldbeöperated i11accèrdancewith Operating Procedure 841.7,Structured

Living Unit'rtpgrtzrn.

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10. The SLU Review uTeam. willieçommendoffendçrs.thath4k:m adepdequateprökiessin Seçurity

Lb'eevrèetv6ieWfoefdreb'dyucbtoiothh.rthoaS.xeiméuurmt't*v.'sLeceuvre'ilty5.prRiseocnomWmarèdneénastio:,nn'sdfao.jrprreédvueèdtibèynttoh.r eSReéçugriiot.'*v'n''aL'leCvjeple5ramiiou.nsst

Chiefordçsignee.

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XfteyappfoyalforSecurijyLevet5,offenderjwillbemovçdtoan

a.pp. ropriatepnitkn

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ope of ttze

msea.czxùir'mitvumlevs'eelc'uintsittk*<itupaktriiod'non..sfor.'.f'uth. erp--r.og---'ressin'

g- eneralp-- opulation . '.

and

eventualtiansfçrtoalower . . . .

12.Securit LevelS and Security Lxevel6 qffendersadmitjedtè aàpecialized unitsuch asamental

hèalth .

unit o' r m

edica' linfirm

arv<

m

av1-

havethe'irse.curity'''

levelreview . .

ed

w

hen

clinicaljtaffdet'etm

inç

'

thptthboffendernéedslongtérm mental'healthormedicalcareand/orisunlikelytohavéskillsora

leyeloff'uhctioning sufficientto padicipateand succeed in progfam m ing to 'reduce theirsecurity

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Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,2015

level.Thefollowingprocessm aybeusedtoassign anappropriatesecurity level.

a.Clinical staff w ill determ ine the offender's needs through a progressive case review and docum enttheirrecom m endationsthroughan1CA hearing. i. Safety and securityshallalw aysbetheprim aryconsideration. ii. Foreach case,thereshouldbecleardocum entationofaseriousm entalorphysicalillness. iii. The offendershould havedem onstrated an extended period ofstabilitythatisfree ofserious disciplinary offenseconvictions.
iv. Each casewillbeconsideredon itsindividualm erits. v..C linicalstaffisencouraged to discussindividualcasesw ith the PsychologistSenioratCentral
C lassification Servicesbeforestarting thisprocessto reducesecurity levels.

b.Afterapprovalofth. e ICA actions by the Facility UnitHead where offenderiscurrently being housed,therecom m endationwillbeescalatedtothePsychologistSenioratCentralClassification Servicesforreview andapproval.

c.ThePsychologistSenioratCCSwillconsultwiththeHealth ServicesDirectorforcasesrelatedto

'm edicalcare.

*

.

d..'I'hePsychologistSenioratCCSw illconsultw iththeW ardenofthefacilitywheretheoffenderis

currently housed and escalateapprovedcasestotheRegionalOperationsChiefoverthe prim aly

m axim um securityprison.

e.W iththeapprovaloftheRegionalUperationsChiefovertheprimarymaximum .securityprison,
theoffenderwillbereducedinsecurity level.

H.ProcessingUfEscapees

1. An offenderreturned to DOC custody afterbeing arrested out-of-state willbereturned to Powhatan

ReceptionandClassificatioliCenter(males)orFluvannaCorrectionalCenterforW open.

2.lffeasible,an offenderwhoescapesandisarrestedinVirginiamaybereturnedtoafacilitywithin

theReqionafteracompletereview ofthegircumstancesoftheescape,andreyiew ofthecriminal
and soclalhistory ofthe offender.

a. Thoseoffenderswho presenta continued seriousescape risk orhigh risk ofviolence,regardless

ofthecircum stancesoftheescape,w illbeclassifiedtoahighersecurity levelfacility.

b.Thepurposeoftheescapeeiemaining intheRegion would betofacilitateacourthear'ingrelative

to the escape.

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3. After disposition pf the escape charge, th: offender will be reviewed by the Institutional

Classifica'tQlonAuthorityandseduritylevelrecommendationswillbeforwardedtothe/acilityUnit

Headforgcdon. .

4.Xnescapeewhohasbeenoneqcapestatusforanextendedperiodmay6eprocessedbackintothe
DOC through areception center. Such offenderswillbe scored on theInitialSecurity LevelScore ghogj

5. If the offender is refurned to a non-reception facility,feclassification will be rescored on the

'D. oRcuemclea:.stskst'ièoaht..'i.onSecyrity

LèvelScoreSheet. . '

.

.

Facilitiçsw. illcompleté

a. pprop:ri. ate

jecurlty

level and

.
due

process actions

in

VACOX

S,when

needèd,and escalateto the Facility UnitHeàd forfinalactibn. 'Security levelactiohsthatrequire

CCSa.pprovalwillbee.scalatedto' CCSforacfion.

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2.Fàpility staffshallbrresponsiblefortheprintingand distributionofcopiesofany actionsneededfor

* theoffehder';rçcord apd to be provided to theoffender.

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J.Offendersmay appe>làny classification decision through the OffenderGrievanceProcedure,(see

. OperasingProcedufe866.1,OyenderGriekanceProcedure). Copiesoftheclassificationdotuments will generally sel've tè. jatisfy the inforinalprocedure requkements of the Offendpr Grievance

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Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,20l5
Procedure.
V. REFERENCES
OperatingProcedure425.4,M anagenlentofBedandCellAssignments OperatingProcedure830.1,FacilityClasss cationM anagement OperatingProcedure830.5,Fransfers,FacilityReassignments
OperatingProcedure84l.7,*StructuredLiving UnitJ'r/pwrp O peratingProcedure 861.3,SpecialH ousing
OperatingProcedure866.1,OyenderGrievanceProcedure
VI. FORM CITAH ON S N one
V11. REW EW DATE The officeofprimaryresponsibility shallreview thisoperating procedure'annually and re-writeitnolater thanthreeyearsfrom theeffectivedate.

x% rlaffzr:Con onT'W

10/20/14

A.David Robinson,ChiefofCorrèctionsOperations

D ate

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@ .. ''

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* J nm y

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ô.%- WzA L*2 '

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subject

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SPECTAEH OUSING

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.a.

IncarceratedOffenderAccess

YesX

N0Q

.

FOIAExempt YesQ NcX

Attachmepl YesC) NoZ

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zzz,z.,x
EffectiveDale October1,20l1
Amended
2/2g/j2,jj/jj/ja,4/;/j4

. y. . '

Number

' 861.3

'

.

OptratinjLevel.

. pe.aitmant

supersedes

. .

O eratin Prùcedure861.3 11/1/09

xuïhcrjty

CQk (53.1-.1% j19.2-316.2.j19.2416.3

. .

AcA standards
4-j140,.4-4249thru4-425j,4-4261,4-4262,4-426,,.
t-4265thru4-4273,4-4320,4-X 00,4-ACRS-5A-06 .
OfnceofPrimaryResponsibility

DeputyDirectorofOperations De u DirectorofCommuni Cnrrections

1, PU RPOSE
This operating procedure provides for the classifkatipn of offenders incarcerated in Depm m ent of Cörrectioné.ihstim tions'to G eneralDetention,Pre-Hearing Detentipn, ' Disciplinary Segregqtion,
and segregation statuses,ininimum standardsforthe operatioà o/spec'ialhousing knits,and m inimum standardsforthecareandcpstody ofoffendersassigned. toeachofthesestatuses,(4-4249)
Thisoperatinx procedure also providesforthe detention arz consideration forprogram removalof
. offenderslnDOC CommunityCorrectionsfacilities.

II. COM PLIAN CE
This operatiùg procedure appliesto allfacilities operated by the DepartmentofCorrections (DOC). Practicesand proceduresshallcomply with applicable State and federallaws,Board ofCorrections
policiesand regulations,ACA standards,a:dD0C directivesandoperatingprocedures.

111. DEFINITION S
AtRisk Offender-An offenderidentiGed by a Qualised M entalHealth Professionalasmeeting the criteriainOperatingProcedure730.4,Oyenders,W/Risk''inSpecialHousing.
FacilityReview Committee-A treatmentteam ofatleastthreefacilttystaffmembers,normallyincl'uding
theoffender'sCounselororProbation Officer;AssistantUnitHead orSecurity Supervisor;and one from
thefollowing:SeniorProbation Om cer,DCE Instructor,oranotherCounselor.(Community Corrections . facilities only)
GeneralDetention-Specialpumosebedassignments,utilizedunderprogeradministrativeprocess,forthe
imm ediatesecureconsnementofoffenderspendingr:view foranapproprlateassignment.
InstitutionalClassiscation Authoriw (ICA)-The facilitv staffperson desiMnated to conductoffender casereviéw hearings.Hearingsrelatedtospecialhuusingstatusreview areformaldueprocesshearings.
Intractable Behavior - Behaviorwhich,in the determination ofthe DepartmentofCorrections,(i)' indicatesan(offender's)unwillingnessorinabilitytoconform his/herbehaviortothatnecessarytohis/her successfulcompletionoftheprogram or(ii)issodisruptiveastothreatenthesuccessfulcompletionofthe program by other.offenders.-COV i19.2-311(appliesto youthfuloffenders)and COV i19.2-316.1 (appliestoCommuliityCorrectionsfacilities)
- Disciplinary Segregation -Specialpup osebed assignm ents,in w hich theoffenderisconGned w ithoutprivileges-imposed bytheHearingsOK cerasapenalty forconvictionofadisciplinary offense.
Pre-H earing Detention -Specialpurpose bed assignm ents,utilized underproperadm inistrativeprocess, forthe im mediateconfinem entofoffenders who have beep charged with an offense undertheOffender Disciplinary Procedure,areawaiting aD isciplinary Hearing,and are considered to bea potentialthreatto
' .
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Operatihg Procedure:861.3

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PerSOl1SOrPropertyy0rforescape,

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Protective Custody Unit-A specialpurpose generalpopulation housing unitdesignated by the Director

foroffendersclassifiedasretuiringsegarationfrom otheroffendersas.aresultoftheirpersonalsecurlty

nerds. Offendersrequesting and requlring assignmentto aprotectivecustody unitmay brmanàged in

GeneralDetentipnandSegregation,asappropriate,pending asslgnm entandtmnsfer.

'

QualillédMentalHeaIthProfvssionalIQMI.IPI-Anindividualemgloyedinadesignatedmentalhealth

'

sReergviiscteesrepdosNituiorpseaso.ra. aPnsyiçnhdèivloidguisatlowrjPthsyacthloelaosgtyaAMssaoscttiartse,dPegsyrecehiiantrp1sstj,cShooclioaglyW,osorkceiarl(Mwoarskte,rosrl.çrveelel)v,aonrt

human servicesfield With knowledje,training,and skills in thedlagnosisand treatmentofmenial

disorders. .

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, Segregation - Special purpose bed assignm ents opirated under maximum security regulatibn; and ,

procedure's,and utilized undçr proper adm inistrgtive.process, for the personalprotection or custodial

m anagep entofoFenders. '

SpscialHousing-A generalterm forspeci'alpprposebedassijnmentsincludingsegregation,' ' .

disciplinarysegregation,generaldetention,andpre-hearingdetentlon'

.

1V . CO

IW CORRECO ON SFA CILITIES

'

A.Communiâ Correctionsfacilitiesdonotusespecialhousingunitsbutthereisoccasionalneedtodetain
an off.endertoyreservetheorderlyoprrationofthefacility andtoensurethesafetyoftheoffender
pendingtherevlew forpossiblerem ovaloftheoffenderfrom theprogram .

B.Othersectionsofthisoperating procedure do notapply to Com m unity Corrections facilitiesexceptas

'

specifically referenced in thijsection. ' .

C.Detention ofOffenders-GeneralProcedures

.

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1.TheFacilityUnitHçadshoulddelegateinwritingthosefacilityemployeeswhomàyauthorizethe

detention ofan offender. This a'uthorization willbe posted orm aintalned in a procqdure m anu#l

easily accessibletoallfacility em ployees.

2.AnyoffendermayV detainedinapprovedrestraints(inaccordancewithOperatingProcedure420.2,

UseofRqstraints.and Managementof OyenderBehavior)orwithin asecuredholàing cellas

determ ined by thedelegated authörity.

'

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3. Any tim e an offender is detained, the facility Adm inistmtive Duty Officer shall be notified

immediately,and permissionwillbesecuredtocontinuetheuseofmechanicalrestraintsand/or

placem entln aholding'cell.

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4. An offendershould notbe detainedin restrainà foraperiod greaterthan fourhours. Ifitbecom es

.

'

necessary to maintain the restraints for a period of more than four hours due to the offender's

intractablebehavior,theoffenderwillbegiventheopportunity tousetherestroom .

5. Detentionsshallnotbeusedfordisciplinary orpunishm entsanctions.

D .U se ofHolding C ells

.

'

1. The AssistantFacility UnitHead shallreview any detention ofan offenderwithin 72 hoursorless
' andrecommendtotheFacilityUnitHeadreleaseoftheoffender,referraltotheIiearingsOfficer,or

referaltotheFacilityReview Com m itteeforform alreview ofprogram continuation/rem oval.

2. Any offehderdetained ip a holding cellthrough a mealshallbe fed thb sam e m eals on the same

'

scheduleastherestofthepopulation.

3. Anyoffenderdetained inaholdingcellshallbegivenprescribed medication asscheduled.

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(jPeratingàroiedure:861.3 .yctober1,2011

4. A holdingqçllusidforpvernighthousingshâllbeequippkdwithabedaböveiloèrlekel,aworking

toilet,. jyahd.basjn,a;ppropriatelighti.ng,andyentilatiop. '

J ' '.

'

5.Anyoffendeibetaihedinaholdingcellovernightshopldbeprpv.ided w ith thesam e bed linensand

mattfessan1pkllùwasjermittedthegeneralpopulation,offenderbehakiorpermitting.

'

6.D:ientiqn',notto eyceàci72 hours,.maf àe utilize'd d'pring àn investigation while facts and
inform ation.aregatherçdprioitothefilihgofaD iscipliùary Report.

7.An#ùffenderjetainçdinaholdingcellwillbepermittedtoshowerand:shaye..tleajto ery thiqd

jay.

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8. Offelidefs

that

ayer:detained

.
ln

a

holding

cell s. hpuid .

.
forfeit'all

pçfsopal

pmperty

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privileges.

6ffçndersshèilld'bç'providedappropriateclotàingandma#beper ittedtoliàvçopereligiousboo'k. .

Allpersbhalpropefty shàllbe secured and inventorjed atthe tlme.thé offender'isplac4d in the

holdlng cell.

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9..Eaçh pffenderdetained in aholdingcellshquldbecheckedby acorrectionsom ceratle>stevery 60

lpinutzsonanirregularschedule,witheachcheckrecordeàbntheSpecialWbzflfng';IndividualLtv

,

(%425r/4).

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l0.W hiledeta.inldipahpld. tngcelly'eachoffendefthatisbeli4véd'tobeimdeytheinGuenceofdrugsor

intoxicants should be checkçdh.by a correctionsoo ceratleastevery 15 minutes,w ith each check

recordedontheSneciàlWatchLoz(425 F5),

.

11. W hile detained.in a holding cell,each offenderwho is believed to be a tb eatto selfshould be checked by acorrectionsofticeratleastevery 15l inutes,w ith each checkrecorded on theSnecial
WatchLt?g(425 F5).
E.Progràm Rem oval

1. Generally,ofenderscanberem ovedfrom theprogram for a. Voluntary withdraw alfrom theprogram
.
b.Removalfrom theprogram bytheDOCforintractablebehaviorasdesnedinj19.2-316.1
c. Failuretocom ply w ith thetermsandconditionsofprobation,parole,ormandatoryrele% e

2. An offender who is rem oved or voluntary W ithdraws from a Comm tmity Corrections facility
program issubjecttotheCourtorParoleBoarddvokin!ashow causeontheoffendertoshow why
theoffender'sprobation,parole,orpostreleasesupervislon andsqspepsionofsenténceshouldnotbe revoked.

3.TheFacility UnitHeadshogld apjroveaIlprogram removalactions. IftheFacility UnitHead is unavailable,thçAssiqtantFaciïityUnitHeadmayapproveprogram removalactions.(4-ACRS-SA06)
4.V oluntaryW ithdrawal
a. An offenderm aym akearequestforvoluntarypfogrpm rem ovalatany tim eduringtheirtenurein theprogram .
b. A program staff mem ber,generally a Counselor orProbation Ofscer,should m eetw ith the offenderand review the offender'sdecision w ith them to asbure thatthe offenderisaware ofalI possibleconsequencesoftheirdecision.
c. Resultsofthism eetin'g should bereportedtotheFacility UnitHeadto aidindecisionsconcerning th:offender'sstatusandappropriasehandlingofthecase.

5. InvoluntqryRem oval

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Operating Piocedure:861,3
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a. In accordance with Operating Procedure 720.1,Access to Health Services,an offendermay be
medically removed from the prograï if a medical'condition prevepts the offender iom
participating in thçprogrnm .

b.Recomm endations for program rem ovalmgy be made asthe result ofD isciplinary Hearings,

actionsby theFacilityRèview Comm ittee,orby retomm epdationsfrom faïilitystaff.

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DisçiplinaryhearingdocufnentsbrFacilityReview Committeed'ocumentationrejultinginthe
recomm endation forrem ovalshould bearthe review signafure ofthe Facility UnltH ead orin

his/herabsencetheAssisiantFacilityUnitHead.

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lssuanceofPB-15W arrant

1. Upon approvalof a prograp iemovalaction,the approving authority should instructthe Seninr Probation OfficerorProbationOv certo prepareaPB-15W arrantinVACORIS.

2.NotifcationofaPB-15warrantissuanceshouldbemadetothereceivingjurisdictionoftheoffender
bythenextworkingday.DocumentauonqfnotifkationshouldbemadeintheCaseNotes.A copy ofthe PB-15jhould be given to the offenderand acopy should be placed intheoffender'sfacility
Caserecord.

3.'A MajorViolationReportshouldbegeneratedinVACORISbyafacilityProbationOfficerdetailing
thebehaviors,reasons,andactionsresultingintheprogram removal. 'I'heMajor YiolationReport
m ay containarecomm endation bythefacilitytothelocalP&P DiskictforaRequestforCapias.

'

4 Ifthe offenderhas been placed in the program by the Parole Board,afterthe ijsue ofthe PB-15

warrant,theoffenderwillbeplacedinthelocal'jailclosesttothefacility.A Noticeofpreliminary

Parole/probation Violation Hearing- wiLjbe prepared by the Fqcility Probation Officer and the

proceduresinOperatingProcedure920.6,ViolationofsupervisionConditions,shouldbefollowed.

A prelim inaryparoleviolationhearingw illbeheldw iththefacility Probation Om cerservingas'the

reporting officer.

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G.Docum entation
1. Allactionsrelated to detention orremovalofaComm unity Correctionsoffendershould berecorded in the offenderCaseN otes.

2.Copies'tororiginalsifavailable)ofalldocumentsrelatedtodetentionorremovalofaCommunity

.

Correctionsoffendershould beplaced intheof.fenderCaseRecord. '

SPECIALZOUSING IN W STITUTIONS-GENERALREQUIREV ENTS

A.Thisoperatinjprocedureprovidesinformationtooffendersconcerningassignmenttoandoperationof SpecialHousmgUnits.RefertoOgeratingProcedure425.4,ManagementofBedandCellAsslgnments
(Restricted),forsecurityconsideratlonsrelatingtoSpecialHousing.
B.AssignmenttoSpeciàlHousing

An offenderm ovedfrom generalapopulation intospecialhousingm ay beinitially assignedoneofthe follow ing su tuses:
a. GeneralDetentipn - authorized by the shiftcom m ander or aboye for the im mediate secure confinementofoffenderspending review foranappropriateassignm ent.
'
b. Pre-Hearing Detention - authorized by the shiR comm ander or above for the imm ediate confnementof oflbndersthathave been charged .w ith an offense under Operating Procedure
861.1,OyenderDiscipline,Institutions,areawaitingaDisciplinaryHearing,andareconsidered
tobeapotentialthreattopersonsorproperty,orforescape.
c; ' D isciplinary Segregation -'aher accepting a penalty offer for ' ' disciplinary

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OperatingPfoctdure:861.3

Oçtober1,j011

's.toegr.r.gati,onodribsceii.Lpnglinfaoruypdseggureil.gty'atoiofnviboyl./tihn:gtHheeacrfinfegnsdeOrfdfkisecriplininaaryècpor.rodcaendcu:reWainthdOsepneterantcipedg

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Procedure861.1,OyenderD.flcpWne,Institutions.

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. 2. Assignlenttopnyotherspecialhnusingstatujrequiresaformaldueprocesshearipgàndacyipnby

theIùjtitutipnalClpssilk>tionA utkority(ICA').

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3.Everysey:ndayspfanoffendey'diirsttwomonthsinSpeùialHousingahdevqry30daysthereaher,

tkhcevfSè'pweùolfaal.lHloofufesinndg4rUslaii'sts.tSgnupedéwtoistohypoSrpedceisqiljHpeùçusFinigllUjepritfotorm.m.oan. Witoeyekthbe,a5/ppvrçoftp#ri'.Hatoénuessin:go.fStthaçtuses

stattlsçf..t4-ï253)lfafornialrev'iew ofthioffender'sstatus,is'war'rAnted,iheoffrnderwillbeserved notiçe of à heariùk'in'accordance With Upçrating Pfocedure j30.1,Facility Classecation

M ahdgement.

c.MentàlHeàithandMedic'àlR:viewsandCqre

'

Offenddqs should,be screened by aQualiGed.MentalReàlthPrqfejsiönal(QMI'P)àeforetheir placementprFitàinorleworkinjdayaftèiplacementinspdcialhousingsoanyççatrisk''offenders m#ybéidentiGèdk' Atfacilities'wittlnoQVI!P;th:cbukselè'rornurseshouldscreeptheoffenderto

identià ifthtre.isanvindicationtheoffendermavbe$çatTisk''.Screeningshouldbùcondudedand

specialinstm
H ousing.

ctionsp.royidedaccordingtoOperating' Procedure730.4,OfK

ènders

N

/Risk''i'n

S'p'' ecialV'

2. Any offenderwith identifiéd m entalhealth problemsw ho is placed in specialhousing should be
monitoredperOperating Procedure730.5,M entalH ealth Services:SuicidePrevention andBehavior
Management,andOp:ratiàgProceduret20.1,AccesstoHealthServices.

3.Whenanoffenderistransferredfrom generalpopulationtospecialhousinj,healthcarepersonnel
w illbe inform ed im m ediately' to provide assessm ent and review as indlcated by the protocols establishedbytheeHealthAuthority.

D.Security and ControlofCohtraband

Al1segreqatedhousingareas,toipcludecellshousiilgoffendersidentifiedaspotentiallysuicidal,
havereadllyaccessibleequipm entandsuppliesnecessary inanemergency.

2.ItemsenteHngSpecialHousingUliitqaresearcjedtodetectandeliminatecontraband.

A strip search shallbe conducted on each offenderbefore exiting a SpecialHousing Unitcelland'

then a frisk search shallbe conducted imm ediately qftkr'restraints are applied and the offender

'

rem ovedfrom thecell.laddeu2/22/12)

a. W henevera specialhousing unitoffender is outside a secure area,such âs a cell,shower,or recreationm odule',restraintsandescortshallbeprovidedinaccordancewithOperatingProcedure
420.2,&JeofRestraintsandManagementofop ndersc/ll;ior..

b. A frisk search shallbe conducted priorto returningtheoffenderto a SpecialHousing Unitcell. (added 2/22/12)

4. Eachtim ean offendérm ovesoutofa SpecialHousing Unitcell,a thorough search and inspection willbeconductedanddocum ented beforeanqtheroffendérm ovesintothecell.

5. Each SpecialHousingUnitcellisinspectedwheneveran offenderisrem ovedfrom his/hercell. a. Thisinspection isageneralreview ofs'anitationconditionsandscanforcontraband.

b,The SpEcialHousing cellinspection m ay be conducted by one Corrections Oftscer and the offenderneed notbepresent.

6. ProtectiveCustody offendersare separated from known enem iesand from offendersin Pre-Hearing

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operatkngPfocedure:861.3
o ctober 1,20l1
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Deientionand ' DisciplinarySegregatiori.Suchoffendersmustbehousedinseparatecells
andhavenodirectcoptactunlessbothoffendersareinrestraintdw ithseparatesecutityescorts. '

E*LivingCondltionsandGeneralRequirementsfpiSpecialHousing.

1.Offelïdçràassignedtospecialhousingshouldbealloweébasiclivinglevilsofdecencyandhumane .
' tprreeaftçmrreendt.b'iOztnnolntimti'aqluairsesdi>).omneanvtatiolasbp'leecsiea'rlvhicoeuss.ainng'd''''.-.hoofWfentodeà'rcscàehsosuthldemre'cineiyspeeacniaol'rhioeuntsaintigo.n(written

2. Spjcialhopsing units provide living conditiohsthatapproximate those of the generaloffender

population;allexcrptionsareclearly documented throukhoutthi'soperatingprocedure. Special

housingcells/roomspermittheoffendersassignedtothem toconvefsewithandbeobservedbystaff

members.'(4-4140).

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3. Alloffendersinsegrygationihallbeprovided prescribedmedication,clothingthatijnotdegrading,

and accessto basic personalitemsforusb intheircellsunleksthere isjmminentdatlgerthatan

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offendetoianyothçroffenderts)willdestroyan item,uàeitasaweaponorinstp meniofescape,or

inducesélf-injury,(4-4261)

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4. W ithin th: resources available to the facility,unless security èr safety considerations dictaie

othem ise,offenders in specialhousing have'accessto educationalservices,comm issâry services,.

library services,socialservices',counseling services,religiousguidancw and recreationalpror ams.

(4-4273)

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5.Exceptionstonormallyjrovided.conditionsarepermittedonlywhenfoundnecessarybytheShiA
Comm and.er;anyeyceptlonisdocumented.(4-4265)

6. Specialhousing céllsorunitsshould bewellventilated,adequately lighted,appropriately heated and

% maintainedinasanitarycondition ataIltim es.

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7. NumberofOccupànts

a. Exceptinem ergencies,thenumberofoffendersconfmed to each cellorroom should notexceed

thenumberforwhichitisdesigned(usuallyoneoffenderpercell).

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b.lncellswithproperequipment,suj.tableof'fendersmaybedoublebunked-'

c. Ifanem ergency createsexcessoccupancy intheSpecialHousingUnit,theFacilityUnitHead,or designee,should providetem porarywritten approvaltoexceed design capacity,and alleviatethe situationasprom ptlyaspossiblebyprovidingotherhousingforthepffenderssoconined.

8.'Clothing andBedding

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a. Offendersassigned to specialhousing should dressin Stateissue clothing and befurnished w ith
clothingandbeddinginaccordancewithOperatingPfocedure802.1,OyenderProperty.

b. Upon arrival in the SpecialHousing Unit alloffenders'personalclothing will be rem oved; offenderswillbestripsearchedand issued appropriateclothing.

c. Atleqstthree tim eàperw eek,clean clothesshould be imm ediately availablewhen dirty clothes aretakenoffto bewashed.

d. Cleanwashcloth andtowelwillbeissuedpnaone-for-oneexchangebasisatshowertime.

e. Linenswillbeexchangedw eekly.Blanketsw illbeexchangedasneeded.

9. PersonalProperty
a. Offendersin specialhousingshouldbe allowedto keep pnly thoseitem sallowedfortheirstatus
inaccordancewithOperatingProcedure802.1,OyendçrProperty. J
b.A Corrections Officer and the offender,ortwo Corrections Officersin the offender's absence,

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OperatingProcedure:861.3 Oçtober1,2011

w ill inventory all personal property item s in accordance w ith 'Operating Procedure 802.1,
OyenderProperty.

Tgeoffenderwillbegivenacopyofhispropertyinventory andwillsignforaIlpropertyissuçd

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whileinspecialhousing.

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d.Al1othrritemsofoffenderpersonal'proàertythatwerenotissuedtothe.offender,butareallowed

atthe offender's security leveland currentfacility,w illbe stored upon assignmentto special

hpusing,inatcordanqewithOperatingProcedure802.19OyenderProperty.

e. The offendermustrequestin writing,any authorized personalproperty thatwa.s stored and not
initiallyisquedtotheoffender(i.e.hygieneitèmstoreplaceitemsthathavebeenconsumed).AlI
property taken from the offender's property storage and delivered to the'offender w ill be . documentedontheinitialinyentoryform completedwhentheoffenderwasinitiallyplacedinthe
jpecialHousingUnit.

Offindèrsin specialhousingwillnotbealloped to purchaseany propérty eithertllroughthe
Cgymissaryoranoutsidevendérthatisnotspecificallyauthorizedtooffendersforpossesslonin
thelrassigned status. Any pre-approved item ofpersonalproperty which isreceived while the
offeùderisinspecialhousing;butwhich isnotspecitkally authorizedfortheoffender'sstqtus,
w illbeheld in PersonalProperty and notijsuedtotheoffender.'l'heoffenderwillbenotified of
the receiptof property item sby PersonalProperty staffvia the PersonalProperty Request-
AdsDrop. OffqnderswillnotV allowedto view,try-on,orexarhinethisproperty while
assignedtospecialhousing.

g.Whenanoffenderisdischargedfrom specialhousing,theSjecialHousingUnitSupervisorwill
benotified andw illhavetheoffender'spropertyready to belssuedw hrn theoffenderisreleased..
Theoffenderw illsignforthepropertywhenissued.

10. M edical/M entalHealth Càre N0 0ffenderw illbe denied necessary orproperm edical, dental,and ormentalhealth carew hile ' inspecialhousing.
b.M edicalrequests,m edicalstaffvisits,andm edicationsadm inistered orrefusedshallberecorded.

M edicalservices should be provided in accordance with Operating Procedure 720.2,M edical
Screening,Clàssscation,andLevels/./'Care,andOperatingProcedure720.1,AccesstoHealth
uo rvsga,

d. ''Atrisk''offendersshould be identified and m onitored in accordance with Operating Procedure
730.4,Ofenders'W/Risk''inSpecialHousing.

Unlessm edicalattention isneededm orefrequently,each offenderinspecialhousingshallreceive'

adailyvisitfrom ahealthcareprovider(notrequiredforfacilitiesthatdonothavemedicalstaff on duty on weekends). Thevisitensuresthatoffendershaveaccessto thehealth caresystem.
The presence of a health care provider in sp'ecialhousing is announced and recorded. n e

frequency ofphysicianvisitstospecialhousing unitsisdeterminedbythehealth authority.(4-

4400#4-4258)'

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f. Offenders should request'dentalservices ifneeded. Dentalstaff willdetenpine the need to

providedentalcarewhiletheoffenderisinspecialhousing.

g.Prescribed m edications will bi provided in accordance with Operating Procedure 720.5, Pharmacy Services.

l1.AQMHPwillpersonallyinterview inaccordancewithOperatingProcedure730.4,Oyenders''At
Risk''in SpecialH ousing,any offenderremaining in speciql'housing form orethan 30 days. If
confinementcontinuesbeyond30days,amentalhealthassessmentbyaQM HP ismadeatleast everythreemonthsandmorefrequentlyifprescribedbythechiefmedicalauthority.(4-4256)

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Operating Procedure:861.3 October1,201.1

11.Supervlsion

a.kachoftenderinspçcialhousingshorldbecheckedtwiceper.hqur',nomorethan40minutes

apart,

'' 'oh an lrregularschedule by acorrectionsoftk er,with each check

docum ented. Offenderswho areviolentorm entally disordqred orw ho dim onstrate gip sual, or
bizarie behavioireceivemprefrequrntobserkaiion;suiçjdaloffendersareundercontipuing

observation inaccqrdancuwith OperatinjPmceduretjà.5,'MenialHealtâ services:suicide

PrqkentionandSeàcvforManagement.(4/4257)(changed12/19/12)

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b.In àddition to supervisipn jrovided by the unitoflkers,.the SpecialHousing Unitshèuld be
visiteàdailybytheShiR Cqmm'ander4rhigherauthority.n evisitshouldbeèoùumented.(4-

4258)

l2. Food

a.Offçpdersassignedtospecialhpusingshouldrtceiveth>ssmenumberandtypeofmealsserved .

. thègeneralpopulajon.

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b.Food may notbeused asa jisciplinary measure. Punitivediets(i.e.,bread andwater)for

offendersareprohibited.(4.4320)

c. W henevertheoffenderrefusesto eat arecordshouldbem adeon theSpecialHousing Individual z/g. '

d.OffenderswhorefusetoeatwillbemanagedinaccordancewithOgeratingProcedure420.2,Use ' ofRestraintsandManàgementof D-#àa#crBehaviorandOperatlngProcedure730.5,Mental
HealthServicer 'suicid?Preventionand'BehaviorM anagement.

e. Offenderswho abuse thekaysorfood productsserved to them p illbem anaged in accordance

.

withOperatingProcedure420.2,UseofRestraintsandManagementofoyenderBehavior..

l3. PersonalHygiene

a. Offendersinspecialhousingreceive laundry,barbering,andhaircareservicesand areissued and

exchanjeclothing,Sedding,andlinenonthesamebasisasoffendersinthegeneralpopulation.
Eyceptlonsarepermitted only when foundnecessary by theshiftcommander;anyexception is

documented.(4-4263)

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b. Offendersassignedtospecialhousingshould havetheopportim ity tospongebathewhenrverthey

choose. n ey shouldbepermittedtoshowerandshavenotlessthanthreetimiseachweek.(4- '

4262)

c'.Theoffenderisallowedtopossessthepersonalhygieneitemsauthorizedfortheassijnedstatus inOperatingProcedure802.1,Op nderProperty.Iftheoffenderdoesnothavebaslcpersonal hygieneitemsandisindigeht,thefacilityshouldfzrnishthem.,

d.n e i-acility should provide security toothbrushes. Personaltoothbrushesare generally not

' allowedsincetheym ay be used asweapons.

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e. No oilsorIotionsshouldbeallowed,exceptprayeroil.

f. Offçndersassigned to specialhousing and certain mentalhealth units should beprovided razors

by the faciliiy. Personalrazorsshould notbeallowed. Thetype ofrazorshould beconsistent

withthesecurity levelofthefacility.

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W hen disposablerazors areprovided,thefacility shouldassuretheoffenderdoesnotdeskoy therazorand usethebladeto createaweapon orto c'auseself-harm .Staffshould inspecttlle

razoraqerusetoensuretheoffenderhasnottam peredw ith therazorand theblade ispresent. n e facility.shalluse an accountability jystem to ensure the sam e disposable razor is not issuedtom orethan oneoffehder.

ii. Ifthe facility provideselectric razors,they should becordlesswith rem ovablecutting heads.

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UperatingPiocedure:861.3
October1,2011

Csp.uitttaibnlg*'e#''hdeisaidhsfeactltdapstcirneeanc.cç.oorvdearnscseh.wonitlàdmbeaahs.uanfaitcitzuerdera'sfl.einrsetpacchtiuojneà.by

soaking

ina solutioùof (j; . ..

g.Offendifswi.llbeescortedlirectlytoahdfromtlieshowers.Offendçrsshöuldbealloweàtotak, e

onlytàeminimum items'needed.

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h. Bq'rber'.ink''''' S. ervicess.h'ouldzbe.qkqilab. leop' ar'eg''''''ulgr.bad'is.

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14 Corm spondepce

a.Udenders.çont=ine.d to spe.ciqlhoùsing aresubjecttothesamemailregulationsand priyileges,

including seliding and receivlng legalmail,.as offendçrs'ajsignid to gùniralpopulation in .
MCCOC(1anceY/iyilOpçratingPtocrdurù803.1,Op ndebCorreuç/tw#chçé,eyceptthatoffendersip

specjial'vhousirigwillnotrecri've' thrcontentjofpackpjesunlessappmvedbytheFacilil Uqit

Heà ...44-4266) .

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b.:Dekijsaepnpseroovfedthileemofsfemndayerboersttohrredseifhdaperp,roovreddisfpoorsGedepoifrjlnPàocpèuolardtiapipw,ereWtuirtiizleOdpto.çrtahteinsgenPdmercaetdtuhree

842..1,OyendérProperty.

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15.A ccesstpLegalServices
a! Offendersassigned to specialhousing willnotbe prohibited from conducting litigation on their ow nbehalf.

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b.Offenders assigned t.o special housing should be afforded access to facility legal services

including the Facility Attorney and the use of Law Library materials in accordance with

OperatingProcedure866.3,Op nderLegalAccess. Offendérsbeingplacedirispecialhousing

shouldbe.providedinformâtiononhow toaccesslegalsprvices..(4-4268)

c. Attprney visits and legal.callsareAddresseà in theVisitation andTelephonesectionsofthis
operating procedure.

1
.16. V isitation

a. OffendersinSpecialH ousinghaveppportunitiesforvisitationunlesstherearesubsta'ntialreasons

forwithholdingsuchprivileges.(4-4267)

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b. Thevisitationscheduleforoffenders'inspecialhousingshouldbeestablishedbytheFacility Unit

Head asperm ittedby availablestaffapd facilities.

c. V isitation in specialhousingw illbenon-contactunlessapprovedby theFacilityUnitHead.

d.A mu imum ofonevisitperweekforoneliourwithnomorethanfivepersonsshouldbegranted
to offendersinsegregation. Som efacilitiesmaysetalowefIim itonthenumberofvisitorsdueto
spacelim itations.
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e. Attorney visitsto alioffenderin specialhousihg shalloccurduring norm alworking hoursqfthe
.facilityunlessotherwise'approvedbytheFacilityUnitHeadordesilnee. Attorniysshallbe
askedtopresentproperidentificaiionbeforebeingadmittedtoth:facllityandthevlsitwillbe conduct:dinaccordancewithOperatingProcéduret51.1,YisitingPrivileges.

17. Com m issary
a. Orders should be taken at least3 times per m opth oq scheduled days. Offenders in special hpusing arealloweda$40.00 spendIim itpermonth.
b*Glass;metal,andotherhazardouscontainersorproductsmayberestriciedifde'terminedby the
facilitytoposeariskto security,N ooilsorlotionsshould beallowed,exceptprayeroil.

c.securitywritinginstrumentsshouldbejrovidédbythefacility.Longterm segregationfacilities
mayrequireoffendeystopurchasesecurlW writinginstnlmentsahertheinitialissue.

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october1,2011

d.A listpf.approved Commissary itemsforspecialhousipgoffendersshouldbeavailableip the

SpecialHousingU nit. '

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18. Exercise'

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a. Specialhopsingoffendersshoqld be alldweda m inimum ofone hourofoutofcellexercise five.

separate daysjerwiek in a supervised area,unles'sseèprlty orsafety considerationy diciate

oth. erWike.(4.-427. 0)'

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b Durknjperiodsoftotatfacilitylùckdown,otltofcellexerciiemayalsobesuspendedfor'spçcial ' hoilsinjoffenders. '

t. A recordw illbem adeany tim eeyerciseisgivenorreftised.

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19. Tdlephone
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a.Offendçrsassigneltospecialhpusing(exce/ pre-hevingdetentionand' ' disèiplinary

sejrekation)shouldbepermigedto placetwotelephonec>lls.petmopth in açcordancewith

OperatingProcedure803.3,Om nderTelephpnçServfcd.(4-4271) . '. '

b.Offendersbeing placed in specialhousipg shöuldbeproyidedhdormàtion onhow to access

telephoneservicesincluding ligâlandemefgency calls. '

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20. Counselingaservices

Offendersbeinj placed'in specialhousing shorld be provided information on how to access
counselingservlcesuponrequestandforemergencles.(4-4258)

21. EducationalandLibrazy Book Services

.

.

a.öffendersassignedto specialhousingwillhaveaccess'toeducationalservicesasdeterminedby
theDCE Principal

' b.Offendersassignedtosegregationwillhaveaccesstolibrarybooksforpersonaluse.(4-4269)

.

22. ReligiousGuidance .

'

a).Offendersassianedtospecialhousing willhaveaccessto religlousauidance. OffendersbeinM

'

p11 laced

in

sn21kecialh..ousin1zk..:/'should

beprovidedlnformation .

on

how

to

accesstheChaplain

or other

available religious services

.-

b.Visitsfrom spiritualleaders m éy be requested in accordance with Operating Procedure 851.1,

Visiting PriMileges.

' '

v1. GENERALD/TENTION

A .GeneralDeteniionAssignmentand ClassiscationProcess

.

'

/

1.GeneralDetentionmaybeutilizedfortheimmediatesecur:confinementofanoffenderpending
investigation ofaposslble crim inalorfacility.ruleviolation,when the offenderisconsideredto bea

potentialthreatto persons or property,orwhen an offenderrequires personalprotection and no

reasonable alternative is available.

. ,

2.OnlytheShi;Commanderorahigherauthoritymayauthorizeanpffender'splacementinGeneral

Detention. The Facility UnitHead or.otherAdminlstrative Duty Oflicershallrevi.ew this action

within72hoursoftheoffender'splacementonGeneralDetention.(4-4250) '

.

.

3. In cases when protective custody is requested,ihe Shih Comm ander should attem pt to ;nd a'

.

.

reasonable alternativeto assignm entto theSpecialHousing'Unit. Iftheneed forprotecsivecustody '

is documented and no altem ative exists,the shiftCommanderëhallauthorize the offender's

'

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assignmenttoGeneralDetentionstams.(4-4251) '

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OperatingPrcceàpre:861,3

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october1,2û11

C .
. 4.Offendersshouldb:screenedbyaQsupbeforetheirplacementorwitjjnoneForkjugdayajur ,
placementinGeneralDitentionsèthatany''atrisk''. offendefsm ay beidentiGed. Atfacilitieswith
noQM IIP,thecounselqrornufsçsàouldscreentheoffendertoidentifyifthereisanyindicationthe

'

offqnderm ày beRatrijk''*

.

.

5.. An'offenderemay not be held in GeneralDètention forlongerthan three workihg days. Unless '

assighed tö a neW housing statusby the ICA,the offenderwillreved to the previoushousing

,. . ' .assigp' m.' .e. àtA..fterth' reeworkin.g.daysi.nG.,.e,. n'.eratD.eten.tioh.. .

' '

.

.

J

.

.

6.TheICA jhallconductafprmalreviewfprdeterminationofapprogriatehousingassignmentwithin

t. three:'wörkiligdajsoftheoffqùderbeinjplacedonGeàéral.D..4tentlop..TheICA may.poire-assign.

theöffenderto GenerqlD étentlop.Posslbleappropriatehousingassignl entsare:

a.Reiur'ntoth:generalpopulatipn
. b.Ajpignme.nttoPre-HearingDetentionjjacj:argejs.sewed

c@A,siignmentto Segregation...

'

.
.
.'

7.TheICA may asiijn an offendertù Segregation fo*irivestigation ofthe matiertàatcaused the

offeùdertobeplacèdo'nGeneralDqtehtion. Anoffendermaynotbeheld ininvestigativestatus

beyond
Unlt

' 15workdaysuhlesstheyarebeinginvestlgatedbytheSpecialInvestigations

' .(corrictud11/15/13,charmed4/2/14)

' '

B.ConditionsforGeneralDetention

'

1. Unless offender behaviors warraritthe removalof specifk property items or denialof specific activities,Conditions for GeneralDetenyion shallconform to the Living Conditions for Special Housinglistedabove.
'
2. Ifanynormally allow edspeciicproperty item oractivity isdenied,itmustbedocum ented. ,

V .

1.I.-J

PRE.H

EA

RIN

G

D

ETEN

TIO
.

N

.

A.'Pre-HearingDetentionA ssignm entandClassifcationProcess

.
.

1.Assignmentto Pre-Hearing Detentipn ma( be madewheh an offenderhasbeen qharged with

violation of an offense in accordance wlth Operating Procedure 861.1,Oyender Discèline,

Institutionsisawaiting aD isciplinary Hearing andisconsidered tobeapètentialtllreattopersonsor

property.

' .

2.Pre-Hearin!DetentioncanonlybeauthorizedbytheShih Commqnderorahigherauthority.n e
FaiilityUnltHeadorotherAdministratiyeDutyOflksrshallreview thisactionwithin72houtsof theoffender'splacem enton Pre-HearingDetention.

. 3. OffendersshouldbescreenedbyaQMI'P beforitheirplacement'orwithin oneworkingday aher
placem enton Pre-Hearing Detention so thatany ''atrisk''offendersm ay beidentised. Atfacilities
with no QM 11P,.the counselor ornurse should screen the offenderto identify ifthere is any
indicationtheoffenderm aybeççatrisk''.

4. An offenderm'ay notbe'held in Pre-Hearing Detention forIongerthanthree working dayswithout
being form ally reviewed by the ICA in accordance w ith Operating Procedure 830.1,Facility
Class@cationM anagement,todetermineifthe'offendercontinuestobeathreattopersons,property,
orsecurity.

a. The ICA should m ake a recommendation to return the offenderto the gtneralpopulation or

continuetheoffenderin Pre-HearingDetentionstatusuntilhereceivesaDisciplinaryHearing.

'

b.Themaxim um totalperiod in Pre-HearingDetention shallnotexceedfifteendays.

.

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ope.ratingProqeduri:'jf1.J

. ,

octpber1,k()11

.

.

c.Iftlie Disciplinary.Hearing is notheld Within fiheen days ofthù beginninj of Je-Héating

. Detentipn,the1CA mustcoilductaformalhearingtodetermineiftlieoffeùdershoulbbeasslgned .

.

. toS.e'g''*'.'.re....g'''''ationprre, .lea..j' ep.' tqgeneral.1'pop. ujàtion. . .

. '

. .
.

B.ConLitippqforPre-RearingDetentipn arethé qameajfor

.

.

.

SectibnVIII,B.,bélow)

.

' .

' .

' Disciplinary Segregation (see . .'' .

VI1I. .

.

).

D è àLINAt:Y IS I .
.

' '

' .'

.. . -

,

jt:L.'j.R.EGATIO'. N

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.

.

A.. ' DisciplinarytigrpgptioliAssignmentProcess '' ,

.

.

. .

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.

.

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<.

l, t'hi.IN' ''à.'rihDgisscOip*ffliiùcae.rr.'y''haSsig.'*f'@'èreug'.''n'''.adt. igp'lùiilitsyaofdr.ifsa.cciips'-liltiynarruy'.'lemveiaoslautmjonu.s.e.dOffoferntdheersm.manaajg....oemnlyenbteo. af.sosfigfenneddertös

'

.' .Dià'cipab lina&.*'

SekM--rea--'àt'ion

in'

acèordance .

with .

.Opzki. ratinah-#

Procedure

861.1, Ofender .

.

Discèlinè,Institutiohs.(4-4252)

.

.

. '.

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1 .y .

. '. . . .

.

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2..Ofpfrfdenacd'hefmàmâl...öary- rbue'leàvssioigl-->nteiodnt.o

' Dis'cip'''lin' ary''' Seg- reg''''ationforamiximttm 'p''eripkof. 30dayà.

.

' .

.

. .. '

'

.

.

.

.

.

'

.

,. 3.Wjjù'n an offenderhas'm ore than ope . Discipliàary Segw gatibh jentence to serve,aher .

' serving30pönsecutiv:daysfriortoservinganysubsequénts:ntence,theoffenderwillbegivena

restper1odof15consecutivedaysbeforebuingplpcedbackin ' ' dipciplinarysegregation.(4-

4255)

4.Offendersmayberetumedtothegeneralpopulation,ifappropfiate,duringtherestperiodsbe- een .
lnnlnAl'n!nD isclplinary Segregation jentences,orm ay be reviewed.by the ICA in a form alhearing

held in accordalke with Operating Procedure 830.1,Facility Classscation Manayement,for
assignnientto .segregatiop during the restperiods. Offenders assigned to Segregatlon betwèen ' sentericesshouldbeprov'idedthesameprivilegesasotheroffendersassignedto Sem egation.

n

r

.

.

.

5, W hen computingtimeforthoseoffeùdersassignedto ' Disciplinary Segregation and Pre-

HearingDetention,theday ofadm ittanceshallcountasonedayand theday ofreleasçshallcouptas
'
one day.

B.Offenderson Pre-Hearing Deiention orserving an lnnlrelnc Disciplinary Segregation sentence are

subjectto the same Iiving conditionsas otheroffenders in specialhousing with the.following

exceptions:

'

1. ClothingandBedding

. '

'

.

,

.

'

Beddingmayberemovedduringthedaytimehours.Iriplaceofbedding,achairshouldbeplacedin

the cell.

'

2. PersonalProperty .

'
Offenderson Pre-Hearing D etention orin g Disciplinary Segrégation should be allowed to

'

keep onlythose item slistéd forPre-llearingDetention and ' Disciplinary Segregation status

inOpefâtingProcedure802.1,OyenderProperty , ,

3. PersonalHygiene

. .

. Ifthe offender is indigentand does nothave the personalhygiene itenis listed for Pre-Hearing

Detention an'd ' Disciplinary Segregationstatusin Operating Procedure 802.1,Ofender

Property,thefacility shouldfurnish them .

.

4. Visitation

'

'

a. Offenders on Prr-Hearing Detention or in. ' Disciplinary Segregation w illforfeit the

privileges of m ceiving visits from relatives and friends; however, under exqeptional

circum stances,perm issionm ay beobtainedfrom theFacilityUnitHead f0rsuchvisits.

.

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Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 54-2 Filed 05/18/16 Page 22 of 25 Pageid#: 358

OperatingProcedvre:86l.3 Octèber1,201l

b Attbrn'ey yisitsto an offenderin on PrerHearing Detention or ' Disciplinafy Segrégatipn
m@ynbtberestrictedandattèrneysshouldbeallowedaccesstothe.offendeiinaicordancewith OperqtinéProçedure851:1,nsitingprivileges.

.
.
.
'
' .

Coémissary

' '

.

.
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a.OffiàdqrjphPré-llearingDetbntioporin ' DisciplinarySegrçgationam iimitedtothe

pufdliaseofneceqsarylejalsupjlies,perso/alhygieneitemj,andOTCmidications.

. '

.

. .

'

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. . .

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: .

). .

'

.. '. ' . .

b.A 'liptofapprpved Commisp/ itemsfor.Prè-Hearing Dçtentidn and ' Disçiplinary

c.' .lse:gciu.erjii>ytiwpnrltoifnf'genk.dnes.ii'r'su'Fm' iellkn' bt;esaivkèâui'ilad.bàl'eei'gflrot.hvrid'Sepk.ecàiyal.thHeofua'kcini'lgity'U.nLi't.ongte=,'segre'gationfac:i'lities ,
payrequifeoffenderstpjufchasesecùrltywritinginstnimentsaûertheinitialissue.

.

:

. .

.

6.Telepàoqe

. .

.

' J

.. .t

.

' .

a.
.

Offçtlder:onPre-l-leiiiqgDrtentionorqszignùdtoT--x1n+1'x-

be>fêprdedpersöhaltelepà4ne.privile.je. s.. .

.

.

Disciplinary '

jegregation should not.

.

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,

.

.

b öflkpdersbeinjklacedonlye-llearingDetentionorin' ' DisciklinarySejregationstatus
should beprovided ihformatpn on how to accesstheoffendertelephonesystem forplacing legal

andelperjencycalls.(4-4272)

IX. StGREGATION

A.SegregationClassitk ationProcéss

Segregationisnotadisciplinarymeasurebutameansofcustodial-orproiectivecontrol.Segregation
consistsofpersonalprotection and custodialmanagementmeasuresexercised by thefacility foithe welfareoftheoffenderorthefacility,orb0th.

2.Offendèrâmayonly be+qsignebtoSegreg'ationbythe1CA aqeradueprocesshearingheld in * accordancewithOperatingProcedure830.1,FacilityClaasscationManagement.

3. 'I'he offender's behévior and attitude will be observe'd and evaluated during assignment to

Segregation.

'

'

4. A noffendermay notbeheld ih Segregationin investigativestatusbeyond unless the offender is being investigated by the Special Investigations Unit
. (correctedl1/15/13,chanaed4/2/14)

15work days

'

'

'

.

DuringtheassignmenttoSegregation,thepffenderstatuswillbeformallyreviewedby theICA at
Ieastonce every 90 days.(4-4254) n e1CA willformally revie'w the offender'sadlustmentand ,

behaviorin accordancewith OperatingProcedure 830.1,Facility Class@cationM anagement,and
detenninewhetherto recomm endthattheoffendercontinue in Segregqtion forasubsequeptperiod

ofupto90 daysofbeassignedtothegeberalpopulationk

a.

The ICA

should

base

itsrecomm

N
endation

on

consideration.

of the remson

fortheassignment,the

offender'sbehavior,andtheprogressmadetowardcaseplanobjectives. .

b.n eICA shoulddeteq inewhethertheoffenderisathreattosecurityoriftheoffendermaybein

dangerduetoenem iesm thegeneralpopulation.

'

c. Ifappropriate,o'ffendersm ay be managed in Segregation pending approvalforand transferto a ProtectiveCustody Uhit.

d. TheICA m ay recomm end atransferto anotherfacility when return to thç generalpopulation in ' thesamefacility isnotappropriite.

6. AdministmtiveICA hearingsmay beconducted atthefacilityjsdiscretion atan'y tim ea significant '

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Operating Procedure:861.3

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. oçtober1,201l

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changeinqircumstancesortheoffenher'sbehaviorwarrantsareview inaccèrdancewith Operating

Procedure830,1,FacilityClassncationManagement.

. '

. '

7.W hen the ICA determ ines that an offender's tehavioror circùmstances no longtr warranta ' segregatedstatus,areéommenkationfortheoffender'sreleasetogeneralpopulatio'nshouldbemadé.

a. Upon com pletioù ofthe ICA hiaringsdocket,theFacility UnitH ead orAjsistantFacility Unit

Head(orAdministrativéDutyOfficerintheirabsence)wtllreview tlieICA'!recommendation

' forrelease. '

.

. >

.

b. Ifthe ICA recomm endation is approved,the offenderw ill.rem ain on segregation status until.

movedto GeneralPopulation.TheRecordsM anagerordesigneew illscheduletheoffendertobe

m

oved

into'Ge'neralPopœ ulasion .

u'p* on

availabilitv*''

of bed

sn'* ace.(-addced2/22/12)-

.:

c. Ifthe ICA recomm endation isdisappfoved,the offenderw illrem ain in segregation and recçike

- anotherform alreview withinthenext90 days.

k

B.'ConditionsofSegregation

.
'

1. Unless offender behaviors warrantthe removalof specitk property ilem s or denialof specific
'
activities,ConditioùsforSegrègatipn shallconform to the Living ConditionsforSpecialHousing

'

listed above.

'

2. Ifany norm ally allowH specifcpropertyitem oractivity isdenied,itmustbedocum ented-

X.MENTM FIEALTH HOLD Ac M EDICAL HOLD

A.MentalHealthHoldandM edicalHoldarespecialtypesofSegregationassignedbytheICA. . .

B.W hen M entalHealth orM edicalstaffdeterm inethatan offendershouldbeplaced in specialhousingto

protectthe offender or the generalpopulation they may request to the ShiR.Com mander that the

offenderbeplacedon GeneralDetention.

.' '

C.n e M entalHealth or M edicalstaff causing the offenderto be placed in GeneralDetention should advisethe1CA whethertheoffendershouldbeassignedtoSegregationorreleasedtogeneralpopulation
onreview oftheGeneralDetentionstatus.

' D.Ifan offenderisassilned to Segregation with MentalHealth.orMedicalHold,MentalHealth or
M edicalstaffm ustadvlsetheICA whentheoffenderhasrecoveredadequately tobereturned to general . population.

1. 'I'heICA should'thenhold anadm inis'kativereview forreleaseoftheoffendertogeneralpopulation.

2.Duringtheassignmentto SegregationwithM entalHealthorM edicalHold,theoffender.statuswill

'

be form allyreview ed by theICA atleastonceevery90days.

.

E.ConditionsforM entalHea1thHoldandM edicalHold -

1. Unlessoffenderbehaviorsormedical/m ent lhealth needsFarrantthe rem ovalofspecifc property

item sordenialof specitic activitiej,Conditions forM entalHealth Hold and M edicalHold shall

.

conform to theLivingConditionsforSpecialHousinglistedabovek

'

2. Ifany norm ally allowedspecificproperty item oractivityisdenied,itm ustbedocumente;

,..

.

n

F.The decision to assign offenders to m edicalobservation units,'infrm aries orm entalhealth units is> .

medicaldecisionto bem ade bythetreating physician accordingtoappropriatemedicalproceduresalid .

isnotgoverned bythisoperatingprocedure.

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Page 14 of15 Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 54-2 Filed 05/18/16 Page 24 of 25 Pageid#: 360

O peratingProcedure:861.3 Octob:r1,20ll

X1. REFERENCES

OpepiingProcedurek20.2,Us'eofRestraintsanduanagementofoyenderBehavior

.

.

.

2

. .

OperatingPrpcedure425.4,M anagementofBed'andCellAssignments

' .

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,

OperatinjProcedure720.1,A.ctesstoH ea1thServices

OperatingProceduri726.2,M edicalScreening,Class6cation,andLevelsofcare

. ''

,

OperatingProcedure720.5,PharmacyServices

OperatingProcedure730.4,Ofenders/r/1/Rijk''faSpecialHousing
Operating,prpcedure730.5,M entalHealthé'ervfcez;SuicidePre'ventionandBehaviorM anagement .
OperatingProcedure802.1,OfenderProperty OperatingProcedure803.1,OfenderCorrespondence OperqtingProcedure803.3,OfenàerTelephones'crvfce

OperatingProcedufe830.1,FacilityClassscationManagement
OperatingProcedure851.1,Visiting Privileges ' .

OperatingProcedure861.'1,OffenderDgcl//fae,Institutions

OperatingProcedure866.3,OfenderLegalAccess

OperatingProcedure920.6,ViolationofsupervisionConditions

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M I. FO1lM CITA TION S

SnecialHousinz'IndivîdualLtv (425 F4) SnecialWatchLoz(425 F5)

M I1. REVIEW DATE

Theoffk eofprim ary responsibility shallreview thisoperating procedureannua'lly and re-write itno later thanOctober1,2014.

Theo-'ceofprimaryresponsibilityreviewedthisoperatingprocedukeinOctober2012andnochdngesare

neededatthistime.

.

Thet/A ceofprimaryresponsibilityreviewedthisoperatingprocedureinOctober2013and.nochankesare
needed atthistim e.

Jg'natur6cbm on6Fïâ

John M .Jabe,.DeputyDirectorofOperations

Jg'naturec'T y onT'j4
* .
M alcolm L.Taylor,ActingDeputyD irectorofCop m unityColw ctions

' .
Page 15 of 15 Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 54-2 Filed 05/18/16 Page 25 of 25 Pageid#: 361

 
 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DePAOLA, Plaintiff,
v. VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendants.

) ) ) Case No. 7:14CV00692 ) ) OPINION AND ORDER ) ) By: James P. Jones ) United States District Judge ) )

Eric J. DePaola, Pro Se Plaintiff; John Michael Parsons, Office of the Attorney General, Richmond, Virginia, for Defendants.

The plaintiff, Eric J. DePaola, a Virginia prison inmate proceeding pro se,

filed this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. DePaola asserts constitutional

challenges to certain classification procedures that have allegedly prevented him

from earning his release from the highly restrictive living conditions at Red Onion

State Prison (“Red Onion”). After review of the record, I conclude that the

defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment must be granted.

I.

DePaola is currently serving a total sentence of thirty-eight years in the

Virginia Department of Corrections (“VDOC”) for crimes that include two counts

of malicious wounding, use of a firearm, statutory burglary, and two counts of

abduction. DePaola has been confined at Red Onion since February 21, 2007,
when he was transferred from Wallens Ridge State Prison (“Wallens Ridge”).
Red Onion and Wallens Ridge house all VDOC “Level S” inmates. Level S is reserved for inmates who must be managed in a segregation setting.1 Under
current policies, once a VDOC inmate is classified as Level S, officials transfer
him to one of these facilities, where he may participate in the Segregation
Reduction Step-Down Program designed to help him progress in stages toward a
return to the general prison population. (Operating Procedure (“OP”) 830.A, at 9-
34, ECF No. 72-1.) This OP became effective on February 18, 2013, with the
stated purpose to provide “established procedures for incentive based offender
management which will create a pathway for offenders to step-down from Security
level S to lower security levels in a manner that maintains public, staff and
offender safety.” (OP 830.A(I).) The step-down program is goal-oriented: when
inmates exhibit positive behaviors, such as anger management and respect, and
succeed in completing the established goals in each stage of the procedure, they are
rewarded by moving to the next step and earning its additional privileges.
1 According to the VDOC operating procedure for security level classification, inmates are classified to Level S based on “segregation qualifiers,” including the following: aggravated assault on a staff person or on another offender using a weapon or resulting in serious injury; serious risk of escape; “[c]ommission of a crime of exceptional violence and/or notoriety”; “[e]xcessive violent [d]isciplinary [c]onvictions”; fire setting or rioting in prison that harmed a person or caused extensive property damage; hostage taking; possessing firearms or other weapons; gang activity or leadership; and manipulating staff or displaying predatory behavior. (See OP 830.2(IV)(G).)
-2-

As described in OP 830.A(III), each newly classified Level S inmate is assessed and assigned to the appropriate privilege level within Level S: intensive management (“IM”), special management (“SM”), or the reentry unit (reserved for inmates within two years of release). An inmate is assigned to IM status if evaluators determine that he has “the potential for extreme and/or deadly violence,” as indicated by a history of violent disciplinary infractions against staff or other inmates, or an “extensive criminal history and lifestyle that has escalated so that extreme/deadly violence has become a behavior characteristic.” (OP 830.A(III).) The policy expressly states that “[t]he potential for extreme or deadly violence is not eliminated despite the offender’s daily institutional adjustment even when providing more than a year of compliant, polite, and cooperative behavior and attitude.” (Id.)
Alternatively, an inmate may be placed in IM status because of his “routinely disruptive and threatening pattern of behavior and attitude” or because he is “incarcerated for a notorious crime that puts [him] at risk from other offenders.” (Id.) On the other hand, an inmate is assigned to SM status if evaluators find that he has a history of “repeated disruptive behavior at lower level facilities, . . . fighting with staff or offenders, and/or violent resistance” that harmed staff or other inmates, but “without the intent to invoke serious harm, . . . kill, or [cause] serious damage to the facility.” (Id.)
-3-

Inmates are further sub-classified under OP 830.A as follows, starting with
IM-0, the most restrictive status, and ending with the general population, the least
restrictive.
Intensive Management (IM): IM-0 IM-1 IM-2 IM-SL6 Special Management (SM): SM-0 SM-1 SM-2 SM-SL6 Step-Down—Level VI General Population Structured Living—Phase 1 and Phase 2 Security Level V General Population
The step-down program in OP 830.A is a so-called cognitive program that includes
pro-social goals and requires the inmate to complete a workbook set called the
Challenge Series, remain infraction free, meet responsible behavior goals, and
participate in self-improvement and education programs. When an inmate meets
the goals designated for a step, he may be advanced to the next step and receive the
additional privileges assigned to it.
All Level S inmates in the IM and SM categories are housed in single cells
and, until they reach the SM-SL6 stage, are restrained in handcuffs and shackles
and escorted by two officers whenever they leave their cells. Per policy, they
receive meals in their cells (the same types of meals that inmates in general
-4-

population units receive), receive not less than three showers per week, and have out-of-cell recreation for one hour, five days per week. These inmates generally can have two twenty-minute phone calls per month, one one-hour, non-contact visit per week, limited use of radio and television, and limited commissary purchases. They can possess at least two library books per week, receive and send mail, and possess legal and religious materials. The privileges an IM inmate may earn under OP 830.A at IM-1 and IM-2 include more library books per week, more commissary purchases, more non-contact visits or telephone calls, increased TV time and channels, and even limited job possibilities. An inmate progressing to SM-1 or SM-2 can earn even greater privileges.
IM or SM inmates who do not meet the standards for discipline, responsible behavior, self-improvement, and programming can be moved back to a lower step. Some inmates assigned to a lower step may be required to start over with the Challenge Series; they must then work with treatment staff to complete its exercises again to achieve positive changes in thought processes and social skills. An inmate’s refusal to participate in the step-down program may also be grounds for a reduction in his step assignment back to IM-0 or SM-0, where he may remain, stripped of the privileges he had earned in the higher step, until he chooses to participate.
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Members of the Unit Management Team, a multi-disciplinary group of staff who work in the housing units, track and rate each inmate’s progress toward the goals of his assigned step. They rate his behavior every week as poor, acceptable, or good in each of several categories, such as personal hygiene, standing for count, and respect. Counselors rate the inmate’s program participation every week as incomplete, complete, or positive effort. Officers in each of these groups are encouraged to communicate with inmates about these ratings — to acknowledge positive performance and motivate improvement where needed. (OP 830.A(IV)(D).)
When an inmate completes the Challenge Series curriculum and evaluators deem that he has achieved its behavioral goals in SM-2, he is stepped down in security level from Level S to SM-SL6. (OP 830.A(IV)(F).) At this point, officials assess each inmate and assign him to one of three SL6 program pods geared to safely reintroduce him into a social environment to interact with other inmates and test his readiness for possible transfer to Level V and, eventually, to other non-segregation settings. (Id.)
Inmates in the SL6 step-down pod may progress through two phases.2 In SL6 Phase 1, they are still in single cells, but they are permitted to leave their cells
2 In addition to the SM-SL6 step-down pod, inmates at this stage may be assigned to: (a) the secure allied management (“SAM”) pod, designed for inmates who may be vulnerable to victimization because of cognitive impairment or other factors; or (b) the
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unrestrained for movement to the shower and recreation and, gradually, to
participate in the Thinking for a Change curriculum with other inmates in groups
of up to fifteen participants. (Id.) Inmates in SL6 Phase 2 are double-celled and
unrestrained for showers and recreation, have outside recreation with other inmates
for an hour, twice a week, and can walk to meals with other inmates to eat their
meals together in the dining hall.
The IM pathway under OP 830.A is different than the SM pathway. If an
inmate reaches IM-2 status, and officials determine that he cannot progress to the
SM steps toward classification to the SL6 pods, he can become eligible for
assignment to the lowest security level for an IM status inmate: Level 6-IM, also
known as the Closed Pod. The Closed Pod is expressly designed “to create an
opportunity for an increased quality of life for offenders possibly facing a long term in high security.”3 (OP 830.A(IV)(G)(1).) Closed Pod inmates continue to
secure integrated pod (“SIP”), designed for inmates who intentionally commit multiple minor disciplinary infractions to stay in segregated housing. The programming in the SAM and SIP pods differs from the step-down pod and is intended to assess inmates’ ability to socialize safely with other inmates and encourage them toward a move to a general population.
3 OP 830.A(IV)(G)(2)(g) states:
Restricted freedoms and interaction with staff and other offenders for the IM population is temporary. There is a strong commitment to develop a model to support an improved quality of life and greater opportunities for self-improvement for this dangerous population. The goal is to develop a management strategy that includes reduced restrictions, increased freedoms, and increased unrestrained interactions with others. However, at the time
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have single-celled housing, segregated showers and recreation areas, and out-ofcell restraints, shackles, and dual escorts. Closed Pod inmates can, however, earn more privileges than any other group of IM inmates, such as more in-pod job assignments, more programming in-cell and in small groups in secure chairs, video visitation, and longer in-person visitation.
In addition to the weekly progress ratings by the Unit Management Team, OP 830.A(IV)(K)(5) requires that all segregation inmates, including those participating in the step-down program, be routinely reviewed by the Institutional Classification Authority (“ICA”). (OP 830.1, at 35-43, ECF No. 72-1.) According to OP 830.A, Appendices F and G, Level S inmates are to receive an ICA review at least every ninety days. Among other things, the ICA reviews and acts on recommendations for step increases or reductions.
In addition to Unit Management Team review of an inmate’s classification status, certain classification decisions are also reviewed by a Dual Treatment Team made up of officials from both Red Onion and Wallens Ridge, by the wardens of the two institutions, or by the VDOC regional operations chief. In addition to this multi-level review scheme, according to OP 830.A(IV)(K)(1)(a), “[a] team
of this writing, guidelines or models are not available for predicting safety with a population that has a proven history of carrying out extreme and/or deadly violence. Once the larger Step-Down plan in general is implemented and stable, attention will be focused on additional IM stepdown opportunities.
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external to [Red Onion and Wallens Ridge] will perform an annual review of each [Level S] offender’s case.” This review includes a reassessment of whether the inmate continues to meet the criteria for the IM or SM path to which he has been assigned. According to OP 830.1(IV)(G), all classification decisions may be appealed through the Offender Grievance Procedure, to which Level S inmates have access.
When DePaola arrived at Red Onion in 2007, he was assigned to general population housing and was allowed to leave his cell unrestrained. On September 14, 2009, after officers had released him from his cell to help serve meals to other inmates, he stabbed an officer with a shank. DePaola refers to this incident as “an altercation with a guard” and states that he has had no other incidents involving violence since he entered prison in 2004 at seventeen years of age. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 81-82.) In July 2011, DePaola was convicted of malicious wounding of the guard and was sentenced to ten years in prison, with five years suspended. DePaola claims that in August 2012, under the step-down procedures then in place at Red Onion, he was classified to SM status. He further states that he advanced to SM-1 in October 2012. In December 2012, the ICA recommended that DePaola be assigned to IM status on the ground that he needed “a longer period of stable adjustment” and “need[ed] to complete the first [five] books of the Challenge Program.” (Pl.’s Mem. Opp’n Summ. J. Ex. 5, at 5, ECF No. 74-3.)
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After OP 830.A took effect in February 2013, officials reviewed DePaola’s status. In March 2013, he was assigned to the IM pathway based on the serious nature of his assault on the officer in 2009. In August 2013, he was assigned to IM-2, and in December 2013, he was approved for the Closed Pod.4 During his annual review in March 2014, the ICA recommended that his good time earning level be changed from Level 4 (the lowest earning level) to Level 1. That report noted that, although DePaola had receved a charge for possession of contraband in December 2013, he had completed anger management treatment and the Challenge Series and had remained employed as a utensil prep worker.
At DePaola’s review in September 2014, the ICA recommended that he be placed in segregation because he had received a charge for tampering with equipment in his cell. That same month, DePaola also received charges for stealing and possessing contraband. On October 8, 2014, based on reports of DePaola’s “poor behavior and adjustment in a population setting,” the ICA recommended reduction of his security rating. (Artrip Aff. Enclosure H, at 62, ECF No. 72-1.) In December 2014, the ICA recommended that DePaola be
4 The parties submitted ICA reports that contain different information regarding DePaola’s approval for the Closed Pod. (Compare Pl.’s Mem. Opp’n Summ. J. Ex. 8-9, at 8-9, ECF No. 74-3, with Artrip Aff. Enclosure E, at 55, ECF No. 72-1.) DePaola alleges that the defendants’ records have been falsified. Because I must construe the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, Williams v. Staples, Inc., 372 F.3d 662, 667 (4th Cir. 2004), I have used the timeline indicated by DePaola’s exhibits. I express no opinion as to the plaintiff’s allegation of falsification.
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assigned to IM-0. Its report noted DePaola’s statement that “[the stealing]’s the only 100 series charge I have in almost 6yrs. I’ve only had 2 other charges(224) in almost 5yrs. This does not warrant IM 0 or segregation status.” (Id. Enclosure I, at 68.) DePaola’s assignment to IM-0 was approved later that month. At his next ICA review in March 2015, he was approved for a step increase to IM-1, and in June 2015, he was assigned to IM-2.
DePaola then received a disciplinary charge on November 3, 2015 for refusing to obey an order to comply with VDOC grooming standards. The charge was later dismissed. After a review on November 4, the ICA recommended DePaola’s assignment to IM-0 status, and on November 5, the External Review Team approved this status change. In January 2016, he received a disciplinary charge for possession of a weapon or sharpened instrument after officers discovered that a piece of metal had been removed from the table in his former cell, sharpened into a weapon, and wedged between the bunk and the wall of that cell. DePaola denied any knowledge of the item, but he was found guilty of the charge and fined twenty-two dollars.
In May 2016, officials assigned DePaola to IM-1, noting that he had not completed the step-down program requirements necessary to leave segregation. At his review in July 2016, the ICA found this housing assignment to be appropriate.
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As of July 2016, DePaola was attending group meetings and working to complete the third book of the Challenge Series.
Liberally construed, DePaola’s verified § 1983 Complaint asserts claims that application of OP 830.A as to him has unfairly prolonged his confinement under segregation conditions without federally required procedural protections, in violation of the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, and that those conditions themselves have violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. DePaola sues VDOC administrators for signing OP 830.A into effect and failing to correct the alleged constitutional violations. He also sues supervisory and treatment officials at Red Onion for the undesirable conditions and for improperly making or failing to correct the allegedly unfair classification decisions imposed on him under OP 830.A without sufficient due process. DePaola seeks monetary damages and injunctive relief to abolish OP 830.A and alleviate harsh conditions at Red Onion.
In DePaola’s Amended Complaint and other submissions, he alleges that OP 830.A discriminates against IM inmates, who suffer a much more restrictive environment than inmates in other forms of administrative segregation; that IM status permanently prevents an inmate from working his way out of segregated confinement at Red Onion by completing the Challenge Series, whereas SM status inmates who complete the same series can work their way to general population;
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that officials arbitrarily assigned him to IM status without allowing him to be present or offer argument, contradictory testimony, witnesses, or evidence; that review between the various IM and SM steps is not meaningful; that spiteful officers can falsely report poor behavior or fail to accurately record his participation in programming, thus preventing his progress to the next step; and that officers routinely approve their own recommendations during the step-down program reviews, in violation of VDOC policy. DePaola also complains that OP 830.A affects inmates’ opportunities for parole and earning good conduct time.
DePaola’s submissions also complain about the restrictive conditions IM inmates suffer, compared to SM inmates, when they progress from IM-2 to the Closed Pod. He calls the Closed Pod a “pseudo general population” pod, in which inmates have almost no out-of-cell activity without full restraints and are housed in a secure area guarded by officers with gun posts, shank proof vests, and dogs. (Compl. ¶¶ 34-38, ECF No. 1.) DePaola further complains that Closed Pod inmates have no access to a gym, a normal recreation yard, a law library or dining hall, a job outside the pod, or contact visits without being shackled to a chair. He contends that these conditions are not compliant with other VDOC policies regarding conditions for special housing units.
DePaola also complains that IM inmates are confined in small cells that are often dirty, “covered in . . . filth,” with the odor of feces and urine emitting from
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their air vents, and that officers often “tamper” with inmates’ food or give them empty meal trays. (Pl.’s Mem. Opp’n Summ. J. 11-13, ECF No. 74-1.) He alleges that his IM status and living conditions have caused him the following injures: “mental illness and / or frustration of pre-existing mental illnesses / anguish / deteriorations / night terrors”; “anxiety, headaches, loss of sleep, and (to [his] belief) akathisia”; physical deterioration and weight loss; and deteriorating eyesight “due to constant exposure to extremely bright fluorescent lights in cells.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 93, ECF No. 51-1.)
The defendants have filed a Motion for Summary Judgment, supported by copies of OP 830.A, its charts of IM and SM requirements, and its progress report forms. They also present the affidavit of Red Onion Assistant Warden J. Artrip, which describes these and other relevant procedures as well as DePaola’s progress through the step-down procedures.
II. A. Standard of Review. A court should grant summary judgment “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). “As to materiality . . . [o]nly disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary judgment.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby,
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Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). A dispute about a material fact is genuine “if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Id.
I must draw all reasonable inferences from the facts in favor of DePaola, the nonmoving party. Williams v. Staples, Inc., 372 F.3d 662, 667 (4th Cir. 2004). Detailed factual allegations in a verified, pro se complaint may be sufficient to withstand a motion for summary judgment with supporting affidavits containing a conflicting version of the facts. Williams v. Griffin, 952 F.2d 820, 823 (4th Cir. 1991) (“[A] verified complaint is the equivalent of an opposing affidavit for summary judgment purposes, when the allegations contained therein are based on personal knowledge.” (emphasis omitted) (citation omitted)). However, DePaola cannot defeat the defendants’ properly supported summary judgment motion with mere groundless generalizations or speculation. Glover v. Oppleman, 178 F. Supp. 2d 622, 631 (W.D. Va. 2001) (“Mere speculation by the non-movant cannot create a genuine issue of material fact.”).
B. Due Process. The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits a state from depriving “any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” U.S.
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Const. amend. XIV, § 1. “To state a procedural due process violation,5 a plaintiff
must (1) identify a protected liberty or property interest and (2) demonstrate
deprivation of that interest without due process of law.” Prieto v. Clarke, 780 F.3d
245, 248 (4th Cir. 2015). “A liberty interest may arise from the Constitution itself,
by reason of guarantees implicit in the word ‘liberty,’ or it may arise from an
expectation or interest created by state laws or policies.” Wilkinson v. Austin, 545
U.S. 209, 221 (2005) (citations omitted).
As a convicted prisoner, DePaola does not have an inherent, constitutionally
protected liberty interest in release from a more restrictive security classification.
Id. at 221-22. A state-created liberty interest may exist, however, if DePaola (a)
points to “a basis for an interest or expectation in state regulations” in avoiding the
conditions of his confinement under the segregation classification scheme at Red
Onion, Prieto, 780 F.3d at 250; and (b) shows that those conditions “impose[]
atypical and significant hardship . . . in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison
life.” Sandin v. Connor, 515 U.S. 472, 484 (1995). Only if DePaola makes both
5 DePaola may also be contending that OP 830.A violates his substantive due process rights. Such a claim fails, however. It is well established that “the Due Process Clause affords [the inmate] no greater protection than does the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause.” Whitley v. Albers, 475 U.S. 312, 327 (1986). Thus, DePaola’s claims that living conditions in segregation constitute punishment without a legitimate penological purpose and inflict physical harm on him “fall squarely within the ambit of the Eighth Amendment — not the due process clause.” See Prieto v. Clarke, 780 F.3d 245, 251 (4th Cir. 2015). Therefore, I will address DePaola’s complaints about the ill effects of living conditions at Red Onion separately, under the applicable legal standard for Eighth Amendment claims.
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showings does the Due Process Clause require a particular measure of procedural protection before he can be deprived of his liberty interest. Id.
DePaola expressly states that he is challenging, not his classification to Level S, but rather, his initial classification to IM status instead of SM status under OP 830.A and the subsequent classification adjustment decisions within that pathway. He apparently believes that these procedures stand in his way of being released sooner from segregation to general population conditions. The defendants agree that OP 830.A “creates an expectation that ‘S’ level offenders will receive reviews of their classification status, particularly by the ICA.” (Defs.’ Mem. Supp. Summ. J. 23, ECF No. 72.) Specifically, OP 830.A(IV)(K)(5) and Appendices F and G provide that the ICA will review inmates’ statuses every ninety days and decide whether to advance them to the next status level in the step-down procedures. I conclude that this periodic review policy creates a potential liberty interest for DePaola in being released from the restrictive conditions of his current security classification. See Incumaa v. Stirling, 791 F.3d 517, 527 (4th Cir. 2016) (finding that state prison’s policy requiring periodic classification reviews for segregation inmates created potential liberty interest).
I must next determine if DePaola’s continued confinement in the various segregation classifications within the OP 830.A categories imposes “atypical and significant hardship” compared to the “ordinary incidents of prison life.” Sandin,
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515 U.S. at 484. The “conditions dictated by a prisoner’s conviction and sentence are the conditions constituting the ‘ordinary incidents of prison life’ for that prisoner.” Prieto, 780 F.3d at 253. Neither party has provided me specific information about restrictive conditions, if any, dictated by the sentences that DePaola is serving, and I find no such sentence-related restrictions in the VDOC policies available to me. Accordingly, I will use the general population status as the normative baseline for his due process claim. See Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 527 (concluding “that the general population is the baseline for atypicality for inmates who are sentenced to confinement in the general prison population and have been transferred to security detention while serving their sentence”).
The atypical hardship requirement is difficult to satisfy. Mere limitations on privileges, property, and activities for administratively segregated inmates, and even disciplinary action “in response to . . . misconduct fall[ ] within the expected perimeters of the sentence imposed by a court of law.” Sandin, 515 U.S. at 485; Gaston v. Taylor, 946 F.2d 340, 343 (4th Cir. 1991) (holding that “changes in a prisoners’ [sic] location, variations of daily routine, changes in conditions of confinement (including administrative segregation), and the denial of privileges — matters which every prisoner can anticipate are contemplated by his original sentence to prison — are necessarily functions of prison management that must be left to the broad discretion of prison administrators to enable them to manage the
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prisons safely and efficiently”). It is well established that a temporary assignment to segregated confinement — thirty days or even six months, with reduced privileges, few out-of-cell activities or socialization opportunities, and heightened security measures — is not atypical or significant hardship. See Sandin, 515 U.S. at 485-86; Beverati v. Smith, 120 F.3d 500, 504 (4th Cir. 1997) (finding six months under conditions dictated by administrative segregation policies was not atypical under Sandin). Moreover, “[t]he State’s first obligation must be to ensure the safety of guards and prison personnel, the public, and the prisoners themselves.” Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 227. Thus, “correctional officials . . . must have substantial discretion to devise reasonable solutions to the problems they face” in maintaining prison security and safety. Florence v. Bd. of Chosen Freeholders, 132 S. Ct. 1510, 1515 (2012).
Most importantly, the Supreme Court has consistently employed a due process analysis that encourages prisons to implement written management policies while minimizing the involvement of the federal courts “in the day-to-day management of prisons.” Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 222 (citing Sandin, 515 U.S. at 482-83). “This approach . . . provides inmates and prison administrators with clear notice of a prisoner’s rights, but it also permits a given state to codify procedures establishing very restrictive confinement conditions.” Prieto, 780 F.3d at 255. District courts must respect the Supreme Court’s “judgment that this trade-off
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strikes the correct balance between the dictates of the Due Process Clause and the pressures on state correctional systems.” Id.
In Wilkinson, without a point-by-point comparison of segregation and general population conditions, the Supreme Court found that inmates had a protected liberty interest in avoiding assignment to a particular state “supermax” prison. In reaching this conclusion, the Court carefully distinguished the supermax conditions from normal segregation unit conditions on three grounds. First, inmates in the supermax facility were “deprived of almost any environmental or sensory stimuli and of almost all human contact.”6 Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 214. Second, they were assigned for “an indefinite period of time, limited only by [the] inmate’s sentence.” Id. Third, once assigned to supermax, “[i]nmates otherwise eligible for parole lose their eligibility while incarcerated” at the facility. Id. at 215. The Court stated: “While any of these conditions standing alone might not be sufficient to create a liberty interest, taken together they impose an atypical and significant hardship within the correctional context.” Id. at 224.
6 The conditions at the supermax at issue in Wilkinson included the following: “Almost all human contact is prohibited, even to the point that conversation is not permitted from cell to cell; the light, though it may be dimmed, is on for 24 hours; exercise is for 1 hour per day, but only in a small indoor room.” Id. at 223-24. The Court noted, however, that the lack of human contact was the most distinctive of these living conditions and that the conditions were atypical when combined with the additional factors of indefinite duration and disqualification for parole. Id. at 224.
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Similarly, in Incumaa, the Fourth Circuit found a protected liberty interest in avoiding assignment to South Carolina’s supermax based on the isolating and restrictive nature of the living conditions combined with the length and indefiniteness of the plaintiff’s twenty-year confinement there. 791 F.3d at 53132. In addition to conditions similar to those at issue in Wilkinson, the plaintiff in Incumaa was subjected to “a highly intrusive strip search every time he [left] his cell.” Id. at 531.
Prison policies gave rise to the indefinite terms of supermax confinement that concerned the courts in these cases. In Wilkinson, prison policies provided “no indication how long [an inmate] may be incarcerated [at the supermax] once assigned there.” 545 U.S. at 215. In addition, policy required infrequent review of the continued appropriateness of an inmate’s specific segregation status: once initially, thirty days after his arrival, and annually thereafter. Id. at 217. The policy at issue in Incumaa required review of the plaintiff’s status every thirty days by an institutional classification committee (“ICC”), but that review process provided no clear criteria for him to become suitable for release from the supermax. 791 F.3d at 522-23. Assigned to the supermax as a member of a security threat group, policy provided that the plaintiff could nevertheless qualify for reclassification and release from the supermax by achieving an “improvement in behavior level.” Id. Policy further defined “behavior level” as including a clear
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disciplinary record and the ICC’s evaluation of the plaintiff’s overall compliance with “policies and procedures” of the institution. Id. at 522. In twenty years, the plaintiff had never incurred a disciplinary infraction, but the ICC repeatedly recommended his retention at the supermax without providing any behavioral basis for doing so. Id. at 521-23.
Without question, VDOC inmates classified to Level S, particularly those assigned IM status, are confined under highly restrictive conditions at Red Onion, including single-cell assignment, limited out-of-cell activity and face-to-face contact with other inmates, and movement outside the cell only in full restraints and with dual escorts. Out-of-cell movement may also involve a visual strip search, although the parties do not present evidence on this issue. The mere existence of these conditions at Red Onion, however, does not render confinement there atypical or significantly harsh, because general population inmates can expect temporary terms in segregated confinement under similar restrictions. See Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486 (thirty days); Beverati, 120 F.3d at 504 (six months).
DePaola contends that the conditions imposed under OP 830.A are atypical and significant, particularly IM status, because it is allegedly permanent. However, DePaola’s own classification history belies this claim. He was initially classified at IM-0, but he has not remained there. By participating in the procedures of OP 830.A, DePaola moved to the less restrictive steps of IM-1 and
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IM-2 and then to Level 6 and the Closed Pod, where he stayed for over a year. In so doing, he earned additional privileges (such as additional library books, visits, and phone calls) and, eventually, more socialization activities. Even after disciplinary infractions resulted in his reduction to IM-0 in December 2014, within three months, he had advanced to IM-1, and within six months, he had advanced to IM-2. The policy and the evidence indicate that if DePaola continues to work on improving his behavior and change his thinking while working on the Challenge Series books, he can be evaluated for steps toward Level 6 and, eventually, to a general population setting.
After careful review of OP 830.A, I conclude that this step-down procedure addresses and alleviates the isolating conditions and indefiniteness identified in Wilkinson and Incumaa as distinguishing factors of “atypical and significant” hardships presented by a prison’s long-term segregation scheme. An IM-0 status inmate is subject to long-term, restrictive conditions, but that status need not be permanent or indefinite if the inmate chooses to participate in the step-down procedures. OP 830.A provides behavioral criteria for the inmate to qualify for incremental reductions of restrictions and increases in privileges. With concerted effort to change his thinking and behavior, he can earn his way to enjoyment of additional social interaction and activity while in segregated confinement. OP 830.A’s steps allow him to make measurable progress toward reclassification to
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lower security statuses and, ultimately, to transfer to general population conditions. As such, under OP 830.A, an inmate’s confinement in segregation at Red Onion is, for a likely majority of inmates, only as lengthy and restrictive as dictated by his own effort and behavior.
DePaola complains that any given official can purposely use OP 830.A to prolong an inmate’s confinement in IM conditions. He fears that an officer could purposely underreport his progress toward completing the goals of a step or arbitrarily send him back to redo an earlier step out of spite. I conclude that the team assessment approach and the multi-level classification review procedures built into OP 830.A and the other VDOC policies protect against such willful action denying any one inmate the ability to move through the steps when his improvements in behavior and attitude warrant his advancement away from segregation. Moreover, if DePaola believes that procedural errors or miscalculations occurred during a classification proceeding, he can appeal the decision through the Offender Grievance Procedure, OP 830.1(IV)(G), or file a request for an interim review of his classification based on procedural or calculation errors. (OP 830.1(IV)(E).)
DePaola also fails to state facts showing that confinement at Red Onion makes him ineligible to earn good conduct time or parole, which was the case for the plaintiff in Wilkinson while he was confined at the supermax. DePaola does
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not state facts indicating that he was ever eligible for parole on the sentences he is serving, and the record indicates that he has been able to earn good conduct time while in the step-down program. Moreover, I find no provision in OP 830.A itself that revokes an inmate’s eligibility for discretionary parole consideration or good conduct time. Thus, I do not find that DePaola’s IM status inevitably affects the length of his confinement so as to trigger a separate, constitutionally protected liberty interest in avoiding that classification. Sandin, 515 U.S. at 487.
For the reasons stated, I find no material fact in dispute on which DePaola can establish that his confinement at Red Onion under OP 830.A is atypical and significantly harsh compared to conditions contemplated by his sentence. Conditions there, while restrictive, can improve in defined stages based on DePaola’s own efforts toward cognitive and behavioral changes. Indeed, the OP 830.A procedures themselves prevent confinement at Red Onion from falling into the category of indefinite isolation identified in Wilkinson and Incumaa as triggering constitutional due process protections. Thus, I conclude that DePaola has no constitutionally protected liberty interest in avoiding any particular security classification or reclassification under OP 830.A. Therefore, he also has no actionable claim under § 1983 that any particular procedural protection is constitutionally required during the OP 830.A classification proceedings. Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486-87.
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DePaola also has no claim under § 1983 that any of the defendants have misconstrued or misapplied the OP 830.A procedures or other VDOC policies. DePaola raises complaints about the procedures used to reduce his classification to IM status and the reason given for that change; the procedures used and the evidence cited in moving him between steps on the IM pathway; and the defendants’ misreporting of his behavior or failure to properly document his progress. However, these are, at most, alleged violations of VDOC policies themselves. State officials’ failure to abide by state procedural regulations is not a federal due process issue, and is, therefore, not actionable under § 1983. Riccio v. Cty. of Fairfax, 907 F.2d 1459, 1469 (4th Cir. 1990) (“If state law grants more procedural rights than the Constitution would otherwise require, a state’s failure to abide by that law is not a federal due process issue.”).
For the stated reasons, the defendants are entitled to judgment as a matter of law as to DePaola’s claims that one or more of them violated his constitutional rights by changing his classification under OP 830.A without due process. I will grant the Motion for Summary Judgment on DePaola’s due process claims accordingly.
C. Equal Protection.
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The Equal Protection Clause7 generally requires the government to treat similarly situated people alike. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., Inc., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985). It “does not take from the States all power of classification, but keeps governmental decision makers from treating differently persons who are in all relevant respects alike.” Veney v. Wyche, 293 F.3d 726, 730 (4th Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Thus, to prove an equal protection claim, an inmate “must first demonstrate ‘that he has been treated differently from others with whom he is similarly situated and that the unequal treatment was the result of intentional or purposeful discrimination.’” Id. (quoting Morrison v. Garraghty, 239 F.3d 648, 654 (4th Cir. 2001)). He must next show that the policy is not “reasonably related to [any] legitimate penological interests.” Veney, 293 F.3d at 732 (quoting Shaw v. Murphy, 532 U.S. 223, 225 (2001)). This element requires the inmate to “allege facts sufficient to overcome the presumption of reasonableness applied to prison policies.” Id. DePaola does not state facts supporting these necessary elements of his equal protection claim.
First, DePaola has not demonstrated that he was similarly situated to inmates in SM status when officials classified him to IM-0 status. DePaola’s attack on the guard in 2009 resulted in injuries serious enough to support DePaola’s conviction
7 “No State shall . . . deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1.
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for malicious wounding. This incident warranted different treatment, for security reasons, than he had experienced in his previous general population assignment. After this incident, officials could also lawfully treat him differently from other segregation inmates with histories of less serious or less recent disciplinary convictions or crimes. Moreover, the malicious wounding of the officer supported a finding that DePaola had exhibited “the potential for extreme and/or deadly violence,” a qualification for IM status under OP 830.A.
Second, DePaola does not show that he has been treated differently than any other inmate during periodic reviews for step changes. Neither DePaola nor any other Level S inmate can change his step status under OP 830.A merely by avoiding disciplinary convictions and being polite. A step change requires his progress on the Challenge Series curriculum and the classification officers’ recognition that he is working to make positive changes in his thinking and behavior.
Third, while the OP 830.A step-down procedure purposefully treats SM and IM status inmates differently, these differences are rationally related to legitimate governmental purposes. Namely, this procedure reasonably uses the incentive of earning increased privileges and lower restrictions to encourage improved offender behavior and self-development “in a manner that maintains public, staff and offender safety.” OP 830.A(I). The logical connections between the policy’s
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provisions and the furtherance of its legitimate penological goals are self-evident. See Overton v. Bazzetta, 539 U.S. 126, 133 (2003) (“[I]nternal [prison] security [is] perhaps the most legitimate of penological goals.”).
For the stated reasons, I find no material dispute of fact on which DePaola could prove an equal protection violation here. Therefore, I conclude that the defendants are entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law and will grant their motion on this claim.
D. Eighth Amendment. DePaola’s final challenge to OP 830.A asserts that his status under OP 830.A offends the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment of the Eighth Amendment, which “protects inmates from inhumane treatment and conditions while imprisoned.” Williams v. Benjamin, 77 F.3d 756, 761 (4th Cir. 1996). “[T]he Constitution does not mandate comfortable prisons,” however, and conditions that are “restrictive and even harsh . . . are part of the penalty that criminal offenders pay for their offenses against society.” Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347, 349 (1981). It is well established that “only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain implicates the Eighth Amendment.” See Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 297 (1991) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). To sustain an unconstitutional conditions claim, a prisoner must show that: (1) objectively, the deprivation was sufficiently serious, in that the challenged
-29-

official acts caused denial of “the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities”; and (2) subjectively, the defendant prison officials acted with “deliberate indifference to inmate health or safety.” Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994) (internal quotation marks omitted). The prisoner must show “significant physical or emotional harm, or a grave risk of such harm,” resulting from the challenged conditions. Shakka v. Smith, 71 F.3d 162, 166 (4th Cir. 1995).
DePaola’s allegations do not show that he has suffered any Eighth Amendment violation while subject to the living conditions under OP 830.A at Red Onion. He does not allege that he was deprived of any necessity for life, such as food or shelter. Instead, DePaola conclusorily asserts that restrictive conditions and limited privileges and socialization opportunities, along with his IM status itself, have caused him various mental and physical discomforts, such as loss of sleep and weight, vision issues, headaches, anxiety, and mental problems. He fails to present facts, however, showing that any of these health concerns qualified as a serious or significant harm, or that he needed medical care for them. For the stated reasons, I find no material dispute of fact on which DePaola could prove his claim that he has been subjected to unconstitutional conditions. Accordingly, I will grant the defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment as to his Eighth Amendment claim.
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III. For the reasons stated, I conclude that DePaola’s constitutional challenges to OP 830.A are without merit, and the defendants are entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. It is accordingly ORDERED that the Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 71) is GRANTED.8 A separate judgment will be entered herewith.9
ENTER: September 27, 2016 /s/ James P. Jones United States District Judge
8 It is also ORDERED that all claims alleged against the Virginia Department of Corrections as a defendant are DISMISSED as legally frivolous, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1). It is well settled that neither the Commonwealth of Virginia nor any governmental entity acting as an arm of the state, such as the VDOC, is a “person” subject to suit under § 1983. See Will v. Mich. Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 70-71 (1989).
9 The defendants filed a Suggestion of Death as to defendant Elizabeth Thornton, Corrections Operations Administrator for the VDOC. Since substitution of a party under Rule 25 is discretionary, see Natale v. Country Ford Ltd., 287 F.R.D. 135, 137 (E.D.N.Y. 2012), and since a public official’s successor in office is automatically substituted as a party as to official capacity claims, Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d), I will not hold the case open to substitute a party for the decedent.
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 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DePAOLA, Plaintiff,
v. VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendants.

)

)

) Case No. 7:14CV00692

)

)

JUDGMENT

)

) By: James P. Jones

) United States District Judge

)

)

For the reasons set forth in the Opinion and Order accompanying this

Judgment, it is ADJUDGED AND ORDERED that final judgment is rendered in

favor of the defendants. The clerk shall close the case.

ENTER: September 27, 2016

/s/ James P. Jones United States District Judge

Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 77 Filed 09/28/16 Page 1 of 1 Pageid#: 697

 
 Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 1 of 422

ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
No. 16-7358

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

ERIC JOSEPH DEPAOLA, DENIS RIVERA; LUIS VELAZQUEZ,
-v.-

Plaintiff-Appellant, Plaintiffs,

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendants-Appellees, EXTERNAL REVIEW TEAM, ET AL.,

Defendants.

ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA

JOINT APPENDIX

Trevor S. Cox Matthew R. McGuire Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Div. 202 N. Ninth Street Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 786-7772
Counsel for Defendants-Appellees

Daniel Levin Andrew L. Black Maxwell J. Hyman Luca Winer Alexaida Collet
701 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 626-3600 Counsel for Plaintiff-Appellant

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 2 of 422

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendix Page
Docket Report (7:14-cv-00692).........................................................................J.A.-1
Complaint (Dec. 19, 2014) (Doc. 1) ..................................................................................J.A.-13
Verified Statement (Dec. 31, 2014) (Doc. 4) ..................................................................................J.A.-50
Motion to Appoint Counsel (Jan. 14, 2015) (Doc. 22) .................................................................................J.A.-54
Order Denying Motion to Appoint Counsel (Mar. 6, 2015) (Doc. 26)..................................................................................J.A.-57
Mr. DePaola’s Motion for Interrogatories Propounded to Virginia Dep’t of Corrections (Sept. 21, 2015) (Doc. 40) ...............................................................................J.A.-59
Appellees’ Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim (Oct. 13, 2015) (Doc. 41).................................................................................J.A.-63
Appellees’ Motion for Protective Order (Oct. 28, 2015) (Doc. 44).................................................................................J.A.-65
Order Granting Motion for Protective Order (Oct. 29, 2015) (Doc.45)..................................................................................J.A.-69
Mr. DePaola’s Motion to File Amended Complaint (Dec. 15, 2015) (Doc. 51) ................................................................................J.A.-70
Order Denying Motion to Dismiss (May 18, 2016) (Doc. 53) ................................................................................J.A.-71
Mr. DePaola’s Amended Complaint (May 18, 2016) (Doc. 54) ................................................................................J.A.-74
Exhibit A, O.P. 830.A (Feb. 18, 2013) (Doc. 54-1) ..............................J.A.-97
Exhibit B, O.P. 830.2 (Jan. 1, 2015) (Doc. 54-2) ................................J.A.-109
Exhibit C, O.P. 861.3 (Oct. 1, 2011) (Doc. 54-2)................................J.A.-119

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Mr. DePaola’s Motion to Compel Response to Propounded Interrogatories (June 22, 2016) (Doc. 61) ..............................................................................J.A.-134
Order Granting Mr. DePaola’s Motion to Compel Appellees’ Response to Interrogatories (June 30, 2016) (Doc. 63) ..............................................................................J.A.-137
Appellees’ Response to Mr. DePaola’s Motion to Compel (July 8, 2016) (Doc. 64).................................................................................J.A.-138
Attachments to Appellees’ Response to Mr. DePaola’s First Interrogatories (July 8, 2016) (Doc. 64-1)
Exhibit I, Letter from J. Parsons to Mr. DePaola ................................J.A.-140
Enclosure to Exhibit I, Defendants’ Responses to Plaintiff’s First Interrogatories ............................................................J.A.-141
Appellees’ Supplemental Response to Mr. DePaola’s Motion to Compel Interrogatories (July 11, 2016) (Doc. 65)...............................................................................J.A.-145
Appellees’ Answer to Amended Complaint (July 28, 2016) (Doc. 70)...............................................................................J.A.-147
Motion for Summary Judgment (July 28, 2016) (Doc. 71)...............................................................................J.A.-156
Attachments to Appellees’ Memorandum in Support of Motion for Summary Judgment (July 28, 2016) (Doc. 72-1)
Exhibit 1, Artrip Affidavit (July 28, 2016) (Doc. 72-1) .................................................................J.A.-158
Enclosure A, O.P. 830.A (Feb. 18, 2013) (Doc. 72-1).................................................................J.A.-166
Enclosure B, O.P. 830.1 (Jun. 1, 2011) (Doc. 72-1) ...................................................................J.A.-192
Enclosure C, O.P. 830.1 (Jun. 1, 2014) (Doc. 72-1) ...................................................................J.A.-201
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Enclosure D, Sentence Summary (Aug. 28, 2014) (Doc. 72-1) ................................................................J.A.-210
Enclosure E, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Aug. 9, 2013) (Doc. 72-1) ..................................................................J.A.-212
Enclosure F, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Feb. 27, 2014) (Doc. 72-1).................................................................J.A.-214
Enclosure G (Doc. 72-1),
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Sept. 25, 2014) .........................................................................J.A.-216
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Sept. 29, 2014) ........................................................................J.A.-217
Enclosure H (Doc. 72-1),
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Oct. 01, 2014)............................................................................ J.A.219
Disciplinary Offense Report (Sept. 5, 2014) ............................J.A.-221
Disciplinary Offense Report (Sept. 25, 2014) ..........................J.A.-223
Enclosure I, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Dec. 5, 2014) (Doc. 72-1) ..................................................................J.A.-225
Enclosure J, O.P. 861.3 (Dec. 5, 2014) (Doc. 72-1) ..................................................................J.A.-227
Enclosure K (Doc. 72-1),
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Mar. 4, 2015)............................................................................J.A.-241
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Mar. 4, 2015)............................................................................J.A.-242
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Jun. 6, 2015).............................................................................J.A.-242
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Jun. 6, 2015).............................................................................J.A.-245

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Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Sept. 3, 2015) ...........................................................................J.A.-247
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Sept. 3, 2015) ...........................................................................J.A.-248
Enclosure L, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Nov. 4, 2015) ...........................................................................J.A.-249
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Nov. 4, 2015) ...........................................................................J.A.-250
Enclosure M, Disciplinary Offense Report (Jan. 13, 2016) ...........................................................................J.A.-251
Disciplinary Offense Report (Jan. 15, 2016) ...........................................................................J.A.-253
Enclosure N (Doc. 72-1),
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Jan. 13, 2016) ...........................................................................J.A.-255
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Jan. 13, 2015) ...........................................................................J.A.-256
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Apr. 5, 2016) ............................................................................J.A.-257
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Apr. 5, 2016) ............................................................................J.A.-258
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing Notification Form (Jun. 29, 2016)...........................................................................J.A.-259
Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Jul. 1, 2016)..............................................................................J.A.-260
Roseboro Notice to Mr. DePaola (July 29, 2016) (Doc. 73)...............................................................................J.A.-261
Exhibits from Mr. DePaola’s Response in Opposition to Motion for Summary Judgment (Aug. 22, 2016) (Doc. 74)

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Mr. DePaola’s Declaration in Opposition of Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgement (Doc. 74-1)...........................................................................................J.A.-263
Exhibit D, O.P. 830.1 (June 1, 2014) (Doc. 74-2)...................................................................J.A.-291
Exhibit E, O.P. 841.7 (Apr. 1, 2015) (Doc. 74-2)...................................................................J.A.-300
Exhibit F, Clarke Affidavit (Mar. 25, 2015) (Doc. 74-2) ................................................................J.A.-305
Exhibit G, IM Status Level Goals (v3; June 2012) (Doc. 74-2) ................................................................J.A.-307
Exhibit H, Regular Grievance Form of Jason Jordan, Attachment 2 (Feb. 11, 2015) (Doc. 74-2).................................................................J.A.-309
Exhibit I, Regular Grievance Form of Eric DePaola, (Oct. 23, 2014) (Doc. 74-2) .................................................................J.A.-312
Exhibit J, Statement for the Record of Delegate Patrick A. Hope Presented to United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Rights (Jun. 19, 2012) (Doc. 74-2) .................................................................J.A.-313
Exhibit K, Statement for the Record of Abigail Turner, United States Senator Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Right and Human Rights (Jun. 19, 2012) (Doc. 74-2) .................................................................J.A.-317
Exhibit L, Tribeca Film Review: ‘Solitary’ (Apr. 16, 2016) (Doc. 74-2).................................................................J.A.-323
Exhibit M, Article: ‘Long-term solitary harms prisoners’ (Sept. 19, 2015) (Doc. 74-2)................................................................J.A.-325
Exhibit N, The Coalfield Progress: ‘State prison eases restrictions on death row’ (Oct. 20, 2016) (Doc. 74-2) .................................................................J.A.-326
Exhibit O, Article: ‘Justice’s call to end prison practice is gaining support’ (Doc. 74-2)...........................................................................................J.A.-327
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Exhibit P, The Washington Post: ‘Solitary confinement in Virginia’ (Jan. 15, 2012) (Doc. 74-2)..................................................................J.A.-328
Exhibit Q, The Washington Post: ‘Va. Prisons’ use of solitary confinement is scrutinized’ (Jan. 7, 2012) (Doc. 74-2)....................................................................J.A.-330
Exhibit R, The Washington Post: ‘Solitary confinement in Virginia’ (Jan. 15, 2012) (Doc. 74-2)..................................................................J.A.-334
Exhibit S, The Washington Post: ‘The torture of solitude’ (Jul. 2, 2012) (Doc. 74-2) ....................................................................J.A.-336
Exhibit T, The Washington Post: ‘Va. Plans to modify prisoner isolation’ (Mar. 31, 2012) (Doc. 74-2) ................................................................J.A.-337
Exhibit U, The Real Cost of Prisons Weblog: VA: Physical Abuse at Red Onion State Prison Increases (Dec. 1, 2007) (Doc. 74-2) ..................................................................J.A.-339
Exhibit V, Cruel and Inhumane Treatment at Virginia Supermaximum Prisons by Amnesty Int’l (Overview) (Doc. 74-2) .......................................................................J.A.-341
Exhibit W, Washington Post Archives: At Va.’s Toughest Prison, Tight Controls (Apr. 18, 1999) (Doc. 74-2).................................................................J.A.-347
Exhibit 1, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Mar. 6, 2012) (Doc. 74-3) ..................................................................J.A.-352
Exhibit 2, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (May 15, 2012) (Doc. 74-3).................................................................J.A.-353
Exhibit 3, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Jul. 30, 2012) (Doc. 74-3) ..................................................................J.A.-354
Exhibit 4, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Sept. 17, 2012) (Doc. 74-3)................................................................J.A.-355
Exhibit 5, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Dec. 13, 2012) (Doc. 74-3) ................................................................J.A.-356
Exhibit 6, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Mar. 5, 2013) (Doc. 74-3) ..................................................................J.A.-357
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Exhibit 7, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (May 31, 2013) (Doc. 74-3).................................................................J.A.-358
Exhibit 8, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Aug. 28, 2013) (Doc. 74-3) ................................................................J.A.-359
Exhibit 9, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Dec. 6, 2013) (Doc. 74-3) ..................................................................J.A.-360
Exhibit 10, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Jun. 2, 2014) (Doc. 74-3) ...................................................................J.A.-361
Exhibit 11, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Aug. 29, 2014) (Doc. 74-3) ................................................................J.A.-362
Exhibit 12, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Sept. 29, 2014) (Doc. 74-3)................................................................J.A.-363
Exhibit 13, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Oct. 8, 2014) (Doc. 74-3) ...................................................................J.A.-364
Exhibit 14, Offender Request (Nov. 12, 2014) (Doc. 74-3) ................................................................J.A.-365
Exhibit 15, Offender Request (Nov. 17, 2014) (Doc. 74-3) ................................................................J.A.-366
Exhibit 16, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Dec. 12, 2014) (Doc. 74-3) ................................................................J.A.-367
Exhibit 17, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Mar. 10, 2015) (Doc. 74-3) ................................................................J.A.-368
Exhibit 18, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (June 8, 2015) (Doc. 74-3)...................................................................J.A.-369
Exhibit 19, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Sept. 3, 2015) (Doc. 74-3)..................................................................J.A.-370
Exhibit 20, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Sept. 3, 2015) (Doc. 74-3)..................................................................J.A.-371
Exhibit 21, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Nov. 4, 2015) (Doc. 74-3) ..................................................................J.A.-372

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Exhibit 22, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Jan. 19, 2016) (Doc. 74-3)..................................................................J.A.-373
Exhibit 23, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (Apr. 8, 2016) (Doc. 74-3)...................................................................J.A.-374
Exhibit 24, Release Track: Substance Abuse CTC Track (May 15, 2016) (Doc. 74-3).................................................................J.A.-375
Exhibit 25, Institutional Classification Authority Hearing (July 1, 2016) (Doc. 74-3) ...................................................................J.A.-376
Envelope from Mr. DePaola to United States District Court (Doc. 74-4)...........................................................................................J.A.-377
Opinion & Order Granting Motion for Summary Judgment (Sept. 28, 2016) (Doc. 76) .............................................................................J.A.-378
Judgment in Favor of the Defendants (Sept. 28, 2016) (Doc. 77) .............................................................................J.A.-409
Notice of Appeal (Oct. 6, 2016) (Doc. 78).................................................................................J.A.-410

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APPEAL,PRIS,PROSE

U.S. District Court Western District of Virginia (Roanoke) CIVIL DOCKET FOR CASE #: 7:14­cv­00692­JPJ­RSB

DePaola v. Virginia Department of Corrections et al Assigned to: Judge James P. Jones Referred to: Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou Case in other court: USCA, 16­07358 Cause: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights

Date Filed: 12/19/2014 Date Terminated: 09/28/2016 Jury Demand: None Nature of Suit: 550 Prisoner: Civil Rights Jurisdiction: Federal Question

Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola

represented by Eric J. DePaola 1145137 Red Onion State Prison P.O. Box 1900 Pound, VA 24279 PRO SE

Plaintiff
Denis Rivera TERMINATED: 04/08/2015

Plaintiff
Luis Velazquez TERMINATED: 04/08/2015

V. Defendant Virginia Department of Corrections

represented by John Michael Parsons Office of the Attorney General of Virginia 900 East Main Street Richmond, VA 23219 804­786­0046 Fax: 804­786­4239 Email: jparsons@oag.state.va.us LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

J.A.- 1

Richard Carson Vorhis Office of the Attorney General 900 East Main Street Richmond, VA 23219 804­786­4805 Fax: 804­786­4239 Email: rvorhis@oag.state.va.us LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

https://ecf.vawd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/DktRpt.pl?939698703902861-L_1_0-1

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A5p/2p5/e20a17l: 16-7358 Defendant Har old Clarke

Doc: 26

Filed: 06/2C3M/2/E0C1F7- U.S. DPisgtr:ict1C1ouort:fva4w2d2
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant David Robinson

Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant G.K. Washington

Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Randall Mathena

Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Gr egory Holloway

Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

J.A.- 2

Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address)

https://ecf.vawd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/DktRpt.pl?939698703902861-L_1_0-1

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LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant
External Review Team TERMINATED: 05/18/2016

Defendant
Dual Treatment Team TERMINATED: 05/18/2016

Defendant
Unit Manager Team TERMINATED: 05/18/2016

Defendant Scott Richeson

represented by John Michael Parsons Office of the Attorney General of Virginia 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, VA 23219 804­786­0046 Fax: 804­786­4239 Email: jparsons@oag.state.va.us LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Malcolm Taylor

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Keith Dawkins

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Dr. Brane

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Jim Parks

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Henry Ponton

J.reApr.e-se3nted by John Michael Parsons

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(See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Earl Barksdale

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant George Hinkle

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant J. Walrath

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant I. Hamilton

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant T. Puryear

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant J. Artrip

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant A. Gallihar

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant

G. Baker

represented by John Michael Parsons

(See above for address)

LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant

J.A.- 4

https://ecf.vawd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/DktRpt.pl?939698703902861-L_1_0-1

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A5p/2Dp5/e2e0fa1e7ln: d1a6n-t7358 Doc: 26 Michael Younce

Filed: 06/2C3M/2/E0C1F7- U.S. DPisgtr:ict1C4ouort:fva4w2d2
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Walter Swiney

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Tori Raiford

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Dwayne Turner

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Stacy Day

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Christopher Gilbert

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Joe Fannin

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant Tony Adams

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant G.A. Adams

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY
J.A.- 5 ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

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A5p/2p5/e20a17l: 16-7358 Defendant K.A. Sykes

Doc: 26

Defendant R. Kegley

Defendant B.E. Stallard

Defendant Jackson

Defendant Elisabeth Thornton

Filed: 06/2C3M/2/E0C1F7- U.S. DPisgtr:ict1C5ouort:fva4w2d2
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Date Filed # Docket Text

12/19/2014

1 COMPLAINT pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983 against All Defendants, filed by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez. (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Envelope)(tvt)

12/19/2014

2 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983; Advising inmate as to 3 strikes rule of PLRA; Assessing a filing fee; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 12/19/2014. (tvt)

12/31/2014 3 Statement of Assets by Eric J. DePaola (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(tvt)

12/31/2014 4 Verified Statement with attachments by Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola (tvt)

12/31/2014 5 Verified Statement by Plaintiff Denis Rivera (tvt)

12/31/2014 6 Statement of Assets by Denis Rivera (tvt)

12/31/2014 7 Statement of Assets by Luis Velazquez (tvt)

12/31/2014 8 Verified Statement with attachments by Plaintiff Luis Velazquez (tvt)

12/31/2014

9 Objections by Plaintiffs Eric JJ. .DAeP.a-ol6a, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez re 2 Order Prisoner

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Conditionally Filed (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter)(tvt)

12/31/2014

10 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 2 Order Prisoner Condfil, by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (tvt)

12/31/2014

11 ORDER granting 10 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 12/31/2014. (tvt)

01/05/2015

12 Inmate Account Report by Eric J. DePaola (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Envelope) (tvt)

01/05/2015

13 Inmate Account Report by Denis Rivera (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Envelope) (tvt)

01/05/2015

14 Inmate Account Report by Luis Velazquez (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Envelope) (tvt)

01/05/2015

15 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action regarding Eric J. DePaola pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 1/5/2015. (tvt)

01/05/2015

16 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action regarding DENIS RIVERA pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 1/5/2015. (tvt)

01/05/2015

17 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action regarding LUIS VELAZQUEZ pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983 ; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 1/5/2015. (tvt)

01/14/2015 18 Consent to Fee by Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola (tvt)

01/14/2015 19 Consent to Fee by Plaintiff Denis Rivera (tvt)

01/14/2015 20 Consent to Fee by Plaintiff Luis Velazquez (tvt)

01/14/2015

21 MOTION to Certify Class by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(tvt)

01/14/2015

22 MOTION to Appoint Counsel by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (tvt)

02/23/2015 23 Additional Evidence ­ Grievances by Denis Rivera (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(tvt)

02/23/2015 24 Request for Copies by Eric J. DePaola (Clerk sending docket sheet as requested)(tvt)

02/27/2015

25 Letter by Eric J. DePaola requesting a copy of document No. 88 Dismissal Order filed in case 7:11­cv­191. Received payment of $1.50 from defendant, and Copy forwarded to defendant on 3/3/15. (eot) (Entered: 03/03/2015)

03/06/2015

26 ORDER denying 21 Motion to Certify Class; denying 22 Motion to Appoint Counsel. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 3/6/2015. (tvt)

03/09/2015 27 Request for Copies by Denis Rivera (Clerk sending docket sheet as requested)(tvt)

04/08/2015 04/20/2015

28 ORDER severing this action into three separate civil actions; one for each of the plaintiffs. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 4/8/2015. (slt)
29 Objections by Plaintiff Eric J.JD.eAPa.o-la7re 28 Order (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2

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Envelope)(slt)

04/20/2015 30 Letter request for docket sheet by Eric J. DePaola. clerk mailed docket sheet this date. (slt)

05/05/2015

31 Order to Respond: Any of the plaintiffs who does not wish to pursue his case, raising his individual claims challenging the constitutionality of the segregation classification policy, SHALL submit to the court, within ten days from entry of this order, a Motion for Voluntary Dismissal of his case without prejudice. Responses due by 5/20/2015. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 5/5/2015. (slt)

07/07/2015

32 Order entered Directing the Clerk to attempt service of process upon the named defendants. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 7/7/2015. (tvt)

07/07/2015

33 REQUEST FOR WAIVER of Service sent to Virginia Department of Corrections, et al on 7/7/2015. Waiver of Service due by 8/6/2015.(tvt)

08/04/2015

34 NOTICE of Appearance by John Michael Parsons on behalf of Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington (Parsons, John)

08/04/2015

35 WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed by David Robinson, G.K. Washington, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, Virginia Department of Corrections, Harold Clarke. David Robinson waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; G.K. Washington waiver
sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; Gregory Holloway waiver sent on 7/7/2015,
answer due 9/8/2015; Randall Mathena waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015;
Virginia Department of Corrections waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; Harold Clarke waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015. (Attachments: # 1 List of Defendants)(Parsons, John)

08/12/2015

36 MOTION to Compel Service of Process by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)

09/09/2015

37 NOTICE of Appearance by Richard Carson Vorhis on behalf of Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington (Vorhis, Richard)

09/09/2015

38 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Vorhis, Richard)

09/11/2015

39 ORDER denying 36 Motion to Compel; granting 38 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 9/11/2015. (tvt)

09/21/2015

40 INTERROGATORIES Propounded to Virginia Department of Corrections, et al by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)

10/13/2015

41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington. (Vorhis, Richard)

10/13/2015

42 Brief / Memorandum in Support re 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM . filed by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington. (Vorhis, Richard)

10/14/2015

43 Roseboro Notice and Notice to Parties of Right to Consent to Jurisdiction of United States Magistrate Judge re 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM Deadline set for 11/9/2015. (slt)

10/28/2015

44

MOTION for Protective Order by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena,
David Robinson, Virginia DeJpa.rAtm.e-nt8of Corrections, G.K. Washington.Motions referred

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to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Parsons, John)

10/29/2015

45 ORDER granting 44 Motion for Protective Order. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 10/29/2015. (tvt)

11/13/2015

46 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)

11/13/2015

47 Prisoner Miscellaneous Motion for extension of time to serve summons/process on stated defendants by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (slt)

11/13/2015 48 Objections by Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola re 45 Order on Motion for Protective Order (slt)

11/18/2015

49 ORDER granting 46 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply( Responses due by 12/18/2015); dismissing as moot 47 Motion to serve summonses on additional defendants; plaintiff's objections 48 to the protective order are OVERRULED. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 11/18/2015. (tvt)

12/15/2015

50 Brief / Memorandum in Opposition re 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM . filed by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)

12/15/2015

51 MOTION to Amend/Correct 1 Complaint by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 AMENDED COMPLAINT)(slt)

01/11/2016

52 Motion to Supplement Memo in Opposition to Defendants Motion to Dismiss by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Supplemental Memo in Opposition to Defendants Motion to Dismiss, # 2 Exhibit B ­ C)(tvt)

05/18/2016

53 ORDER denying 41 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim; granting 51 Motion to Amend/Correct; denying 52 Prisoner Miscellaneous Motion; the defendants are DIRECTED to file any motion for summary judgment within 60 days from entry of this
order. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 5/18/2016. (tvt)

05/18/2016

54 AMENDED COMPLAINT against All Defendants, filed by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B and C)(tvt)

05/18/2016

55 REQUEST FOR WAIVER of Service sent to Virginia Department of Corrections, et al on 5/18/2016. Waiver of Service due by 6/17/2016.(tvt)

06/14/2016

56 NOTICE of Appearance by John Michael Parsons on behalf of G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A.
Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, R. Kegley, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A.
Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, Michael Younce (Parsons, John)

06/14/2016

57 WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed by R. Kegley, Michael Younce, Christopher Gilbert, Earl Barksdale, Henry Ponton, A. Gallihar, Tori Raiford, J. Walrath, Joe Fannin, Stacy Day, T. Puryear, Dwayne Turner, Brane, Jim Parks, Malcolm Taylor, G. Baker, Walter Swiney, George Hinkle, Scott Richeson, K.A. Sykes, J. Artrip, I. Hamilton, B.E. Stallard, Keith Dawkins, Elisabeth Thornton, G.A. Adams, Tony Adams. R. Kegley waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Michael Younce waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Christopher Gilbert waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Earl Barksdale waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Henry Ponton waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; A. Gallihar waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Tori Raiford waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; J. Walrath waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Joe Fannin waiver
sent on 5/18/2016, answer duJe 7.A/18./-20916; Stacy Day waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer

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due 7/18/2016; T. Puryear waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Dwayne Turner waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Brane waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Jim Parks waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Malcolm Taylor waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; G. Baker waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Walter Swiney waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; George Hinkle waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Scott Richeson waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; K.A. Sykes waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; J. Artrip waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; I. Hamilton waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; B.E. Stallard waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Keith Dawkins waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Elisabeth Thornton waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; G.A. Adams waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Tony Adams waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016. (Attachments: # 1 List of Defendants)(Parsons, John)

06/16/2016

58 Letter from the Office of the Attorney General of Virginia regarding the last known address of defendant Jackson (tvt) (Additional attachment(s) added on 6/16/2016: # 1 Last known address for defendant Jackson) (tvt).

06/16/2016

59 REQUEST FOR WAIVER of Service sent to defendant Jackson on 6/16/2016. Waiver of Service due by 7/18/2016.(tvt)

06/16/2016

60 Sealed Document­ Green Certified Mail Card­ sent to Dustin Jackson as address under seal as to Request for Waiver of Service of Summons (tvt)

06/22/2016

61 MOTION to Compel re 40 Interrogatories by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)

06/23/2016

62 Sealed Document­Green Certified Return Mail card RETURNED / SIGNED by D. Jackson on 6/21/2016 regarding Request of Waiver of Service. (slt)

06/30/2016

63 ORDER granting 61 Motion to Compel to the extent that defendants are DIRECTED to respond to the motion and the interrogatories within ten days from the entry of this order. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 6/29/2016. (tvt)

07/08/2016

64 RESPONSE to Motion re 61 MOTION to Compel . filed by Harold Clarke, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, G.K. Washington. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit I ­ Defendants' Response to Plaintiff's First Interrogatories)(Parsons, John)

07/11/2016

65 RESPONSE to Motion re 61 MOTION to Compel (Supplemental). filed by Harold Clarke, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, G.K. Washington. (Parsons, John)

07/14/2016 66 NOTICE of Appearance by John Michael Parsons on behalf of Jackson (Parsons, John)

07/14/2016

67 WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed by Jackson. Jackson waiver sent on 6/16/2016, answer due 8/15/2016.(Parsons, John)

07/18/2016

68 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford,
Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm
Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, Virginia Department of Corrections, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Parsons, John)

07/19/2016

69 ORDER granting 68 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply Responses due
by 7/28/2016. Signed by MaJgi.sAtra.te-J1ud0ge Robert S. Ballou on 7/19/2016. (tvt)

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07/28/2016

70 ANSWER to 54 Amended Complaint by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson,
David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce.(Parsons, John)

07/28/2016

71 MOTION for Summary Judgment by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson,
David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce. (Parsons, John)

07/28/2016

72 Brief / Memorandum in Support re 71 MOTION for Summary Judgment . filed by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith
Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry
Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 ­ Affidavit of J. Artrip) (Parsons, John)

07/29/2016

73 Roseboro Notice and Notice to Parties of Right to Consent to Jurisdiction of United States Magistrate Judge re 71 MOTION for Summary Judgment as to Eric J. DePaola Deadline set for 8/22/2016. (tvt)

08/22/2016

74 RESPONSE in Opposition re 71 MOTION for Summary Judgment . filed by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration in Opposition of Defendants Motion for Summary Judgment, # 2 Exhibits D ­ W, # 3 Exhibits 1 ­ 25, # 4 Envelope)(tvt)

08/26/2016

75 SUGGESTION OF DEATH Upon the Record as to Elizabeth Thornton by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle,
Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, Virginia Department of Corrections, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce (Parsons, John)

09/28/2016

76 OPINION & ORDER granting 71 Motion for Summary Judgment; It is also ORDERED that all claims against the Virginia Department of Corrections as a defendant are DISMISSED as legally frivolous. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 9/27/2016. (tvt)

09/28/2016

77 JUDGMENT in favor of the defendants. The clerk shall close the case. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 9/27/2016. (tvt)

10/06/2016

78 NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 77 Judgment, 76 Order on Motion for Summary Judgment by Eric J. DePaola. (tvt)

10/06/2016

79 Transmittal of Notice of Appeal to 4CCA re 78 Notice of Appeal NOTE: The Docketing Statement and Transcript Order Form are available on the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals website at www.ca4.uscourts.gov. If CJA24 form(s) are applicable, you must submit a separate Auth­24 for each court reporter from whom you wish to order a transcript through the District Court's eVoucher system. (tvt)

10/06/2016

Assembled Electronic Record Transmitted to 4CCA re 78 Notice of Appeal (tvt)

10/06/2016 80 NOTICE of Docketing RecoJrd.Aon.A-p1pe1al from USCA re 78 Notice of Appeal filed by

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Eric J. DePaola. USCA Case Number 16­7358 case manager Anisha Walker(tvt)

10/25/2016

81 ORDER of USCA grant to proceed without full prepayment of fees as to 78 Notice of Appeal filed by Eric J. DePaola (tvt)

03/30/2017 82 USCA Notice of Order assigning counsel (slt)

PACER Service Center
Transaction Receipt

05/25/2017 21:02:15

PACE R Login:

wc0022:2660236:3941772

Client Code:

Descr iption: Docket Report

Sear ch Cr iter ia:

Billable P a ges:

10

Cost:

1290091-0197
7:14-cv-00692JPJ-RSB
1.00

J.A.- 12
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J.A.- 15
Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 3 of 22 Pageid#: 3

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 25 of 422

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J.A.- 16
Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 4 of 22 Pageid#: 4

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 26 of 422

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J.A.- 17 Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 TFil,ed 12/19/14 Page 5 of 22 Pageid#: 5

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 27 of 422

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J.A.- 18
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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 28 of 422

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J.A.- 19
Document 1 Filed 12/19/14

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Pageid#: 7

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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 29 of 422

A .f/l Xza.y x ap..'a..> evw zrx.c w zz = - ww r-

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J.A.- 20
& . Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 8 of 22 Pageid#: 8

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 30 of 422

D J'.xosz == A-c.&z<-

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J.A.- 21
X . Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 9 of 22 Pageid#: 9

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 31 of 422

>,v/,// Ao.A kw.p a /?>.z/ zeX.e 1.2 ..k%r ,.- /N4.Zxw7q=Jr ez'
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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

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Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Documen,'t<1n-Filed 12/19/14 Page 12 of 22 Pageid#: 12

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J.A.- 25 Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB DocumWent.1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 13 of 22 Pageid#: 13

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J.A.- 26
Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 14 of 22 Pageid#: 14

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 36 of 422

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?t. Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 15 of 22 Pageid#: 15

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

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Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 Filed 12/19/14 Page 16 of 22 Pageid#: 16

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J.A.- 30 Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 1 ZFoile.d 12/19/14 Page 18 of 22 Pageid#: 18

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 40 of 422

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dismptivebebaviors.

. Re-entryUnlq SecurltyLevelS-SecurityLevelS incentivebasd specialhousing unitsthathouse olenderswlth24monthsor1= rem ainingontheirsentence;R-tntly unitsprovidepro- du ipwd

toprepareofenderstoreenterscciety.Som eso icesprovidedduringre-entryareeducation,substance

abusetreatmenqjobtraining,andriskassessment LevelSofrenderswith24monthsorlesstore-enA

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willbeimmtdiately directed into are-enA pmgram thatincorporatu acceleratedstagesofsecudl

wi+ thegoalofprovidingaperiodofsocialia uonpn'ortoreleasttoiecommunity.

SeturltyLevd K(SLO -TheoFender'ssrststm downfromLevelSintogtnsplpopulation;thtrewillbe

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p eateropportunitiesto socialhe with otherofenders. Security Level6 offenderswillbe mxnaged in

accordancewithOperatinjpmcedure241.% S% cturedLivingUnitProgmm wi+ increasedprivilegesover

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possibly fadng along term inhigh security,whohavesuccessh lly compl4ted necesso pro lng
requiredtostep down from Security LevelS intoLevel6;.

. SeturelntegratedPod(S1P)(SL6)-Housingreservedforolend= whoexyressresist=cetooutof cellacevitie orageneralpopulationenvimnmentan&ordisjlayapattem ofmtentionallycommitting
minordiscipline vjolatiom to enmzre they a retained in sep egation;pm ing willfocuson s% tegiœ to reintegrateolendersinto ageneralpopulationsetting inpreparation foradvancementto a

lowersecuritylevel.

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vicfmization by otheroffendea % arAmlltoftheircognitiv: impairmtnt;pro mg willfocuson

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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 52 of 422

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IN TH E UNITED STATESDISTRICT COURT

.....h8ï .. ,ifh'.t').t3*'j'. z1U#R''>l'
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FO R TH E W ESTERN D ISTR ICT O F V IR G IN IA RO A N O K E D IVISIO N

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Plaintiff,

CivilA ction N o.7:14-cv-00692

V.

VER IFIED STA TEM EN T

VIR G IN IA D EPA R TM EN T O F C O RR EC TIO N S,etal.,
Defendantts).

1havebeen advisedoftherequirementsregardingexhaustion ofadministrativerem edies asoutlinedin42U.S.C.1997eandnow subm itthisverifiedstatem ent.

(YouM UST Chooseonlyone)
X Priortotilingmycivilrightsaction,lexhaustedmyadministrativeremediesasto
each oftheclaim sraised in m y com plaintby appealing m y claim sto thehighest
availableleveloftheadministrativerem ediesprocedures.Copiesoftherecordof
theproceedingsare attached to thisstatem ent.

Priortofilingmycivilrightsaction,lattemptedtoexhaustmy administrative
remediesbutmygrievancewasrejectedasuntimely.1haveappealedthat
determ ination to the highestlevelavailablebefore filing thisaction.Ihave
attacheddocumentationver/ zapmyattemptstoa haustadministrative
rem edies.

Thereareno adm inistrativerem ediesavailableto m eatthistim e,either becausetheissueIraiseisnongrievable,orbecausethere isno grievance procedureatthecorrectionalfacilityatwhichIam confined.1haveattached docum entation verifying m y attem ptsto exhaustadm inistrativerem edies.

Thiscause ofaction aroseat

--

-

, and l am now being

housed atanotherfacility,

.Thtrefore,ldonotbelieve1

haveadm inistrativerem ediesavailableatthistim e.

Iaftirm thatIam theplaintiffin thisaction and Iknow thecontentofthe above statement',thatitistnleofmy ownknowledge,exceptastothosemattersthatarestatedinitto bebased on m y ow n infonnation and belief;and tothosem atters,Ialso believethem to be % e.
1declareunderpenaltyofperjurythattheforegoingistnzeandcorrect.

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OffenderNam e Depaola,Eric

DOC# 1145137

Housing

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LEVELII:REGIONALADM INISTRATOR RESPO NSE:

(Tobecompletedandmailedwithin20calendardays)

Location current RedOnionState Prison
Filed Red OnionState Prison

Grievance Num ber
RO SP-IZ-REG 01633

Yourgrievance appealhas been reviewed along w ith the LevelIresponse and youroriginalcom plaint concerning placem entin IM 1 statusfrom SM 1 statuson 11-07-2012.The LEVEL Iresponse from Red Onion State Prison isappropriate.No policyviolations are noted.O perating Procedure 861.3 SpecialHousing pedaining to appropriate offenderhousing status governsthis issue.
Based onthe inform ation provided,Iam upholdingthe unfounded decision ofthe LevelIrespondent.
Level1:isthe lastIevelofappealforthisgrievanoe.

RegionalAdministrator

Date/

I

O ffender Grievance Response -Level11

Rev.05/31/2007

Page 1of1 Reportrun on 01/14/2013at1:41PM
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k ,,., 'Jvt4 VIRGINIA DEPARTM ENT OF CORRECTIONS
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)''+r>t,4..t%.l1!-i-:kf)ïq?-:..'.!q>N.=ë',. OffenderGrievance Response -LevelI

866.1A-6
DOC Location:ROSPRedOnionStatePrison
RReeppoorrttgruenneornat1e2d/2b0y/2M0e1s2saetr,1J:1B6PM

OffenderNam e Depaola,Eric

DO C# 1145137

Houiing C-5-521-B
LEVEL1: W ARDEN/SUPERINTENDENT'S RESPDNM...-

Location Current RedOnionState Prison
Filed RedOnionState Prison

Grievance Number
RO SP-IZ-REG01633

(Tobecompletedandmailedwithin30calendardays)

Grievance Sum mary:Youstatedon November7,2012,Lt.Gilbed informedyouthatyou had been
rem oved from SM 1statusand changed to IM 1status.Yousaid there was noexplanationorhearing.
YousaidyouhadjustbeenapprovedforSM1status;therefore,therewas/isnojustificationforyou
being m oved up to IM status.

lnformalSum m ary:Yourinformalcomplaintrespondedto by UM Younce onNovem ber24, 2012. UM Younce respondedyouwere reviewed and placedon IM status bythe outside review comm ittee.
lnvestigation:Anoutside review comm ittee determined youare an IM offender.Lt.G ilbertexplained to youthatyourstatushad changed afteryouwere reviewed.

Policy/procédure:SpecialHousing proceduresgovernsthisissue,

Inaccordance withthe above inform ation,thisgrievance is considered to be UNFOUNDED as procedures have been correctly applied.

jm
Ifyou are dissatisfiedwiththeLevelIresponse,youmayapm alwithin5calendardaysto: RegionalAdmin.5427 PetersCreektRoad-suite350,Roanoke,VA 24019-3891

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Iwishtoappealthe Level1response because:

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DEPAOLA, DENIS RIVERA, )

LUIS VELAZQUEZ,

)

)

Plaintiffs,

) Case No. 7:14CV00692

)

v.

)

ORDER

)

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF

) By: James P. Jones

CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,

) United States District Judge

)

Defendants.

)

The plaintiffs, three Virginia inmates proceeding pro se, filed this action as a

civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, challenging the current system

of classifying segregation inmates at Red Onion State Prison. The plaintiffs have

filed motions seeking appointment of counsel and certification of this case as a

class action. I find that these motions must be denied.

It is inappropriate to certify a class in this action, where a pro se litigant

seeks to represent the interests of the class. Oxendine v. Williams, 509 F.2d 1405,

1407 (4th Cir. 1975) (“[I]t is plain error to permit this imprisoned litigant who is

unassisted by counsel to represent his fellow inmates in a class action.”). I also do

not find exceptional circumstances justifying appointment of counsel at this time.

See gen. Cook v. Bounds, 518 F.2d 779 (4th Cir. 1975) (finding appointment of

J.A.- 57
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counsel to an indigent civil plaintiff only appropriate upon showing of exceptional circumstances).
For the stated reasons, it is hereby ORDERED that the motions for certification as a class action and appointment of counsel (ECF Nos. 22 & 22) are DENIED.
ENTER: March 6, 2015 /s/ James P. Jones United States District Judge

‐2‐
J.A.- 58
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Roanoke Division

ERIC J. DEPAOLA, #1145137,

Plaintiff,

v.

Case No. 7:14cv00692

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, et al.,

Defendants.

MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM
COME NOW the Defendants Harold Clarke, David Robinson, Gregory Holloway,
Randall Mathena, G. K. Washington and the Virginia Department of Corrections, by counsel,
pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and move this Honorable
Court to dismiss this matter for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted for the
reasons set forth in the Memorandum accompanying this Motion.
Respectfully Submitted,
HAROLD CLARKE, DAVID ROBINSON, G. K. WASHINGTON, RANDALL MATHENA, GREGORY HOLLOWAY, and VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
By: s/ Richard C. Vorhis Richard C. Vorhis, VSB #23170 Senior Assistant Attorney General & Chief Criminal Justice & Public Safety Division Office of the Attorney General 900 East Main Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-4805 Fax: (804) 786-4239 E-mail: rvorhis@oag.state.va.us

J.A.- 63
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on the 13th day of October, 2015, I electronically filed the foregoing
Motion To Dismiss For Failure To State a Claim with the Clerk of Court using the CM/ECF system,
which will send a notification of such filing (NEF) to the following: N/A
And I hereby certify that I will mail the document by U.S. mail to the following non-filing
user: Eric J. DePaola, #1145137, Red Onion State Prison, Post Office Box 1900, Pound, Virginia
24279.
s/ Richard C. Vorhis Richard C. Vorhis, VSB #23170 Senior Assistant Attorney General & Chief Criminal Justice & Public Safety Division Office of the Attorney General 900 East Main Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-4805 Fax: (804) 786-4239 (Fax) E-mail: rvorhis@oag.state.va.us

J.A.- 64
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Roanoke Division

ERIC J. DEPAOLA,

)

)

Plaintiff,

)

)

v.

)

Civil Action No. 7:14cv00692

)

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT

)

OF CORRECTIONS, et al.,

)

)

Defendants.

)

MOTION FOR PROTECTIVE ORDER Defendants Virginia Department of Corrections, Harold Clarke, David Robinson, G. K. Washington, Randall Mathena, and Gregory Holloway, by counsel, move this Court for entry of a Protective Order for the following reasons: 1. Plaintiff, Eric J. DePaola, #1059719, an inmate with the Virginia Department of Corrections (“VDOC”), has filed this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 alleging violations of his constitutional rights to due process, equal protection, and to be free from cruel and unusual punishment. He challenges the VDOC Operating Procedure 830.A, entitled “Segregation Reduction Step Down Program” and claims that he was never provided any due process in his classification as an Intensive Management (“IM”) prisoner; that he will never receive any of the privileges afforded to the Special Management (“SM”) prisoners; and that the conditions in which he is living are too harsh. He alleges that he has suffered “mental illness/ anguish/deterioration/night terrors”, loss of good time credits, unavailability of “pro-social interactions w/ other human beings,” anxiety, headaches and “physical deterioration.” Compl. ¶

J.A.- 65
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82. He asks for declaratory relief, permanent injunctive relief, and nominal, compensatory and punitive damages.
2. On September 21, 2015, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Interrogatories in which he propounds interrogatories to Clarke, Robinson, Washington, and Mathena asking for the identities of the current members of the Dual Treatment Team, External Review Team, and the Unit Management Team as well as the identities of such members while Plaintiff was on IM and SM status. ECF No. 40.
3. On October 13, 2015, Defendants filed a Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim and a Memorandum in Support thereof which assert that Plaintiff’s Complaint does not allege facts sufficient to state a claim upon which relief can be granted under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. ECF Nos. 41-42. Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss concerns only the allegations as they are written in the Complaint. Accordingly, the Motion to Dismiss may be decided on the pleadings currently before the Court.
4. The current procedural posture of this case does not present a situation where limited discovery is necessary before this Court can resolve the pending Motion to Dismiss. Defendants respectfully submit, therefore, that Plaintiff’s request for discovery is premature and until Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss has been adjudicated, it would be burdensome to engage in discovery.
5. To the extent that discovery may be permitted in the future, Defendants reserve the right to file specific objections to the form and content of Plaintiff’s interrogatories.
Defendants Virginia Department of Corrections, Harold Clarke, David Robinson, G. K. Washington, Randall Mathena, and Gregory Holloway, therefore, respectfully request this

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Honorable Court to enter a Protective Order staying all discovery in this case until the Motion to
Dismiss has been ruled upon.
Respectfully submitted,
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, HAROLD CLARKE, DAVID ROBINSON, G. K. WASHINGTON, RANDALL MATHENA, and GREGORY HOLLOWAY
By: s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 900 East Main Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on the 28th day of October, 2015, I electronically filed the foregoing Motion for Protective Order with the Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system, which will send a notification of such filing (NEF) to the following CM/ECF participants: N/A, and I hereby certify that I have mailed by United States Postal Service the documents to the following nonCM/ECF participants: pro se Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola, #1145137, Red Onion State Prison, Post Office Box 1900, Pound, Virginia 24279.
J.A.- 67
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s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 900 East Main Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us

J.A.- 68
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DEPAOLA Plaintiff,
v.
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendant(s).

) ) Case No. 7:14CV00692 ) ) ) ORDER ) ) ) By: Robert S. Ballou ) United States Magistrate Judge ) )

This matter is before the court on defendants’ motion for protective order. They argue

that they should not be required to respond to plaintiff’s interrogatories until the court rules on

their motion to dismiss. Finding good cause, it is now ORDERED that defendants’ motion for

protective order (ECF No. 44) is GRANTED. Defendants shall respond to the propounded

interrogatories within 21 days of entry of an order denying the motion to dismiss.

The Clerk is directed to send a copy of this order to the plaintiff and to counsel of record

for the defendants.

Enter: October 29, 2015
/s/ Robert S. Ballou
Robert S. Ballou United States Magistrate Judge

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DEPAOLA, Plaintiff,
v. VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendants.

)

)

) Case No. 7:14CV00692

)

)

ORDER

)

) By: James P. Jones

) United States District Judge

)

)

In this pro se civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Plaintiff Eric J.

DePaola contends that Virginia Department of Corrections (“VDOC”) Operating

Procedure (“OP”) 830.A — used to classify him as an “Intensive Management”

inmate at Red Onion State Prison — is unconstitutional on its face and as applied

to him. The defendants have filed a Motion to Dismiss, and DePaola has

responded. DePaola has also moved for leave to file an Amended Complaint,

clarifying his claims and facts and adding and deleting defendants. After review of

the record and in light of the Amended Complaint, it is hereby ORDERED as

follows:

1. The Motion to File an Amended Complaint (ECF No. 51) is

GRANTED, and the clerk is DIRECTED to docket the attached

Amended Complaint as such, and to redocket the operating

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procedures attached to ECF No. 1 and ECF No. 52 as Exhibits A, B and C to the Amended Complaint; 2. The Motion to Dismiss (ECF No. 41) is DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE, in light of the Amended Complaint and Incumaa v. Stirling, 791 F.3d 517 (4th Cir. 2015) (regarding procedural due process related to long-term segregated confinement), and the plaintiff’s Motion to Supplement his response to the Motion to Dismiss (ECF No. 52) is DENIED as moot; 3. The Amended Complaint is CONSTRUED AND GRANTED as voluntarily dismissing claims against the following defendants who shall terminated as parties to the action: External Review Team, Dual Treatment Team, and Unit Manager Team; 4. The Amended Complaint is CONSTRUED AND GRANTED as adding the following new defendants: Scott Richeson, Malcolm Taylor, Keith Dawkins, Dr. Brane, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, Earl Barksdale, George Hinkle, Elisabeth Thornton, J. Walrath, I. Hamilton, T. Puryear, J. Artrip, A. Gallihar, G. Baker, Michael Younce, Walter Swiney, Tori Raiford, Dwayne Turner, Stacy Day, Christopher Gilbert, Joe Fannin, Tony
‐2‐
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Adams, G. A. Adams, K. A. Sykes, R. Kegley, B. E. Stallard, and Jackson; 5. The Clerk shall cause the defendant(s) newly named in the Amended Complaint (see Para. 4) to be notified of this action, pursuant to Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure; and 6. The defendants are DIRECTED to file any motion for summary judgment within 60 days from entry of this order.
DATED: May 18, 2016 /s/ James P. Jones United States District Judge

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dismptivebebaviors.

. Re-entryUnlq SecurltyLevelS-SecurityLevelS incentivebasd specialhousing unitsthathouse olenderswlth24monthsor1= rem ainingontheirsentence;R-tntly unitsprovidepro- du ipwd

toprepareofenderstoreenterscciety.Som eso icesprovidedduringre-entryareeducation,substance

abusetreatmenqjobtraining,andriskassessment LevelSofrenderswith24monthsorlesstore-enA

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willbeimmtdiately directed into are-enA pmgram thatincorporatu acceleratedstagesofsecudl

wi+ thegoalofprovidingaperiodofsocialia uonpn'ortoreleasttoiecommunity.

SeturltyLevd K(SLO -TheoFender'ssrststm downfromLevelSintogtnsplpopulation;thtrewillbe

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p eateropportunitiesto socialhe with otherofenders. Security Level6 offenderswillbe mxnaged in

accordancewithOperatinjpmcedure241.% S% cturedLivingUnitProgmm wi+ increasedprivilegesover

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possibly fadng along term inhigh security,whohavesuccessh lly compl4ted necesso pro lng
requiredtostep down from Security LevelS intoLevel6;.

. SeturelntegratedPod(S1P)(SL6)-Housingreservedforolend= whoexyressresist=cetooutof cellacevitie orageneralpopulationenvimnmentan&ordisjlayapattem ofmtentionallycommitting
minordiscipline vjolatiom to enmzre they a retained in sep egation;pm ing willfocuson s% tegiœ to reintegrateolendersinto ageneralpopulationsetting inpreparation foradvancementto a

lowersecuritylevel.

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vicfmization by otheroffendea % arAmlltoftheircognitiv: impairmtnt;pro mg willfocuson

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A.Eligibilil CrittriaforAssignmenttoSecurityLevelS

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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 113 of 422

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J.A.- 107
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J.A.- 108
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'
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- VX W'

'

EffectiveDate

N um ber

@

January 1.2015

830.2

a x
. m . .j.

Am enge
supersedes

operatingLevel
ssaumunt

O eratin Procedure 830.2 1/1/12

Authority

'

cOV 553.1-10,j53.1-32.1

subject

'

ACA/PREA standards

SECURJTY LEVEL C LASSIH CATION ' 4-4295,4-4296,4-4300;2-CO-4B-01

IncarceratedOffenderAceess FolfExtmpt YesZ NoZ OftkeofPrimaryResponsibility

Yes H

..No(Z1 Attachments YesZ /4.NoZ DirectorofOffenderManagementServices

.

PUR POSE
Thisoperatingprocedureestablishesprotocolsgoverningthe security levelassignmentofoffenderswithin Departm en'tofCorrectionsin'stitutiond.

I1. COM PLIANCE
ThisoperatingprocedureappliestoallunitsoperatedbytheDepartmentofCorrections(DOC).Practices
and proceduresshallcom ply with applicable StateandFederallawsandregulations,BoardofCorrections policiesandregulations,ACA standards,PREA standards,andD OC directivesand operatingprocedures.

111. DEFINITION S

.

Acceptability -The lev'e'1ofacceptance oftheofftnderby the community;specifically,thelength of

sentence and nature ofthe.crim e may precludethe offenderfrom being approyed. Acceptability can be

assessed'using such 'döcuments asthe Pre-sentence Investigation,and other dooum entation related to

.
expressedcom munity sefltim ent.

.

'

A nàualReview -A ùniform yearly review ofan offender's.needsandobjectives;thelnitialClassification Date(ICD)isusedtoestablishthereview dateforanoffenderreceivedonorafterFebruary 1,2006.The
CustodyResponsibilityDateICIlDIisusedto establishthereview.dateforan offenderredeivedpriorto
February 1,2006. '

centralClassincationServices(CCs)-jtaffmembersfrom theOffendçrMahagementServicesUnit
who review certain recom m éndationsm adebytheInstitutionalClassifitatién Authority and renderafinal

decisionm gardingoffenderstatusarid assiynm ents.

Eligibility -Théutilization ofobjective,mbasuràbl.e,standardsor.criteriato determinean offender's program status(transfer,securitylevel,program plaçement,etc.).

Increase.in secui-iw Lével- A securiw levelstàtks change w hich increases the am ountof phyiical

restraintandsupervision mquired,i.e.highersecuritylevelnum ber.

.

.
Initial Cl%

.
siltcation

Date

g,Cb)-The. f'dat' e

on

w'hic'h..t.he'

.

.

offenderwas. initially

assigned

to

'
a .security

''
Level '

..

.

'

. I

.

.

'

,.

InstitutionàlClaàsiicationAuthoritygCA)-Tlie.facilitystaffperspn. designatedtocon(juct.oysyjtjer

caserektew héàrings.

' .
.

lted1!ctiùn:in securityLevel-A 'secliity Iekelstatusçhanjewhithdecreaseythe>rlfountofphysical restraintandj.up(:rvi.sl(o.n.re,t.u.ifed,i.e.lo.wçrsè'curitylevelnùm. ber ' . .., '

securityLeveluA meâsureo?thedegreeofphysicalrestraintandsupervisionihasisrequiredtomaintain

adetuqteconkolover'anoffendecto prçventescqpes,minimizerisk pfstaffandoffen'éerinjul'y,and .
maintainorderlyfacili!yoperationswhileprovidiùgforthesafetyofthçjeneralpubli,c.

'
spitability-A reasoned,professionaljpdgmentregardinganoffender's.abil.itytoperform inâ.certain security levelorfaéilityenvironment;itvallsforadiscerningjudgmèntrelativetoleng'thofsentencej

crime,priorrecord,'àzpellassociological,medicql,andpsyciiologicalconsideratiohs. Sqitabilitydiffers

,

.

witheachindiyidualoffeuderdependingu/ontheoffender'sfacility,paroleeligibllity,M andatoryParole

.

.

.

J

J.A.- 109

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OperatingProcedure:330.2 January 1,2015

ReleaseDateoiGoodTim eReleaseDate.
VA CORTS -The com puter-based VirginiaD epartm entofCorrectionsoffenderinform ation m anagem ent system

1V . PROCEDURE

A .SecurityLevelClassification

1. Classification ofoffendersinto appropriatesecurity levelsand assignmentto facilitiesequipped to
Provide appropriate security enhances public,stai-f,and offender safety by erisuring that each
offenderreceivestheappropriatelevelofcontroland m anagem entwhilereduçingtheoperating cost
o?theDOC byensuringthatQffenders.areassignedtotheleastrestrictivesecurityIevelnecessary
andnotsubjectedtoexcessivecontrolandmanagement.(4-4295;2-CO-4B-01)

SecurityLevelsincurrentusageare;(4-4296)
Securitv Levels 1-M inim um 2-M oderate 3-M edium 4 -Close 5-M axim um 6-SecurityLevelSSte-o-doWn
.

Specialw Designations U -Unassigned D -HearingImpaired H -Non CompliantwithGroom ing P -ProtectiveCustody T -Transition X -DeathRow s -segregation

3. Thesecurity levelclassification system providesforannualreview sofsecurity levelto providethe
'opjortunity for systematic decrease in supervision and corresponding increase in offender
' responsibility allow ingtheoffenderto benefitfrom additionalprogram m atic,educational,andw ork
opportunitièsinpreparationforreentry.(4-4296;4-430042-CO-4B-01)

4. Classitication decisionsinvolvethe assessm entofeach casebased on adetennination ofbligibility,

suitbility,andaéceptability.

.

.

a.An offendef'seligibilityforaspecificsecurity levelwillbedeterminedby useofan approved

scoringinstrum ent.

'b.M andatory restrictorsand discretionary ovenidesm ay be used in d,eterm ining suitability and/or

accepiabilityinindividualcases;

'

c.Thijsystem jrovidesan'accurateassessmentofsecurity needsatthevariousfacilities,and

providesex ciency in m atching offenderstoexisting programs.

'

5. A uthority toassignoffendersedurity levels.isvestedwithCeritralClassificationServices(CCS)but
m aybgdelegated in accordancewiththisoperatingprocedùre.

6. The.DirectorofCorrections,through CCS,hasthe authority to assign any offenderto any facility

deemed appropriateto facilitateeffectivebed m apagem entand m aintpin orderly operatîonswithout

anIdA hearirjj.

.

7. CCS willcontinuoujly m onitorand evaluatethe.securfty levelclassification system to determ ine

'

.

whèthçritisnieetingDOC neçdstùpioperlymatchoffenberswithavailablefacilitybedspaçebaséd '

onsecuritylevelassigpments.(4-:4295)

8.Al1initial'mpd reclassification jecurity levelassigdments and èhanges Willbe docùmented in

VACORISandreportectusinjtheInqtitutionalC/cuu/cà/fénAuthorityHearingRepobtgeneratedin

VACORIS.

' ,

9.tieClays6cationAsqessmentmustbecompletedilzVACUIUSpriortoth:hzitialsecuritylevel .

classitk ation and reviewed and upd>ted asnecessary for any subséquentsecurity levelorarmual

'

ieviewk.

'

' '

.

B.Bligibilityèriteria

J.A.- 110
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Operating Procedqre:830.2 January 1,2015

l. Initialeligibility for specific Security Levels willbe determ iped using the InitialSecurity Level ScoreSheetinVACORISforoffendersreceivingtheirfirstclassification sinceenteringtheDOC.

2. Eligibility for reclassification into specific Security Levelj w ill be detennined using the
Reclass#cationSecurityLevelScoreSheetinVACORIS.

3.TheSecurity LevelScoring Guide(seeAddendum 1)providesguidanceincompletingtheSecurity

'

LevelScoreSheqts(seeAttachment1andAttachment2for'work sheets).TheSeverityof Offense

Scale (see Attachment3) and Disc+linaly Reports'everf/y Scale (see Attachment4)provide

inform ationforthosedata'item s.

4. Pointscorerangesforeach SecurityLevelareasfollows:

' a. M aleOffenders

.

Scored

Security Level

Scored Security Level

-l-tl-F6)Iltlirlts............Iwk,A?()l1

;!t;-31;)()il1ts-............1.k)Ar(llzt

1()-1t;1)()i11ts.............lwk)h/i,l;!

3;!-F1)()irlts................1wd,Ark,l5

1-7-;!5I)tlirlts.............Iwt):lk,13

b.Femaleöffenders

Scored

Security Level

Scored Security Level

.

To+ 12points..........Levell

l8+ points................Level3

13-17points.............Leyel2

'

'

C.Determ ining SuitabilityandAcceptability

jrtl...

.1.lnadditiontotheobjectivescore,decisionmakersmustweighinformationinthePre-sentence

1,tf

' Investijation(PSI),institutionaladjustment,nattzreoftheoffensets),timetoserve,andotherfactors

rf'

affectingthelevelofriskanoffenderm ayposetofacility orderortothecom m unity.

isj')F

.

. .

.

.

. yf .

2. M andatoryRegtriètorsmustbeinvpied iftheoverallscoredoesnotadequatelyreflectthelevelof

.

.

.

)

. riskthe6ffenderwillpresentinareducedsecuritylevel.

.

a.Any'offender*ho sporeswithin any security levelmay havetheirsecurity levelassignment

'
,
nïe

changed

on

the

basis of.the M

and'atorv*'

Restrictorà listed

below

which
'

relate to

an

offendir's

suitabilityforaparticularsecurity level,

.

b.The applicability ofthe M andatôry Restrictors should be reviewed prior to any consideration

giventoipvokingaDijcretionp!'yOverride. '

' .

.

c*Ifthetotalscdm pl>céjanöf!fend:ratèrabovethe levelrequired by aM andatory Restrictor,no

M a.ndatorv*/' R.eitrictorshoul.d'beiiwoked' . .

.

' , ),

'

. .

.

'

d œ

M ultiklèM .

âpdatory Resiriciorsjhouldnotbeinvoked. lfmorethân oùeM

.

.

anéatèry Restrictur

ajplieà,th:facili/ shouldinyokèthçréstrictbrthatrèqqiresàssignmphttothehighçstsecurity

.
:
;
. . .

' . ' le.vel...'' t .

>. ..

.

.

.

.

.'

.

.

. '

' .
:

'

: .
=.

.

' .
. ...

. ...

.

J .

.

.

.
.

è;lf2p.M andàtp/ Restrictor is'applicàble,butthe facility administfàtioh determine; thatthe

oftendetssecurity lekelassignmeùtshouldbeahigherlevelthan,indicatedbytheMàndatory

'

-'

.

. '''' ,

'

'''''

.

.

.

Restriçtur,rio.restrictorshogldbeiùvoked.,lnstead,theapjropyiatèDiscretioharyOvqrride(see

blébvloèwl.)'' .s'h. ou. ld.bé'

ùsed

to

b.* rovide a ' ..

m

ore
.

so.r ecific

reasoh.

fo' r

the
.

assiM'w.''r. im

.

.

ent to

'

'

a

hiM'...''her. s'ec. urity

. .

' f.

A

M

'afld:atoryResiricio'ra'ndabistrçtlkonary'Overridema' ynotböth

'
lié ùsed on the sam

ereview.

g.Recommend>tiolisfqrrestrictorsshguldbeseleçtedinVACORIVasR-(numseroffestrictor).

h.M and>toryRestrictorsassignà,floffenderioahighçrsecurity levelthanisindicatedby score: . i.kul-Tifnç-

.

M ofe thafl20 years m maining to serve - includes life,m ultiple lifç,and life+ sentencçs-

rvstrictfrètn assignm enttoSecurityLevels1& 2.

5 .

Lifè,m ultiple life,and life+ sèptendesmusthave served 20 consecutivèyearson sentenceto .

J.A.- 111

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OperasingProcedure:330.2 . Januaa 1,2015

beeligibleforassignm elztto SecurityLevel3.Additionally,ifparoleeligible,m ustalso have reachedParoleEligibility Date. Numericalsentencesmusthaveserved 20 consecutiveyears
OR bewithin40yearsoftheirprojectedreleasedate.NOTE:OffendersassignedtoSecurity
Level3underpreviouscriteriathatdo notmeet'the currentcriteriacan rem ain ataSecurity Level3,aslongastheoffenderrem ainsqttheircurrentfacility.Offendersthataretransferred willneedtom eetthecurrentcritefia.
ii.R-2 Offenses (current or prior) - lst,2nd Degrëe M ufder,Violent SexualOffenses,
Kidnapping,Abduction,Felony Escape in the past10 years-restricted from assignmentto Security Level1
R-3 -Facility Adjustment- Offense code 100-108 infractions within past24 months
restrictedfrom Security Levels1,2,alzd3
iv.R-4-Detainers-(lNS,Felony-Detainers,Non-DetainerHolds,Judgment& Commitments)-
Restrictedfrom SecurityLevel1
v. R-5-Assignm entCriteria-Scored levelnotsupportedbyfacility assignm entcriteria

The Facility Unit H eAd m ay request in writing to CCS that the M andatory Restrictor be overridden forthepurpose ofassigning an offend4rtoa lowersecurity levelthanthatw hichthe Restrictor indicates. CCS w illreview such requests;however,the authority to override a M andatoryRçstrictorrestsw iththeChiefofCorrectionsOperations,ordesignee.

3. Discretionary overrides m ay be invoked if ithasbeen determ ined the offender'sscore does not adequately reflectthe levelofrisk the offenderm ay presentin a reduced orhighersecurity level.
Anyoffenderwhoscoreswithinanysecuritylevelmayhavetheirsecuritylevelassignm entchanged on thebasisofoneoftheapprovedoverridesIistedbelow whichrelateto an offender'ssuitability for aparticularsecurity Ievel.

a. Discretionar.yOverridesshouldnotbeused ifaM andalor.yRestrictorhasbeen invoked.
b.M ultiple Discretionary Ovenides should notbe invoked. ln those caseswherem ore than one discretionary ovçnide applies,the facility should invoke the applicable ovenide which best reflectstheneed forthe change in asecurity Ieyel.

c.DiscretionaryOverridesmayassignanoffendertoaI-HGHER securitylevelthanindicatedbythe score dueto:

i. H-1-Assaultiv:priorfacility conduct

ii. H-2 -Seriouspriorcrim inalrecordipdicatescaution

iii. H-3-Severity ofcurrentoffense

iv. H-4 -Seriousescapehistbry/risk

v.H-5'-Recentpatternofpoorfacilityadjustment vi.Hi6-Meedstoestablish stableadjustlentinageneralpopulationand/oratrecommended

security levelpriortoconsiderationforalowerlevel

.vii. H-7-Other

..

'

'

'

'

'

d. A LOW ER. security levelthan indicatedby thescorem ay beassigneddueto:

L 1 Ekcepiipnalfacility conduct

ii. L-2 -Singularnatureofincideùt iii. L-3-Priorsucc'essatlowerlevel

iv. L-4 -Othér

'

J

. .

e.RecommendationsfordiscretionaryoverridesshouldbèselectedinVACORIS asH-(numberof

överridel,'orL-(numberofoverride). ExolanationsshallbeincltidedintheCommentssection

whenanH-7orL-4ovenv eisinvoked.Offenders.requiringan ovenideoftwo levelsormore

requireapprovalfrom theM anagerofClassificàtionServicesordeslgliee.

.

; .

D .InitiqlClàssific>tionAssignm ents

Security Level$;U ''should be data entered upon receiptpf any new prisoner received or parole

violatorutilizingthedatetheoffen81erwasreceived.

'

J.A.- 112
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Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,20l5

2. Unlessothem isenoted,initialsecurity levelassignm entswillbedeterm inedbythe score indicated ontheInitialxqeczfrj/pLevelScoreSheet,andrestrictorsorovenidesifappropriate.
.

3. lnitialsecurity leveiandfacility assignm entsfornew prisonersreceived andparoleviolatorswillbe

m ade by the Instimtional Classification Authority with approval of the Facility Unit Head or

.

designeeupon recom mendation oftreatment/security staffofthe Reception Center. In som e cases,

CCS willm akethe finaldecision on security leveland facility assignment. N ote:Assignm eptto

Security Level S requires a form alICA hearing and approvalby the W arden of the prim ary

maximum security prison(cun-entlyRedOnion)andtheappropriateRegionalOperationsChiefor
designee(RegionalAdminiskator)pertùeSegregationQualfers-SecurityLevelSsectionofthis .

operating procedure.

4.CCS willberesponsibleforthefinalclasslfication actiononthebelow listedtypesofcasesupon recommendation from the InstitutionalClassification Authority (ICA). These offenderswillbe
identifiedby b0thCCSandtheReception Centers.
a.Ex-tzaw Enforcem entOfficials

b. Ex-public officials c. N otoriousoffenders

d.M entalHea1thU nitReferrals

5. Reception CenterlnstitutionqlClassificationAuthority-TheReception CenterFacilityUnitHeador

authorized designee willhavethe finalauthority oh a1lNew PrisonerReceivkd cases exceptthose listed above. The InstimtionalClassification Authority heming processwillbein accordancew ith

OperatingProceddre230.1,FacilityClassfcationManagement.CCSwillmonitorthesedecisions astpproprietyandjroductivity.

6.Parol:ViotatorInstitutionalClagsificationAuthority-Upon completioliofarevocatiôn heéring,

offendersw illbeclassified. TheReception CenterFacility UnitHead orauthoriked designee will have the finalauthority on allParoleV iolatorcasesexceptthosé listed above.

a.Out-of-state péroleviolatorsshould bereturned to aReception dlassification Centerfortheir

prelim inary hearing,following which they m ay be trapsferred to ahotherfacility forrevocation hearing and classification.

b.tnalic>ses,followingrevocationhearingtheoffenderwiltbemaintainedasiftheywereassigned

Sectlrity Leyel5 untilscored on theInitialSecurityLeyelScoreShqet. Fordatqentry purposes,

prior tq their initial classificâtion aysignlnent,unclàssified offenders' security levelwillbe :fltéreda'sI:U''onthedatabasetoreflecttheirtçunclassifiçdr'st>t-us,. '
. j.Any'.ùf.(ehder.'senàtencedtoDeatlzF'il'lbeaj.signe.d.dir:ec.tly't.oDeàthé.ow ariyass..jgnejjj.jyyya jgjyautj point.àcoreof((99,,jointsforinitialclasstfication.Norecjajss cationwillb8completed.Fordata .

enta pumosesaDlathRow offendeis'securiW levelwill'beenteredasCCX''onthedatàbas:toreflect

'

tah..eiOrfDfeenatdh.erRjorwemstù.avteùdsrf'ro.'m-

.. . .
Deat.hRow

'
bk

'
comm

utatién . of sentence F

'
illbereviewed

.
and

'
assigned

toajropbrseçuritylevel.

.

,

.

b.The àsyignedfacilityFillcprripletethçRçclassscàtionScczfh/r.pfeveiScoreSLeetandsubmitto . t?C!lnkAcöR-ljforapprùva'ltoestablishtheappyopkiatédecuritylçve'1.

2.Reclajqificàtitm RekiewsandAssignments

1.Unlessotherwise noted,cliàngejip a.n pffender'ssecurity levelwillbe determiried by the score '

indicatçd.

on

ihe

.
Reclassscatibh

'
Securitk

'
LevelScore

.
Sheet and , restrictors

gr

o#errides

if

appföpriate. Regardlesjofthèscöre,à1lsecuritylevelassignmentsmustbemadeusingthegood

judgmeht,:xpétience',andéxpellijeofth8decisionmaker.

'

2. TheseçuritylevelscoreandstatusoteachoffenderwillbereviewedduringtheAnnualReview (See

. 'C

.''

.

'

'

,

- OpèraiingPfoçedute830.1,FacilityCDJUVI/MJ/D?CManagementj.

'

J.A.- 113
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Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,2015

!I '
!. !:

3. lnterim Reclassification SecurityLevelReviews '

a. At any time an offender's behavior or other factors indicate that the current security level

assignm entm ay not be appropriate,the façility adm inistration m ay refer the offender for a * security levelreview by aforlnalorinformal1CA hearing heldin accordanceWith Operating

Procedure830.1,FacilityClassscationM anagcnwnt.

'

b.CCSm ay adm inistrativelyreview theoffenderpopulation forsecurity levelreductionsinorderto

m aximize the efficientuse of available bed space. Facility UnitHeads m ay be requested to

'

.

review theoffenderpopulationandm akerecommendationsforsecurity leyelreductions.

c.An iùterim review willnotchangethenextAnnualReview date.

d.The reason for.the review should be stated in the Com m ents section in the VA CORIS
Classifcation module and repoted using the InstitutionalClassscation Authority Hearing . Report generated in VACORIS (see Operating Procedure 830.1,Facility Classscation M anagement).

4. Facility UnitHeadsor designee have the finalauthority to approveICA rucomm endationswhich

. .

' indicate the offe'nderrem ainsin the currentsecurity levelunless such action involvesthe use of

overrides.

5. SecurityLevelReductions

a.TàeFacilityUnitHeadhastheauthorityto approvean annualreview security levelreduction.
Overridesoftwoorm orelevelsrequireapprovalofthe.M anagerofCCSordesignee.

b.CCS hasthe'finalauthority to approve any security levelreduction with orw ithouttheuse of

restrictorsand discretionary overrides.

c. Approvalforan qssignmentto aIow ersecurity levelshould generally pfom ptarecomm endation '

forthetransferoftheoffenderinaccordancewithOperatingProcedure830.5,Transfers,Facility.

Reassignments.Acceptablereasonsfornotrecomm ending atransferforan offenderwouldbe:

i. Offender'sneedform edicalorpsychologicaltreatm entcannotbeprovided atanotherlocation

'

thatiscompatibletothéoffender'sreducedsecurity level

ii. Offender's close proxim ity to com pletion of an educational/vocational cir Therapeutic

1

Communit program assignment

iii. Offendei'sassignm enttoacadre/workassignmentasestablishedby an approved quotadueto

f>cilityneed2Note:TheauthoritytoestablishaquotaofSecurityLevel1offenderstobe
housedathighersecurityfacilitiesrestswiththeChlefofCorrectionsOperationsk

iv. Facilityrecomm endationsforfacility assignmentshould beincluded ontheA ction Detailsof

theClass@cationsection ofVACORISforconsiderationby CCS.TheICA mayincludethe

offender'spreferencepfassignm entintheRcèmm ents''section.

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6. SecurityLevelIncreases

a. TheF:cility Unit.Headhasauthoritytoapjroveanannualreview sécurity levelincreéseexcept

- tt?Security LevelS. Overridesoft'wo ormorelevelsrekpireapprovaloftheM anagerofCCS or

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deîignee. .

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b. CCS willhavethefinaloversightovetfacility recomm endationsforsecuritv levelincrease'swith

otwlthoutthçusçofoverridesorrestfictors. ' .

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c.Eyqeptatannualreview,theof,fen(Ierwillbegivenpropyrwrittenù.ötification, ai1e!st48hotlrs

p

'inadva.nceo,ftheclassificationhearineK.z for.thep*ur.nK oseofreviewilia*..ztheirsecurltk<. levelstatus.
'fhewritten notificàtion willstatethereasonsforthereyiew forpossible increasé in securlty

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d. - . ln

accordan'cew' ith

.O-p' eratink'*''

Procedure '

830.1',Facilit-k'

Class@'''

cation .

M

anagement,form

al due

pröcessforan increaseinthesecuritylevelisEotrequired duringagenerqlpopulation offender's

anriualreview (exceptforassignmenttoSecurityLevelS)sincesuchreviewsafeconsidered '

routiùeand'affordedtoevery offender;however,theoffendershould bepresentduringthereview

.

Processand >lloFedinput.

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garluary 1,2015

e. Reassignm entto ahighersecurity levelshould generally necessitatea physicaltransfer. Facility

assignmentrecbmmendationsshouldbeincludedontheAction Details oftheClassôcation

sectionofVA CORISforconsid.eration byCCSwhencom pletingany resultingtransferorder.

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f. lnanem ergencysituation,theRegionalAdm inistratorisauthorizedtlzroughOperatingProcedure

830.5,Transfers,Facility Reassignmentsto affectan Intra-Regionaltransferto temporarily
increase an offender'ssecurity levelin the absence ofICA recomm endations. ln such cases,a

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formalclassitk ationhearing shouldbeconducted withinthreeworking daysafterthèoffender's

transferto determ inetheappropriatesecurity level.

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g.In anem ergencysituationwhichresultsinthetem porarytransferandincreaseinsecurity levelof

arfoffender,itwillbethereceivingfaçility'sFacility UnitHead'sresponsibilityto assurethatthe

necessaryclassificationhlaringisconductedin accordancewiththisandotherpertinentoperating ,
progedures(Opçrating Procedure 830.1,Facility Class#cation Managementand Operating

Procedure 830.5,Transfers,Facility Reassignments). Thesending facility willprovide all

,

necessaryreportstothereceivingfacilitytoassistintheadm inistration ofthishearing.

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F.ProtectiveCustodyUnit

1. Assignm ent of offenders to a Protective Custody Unif w ill be in accordance w ith Operating

Procedure830.5,Transfers,FacilityReassignments.Facilityrecopmendationsfortheassignmentof
an offenderto aProtectiveCustody Unitshouldbebasedop aform alICA revieW and besubm itted

.

toCCSviaVACORIS.CCSwillhavethefinalauthorityonassignmentofoffeyderstpaProtective

Custpdy Unit. Offendersm ay notbe placed in thèProte'ctikeCustodyUnituntllfinalapprovalhas

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beenreceived9om CCS.

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a. For.the duratioà ofan offender,sassignm entto the ProtectiveCustody Unit,the secur'ity level

assignlpentwillbedesijnatedasGT''fordataentrypurposes.

.

b.During an offender'sassignmentto thç Protzctive Custody Unit,no review ofthe offender's

qectlrity levelw ill.benecessary.

. ' 2. Remöval of offçnbers from a Protective Custody Unit will be in accordance with Operating

' Procedure830.5,Transfers,FacilityReassignments.

' a. Facility reèomm endationsforthe transferpfan offenderfrom aProtective Custody Unitshould

bej)asedon aformal1CA review includingcompletionoftheReclassscationSecurityLevel

'

ScoreSheqtanébesubmittedtoCCSviaVACORIS,

.

b.CCSwill'havçth'efinalauthoritytotransferoffend.;erqfrom

.
aPrptectiveCustodyU

nit.

.

G.jegregâtfonQualiGèrs-SecurityLevelS

. .

1.w htiesegregatkowisnotascorqdsqcuritylevel,itijatyjeqrhimsingreseaèdorspecialpurpose

bedassijnmentwhichislltilikeàbyfacilitiesunderpropergdminio àtiveprocessfortheproteçtive

careand manajententptoffepders.'Offindçrs>sylgned.tq segiegation statuskwillbepfforded

.
' se.curity

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levelrèviek

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.sop'ly.aqaparto?th.éformélsegrégà.tio.pievieW

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prpbéssin acùordâhcewith

Operating Pmcrdùre425.4,MqnàkeméntofBed JH# CellAà.ç/gz??içnis(Réstricted. )tmd Opeyàting

Iyocedup 861.3,vtpecial#ousing. offendefsajsijnedtpsijreg'Ajiörïareineligiàtetifetuesta .

trânsf4routsidethefonhalségregatipnryvieW ljrpcesd.

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The?ollowingsegrbgatiopQuqliiirrsindicatethatthe'offéndçyshöuldb4c/nsider'edfor'aFsignmènt

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, tSo-. 1S. ieçAugr.ik.tkraLvae.tveeélAS' .ï!ss.àu. .lt..ofnI .jt'aff.

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j-é-AjjrqvysedAss:ultonOffenéerw/weaponorRejùltinginS/iouslhjuryw/oweajon '

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S-j-NötUsed

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S-4-SefiôujEscapeRisk-reqiliringm axim um security supervision

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S 5-Coml issipn ofCrim eofExcçptionalV iolenceand/qrN otoriety

s-6-txèessiyeviolentDisciplinary Convictions-retlçétinginabilityto adjusttoalowerlevelof

yujervision

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S-7-SettingFireResultinginlnjurytoPersonsorExtensiveDamagetoStatePropeo S-8-RiotingresultinginInjurytoPersonsorExtensiveDamagetoStateProperty
S-9 -Seizing orH olding Hostages

S-10-Possession ofFirearm s,Am munition,Explosives,W eapons S-11- Knowingly Transferring HIV orotherD isbase to AnotherPerson orRefusalto Subm itto
Testing

S-12-GangActivityRelatedtoany Category1OffenseoraDocum ented GangLeadership Role S-13 -StaffM anipulator/Predator

S-14 -Behaviorthatrepresentsa.threatleveltoo greatforthe safety and security ofa lowerlevel institm ion

3.Facilityrecommendationsfortheassignmentotan offendertoSecurityLevelSshallbebasedon a

' formallCA review (including initialclmssification and reclassificationl'and be submitled via

VACORIS.

'

a.Initialassignm entto Security LevelS requiresaformal1CA hearing andapprovalby theW arden

oftheprimaq maxi.mum securityprison(currentlyRedOnion)andtheappropriateRegional

OperationsChlefordesignee(RegionalAdm inistrator)

.

b.CCSw illreview eachreclassificationassignm entofoFendersto SecurityLevelS.

c.Each offenderapprovedbfCCSforreclassificationtoSecurityLévelSwillbereviewedbythe W arden oftheprimary maximum security prison (currently Red Onion State Prison)and the appropriateRegionalOperationsChiefordesignee(RegionalAdm inistrator).

4.An offender approyed by the RegionalOperations Chief or designee forassignmentto Security LevelSwillbetrapjferredtotheprim arym axim um securityprison.

5. Onarrivalatthekrimarymaximum securityprison,theSecurityLevelS offenderwillbeassessed
andevaluatedforàppropriatesecurity àndprogram assignm ent.

6.Selectedoffendersmaybetransferredtothesecondarym'aximum iecuritypriso'n(currentlyW allens

RidgeStatePrison)uponagreefnentbetweenthçtwoW ardens.

ThelnstiïtioùalClassificatltm Authoritywillperform periodic rçviewson each Security LevelS

.

offenderinaccordancewith'Operating. Procedure425.4,M

anàgementofBedandCellAssignments. . .

8. Aftetadequateprogress in Security LevelS,theICA should recomm endthe offendèrforreduction

to Security Eevel6. The W ardens atthe two m nximum security prisons willreview each 1CA

recom m enditionforSecurityLevel6.TheRegiohalOperatiönsChiefordesigneewillreview cases

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in.whichthetwo W ardensdonotagree.

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9.AftçrqpprovalforSecurityf,evel6,offenèlèrswi1Ibe movédtodesignated unitts)irlamaximum

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securit1vF'b'*risôn;forfutherpœro.*a'''rammz ina'h-''

and

adap'* tatl.onto

jeneral populatiön

housing....Seturity

Level6housihg unitsshouldbeöperated i11accèrdancewith Operating Procedure 841.7,Structured

Living Unit'rtpgrtzrn.

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10. The SLU

Review uTeam .

willieçommendoffendçrs.thath4k:m adepdequateprökiessin Seçurity

Lb'eevrèetv6ieWfoefdreb'dyucbtoiothh.rthoa.Sxeiméuurm'tt*v.'sLeceuvre'ilty5.prRiseocnomWmarèdneénastio:,nn'sdfao.jrprreédvueèdtibèynttoh.r eSReéçugriiot.'*v'n''aL'leCvjeple5ramiiou.nsst

Chiefordçsignee.

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XfteyappfoyalforSecurijyLevet5,offenderjwillbemovçdtoan

a.pp. ropriatepnitkn

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ope of ttze

maximum secutitkpridonsfor.futherprogressingeneralpopulationandeventualtiansfçrtoalower

.z '

' ' *< ak '

secùritv levelinstitution..

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12.Securit LevelS and Security Lxevel6 qffendersadmitjedtè aàpecialized unitsuch asamental

hèalth .

unit or m '

edica' linfirm

arv<

m

av1-

havethe'irse.curity'''

levelreview . .

ed

w

hen

clinicaljtaffdetetm '

inç

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thptthboffendernéedslongtérm mental'healthormedicalcareand/orisunlikelytohavéskillsora

leyeloff'uhctioning sufficientto padicipateand succeed in progfam m ing to 'reduce theirsecurity
J.A.- 116
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Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,2015

level.Thefollowingprocessm aybeusedtoassign anappropriatesecurity level.

a.Clinical staff w ill determ ine the offender's needs through a progressive case review and docum enttheirrecom m endationsthroughan1CA hearing. i. Safety and securityshallalw aysbetheprim aryconsideration. ii. Foreach case,thereshouldbecleardocum entationofaseriousm entalorphysicalillness. iii. The offendershould havedem onstrated an extended period ofstabilitythatisfree ofserious disciplinary offenseconvictions. iv. Each casewillbeconsideredon itsindividualm erits. v..C linicalstaffisencouraged to discussindividualcasesw ith the PsychologistSenioratCentral C lassification Servicesbeforestarting thisprocessto reducesecurity levels.
b.Afterapprovalofth. e ICA actions by the Facility UnitHead where offenderiscurrently being housed,therecom m endationwillbeescalatedtothePsychologistSenioratCentralClassification Servicesforreview andapproval.

c.ThePsychologistSenioratCCSwillconsultwiththeHealth ServicesDirectorforcasesrelatedto

m edicalcare.
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d..'I'hePsychologistSenioratCCSw illconsultw iththeW ardenofthefacilitywheretheoffenderis

currently housed and escalateapprovedcasestotheRegionalOperationsChiefoverthe prim aly

m axim um securityprison.

e.W iththeapprovaloftheRegionalUperationsChiefovertheprimarymaximum .securityprison,

theoffenderwillbereducedinsecurity level.

H.ProcessingUfEscapees

1. An offenderreturned to DOC custody afterbeing arrested out-of-state willbereturned to Powhatan

ReceptionandClassificatioliCenter(males)orFluvannaCorrectionalCenterforW open.

2.lffeasible,an offenderwhoescapesandisarrestedinVirginiamaybereturnedtoafacilitywithin

theReqionafteracompletereview ofthegircumstancesoftheescape,andreyiew ofthecriminal
and soclalhistory ofthe offender.

a. Thoseoffenderswho presenta continued seriousescape risk orhigh risk ofviolence,regardless

ofthecircum stancesoftheescape,w illbeclassifiedtoahighersecurity levelfacility.

b.Thepurposeoftheescapeeiemaining intheRegion would betofacilitateacourthear'ingrelative

to the escape.

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3. After disposition pf the escape charge, th: offender will be reviewed by the Institutional

Classificat'QlonAuthorityandseduritylevelrecommendationswillbeforwardedtothe/acilityUnit

Headforgcdon. .

4.Xnescapeewhohasbeenoneqcapestatusforanextendedperiodmay6eprocessedbackintothe
DOC through areception center. Such offenderswillbe scored on theInitialSecurity LevelScore ghogj

5. If the offender is refurned to a non-reception facility,feclassification will be rescored on the

ReclasssèationSecyrityLèvelScoreSheet.

'D. ocume:. tkt'ioh..'.

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Facilitiçsw. illcompleté

a. pprop:ri. ate

jecurlty

level and

.
due

process actions

in

VACOX

S,when

needèd,and escalateto the Facility UnitHeàd forfinalactibn. 'Security levelactiohsthatrequire

CCSa.pprovalwillbee.scalatedto' CCSforacfion.

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2.Fàpility staffshallbrresponsiblefortheprintingand distributionofcopiesofany actionsneededfor

* theoffehder';rçcord apd to be provided to theoffender.

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J.Offendersmay appe>làny classification decision through the OffenderGrievanceProcedure,(see

. OperasingProcedufe866.1,OyenderGriekanceProcedure). Copiesoftheclassificationdotuments

will

generally

sel've

tè .

jatisfy

the

inforinal procedure

requkements

of the

Offendpr Grievance

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Operating Procedure:830.2 January 1,20l5
Procedure.
V. REFERENCES
OperatingProcedure425.4,M anagenlentofBedandCellAssignments OperatingProcedure830.1,FacilityClasss cationM anagement OperatingProcedure830.5,Fransfers,FacilityReassignments
OperatingProcedure84l.7,*StructuredLiving UnitJ'r/pwrp O peratingProcedure 861.3,SpecialH ousing
OperatingProcedure866.1,OyenderGrievanceProcedure
VI. FORM CITAH ON S N one
V11. REW EW DATE The officeofprimaryresponsibility shallreview thisoperating procedure'annually and re-writeitnolater thanthreeyearsfrom theeffectivedate.

x% rlaffzr:Con onT'W

10/20/14

A.David Robinson,ChiefofCorrèctionsOperations

D ate

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Effective Dale

Number

October1,20l1
Amended
2/2g/j2,jj/jj/ja,4/;/j4

' 861.3

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OptratinjLevel.

. pe.aitmant

supersedes

.

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O eratin Prùcedure861.3 11/1/09

xuïhcrjty
CQk (53.1-.1% j19.2-316.2.j19.2416.3

. .

subject

.
SPECTAEH OUSING

AcA standards
4-j140,.4-4249thru4-425j,4-4261,4-4262,4-426,,.
t-4265thru4-4273,4-4320,4-X 00,4-ACRS-5A-06 .

IncarceratedOffenderAccess

YesX

N0Q

.

FOIAExempt YesQ NcX

Attachmepl YesC) NoZ

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OfnceofPrimaryResponsibility
DeputyDirectorofOperations De u DirectorofCommuni Cnrrections

1, PU RPOSE

This operating procedure provides for the classifkatipn of offenders incarcerated in Depm m ent of Cörrectioné.ihstim tions'to G eneralDetention,Pre-Hearing Detentipn, ' Disciplinary Segregqtion,
and segregation statuses,ininimum standardsforthe operatioà o/spec'ialhousing knits,and m inimum

standardsforthe

care and

cpstody

of offenders assigned .

to

eachofthesestatuses,(4-4249)

Thisoperatinx procedure also providesforthe detention arz consideration forprogram removalof
. offenderslnDOC CommunityCorrectionsfacilities.

II. COM PLIAN CE
This operatiùg procedure appliesto allfacilities operated by the DepartmentofCorrections (DOC). Practicesand proceduresshallcomply with applicable State and federallaws,Board ofCorrections
policiesand regulations,ACA standards,a:dD0C directivesandoperatingprocedures.

111. DEFINITION S
AtRisk Offender-An offenderidentiGed by a Qualised M entalHealth Professionalasmeeting the criteriainOperatingProcedure730.4,Oyenders,W/Risk''inSpecialHousing.
FacilityReview Committee-A treatmentteam ofatleastthreefacilttystaffmembers,normallyincl'uding
theoffender'sCounselororProbation Officer;AssistantUnitHead orSecurity Supervisor;and one from
thefollowing:SeniorProbation Om cer,DCE Instructor,oranotherCounselor.(Community Corrections . facilities only)
GeneralDetention-Specialpumosebedassignments,utilizedunderprogeradministrativeprocess,forthe
imm ediatesecureconsnementofoffenderspendingr:view foranapproprlateassignment.
InstitutionalClassiscation Authoriw (ICA)-The facilitv staffperson desiMnated to conductoffender casereviéw hearings.Hearingsrelatedtospecialhuusingstatusreview areformaldueprocesshearings.
Intractable Behavior - Behaviorwhich,in the determination ofthe DepartmentofCorrections,(i)' indicatesan(offender's)unwillingnessorinabilitytoconform his/herbehaviortothatnecessarytohis/her successfulcompletionoftheprogram or(ii)issodisruptiveastothreatenthesuccessfulcompletionofthe program by other.offenders.-COV i19.2-311(appliesto youthfuloffenders)and COV i19.2-316.1 (appliestoCommuliityCorrectionsfacilities)
- Disciplinary Segregation -Specialpup osebed assignm ents,in w hich theoffenderisconGned w ithoutprivileges-imposed bytheHearingsOK cerasapenalty forconvictionofadisciplinary offense.
Pre-H earing Detention -Specialpurpose bed assignm ents,utilized underproperadm inistrativeprocess, forthe im mediateconfinem entofoffenders who have beep charged with an offense undertheOffender Disciplinary Procedure,areawaiting aD isciplinary Hearing,and are considered to bea potentialthreatto

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PerSOl1SOrPropertyy0rforescape,

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Protective Custody Unit-A specialpurpose generalpopulation housing unitdesignated by the Director

foroffendersclassifiedasretuiringsegarationfrom otheroffendersas.aresultoftheirpersonalsecurlty

nerds. Offendersrequesting and requlring assignmentto aprotectivecustody unitmay brmanàged in

GeneralDetentipnandSegregation,asappropriate,pending asslgnm entandtmnsfer.

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QualillédMentalHeaIthProfvssionalIQMI.IPI-Anindividualemgloyedinadesignatedmentalhealth

servicespositiopasaPsyçhèlogistorPsychologyAssociate,Psychiatr1st,SocialW orker(Masterslçvel),or

'

RegisteredNurseor.. anindividualwjthatleastaMasttrsdegreeinpsjchology,socialwork,or.relevant

human servicesfield With knowledje,training,and skills in thedlagnosisand treatmentofmenial

disorders. .

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, Segregation - Special purpose bed assignm ents opirated under maximum security regulatibn; and

,

procedure's,and utilized undçr proper adm inistrgtive process, for the personalprotection or custodial .

m anagep entofoFenders. '

SpscialHousing-A generalterm forspeci'alpprposebedassijnmentsincludingsegregation,' ' .

disciplinarysegregation,generaldetention,andpre-hearingdetentlon'

.

1V . CO

IW CORRECO ON SFA CILITIES

'

A.Communiâ Correctionsfacilitiesdonotusespecialhousingunitsbutthereisoccasionalneedtodetain
an off.endertoyreservetheorderlyoprrationofthefacility andtoensurethesafetyoftheoffender
pendingtherevlew forpossiblerem ovaloftheoffenderfrom theprogram .

B.Othersectionsofthisoperating procedure do notapply to Com m unity Corrections facilitiesexceptas

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specifically referenced in thijsection. ' .

C.Detention ofOffenders-GeneralProcedures

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1.TheFacilityUnitHçadshoulddelegateinwritingthosefacilityemployeeswhomàyauthorizethe

detention ofan offender. This a'uthorization willbe posted orm aintalned in a procqdure m anu#l

easily accessibletoallfacility em ployees.

2.AnyoffendermayV detainedinapprovedrestraints(inaccordancewithOperatingProcedure420.2,

UseofRqstraints.and Managementof OyenderBehavior)orwithin asecuredholàing cellas

determ ined by thedelegated authörity.

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3. Any tim e an offender is detained, the facility Adm inistmtive Duty Officer shall be notified

immediately,and permissionwillbesecuredtocontinuetheuseofmechanicalrestraintsand/or

placem entln aholding'cell.

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4. An offendershould notbe detainedin restrainà foraperiod greaterthan fourhours. Ifitbecom es .

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necessary to maintain the restraints for a period of more than four hours due to the offender's

intractablebehavior,theoffenderwillbegiventheopportunity tousetherestroom .

5. Detentionsshallnotbeusedfordisciplinary orpunishm entsanctions.

D .U se ofHolding C ells

.

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1. The AssistantFacility UnitHead shallreview any detention ofan offenderwithin 72 hoursorless
' andrecommendtotheFacilityUnitHeadreleaseoftheoffender,referraltotheIiearingsOfficer,or

referaltotheFacilityReview Com m itteeforform alreview ofprogram continuation/rem oval.

2. Any offehderdetained ip a holding cellthrough a mealshallbe fed thb sam e m eals on the same

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scheduleastherestofthepopulation.

3. Anyoffenderdetained inaholdingcellshallbegivenprescribed medication asscheduled.

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(jPeratingàroiedure:861.3 .yctober1,2011

4. A holdingqçllusidforpvernighthousingshâllbeequippkdwithabedaböveiloèrlekel,aworking

toilet,. jyahd.basjn,a;ppropriatelighti.ng,andyentilatiop. '

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'

5.Anyoffendeibetaihedinaholdingcellovernightshopldbeprpv.ided w ith thesam e bed linensand

mattfessan1pkllùwasjermittedthegeneralpopulation,offenderbehakiorpermitting.

'

6.D:ientiqn',notto eyceàci72 hours,.maf àe utilize'd d'pring àn investigation while facts and
inform ation.aregatherçdprioitothefilihgofaD iscipliùary Report.

7.An#ùffenderjetainçdinaholdingcellwillbepermittedtoshowerands:haye..tleajto ery thiqd

jay.

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8. Offelidefs

that

ayer:detained

.
ln

a

holding

cell s. hpuid .

.
forfeit'all

pçfsopal

pmperty

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privileges.

6ffçndersshèilld'bç'providedappropriateclotàingandma#beper ittedtoliàvçopereligiousboo'k. .
Allpersbhalpropefty shàllbe secured and inventorjed atthe tlme.thé offender'isplac4d in the

holdlng cell.

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9. Eaçh pffenderdetained in aholdingcellshquldbecheckedby acorrectionsom ceratle>stevery 60

.

lpinutzsonanirregularschedule,witheachcheckrecordeàbntheSpecialWbzflfng';IndividualLtv

,

(425 /4).

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% r

l0.W hiledeta.inldipahpld. tngcelly'eachoffendefthatisbeli4véd'tobeimdeytheinGuenceofdrugsor

intoxicants should be checkçdh.by a correctionsoo ceratleastevery 15 minutes,w ith each check

recordedontheSneciàlWatchLoz(425 F5),

.

11. W hile detained.in a holding cell,each offenderwho is believed to be a tb eatto selfshould be checked by acorrectionsofticeratleastevery 15l inutes,w ith each checkrecorded on theSnecial
WatchLt?g(425 F5).
E.Progràm Rem oval

1. Generally,ofenderscanberem ovedfrom theprogram for a. Voluntary withdraw alfrom theprogram
.
b.Removalfrom theprogram bytheDOCforintractablebehaviorasdesnedinj19.2-316.1
c. Failuretocom ply w ith thetermsandconditionsofprobation,parole,ormandatoryrele% e

2. An offender who is rem oved or voluntary W ithdraws from a Comm tmity Corrections facility
program issubjecttotheCourtorParoleBoarddvokin!ashow causeontheoffendertoshow why
theoffender'sprobation,parole,orpostreleasesupervislon andsqspepsionofsenténceshouldnotbe revoked.

3.TheFacility UnitHeadshogld apjroveaIlprogram removalactions. IftheFacility UnitHead is unavailable,thçAssiqtantFaciïityUnitHeadmayapproveprogram removalactions.(4-ACRS-SA06)

4.V oluntaryW ithdrawal
a. An offenderm aym akearequestforvoluntarypfogrpm rem ovalatany tim eduringtheirtenurein theprogram .

b. A program staff mem ber,generally a Counselor orProbation Ofscer,should m eetw ith the offenderand review the offender'sdecision w ith them to asbure thatthe offenderisaware ofalI possibleconsequencesoftheirdecision.

c. Resultsofthism eetin'g should bereportedtotheFacility UnitHeadto aidindecisionsconcerning th:offender'sstatusandappropriasehandlingofthecase.

5. InvoluntqryRem oval

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Operating Piocedure:861,3

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October1,2011

a. In accordance with Operating Procedure 720.1,Access to Health Services,an offendermay be
medically removed from the prograï if a medical'condition prevepts the offender iom
participating in thçprogrnm .

b.Recomm endations for program rem ovalmgy be made asthe result ofD isciplinary Hearings,

actionsby theFacilityRèview Comm ittee,orby retomm epdationsfrom faïilitystaff.

'

DisçiplinaryhearingdocufnentsbrFacilityReview Committeed'ocumentationrejultinginthe
recomm endation forrem ovalshould bearthe review signafure ofthe Facility UnltH ead orin

his/herabsencetheAssisiantFacilityUnitHead.

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lssuanceofPB-15W arrant

1. Upon approvalof a prograp iemovalaction,the approving authority should instructthe Seninr Probation OfficerorProbationOv certo prepareaPB-15W arrantinVACORIS.

2.NotifcationofaPB-15warrantissuanceshouldbemadetothereceivingjurisdictionoftheoffender
bythenextworkingday.DocumentauonqfnotifkationshouldbemadeintheCaseNotes.A copy ofthe PB-15jhould be given to the offenderand acopy should be placed intheoffender'sfacility
Caserecord.

3.'A MajorViolationReportshouldbegeneratedinVACORISbyafacilityProbationOfficerdetailing
thebehaviors,reasons,andactionsresultingintheprogram removal. 'I'heMajor YiolationReport
m ay containarecomm endation bythefacilitytothelocalP&P DiskictforaRequestforCapias.

'

4 Ifthe offenderhas been placed in the program by the Parole Board,afterthe ijsue ofthe PB-15

warrant,theoffenderwillbeplacedinthelocal'jailclosesttothefacility.A Noticeofpreliminary

Parole/probation Violation Hearing- wiLjbe prepared by the Fqcility Probation Officer and the

proceduresinOperatingProcedure920.6,ViolationofsupervisionConditions,shouldbefollowed.

A prelim inaryparoleviolationhearingw illbeheldw iththefacility Probation Om cerservingas'the

reporting officer.

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G.Docum entation

1. Allactionsrelated to detention orremovalofaComm unity Correctionsoffendershould berecorded in the offenderCaseN otes.

2.Copies'tororiginalsifavailable)ofalldocumentsrelatedtodetentionorremovalofaCommunity

.

Correctionsoffendershould beplaced intheo.ffenderCaseRecord. '

SPECIALZOUSING IN W STITUTIONS-GENERALREQUIREV ENTS

A.Thisoperatinjprocedureprovidesinformationtooffendersconcerningassignmenttoandoperationof SpecialHousmgUnits.RefertoOgeratingProcedure425.4,ManagementofBedandCellAsslgnments
(Restricted),forsecurityconsideratlonsrelatingtoSpecialHousing.
B.AssignmenttoSpeciàlHousing
An offenderm ovedfrom generalapopulation intospecialhousingm ay beinitially assignedoneofthe follow ing su tuses:
a. GeneralDetentipn - authorized by the shiftcom m ander or aboye for the im mediate secure confinementofoffenderspending review foranappropriateassignm ent.
'
b. Pre-Hearing Detention - authorized by the shiR comm ander or above for the imm ediate confnementof oflbndersthathave been charged .w ith an offense under Operating Procedure
861.1,OyenderDiscipline,Institutions,areawaitingaDisciplinaryHearing,andareconsidered
tobeapotentialthreattopersonsorproperty,orforescape.
c; ' D isciplinary Segregation -'aher accepting a penalty offer for ' ' disciplinary

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OperatingPfoctdure:861.3

Oçtober1,j011

's.toeg.rr.gati,onodrisbceii.Lpnlginfaoruypdseggureil.gty'atoiofnviboyl./tihn:gtHheeacrfinfegnsdeOrffdkisecripilninaarèycop.rrdocaencd:ureWaitnhdOsepnetreantcipegd

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Procedure861.1,OyenderD.flcpWne,Institutions.

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. 2. Assignlenttopnyotherspecialhnusingstatujrequiresaformaldueprocesshearipgàndacyipnby

theIùjtitutipnalClpssilk>tionA utkority(ICA').

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3.Everysey:ndayspfanoffendey'diirsttwomonthsinSpeùialHousingahdevqry30daysthereaher,

tkhcevfSè'wpeùolfaal.lHloofufesinndg4rUslaisi'ts.tSgnuepdéwtoistohypoSrpedceisqiljHpeùçusFinigllUjepritfotorm.m.oan. Witoeyekthbe,a5/ppvrçoftp#ri'.Hatoénuessin:go.fStthaçtuses

stattlsçf..t4-ï253)lfafornialrev'iew ofthioffender'sstatus,is'war'rAnted,iheoffrnderwillbeserved notiçe of à heariùk'in'accordance With Upçrating Pfocedure j30.1,Facility Classecation

M ahdgement.

c.MentàlHeàithandMedic'àlR:viewsandCqre

'

Offenddqs should be screened by aQualiGed.MentalReàlthPrqfejsiönal(QMI'P)àeforetheir ,
placementprFitàinorleworkinjdayaftèiplacementinspdcialhousingsoanyççatrisk''offenders
m#ybéidentiGèdk' Atfacilities'wittlnoQVI!P;th:cbukselè'rornurseshouldscreeptheoffenderto

identià ifthtre.isanvindicationtheoffendermavbe$çatTisk''.Screeningshouldbùcondudedand

specialinstm
H ousing.

ctionsproyidedaccordingtoOperatingProcedure730.4,Of

.

'

K

ènders

N

/Risk''i'n

S'p'' ecialV'

2. Any offenderwith identifiéd m entalhealth problemsw ho is placed in specialhousing should be
monitoredperOperating Procedure730.5,M entalH ealth Services:SuicidePrevention andBehavior
Management,andOp:ratiàgProceduret20.1,AccesstoHealthServices.

3.Whenanoffenderistransferredfrom generalpopulationtospecialhousinj,healthcarepersonnel
w illbe inform ed im m ediately' to provide assessm ent and review as indlcated by the protocols establishedbytheeHealthAuthority.
D.Security and ControlofCohtraband

Al1segreqatedhousingareas,toipcludecellshousiilgoffendersidentifiedaspotentiallysuicidal,
havereadllyaccessibleequipm entandsuppliesnecessary inanemergency.

2.ItemsenteHngSpecialHousingUliitqaresearcjedtodetectandeliminatecontraband.

A strip search shallbe conducted on each offenderbefore exiting a SpecialHousing Unitcelland'

then a frisk search shallbe conducted imm ediately qftkr'restraints are applied and the offender

'

rem ovedfrom thecell.laddeu2/22/12)

a. W henevera specialhousing unitoffender is outside a secure area,such âs a cell,shower,or recreationm odule',restraintsandescortshallbeprovidedinaccordancewithOperatingProcedure
420.2,&JeofRestraintsandManagementofop ndersc/ll;ior..

b. A frisk search shallbe conducted priorto returningtheoffenderto a SpecialHousing Unitcell. (added 2/22/12)

4. Eachtim ean offendérm ovesoutofa SpecialHousing Unitcell,a thorough search and inspection willbeconductedanddocum ented beforeanqtheroffendérm ovesintothecell.

5. Each SpecialHousingUnitcellisinspectedwheneveran offenderisrem ovedfrom his/hercell. a. Thisinspection isageneralreview ofs'anitationconditionsandscanforcontraband.

b,The SpEcialHousing cellinspection m ay be conducted by one Corrections Oftscer and the offenderneed notbepresent.

6. ProtectiveCustody offendersare separated from known enem iesand from offendersin Pre-Hearing

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o ctober 1,20l1

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Deientionand ' DisciplinarySegregatiori.Suchoffendersmustbehousedinseparatecells
andhavenodirectcoptactunlessbothoffendersareinrestraintdw ithseparatesecutityescorts. '

E*LivingCondltionsandGeneralRequirementsfpiSpecialHousing .

1.Offelïdçràassignedtospecialhousingshouldbealloweébasiclivinglevilsofdecencyandhumane .
' tprreeaftçmrreendt.b'izOtnnoltnimti'aquliarsesdi)>.omneanvtatiloabslp'eecseia'rlvihcoeussa.inndg'''''.-.hoofWfentodeà'rcscàehssouthldemre'cineisypeecanialo'hrioeunstiantigo.n(written

2. Spjcialhopsing units provide living conditiohsthatapproximate those of the generaloffender

population;allexcrptionsareclearly documented throukhoutthi'soperatingprocedure. Special

housingcells/roomspermittheoffendersassignedtothem toconvefsewithandbeobservedbystaff

members.'(4-4140).

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3. Alloffendersinsegrygationihallbeprovided prescribedmedication,clothingthatijnotdegrading,

and accessto basic personalitemsforusb intheircellsunleksthere isjmminentdatlgerthatan

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offendetoianyothçroffenderts)willdestroyan item,uàeitasaweaponorinstp meniofescape,or

inducesélf-injury,(4-4261)

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4. W ithin th: resources available to the facility,unless security èr safety considerations dictaie

othem ise,offenders in specialhousing have'accessto educationalservices,comm issâry services,.

library services,socialservices',counseling services,religiousguidancw and recreationalpror ams.

(4-4273)

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5.Exceptionstonormallyjrovided.conditionsarepermittedonlywhenfoundnecessarybytheShiA
Comm and.er;anyeyceptlonisdocumented.(4-4265)

6. Specialhousing céllsorunitsshould bewellventilated,adequately lighted,appropriately heated and

% maintainedinasanitarycondition ataIltim es.

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7. NumberofOccupànts

a. Exceptinem ergencies,thenumberofoffendersconfmed to each cellorroom should notexceed

thenumberforwhichitisdesigned(usuallyoneoffenderpercell).

'

b.lncellswithproperequipment,suj.tableof'fendersmaybedoublebunked-'

c. Ifanem ergency createsexcessoccupancy intheSpecialHousingUnit,theFacilityUnitHead,or designee,should providetem porarywritten approvaltoexceed design capacity,and alleviatethe situationasprom ptlyaspossiblebyprovidingotherhousingforthepffenderssoconined.

8.'Clothing andBedding

'

a. Offendersassigned to specialhousing should dressin Stateissue clothing and befurnished w ith
clothingandbeddinginaccordancewithOperatingPfocedure802.1,OyenderProperty.

b. Upon arrival in the SpecialHousing Unit alloffenders'personalclothing will be rem oved; offenderswillbestripsearchedand issued appropriateclothing.

c. Atleqstthree tim eàperw eek,clean clothesshould be imm ediately availablewhen dirty clothes aretakenoffto bewashed.

d. Cleanwashcloth andtowelwillbeissuedpnaone-for-oneexchangebasisatshowertime.

e. Linenswillbeexchangedw eekly.Blanketsw illbeexchangedasneeded.

9. PersonalProperty
a. Offendersin specialhousingshouldbe allowedto keep pnly thoseitem sallowedfortheirstatus
inaccordancewithOperatingProcedure802.1,OyendçrProperty.
J
b.A Corrections Officer and the offender,ortwo Corrections Officersin the offender's absence,

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OperatingProcedure:861.3 Oçtober1,2011

w ill inventory all personal property item s in accordance w ith 'Operating Procedure 802.1,
OyenderProperty.

Tgeoffenderwillbegivenacopyofhispropertyinventory andwillsignforaIlpropertyissuçd

.

whileinspecialhousing.

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d.Al1othrritemsofoffenderpersonal'proàertythatwerenotissuedtothe.offender,butareallowed

atthe offender's security leveland currentfacility,w illbe stored upon assignmentto special

hpusing,inatcordanqewithOperatingProcedure802.19OyenderProperty.

e. The offendermustrequestin writing,any authorized personalproperty thatwa.s stored and not
initiallyisquedtotheoffender(i.e.hygieneitèmstoreplaceitemsthathavebeenconsumed).AlI
property taken from the offender's property storage and delivered to the'offender w ill be . documentedontheinitialinyentoryform completedwhentheoffenderwasinitiallyplacedinthe
jpecialHousingUnit.

Offindèrsin specialhousingwillnotbealloped to purchaseany propérty eithertllroughthe
Cgymissaryoranoutsidevendérthatisnotspecificallyauthorizedtooffendersforpossesslonin
thelrassigned status. Any pre-approved item ofpersonalproperty which isreceived while the
offeùderisinspecialhousing;butwhich isnotspecitkally authorizedfortheoffender'sstqtus,
w illbeheld in PersonalProperty and notijsuedtotheoffender.'l'heoffenderwillbenotified of
the receiptof property item sby PersonalProperty staffvia the PersonalProperty Request-
AdsDrop. OffqnderswillnotV allowedto view,try-on,orexarhinethisproperty while
assignedtospecialhousing.

g.Whenanoffenderisdischargedfrom specialhousing,theSjecialHousingUnitSupervisorwill
benotified andw illhavetheoffender'spropertyready to belssuedw hrn theoffenderisreleased.. Theoffenderw illsignforthepropertywhenissued.

10. M edical/M entalHealth Càre N0 0ffenderw illbe denied necessary orproperm edical dental,and ormentalhealth carew hile '
,
inspecialhousing.
b.M edicalrequests,m edicalstaffvisits,andm edicationsadm inistered orrefusedshallberecorded.

M edicalservices should be provided in accordance with Operating Procedure 720.2,M edical
Screening,Clàssscation,andLevels/./'Care,andOperatingProcedure720.1,AccesstoHealth
uo rvsga,
d. ''Atrisk''offendersshould be identified and m onitored in accordance with Operating Procedure
730.4,Ofenders'W/Risk''inSpecialHousing.
Unlessm edicalattention isneededm orefrequently,each offenderinspecialhousingshallreceive'
adailyvisitfrom ahealthcareprovider(notrequiredforfacilitiesthatdonothavemedicalstaff on duty on weekends). Thevisitensuresthatoffendershaveaccessto thehealth caresystem.
The presence of a health care provider in sp'ecialhousing is announced and recorded. n e
frequency ofphysicianvisitstospecialhousing unitsisdeterminedbythehealth authority.(44400#4-4258)'
.
f. Offenders should request'dentalservices ifneeded. Dentalstaff willdetenpine the need to providedentalcarewhiletheoffenderisinspecialhousing.
g.Prescribed m edications will bi provided in accordance with Operating Procedure 720.5, Pharmacy Services.

l1.AQMHPwillpersonallyinterview inaccordancewithOperatingProcedure730.4,Oyenders''At
Risk''in SpecialH ousing,any offenderremaining in speciql'housing form orethan 30 days. If
confinementcontinuesbeyond30days,amentalhealthassessmentbyaQM HP ismadeatleast everythreemonthsandmorefrequentlyifprescribedbythechiefmedicalauthority.(4-4256)

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Operating Procedure:861.3 October1,201.1

1 1. Supervlsion

a.kachoftenderinspçcialhousingshorldbecheckedtwiceper.hqur',nomorethan40minutes

apart,

'' 'oh an lrregularschedule by acorrectionsoftk er,with each check

docum ented. Offenderswho areviolentorm entally disordqred orw ho dim onstrate gip sual, or
bizarie behavioireceivemprefrequrntobserkaiion;suiçjdaloffendersareundercontipuing

observation inaccqrdancuwith OperatinjPmceduretjà.5,'MenialHealtâ services:suicide

PrqkentionandSeàcvforManagement.(4/4257)(changed12/19/12)

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b.In àddition to supervisipn jrovided by the unitoflkers,the SpecialHousing Unitshèuld be . visiteàdailybytheShiR Cqmm'ander4rhigherauthority.n evisitshouldbeèoùumented.(4-

4258)

l2. Food

a.Offçpdersassignedtospecialhpusingshouldrtceiveth>ssmenumberandtypeofmealsserved .

. thègeneralpopulajon.

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b.Food may notbeused asa jisciplinary measure. Punitivediets(i.e.,bread andwater)for

offendersareprohibited.(4.4320)

c. W henevertheoffenderrefusesto eat arecordshouldbem adeon theSpecialHousing Individual z/g. '

d.OffenderswhorefusetoeatwillbemanagedinaccordancewithOgeratingProcedure420.2,Use ' ofRestraintsandManàgementof D-#àa#crBehaviorandOperatlngProcedure730.5,Mental
HealthServicer 'suicid?Preventionand'BehaviorM anagement.

e. Offenderswho abuse thekaysorfood productsserved to them p illbem anaged in accordance

.

withOperatingProcedure420.2,UseofRestraintsandManagementofoyenderBehavior..

l3. PersonalHygiene

a. Offendersinspecialhousingreceive laundry,barbering,andhaircareservicesand areissued and

exchanjeclothing,Sedding,andlinenonthesamebasisasoffendersinthegeneralpopulation.
Eyceptlonsarepermitted only when foundnecessary by theshiftcommander;anyexception is

documented.(4-4263)

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b. Offendersassignedtospecialhousingshould havetheopportim ity tospongebathewhenrverthey

choose. n ey shouldbepermittedtoshowerandshavenotlessthanthreetimiseachweek.(4- '

4262)

c.'Theoffenderisallowedtopossessthepersonalhygieneitemsauthorizedfortheassijnedstatus inOperatingProcedure802.1,Op nderProperty.Iftheoffenderdoesnothavebaslcpersonal hygieneitemsandisindigeht,thefacilityshouldfzrnishthem.,

d.n e i-acility should provide security toothbrushes. Personaltoothbrushesare generally not

' allowedsincetheym ay be used asweapons.

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e. No oilsorIotionsshouldbeallowed,exceptprayeroil.

f. Offçndersassigned to specialhousing and certain mentalhealth units should beprovided razors

by the faciliiy. Personalrazorsshould notbeallowed. Thetype ofrazorshould beconsistent

withthesecurity levelofthefacility.

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W hen disposablerazors areprovided,thefacility shouldassuretheoffenderdoesnotdeskoy therazorand usethebladeto createaweapon orto c'auseself-harm .Staffshould inspecttlle

razoraqerusetoensuretheoffenderhasnottam peredw ith therazorand theblade ispresent. n e facility.shalluse an accountability jystem to ensure the sam e disposable razor is not issuedtom orethan oneoffehder.

ii. Ifthe facility provideselectric razors,they should becordlesswith rem ovablecutting heads.

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UperatingPiocedure:861.3
October1,2011

Csp.uitttaibnlg*e'#''dheisaidhsfeacttldapstcirneeanc.cço.orvdearnscesh.wonitlàdmbeaahs.uafnaictitzuerdera'sfl.einrsetpacchtiuojneà.by

soaking

ina solutioùof (j; . ..

g.Offendifswillbeescortedlirectlytoahdfrom tlieshowers.Offendçrsshöuldbealloweàtotake

.

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onlytàeminimum items'needed.

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h. Bq'rber'.in'k'''' .Servicess.h'ouldzbe.qkqilab. leop' ar'e'g'''''ulgr.bad'is.

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14 Corm spondepce

a.Udenders.çont=ine.d to spe.ciqlhoùsing aresubjecttothesamemailregulationsand priyileges,
including seliding and receivlng legalmail,.as offendçrs'ajsignid to gùniralpopulation in .
MCCOC(1anceY/iyilOpçratingPtocrdurù803.1,Op ndebCorreuç/tw#chçé,eyceptthatoffendersip

specjial'vhousirigwillnotrecri've' thrcontentjofpackpjesunlessappmvedbytheFacilil Uqit

Heà ...44-4266) .

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b.:eDkijseanppseroovfedthielemofsfemndayerboersttohrredseihfdaeprp,roorveddisfpoorsGedepoifrjlnPàocpèuolardtiapipw,ereWtuirtiizleOdptoçrtahteinsgenPdmerceadtuthree .

842..1,OyendérProperty.

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15.A ccesstpLegalServices
a! Offendersassigned to specialhousing willnotbe prohibited from conducting litigation on their ow nbehalf.

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b.Offenders assigned to special housing should be afforded access to facility legal services

.

including the Facility Attorney and the use of Law Library materials in accordance with

OperatingProcedure866.3,Op nderLegalAccess. Offendérsbeingplacedirispecialhousing

shouldbe.providedinformâtiononhow toaccesslegalsprvices..(4-4268)

c. Attprney visits and legal.callsareAddresseà in theVisitation andTelephonesectionsofthis
operating procedure.

1
.16. V isitation

a. OffendersinSpecialH ousinghaveppportunitiesforvisitationunlesstherearesubsta'ntialreasons

forwithholdingsuchprivileges.(4-4267)

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b. Thevisitationscheduleforoffenders'inspecialhousingshouldbeestablishedbytheFacility Unit

Head asperm ittedby availablestaffapd facilities.

c. V isitation in specialhousingw illbenon-contactunlessapprovedby theFacilityUnitHead.

d.A mu imum ofonevisitperweekforoneliourwithnomorethanfivepersonsshouldbegranted
to offendersinsegregation. Som efacilitiesmaysetalowefIim itonthenumberofvisitorsdueto
spacelim itations.
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e. Attorney visitsto alioffenderin specialhousihg shalloccurduring norm alworking hoursqfthe
.facilityunlessotherwise'approvedbytheFacilityUnitHeadordesilnee. Attorniysshallbe
askedtopresentproperidentificaiionbeforebeingadmittedtoth:facllityandthevlsitwillbe conduct:dinaccordancewithOperatingProcéduret51.1,YisitingPrivileges.

17. Com m issary
a. Orders should be taken at least3 times per m opth oq scheduled days. Offenders in special hpusing arealloweda$40.00 spendIim itpermonth.
b*Glass;metal,andotherhazardouscontainersorproductsmayberestriciedifde'terminedby the
facilitytoposeariskto security,N ooilsorlotionsshould beallowed,exceptprayeroil.

c.securitywritinginstrumentsshouldbejrovidédbythefacility.Longterm segregationfacilities
mayrequireoffendeystopurchasesecurlW writinginstnlmentsahertheinitialissue.

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d.A listpf.approved Commissary itemsforspecialhousipgoffendersshouldbeavailableip the

SpecialHousingU nit. '

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t

18. Exercise'

. .

a. Specialhopsingoffendersshoqld be alldweda m inimum ofone hourofoutofcellexercise five.

separate daysjerwiek in a supervised area,unles'sseèprlty orsafety considerationy diciate

otherWike.(4-4270)

.

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b Durknjperiodsoftotatfacilitylùckdown,otltofcellexerciiemayalsobesuspendedfor'spçcial ' hoilsinjoffenders. '

t. A recordw illbem adeany tim eeyerciseisgivenorreftised.

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19. Tdlephone

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a.Offendçrsassigneltospecialhpusing(exce/ pre-hevingdetentionand' ' disèiplinary
'
sejrekation)shouldbepermigedto placetwotelephonec>lls.petmopth in açcordancewith

OperatingProcedure803.3,Om nderTelephpnçServfcd.(4-4271) . '. '

b.Offendersbeing placed in specialhousipg shöuldbeproyidedhdormàtion onhow to access

telephoneservicesincluding ligâlandemefgency calls. '

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20. Counselingaservices

Offendersbeinj placed'in specialhousing shorld be provided information on how to access
counselingservlcesuponrequestandforemergencles.(4-4258)

21. EducationalandLibrazy Book Services

.

.

a.öffendersassignedto specialhousingwillhaveaccess'toeducationalservicesasdeterminedby
theDCE Principal

' b.Offendersassignedtosegregationwillhaveaccesstolibrarybooksforpersonaluse.(4-4269)

.

22. ReligiousGuidance .

'

a).Offendersassianedtospecialhousing willhaveaccessto religlousauidance. OffendersbeinM

'

p11 laced

in

sn21kecialh..ousin1zk..:/'should

beprovidedlnformation .

on

how

to

accesstheChaplain

or other

available religious services

.-

b.Visitsfrom spiritualleaders m éy be requested in accordance with Operating Procedure 851.1,

Visiting PriMileges.

' '

v1. GENERALD/TENTION

A .GeneralDeteniionAssignmentand ClassiscationProcess

.

'

/

1.GeneralDetentionmaybeutilizedfortheimmediatesecur:confinementofanoffenderpending

investigation ofaposslble crim inalorfacility.ruleviolation,when the offenderisconsideredto bea

potentialthreatto persons or property,orwhen an offenderrequires personalprotection and no

reasonable alternative is available.

. ,

2.OnlytheShi;Commanderorahigherauthoritymayauthorizeanpffender'splacementinGeneral

Detention.

The

Facility

UnitHead

or otherAdminlstrative Duty .

Oflicershallrevi.ew

this action

within72hoursoftheoffender'splacementonGeneralDetention.(4-4250) '

.

.

3. In cases when protective custody is requested,ihe Shih Comm ander should attem pt to ;nd a'

.

.

reasonable alternativeto assignm entto theSpecialHousing'Unit. Iftheneed forprotecsivecustody '

is documented and no altem ative exists,the shiftCommanderëhallauthorize the offender's

'

.

assignmenttoGeneralDetentionstams.(4-4251) '

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OperatingPrcceàpre:861,3

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october1,2û11

C .
. 4.Offendersshouldb:screenedbyaQsupbeforetheirplacementorwitjjnoneForkjugdayajur , placementinGeneralDitentionsèthatany''atrisk''. offendefsm ay beidentiGed. Atfacilitieswith
noQM IIP,thecounselqrornufsçsàouldscreentheoffendertoidentifyifthereisanyindicationthe

'

offqnderm ày beRatrijk''*

.

.

5.. An'offenderemay not be held in GeneralDètention forlongerthan three workihg days. Unless '

assighed tö a neW housing statusby the ICA,the offenderwillreved to the previoushousing

' .assigpmeàtAfterthreeworkingdaysinGeneratDetentioh.

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6.TheICA jhallconductafprmalreviewfprdeterminationofapprogriatehousingassignmentwithin

t. thre:e'wörkiligdajsoftheoffqùderbeinjplacedonGeàéral.D..4tentlop..TheICA may.poire-assign.
theöffenderto GenerqlD étentlop.Posslbleappropriatehousingassignl entsare:

a.Reiur'ntoth:generalpopulatipn
. b.Ajpignme.nttoPre-HearingDetentionjjacj:argejs.sewed

c@Asiignmentto Segregation..

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.

7.TheICA may asiijn an offendertù Segregation fo*irivestigation ofthe matiertàatcaused the

offeùdertobeplacèdo'nGeneralDqtehtion. Anoffendermaynotbeheld ininvestigativestatus

beyond
Unlt

' 15workdaysuhlesstheyarebeinginvestlgatedbytheSpecialInvestigations

' .(corrictud11/15/13,charmed4/2/14)

' '

B.ConditionsforGeneralDetention

'

1. Unless offender behaviors warraritthe removalof specifk property items or denialof specific activities,Conditions for GeneralDetenyion shallconform to the Living Conditions for Special Housinglistedabove.
'
2. Ifanynormally allow edspeciicproperty item oractivity isdenied,itmustbedocum ented. ,

V
.

1.I.-J

PRE.H

EARING

DETEN

TION
.

.

A.'Pre-HearingDetentionA ssignm entandClassifcationProcess

.
.

1.Assignmentto Pre-Hearing Detentipn ma( be madewheh an offenderhasbeen qharged with

violation of an offense in accordance wlth Operating Procedure 861.1,Oyender Discèline,

Institutionsisawaiting aD isciplinary Hearing andisconsidered tobeapètentialtllreattopersonsor

property.

' .

2.Pre-Hearin!DetentioncanonlybeauthorizedbytheShih Commqnderorahigherauthority.n e
FaiilityUnltHeadorotherAdministratiyeDutyOflksrshallreview thisactionwithin72houtsof theoffender'splacem enton Pre-HearingDetention.

. 3. OffendersshouldbescreenedbyaQMI'P beforitheirplacement'orwithin oneworkingday aher
placem enton Pre-Hearing Detention so thatany ''atrisk''offendersm ay beidentised. Atfacilities
with no QM 11P,.the counselor ornurse should screen the offenderto identify ifthere is any
indicationtheoffenderm aybeççatrisk''.

4. An offenderm'ay notbe'held in Pre-Hearing Detention forIongerthanthree working dayswithout being form ally reviewed by the ICA in accordance w ith Operating Procedure 830.1,Facility
Class@cationM anagement,todetermineifthe'offendercontinuestobeathreattopersons,property,
or security.

a. The ICA should m ake a recommendation to return the offenderto the gtneralpopulation or

continuetheoffenderin Pre-HearingDetentionstatusuntilhereceivesaDisciplinaryHearing.

'

b.Themaxim um totalperiod in Pre-HearingDetention shallnotexceedfifteendays.

.

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oper. atingProqeduri:'jf1.J

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octpber1,k()11 .

.

c.Iftlie Disciplinary.Hearing is notheld Within fiheen days ofthù beginninj of Je-Héating

. Detentipn,the1CA mustcoilductaformalhearingtodetermineiftlieoffeùdershoulbbeasslgned .

. toSe'gregationprreleajeptqgeneral'popujàtion. .

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''*'.' ...''''' . ..

, . .. . ' '

.1 .

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B.ConLitippqforPre-RearingDetentipn arethé qameajfor ' Disciplinary Segregation (see

.

.

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SectibnVIII,B.,bélow)

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.'' .

VI1I. .

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).

D è àLINAt:Y IS I .
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jt:LjREGATION

.' . .

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A. .

' DisciplinarytigrpgptioliAssignmentProcess

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<.

l, t'hi.IN' ''à.'rihDgisscOip*ffliiùcae.rr.'y''haSsig.'*f'@'èreug'.''n'''.adt. igp'lùiilitsyaofdr.fisa.ccii'sp-liltiynarru'y.'lemveioaslautmjonu.s.e.dOffoferntdheersm.manajag...o.enmlyenbte.oaf.sosifgfenneddetrös

'

.' .Dià'cipab lina&.*'

SekM--rea--'àt'ion

in
'

acèordance .

with .

.Opzki. ratinah-#

Procedure

861.1, Ofender .

.

Discèlinè,Institutiohs.(4-4252)

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2.Offdndefàmaybeàssignedto

'
.fpreach

m

âl..ö. r- ru'le

--
viol>tion.

'

DisciplinarySegregationforamiximttm

' ''' ' '''

- ''''

'p''eripkof. 30dayà.

.

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.

.

.

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'

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,. 3.Wjjù'n an offenderhas'm ore than ope . Discipliàary Segw gatibh jentence to serve,aher .

' serving30pönsecutiv:daysfriortoservinganysubsequénts:ntence,theoffenderwillbegivena

restper1odof15consecutivedaysbeforebuingplpcedbackin ' ' dipciplinarysegregation.(4-

4255)

4.Offendersmayberetumedtothegeneralpopulation,ifappropfiate,duringtherestperiodsbe- een .
lnnlnAl'n!nD isclplinary Segregation jentences,orm ay be reviewed.by the ICA in a form alhearing

held in accordalke with Operating Procedure 830.1,Facility Classscation Manayement,for
assignnientto .segregatiop during the restperiods. Offenders assigned to Segregatlon betwèen ' sentericesshouldbeprov'idedthesameprivilegesasotheroffendersassignedto Sem egation.

n

r

.

.

.

5, W hen computingtimeforthoseoffeùdersassignedto ' Disciplinary Segregation and Pre-

HearingDetention,theday ofadm ittanceshallcountasonedayand theday ofreleasçshallcouptas
'
one day.

B.Offenderson Pre-Hearing Deiention orserving an lnnlrelnc Disciplinary Segregation sentence are

subjectto the same Iiving conditionsas otheroffenders in specialhousing with the.following

exceptions:

'

1. ClothingandBedding

. '

'

.

,

.

'

Beddingmayberemovedduringthedaytimehours.Iriplaceofbedding,achairshouldbeplacedin

the cell.

'

2. PersonalProperty .

'
Offenderson Pre-Hearing D etention orin g Disciplinary Segrégation should be allowed to

'

keep onlythose item slistéd forPre-llearingDetention and ' Disciplinary Segregation status

inOpefâtingProcedure802.1,OyenderProperty , ,

3. PersonalHygiene

. .

. Ifthe offender is indigentand does nothave the personalhygiene itenis listed for Pre-Hearing

Detention an'd ' Disciplinary Segregationstatusin Operating Procedure 802.1,Ofender

Property,thefacility shouldfurnish them .

.

4. Visitation

'

'

a. Offenders on Prr-Hearing Detention or in. ' Disciplinary Segregation w illforfeit the

privileges of m ceiving visits from relatives and friends; however, under exqeptional

circum stances,perm issionm ay beobtainedfrom theFacilityUnitHead f0rsuchvisits.

.

.

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OperatingProcedvre:86l.3 Octèber1,201l

b Attbrn'ey yisitsto an offenderin on PrerHearing Detention or ' Disciplinafy Segrégatipn
m@ynbtberestrictedandattèrneysshouldbeallowedaccesstotheoffendeiinaicordancewith .
OperqtinéProçedure851:1,nsitingprivileges.

.
.
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Coémissary

' '

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.
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a.OffiàdqrjphPré-llearingDetbntioporin ' DisciplinarySegrçgationam iimitedtothe

pufdliaseofneceqsarylejalsupjlies,perso/alhygieneitemj,andOTCmidications.

. '

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: .

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b.A 'liptofapprpved Commisp/ itemsfor.Prè-Hearing Dçtentidn and ' Disçiplinary

c.' .lse:gcui.erijiy>tiwpnrltoifnf'genk.ndes.i'ir'su'Fm' ielnlk' tb;esaikvèâui'ilda.bàl'eei'gflrot.hvrid'Sepk.eàcyia.lthHeofua'kciin'ligty'U.nLi'to.ngte=,'segre'gationfac:il'ities ,
payrequifeoffenderstpjufchasesecùrltywritinginstnimentsaûertheinitialissue.

.

:

. .

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6. Telepàoqe

. .

.

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a.
.

Offçtlder:onPre-l-leiiiqgDrtentionorqszignùdtoT--x1n+1'x-

be>fêprdedpersöhaltelepà4nep. rivilej. e. s.. .

.

.

Disciplinary '

jegregation should not.

.

.

,

.

.

b öflkpdersbeinjklacedonlye-llearingDetentionorin' ' DisciklinarySejregationstatus
should beprovided ihformatpn on how to accesstheoffendertelephonesystem forplacing legal

andelperjencycalls.(4-4272)

IX. StGREGATION

A.SegregationClassitk ationProcéss

Segregationisnotadisciplinarymeasurebutameansofcustodial-orproiectivecontrol.Segregation
consistsofpersonalprotection and custodialmanagementmeasuresexercised by thefacility foithe welfareoftheoffenderorthefacility,orb0th.

2.Offendèrâmayonly be+qsignebtoSegreg'ationbythe1CA aqeradueprocesshearingheld in * accordancewithOperatingProcedure830.1,FacilityClaasscationManagement.

3. 'I'he offender's behévior and attitude will be observe'd and evaluated during assignment to

S egrega tion .

'

'

4. A noffendermay notbeheld ih Segregationin investigativestatusbeyond unless the offender is being investigated by the Special Investigations Unit
. (correctedl1/15/13,chanaed4/2/14)

15work days

'

'

'

.

DuringtheassignmenttoSegregation,thepffenderstatuswillbeformallyreviewedby theICA at
Ieastonce every 90 days.(4-4254) n e1CA willformally revie'w the offender'sadlustmentand ,

behaviorin accordancewith OperatingProcedure 830.1,Facility Class@cationM anagement,and

detenninewhetherto recomm endthattheoffendercontinue in Segregqtion forasubsequeptperiod

ofupto90 daysofbeassignedtothegeberalpopulationk

a.

The ICA

should

base

its recomm

N
endation

on

consideration.

of the remson

fortheassignment,the

offender'sbehavior,andtheprogressmadetowardcaseplanobjectives. .

b.n eICA shoulddeteq inewhethertheoffenderisathreattosecurityoriftheoffendermaybein

dangerduetoenem iesm thegeneralpopulation.

'

c. Ifappropriate,o'ffendersm ay be managed in Segregation pending approvalforand transferto a ProtectiveCustody Uhit.

d. TheICA m ay recomm end atransferto anotherfacility when return to thç generalpopulation in ' thesamefacility isnotappropriite.

6. AdministmtiveICA hearingsmay beconducted atthefacilityjsdiscretion atan'y tim ea significant '

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v

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Operating Procedure:861.3

.

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. oçtober1,201l

.
' .

changeinqircumstancesortheoffenher'sbehaviorwarrantsareview inaccèrdancewith Operating

Procedure830,1,FacilityClassncationManagement.

. '

. '

7.W hen the ICA determ ines that an offender's tehavioror circùmstances no longtr warranta ' segregatedstatus,areéommenkationfortheoffender'sreleasetogeneralpopulatio'nshouldbemadé.

a. Upon com pletioù ofthe ICA hiaringsdocket,theFacility UnitH ead orAjsistantFacility Unit

Head(orAdministrativéDutyOfficerintheirabsence)wtllreview tlieICA'!recommendation

forrelease. '

.

'

.

>

.

b. Ifthe ICA recomm endation is approved,the offenderw ill.rem ain on segregation status until.

movedto GeneralPopulation.TheRecordsM anagerordesigneew illscheduletheoffendertobe

m

oved

into'Ge'neralPopœ ulasion
.

u'*pon

availabilitv *''

of bed

sn'* ace.(-addced2/22/12-)

.:

c. Ifthe ICA recomm endation isdisappfoved,the offenderw illrem ain in segregation and recçike

- anotherform alreview withinthenext90 days. k

B.'ConditionsofSegregation

.
'

1. Unless offender behaviors warrantthe removalof specitk property ilem s or denialof specific
'
activities,ConditioùsforSegrègatipn shallconform to the Living ConditionsforSpecialHousing

'

listed above.

'

2. Ifany norm ally allowH specifcpropertyitem oractivity isdenied,itmustbedocum ented-

X.MENTM FIEALTH HOLD Ac M EDICAL HOLD

A.MentalHealthHoldandM edicalHoldarespecialtypesofSegregationassignedbytheICA. . .

B.W hen M entalHealth orM edicalstaffdeterm inethatan offendershouldbeplaced in specialhousingto

protectthe offender or the generalpopulation they may request to the ShiR.Com mander that the

offenderbeplacedon GeneralDetention.

.' '

C.n e M entalHealth or M edicalstaff causing the offenderto be placed in GeneralDetention should advisethe1CA whethertheoffendershouldbeassignedtoSegregationorreleasedtogeneralpopulation
onreview oftheGeneralDetentionstatus.

' D.Ifan offenderisassilned to Segregation with MentalHealth.orMedicalHold,MentalHealth or
M edicalstaffm ustadvlsetheICA whentheoffenderhasrecoveredadequately tobereturned to general . population.

1. 'I'heICA should'thenhold anadm inis'kativereview forreleaseoftheoffendertogeneralpopulation.

2.Duringtheassignmentto SegregationwithM entalHealthorM edicalHold,theoffender.statuswill

'

be form allyreview ed by theICA atleastonceevery90days.

.

E.ConditionsforM entalHea1thHoldandM edicalHold -

1. Unlessoffenderbehaviorsormedical/m ent lhealth needsFarrantthe rem ovalofspecifc property

item sordenialof specitic activitiej,Conditions forM entalHealth Hold and M edicalHold shall

.

conform to theLivingConditionsforSpecialHousinglistedabovek

'

2. Ifany norm ally allowedspecificproperty item oractivityisdenied,itm ustbedocumente;

,..

.

n

F.The decision to assign offenders to m edicalobservation units,'infrm aries orm entalhealth units is> .

medicaldecisionto bem ade bythetreating physician accordingtoappropriatemedicalproceduresalid .

isnotgoverned bythisoperatingprocedure.

' .

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O peratingProcedure:861.3 Octob:r1,20ll

X1. REFERENCES

OpepiingProcedurek20.2,Us'eofRestraintsanduanagementofoyenderBehavior

.

.

.

2

. .

OperatingPrpcedure425.4,M anagementofBed'andCellAssignments

' .

'

,

OperatinjProcedure720.1,A.ctesstoH ea1thServices

OperatingProceduri726.2,M edicalScreening,Class6cation,andLevelsofcare

. ''

,

OperatingProcedure720.5,PharmacyServices

OperatingProcedure730.4,Ofenders/r/1/Rijk''faSpecialHousing
Operating,prpcedure730.5,M entalHealthé'ervfcez;SuicidePre'ventionandBehaviorM anagement .
OperatingProcedure802.1,OfenderProperty

OperatingProcedure803.1,OfenderCorrespondence OperqtingProcedure803.3,OfenàerTelephones'crvfce

OperatingProcedufe830.1,FacilityClassscationManagement
OperatingProcedure851.1,Visiting Privileges ' .

OperatingProcedure861.'1,OffenderDgcl//fae,Institutions

OperatingProcedure866.3,OfenderLegalAccess

OperatingProcedure920.6,ViolationofsupervisionConditions

'

M I. FO1lM CITA TION S

SnecialHousinz'IndivîdualLtv (425 F4) SnecialWatchLoz(425 F5)

M I1. REVIEW DATE

Theoffk eofprim ary responsibility shallreview thisoperating procedureannua'lly and re-write itno later thanOctober1,2014.

Theo-'ceofprimaryresponsibilityreviewedthisoperatingprocedukeinOctober2012andnochdngesare

neededatthistime.

.

Thet/A ceofprimaryresponsibilityreviewedthisoperatingprocedureinOctober2013and.nochankesare
needed atthistim e.

Jg'natur6cbm on6Fïâ

John M .Jabe,.DeputyDirectorofOperations

Jg'naturec'T y onT'j4
* .
M alcolm L.Taylor,ActingDeputyD irectorofCop m unityColw ctions

' .
PJag.eA15.o-f115 33
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DEPAOLA Plaintiff,
v.
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendant(s).

) ) Case No. 7:14CV00692 ) ) ) ORDER ) ) ) By: Robert S. Ballou ) United States Magistrate Judge ) )

This matter is before the court on plaintiff’s motion to compel. The court’s order of

October 29, 2015, directed defendants to respond to plaintiff’s interrogatories (ECF No. 40)

within 21 days of an order denying their motion to dismiss. The court denied the motion to

dismiss on May 18, 2016, and plaintiff alleges that defendants have yet to respond to his

interrogatories. Accordingly, it is now ORDERED that the motion to compel (ECF No. 51) is

GRANTED, to the extent that defendants are DIRECTED to respond to the motion and the

interrogatories within ten days from entry of this order.

The Clerk is directed to send a copy of this order to the plaintiff and to counsel of record

for the defendants.

Enter: June 29, 2016
/s/ Robert S. Ballou
Robert S. Ballou United States Magistrate Judge

J.A.- 137
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Roanoke Division

ERIC J. DEPAOLA,

)

)

Plaintiff,

)

)

v.

)

)

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF

)

CORRECTIONS, et al.,

)

)

Defendants.

)

Civil Action No. 7:14cv00692

RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO COMPEL Defendants Harold Clarke, David Robinson, G. K. Washington, and Randall Mathena, by counsel and in response to Plaintiff’s motion to compel (ECF No. 51), state that on July 8, 2016, undersigned counsel mailed to Plaintiff the Defendants’ Responses to Plaintiff’s First Interrogatories. See Ex. I. Undersigned counsel and his legal assistant communicated with numerous Virginia Department of Corrections (“VDOC”) employees in an effort to answer the interrogatories as fully as possible. This process took more time than anticipated. However, due to lack of documentation and information concerning the time periods at issue in the interrogatories, some of the interrogatories could not be fully answered. Defendants, by undersigned counsel, have in good faith answered Plaintiff’s First Interrogatories as fully as possible based on the documentation and information known to date.

J.A.- 138
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Respectfully submitted,
HAROLD CLARKE, DAVID ROBINSON, G. K. WASHINGTON, and RANDALL MATHENA
By: s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on the 8th day of July, 2016, I electronically filed the foregoing Response to Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel with the Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system, which will send a notification of such filing (NEF) to the following CM/ECF participants: N/A And I hereby certify that I have mailed by United States Postal Service the documents to the following non-CM/ECF participants: Eric J. DePaola, #1145137, Red Onion State Prison, Post Office Box 1900, Pound, Virginia 24279.

s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us
2
J.A.- 139
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J.A.- 140
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J.A.- 141
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J.A.- 142
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J.A.- 143
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J.A.- 144
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Roanoke Division

ERIC J. DEPAOLA,

)

)

Plaintiff,

)

)

v.

)

)

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF

)

CORRECTIONS, et al.,

)

)

Defendants.

)

Civil Action No. 7:14cv00692

SUPPLEMENTAL RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO COMPEL Defendants Harold Clarke, David Robinson, G. K. Washington, and Randall Mathena, by counsel, supplement their response to Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel (ECF No. 51) to state that undersigned counsel inadvertently failed to enclose with their discovery response (see ECF 64-1) documents identified as pages 001-008. As of the date of this supplemental response, those documents have been placed in the mail to Plaintiff.
Respectfully submitted, HAROLD CLARKE, DAVID ROBINSON, G. K. WASHINGTON, and RANDALL MATHENA

By: s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us

J.A.- 145
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that on the 11th day of July, 2016, I electronically filed the foregoing Supplemental Response to Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel with the Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system, which will send a notification of such filing (NEF) to the following CM/ECF participants: N/A And I hereby certify that I have mailed by United States Postal Service the documents to the following non-CM/ECF participants: Eric J. DePaola, #1145137, Red Onion State Prison, Post Office Box 1900, Pound, Virginia 24279.

s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us

J.A.- 146
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Roanoke Division

ERIC J. DEPAOLA,

)

)

Plaintiff,

)

)

v.

)

)

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF

)

CORRECTIONS, et al.,

)

)

Defendants.

)

Civil Action No. 7:14cv00692

ANSWER Defendants Virginia Department of Corrections (“VDOC”), Harold Clarke, David Robinson, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, G. K. Washington, Scott Richeson; Malcolm Taylor; Keith Dawkins; Dr. Eric Braen; Jim Parks; Henry Ponton; Earl Barksdale; George Hinkle; Elisabeth Thornton; J. Walrath; I. Hamilton; J. Artrip; T. Puryear; A. Gallihar; G. Baker; Michael Younce; Walter Swiney; Tori Raiford; Dwayne Turner; Stacy Day; Christopher Gilbert; Joe Fannin; Tony Adams; G. A. Adams; K. A. Sykes; R. Kegley, B. E. Stallard, and Dustin Jackson, by counsel, state as follows their Answer to the Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint (ECF No. 54).
FIRST DEFENSE Defendants deny that the present action is cognizable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 28 U.S.C. § 1343.

J.A.- 147
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SECOND DEFENSE Defendants deny that the Plaintiff has been denied any rights protected by the United States Constitution or any portion of the United States Code.
THIRD DEFENSE The Amended Complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.
FOURTH DEFENSE Defendants deny that the Plaintiff has suffered any cognizable injuries or damages as a result of any act or acts on the part of Defendants and demand strict proof thereof.
FIFTH DEFENSE Defendants allege and aver that, to the extent the Plaintiff has suffered any injuries or damages, such injuries or damages were due to an act or acts by the Plaintiff, or on the part of others not under the control of Defendants, and for whose conduct they are in no way responsible.
SIXTH DEFENSE Defendants deny that the Plaintiff has suffered the injuries and damages alleged and call for strict proof thereof.
SEVENTH DEFENSE Defendants deny that they are indebted to or liable to the Plaintiff in any sum whatsoever.
EIGHTH DEFENSE Defendants are immune from suit on this claim based upon the Eleventh Amendment and the discharge of their official duties.
NINTH DEFENSE Defendants are entitled to good faith or qualified immunity.

J.A.- 148
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TENTH DEFENSE To the extent that this claim alleges negligence on the part of Defendants, the claim is barred in this Court by the Eleventh Amendment.
ELEVENTH DEFENSE To the extent Plaintiff failed to claim any direct involvement on the part of Defendants in any of the acts or omissions complained of, such claim must fail since respondeat superior is not available in an action under 42 U.S.C § 1983.
TWELFTH DEFENSE The Plaintiff failed to exhaust, either in whole or in part, his administrative remedies, as required by 42 U.S.C. § 1997e. As to the factual allegations as stated against Defendants in the numbered paragraphs Amended Complaint, Defendants state as follows: 1. The allegation states a legal conclusion to which no response is required. 2. The allegation states a legal conclusion to which no response is required. 3. Admit. 4. Admit the allegations in Paragraph 4, except the allegation that “stated violations took place pursuant to VDOC policy and procedure” and thus deny this allegation. 5. Admit that Clarke is the VDOC Director. 6. Admit that Robinson is the VDOC Chief of Corrections Operations. 7. Admit that Washington is the VDOC Western Region Operations Chief and signed OP 830.A. 8. Admit that Richeson is the VDOC Reentry and Programs Director. 9. Admit that Taylor is the VDOC Central Regional Director.

J.A.- 149
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10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Services. 18. 830.A. 19. 20. 21. Prison. 22. 23. Prison. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

Admit that Dawkins is a VDOC employee. Admit that Braen is a VDOC employee. Admit that Parks is a VDOC employee. Admit that Ponton is VDOC Western Regional Administrator. Admit that Mathena was warden of Red Onion State Prison and signed OP 830.A. Admit that Barksdale is the warden of Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Hinkle is the VDOC Eastern Regional Director. Admit that Thornton is a VDOC employee assigned to Offender Management
Admit that Holloway was the warden of Wallens Ridge State Prison and signed OP
Admit that Walrath was Assistant Warden of Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Hamilton was Assistant Warden of Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Puryear was Evidence Based Practices manager at Red Onion State
Admit that Artrip is Assistant Warden at Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Gallihar is the Chief of Housing and Programming at Red Onion State
Admit that Baker is the Institutional Programs Manager at Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Younce is a Unit Manager at Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Swiney is a Unit Manager at Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Raiford was a Unit Manager at Red Onion State Prison. Admit that Turner was a Unit Manager at Red Onion State Prison.

J.A.- 150
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29. Admit that Day is a Building Supervisor and Lieutenant at Red Onion State Prison. 30. Admit that Gilbert is a Building Supervisor and Lieutenant at Red Onion State Prison. 31. Admit that Fannin is the Institutional Investigator at Red Onion State Prison. 32. Admit that Tony Adams is a Building Supervisor at Red Onion State Prison. 33. Admit that G. A. Adams is a Building Supervisor and Lieutenant at Red Onion State Prison. 34. Admit that Sykes is a Counselor at Red Onion State Prison. 35. Admit that Kegley is a Counselor at Red Onion State Prison. 36. Admit that Stallard is a Counselor at Red Onion State Prison. 37. Admit that Jackson was a Counselor at Red Onion State Prison. 38. The allegation states a legal conclusion to which no response is required. 39. Deny. 40. Deny. 41. Deny. 42. Admit that OP 830.A applies to IM and SM offenders at Red Onion State Prison and Wallens Ridge State Prison and that Plaintiff is a IM offender classified as Security Level S at Red Onion State Prison. 43. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 44. Deny. 45. Deny. 46. Deny.

J.A.- 151
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47. Deny. 48. Deny. 49. Admit. 50. Deny. 51. Admit that IM offenders are housed in segregation. 52. Admit. 53. Defendants incorporate their answers to paragraphs 1-52 as if fully stated herein. 54. Admit. 55. Admit. 56. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 57. Admit that prisoners assigned to segregation at Red Onion State Prison and Wallens Ridge State Prison are reviewed for security classification pursuant applicable VDOC operating procedures and that Plaintiff is currently assigned to segregation at Red Onion State Prison. 58. Admit. 59. Deny. 60. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 61. Deny. 62. Deny. 63. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 64. Deny.

J.A.- 152
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65. Deny. 66. Admit. 67. Admit. 68. Deny. 69. Deny. 70. Deny. 71. Admit. 72. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 73. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 74. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 75. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 76. Deny. 77. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 78. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 79. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations.

J.A.- 153
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80. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations.
81. Admit. 82. Defendants admit the allegations, except for the allegation that “During time Pl. has been in prison he has only had the above stated major incident involving violence” which Defendants lack sufficient information to admit or deny. 83. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 84. Defendants lack sufficient information and knowledge to admit or deny the allegations. 85. Admit that Plaintiff was assigned to Special Management in October 2012. 86. Admit that Plaintiff was assigned to Intensive Management on November 8, 2012. 87. Admit that Plaintiff was assigned to Intensive Management SL6 on August 9, 2013. 88. Deny. 89. Deny. 90. Deny. 91. Deny. 92. Deny. 93. Deny. 94. Deny. 95. No response required. 96. Defendants deny all allegations not specifically admitted or inconsistent with the answers stated herein.

J.A.- 154
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Defendants will rely on any and all other properly available defenses to the Amended
Complaint which may arise from the Plaintiff's prosecution of this action and reserve the right to
amend this Answer if at any time they should be so advised.
Respectfully submitted,
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, et al.
By: s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on the 28th day of July, 2016, I electronically filed the foregoing
Answer with the Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system, which will send a notification of
such filing (NEF) to the following CM/ECF participants: N/A
And I hereby certify that I have mailed by United States Postal Service the documents to
the following non-CM/ECF participants: Eric J. DePaola, #1145137, Red Onion State Prison,
Post Office Box 1900, Pound, Virginia 24279.
s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us
J.A.- 155
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
Roanoke Division

ERIC J. DEPAOLA,

)

)

Plaintiff,

)

)

v.

)

)

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF

)

CORRECTIONS, et al.,

)

)

Defendants.

)

Civil Action No. 7:14cv00692

MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT Defendants Virginia Department of Corrections, Harold Clarke, David Robinson, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, G. K. Washington, Scott Richeson; Malcolm Taylor; Keith Dawkins; Dr. Eric Braen; Jim Parks; Henry Ponton; Earl Barksdale; George Hinkle; Elisabeth Thornton; J. Walrath; I. Hamilton; J. Artrip; T. Puryear; A. Gallihar; G. Baker; Michael Younce; Walter Swiney; Tori Raiford; Dwayne Turner; Stacy Day; Christopher Gilbert; Joe Fannin; Tony Adams; G. A. Adams; K. A. Sykes; R. Kegley, B. E. Stallard, and Dustin Jackson, by counsel and pursuant to Rule 56, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, respectfully move this Honorable Court for summary judgment. The reasons for this Motion are more fully set forth in the accompanying Memorandum.
Respectfully submitted, VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, et al.

J.A.- 156
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By: s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on the 28th day of July, 2016, I electronically filed the foregoing
Motion for Summary Judgment with the Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system, which
will send a notification of such filing (NEF) to the following CM/ECF participants: N/A
And I hereby certify that I have mailed by United States Postal Service the documents to
the following non-CM/ECF participants: Eric J. DePaola, #1145137, Red Onion State Prison,
Post Office Box 1900, Pound, Virginia 24279.
s/ J. Michael Parsons J. Michael Parsons, AAG II, VSB #68520 Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 North Ninth Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 Phone: (804) 786-0046 Fax: (804) 786-4239 jparsons@oag.state.va.us

J.A.- 157
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J.A.- 158
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J.A.- 159
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J.A.- 160
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J.A.- 161
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J.A.- 162
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

Eric J. DePaola,

Plaintiff,

v.

Civil Action No. 7:14-cv-00692

Virginia Department of Corrections, et al,

Defendant.

NOTICE

This case is before the Court pursuant to Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment

docket #71 filed 7/28/2016. The Court will give Plaintiff twenty-one (21) days from the date of

this Notice to submit any further counter-affidavits or other relevant evidence contradicting,

explaining or avoiding Defendant’s evidence. Both sides are advised that if documents or

affidavits outside the pleadings are submitted by either party, any remaining motion(s) to

dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure may be considered as

motion(s) for summary judgment under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Federal Civil Procedure.

If Plaintiff does not respond to Defendant’s pleadings, the Court will assume that Plaintiff

has lost interest in the case, and/or that Plaintiff agrees with what the Defendant states in their

responsive pleading(s). If Plaintiff wishes to continue with the case, it is necessary that Plaintiff

respond in an appropriate fashion. Plaintiff may wish to respond with counter-affidavits or other

additional evidence as outlined above. However, if Plaintiff does not file some response within

the twenty-one (21) day period, the Court may dismiss the case for failure to prosecute.

Issued and mailed this 29th day of July, 2016.

JULIA C. DUDLEY, CLERK

By: s/T. Taylor Deputy Clerk

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA

Roanoke Division

NOTICE TO PARTIES OF RIGHT TO CONSENT TO JURISDICTION OF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Eric J. DePaola

Plaintiff(s)

DATE: July 29, 2016

vs.

CIVIL ACTION NO. 7:14-cv-00692

Virginia Department of Corrections, et al

Defendant(s)

In accordance with the provisions of Title 28, U.S.C. Sec. 636(c), and Fed.R.Civ.P. 73, you are hereby notified that a United States Magistrate Judge of this district court is available to exercise the court's jurisdiction and to conduct any or all proceedings in this case including a jury or nonjury trial, and entry of a final judgment. Exercise of this jurisdiction by a magistrate judge is, however, permitted only if all parties voluntarily consent.

You may, without adverse substantive consequences, withhold your consent, but this will prevent the court's jurisdiction from being exercised by a magistrate judge. If any party withholds consent, the identity of the parties consenting or withholding consent will not be communicated to any magistrate judge or to the district judge to whom the case has been assigned.

An appeal from a judgment entered by a magistrate judge may be taken directly to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in the same manner as an appeal from any other judgment of a district court.

JULIA C. DUDLEY, CLERK

By: s/T. Taylor Deputy Clerk

If you desire to consent to this action please indicate by signing below and returning the form to the Clerk's Office within l5 days from the date of this Notice.

Signature

Printed Name

Date

____________________________ ______________________________ ___________

Counsel for:

________________________________________________________________________

DO NOT RETURN THIS FORM ELECTRONICALLY. IF RETURNED, PAPER DOCUMENT MUST BE FILED.
J.A.- 262
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FACD ITY CLASSIFICATION M AXAGEM ENT

.

Effedive.Date
June1,2014

Number
830.1

Amended
jzuwyy yyjqy

OperatingLevel
ssjsjoyj

supersedes ' '

o eratin Procedure 830.1 6/1/11

Authority
cov j53.1-32.1
BOC 6VAC15-31-340

,
.

ACA/PREA Standards
4-4254,4-4341,4-4301,4-4302,4-4303;2-CO-1E-09,
2.co.4B.c? .

Incai-cerated OffenderAccess

YesH

No 1ZI

FOIAExempt. Yes.L . NoW Att:chments YesC1 NoS

OfficeofPrim aryResponsibility' DirectorofOffenderM anagùmentServices

1. PURPOSE '

Yhis operating procedure provides for the organization, function, and management of offender
classification inDepartm entofCorrectionsinstitutions.

I1.COM /LIANCE

Thisoperatingprocedureappliesto at1inktitutionsoperatedbytheDepadmentofCorrections(DOC).
Practicesand proceduresshallcom ply with applicable State and Federallaw sand regulations,Board of
Correctionspoliciesand regulations,A CA standards,PREA standards,and DOC directivesand operating
procedures.

111. DEFINITION S
AnnualReview -A uniform yearlyreview ofanoffender'sneeds'andobjectives;thelnitialClassification Date(1.CD)isusedtoestablishthereview dateforanoffendzrreceivedonorafterFebruary 1,2006.The CustodyRejponsibilityDate(CltD)isusedtoestablishthereview dateforan offenderreceivedpriorto
February 1,2006.

CentralClassiication Services(CCS)-Staffmembersfro'm the OffenderM anagementServicesUnit
whoreview certain recpm m endationsm adebytheInstitutionalClassification Authority,andrenderafinal.
decisionregardingoffenderstam sand assignm ents.

Classification -A processfordeterminingtheneedsandrequirementsofoffenders;thisisan ongoihg
processthatattem ptsto utilize a11relevantinform ation concerning the offender to identify and analyze
individualstrengthsand weaknesses,addressindividualneeds,a'nd encourageproperadjustmentto the
prison setting andultim ately freesociety.

Form alDue ProcessH earing -A classification hearing thatrequiresa prior form alnotifk ation to the

offender indicating the reason foh purpose of, and possible results of the classification hearing, the .
offender'srightto bepres'entatthe hearing,and noticeoftheresultsofthç'hearipg and ther:ason forthe

''decision. A form aldue proçess hearing isrequired when an offender is considered for rem pvalfrom

generalpopulation,orfacesthepossibility ofincreasein security levelor,reduction in good tim eearning

leveloutsidetheAnnualReview Cycle.

'

Form alNotiication -Thefacility isrequiredtoprovide,atam inim um ,48hourw rittennotificationtothe
.offenderofascheduledformaldueprocesshearingusingtheInstitutionalClass6cationAuthorityHearing Notôcationg'eneratedinVACORIS.

ICA H earing -An offendercase review conducted by the InstitutionalClassifcation Authority;these

hearingsm aybeeitherform aldueprocess,orinform alhearingsdependingontliepurposeofthereview.

q

'

.

Inform alH earing-A classification hearingwhichdöesnotrequireadvancenotificationtotheoffenderof

thehearingexceptforinvoluntaryremovalsfrom ajoborprogram assignment

InitialClassincatioà Date(ICD)-Thedateonwhichtheoffenderwasinitially assignédto aSectlrity

Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB DocumePJnag.teA714.o--f292F9ile1d 08/22/16 Page 1 of 61 Pageid#: 577
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Operating Procedure:830.1 yune y rtjj4

InstitutionalClassifkation Authority(1CA)'-Thefacility staffperson designated to conductoffender

casereview hearings

.

Program AssignmentReviewerT AR)-Thefacilitystaffpersondesignatedtoconductinformaloffender casereview h.earingssuch asoutsideworkclassification,jobassignments/removals,academic/vocational
assignm ents/removals,and.assignm ents/rem ovalsfrom treatm entprogram s.

VACOR TS -The com puter-based V irginiaDepartm entofCorrections offender inform ationm anagement system

1V. PRO CED

'

,

A.lnstitutionalClassification

.

.

1. OffenderClassification

- a. Thisoperating procedureprovidesforaclassification review and a'ppealprocessforoffendersin

DOC institutions.(2-CO-4B'-03) '

'

b.InstitutionalClassification Authority (1CA)and Progrnm Assignm entReviewer(PAR)hearing
actions and adm inistrative reviews shallbe docum ented in VA CORIS w ith paper docum ents ' generated only asneeded'foroffendersignaturesandto providenotice orcopiestooffendersof
classification actions.

2.InstitmionalClassificationAuthority(1CA)Hearings

a.An ICA hearing isrequired forthe below listed actionsand m ay beeitheraform aldueprocess

'

hearing oran infofm alhearing depending on the purpose ofthe hearing. A fonnaldueprocess

hearing isrequired foradm inistrative and interim review sw heneverthereistheopportunity for

: theoffendertoberem ovedfrom generalpopulation status,areductionin goodtim eearninglevel,

increase in security level,ora lossofliberty isinvolved. Theoffender'sneeds-(i.e.,security,

programs,etc)shouldbeaddressedduringthehearing.

b. Typesofhearings'.

.

i. Annual Review s will be conducted utilizing the Initial Classif.ication Date (ICD)orthe

CustodyResponsibilityDate(ClkD),asapplicable.(4-4300)

'

(a)Theannualreview shouldbeconductedwithin30daysafterthe7f'(''ru'F'y*sG= r'??67PT7LD'rll'?P7
pa'gsor-zo7*a*,)-:usq(.p.#'sk#4Vjmyû#rïj'-,jlp,.-,'-'yêzyXgr/.#kpW;)(g.8p-.rj.4,#7'j/'MCJ.:yc.iPg-1)'j9trgXtw,r1.7.t,,j.-'q#,.y,.1)..y;ak0rpt-1fvlkjjt.',k.,-'jAryicjp9-r.g--t-K.:zl!g1-j'ytjtpLj'j.,r-gyyhJr.wXou'a.Jy.ywhèlyz.i,gz-ksT-hïKjj'j.itLL.j=j-.),yu-x.jya..v..y,.t-j,.gmz.osjs.,t.j.a.y.wj:jo.-j.jy,y-,s.,mr(.ot..jja,-yuj,,g.e.(j

12/29/14)

(b)Thereview requiresan updatedHomePlan,Employ'mentPlan,Re-entry Timeline,Re-

.

entry Case Plan,Em ergency Notification,Fam ily Environm entalInform ation,COM PA S

'

re-entry

assessm

ent
.

and

a

com plete

assessm ent of each

com ponent of the

offender's

facilitystam s.

.

(c)Duetotheroutinenatureofannualreviews,du'eprocessisnotrequired,buttheoffender
shouldbeallowed tobepresentandhaveinputintheprocess.

(dlFactorstobeaddressed'.(counselorsmustensureal1offenderrecordinformationiscurrent

àndaccurate)(2-CO-1E-09)(added12/29/14)

' '

@ SecurityLevel(seeOperatingProcedure830.2,SecurityLevelClassihcationj

* FacilityAssignment(includingassignmenttotheappropriatere-ent'rysiteforoffenders

withintheestablishedtimeperiod)

'

* GC SC ClassLevel(seeOperatingProcedure830.3,GoodTimeAwards)

' '

k1VYk'6!gt'j:)47'L7'yJl*:i.l$''Cj'r-j:-i)Xt;i:y;',?s:-q',:ëiE:hi.7rëi''qtyqC';:r,2t@.h.',l'qsr-.l:1'(y,E)p2'd;j>rEati'qk1.t-'b..7ë(yAtL,.Pi(;-u)iy.yq:l%j'tSs,c,f-Rtpljttru.j'wtv.jZg:--7,çrptyz@.lgctijW/tl.Brr),ygjJ.uy*&'i-tW'4z:j-rmè:é;-y;tj-t,y.ji)u-Xf)Ah:qyK.'i.'/ç-ti.j'1-èia)1'if.'-';%gir!,)/p>irv!-ynf').'!;Tq!lçUi',.ux'-y''i-b,rN'-:!i'9'--.(

.

. Any other'decisionsaffectingtheoffender

'

'

.

ii. Form alDue Process Hearings, requiretheuse oftheInstitutionalClassiflcationAuthority

4HearingNotiflcation with actionsdocumented on an InstitutionalClassiflcationAuthority

.

1

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Hearing report.Exam plesoffonnaldueprocesshearings:

'

(a.)Transferforsecurityreasons;transferstoap'ermanentprotectivecustodyunit

(blDecreaseinGCA/ESCenrninglevel(Interim Review)

.(c)SecurityLevelIncrease(Interim Review)

(d)Pre-HearingDetentionAssignment .(e)SegregationAss:ignment,review andrelease(4-4254)

.(9 Segregationrevlewsresultinginpostatuschangç

(g)CommonFaredietremovals

(h)W orkReleaseremovals .(i)Assignments and removals from Cognitive Therapeutic Community Programs (see

Operating.Procedure830.5,'Transfersn'.lnstitutionul'Rèassiv hents) (j)Administrative Hearingsi.e.,offender's refusalofallofllsite specialistappointment,

diagnosticprocedure,ortreatmentprocedure(seeOperatingProcedure720.4,Co-payment

fyrHealthCareServices) (k)?zv-.knaè,z-zn,v;-z.v-iw,;.-m-.b.-tz..b.-,.%.,,.-.,a---:-m-.,,,-,Rem ovalsfrom Re-entryPrograms(deleted4/3/15)
iii.InformalHearingactionsaredocumentedonanInstitutionalClassscationAuthorityHearing
repozt Exnm plesofinform alhearings:

(a)OffenderrequestedtransferduringARC (b)EGT awards

(c)AssignmentstoW orkReleaseProgram

(d)OffenderrequestedassigpmenttoCommonFare-(Note.'OflkndermustbepresentatICA review)(seeOperatingProcedure84l.3,OyenderReligiousPrograms).

(e)ç'Keep Separate''designation (seeOperating Procedure 830.6,OffenderKeep Separate

M anagementt

'

.

c. Referralsfor1CA hearingsm ay bem adeby any ofthefollowingpersons:

i. Facility UnitHead,AssistantFàcility UnitHeadordesignee

ii. Officer-ln-charge,UnitM anagers,ChiefsofSecurity,EBp/lke-entryM anagers

iii.HearingsOfficer(whenbasedondisciilinaryreports)

iv. lnstitutionalProgram M anagers,Counselors,M edicalorM entalHea1th Staff

v. Director

vi. ChiefofCorrectionsOperations
vii.RegionalOperationsChie?

viii. RegionalA dm inistrator

ix. DirectorofOffenderM anagem entServicesordesignee

x. CentralClassification Services

3.APliointmentoftheInstitutionalClassificationAuthority(1CA):

'

a. The 1CA isa facility em ployeew ho has contactw ith the offender,butwho is im pm ialto the

offenderbeingpresented forreview.

b.TheICA isan experiencedseniorstaffm em berwhowillbeappoin'tçd by theFàcilityU nitHead. Thispersonm ustbeinPayBand4 ora'bove,preferablyftmctioning inasupervisory status.

i. A facilitym ay chooseto utilizeacomm itteeforICA healings.

ii. Ifacomm iteeisused,thechairpersonm ustm eetthecriteriaabove.

4. Responsibilities ofthe Instim tionalClassification Authority and the otherparticipants during the ICA Hearing:
a. InstitutionalClassiscation Authority i. Ensures thatthere is a docketing procedure thatprovides for al1cases being heard within applicabletim elim its ii. Ensuresthata1lcasesheardaredocum éntedinVA CORIS
iii. Ensûresthatthe 1CA hearing isconducted properly and in com pliance w ith allestablished procedures

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x ne 1,2014

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iv. M oderates questions and com m ents at the hearing to ensure that a11 persons, including

offenders,havean opportunityto belzeardandguidestheprocesstoreach adecision

v. Determ ineswhetherwitnesseshaverelevanttestim ony

,

vi. Ensuresthe hearing is orderly,and m ay have anyone who attempts to disruptthe hearing

rem oved

vii. M akesarecomm endation based only on thefactspresented atthehearing and review ofthe * offender'srecord,andensuresthatthedecision isfairandimpartial.

b.Reporting OfficertFormaldueprocesshearing,ifrequired)-Becomesfamiliarwith allfacts

relevanttothecasepriortothehearinj,presentsa1lthefactsandrespopdstoquestionsrelevant

tothecaseduringthehearing and inthepresenceoftheoffender. .

.

c. Counselor

.

i. Ensures the offender understands the reasons for,.purpose of,and possible results ofthe

hearing

'

ii. Ensurestheoffenderiseligibleforthetypeofreview scheduled

iii. Ensuresthattheoffenderunderstandstheprocedure oftheICA hearing (i.e.organization,

Proceduralrequ'irements, etc.)

.

iv. Be present for lCA hearings to presentto the ICA additional,relevant facts, alternative

solutions,orcoursesofaction.

d.W itnessej-(Formaldueprocesshearing,ifrequired)
i. Responsibleforpresentingrelevantfactspertinenttothecase' ii. Answ ersquestionsfrom theICA andoffenderrelativetothegiventestim ony
iii..A py witnessfortheoffenderwho doesnotwishtotestify should subm itawrittenstatep entto that effect,

iv.ConfidentialoffenderwitnessesshallnotberequiredtoapjearbeforetheICA.

.

(a)Testimony may be presented tothe ICA by a reporting officerin the presence ofthe

offender.

(b)The confidentiality of the names of those offenders providing testimony may be

m aintainedforsecurityreasons.

'

(c)lnformationreceivedfrom confidentialsourcesshouldbewritteneitherbytheinfonuantor
theofficerw hopresentstheinform ation.

(d)Informationreceivedfrom aspecificinformantshouldbeverifiedandthereliabilityofthe
inform antestablished.

v. Offenderwitnessesappearing beforethe 1CA are doing so on astrictly voluntary basis,and

canpotbeforcedtopresentany inform ation.ThelCA may determ inewhethertheinform ation

presentedby theoffenderisrelevanttothehearing.

vi. The ICA

m ay

chgose

not

to

call w

itnesses .

to

appear

at

the

hearing

iftheir testim ony

is

irrelevant or repetitious.

'

.

'

vii. Em ployeesrequested asoffenderwitnessesm uststate,in writing,whattestim ony they could giveatthe lCA hearing and subm ittheirstatem entsto the ICA . Ifthe 1CA determinestheir testim onyisrelevant,thestatementm aybeused forhearing ortheem ployeepresencem ay be requiredatthehemingasdeem ed appropriatebytheICA .

,
' ,
'
'
' '

B.Institm ionalClassificationAuthority HearingProceduralRequirem ents

. 1. FormalDueProcessH earings

a.TheInstitutionalClassscationAuthorityHearingNotscation generatedinVACORJSwillbe

'

usedforallform al1CA hearingstoensurethattheoffenderreceivesdueprocess.

b.ReferralandPriorNotification-TheNot6cationwillbeservedontheoffenderatleast48hours
in advanceofthe scheduled hearing anduploaded in.VACORIS;theoffenderm aywaivethe48-

hournoticeinwriting.(4-4302)

c. Theoffenderwillbeadvisedthathe/shewillbeperm ittedto: .

i. Bepresentatthehearing

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ii.Rem ainsilent

iii. H aveacounsçlororotheremployeepreselkttoadvise

iv.Heaythetestimony orstatementofthereportingoffiçer(asigned,notarized statementfrom

thereportingofficqrwillsufficeifthepersonislegitimatelyunabletoattendthehearing)

v. Calland question witnesses

vi. Be advised verbally atthe hearing and in 'writing within five working days ofthe ICA'S - recomm endationandreasènforthedecision

- vii.Receiveacopyofactionofth:énalapprovingauthority .

.

viii.AccesstheOffenderGrievanceProcedure(Operating Procedure 866.1,OyenderGrievance Procedure)toappeala1lclassificationdecisiöns

d.Therightsto hearthereporting officer'sstatem egtandtocallandquestion wim essesdonotapply

inthefollow ingcases:

i. Pre-hearingdetentionwhenadisciplinarychargehasbeen served

ii.Hearingsbasedonadocumenteddlsciplinaryconviction

iii. Hearingsbasedoncrim inalconvictions

iv. lnitialreview ofan offender'sdetention statusbased on his/herclaim ofan enemy,pending

outcom eoftheenemy investigation

'

e. Interim review sofoù-going segregation assignm entsdo notrequire thepresenceofa reporting' officerortherighttocallw itnesses.

f. ThepersonservingtheNot6 cationwillrecordthennmesofanyrequestedwitnesses,indicateif
the offender has'waived the 48 hour notice, have the offender sign,wim ess the offender's . signature, and provide a copy to the offender. If the offender refuses to sign the notice,the perso: servingthenoticew illsonoteandsign asw itness.

g.Atthe startofthe hearing,the ICA w illdeterm ine thatthe offenderreceived advanceform al notificationorwaived suchnotification inwritingand understandsthereason forthehearing and allproceduralrequirem ents. TheICA w illconductthehearingin accordancewith thisoperating procedure. Upon conclusion of the hearing,the 1CA w illinform the offender of the ICA'S recomm endation andreasons.
h. Deqignated staffw illcom pletehearing dècum entétion inVA CORIS,specifyingthestatem entsof thereporting ofticer,thpoffender,andany witnesses,theICA 'Srecom mendation,andthereasons for the recom m endation. The 1CA w illescalate the heqring for,review as necessary. The
offendershouldreceiveacopyoftheInstitutionalClassfcationW?z//ioH//.pHearingreportwithin
fiveworking daysofthehearing.
i. U pon final action by the appropriate approving authority, a copy of the Institutional
Classscation Authority Hearing reportreflecting the ICA'S recommendation,and thefinal
decision by theappropriate approving authority willbeprovidedtotheoffenderalongw ith any
relevantevaluationreports.Iftheajprovingauthoritydisapprovesormodifiesthe1CA decision,
such should benoted iflVACORIS.

2. Inform alH earingRequirem ents

a. Althoughpriornotification ofthe offenderisnotrequired,itisgenerally preferableto advisethe offenderin advanceofthe nature ofthehearing! lftheoffenderdesiresto bepresent,theICA m ay pennittheoffenderto bepresentifdeem edappropriateandnecessary.

b. Ifthe offenderispresentatthe hearing,the ICA .should infol'm the offenderofthe decision br

recom m endatiqn atthattim e. lfthe offender isnotpresent,he/she should be advised ofthe

decision in writing within fiveworkingdaysusing theInstitutionalClassscdtionAuthority

H earingreport.

'

'

c. Upon final action by the appropriate approving authority, a copy of the Institutional

Classscation Authority Hearing reportretlecting the ICA'Srecommendation and the final

decisionbytheapprovingauthoritywillbeprovidedtoiheoffender.

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OperatingProcedtlre:830.1

pune j,::j4.

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3.AnnualReview HearingRequiremçnts

a.Form alD ueProcessisnotrequired foran increasein an offender'sSecurity LevelorGCA/ESC

ClassLevelduringageneralpopulation offender'sAnnualReview . Such reviewsareconsidered

routineand afforded every offender;however,the offendershould beallpwed to bepresentand

perm itted inputduringthereview processandreceivea copy oftheoutcomeofthereview.Each

componentoftheannualreview maybeappealedtluoughtheOffenderGrievanceProcedure.(4-

4301)

b.TheAnnualReview shallbedocum entedin VA CORIS.

.

c.Offendersrequesting transferduring theii AnnualReview Cycle should meetthe criteria in

Operating.Procedure830.5,.Transfers,.klnstitutionql'.Reassignmentsè'b'eforebeingrecommended
bythefacility. Such recomm endation doesnotrequiredueprocess.

d. CCS m ay adm iniskatively review the offender population for security levelreductions to '

m axim izrtheex cientuseofavailablebedspace.

' .

e. Facility Unit Heads m ay be requested to review the offender population and make

recom mendations for security levelreductions. An interim review w illnotchange the next

AnnualReview date. The reason forthe review should beselected in the Classification A ction

Typesection ofVA CORIS.

4.'Follow ingthe1CA hearing,thelCA willescalatethehearingforappropriatereview andapprovals.

C.Review ofInstitutionalClassificationA uthorityRecomm endation

1. The Facility UnitH ead,ortheAssistantFacility UnitHead,w illensureal1infoymation ispropèrly zenteredg,in V A CO R IS.

2. The Facility UnitHead ordesignee willreview each 1CA action asrequired and willindicate approval/disapprovyloftheICA 'Srecomlnendation.

a. The Facility Unit H ead's designee cannot review cases for which they served as the 1CA

dhairperson.

.

.

.

b. Casesm ay bedisapprovedarfdreturnedtothe1CA foradditionalinform ation.

3. Forsegregation reviewsforwhich no statuschangehasbeen recom m ended,theFacility UnitHead -' willindicatenochangehasbeen recom m endedandindicatethedecisipn and any comm ents.

4. The Facility Unit Head willindicate specific reasonsforthe detision in the respective narrative - fields.

5. Thelevelsoffinalapproval/disapprovalauthority forclassification decisionsarelistedbelow :

a.The Facility UnitHead isthefin:lauthority ?orapproving/disapproving thefollowingICA ,

' actions:

'

i. A1lGCA andESC ClassLevelchangeandEGT recomm endations

I

.. ii.. Al1Security Levelchangesexceptthefollow ing:

'

.

'

.

(a)Twoleveloverrides.

(blAssignmentsintoSecurityLevelS

(c)Assignmentstothe.STAR Program

iii. Pre-hearingD etention assignm ents,rem ovals

'

iv. Segregation assignm ents,reviewsandrem ovals

.

v. Com m on Fareassignm entsandrem ovals

.

b.The RegionalAdm inistrator,upon referralfrom the Facility UnitHead hasfinalauthority for approving/disapprovingcom m unity activitiesand intra-regionaltransfersasdefined in Operating
Procedure830.5,Transfers,FacilityReassignments.

c. ChiefofCorrectionsOperationsordesignee approvalisneeded forlnterstateCom pacttransfer
.. (seeOperatingProcedure020.2,CompactforInterstateTransfertflhcarceratedOyendersj
d. Upon referral by the RegionalAdm iniskator and the Chief of Corrections Operations, the

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Jtm e 1,2014

DirectoristhefinalandsoleauthorityforapprovalofRestoration ofLostGoodTimerequests.

e; ActionsRequiringCCS Approval: CentralClassifk ation Services,upon referralby theFa:ility . UnitH ead hasfinalauthotityforapproval/disapprovalofthefollowing: i. Two leveloverridesrequiretheapprovaloftheDirectorofOffenderM anagem entServices,or theM anager,CentralClassification Selwices ii. Reclassifibation assignm entstoW ork Centers

iii. A ssignm entsinto Security LevelS

'

iv. Assignm entstotheSTAR Program

. v.Al1transfers,exceptintra-regional,asdefined in Operating Procedtlre 830.5,Trgsfers,
FacilityReassignment,includingadminiskative/security,offender.request.and'assignmentto .
'
protectiv: custody units

vi. Al1work.releaserecommendations(assignments/removals)

.

vii. Keep Separateapprovalsandrem ovals

viii. Any overrideofm andatoryrestrictorsoroffenderasiignm entcriteria

.

6. W hen the finallevelofapprovalhasacted on the classification action,the Facility UnitHead,or

'

.designee,'willensurethataltclassificationactionsareproperlydocumentedinVACORIS,andthat

- the offenderreceivqs a copy ofappropriate classification docum ents on w hich the finalapproval

authorit/s decision has been recorded in accordance with this operating procedure and the

appropriateproceduregoverningthedassification action involved.

'

D.Program AssigmnentReview s

'

.

1. Classification actions,whichrequireProgram AssignmentReviewsonly: .

a. Outsidework classificationandreclassification

'

b. Job,assignmentsandremovals,includingoutsideperimeterassignments(seeOperatingProcedure

841.2,OffendqrWorkProgramsj .

.

c.Treatment Program assignments and removals (except SORT and Cognitive Therapeutic' ' * Community Programs),AcademicN ocationalassignmentsand removals,Re-Entry Case Plan
review s

2. A ppointm entofthe Progrnm Assignm entReview er-TheFacility UnitH ead willdesignateatleast

.

onestpffm em berw ho isimpartialregardingtheclassification m atterandthecasebeingreviewedto

serveastheProgram Assignm entReviewer(PAR).ThisemployeemustbePayBand4orabove.

. 3. ResponsibilitiesoftheProgram Assignm entReview Participants:

a.Program AssignmentRevieWer(PAR)

i.Ensuresthereisadocketingprocedurethatprovidesthatallcasesareeligibfeforreview and

.

areheardw ithinapplicabletim elim its

.

ii. Ensuresthataheayingdocketism aintained

iii. Ensuresthereview isconducted incom pliancewithestablishedprocedures,reviews,andrules

onoffenderrequeststo attendthereview.

iv. Review sthe offender'srecord and alldocum entation subm itted forthe review,and m ay ask . questions of a11 persons present during 'the hearing in order to assist in making a

recom mendationinthecase.

v. A1lrecomm endationsarefairand im partial,andbaseduponthefactspresented.

b.Counselor - Ensures the offender is eligible for'the type of review requested and action

'

recom m ended. Thecounselorshould advisetheoffenderpriortö the hearing ofthereasonsfor,

*'

'

purpose of,and possible results of the hearing,and ofthe offender's opportunity to request to

attend th. e hearing. .The coqnselor presents relevantfacts,and may recommenb altemative

çoursesofactionatthereview .

c. Offender-The offenderisnotrequired to attend aProgram Assignm entReview Hearing. Ifan

offenderw ishesto attend,he/she should verbally orin writing notify the counselorpriorto the

.

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soheduledhearing.Thedecisionofwhetherto allow theoffendertoattendrestswiththePAR. .

4. Program Assignm entReview H earingRequirem ents:

.

a Each facility m ay m aintain a Classification Hearing D ocketto docum ent cases reviewed as

specified in thisoperating procedure.

i. Classifl-cationHearingDocketbOC-IIF 830 F1isprôvided asamodel,buteachfacility is

. encouragedtomodifyanddevelop aClassikcationHearingDocketform tomeetfacility

needs. Ihdividualoffendçrnotification ofPAR actionsmay beaccomplished usingforms

developed by the facility. .

ii.Forjob assignmentactions,the FacilitvJob Wuçuçfgnzaca/Docket841 F6 and the Offender
. W orkProzram JobApplication 841.:.:.175shouldbeused; ' ' .

b.Program A ssignm entReview H earingsareinformalhearings.

'

i. Theoffendershould bem adeawareofthepurposeofthehearing,butadvancenotification is

.

not required.

.

ii. lftheoffenderdesirestobepresent,thePAR m ay perm ittheoffendertobepresent.

c. W hen the review concernsthe involuntary rem ovalofthe offenderfrom aJ;ob,educational,or

.

program assignm ent,thereshouldbeawrittenorverbalstatem entfrom theperson requestingthe

rem ovalthat provides the reason forthe rem oval,and the offender should be provided the .

opportunityto bepresentandm akeastatem ent.

d.lfthe offenderispresentatthe hearing,thePAR should inform the offenderofthe decision or

recom m endation atthattime. Offendersthatare notpresentshould be advised ofthe decision

eitherverballyorinw riting.

.

e.'.Upgn final action by the appropriate approving authority,the action should be entered into

VA CORIS;acopy oftheappropriatereview form reflectingthePAR'Srecom rpendation andthe

'

finaldecision bytheappropriateapprovingauthoritywillbeprovidedtotheoffender.

5. ApprovalofProgram AssignlnentReviews:

a. A1IPAR hearings are reviewed and acted on by a staffperson asdesignated below,who will

approve, disapprove or 'ino action''the case. N o A ction cases should be rem anded to the

Assistant Superintendenvlnstitutional Program M anager for further review . Comm ents and

reasonsforalldijapprovalsw illbedocum ented ontherespectivefonns.TheFacilityUnitHead

.

w illensurecopiesofa11classification paperworkaredistributed.

.

b. The Facility Unit H ead is the sole and final authority for approving/disapproving PAR

recommendationforoutsideworkassignments.TheFacilityUnitHeadmustgersonallyapprove allwork assignmentsoutsidetheperimeter,andmay notdelegatethisauthorlty.(seeOperating
Procedure425.l,OutsideWovkAssignmentsj

c. TheFacilityU nitHead m ay designateoneormoresupervisory staffto bethefinalauthorityfor

approving/disapproving al1 PAR recom mendations except outside wofk assignm ents. This .
designatedstaffperson willnotbethesam eipdividualwho serveda'sthePAR forthecasebeing

.

acted upon.

'

. E.OffenderInitiatedReview qfProgress(4-4303)
1. Itis the responsibility ofthe offenderto initiate the requestforan interim review by coinpleting an offenderrequestidentifyingexactly why aninterim review iswarranted.

2.The counselor should make a recommendation and give justification to support their
reoom m endation and forwardtherequesttotheICA forconsideration.
3. Therecom m endationsforan interim review should generallybebasedon thefollowingcriteria:
a. Confirm edproceduralerrorsinthepreviousannualreview .
b.An erroneouscalculation oftheoffender'ssecurity leveland/orgoodtim eawardscores c. Stat'us change resulting from an expunged institutional infraction, detainer, or other
adm iniskativeaction

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d.Completionofprogrammaticactivitiesoflongstandingduration(i.e.offenderreceivesGED after repeatedattempts)
'F. CC S A uthority

ln circum stances in which itis deem ed necessary forthe wellbeing ofthe DOC,offenders may be adm inisyatively approved for security level changes and/or facility reassignment by Central Classification Servicesbased on appropriateconsideration intheabsenceofaPAR orICA heating.

G.A ppealProcess
1.TheFacilityUnitHeadmayappealCCSdecisionstotheDirectorofOffenderM anagementServices
by submitting An apkeal.electronically-or'in'writing,including specifid,'detailedjûstification asto
why CCS'Sdecisionshould.beam ended.
2.Allclassification decisions may be apkealed through the OffenderGrieyance Proceduqe. The
DirectorofOffenderM anagem entServicesistheappellateauthority fora1lclassification decisions.

V. REFEREN CES
Oper>tingProcedure020.2,CompactforIntqrstateTransferoflncarceratedOyenders
OperatingProcedure425.1,Outside W orkAssignments
OperatingProcedure720.4,Co-paymentforHealthCareServices OperatingProcedure830.2,SecurityLevelClassfcation
OperatingProcedure830.3,GoodTim eAwards
OpzfatingProcedure830.5,Transfers,FacilityReassignments OperatingProcedure830.6,OffenderKeepSeparateManagement OperatingProcedure841.2,Offen'derWorkProgtiams OperatingProcedure241.3,OyenderReligièusPrograms OperatingProcedure866.1,OyenderGrievanceProcedure

VI. FORM CITA TION S ClassiflcationH earinzD ocketD OC-IIF 830 F1 OffenderWorkPros am JobAzmlication 841 175 Facili;vJobAssignmentDocket841 F6

VlI. REVIEW DA TE
The officeofprimaryresponsibility shallrùviqw thisoperating procedure annually and re-write itno later . than threeyears from theeffective date.

J#nm urecb& onFïâ

5/14/14

h .DavidRobinson,ChiefofCorrections0. perations

Date

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*

-

e . .

.

' 64 z//2J#.$'#zwsz

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*

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EffectiveDate

'

@

April1,2015

G r'&kzt. A -
Number 241.7

ya .j

Amended
supersedes

OpseroaptmingmLoetvel

O eratin Procedure841.7 11/1/11
(F Authcrity
COV j53.1-32

Subject
STRUCTURED LIVG G UNIT PROUM M

ACA/PREA Standards
M ne

JncarceratedOffenderAccess FOIAExempt YesZ NoZ OfficeofPrimaryResponsibility

Yes H

, No(Z1 Attachments YesZ #2 NoIZI Re-EtltryandProgramsDirector

PU R PO SE

'

This operating procedure provides protocolj for m >nagem ent of non-productive and non-com plignt

#

.

offender behaviors through restricted housing assignm enss to Stnlctured Living Units in designaled

Departm entofColw ctionsinstitutions.

II. COM PLIAN CE
This operating procedure applies to designated institutions operated by the Departp ent of Corrections
'(DOC). PracticesandproceduresshallcomplfwithapplicableStateandFederallawsandregulations,
Béard ofCorrectionsppliciesand regulations,A CA standards,PREA standards,and D OC directivesand operating procedures.

111. DEFINITION S
SpecialHousingUnit-A housingunltdesignatedtohousethoseoffenderswhosemovementandhousing
mustbe strictly m onitored to protectthem selves and others. A generalterm for spècialpurpose bed assignm entsincludingsegregation,disciplinary segregation,generaldetention,andpre-hearingdetention
StruciuredLivingUbit(SLUI-A unitorpoddesignatedtohouseoffendersthathavebeenidentifiedas
*needing àm orestructured living environm entthan in aregulargeneralpopulationbutdonotneedthelevei . , ofcontrolin aSpecialHousingUnit.

Iv PRocEbuu

A .Strucmred LivingUnitProgrnm

1. This.operating procedurew illapply to thoseoffenderswhosebehaviorindicatesaneed foram ore

structtzred living environm entthan provided in GeneralPopulation,butdo notrequireplacem entina

SpecialH ousingUnit.

'

StructumdLivingUnits(SLU)allow instimtionsthelatitudetoreducerelianceUnsegregationwhile
providingaprogramm aticapproach inaddressingaggressive,assaultive?orm aladaptivebehaviors.

3.The SLU willprovidean adjunctto SpecialHousing foridentified offendersand disciplinary

convictionsaddressing cellrestriction.

'

4. TheSLU willalsoprovideayansitionperiodforpreparingoffenderstoreturnfrom SpecialHousing i toGeneralPopulation.

SLUSaredesijnedtoremovecertaindistractionsthatareavailableinGeneralPopulationhousing
unitsand provjderolemodels,programs,andcounselingto guidetheoffendertomoreappropriate
behaviorssothatthey m ay m ovetolessrestrictiveenvironments.

6. Only institutions approved by the Regional Adm inistrator and RegionalOperations Chief m ay operate a SLU . W ith approval,an ihstitution m ay operate m ultiple SLU Swith differentlevelsof . privilegeàtoprovideincreased incentivestom odify inappropriatebehaviors.

7. A SLU shöuldbea.discretepodor'housingunitthathousesonly offendersassigned totheSLU .

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OperatingProcedure:841.7 Aprjl1,2015

8. Each institm ion w ith a SLU shalldevelop and m aintain an Understanding Structured Living Unit

. H ousing handbook to be provided to each offender assigned to a SLU . The Understanding .

Structured Living Unit Housing handbook shall include instimtion specific infonuation on the

followingsubjects:

.

a. Criteriaforplacem entin SLU

b.A SLU BehaviorContractto besignedby each offenderassiknedto SLU,which specifies
l behaviorandprogram m aticrequirem entstoprogresstoGeneralPopulation

' c. InstitutionalnzlesspecifictotheSLU

d. Daily operatingschedulefortheSLU

i, Privilegesallow edin SLU

'

'

.

.

9. Institutions operating a SLU shallinclude in the generalorientation m aterials for a11offenders

enterlg the facility (see Operqting Procedure 810.2, Transferred Offender Receiving and

Orientation)thecriteriaforplacementin SLU and ageneraldescription ofthe oftheprivileges

allowed.

.

10. TheFacility UnitHead ordesigneeshould seled stafffortheSLU based on theirskillsin working

'

w ithhighrisk/nèedsoffenders.

'
. '

a. Theroleofa1lstaffin theSLU istoprovidean intenselevelofhzteraction with offenders,andto useporm aldaily intefactionsto role m édelappropriatebehaviorand to teach offendershow to resolve issues.
b 'Allstaffthatwork inthe SLU arecriticaltothechangeprocess. SLU security & counselingstaff should have good com munication skills and a dem ohskated ability to use comm unication to deescalate conflict and to m otivate offenders towards com pliance with rules and program . expectations.
'
c.Al1staffassigned to SLU should completetheEyective Communicationsand Motivational Strategies(ECM S)courseofferedthroughtheASD.
d. M inim llm staffing levelsareasfollows:
i. Each Building thathouses SLU w illhave a m inim um of 1 Sergeantto oversee operations. The Building Supervisor w ill ensure each cell receives a visual inspection daily for com pliancew ithrules,regulations,andsanitation.
ii. Counselorstaffratio should be 1Counselorto every 44 offendersorless. Counselorsshould m aintainahighpresenceontheunitandm akedaily roundsduringwork schedule.
iii. FullSecurity and Counselorstaffingshouldbem aintained ata11tim es

1l. A 1lprogram sforSLU offendersw illbeconductedseparatefrom otheroffenders.

a. Program sshould beofferedintheSLU podtom inim izeoffenderm ovem ent.

'

.

b.Completion ofa m inim um of one orm ore ofthe following program s should be required for

m ovementtohigherprivilegehousing. . .

i. BreakingBarriers:A CognitiveRealityM odel& Orientation

.

.

ii. AngerM anagem ent

iii. ThinkingForA Change

'

'
iv.GettinkM otivatedforChange(DOCindependentsttzdyworkbook)

12. TheSLU BehaviorContractm ayrequirean offendertocom pleteapreviously com pletedprogram .

B.A ssignp enttoaStructuredLivingUnit

' '

1. Offenderswho exhibitbehaviorsinappropriate foralessrestrictive environm entm ay be assignedto .

.

aSLU .Generalcriteriaincludebutarenotlim itedto:

.

a. Behaviorsthatare disruptivetofacility operations

'

b.Failuretocom plyw ith authority

c. Releasefrom SpecialHousingU nitoram orerestrictiveSLU
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QperatingProcedure:841.7
April1,2015

d.Refusalto com m itto orm akeprogrçssin aprogramm'ingplan

2.TheSLU Review Team isresponsibleforassignmentintoandoutoftheSLU.TheUnderstànding

Structured Living UnitH ousing handbook willdesignate SLU Review Tenm m embers and the

p inim um num berand rank ofm embersnecessary forSLU Review Team actionsand anynecessary

review and approvalprocess. The'SLU Review Team m ay include,but notbe lim ited to Unit

'

Manager,InstitutionalPropam Manager,BuildingSupervisor,UnitCounselorj,bnitSecuritystaff)

InstitutionalInvestigator/Gang Specialist. Other staff with relevant input m ay be included,i.e.

HearingsOfficer,QualifiedM entalHealthProfessional,etc.

3. SLU Review Team actions should be conducted inform ally as a program assignm ent. Actions
shouldbedocumentedontheClassscationHearingDocket-DUC 1IF(seeOperatingProcedure 830.1,Facility ClassôcationManagement)withtherankingmemberoftheSLU Review Team signingastheProgram AssignmentReviewer(PAR).

4. The Understanding Structured Living UnitHousing handbook should deûne the processwhereby any staff m em ber lhay refer any offender to the SLU Review Team and identify the position responsiblefortracking offendersassigned totheSLU and docketing offendersforthe SLU Review
Team .Attachm ent1providesasampleStructuredLiving Referralwhich shouldbeadaptedtothe
instim tion'sspecifcreferralcriteriaandprocess.

C.M anagementofaStructuredLivingUnit

On entry intoa SLU ,staffw illm eetwitheachoffenderto providethefollowinginformation: a. Thorough explanatidn ofSLU operatio'n andrequirem ents

.b.A 'cppy of the handout Understanding Structured Living UnitH ousingàthe handoutwillbe tailoredforeachfacility basedonthetem plateprovided inAttachm ent2.

c.GoalsandobjectivesofSLU Assignment
d.Reason foroffender'sassignm enttO'SLU

e. Offenderopportunities@ndresponsibilitiesforbehaviorchange

.

f.' Expectations for achievem ent including program participation, self-sm dy com pletion, and

behaviorand attim dem easures

g.Perform ancereview procedures

h.RoleofSLU staffinrolem odelingandsupporting change

.

Staffwilldevelop awritten SLU BehaviorContractwitheachoffenderassignedtotheSLU.The

. .

SLU BehaviorContractmay bepartofthehandoutUnderstanding Structured Living UnitHousing

oraseparatedocum entdevelopedby thefacility.

a. Offender refusal.to help develop and sign a SLU Behavior Contract w ill be grounds for
placementondeneralDetention andreferraltotheICA toreview forSegregationand/orhigher'

security level.

.

b. The offender'sm ovem entoutofSLU to higherprivilegehousing depqndson progresswith the

SLU BehaviorContvact.

c. TheSLU BehaviorContractwillstipulatebehaviorexpectations,progrnms,andassignmentsthe offenderisexpected to completeto qualify form ovem entto higherprivilegehousing. TheSLU

BehaviorContractshouldalsospecify any otherspecificrequirem entsaccordingtotheoffender's

needs

'

'

d.Based on theoffender'schangingneeds,theuc u BehaviovContractm ay bem odifiedatanytim e

and the changesinitialed by the offender. .

3. Thebehgviorand attitudeofoffendersassignedtotheSLU shallbeobserved and evaluated daily.

4. Each SLU cellshallreceive a daily visual inspection for com pliance with nzles and sanitation' requirem ents.

:5.TheSLU Review Team shouldconsidéroffendersthatmeetthefollowingcrjteriaforadvapcement
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operatingProcedure:841.7 Aplil1,2015

to higherprivilege housing based on theoffender'jpositive.behavior,dem onstrated abilityto m ake
responsiblechoices,andaccomplishmentoftheobjectivesintheSLUBehaviorCon/m c/:

a.NodisciplinaryinfractionsorinvolvementinseriouseventsdocumentedbyIncidentReportsince ' assiénmenttotheSLU orwithinthelast90days ,

b.Satisfactory com pletion, as d.eterm ined by staff, of.progrnm s and goals designated on SLU

B ehavior Contract

.

c. Completion ofSelf-study assigned

d.Goodpersonalhygieneandcellcleanlinessbased onregularcellinspectionbystaff

6. Atany tip e,based on theirbehaviors,offendçrsm ay be rem oved from the SLU forPre-H earing . Detention,GeneralDetention,orreferredtothe1CA forsegregation and/orhighersecurity level

'

review inaccordancew ithappropriateoperatingprocedures.

7.The SLU Review Team should meetai'leastweekly asneeded to consideroffendersreferred for

,assigmentinto oroutofthe'SLU. TheTeam mustreview offenderswithin 90daysoftheir '

'

prevlous SLU reviçw. Based on the offender's behaviors,possible SLU Review Team a'ctions

incl'ude:

' .

a. Refertheoffenderforhigherprivilegehousingbasedon com pliancew ithSLU BehaviorContract

b. Assign anew review dateoflessthan90daystoallow theoffenderadditionaltim etoim proveon

identifiedbehaviororcom pletean assignm ent

,

c.A ssigntheoffendertorem ain inSLU upto 180daysfrom entranceintoSLU

.

d.Refer the offenderto 1CA for higher security levelor segregation revibw based on negative

'

.

,behavior in SLU (required >fter 180 qonsecutive days in SLU without SLU Review Team

recommendationforahigherprivilegelevelpod)

.

.

D.Living ConditionsforStructured Living Units-The follow ing privileges and living cdnditionsshould .

be provided in a11SLUS. Any privilege/living condition notlisted should bethe snm e asforgeneral '

population housing units. The handout, Understanding Structured Living UnitHousing should address m ethodstoaccessservicessuchasm edical,m entalh.ealth,legalservices,barbering/haircare,etc.

Cell A ssignm ent - D ouble bunking should be the norm w ith offenders directly com pared for

'com patibility

'

'

. Clothing-Threecleansetsofjumpsuitsorscrubsshallbeprovidedweekly

'

PersonalProperty -Offendersm ay bring personalproperty already in theirpossession to the SLU;

A dditionalpurchasesm ay only be within the SLU Comm issary Lim it. The SLU Review Tenm m ay

rem oveeleckonicitem sfornon-com pliantbehaviors.

'

.

Com m issary -Item sdelikered to and disbursedin the SLU .New personalprope'rty item smayonly be

purchasedwithintheweeklyspendlimit(cannot.saveunspentamountsforlargerpurchases).W eekly

spend lim its:Security Level3 -$45.00;SecurityLevel4-$35.00;SecurityLevel5 -$25.00.Nicotine

.

replacem entproductsareexem ptfrom comm issarylim its.

'
'
'

H olidayPack-N one

'

O ffenderM pvem ent-Restrictedtonom orethanonetieratatim e;escortm ay berequired when SLU

offenderscould contactoffendersfrom outsidetheSLU

'

M eals - Sam e m enu as Gen:ral Population;m ealtim es and m ovem ent should be controlled and

restricted to m inim ize contactwith offendersfrom outjide the SLU ;Security Level4 and 5 to be

escortedtoandfrom m ealsserved irlthedininghall.

.

.

'
Recreation -Contactw ith non-SLU offendersshould bem inim ized;no tournam ents;noaccessto the

gym ;Security Level3 and 4,twohoursperday in pod,onehourperday outside;SecurityLevel5,one

hourperday inpod,onehourevery otherdayoutside

Lifestyle-Television in pod,turned offno laterthan 10:00.PM andduringform alcountsandprogram s inpodarea;nom icrow aves;in facilitieswith meanstodôntrol,0 1-11offelectricalpow erin cellsat10:15

J.A.- 303
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'
.

OperatingProcedure:841.7
'
April1,2015

PM ,turn on atwake upqLock-down nightly includingw eekendsand holidaysSecurity Level3 - 9:30
PM,SecurityLevel4-t:30PM ,SecurityLevel5-6:00PM

PersonalH ygiene-A ccesstoshowersduringout-of-celltim e;m ustcom ply w ithgrooming policy

.

Telephone-Accessduring scheduledrecreationtimes;eveningpodtim eforphonecallsrotated am ong

facility pods -

ReligiousPractice-keligiouspractice in cells;religiousitemsallowed asperOperatingProcedure

802.1OyenderProperty. InstitutionalChaplainswillbe available upon written requestand are

encouragedtom akeSLU rpundsw eekly.

'

W ork,Jobs-OffendersassignedtoSLU podwillberemovedfrom anyjobheldpreviously.M ore
senior offenders in the SLU who have m ade sufficient positive progress in achieving their SLU

Beho iorContractmayqualifyforjobsashousemenFithintheSLU.

EducationuA cadem ic'classesshouldbeoffered inthepodifresourcesareavailable.

.

Visitation -Sam easforGefteralPopulation housing units,exceptthe SLU Review Team m ay limitan

.

offender..tonon-contactvi'sitsfornon-compliantbehaviors.

'

E.Structurçd LivingUnitProgram Review andEvaluation '

1.SLU desigh andöperation ismodeledonnationalresearch inpenologicalevidencebasedpractices

provpn to change crim inalbehavior. The Virginia DOC w illconducton-going evaluation ofthe

SLU modelandadjustthemodelbasedontindings.

'

2.Eachfacility operatinga SLU willcollectm easuresincluding:

a.O ffendernam e,number,and length ofstay in SLU

. .

b.COM PAS Risk & N eedsA ssessmentProfileoneachoffender

.

.

c* Program s'attended

'

d.N um bertransferred from SLU tphigherprivilegehousing and. length ofstay

e.N um bertransferred from SLU tohighersecurityand lengthofstay '

'

f. Staftingandstafftraining

;.t

,

V . REFERENCES

'

OperatingProcedure802.1OyenderJrtwer/.y

'

' OperatingProcedure810.2,TransferredOyenderReceivingandOrientation

OperatingProcedure830.1,FacilityClassscationManagement

Vl. FORM CITATION S

.

N one

W l. REVIEW DA TE

The officeofprim ary responsibility shallreview thisoperating procedureannually andre-write ifno later

than threeyearsfrom the effectivedate.

'

.

S%wwjvr,Con onT'ïâ

3/4/15

A DavidRobinson,ChiefofCorrectionsOperations

Darte.

.J

b

.

J.A.- 304
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J'Z.X.-X-'X'

IN Tfl'EUNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT W ESTERN DISTRICT OFVIRGIM A ROAN OKE D IVIK ON

DEN IS PJV EM ,

Plaim ift

CivilA ction No.7:14CV00573

SGT.J.B.DICKEN SON,etal.,
D efendants.
i .

AF:'1.17AW T

State ofVirginiavCityofRicbm ondato-wit;

HAROLD W .CLARKE,ftrstbeingdlzlysworn,statesasfollows:

Iam theDirectoroftheVirgilziaDepartmentofCozrections(VDOC).

The irlfonnation containedirtthisaflidavitisbased on personalknow ledgeand

recordsm aintninedintheregula'randordinarycourseofbusiness.
N
Iam genero yawareofthçclaimsinthelawsuitûledbyDenisRivera,

#1125626 ,

in wlticlnhealleg>èsthat1am

liableforan incidentwith.OfscersD ickenson and

PatdckatRedOnionStatePdson onDecember28,2012beoatseIatlegedlyfailedtoimplem cnt

and/orenforceproperprovisionsand/orem ployeetraining on the't'seofforceandkeatm ent

gmedicalyproWdedtooffenders.

AstheDirectoroftheVDOC,Iam responsiblefortheoveralladminis%ationof

theDbpnriment.M ypowersallddufesastheDirectoroftheVDOC areprescdbedbyVirginia

CodeSection 53.1-10.1donotacmallysupervisethedailyactivitieàefthecorrectional

fadlides.1implem entpolioyandprocedurestodeterminelongandshortrr gegoalsforthe

cocectionalfacilitiesinVir/nia.AsDirector,Iam notpersonallyitwolvedinorwiththeday-

to-day ftm ctionsand activitiesofçach and every correctionalfacility oftheD epsrlm entof

. . ...

Zi- Ek.H'i'B.':'I.'i '.

.n '' .

J.A.- 305

g. . .

,,

# ..'e''' ''

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: .''''' .'

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Corrections,includhzg RedOnion StatePrison. Thedaily operationalactivitiesarethe responsibilityoftheW arden,Superintenrlnntsaandtheirsubordinates..1.nm ycapacityastlle Director,Ihavenoresponsibl tyorsupefvisionfortlleadminis% tion ofmedicalservices provided by thehealth careprovidersatRed Onion.Ihavehad nopersonalinvolvem ent regrdingtheclnim sintM slawsuit,andhavenopersonalu owledgeoftheseclsim s.
HAR OLD W .CLARK E

j'
/F.'= '
AX t

Swom andsubscribedtobeforem e,aNotaryPublic,inandfortlleS'tateofVirginia,City

ofRicbm ond,ontbis

'2.%..>-YFDday

ofMarch ,

2015.

CHfRYLANNMAJCE:

,t

' nEclsN-OraAAA-RrlYofpçu1/B7t-5lc41s46 ;i
i

-:7 (,-(;:7-,-, -t,;--

COMMONW EAU HOPVIRGjNjA '

'. M YCOMM ISSIQ.N EXPIRES
.i SEPTEMSER*oo.2017 .

N otaryPublic

I '

t

Mycommissionexpt'res: qv .-0.

. CX 1'-J

l

J.A.- 306
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./'

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f

'

IM StatuskevelGoalsNailune2012)

Pt.s:
&

Dlsd pllnal

Responsible BehavlorGoals

Program

Behavlor .

'

- Cell

Personal Count

Respee

Partldpatlon

,

compllante Hyglene

IM :
t@ IM 1
.
IM 1 to IM .2
IM 2 to Lev 6

* Unobstruded @ Grooming * Standing *Language @ChallengeSerles

windnw s

Randards forCount *Attitude *Anger .

* Clean/

@ Personal

@ Yelling

M anagement

uncluttered

cleanllness

through ' * TCU Brlef

floor

' @ clean

door

lnterventions

.

@ Property

clothes '

@ l37

@ Educatlen

neatly stored

. Patiente

'

* Light

'

uncovered

.

. cjearview

through cell

Ratln.

Ratlnx

Ratlni

Ratln/

Ratlnl

:1 Ppor

(:1 Poor

IE1 Poor

E1'Poor

ZIndom plete

(E1Acceptable E:1Acceptable (:lAqceptaile E1Acceptable Zc@mplete

(:IGood

EIGood

(:1Good ' I:IGood

CIPositiveEffort

6months
tontlnuoqs: @ no serious
assaultive pr
W eapon:
related 1K series charges
@ nomorethan

cempletiùnofIntake/orlentatlonProcess
C0mpIetlonof'Assessm ents Develop acase M anagem entPlan AgreementtoparticipateinProgramming
.
No.morethan6Ppor/lncompletewithin90dayreview period Minimum of2Good/posltiveEfforlwithln90dayreview
perjod

.In-cell
lntake:lournal1. ' Orientatlon Completelournals1 & 2
Educatlon Classes

3total'
100/200
seriescharges
6month continbous: * noseriops
100 series .
charges
@ no m orethan ' .1 total
100/200
serles
ciarges
@ 6 modths continuous: charge free ?
.

.

,

N0morethan4Poor/lncompl:tewithin90da#review perlod
Minimum of4Good/positlveEffodwithin90da#review period

In-CeII Completelournal: 3-5
rducatjoncysses .

.

.

Nomorethan2Poor/lncompletewithin90da#review perlod

Minimum of6Good/positivéEffortwithin90da#reéiew

Period

Ini ell
R erapeutic Modules
com pleteJournals

54

J.A.- 307

#/ s v

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IM Level6
,
Closed
Pod

6ï7

.

StartT4c

.

.

Edueation classes

Nomorethan2Px r/lncompletewithin9)dayrevlew period In-CeIl

Minlmum of6Good/pesitlveEffortwithin90dayreview

Therapeutlc

period .

M pdules

secure Program

Desk

T4c

.

cognitive

Restructuring

. .

.ycu Brief lnterventiens
Educatjon classes
'

55
J.A.- 308
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'

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EffectiveDate:December1,2v

2%fV.r''.7.tb1 RegularGrievance

'

OperatingProcedure866.1 Attachm enti.

REG UL GW EV CE

. '

sogxumber: 4-,).4

LastNam e ' r

First
<''-'.>
) .

um ber

.

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W HAT LS YOUR COM PLAU T? (Provideinformation from theinformalprocess: Attach lnformalComplaintor other

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J.A1.o-f2309

'RevisionDate:5/29107

Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB

Document 74-2
,

Filed . 08/22/16

Page 19 of 61 Pageid#: 595

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*

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.

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EffectiveDate:December1,2010

operatingprocedure866.1 Attachmentz

INSTRUCTIONSFOR FILING:YouarerequiredpçrOperatingProcedure866.1OyenderGrievanceProceduretoattempttoresolve
yourcomplaintin good faith priorto filing aregularglievance. You mustsubmityourgrievancewithin 30 daysfzom the date of occurrenceordiscoveryàfincident.Only oneissuepergrievancewillbeaddressed.W riteyourissueonlyinthespaceprovidedonthe grievanceform,preferablyininlc.Regularg'rievancesaresubmittedthroughtheinstitutionalmailtotheW arden/superintendent'soffice
andareceitissuedwithin2workin da sfzom receiyeddateifthe lievanceisnotrettzlmeddurin intake.

INTAKE:Grievancesshouldbeacceptedforloggingunlessretunzedforthefollowingreasontsl:

N on-Grievable. Thisissuehasbeen detinedasnon-grievable in accordancewithOperating Procedure866.1.

Z DisciplinaryProcedure.Youmayappealhearingdecisions,penalties,and/orproceduralenorsundertheprovisionsin

OperatingProcedure861.l,Oyendel.Dgctp/jnc.

Z MatlersbeyondthecontroloftheDepartmentofCorrections

.

:

1 Doesnotaffectyoupersonally

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grievanceform,preferablyinink.RegulargrievancesaresubmittedthroughtheinstitutionalmailtotheW arden/superintendent'sofEce

andareceitissuedwithin2workin da s9om receiveddateifthe ievanceisnotreturneddurin infake.

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Revisioi:Date:5/29/07

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Statem entfor the R ecord

of

DelegatePatrick A.H ope

Presented to the
UM TED W ATESSENATE
COM M ITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
SUBCOM M ITTEE O N THE CONSTITUTIO N,CIW L RIGH TS AND HUM AN RIGH TS

H earing on

fsReassessing Solitac Confm em ent:TheH um anRightg,Fiscaland PublicSafety c onsequences*
June19,2012

Chairm an D urbin,Ranking M em berGraham and nlem berjofthe Subcom m ittee,thank you for holdingthisim portantheadngontçReassèssingSolitaryConsnement:n eHumanRights,Fiscal and PublicSafetyConsequences.''Iappreciàtetheopportunitytosharemyobservatipnsand
experiencesoftieVPginiaprisonsystem thatIbelievepresentcommonthemesthroughoutthe U S prisodsfstem.

Lmstsllmm er,IH veledtothem ostsouthwestpartofthestatetotourVirginia'smaximllm
securitypdson,RedOnionStatePdson(ROSP)inPotmdsVirginim ThisiswhereVifginia
keepsitsm ostdangerousprisbnersor,mssom etim esreferredto as,tttheworstoftheworst''

n edaystsrtedmedingwithROSPcoaectionsox cers,mentalhealthstal andVirginia

Depa-

entèfCorrçctions(DOC)oo

cials. ,

Imske.dve. rydirectquestionsonthe'trea%

entof

prisonersin sep egation,how longtheywereseg egqted,andthelevelofmentalhealthsew ices

providedtothosew1t11adiab osisandtothosewhodonot.Iwasthenescortedinsidetheprison

wallsto getan up-closeview ofprison lifeand cameaw ayw1t11anew perspectiveando/erthe

following observations.

TooM any Prisonen Arein Segregation ForTooLong
V irginia'sover1,700prisonersinsec egation areconsnedinan 80sqllnrefootcell23hoursa day,7daysaweek n eytypically getonehouradayforrecreation5vedaysaweek,cov ned
toa96sqllnre'footchain-linkedfenceareathatcanonlyV describedasacageforahuman
being.n eyeataloneintheircellsandby designhaveverylittle,ifany,socialintem ctionw1t11 others.

(11
Az gx .
J.A.- 313
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. =j.

x

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Iwimessedover40prisonersassir edtotheROSP sep egationlmitslivingtmderthese

conditions.Statistically,agoodnum beroftheseprisonershavèadiar osedseriousmental .
illness(schizophreniw bipolardisorder,majordepressivedisorder)andmanymoreare

undia> oqed.W hilethoseassir edtosep egationhavetheircmseperiodicallyreviewed,that

doesn'tmeanpdsonersgetreleasedintothegeneralpopulation.Som einsegregationarethere

fordays,weeks,andevenm onths.ButI'm mostconcem ediboutthelargenumberofprisoners

thatareinprolongedsep egationforyearsanddecades. Ipersonallyspoketooneprisonerwho

hmsbeenlnsegregationforover12years,andhaveèometobeawareofmanyotherprilonersin.

.

.

RO SP'Ssegregation tmitswhohavebeentherefprseveralm oreyears.

Oneofthemostconcem ingaspecttom ewmstherevelationthatmanyoftheprisonersliving ' .
undertheseconditionsw illonedaybereleaseddirectlyintothecom munity,withoutfirst spendingtim einthegeneralprisonpopulation.That'sveryalsrm ingthatthereisno intermediatestspwithinpdson 9om segregationtorele% eintothecommlmity. W hy?Because statisticallyser egatedprisonersaremorelikelytoreofend,mnkingthepracticeofprolonged segregationcountem roductiveto theideathatprison shotlld seN easrehabililtionofprisoners tèthenhopefullybecomeproductivemem be'sofsociety.

The United StatesD epartm entofJustice Should Inte> eneto Lim itthe UseofProlonged

'

.

'

l

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' Federalcourtshaveruled thatsegregatingprisohers,especiallythosew1111asedousmental

illness,fortoolongisaviolationoftheEighthAm endm ent'sprotedionagsinKttheCrueland

U nusualK mishm ent. The Am erican BarA ssociadon'sCn'm inalJustice Standardson the .

'

TreatmentofPdsonersstate:GGNOprisonerdiagnosedwithseriousmentalillnesyshould be

placedinlong-term segregatedhousing.''Similarstatem entshavebeenm adebyintem ational .
keatybodiesandhllmanrightsexperts.includingtheHzlmanRightsCommittee,tv Committee

AgainstTorture,and theU.N.SpecialRapporteuronTorture.Unfoe lnately,theVirgirtiaDOC

hasnoabsolutelimitonhow longan individualwithm entalillnesscanbeinsen gation.M ost

Statesdonoteither- '

' '

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'

.

n erefore,py recom mendationrequeststheUnited StatesDepsrtmentofJusticetotakeamore
activeroleinmssessiliglkow StatesareusingsepçgationandtourgeStatestoseekwaystollmlt

andminimizeitsuse.n eDepartmentshotlldhelp Statesadoptlmifonn standnrdsand

guidelinesforprison sev egation thatincludesb0t11treaM entand dllration.n eDepnrlm ent

.

m ustalsoplay anenforcem entrolqttvensurethoseguidelinesarealwaysbeingm et.Atitsbest,I

believeprolongedser egation i:Q ruelapdunus'ualpunishm ent''andatitsworb'titistorture.

'

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n eUnitedStateshasasi> iscantroletoensureStateslim ittheuseofprölongedsegegationto'

onlyextremecircum stances.

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J.A.- 314
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Evidence-Based AlternativesFound in O ther States

In2006,M ississippibegantoreduceitssegregation populationandF ithinayeF successfully reduceditssegregatedpopulationby80percentthroughan agr essivere% sessmentofprisoners and determ iningm oresuitablehousing'.Byclosingdown llnitsandshihing stafrtheysavedover $5m illionperyear. M ainehasalsoundergoneasim ilarprocessandreduced itssegregated population by 70 percent.

SeveralstatesarefolloV ngtheexnmplesetby M ississippiandM aine.Inthe2012legislative sessioù,IintroducedlegislationinVirginiatostudy thefewsibilityoflimitingthewidespread use ofsepegationforlongperiodsoftime,attem ptingtoreplicate.theexperienceofM ississippiand M aine.Unfortunately,thelegislationwmsdefeated.FoA nately,however,theVirginiaDOC hasexpressedsincereinterestin im plem entingaplan to lim itsep egationatRedOnion.Only tim ewilltellifVirginia'sefortswillbem etwiththesnm ekindofsuccessfound ip M ississippi and M aine.

A dequate M entalH ealth T reatm entN eedsto BeA ssured

'
Ifwearegol gto m aintaintheuseofsev egationin theUnitedStates-whetherweareableto

successfullylim ititsuse-weneedtoensurethatadequatem entalhealthservicesarealways

provided to every segregatedpdsoner.n ere arevery seriousconsequencesto oursociety ifdo

notatle% tm aintain an tmderstandingofthedangersanddsksposedtosùcietyby prolonged

segregation.

N

orm

alhum

atz cono

ctisessentialforensur@lng

'
successful com

m

lml0.ty

re-entry

and

reducing recidivism rates. Butlong-term sev egation and isolation doesnotfacilitate

rehabilitation and canin factcreateandexacerbateexisting sçriousm entalillness.Forprisoners

withmentalillness,yearsofisolation withm inimalface-to-facecom mtmicationi11equipsthem r
forsucéessfulcomm tmityre-entry.Forthosewithoutam entalillness,thehnrm from lengthy

segregationcanbejustasdnmagng.

n erefore,prisonersinprolongedsepegation shouldberegulady evaluatedtoensuretheyare beingproperlytreatedandtheirmentalhealthisnotbeingadverselyG ected.M prepsychiaG sts and psychologistsareneededtoregularlyassessandinteractwith segwgatedprisonerstobegin rehabilitationforsuccessfulre-entryinto thegeneralpdsonpopulationand,in mostcmses,reentryintosociety. lt'sclearlyinsociety'sbestinteresttôensurewehaveadeqm tem entalhealth treatm entinourprisonsystem .

c onclusion

In sllmmary,ourgoalshouldbeto lim ittheprolonged useofsegregationin al1U.S.prisons. ,
Sev egationshouldonlybe used inextrem ecircum stnncesand weshouldconstnntly beasking the question:RD oesthisprisonerreally need to behere and w hatisthebestwayto tm nsferthis individllnlinto the prison'sgeneralpopulation?''
E3l

J.A.- 315
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W eneedtoalsoenstzretheprisonsystem servestorehabilitateprisonerstobecomejroductive membersofotlr.sociçty.n epracdceofprolongedsegregationhasproventobe

cotmterproductivetothatggal..Ofpn'rticull concem .isthefactthatm ostpris'onersin

segregationwilloneday bereleasedbackintopurcommunity,soweal1haveastnkein psing

provenmethodsofrehabilitation andsuccessfulcomm lmityre-entry.

'

Effbrtstolimitprolongedsegrégationcutsagainstthepainoftheoldwa8ofdoingthings.
Changetakestimeandwehaveverywell-meaning,professionalpeopleincoaections. W eneed theassistançefrom theU .S.DepsrtmentpfJusticetohelp Statesdevelopandadheretolmiform standafdsandguidelinesforsep egation.W emustbewillingtotnkethenecessarystepstolimit theuseofprolongedsep egationtoonlyextremeçircum stances,4ndtheU,S.Depnrtm entof. Justicehasacriticaltoroleto enstzreStatesareincompliance.

Thankyou fortheopportunityto shv ew1t11theSubcomm itteem yviews.

(41
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. . LEGALA ID JUSTICEC ENTER

ff X M '
''

AbigailTprner

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'Litigation Diredor '

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Statem entforthe Record ofAbigailTurner,Attorney

UNITED STATES SENATE
COMMIU EEON THEJUDICiARY
SUBCO M M IU EE O N THE CONSTITUTIO N,CIVIL RIGHTS AND HUM AN RIGHTS

I

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. Hearinqon

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ReajsesqingSolitary Consnement:The Hum anRiqhis,FiscalandPpblicSafety

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C onsequences

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June 1:l2c12

Chairm an Durbin,Ranking M em berG raham and m em bers ofthe Subcom m ittee, thankyouforholding this im podanthearing on a topicwhich needscongr:ssional SCIMtiny. Thankyou forthe oppodunityto share ourexperiènce aboutthe human rights violationsourclients expe'riqnce in solitary confinem entinVirgiqia'sprisdns. '

The LegalAid JusticeCenterrepresentstwelvem:nwhohavebeenheld in

prolohged.,solitaryconsnementinVirginia'ssupermaxpjson,RedQnionStatePrison.
Eightofthe twelve have diagnoses ofsefious m entalillneys.A feW have recently been

transferredtotheW allensRidgëStatePrison,buttheywritethattheycontinuetobe

held in solitary cells. '

'

AmongtheM elvemen,Séveralwhohavelehtalijjnyss'yavebeeninSolital
confinem entfor15 years,6years,5 years,with the shodesttim e being 1.5 years.The
DePadmentofCorrections(DOC)hasno Iimitsonhow Iongaperionwithmentalillness '' '
can be keptin solitaty confihem ent.

TheVirginia Depae entofCorrectiohsholdsabout1,70:menandwom#pin

''segregatio'n.''lnaddition,Iregularlygetlvttersfrom .

adultsh@'Id

inIocaljails,

some of

whoM are heldtormonthsinsolitary.SolitaryconfinemehtinVirginiaisnotconfinedto

adults.Youth are oqen confined to theirroom sorheld inse'gregatibhunitbwhere there .

açe barriers in accessing education and otherseN ices.

TheVirginia DepartmentofCortectionssendsaIImenclassifiedast'segregation'

to Red O nion. However,notaIlm en classified as 11Segregationliand assigned to Re-d

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Onionhavecolrtiittèdviolentcrimesorhakedisplayed violentbehaviorsatother

p/isons.

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Telenlnnne-aRa-1o0v0g0-nPcqr-èas.to2.-Avezn>u4en,vSvunitrecoA-.'nC'h''a.r-lo.ttnensvnill-e-;-V-A--7'2-903 ' ' --'

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AIIprisonersàeldinsegregatedpodsspend23J insolitaryconfinementatRed

O nion. Atm ost,theyhave one hourfiye daysa week in recreation outside oftheircells',

they can showerthree days a week.They eatalIoftheirm ealsalone intheircells and '

hpve

ho

group

o. r)'socialactivityofany

kind .

W

hentheyleave theircells,they are in

shacklesand handcuffs.Mostare required to kneelon the concretefloorforguardsto

place and rem ove the Ieg shackles. Recreatiln is in cagessurrpunded by wire fencing.

àomecanseetheskyfrom thecages,butoftenprisonérscannotseetjye skyuecause

plexiglass coversthe top ofthe cage.

Prisonerswith m entalillness should notbe held in solitafyconsnem ent: Federal

coudshaveconsistentlyruledthatholdingprisoneréwithseriousmentaiillnessin

solitaryorsupermaxconfinementviolatestheEighthAmeidment.The 2010ABA

Crim ihalJusticeStandardsontheYreatmeqtofPrisonersstate:''Noprisonerdiagnosed

wjth--tti-ig.usmentaIillnessshouldbeplacedinlon -term segregatedhousing./.
Standard 23-2.8(a). (hereafterStandardq)Evènforprisonerswithoutmeptalillness,the
ABA Standardsstate:'IN oplaçempntindisciplina housin shouldexceedoneyeann

Standard,23-4.3,

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O urclientsexplaip thattheirm entalillnesses becom e m uch worse aftérthe

Iengthy solitary. Prisoners'medicalrecords constm theséfacts.Solita? consnem ent

does notfacilitate reha,Militationandcancreateandexacerbateexistingmentalillness.
NOnnaIhum an contactwith the outside world is essentialforensùting sucdessful
reentl tothecommunityanàreducingrecidivism ratesforprisonerswithmentalillness.

Exceptduring theone hourfivetimesperweekrecreation,jrisonerscantalkto öther

prisoners only through the heatihg vents.Forprisoners with mentalillness,years of

isolation with m inim alfacerto-face tom m unicationw ithtothers iIIequipsthem for

successfulréentry

in

the

com

m

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unity.

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TheABA StandardsqtatethataIlprisonersinsolitaœ shouldlbeprovidqdwiti meaningfùlformsofmental,physicalandsocialstimulation.,Standard.23-3;8(c).Yhis

includes 'daily facè-to-faie interpctionw ith both unifprm ed and cikilian staE ''ld.

'

Subsection(c)(iv).W e aretroubledthatprisonerswith'mentalYillneàsex'p' erienceIong

.

.

yearsofisolàtipnw ithout'm entaland socialcontact.W e do notbvlieke thatsuch

isolation preparesthem to be successfulin returning hom e.

Solitary cancreate othersocial,m entaland em otionalproblem s. Itcan have shattering psychologicaleffectseven forprisonersw ithoutm entalillneàs.zThe ABA

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lhttp://w w.aiericanbar.orlnublications/criminaliustice'section archive/crimfuststandardstreatmentprison

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.

' .

1!teIllhereisnbtasinglepublishedstudyofsolitaryorsupèrmax.-likeconsnementinwhlchnonvoluntary

ccnfinem entlastingforIongerthan10days,whenpadicipant.swereunabletoterm inatethèirisolationatwill,

thatfailedtoresultinnegativepsychologicaleffeds-'Haney,draiw MentalHealthlssuesinLongrTerm Solitae and

''Supermar Confinement49crimeandDelfnq/ency132,lan.2003.

'

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standardsrequire thatshodlyafterapersoqisplacedinsegregated hpusing',he orshe

should receivea''M eni@Ihealth screening,conducted in p:rsonbyaqualifiedm ental

'

.

.

healthprofessional...lfthe assesimentindicatesthe prèsehèeofaseriousmentàl

iltness,ora historyofseriousmentalillness...theprisonèrshould be placedinan 'environmentwhereeppropriatetreatmenican'occun'pstatdprd2àQ .8(b).

Asfaràswe cantell,uponenteringRed Onjon,notreatment.staF hasaface-to-
facementalhealthaispssmentinterview withaprisoner.ùualifivdMentalHealth
Practitioners(QMHP's)'dothéassessmentsspeakingtothe prlsonerthroughthesteel

doorjam withCO'sandpossiblyotherpriàonersstanding.closeby.A visitwiththe

psychiatristmayoçcurforprescqibisng drùgs,butCO sarepreyentinthosè meetingsas

w ell.

'

TheABA Standaqdsrequire''pppqopriateandindividualizedm entalhealthcare

treatment:nd habilitationservice'stopriponé.r:witJhmenlalillness,Y:ntalretardation,

'

,.

.

orotherqognitiv. imp,irments.''àtandard2â-6.11(a).

p

'

The primarytreatmentRed Onionprövidesto prisbip rswithmentalillnèssis

psychùtr9picdrugs.QMHP'Sperioàicallypas:throughthepodétoskeàkwithprispners.

suchmentalhealth''treatment'isprim arilyinonthlyaqsessmentsoireviewsconducted

byQM HP'Sstandingipapodcorridortalklngthroughthe doorto the prisoner,with,a .
CO and possiblyothqrprisonerswithinearshotr

ThepresenceofCO'swhentell-sidetalksoccurbeM eentheQMHP'Sandthe

prisoner,and the prqsenèe ofCO's in priéoneté'visits inthe psyihiatrist's office,hinder

opencomm unicatioiand make meaningfultreatmentimpnssible.Giventhestigma

attachedintheprison environmenttoanythingthatcouldbeperceivedaswéaknespor

vulnerability,thisIadkofconfidéntialityviduallkguarantèesthatprisonerswithmehtal

illnésswilldownpiayordenytheiriljneéses'.

'

Treatlentstaffrepoded thatadditionalmeqtalhealthtre4tmentcaninclude
packagesofwrikénMatèrialsdalledCognitiveBehaviötTherapjdistributedbyQMHP'S
atthe celldoors.A priéonercym pleteswritten assignm ents and receives'a new package.Givqnthe Iadköfopportùhitytodisdussquettipnàandissueswithpsychology
trainedstàffandthelow level?o#literàcyinpriponpopuIations,writtenexercisesate
IikelytobèaècessibletoonlyàsmallM inorityofprisonersandofIittlerehabilitativp
value.

Prison om cials stated thàteùeN person in segregation has a classification review every 90 dayswhich isconducted bythe counselorànd unitm anager.A m ore formal
annualclasszcation'ievièw occursalso.Prisonerscom plaiiedtö'l-egalAidattorneys
thatthe 90-day review sare often skipped and are proform a withoutm eaningful oppodunities to provide evidence ofim provpd behaviois.

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InFebrual,2U11.RedOnipn established astrictersegregationpod- B-300.
Thispodhasadditionalshikedo/nsandstripsqarches.Priqonèrscomhl@inedtoLegal Aidattornvysthatsearches1nthecageailowedoii:rprisonersandguards,including
fem ale:,to observethem naked.Conducting stripseafcheswhpreotherscanseethe mannakqddoe:notconform totheABA Standards.'V sualsearchesofa prisoner':
privatebodilyareas,.k.should:(i)beconductedonly...inaprivateplacqoutofthe sightofotherprisonersandofsta; notinvolved in'thesearch...''Ztandard23-7.9(d).:
The recreation cageforBr300Isinside the prison.

A new wafdpn assigned'to Red O nioù in Septem berzollpurpodedlyclosed the B-300 cèll. Howevër,ourcliéntstellusitisstillbeing qsed,éndaoneofpurclientsWith
seriousmentalillnesshasreçentlgbeenhousedinthecell.

..

W

e

are

also very conceçned .

abouttheJfrequentu?e

bf.phyàica.lrestràints.O

ne

manwithseriousmentalillnesswasplaced inrestraintsonfol -sixoccasiohsduringa

period ofa Iittleoverthreeyears..Ipfiqeenofthose instances,5vepjjntrestraintswere

used,andfor.thiA -onehewasinam bplatol restraints.Hespentbe- eentenand

sevpnT-sixhoursin5vvpointrestraints andbeG eenG elvehogrsandelevendaysin

ambulatof restraintsk

Asmanyas75% ofthéprisonersatRed OnoinareAfdcanAmqricanand many

'

-'

.

.

arefrom prbanareas.AlmostaIIofthesta:isWhiteandliveintheneariysmalltowns

andruralareés. Stal appèartohave littletraininginperspnalinter4dionswithmenof

otherracqsand evenIeésaccountabilikxwhidhinsiétsonrespecdulinteractiops.One
clientsucceededingettingadecislon.intheiederalcoudthatanomcerh:dused unauthorkedexces:iveforce.ItisnotunusualforguardstoçallV ricanAm'ericanmen

f'nigger.*A veryvulnprableprisonerfeelsthatsta/harasshim toseihim o@.Hegoes ,
forIongpeiiodswithoutrecreationtostaysafeandavoidoëçersWhotry tbgethim to

snap. Others had written us aboutconcerns thatCO,>were pièking on tjjs man.

.

.

.

.

' . .

.

.

Suicideisadominantthemefrom ourclients.Manyturntheirirustrationandrage

inwardandattemptsuicide:weheard hoW tom àkearppefrom abed-sheet,swallowing

m etal,batteries,orcleaningflùids,@nd#aw thesçarsfrom wristslitting.Onestated:ul
alwaysthinkofsuicideinhere.n Sujcidewassopalpableduringa2011visitthatWe

counseled severalm eh againstkilling them selves,pointing outthey had fpm ilytheyhad

t: Iivefor.Some repodedthatitisnotrare6 ramanto injuréhimselfbyiticking items

in his penis.

'

O ne m an explained:usolital ism aking m ym entalhealth worse. Ihad nothàd

sgicidalthpughtssince 1997-98.*Buthenow wakesupqverymorningwantingto kill

him self.

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.

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Safety prom duresform en with m entalillnesshave @lso been neglected.Two

.

'

'

.

. +enwhosuferedfrom mentalillnesshavebeenmufderedatRed Onion.InJqly2010,

AàronCoopvr,a manwithmentalillness,waschockedtodeathatthe handsofa

prisönerwhowasa knownmurderer.Robert.Gleason hadmurdered hiscellm ateat

W allens Ridge Prison and hadtold the prison om cials he would killagain. M r.G leason
' wastransferred to Re'd OnionwherëQ r.Cooperwashissecondvictim.Bothofthe

victim ssufered with m entalillness.

'

p

.

.

'

KawaskiBasswasmurderedonSeptember6,2011atRedOnion.Mr.Bass '
was living in Progressive Hoùsing,where prisoners live M o m eh to a cell. The alleged
murdererisa Mr.W atson,Bass'scellmatp.ThereasonfortheMurderqounds '
frighteningly sim ilarto G leésonjsfirstm urderatW allenéRidge Prison.According to a
client,Baiswas''allegedlyexhibitingderanged behavièrihthecell.(i.e.walking around inthe nude,talking to himseltl''PriionersrepodthatW atsontoldprisonauthoritiesto
m ove Bajs outofthe'cellbutprisonom cialsdid notaddressthe situation.

'

.

.

M arion CorrectionalTreatm entCehteris the DO C's hospitalforacutely m entally

ilIm ale offenders.Self-hatm such as attem pted suicide isoqenthe reason a Red Onion

prisoneris com m itted to Marion.A prisoner'sclassiscationof'lsegregation'continues at

M arion and greatly Iim its his abilityto Ieave his celland padicipate intreatm ent.

A frontpagefeatureonRedOnionappearedint6eW ashingtonPostonJanuary

8 ,

:012gand

Iègislators introduced

bills in the

GvneralAssem bly in Janual

t'o require

.

the State to hire outside expedsto recom m end how to reduce the use ofsolitary.Then

.

the Depadm entofCorrectionsannounced itintended to m ake changes ip solitary.4 In

April,DOC annoupcéd the introdgction ofan incentive system with rewardsforgood

behaviorsuchasmoreaccessto comm issary itemsandmovementwithoutshackles

w iththe possibility ofm oving to population.O urtlients have repodrd sèeing very few

changes in oppodunities todate and no increase intreatinentsform entalillness.

'

,

Solitary confinem entasoperated in Virginia's high security prisons is inhum ane.

'

'

'

'

Thepracticesexaèeiiateth.e.symptomsofmentalillness,leadtodespairandsuicide .

'

'

.

.

1

Va.Prisons'U5eofSolitaryConfinementisScrutinized,TheW ashingtonPost,Jan.8,2012,p.A-1.
'
4Va. PlanstoM odifkPrisonerjsolation,TheW ashingtonPost M ar.31,2012,A-1.

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attqmpts@ndthreatenthesafetyofthecommunitywiehprisonersqarereieasedaqer
sMffering ,barbaric practices. Respectfullysubm itted,
AbigailTurner,Abigail@ juàtice4all.org ClaireCurry,Claire@ juktiçe4all.prg
Alexr.Gulotta,Alex@ jusjce4all.org
(

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MIMR6

Tribeca Film Review :fsolita '

Z .J7/ '
&
-

v. s - . J

y?z-t''.i:.--:(.q.(,?:.-'t',tl:.,-.''fd$p.y'k'.s?t,,.:'t)i-t.)jj

.

êl

.
-
t.

PhotocourtesyofTribecaFilmFestival Zzde+..J,,-' #6*.tu

April16,2016I07:0OPM PT

- -

KristiJacobson takes audiences inside Red O nion State Prison, revealing w hatIife is Iike forsom e ofVirginia's w orstoffenders. .

There'sIittle hope,Mutcpnsiderable insight,found inI'Solitàly,''KristiJacobson'sdocumentaryabout

W iseCounty,Vlrgpnia'sRed Onion StatePrispn,asupermaxfacijitywhereçonvictsareholedupfor23 hours a day in separate 8#-by-10'cells.Shotoyerthe coup e ofa yeaq the film presents an unfiltered
.
knsider'sview oftheircoiodess day-to-days,w hich are Iargely spenttl ing io stave offm adness-

Aithough its perspective is a tad too unbalanced,this unflinching Iook atinm atevisolation w ill- after

itspremiereatthisyear'sTribecaFilm Festival- proveyetanothersturdfadditiontoHBO's
nonfiction slàte.

Jacpbson utilizesa sparsescore forglim psesofhersetting'ssurrounding rurallandscape:a gray,m istylocale

wheretheclosingofIocalcoal.minesmotivatedmanytoembraceèmploymentatthepenitentiay Themajority
ofusolitaryr''however,isawashintheûnholydin ofRed Onion,where inm atesscream ,wail,howland bang

aboutin endless ekp- ressionsoffuryand frustration.Thatcacop- hony- doès m uch to sit%uat,e viewers inthis
.
particular,inhospitable space and is com plemented byvisualcom positionsthathighlightthe fences,bars,

frosted windows,and blue steeldoorsthatkeep its ocçuppntsconfined.

>

'

Interm ittenttextcardsstatethatover100.000Am erican inm atesexistin solitary,and in M rginia,they getthere
byviolatinggeneral-populationprisonrules(generallyr'forfightingortr/ngtoescape).TheIengthoftheirRed
Onion residences are determined by theirabilityto behave and com pletea re-acclim ating Step-Down program .

YetasJacobson's interviewees claim ,theirstays are infactindefinite,@nd regulated by dictatesthatseem blind

totheireffortstotoe theline(forexaMple,attempted escapeeshavenochanceforleaving solitary).Solace,if

attainable,comesintheform oftelevisipnprùgramsandoutside-the-celljobs,orviaretreatsintotheirown

minds,w heretheycan im agine a realityfarfreerthantheirown.

.

I'Solitary''concentrates on a handfulofRed O nion's inhabitants,aIIofthem Iocked awpyforserious crim es and

resignedto spending the restoftheirIivesbehind bars.Theyare,byand Iarge,well-spoken and introspective,

4

'

.

the latterborn from thefactthattheirtim e is m ostly spentbythem selves,with onlym ihim alcontactwithguards

- and chats with otherinm atesthrough cells'airvents- tom itigate theircrushing seclusion.

W hen Randall,who'sserving two Iife sentencesform urdering a gas-station attendantduring a robbery,states
thatsolitary''getsto you,and ithurts Iike hellynhe speaksforeveryone in Red Onion,whose system prim arily
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breedsrage,Ioneliness,and psychological'issuesverging onoutrightinsanity.

Like Randall,abandoned by hisparentstothe fostersystem and hisown crim inalinclinations,head-tattooed M ichaelrecountshis own upbringing enthralled by California gang culture.Theirtalesofchildhood woesuggest thatnurturehadaIottodowiththeirpresentsituations.However,the matter-of-faétwayinwhichRandall
describessliqingafellow inmate'sthroatufrom eartoèar'inordertoavoidbeingpotentiallyraped- aswellas the attemptsbyMichaeland burlyDennistodownplayth4irarmed-robberycrimes(andsubsequentin-prison face-slashingsandfights)- underlinesthefactthat,nomattertheircorruptingupbringings,they'renow
terrifyingly volatile,violence-prone individuals.

Jacobson makesnoovertgesturesofsympathytowardhersubjects,thoughintheirmonotono'usroutines,and intheirarticulationsofexaspèratîonovertheirIimitedchancesforreprieve,herfilm implicitlyarguesthatsolitary

confinem entbegets onlysuicidalthoughtsand/oruncontrollable anger.W hen M ichaeladm itsthathe

som etim eswelcom esa physicalaltercationwith guards- and when young correctionsofficerJordan

confesses Iikewise,saying thefeelings those skirm ishesinspireareakin to scoringa touchdown orhitting a

homerun- 'Solitar/'pinpointshow institutionssuchasRedOnioncultivatephysicalandemotionalbrutalityin

eyeryone Who stepsthrough itsgates.

'

By notplum bing the restofherinterviewees'backstories,orthe warden andcorrectionalofficers'Iives,
''Solitary'failsto presenta m ore comprehensive cross-section ofthe dynam icsatplayatRed Onion.Still,
..)
retgsingtoshyawayfrom harshtruthsaboutboththeseinmates'crimes,aswellastheir'cagqdanimal''
conditions,the5lm offersa com plicated portraitofzlst-centurycrim e and punishm ent- one in whichthe
' .
questionofwhethersolitaryconfinem entisunnecessarilyandunproductivelypunitive,orajustpenaltyfor
xpxtrem e olenders,'isIeftforthe viewerto decide.
.'.N ' ,
Tribeca Film Review :'SolitaryB

Reviewed atHBO Screening Room ,New York,April12,2016.Running time:80 M IN.
P roduction

(Documentary)AnHBO DocumentaryFilmspresentationofaCatalystFilms,MottoPicturesproduction,in.coproductionw ith,W DR,SW R,inassociationwithArte,inco-productionwithVitalProjectsFund,inassociation
With Blue Ice FactFund and SutorKolonko.Produced byJulie Goldm an,KristiJacobson,Katie M itchell. Executive producers,David M enschel,Sheila Nevins.Seniorproducer,NancyAbraham .Co-producer,Ingm ar
Trost.Co-executive producers.Steven Silber,NeilTabat nik,Robin Sm ith.
' ,
Crèw

Dirycted

by

KristiJacobson.Cam

era .

(color,wîdescreen,HD),NelsonHume;editor,BenGold;music,X

Griffin;

sound(DTS/SDDS/DOIbyDigital),JohnMathie;supervisingsoupdeditor,Tom Paul;re-recordingmixer,Tom

Padl.

J.A.- 324
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Somelègalchak,.'enges Kennedysaidtheresearch
arebeingheazd'lnlower confirmsthat'.yearson

ccoastue-ltsh,airtlccloutdv'L..%fh'aakveizigt-hskia

cndofncfLuutotatisolation
exactsaterribleprice.''

waytotheSupjé.meCourt Kennedyilzrecentyears

aSe0.rkblasthelb'èwtel'm hasexpressedg'rowing

be . '* ginCcttober ,

conternsoverpzi'sonc'on-

Fetdgsaysthewordsof diuonsandtherightsof

Kezmedy,oftelî'aswing c'riminaldefendauts.He
voteincasestlz'atdivide wrotethecourt's5-4n11-

i,hecoim 's ingilz203.1thatfotmd

x'zl'.:*1u:!:-r71-.'*p'.,ty'.)!Fz*r...t:tl-,iQbaesraarlva-alz.d

tw ezczowttinginCaronlk
pzisöns;)(!t:()fnak'teq'uate

.wtqq,*s- tiveJzus- l-nnnatehealthcarethat

5.ww.. ,.4.,....ra........,..;.,........i..,....

<

'''J.',*,.'' ' e..,.7)è:.*$..'jr.../jcj.'::l..)'a.z.;,.;..;f-'.,14.'..;,lrc...u....,'e.-:!.''?.:.''''..,'.'J.'.)..:,.;''.J.-'';<''.: ''

' ..'..,'.yjlv:Jr.i.'.(r'..t.l..-v'.$24'',,I)1.>..'t.f):.:jj''..Pf',.a.3j$..rï'.'tf(.'..'.I.;'....'.) J7'.'''.'fu.:'f...

jktllbr;tJ'jf6w'I>z....',.z,.tz%.t.'.l.'..i''.r:.',!.k..'.,>jt.:y.......;2svj.=d..yty,..h,.'cL,!.p..'u.,-.'z....,.!..k.:.mivjd**six!?.$..':..L..a..l..w#'..,$s.s'.-,-.,..i*7..t.u:....g.7):.j..'.-l.':;,.j.)#.;',e.<..y'?.j..,C..l..:!.u.''...,...;'.....Ij.r;..?h...'.,,4:k..s......'te.J..-J..',$z...1.:.'..''...-.'.;.:.F...r,I.k,.?'l,1.,,Jr.;'.1k....'r,...z',.',.?b....1'.&..'.,':.jt..a''.(ut'yf..'t...'',.-.'-'-.!.',;i.yk...k1;.ïf..t'4-('jYz-,:.:-''rz'.1s...h,.1s'&'.t...t!h)':.-,..I..z:..ft.,'J..... ..,.

Jusuce *'onzy.'K..a edy. 'a'jxz''gxZ-xZ.JeIuJ.a.C.jY;tOOp8Ajj.8 CIVIX,.j,C..'UfS).UY stepco.fconde 1)glong-

.-ypy'v'<vk-4yiyr1 ' dces,senda P:.-- . , qtl.ongsig4.' naltolovzez
priet'.o c,ourtjudges

wasTfèruel.andtm usual'
undertheEighthztm endm entAudin2012,he
sidedwiththecotgt'slib-

ten-X.jj.8evill.t CO. W-.I'IIICII,Ysp

.,i.jlattu s eralsina5-4decisionthat

@ @ ;aSeD*:alZtC,',.Oaj3.1x1lo.orx isabroadhtm taarights threw outfm andatozylife

mt.aol..KdaoejCu'.n's.aZv'*vnS.'#'le..et.hd.OI-IsmR'?U.'t.h%nOo.Ej'.eaXni.uysc.jtse''!/1l.j6r.)w...h-.q4-itujlIelC.msR-g-. ,

issue.'

irlprison ld.thoutparole

a'lrKeeardmyegdnyl'n'si:,-(.,x'u,'f:z?-%s-tieopnmc.qJ2U.iSs-

ferluverl.pes. L-astymkq Colora..do

ticesStephenBrayermnd pDsedala/.thatbtuls

..psuaprgacgtj*coe''os.lgC.z(uo)n.m@geosnCjI.OGs''b-,c'edgyaCtZpmSCn

RituftahvoBraabde:lyrlGekz'.ls)lstlhntalnrgtwcloted

priscm offidalsfzoruplacihgm entaâlyillinm ates

ch en .'gVI..'I-.' ..aJ,spol- weekslaterinladissent inlong-tel'm solirarycon-

7..1..'.
. .. ,
.;',

*1 ojsojjt co ement thatquesdonp'ldwhether or ea row. j atesls thedeathpenalty'wad

snem ent,k'nlesstllereaze specialcircum stances.

-

bem. g, appealedto.j eU .S. consim tional.Theliberal NevadaandTexashave

QI!nm 'm. skf'no)J.r+ !

'iusdcqscondemned''the pàssedhiltstostudy'ëhe

Theopw .onm. ;aeC @- dehllm pnizihgeffec'tof issue,at-idkivlnine'antiznew

solitaryconfiqem 'ent''fof' M ezcoha'vebeenworkini

ft.fzV.

'ktfno.emrneoi.Kautecnaosn'eetwdhyaeshtnoap'dtitcshp.eHo:-e'rstdeathrow inmates.

toreducetheiruseofsoli-

AndPzesidentBarack tarycoe nem ent.

'tese edbeforeCon/ess Obnm asnnouncedlast Onecasethatcotlld
.inM archtlzatAm erlca'n monthtllatheaskedAt- sooncomebeforethe

prisons.relytoomuchon tozneyGenezpulLo'retta courthwolvesachallenge

holdingl'nmates.lnisola- tynchtobeginarekiew of toVkgm'-'kk'spracticeofau.

donandsaidiif'iittkally qjjy;se4:overtzse,'nof'soj.jgtary tom adcallyholdingdeath

'ddveà-tibefffllad ' ' cttie fèrrfentifïibdèrai' -row k-EtznaLes'in.solsta..q,r

ButthétoneofhlsJune prisons.

c0nflnem e'nt..Afederal

18opirlionsurprijedm any 'f-fhesocialscience judgerktlkdin2013that
civillibeftiesv ol',pb'vzith showsthatanl viron- azound-''the-clockisolador

itsqlm ostexplicitéallfora mentlikethat'ld'often ofcondénm edprisoners

freshlegalchallengetothe m prelikelytorflakein-

Pracdceofkeepih.gprison- matqsmorel ènated,

ersin''awindowlegscell m orehostile,.pt'''jotendally

noilargerthan at'yfical m oreviolentfiobnm a

P% azl-ingspotf,or.1.3hotzrs tfy'clth..qnnq'twJ1jmntbp

a day-''

enceofthéN,%M CPizi

issoseverethatplison officialsshouldmakethe
decision on acase-bp
casebasis.Buteazliertllis
&'eaz,adiv-idedf4deralap-
pealsceuztinRt'clinond

ttl/veneverseenithap- Philadelpbia.

reversectt

penbeforé,''sa.iclztmyFet- M ore$.1)81380,000in- JudgeQkianaGzibbon

dg,an attom eyvdththe m ateswereheldinsom e M otz,wntlizgforthe2-1

AmericmlCivilLtberdes form ofisolâicninfed- m ajorits'saidtheisoladon
Union'sNaïonalPrison eral,stateandlpcalpris- thatchazgcterizesVz'rgi'n-

Prol*ect.lCEveryclivilrig'hts ozisin2005,accordingto ia'sdeathJ i3ow isfltm deniattom eyirlthecbun- areporfhom 'theBuzeau ablysevere.aBujsjjesaitj

tryheardltiscall.Cer- pflusdceStqtistics.The theU.s.s.tlpremçcouz't

'thwaaeisr'xripeyp,aJqlulq'spttr/iéc-psehaKqneY'dnbgrc-ie;rodwywnall'k'rl!'im.tusemcoebfteharSèih:u.tApgseg'hio..,ktt-ewanxi,yt,hhp-atyhjrspeolyns

ha4lopg'hbldthAtstateof-
'/cials'fvvtbipad.'lâiittzde
tosetpdson conlditionàas

intendedtosepegatethe theyseefit.''

Theunusualôpinian wzhostviolerilp isoners.

Attom ep fort11#:1-

ïthroemcoJtuhre.tAj'sulsa.dn-cdef3Whah2rok7Nvrote

Butsom ystateshave
beg,.m tofë-examinfethe

m ate,Alfredolsrié'io,have alreadyappèalebtliecase

Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Docèuàm-irtee-nsetx7m4a-2risâ'tF-éilr-el-1dl'm'0s8/2é2ff/e1c6tivenPeassgzefs3oi7itaoryf 61 tPoathgeesiudp#ze:m6e1c3dttrt,and

:.wasaboosttoopponents conqnem eikasstudl-es thejuw ceshave'askedthe

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elp* > >
B ack topreviouspace

ppst

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Solitaryconnnem entinVikginia
by EditorialBoard,Published:January 15,:* 3+
DEEP I'N THE I-IEART ofVirginiacoalcotmtrysitsainbuntaintoppdson,itsrem otelocation a.!l .
outw ard expression oftheplightoftheinhabitantsinsidv.-Som e500 ofits745 inm atesareheld insolitarvconfnem ent- 23hotlrsaday,sevendaysaweek,som eforyears- withvirtually
notmman contactorm eaningfulstim ulation.Prison offkialsestimatethat173ofthosein
solitarysufferfrom m entalillness.W hethertheillnesswasinducedbyisoladon isnotknowp;
whatisbeyond disputeisthatisolatioh exacerbatestheyroblem .
ThisisR ed Onion State Prison,asdescribed by The Post's,%nitaK llm arkV il-girlia isoneof44 statesthatenlistsolitary conGnementqsaway to managesomeofitsprisoners.Virginiaofficials estim atethatasofthisfallroughly 1,800inm ateswerekeptin isolation,com prisingalarge chunk ofthe25,000orsopdsonersnationwidewhofm dthem selvesinthesecpéditiopsevery day.PdsonersAtRed Onionhavebeenkeptinsolitaryçonfinementfrom twoweekstoseven years,accordingtoM s.Kllmar'sreport,withan averagelength ofstayin sep egationof2.7 years.
V irginiaofficialssaythattheyrely(in solitary confinenienttomanageinm ateswhoaretmableto coneoltheirrageorwhohaveassaultedcorrectionsoffcersorotherplisoners.Sometim es,they say,apzisonerisplaced inaspecialsegregationlmit= aboutthesizeofadoctor'sexnm room
- forllisowngoodtoavoidbeinginjtlredbypthers.zseèttrityandsafetyinaprisonmustbea
J.A.- 328
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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

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toppdority,andstratçgicandlim iteduseofsolitaiy confilwm ehtmayattimebeaneùessary
tool.Bùtroutine'reliG ceonprolongedsolitaryconfmementshouldneverbqthede(auj.
Short-term isolationisllnlikélytocauseserioushnrm kButprolongedsolitaryconGnem entcan leadto devastatingcolisequences,includh gpsychosis,reducedbrain fpmction,debilitating depression and increased ratesofsuicide.
Del.PatrickA.HopetD-ArlinglonlandSen.Adnm P.EbbintD-Alexandrialarenmongagroup
ofVirginialawm akersthathavetaken noticeofthestate'soutsizedrelianceon isolatibn and haveplçdgedtosptlrthenewly convenedGeneratM sem blytostudytheproblem töensure lim iteduseandtheavailabilityofm entalhealthtreae entforinmatesbeforetheyarerelemsed . into theco'm m lm%lty. Thefederalgovem m entalso hasaroleto play,and theJusticeD epnrtm ent should take uptherequestbythe LegalA id Justl.)ceCepter,which represents12 V irginiainm ates w hb havebeen held in prolonged lsolation,to ill'irestigaieS- irginià,spractjoes.
Otherstates,includingNew York andTexms,havemovedintherightdirection andbeganto reducetheirrelianceonsolitary confnem ent.Virginiashotlldfollow suit.
(tl)'FheW adhingtonPostCop pany

J.A.- 329
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AeVp.ap.eprfaislo:n1s'6u-s7e3of5s8olitaryD.cooncfin: e2m6entissc.rutiFnizileedd-:T0he6W/2a3sh/2in0gt1on7PostPg: 339 of 422 .

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confine ent is scrutinized

By Anita Kum ar,Published:January 7

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RICHMOND - AtRedOnlonState Prison,builtona

mount4intoplnareniqtepocketofsouthwestVirgipia,more

thantwo-thirdsofth: Inmates Iive in solltal conrlnerrient.

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lnastatewhereabogt1in20prlsonersateheldii'solital,

Red Onion,a so-called su ermax rlson,iso-lates-m ore inmates- . -

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't.han an othe'r aciI keeping m ore than 500 ofIts.qearly 750,

c

arges alone

for 2-3

ho- urs

a
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day

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tls th-e. size

ofa dod orl' -- - --

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Virqinia,oneof44statesthatusesolital confinpment,-hM 1,8-0.0people-ln-lsola-tlnn,asizablesiarqofthe

estlmated 25,000 people in solitary inthe nation's state and federalpridpns.

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Asmore becomesknownabouttheeffectsoflspl4tion= oninmqtehealih,publicsafetyand pdson

budgets- som e statess.have begun t; reconsid. erthepractlce,amonjthem Texas,which,IikeVirginia,is known asa law -andrordprstate.

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Mi:sissippi,New YprkpndTexashavebqgMntoscalebacktheuseofsplitaryçbnfinementundçrpressure

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from prison wâtchddjk.

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Now critic/ havecsettheirsights on Virginia,where Iawyers and inm ates.say some ofthe state's40,000

prispners,ihcluding som ew ith lpent:I-hèaIth issues,haoe been keptin'isblatiop foryears,in one case foc

1.4 'years.

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TheLegalAidJusticeCente'r,whichrelrejents12 inmatesin isolàtion inVirjinié,hasrequestedan

Ihveàtlgation by the U.S.Departmqntofpustke,which recently Iaunched a.probe lnto a 1,5.5.0--.17-e:

P. enhsylvania

pris. .on

w

here

inm

ates

com

plain s

of Iöng
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periods

of.isolatioh

and

a

laçk

of m

eht4I-heaIth

treatm ent..

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Virginiaofficialswererelud4ntto answerquestionsfro!nThëWashingtoh Postàboutthepradiceofsolltaly

confinement.In spm e instances,

id rad informationtoThePostand Ie islàtor;at

other'tlmes,theydeclinedto talkabouttheuse ofsolital confinement.

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''l'm Yeryconcernedabbuttakingawaypeopls'ssociallzâtioll''sald- .Adam-P ii D-Alexandr!p.,who

willbe sworn In asa statesenatorthis week. Ifthey haventinteradèd.with people fo(Iong perlodsèf

time,it's notgolng to m akethem behavebetten''

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' Ebbinisone ina group oflegislatorswho havebeenvisiiingprisonj,iqcludingRedOnion,to examinèhow

theirmostviolentinmatesaretreated.Del.PatrickA.Hope(D-Arlingtonl;FhoisIeadingtheeffoll saidhe

willurgethe GeneralAssem bly to studywaysto limitthe use ofsolltal confinem entand ofermore

tre4tmentbefore inmatesare released.

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J.A.- 330

htp://- C.awsasehi7ng:.t1o4np-cokv-.c0o0m6/.9..v2a--JprPisJon-sR-uSseB-of-sDoloitaclu-mcoensnnte7m4en-t2-is-sFcriuletindize0d8/z/2ol2l//1ll6/.,z:..8/P,g.x alogAekK4pu0hporf 6rln1t.htmPlalzg/zeli/dz#oi:z6112:658:24'PM)

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Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 340 of 422

Va.prisons'useofsolitaryqonfinementisscrutinized -TheWashingtgn Post

q

f; A prisonagencyspgkesmansaidthatinmatesaregivenbreaksfrom..segreg4tion,,- tjeurs tjqojute
. uses.to.referto solltal confinement- every 30 daysorthattheir.casesare reyiewed regularly.But .
inmatesand attorneyssay prisonssometimesskipthe review.

' Gov.RobertF.McDonnell R),aformerstateattorneygeneralwhohaspumped moremoneyandstaffintè

helplng prisoners reen ersociety,spid in a recentinterview thathewasunawareofthe complaints..

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''P:ople behind barshave clvilrights,''McDonnellsald.''Atthe same time,we have a duty to promote

publicsafety.Ifpeople shpw,evep in prison,thatthey can'tgetalong withotherprisoners,then they are

' treated accordingly.''

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Malcolm S rin s 24 whoisselvlngtiméinRedOnionforrapeandqbdudion,saidhismentaI-heaIth

probems have grown worse since he was putin isolatiop forassaultlng an officer5ve yearsago.

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Hehastriedtokillhlmselfmultijletimesandh4sbqrnmové.dbackandfoohfrom MirionCorredional
Center,a prison psychiatric hospital,w here hewas'housed'in segregatiôn,according.è.d prison om clalsand

his attorney. '

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''Insegregatlon,?lI1m uldd:isthipkpbout'myllfç,what1havebeenthrpugh,ihow peopletreatmehere,''

Springssaid ina phoneinterview,''IfIWaéinpopqlation,maybe Iwouldn'tbeasdepressed.''.

. AbigailTurnçr,Iltigation directoratthe LegalAidJusticeCenteriliCharlottesvllle/said eightofthé

organizatlo'n's12clientsin isglationinVirginiaprisonshaveseriousmentalillnessèsforwhichthèyreceive

inadequate treatm ent. .

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HaroldW .Clafkerdiredorof'theVirginiaDepartmjntofCorredions,declinedtocomment.Agenéy

spokesmanLarl TrayloqsaidinmatesarekeptinIsolationfordisciplinaq proble'ms- suchasassaulting
anotherinmate,'startinga ribtofhavtngweaponsordrugs- or'foradmlnistrativereasonsto'protectthem.

' Trqyloracknowledgedthataninmateinqertaintypesofsolital could''potentlailybeassignepthqre.for

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yeàrsaccordingtitheirriskabse<sment.vButhesàid Red OnionopefatesInaccordancepithnptional

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standardsand'isaccredited bytheAmericanCorredionalAssociation.

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AlthgughsolitaryconfinementhasIong beenatoolofprisondisçipllne'(4ndastàpleofpopcultùre

depidtionsofprlson llfe),theuseofsolltal becameincreasinglycommon inthe 1.980sand 1990j.Slnce

then,manyIegalandmedicalexpetshavearguedthatinmatesinisolation'forlongperiodsj erfrö

highersuicld-e rates,increase e r '

ed brain fun' ion nd ' '

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Thçyshouldbetryingtogetthem baqkinthjgenerplpopulikiipn, saidMarcMauqrrexecutived. iredorof

theSentencing ProjectinW ashington.nsometlmes,theséâre difficultsituations,butItonlycompoundsthe '

problem ifyou nevergetoutofthere.''

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InVirginia,m any ofthose jn isolatibn are atRed Onion,where two inmateqwere killed in thepatttwo

years by fellow prisoners.

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opeped

Red
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nion

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deep ip coalcountl

and about400 m ilesfrom

Richmond-

a dozen years

agoaspaQ ofa majorprlson-buildingèffortaftertheabolishmqntofparoleandtheIengtheningofprison

sentences.Like many bthersuperm ax prisons,Red Onion wasdesigned to consne - butnotnqcessarily

rehabilitate- thempst-dangeroqscriminals. .

As6fOdober,505of745 inmatesatRéd Onionwere insolitary,accordiggtothestate:W henzlegislators

toured RedOnionoàSept.1,pri#on offlclalstoldthem that173inmatesInsolltaly therewereionsidered

menyally ill.

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StateomcialssaidtheydonotkeepstatisticsontheIengthofisolationstays,buttheyioldHopëinarecent

m qmothàtRed Onlon inmates have been isoJlat.eAd.f-rom33tw1o weeksto alm ostsevenyears,with 4n average

Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 74-2 Filed 08/22/16 Page 41 of 61 Pageid#: 617

h/p://- .washinqtonpost.com/.,ava-prisons-use-of-soliuw-consnement-is-scrutinizpd/zoll/ll/z8/glo/kKHuhp- print.htmilz/z//zqqlz12:58:24PM)

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stay of2,7 years.

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:. Inmatèslnsolltaryfordisdplinaf purposesareheldfor30daysbeforereceivlng!15-daybreakifthey

ii have idditionallsolation time to seN e,TraylorsaidiThose isolated foradm inistratlve reasonshavetheir

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cases reviewed every seven daysforthefirst60 days and eMeW 90 daysafterthat,he said.

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DoenneislWanebbm'4a7lclOhausSWkeoeunndihinsgo.llAtafterfSoyr4mbboinregtahaWnar1d4en,eahres.reHceeiivsesdewanlnagd4ditPlo-nyaela3rùs-eynetaernsceenftoerntqerm.ed

W e-b-b-was-foundto have.mentalillnqssesasaçhild includin biqlardiorderandschizo hrenia,although
firmanyyearsth#statelistedhim asnee Ingno '/eamen,Turnersaid. ï

AtRedOnlon,hewasgiveiwrittenquestionstoansweraspartofaprogram designèdto alterhisthinking

and behavior.Aoerthe papyrworkwasdone,he spoke to a counselorthrough the door.

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23 hours a day

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Prisoners held in isolntion spend 23 hoursa day alon:..in an at-leastor8. O-square-footcellwitha bed,prison

Om cialssay.

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Theyeatalone and have no group adlvities,Theyare moved in shacklesand handcuffs.Theironly

interadionsw1th otherpeople occurwhen prison em ployeessllde mealtraysthrough a shutteron the cell

doororcrouch down to speakthrough the slot.
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Threetimesaweek,theycanshower.Fivetimesaweek,theyaremovedforrecreationtoa96-squa4h

footcellwith m eyalwlrlng.

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''h', PrisonomcialsdeclinedtoprovideThePostaccessto ked Onion!citlngstatepolicy.ButDel.Charniele',Herrin D-Aexa ')saldshesaw a''senseofIoss''ininmates'seyeswhenshetoùred-theprisons. 1'.

''Theyvare turned back into societyw ith no benefitoftransltion.AreF e doing anythlngto helpthem ,

transition?''she sald.

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.''lam ej Reinhard,who was mentaI-health com m issionerunderDem ocraticgovernorsTim othy M.Kairie4nd
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=A .-MarkR.Warner,saidthosewithslgnlficantand chrqnicIllnesseshqvebeenputbehind barseversinc/the

nqtion begpn mpving awayfrom Iongstaysatpsychlatrlchospltalslnthe 1960s.uItysoutofsight,outof.

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'mlndy''hesaid.'%Idon'tthinksocietyhasaiotofsympathyforthem.''

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Traylorsaid thestatedoesnotknow how manyinmatesarereleasedfrom isolation into sociel orthe

Fortionofthe budgetspentonm:ntalhealth.Hetold Hbpethat30mentaI-heaIthcounselorsIosttheirjobs

ln2002becauseofbudgetcutsbutthatthpsepositlèpshaves'lncebeenrestored.Six Dositionswerecutin

2008.

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The Am erican BarAssociation callsforan end to solitary confinementforthe mentally ilIand one-year

maximum staysforotherinmates.InQdober,aU.N.expeoontortureurgedalIcountriestoIimitsölitary

confinem entto rare casesand'to ban Itforthe mentally ill.

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Lawsultshave been broughtbythe Am erican CivilLibertièsUnion and others In a half-dozenstates-

Including'W isconsin,Connecticutand California - because ofworfies aboutisolation's effedtonthe .

mehtally ill.
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Sprinqs,whohasbeenipandoutofprisonslncehewas13,wasInitiallysentencedforninefelènies, '
includlngcarjackingrsodqmyandabductionoftwolg-year-oldsinHamptonRoadsIn2004.Hismqntaiu

'healthproblems- Includlngbipolardisorder,depresslonandbojerlineperson4lity- arérelatedinha4to

chîldhood abuse.

'

' 'Hesajd heIsfrustratéd'thathedoésnotreceivethqtreatmentheneeds Usually,anurseand counsrlor
cometohIscellandaskhim how heisdoing- throughtheshutterintv door. .hlpl//w-Cawsasehi7ng:1to4n-pco'svt-.c0o0m6/e9e.v2a--JprPisJon-sR-uSseB'-of-Dsoolitcalu-mdoenJnsnt.e7Am4e-n.'2t--is3-sFc3ril'uet2fdngz0ed8/z/2ol2l//1l6l/z8P/galogAekK4H2uhpo-fp6rin1t.htPmlarzg/zeli/dz#ol:z6,112:8j8:24)MJ

1

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 342 of 422

Va.prisons'useofsolitary confinementisscrutinized -TheW ashington Post

MIcan'thavetreatmentbecauseI'm insegregation,''hesald.11/11Icandoissitandthink.''

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J.A.- 333
Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 74-2 Filed 08/22/16 Page 43 of 61 Pageid#: 619 h/p://www.washingtonpost.co,y/,zr.va-prisons-use-of-solital-conGnement-ls-scrutinized/zoll/ll/z8/gloAkKHuhp-print.htmlgz/zl/zolz 12:58:24 PM)

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Pg: 343 of 422

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Solitag confinem entin
V irginla

How toW irethe'Brain tù

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By EditorialBoard,Published:Janupry 15
DEEPIjTHEHEARTotVlrglniacoalcountœ sitsamountaintop
prison,11 remote locatlon an outward expression ofthe plight
oftheinhabitantsInside.Some500f its745Inmatesareheld
in'solitaryconfinement- 23 hoursa day,seven days aweek, sömeforyeprs- withvirtuallyno humancontad or
meaniqgfulstimulationuPrisonofficialsestimatethat173of
thoseInsolitarysufferfrom mèntalillness.Ahethertheillness
Fasinducedb.y iyolatlon isnptknown;whatlsbeyonddispute
Isthatisolation exacerbatesthe problem .

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dk-i,'7!j.).f:,pt,àbb;,$..1,. .
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ThisisRedOnlonStatePrisin,asdescribedbyThePost'iAnilaKumamrVirgini?isoneof44statesthat
enlistsolital c6nfinementas,awaytomanagesqmeofitspnsoners.Virginlaofficialsestimatethatasof

thlsfallropgply1:800inmatejwerekeptinIsolatlon,coNprislngaIargechunkofthe25t000orso
Pnsonersnatlonwlde who find themselvesIn these condltlonseveryday.PrlsonersatRed Onion have been

keptinsolitaryconfineTentfrom twoweekstosevenyears,accordingtoMs.Kumar'sreport,withan

averagelengthofstayInsejregationof2.7years.

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q

.

Virginiaomcialssaythatt1$ey'7',relyonsoIital confinementto manpgeInmateswhoareunabletocontrol

thelrrageorwho h4veasslblted correctionsomcersorothèrprisoners,Sometlmes,theysay,aprisoneris

pbIqcedinaspqcialsegregat-lpn'Mnit- abouttheslzeofadodor'sexam room- forhisowngoojtoavoid
elng injuredbyothçrs.Securityandsafetyinaprison mustbeatoppriority,andstrategicand Ilmited use

ofsolital confinementmay attlm,beanecessarytool,Butroutinerelianceonprolongedsolitaly

confinem entshould neverbe the default.

Shoo-term isplatibnisunlikelytocauseseriousharm,Butprolongédsollta; confinementcanIeadto

devastatlng consequences,in-cludinq psvchosi-sw red-uc-ed brain fundion,d- e- blliiatinq-d-em r-es-s-ionand

increased ratesofsuidde.

-

''

Del.ParickA.Ho - ' ion)and . P.Eb ' D-Alexa ')areamongagröupofVirginia

awmaersta avetakennoIceofthestate'soutsizedreliànceoqijolationandhaveplejgedtospurthe
newlyconvenedGeneralAssemblyyo studythep/oblem to ensure Ilmlted useandtheavallabilitypfmental healthtreatmentforihmatqsbeforetheyare released intothecommunlty.Thefederalgovernmentalsohas

argleto play,andtheJqstlce Depaomentshouldtake uptherequestbytheLegalAidJujyiceCeqter,
whlch reprèsents12Virglnia ihmateswhohave beenheld ln prolonged isolation,to InvestlgateVirjinia's

Practkes.

'

Otherstates,IncludingNeW korkandTexas,havemovedintherlghtdirectionand begt!n to reducetheir
reliance on solital consnement.Virginla should follow sult.

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J.A.- 334
hop://wwCwa.wsaeshi7ng:1to4n-pcosvt-.c0o0m6/o9p2in-ioJnPs/Js-oRlitaSlB-conDsnoecmuemnt-einn-vtir7gi4qi-a2/zolFzi/loeld/l0l/8gl/o2A2G/1v6hlpoParingt.ehtm4l4Ez/ozfl/6zo1lzP12a:5g4e:5i7dP#M:)620
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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 344 of 422

Solitaryconfinem entinVirginia-TheW ashington Post

Cutdowna'bitofyourweighteveryday using'this1weirdoIdtrick.. ConsumerTipsDaily.co

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@ TheWashingtonPostCpmpany

J.A.- 335
Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 74-2 Filed 08/22/16 Page 45 of 61 Pageid#: 621
h/pt//- w.washingtonpostacom/ojinions/solital-coninement-in-virgin,ta/zolz/ol/ll/gloAGvhlpprint.html(2/21/201212:54:57PM) : 1

Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 345 of 422

J.A.- 336
Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 74-2 Filed 08/22/16 Page 46 of 61 Pageid#: 622

'
Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 346 of 422

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StarR-vesearcherklagdaJean-l-ouls conAur'lr')Utedi.lzthisreneort.

J.A.- 338 Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB .D.L.r.X..?;.<.o4'-a'cs.Y.wuw.J?.''>m.-mr'ozei.-s.;..n.4.#w.x.pZ'tvv.v...4.7<.$4>--'t*rrxx.2arr.vabe-''*.k1r....F.ywgi.l.e1..1*d=.5w.m.0p..-+.t8l:er,-/d.2*''o2<4/.1#ot..-pw'.16>r'o.o''..v!*-'P'W.J)<a<?1g-.'e. <4.8zo'f. 61'u - P'a.'g-.eid1#':.6...24..s-, . .s ..'a'uV.x..#.

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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 348 of 422

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<<Cp-o-qp-d..,.çc paianfor-yputhJustice Reports:-e ultSystprp.F-qrsensJuvenile Recidivism IMa-i.n I
Review :GOOD COURTS:THE CASE FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING JUSTICE >>

Decem bfc01;2007 '

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VA :PhysicalA buse at Red Onion State Prisèn Increases

F0rIm m ediate Release'

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PhysicalAbuse atRed Onion State Prison Increas'eà with New.AssistantW arden - Rowlette

,

-- -the following inform ation has graphicdetailsofabuse

'

TheHuman RightsCgalition recelvedalarmirtg'news'this'morning'thatsevëralpeopl: incarcèrateà

atRedOnionState Prison(ROSP)werebeing abusedbycorrectionalom cers.Thisinformationis

paraphras'edandbeingsentoutbecausethepeopleInprisonareinfearfortièirsafety.Wewill

.

.

.

ohavveertalameoIar.edmetoanitlehd,preripsoornteIrnstrheeponxexttiaceoa'utpplaeosöpflFaeer. eekast.Roslj.:li.jjpjk.l;a,?.:farg.a.)tg.p-ijn....tj.eygmynjyyys..i...fq.yi,e.,.k,jjfj)g:i..yn.J',..s;y,r..jq.j,y.qgj.yjaq)q..ji.)kjq.aqsj..j.i;yô.y.zytj.atyjyjln.y.lk

harassmentofprisonersaswellaspuysicalabuse .

Itha'sbecome%/.,.'.1J;F).n!t.ej.x.'.ay.v'';l.à,.ky'gyb.-eyc<.ù.:..aFtenxc.e:t.or:

...):,.r.tj.gjqq.

prisönersto be called raclalslurs when receivingfood.Ifthe prisoners responds in anyw4y their

. food istaken f/om them and the Sergeantsaysthe prlsonerrefused the m eal.Personalproperty of

theprisoneqsisalsobeingdestroyed.Prisonersbelievethisupsqrgeinabuseisrelatedtothe reinstatementofAsslàtantW ardenRowlette.Richard RpwlqtieW'à'saMajoratRedOnionState

PrisonwhenitwasfirstoDenedandsitedfUrqxtremeacts'ofa6useW theHumanRightsWatch. '

(hhp://www.h- .org/re'poas/tggg/redonion/) .

. '.

On Novem bertth. , KevinJohnsonwa;micedforIiolding theslotin hissolitaryconfinementdoor ipen.Thisactofdefiancq,holdingthezslotopen,pasin responsetpa prisonerbelngassaultedon

his block.On'Novem ber20 th,his hand wts slam m ed inthe slottwice.Prisoper's hands and arm s '

'

havebèenbrokehinthepastfrom beingslammedinthedoorslotsr

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r!Saturday,.Nokem

berrlo, 2007

zcorderio x

Carter

alleges

h.e

w

âs

attacked

by

Corred

ional

Offiderswhenhéwastakingashower.Theprisonqrsinsolitaryconfinementare Ied totheshobers '

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inhandculsandsàacklisandmadètokneelbeforerestraintsareremovedforshpwer.Therewas

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'som e confusion,and Cartèrasked to àpeakto a Sefgeant.His requestwas denled,he wasdragged

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Intothe miàdleoftheroom,and slammedfacefirstintothe concrete w ith handcuffs and shackles

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' stillon.Officersinvolved were buttoh,Tiylor,.and Brown',andSergeantDay.NurseChurch '

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refusedto look'atoraidCarterwhenasked.Carterhassleda grievanceandthisisallegedlyaIIon '

video.(Red OhippIssupposedtovideoeverything)

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Novem
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ber 23, another

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during
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These m en are'housed at'a SuperMaxlm um Securlty prison.Mostofthem spend 23 hoursa day

lockedinsplitaryconflnèmentsThiszabusè.isoutrageousand unpçcessary.The.Departm entPf

CorrectionsintheCom monWealth ofVirglrlia fnuéttakeresponsibilityforthisviolent,raclst ' .

epvironmentthqy havecreated by housing 80% blakkprisonersfrom thecitywhoare'overseénby '

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90% white offlcers from th4'country.

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J.A.- 339 Case

7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RS.'B .

Document

'
74-2

Filed 08./22- /16..

Page 49 of 61

Pageid#: 625

Appeal: l1'h6e-7K3e5a8lCOstDootci:'n2s6ons W eblFoigle:dV:A0:6F/2hy3s/2lc0a1l7A tm sPegat: K34ed9tolmf 4o2n2btatel'nson m cre>ses rageZ 01Z

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..R.l:q.k,4..v#.4,.!..1sr.;,?.J)'.ë''r.,.,.:yt'.'.t,.a .ifolloWingom cia.'lstovoicefourconcernforallthepr.isonersincarëof. Caopprr:'q'irn..,tt?tiè>r,kpl.é.r.ijktp:yf.fiàceysrsjst-abnuttwtoanà,dTeanyRloirc,hBatrodwRnow'anledttSee.'rgeantDay.Pleasevoiceyourconcernofthe '

W arden Tracy Ray ofROSP - 276-796-7510
DiréctoroftheDepartmentofCorrection,GeneJohnson -8:4-674-3000
SpecialInvestigationsUnit- 804-j74-3023 (DOC unitthatissupposedto investigatethesethings)
' The VA GovernorTim Kaine - 804-786-2211

'W eunderstandthatweareonly receivlngonesideofthestory.BecausePrisonStaffhasevery

ability to coverup theirtracks,because they are the onesin the p6sition ofpower,because the

prisonerisalwaysassum ed guilty,and because the prisoners'story seldom istold we believe itis

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im portantto give voice tothisside ofthe stpry.

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HumanklghtsC6altion-Fedup!Chapter

5125 Penn Ave Pittsburgh,PA 15224

412-802-8575 hrdbdup@ gm ail.com ..

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J.A.- 340
Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 74-2 Filed 08/22/16 Page 50 of 61 Pageid#)': 626
9/9/2011

'
Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 350 of 422

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lsisàs'taticarchiveofwhatthewebsiteusedtdbe. '

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PrisonersinWallensRidoeStatePrisén(W RSPIareroutinelvabusedwith

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eledro-shockstunguns,subjecedtoracialverbal.abusebyguards,firedon

withpalnfulpelletguns,andqlacedunnecessarily'in5vepolntrestréints, ', - . -

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lnternatlonalhasrecqivedcomplaintsofill-treatmentatb0thprisonssince 1

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shortlyaftertheyopened.

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fl') Invexlgatlon(FBI). WRSPbetweenOdober1999andearly2000,underacontr'actslgnedbetwedn'

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tliijJ *4.GIFnotrelglgnenacletAargyen&des ConnecdtlcutparnisdotnhersVlirngWiniRaSDPelapastrtymeaenrt,aofndComrroeudnitoinngs.cTohmepdlaeiantebsaobfotuwtothebé'e.:lj!

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*lMnorteenerennyaPsLlaoaunnneadtleBr.alnngking/

noufmfobrceeroafndInavellsebqegadtrioancsistInttroeaWtmRSenPtboyfomrginaonriiztaletsioinnstihneCfoanclnlietyc,tiscupta.rkeda .

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opportunlties(CHROI;whlchinFebruary2001publishedaripbrtexpresMng '5'

ii? *Policestate

concernaboutmanyaspectsofthetreatmentofConnecicutprisonersinWRSP

!;*RighttoKeepandBear ) 1:' *POIItIOIDocuments
l'.' 'PolticalSpew

jjnjacslurdejcnogmamlleegnadteiodn,saomfornagdsotthaebrutsheinogfsm,tlnhoartittyheinCmoantneesdbylcugtuaaurdthso,rTithieesCtHaRkeO

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.stepstoremoveaIIremalningConnecicutprisoners.from
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('.CJi *TFhipehNtelrxyonprojed. xsoinFebruary2:01,theNatiohalprisohProjectandtheConnecticutbranchof1

ijEjtkJ-j!>l!f*s:,u.,.'*#...Ua,Ih,jz.'.*.'see...:..r'aWM:.:.olllrtldaryBez'ond'th'.'e'h'rctCP-thiotoubuenn'trnlrAstaehmiindnmejtulersclnnucfcottatnripinopranivrsovtiooolinollaeneLtrginisboedenidnratopbWifeeustrRshiuoiSevdnPeUsiwoSfneoCrr(eAomnCbisLentUioitn)rugtfolsifoleufendb,njacebedyIsaebw.dTesihtunoeigtcIpaarlwlulaeescgl#uiadlntng-din-thuwmnahteulcschuhaansleiceaklsa

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pradices--willalsocovertbemisùseofelectro- j

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shockweaponsandpelletgunsbyguards.ItisfiledagainsttheConnecticut 1

DepartmentofCorredions(CDOC)whlchremalnsresponsiblèforthe.prisoners .j

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despitetheirtransferteVirginia.TheCDOC isrep'orted tobeightingtheIawsùit'j

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andmovingto have4hecasetransferredfrom Connecticuttithemore

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C*nseW atlve court.s inVlrginia.

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Thecomplaints.byConnedic'utinmatesaretheIatestinaseries. ofa'llegatlonsofê.;i,ji

lll-treatmentofprlsoner-sInWRSPIandIlustratewhatAmnestyInternational'.' 1

belleves m ay am ountto a persistentpattern dfInstitutionalabuse.In Novem ber.'!

1999,AmnestyInternationalraisedconcernabqutrejortsthatNewMexico ';

prisonerstransferredtöW RSP'hadbeensubjededtobeatings,raclstabuse, . 'j

'eledro-#hockswiths'tunweaponsanddenlalofmedicalcare.Mostofthese 1

prisonershaveslnqebeentransferredbacktoNewMexicoortootherprisonsip'(

Virglnia.However,com plaintsfrom prlsonersatW RSP have continued.

t

J.A.- 341
G J 9/9/7011 Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 74-2 Filed 08/22/16 Page 51 of 61 Pageid#: 627

Appeal: t1o6ts-e7.3c5om8 IUnDloelca:n2d6lrm um allFeilelrde:a0m6le/2n3l/a2t0V1lr7glm aPbgu:p3e5rm1 aoxflm42u2m rnstm s
h; ,.1 s, '

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sAintatesy'tpsktr/iasl..oI*kn.t$st1aq*.npdptilttplonfsiavulsbhpyaeslnl.lr.dte'graej.IaIl>utsg,. edJliygogttc1eàRlel%jdppjr4ho.-p'ws,!hà!o?lwlcekMHkw(@lee!a?dplg?o'z.h!.iq.#nInjéfqAkrlldrtilëilnsö'fs!dloz1é4..,:'.?%k

P'riVj4oq4l1...aelnpfd-ll.iru?gd'i4'#f/eflu!'iilpGqsi':rt.x#'Itjqclgczl'lwlbplgc,s''qfaqlçlèlèaq.tltf%..jNffiqFreEmo'qpjjljigltwpkqFvl&fir#yxylih'eàkpVralrtngpplngla

co lstentlydenledchaTeso:!systematlcabus.eshbyqjijy gyprd's.'I'th'aq.'

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'rAtoemufurnsetehsdte.ytroaIncttlalelwkren'awAkqii'p/tnq'rpa.j.il,.I?n..c.'Js,uu..-dly'y,i.*'-#.'r'.'.t'ic.t.4.;.;:.1.':..h'..tri,j.,;,:;lt,p:.'.':.,.EJ..s.,..'.,.a,.,-.k.it.',it','b''''',-.;.,'r.j$t''..i.t.'''.1t'...,,w''.

AmnestyInternationalrémainsconcernedthatprlsonèrsInWRSParesubjected to treatm entwhlch is contraryto internatlonalA andards prohlbltlngtorture or

otherçruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpuiishment,includingthoseset
outundertheIntematlonalCovenantonClvllprPolltlcalRlglitsandthe
ConventionagainstTorture-treatiesratlfiedbytheUSA.

ragtZ 4J1O
A-#-?

AmheAyInternatlonali:urglngtheVlrglnlaauthoritie:totakestepsfoensure thatalIprisonersinthecustodyoftheVDOCaretreated humanelywithfull respectfortheirfundam entalhum an rlghts.Itisrenew ing itscallfora ban on stunweapons,andforaninvestlgatlonIntoracism andtheabusiveuseof restraints.Ithasalso soughta copy oftheprison'spolicieson restraintsand stunweapnns-whichthedepadmenthasthusfarrefusedtomakeavallableto outsidebodies,includingthoseinvolvedlnIitigationsuchastheACLU.

. AmnestyInternatlonalisalsocallingontheConnecticutauthoritiestolm plement1 therecommendationsoftheCHRO withrejped toConnedicutprispnershoused InWRSP.InSeptember2000,theUSJusiiceDepartment'sClvilRlghl Dlvislen '
openédaninvestigationintoallegatlonsofsystematicabusesInROSP(under
IegislationenablingtheiusticeDepartmenttotakeactiontoaddressqatternsof '
clvllrightsviolatlonsinstateInstitutions),Thisinvestigation- whichIncludes . elaimsofthemlsuseofeledro-shockstunguns,reAraintsandsrearms(pellet guns)and racism - remalnsongoing.Amnestylnternatjonalhaswrittentothe ' JusticeDepartmentaskingittocondud a'slinllarinvestigationintoW RSP. !

MoredetailsofAmnestyInternatinnal'sconcernsareglvenbelow:

'.J.

:

l'

Electro-shock stun weapons

:

-

;

.'

In'bothWallensRidgeandRedOnionprisons,guardsroutinelyr,a1-1 high t

'vnltage.electro-shock weapons suchasstun gunsasinstrum entz ofcontrol,and'.

therehavebeenmanycomplaîn? oflll-treatmentlnvolvlnguseofsuch. i

,

'leapons.simeprisonershavealsobéen madetowearAunbeltswhichcanbe !

'.

'>J
. .

'i'itivated byremotescontroltodelivera 50#000voltshockthroughtheweàrer's j

kldneys,causingseverepalnandbncapacitation.

'$

/

.j

,J

AmnestylnternailonalhascalledforaIlstunweapon:tobesuspendedforuse 1

byIaw enforcementofficialsbecauseoftheireasycapacityformîsuseandthe .'

lackofrlgorousindependentstudlesintothe medicaleffedsofsuchweapons.It ,

hasalsocqlledforanoutrightbanonstunbelts,onthegrpundthatthewearing (

*,'
. . .

.ofsuchdevlcesconA itutesinherentlycruel,inhum an ordegradlng treatment'
evenwlthouttheiradivationolz)

1;

t

TheVirginlaauthoritieshaverefusedtosuspendtheuseofstun. weapons

1

,

desplteconcernoverthecaseofl-awrence Frazier,adiabeticprisonerfrom 1

CpnnedlcutwhcdiedonJuly4,2000,fivedaysaterbewasshèckedrqpeqtedly':;

V:WIth'a's'tunguninthe'WRSPinfirm'aryandlapsedintoacoMa@Fiazleàhadbbè-n.j

7'.

takentotheinfirmaryapparentlysuferlngfrom hypoglycaemia,andprlson

'offlcialssaidthestun.gunwasusedtorestrainhim aterhebecame.,comj)atj,(j,,#.1

onbelng exam inedby adodor.

i

')

NlnedaysalerFrazier's8eath,thevDocissuedastatementannouncingthata'i!

''medicalstudy''hadconcludedthatuseofastun'devlceplayednopartlnthe '!

.

death.However,itemergedthatthis'study''(whichthedepartmçntrefusedtq ,

'

makepublic)wascarrledoutfortheVDOC byonedoctorwhohad noaccessto 'i

theforensicrepnrtsanddidnotexamlnethebody.Nearlytenmnnthslater(late .I

April2001)theautopsyreportsonLawrenceFrazierhavestil!notbeenmade :

public.

;

AmnestyInternationalcontinuestoreceivedi/urbingaccountsoftheuseof li

stunweaponsInW RSP.Ithasrecentlyobtainedsevera!prison''incident

: f

reports'',forexample,indicatlngthattheUltron11stungunhasbeenappliedin !

routlne.sltuatlortgtoprisonerswhbhavenotimmedlatelycompliedwitNanorder;i

orwho have verbally insulted .aguard.Casesinclude:

1 ,

I !

.1

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.A Conqecticutprisonçreledro-shockedInapparentretallationforstoppingand:'. ve'rballyIniultsn'gaguardwhllebeîngescortedforprocesslngfor'atransferout' ofthe'fac'illty;theprisonincldentrepùrtnotesthatburnmarksfrom th4stun gunwerevlsibleonhischest.

. an

.
inm

ate

shocked

with

the

Ultron

11forfourto

5ve

se'Jcondson

his

leQ

kidney

f:

argaafterfailingtocomplywith?anorderto bendatthewaistandcoughduring 4

astrip.search;theinçldentreportsnoiepthattwoburnsmarksontheIeft '

' kldneyareawerevisibleaoertheincident.

'

AmhestyInjernationalbelievesthattheinfliction ofeledro-shocksforroutine E

contrèlpurpose:orforpunish.ment,asindlcated intheabovecases,constitutes ' tpdureorothercruel,inhumanordegradlngtreatment.Italsoviolatesthe '

United.NationsBasicPrinciplesontheUseofForceorFlrearmsbyLaw

'

dnforcementOmclals,whichstatethatforceshouldbeusedonlyasalast '

resort,in proportlontothetbreatposed,and should be designed to m inim ize

damageand injury.

;

i
TheinappropriatedeploymentofstunweaponsIsfurtherillust/atedbyacase ! cltedintheCHRO repoltintotreatmentofConnecicutprisonersinWRSP.Ina t5

sectiononmedicalcare,theCHRO reportsthataninmatecomplainiljgof

'

stomachpainswasseenbyadodorandgivenarectalexam.whileéCorredlon 1

Officerheld astungun atthe lnm ate'sback.

1

i

-

.-qacialabuse

;

...

n erehévebeenpersistentreportsofMinorityInmatesbelngsubjededtoracist!

abuse'byguardsatboth WallensRldgeand RedOnioristateprisons.Aftei- j

recelvingcomplalntsfrom Connecticutprisonel-shousedinW RS'P,the

, i

Connectlcut'Commisslonron'HumanRightsandOppoltunities(CHRO)-#state .;'

acogendncuyctcehdairtgseodwwnitihnveensftogrd.atniognCiontnoneccotnlcdultti'osnasnitni-dthlsecfraimclilnitayt.ioItnvIlaswltsed-W RSP In :).':i(

Odober2000,interviewedstaffandinmatesandexaminedprisonrecord#. -1

il'
TàrèbhpeoourcttHsthno4o/trarisecsaiuat'emldselauhrtrseoafpnoCdaonhlnaerFadesibscrmutianprytribp2oy0n0Wè1rRswSt.hPraicsnhtsa-frfeaf'.risrAeldthtaoounWguhmRtSbhPee,rIConHfclcRuoOdnincwegarsns'..j..1.jjj
. uconnasbilseietoncdyeotefrcmomlneplathinetss,cobpoethoifnthIeettperçosbalesmw,elltlafosuinndtetrhveiçfwresqwpietnhciynmariadtes, '!)

'Iin'ndcceiludeped.enlyt:stroofurbalicniagl'.abItusaelsobynogtueadrdtsh'.atExwahmitpeleinsmofatceosmr.peplaoinotesdgwivietnneisnstinhgereport
-

t( I
. ''j il

!prisonersbeingcalledna'me:suchas''spic'',''nigger'','''porchmonkey''and .:II

.
'
.
. i

COOn .

'j

)

lCorrection Om cerssinging racialsongsabouthanglng people.

l

:

j

'

' 1

.'!WIBtlhaocuktawnadrnHlnisgpafonricspurcihso'n'oefrfseqàclleesg''eadstwhaatlktihnegytowoerfeasstroedrnoontwwiathlkirnugbbInerapellets'Etjl

straightIine.Oneblackinmatesaldhewashandcuffedforstaringata

t ùi

corredionalomcer.!Ablackinmatehéardacorrectlonomcersay:'Youeyer '.!

beenshotbyaWhiteman,youeverbeenstunnedW aWhiteman?nalso,'Yo# .1

Blackboy,youinthewrongplace.This'isWhlteman'scountry'.

!

l

!BlackandHisjanicinmatesharassedbybeingtoldtodothlngssuchastuckin',');

theirshirts,whlle whit: inm ateswere notrequiredto do so z.

.. i

.'

1

'IBlackand Hispanic inm atestargeted and ordeied to crawlon aIlfoursto Corred ionOfficersfollowing an inddentin.the prison recreatiohyard in

' i'

.

Decem ber2000.

'.

l

Accordingtothereport,theWRSPadm inistrationrespondçdtotheseallegations.!

bystatingthatitwasnotawareofanywldespread. useofraclallyderogatory l

languageandthatanylncidentsofabusewouldbedealtwithseverelyg'

.(

'

However,theCHROwasunabletoverlfythisassertlonastheVDOC''refusedto t

choanravsesymtoenttheorC'aobmumsei,ssainodnaannyydreoccourmdseontfahtloowntrheogsaerdcionmgpcolamlnptslawinetsreof

', 1I

investigated and addressed''.

'j

t !

The.CHROfuohernotedthatprisonerssaidtheywereafraidtofileformal 5;1

grlevancesthroughfearofretaliation.Thereportçxpresses.concernthat.Ehe !f

protocolforinvestlgationofsuch complaints,accordingtoprisonadministrators, '

i J.A.- 343 wasessentiallytointewlew thejnmateandtheaccusedofficer.Seniornfficlals . Case 7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB Document 74-2 Filed 08/22/16 Page 53 of 61

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Page 4 of6

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acknowledgedthatadministratorstendedto.defertotheeaff'sversionofevents'

In such sltuatidns.

)

. .

TheCHRO fbundthatthelackofstaffdiversityatW RSPposédspecialchallenges.

'

forHispanicinmatds?wlthproblemsarisingwhen,inmatesfailèdtounderstand

.

ordersissuedinEnglish.Thishadseriouscensequences,giventhatforce'was '

appliedwithinsecondsfornon-compliancewithadlred order.n eCHRO

1

recommendedthattheprisonwould benestfrom havlngatleast-someSpanish- t

speakingcorredlonalstaff.

'

.

'

'

Theinsensitivitytowar:Spanish-speakingprisonersisfurtherillustràtedb#a .

recentreportthataninmategrievanceWritten inSpanishwasreturnedtothe '

prisonerwith.therespènse,''this'isanAmericanprison.'PleaseuseEnjlish'in '.

''

future''

;

.

.

!

Tmhoeb'tCiHmRpOolmtaandteofawsehricfehswoafsretchoamttmheenCdoantinoendsitcoutthDeeCpaorntnmeednltcuotfaCuotrhreocrtitiioenss?the,'1

.

!

should''proceedasexpeditlouslyaspossibleto'removeaIlConnecicutinmates (

from to im

mWeRdSiFat'e.lyPepnrdoivnigdereItmsosvtaafl,ffwtirtehcmomormeedhldveedrstithyattrCaionninnged:litcuatlsuorg'etheVDO. C:lif,

'

recommendedthattheConnedicutIegislatureimplementamoreeffedive !I

' . .

monitoringsystem atW RSP,withafull-timemonitor,abletospeakSpanishand IndepepdentoftheCDOCandtheVDOC,tooverseethetreatmentof

!1.1;)

'èonnedicbtprisonershousedthere.AsoftheendofAprll2001,theCHRO i.;

recommendétionswerestillunderconsiderationbytheConnecticutauthorities. .6t

-

'.'

Crueluseoffive-pointrestraints-continuingconcerndeipitéchangeinpolicy

' .

There

has'bqen

. ..
serlousconcernaboutthe

m

annerin

whlchm

echanica.l'

. j'

restrajne havebeenapplledtoprisonersinvariousVirginlaprisons.InAugust g

2000,alpFgultallegedthatDistrictofColumbia(DC)prisonel-shousedat :

Sussex 11StatePrigon,Virginia,weresubjededtopunitiveandinhumane '.

treatmentbybéingroutinelyplacedinsve-pointrestrain? forperiodsof48 )! hInovuorlsveodrèldinisgcenqefrosrbreellnagtivsetrlyip.pmeidnotrodtihséclirpluinnadreymInefraarcatinodnss.trTahpepepdrotcoedausr-teee. l'bed2:.jI1

bythewrisisandaikles,w1thadditlolialstrapsacrossthechestandthlghs,so !'1

'

thatthqywereco'mpldelyimmobilizei.Monitoringbymedicalstaffan'dbreaks Iii

tousetje'bathroom wgrereportedtobigrosslyInadequate,withprisonérs .)

forced to lIe inthelrown waste.

.

:

.
Slmil . .

.

.

: j ( j

arpracticeshavebeenreported inWalensRidgeand RedOnionprisons. 1

.

Thelaisuit5IedinFebruary2001bytheNationalPrisonProjed oftheACLU (seeabovç'l,$forexamjle,claimsthatbetweenJanuaryandAugust2000,more

. )
' 1

than40'CènpecticutprisonersinW RSP. wereplacedinsve-pbintrestralntfor48 l

: '

hours,o.rIonger,fortrivlalo/encessuchaskicklngtheircelldoor,throwing ;!

'

'clothesorsiickingarollofqaperoutofacelldoor.Thesuitalsoallegesthat tI

prlsonershàvebeen'placedInsuch'restralntregardlessofwhetherthelr !I

'

behaviourrésultedfrom mentalIllnessandwhetherrestraintswould'exacerbate ':i

thls conditioh

1

.

.

.j

.

f 1

'ITniteerunsaetloonfarèlsatnradlnUfS.sipnrùtftelessciiorncuamlssttaanndcaersddsecsncrplbriesdoniserInrecsletararinvtio:l'tahtiiosneopfrovide it,1

thatrestraintsinanyform shouldbeusedonlywhenytrldlynecessaryto k

preventdamageorlnjuryandprohibitthelruseaspunlshment.TheAmeriqan 1I

CorrectionalAssoclation(ACA)standardsonrlstraintfurtherstatethat

1

'

m'Foùr/fl:e'polntrestraintshouldbeused011#tnextreMeinstancbsandonly J

w

hen

other types

of restraînts

have

proven

to

be

ineffective'' .

Elsewhere,the

i.
' ,

ACAstandardsstatethatrestraintsshouldbenotbeappliedinanyevent''for 1

moretimethinisabsolutelynecessary''.

; J

- '

.f ,

,

. .

j Jj

TheVirginiaDepartmentofCorrectionsisrepbrtedtohavechangeditsrestraint ;

policy statewide'late Iastyear,in response tothe Sussex 11 lawsult.The new :'!
policyreéoltedlyconformstoACAstandardsbyprohibitingtheuseofrestrain? ;j

aspunishmentandprovldingthattheyphouldbeusedonlytocontrolaninmate 1

whopreseptsaéeriousthreattohimselforothelx whenIessextrememeasures1

havefailedy.andonlyforasIongasnecessal to restorecöntrol. '

1

'

.. .

::

, .

j

Despitethis.change

in

policy ,

there

are

con')tlnued

repoosofprisonersin

W

RSP

1

belngplacedinprolongedfive-polntrest/aintforbehavio'urthatdoesnot

:

w arrantsdch'anextrem e m easure.TheACLU has reported thatone ofthe i

orlginalplalniiffsintheabovelawsult-whohadbeenplacedinfive-point. restrainton sever4loccasions In 2000 -waSagain placed in sve-pointrestraint J.

for 48

hou=.rskin

March -

2001for''kickinn'j

his

celldoor''.

:'k

'

?

'j

Amnest'yInternationalhaspeen otherW RSP.incidentreportssincethereported ',

J.A.- 344
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changeinpolicy,suggestingthatprolonged restralntappearstohavebeen
applied aspunlshmentforactsofdisruptiveordisturbèd behaviour.n ereare alsocohtinuedreportsöfprisonersbelngheldunnecessarilyInfive-polnt ... rek raintatRed Onion State Prison.

Use cfrubberpellet''stinger''shotguns

Guards'atW RSP and ROSP routinely carryflrearm swhlch discharge rubber
pelet''stingerrounds''.Althoughclassedasnon-lethal,thepellee areextremely painfulandcancéuseserlousIpjurw espeèiallylfdischargedatcloserangeorto the face.Virginia isone ofonlythree e ates inthe USA where guards are
perm lttedtocarryfirearmsofanyt'ypewithintheprisonperimeter(theother states are Californla and Nevada).

Therehavebeen persistenirep'ortsofrubierpelletgunsbeing'usedbyguards

.

a'tW RSP and ROSP to break up fights In the recreationyard, despite thefad

thatotherprisonsdo notneedto resortto suchweapons.Although pollcies

requlrethatwarningshotsriustbefiredfirGt,guardshavemovedquicklyiofire

liveroundsinsomecases,causinginjuriestoinmates,includingInmatesnot

involved in the incldents.Som e inmateshave reportedly been shotatfor

refuslngtocomplywithanorderorfornotmovingfastenough.t3)AGnoted

above,blackand' HispanicprisonersmadecomplaintsabouttheImproperuseof

pelletgunsto theCHRO.

. .

.

q

Jp.Mar.ch2000Amnesty.lnternationalwrotetotheWardenofWRSPtoexpress '

concern aboutanincidentthatmonthInwhichrubberpeletsweresredaytwo flghting ipm'4tes,causinginjurytoatleastfiveunlnvolvedpri4onerswhp'had
complieiwithanordertolieontheground;oneprisonerwashitintheeye.

Amnestylnternationalrequqstedinformationontheprison'ssrearmspolicy;on

whetheralternatlveswereconslderedbeforetheresorttofirearms;andwhether'

aninquiryhadbeen'condudedintotheaboveincident.Hpwever,noinformatlon '

wasprovided. ..

' .

àmnestyTnternationalhasIearnedqfanotherincidentInWRSPinNovember .
2000,Inwhlchtenunlnvolvedpriionerswerestruckbyrubberpelletswhen
guardsfired ontwo'.fightlnginmates.TheNationalPrison.projed oftheACLU
hasInformedAmqevyInternatlonalthatitcontinuestoreceivemany çomplaintsoftheunjùstifieduseofpelletgunsinWRSP.

AmnestyInternation'alisconcernedthattheuseoffirearmsinthemanner
described above violàtesthe UN Baslc Principlesonthe Use ofForce and
FirearmsbyLaw Enforcementöfficials,whicbrequirethatIaw enforcement omcialsshall,asfpraspossible,applynon-violentmeansbeforerqsortlngtothe ! useofforceandfirearms;andthitofjclalsmustad inwaysthatminimim .'
damageandinjury!.'

-/
OtherConcerns:Iackofp/ogramsandinadequatemedlcaland mentalhealth

Care

j .'

t

.

t

VlrginlaisoneofatIeapt36USstatestohavecnnkruded''supermaximum J

security''fadlitiesinrecentyears.Supermqximum securityhrisonsplacean . '
em phasisonsecurityépdcontrolratherthanrehabllitatlon,withprlspners , typicallyconfinedtoisolatedcellsfer23hpursprmoreadpy,withnoworkoc vocationalprograms.'Theauthorltlesclalm thatthesefacllitius-''whicb placefar'''

-mueosqiegnreedsttr:icthotmnsàeonprpisroiynoenresrWshthoa'an/eotthoeorkmioalexnimiburmtosbecduirsirtuylptiroiqeo'tnds'b-eadree'vlnèd.$

--

Inanordinaryprison.However,thèreIsevidenceofprisonersbeing housed In

suchfacilities who'do notm erltsuch a high securit'y reglm e.

lnWRSPandRQéP#prisonerswhoqualifyfor''generalpopulation''statushave''

moreout-of-celltimethanmanyotherUS supermaxlmum securit'yfacilitlesand

mayeyerciseinlimltedgroupsvt4)However,conditionsoverallrem alnexyremely

harsh.PrisonersremalnconfinedtocellsforIongperiodsandtheIargemajority '

have no accessto'Work,vocationaloreducationalprograms.Prisonersw ith

dlsciplinaa problemsmay altobeconflnedto23hoursadayormorq,withno

dlred contad w1th.ot Inmates.

.

?$.

,

TheCHROtseeabove'l.expressedconcerninItsFebruary2001repoltaboutthe

IackofadequaterèhabilitationprogramsforConnedicutprisonershousedin

WRSP,incontrasttotherangeofprogramsqavallabletothesameprisoners '

whepconfinedincoànxdlcut.TheCHRO notedthattherewasalongwaiting.list,'T

fqrtheIlMltednumberofplacesonthe-prlson'seducational.plogfam (whichwas:

hrovldeàonly.toGEDIeveI(5),vIatelevlslon;notIntefadiveclassès).It ' ' rLidm'mendedthattheConnectlcutauthorltlç.yakes'tepstoIncreasetbe ''. .

'1

aV.ajlabllityofrvocatiénbl#workandeducatiohàlprogramsavailableto . ''.

J.A.- 345
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ConnedicutinmatesatWRSPaswellastoexpandaccesstorellglous programmjng.

TherehasbeenwidespreadconcernaboutTentallyiIIprisoners.beingconfined
inUS supermaximum securltyprisons,desplteevidencethatthecondltionsof

isolationandotherdepàivationsimposedinsuchfadlitiescancausephysicaland

psychologicaldamageandexacerbateexistingmentalIllness.Thisisalsu -

reportedtobeaproblem inW RSP.

'

Th:CHRO notedmanycomplalntsfrom Copnectlcutprisonersaboutinadequate

healthcareinWRSP,includingmentalhealthcare.Complàinf.sIncludedlackof accesstotreatnientandthefactthatconsultatlonsandexaminationsbymental '

health staffooen took place attheprisoner'scelldoor,in the sightand sound of

otherinmates.

.

TheCHRO wasalsoconcernedbyreport.sthatthephysicalandmentalhealtb

screeningproceduresforthetransferofpKsonersfrom ConnedicuttoW RSP .

wereinadequate..Itrecommendedthattherebemorecarefulscreenlngof

InmatesbeforetheirtransfértoW RSP,andthatanyinmateinVirginianot

receiving promptandappropriatemedicalarefortreatmentofanymqjor

medicalconditionbereturnedtoConnedicut.Italsorecommendedthatthe .
ConnedicutDipartmentofCorrections''carefullymonltortheavailabllity,

quality,andconsdentialityofmedlcalservièesprovideibytheVDOCI'.

.

Concem aboutthescreenlngprocessfortr4nsTerto'WRSR'ishlghllqhtedbythe i

caseofDavldTracy,azo-year-oldConnecticutprisonerwhpcommlttedsulcidà ,

TinraAcpyrihla2d0à00h,iastooerry5ovfesemrioonutshsmiennWtaRlSillPn.elstssaunbdsehqaudenatttlyembepctaemdseukiçnlodwenthat ';

nwrluohnme-nevrisooeluensntettindmcreeudsgswtoohsipleerinsIcnoecn'a)wrwchéaersnastheeedrvwiinnagsCtaornasnnhesocfrettircsrueetdn.tFteuonrc'WtehRefrSomProaarnered,laTwtraiavsceydlyu(aemjlfenodorr18..ji11

rileqsejustmonthsaoerhissulclde.AmnestyInternationalhasexpressed !

EoncerntotheConnedicutauthoritiesthathistransfçrto.W RSPappeared 1

''grossIyinappropriate''intieclrcumstances. ,

.

. ...t.

. .'

.

t

TheorganlzationhasurgedtheConnectlcutauthorities,totakeprompiactionto :i

lmplementaIIoftherecommendatlonsoftheCHROwitiiregardtothetreatment)!

ofConnedicuiprisonersinWRSPandthetransferMrogram.

' I

**:*:1

'

.

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c(o1)urMseanoyf.2o0f0th0ebseutp1r0is0o-n2e0rs0wreemrealtnraInnsWferRrSePd.toothbr.,'i.f'.c''lniaD'risnnsdurlno''ther'j

'

' '

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(2)TheUNCommltteeagainstTorture(thebodywhfchmonltol'sstates' -.i

compliancewiththeCorivention'agalnstTorture)alsocà.lledontheUS

1

authoritiesto ban stun belts,following hearingsin'Geqqva In May2000.

' !l

(3)HumanRlghtzWatchdocumentedmanyseàlouscomplaintsinvolving

,

unnecessaryuseofpelletgunsagaine inmatesinROSP.Inarepol'tpublished In '

Aprll1999,anduseoffirearmsattheprisonisoneoftheissuesunder

' J

InvestlgationbytheJu ieDe artment.

i.

1

(4)bepqnhjnjonthelrstatus,prlsonershavebetwqenoneandeighthoursa 1

dayoutoftlieircells.

' '

'i

.

.

' '

.

.

jj

(5)GeneralEducaticnalDevelopment,abasiceducationalstandard.upto:;g: f

school.No highereducationalprogram sare provided.

1
. i

Tothebestofourknowledge,theiextonthlspagemaybefreelyreproducedanddlstributed. 1J

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutthls,pleasecheckoutourCopyrightPollW .

.

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A tV â.'sToughestPrison,TightC ontrols

By Cràig.Tim berg

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Sunday,April18,1999;PageC l
W ISE COUNTY, Va.- Slug a

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prison,andyou'llenduphere,locked x ,

dow n for23 hoursaday in the

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solitary çonlnem entw ing ofR ed

.

Onion StatePrilon,wherethey have '%gtlardholdinganAK-4;rsfle

takenthe''cbrrections''outofthe mansoneotrtletwotowersoutside VirginiaCorrectionsD epartm ent. tshuerrdoouunbdliengsewcuarlitlyel.lfsenRcidegeState

Prison.
Forgetclasses;ajobinthel.éundry7 fRthbertA.Reeder..TheWashingblflPostl
liftingweights,playingball.Eventheoccasionalfriendlyvisitfröin à.
grandmotherorwifeisalm ostalwaysofflim its.Andthatonehoura
day offreedom ?Getused to w earing handcuffsand. 1eg shackles
whileaguardwieldinga50,000-voltstungunwalisyoutothe
shower- withbarsofitsown- orthesmallconcretecoùrtyardfor
exercise.

Andeven ifyougetoutofsolitaryandyourday isbrokenupbytrips .
tothedininghallorafew höursin thedayroom ,therewillbea shotgun,loaded w ith hard rubberpellets,trainçd on yourevery
m OV e.

''You'stepoutofline,yöu'regoingtogetshot''saysJosephM .

G imTatano,a4lryear-old convicted m urderer,-clad in a brightorange

prisontmiform andblackcanvasshoes.withoutlaces.''Andthat

'%V01*ks....In theshortterm ,thatw orks.'''

'

Virginiaprispnoftk ialssaysuchsevererestrictionsareneeded to control''theworstoftheworst,''inm atessodangerousthatit'sbetter to forgetaboutrehabilitation and sim ply warehopsethem .
.
RedOnion,whichopenedhereinAugust,andW allensRtdgeState
Prison,an identicaltw in thatopensin nearby Big Stone Gap this m onth,are''super-max''prisons,partofamassiveprison-building
program launchedbythçn-Gov.GeorgeAllen(R).Histough-on-
crim eagendalengthenedsentences,abolishedparoleandswelled 'prison populationsr

J.A.- 347

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Page 2 of5

Thetwosuper-maxesaredesignedtoholdacom bined2,400 inm ates,withabout700ofthosein z3-hour-a-day solitary confinem entcells.Thosenotin solitary can spend up to several
hoursadayoutsidetheircellsandholdjobsinthekitchenorlaundry toeam money.Thereisno1aw library,littlejobtrainingandonly
onç classroom .

W hilehum an rightsadvocatesandcrim inologistsblastthelack of rehabilitation efforts,stateprisonofficialjsaythereislittletheycan doto forcerehabilitation on prisonersw hohave no interestin betteringthemselves.

RonaldA ngelonexVirginia'stough-talkingcèrrectionsdirector,isan advpcateofsuper-m ax.''It'snotaniceplacey''hesays.''AndI designed itnotto bea nièe place.''

M any oftheinm atesare in prison forlife,butnotall.Corrections Departm entrecordsshow thatabout200 - oneofevery five in Red Onion - are scheduled forrelease in the next10 years.Sixty-six will be30 oryounger;184 w illbe40 oryounger.

Giarratano,whow asonVirginia'sdeathrow tmtilthen-tk k.L.
DouglasW ilder(D)spredllislife,sayshehasfoundpeacethrough Zenmeditation.Bùtheseestheeffectsofextremesecuritfmeasures
onothers,includingthosçwhosomedaywillbereleased'. ,

'Theystartcrackingup:The# startactingout,''hesays,'makingtiny.

constricted gestureswithhishmldcuffedhands.''W hatafetheygoing

to do whentheygetouton th:streets?''

''

' z
Th:N :w York-based group Hum anRightsW atch,aleadefin
investigatingprisons,hasbeendeniedtoursofRedOnion becauseof thestate'ssafety concerns.B ased on interviewsw ith prisohers,the
group claim sthatracism ,excessiveviolenceandinhumane conditionsreign inside.Stateprison offcialsdeny those chàrges.
.

HumanRijhtsW atchalsocontends-andprisonoffciélsalsodeny-
thatVirginlaandm anyotherstatesinthesuper-maxbuilding boom
arerushingtofillthosecellstojustifytheexpense,pullingmany
less-dangerousinm ateslikeGiarratano intollnnecessarilyextrem e
conditions.

M ostsuper-maxestakeonly thosewhohavem isbehavedatother

prisons,butVirginiaalsosendsinm ateswithlifesentençesto Red

Onion.Jnm ieFellnerofHumanRightsW atchsaysthepolicy ''is

clearlyjustanefforttofilltheprison.''

. '

Crim inologistsarealarmedby theprospectofsuper-m ax'graduates retuG ing tp society.

J.A.- 348

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http:// .washinatonpostco w n-sw /local/dal'lv/anrl'lgg/suoe ax18.h

10/7/2010

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Page 3 of5

Theonly educationeffortsareliteracy andhigh schoolequivalency coursesoffered overclosed-circuittelevision.Jobtrainingislimited to skillsusefulbehind barssuch asw allpainting orpicking up trash.
.
'sW hatno one istalking about,''saysJam esA lan Fox,acrim inologist
atNortheasternUniversil ,''iswhathappensdowntheroadwhen
m oreex-çonscomeoutwithbadattii desandlittleskillstowreak havoc on our streets.'

RedOnionandW àllensRidgesitatogmountainsinSouthwest
Virginiacoalcountry,hundredsofmllesfrom Richmond,Northern
Virginiaandtheotherlzrbanareasm ostsuper-maxinm atesonce
calledhom e.

Therem oteness'- visitorssom etim esmustdrivesevenoreighthours togetthere-canfrayfamilyties.Butthenew prisonshavebrought aneconom icsparkiothisdepressedregion.Eachonecostmorethan $70m illiùntobuild.Betweenthem :th8ywillenp loynearly 800 and havecombinedpayrollsof$27m illlonayear.
' ,
Fora1lthecomplaintsaboutVirginia'snew supét-max prisons,they seem wellequippedtocontrolverydangerousprisonerswho might othem ijeattackguardsorotherprisonersortry toescape.
; !
A ngelone saysitischeaperand saferto house ''thew orstofthe
worst''inRedOnionorW allensRidgethanipihestate'sother
prisons,which areusually called ''correctionalfacilities.''
N l
Thoseotherprisons,onceridoftheirtroublem akers,runbetterand
makerehabilitationthereeasier,Angelonesap .Eventhe.threatofa
super-m ax,headds,makesinm ateselsèwherebéhavebetter.Since
super-maxinmatescanreturntolower-secmityjrisopsinaslittleas
twoyearsgiven goodbehavior,Angelonehopesprisonersthroughout thesystem w illbe szared straightby storiesoftheprisons'severity.

''Youtouch anoffcer,andyou'regoingtoRedOnion,''hesays.

Escapefrom R8dOnion,m any prisonersconcede,isallnost impossibletoim agine.Prisonerslivein 1l-by-8-footcellswith fiveinch-wideslitsforwindowsandslotsinthe ll/a-inch-thicksteeldoors fordelivering m ealsorm ail.
lnsidetheprisons,thecellsareSpartan.Thetoiletand sirlk,witlino
knobsorhandlesthatcouldbefashioned intowçapons,areasingle stainless-steelunit.Thedesk,bedsand a sm allqhelfarùm ete slabs ofsteelboltedtothewall.M attressesandsm àllpillowsarethinand plastic.

Guardsin acontrolroom open andcloseal1doolswiththewhoosh and crash thataretheunm istakable soundtrack ofprison life.Andthe

J.A.- 349

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Page4 of5

' com m on areas,also lpcked'from the outside,are w atched constantly
by guardsholding shotguns,trainedtofirenon-lethalroundsat
'
prisonerswhom isbehàve.

.

'

The sam eistrue oftheyard,whereprisonçrsw ho arenotin solitary'

confinem entc'an exercise and chatw ith otherinm ates.The only

recreationfaçility isasinglebasketball'court,wherecrossingoneof .
severalred-painted li'ne'sdraw sim m ediate fifefrom the gun port
above.

. , .

Virginiaisoneofthreeprison system sinthenationtousefirearm s behindbars,andthey areusedatthesuper-m axes- designedtooffer c'leansightlinesforguns-farm oreoftenthan atotherprisons.In RedOnioh'sfirstninem oùths,shotshavebeenfired63tim es.M ost werewarning shots,but15involvedthepellets'called''stinger rolm dsy''which sometim espenetratetheskih.

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Federalprisonsand m oststateonesshy aw ay from tryingto control inm ateswithfirearms,bothbecausethepracticeisseenbym anyas

inhum aneand becauseoffearsthatthegunscould fallinto thehands

ofinm ates.ButR ed Onion w afden GeorgeD eedssaysthat

possibilityisrem otebecaubetheweapons,whileaim edthroughbars

intocommonareas,stayin lockedcontrolroom s.

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''There'sno possibleway inmatescaltgettheirhandsonthese weanons-''D eedssavs.''unlessthere'saseriousmistake.''

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Theperimetersofbothprisonsareprotectedby coilspfrazorwire '.

anddoublefenceswithsensors.Guardsintwotowers..arm edwith

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live rounds,w atch forescapeattem pts.A 'patrolcarconrtantly circles

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''1'm nevergetting outofprison,''says53-year-o1d inm ateBilly R .

' .

Kelly,gaunt,beardedandshackled inthreedifferentwaysashe

speakjw ith avisitor;heisserving a 72uyeafsentence form urder.

''Y ou haveto keep inventing areason to liyeevery day.''

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,
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Formanyothers,thethoughtofleavingprisonisnotso abstract. Inm ate.ReginaldYelverton,30,grew upin SoutheastW ashington buthasbeen inprisonfor12 yearsonasecond-degreem urder
.
charge.TheD.C.Depm mentofCorrectionspaystohouse69 prisoherssuch asY elverton atRed O nion.He expectsto m akehis
firstvisitto aparole board nextyear.

' '

''Red Onion,''hesays,''isveryterrible,veryracist''- acommon

'

. .'

com plaintfrom A frican Am erican prisoners.such asYelverton.

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gtlstfds,likemostOflhejopulationofSouthwestVirginia,arewhite. .'.

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Anotherinm atewhocanim aginefreedcm isRobertL.Sm ithJr.,29, ' '

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J.A.- 350

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whoalsogrew upinW ashingtonbutwàssenttoRedöliionfora
kidhappingandweaponschargeinFairfax County.Sm ith sayshe
enrnedhishighschooldiplom awhileinanotherprisonandwason
h%waytoearlyreieaseforgoodbehaviorwhenhithrew apunchat
a'n aggressive fellow inm atew hile on aw ork detail.Prison pfficials,' .
whodonotrekealdiscijlinaryhistoriesofinmates,sentSmith.to
Red Onion.

Theincidentsethackhispossiblereleasedate,butevçp without

parole,his12-yearsentenceendsinDecember2003,when Sm ith

w illbe34.

'

ThereislittleresearchSo'predictwhatYelverton,Sm ithorother

prisonerjwilldponcethey leaveRedOnion.Thereareatleast30

super-maxprisonsi'nthecountrynom accérdingtoanew federal

studybyChaseRivelr d,aformercorrectionaldirectorin

W ashington state and Colorado.D atabntheireffectiveness,

how ever,isscant.

'

''Overthelongterm,''Rivelàndsays,''thejuryisreallyout-''
ButCràigHaney,aqsychologistattheUniversityofCaliforniaat SantaCruzwhostud.lessolita/ consnement,sayssuper-maxprisons
m ay bree.dm oreviolenceasinm atesbecom eboth em otionally detached and enraged.
''Thereare'som e pepplew ho reactto thatdeprivation w ith angerand resehtm ent,andsom etimèsuncontrollableangetandresentm ent,'' Haqéy says.''Youdon'tnecessrily'ha'vetocare- unlissyou let thçm out.''
M ichaelBonhom,a36-ye:r-p1dmtlrderèrfrom Anacostiasechoes
'tihsesethekoiungghta.n''Yewoutr'riealqmoinhgoptùeshoavfegertatgineginfryeoe.u,1'A'snadysalb1oitnthaokmes,jwshao ' second'',-hesnapàhisfingers-''andyou'regoingtoexplode.''
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J.A.- 353

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rx-lApprove U Disapprove lnternalstatusqhaqgetoSegrekationG dministration

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ReportgeneratedbySykes,KA Report run on 12/1a/2012 at 11..12 AM

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DOC#:1145137

DOC Location:Red OnionState Prison

P.art1:ICA ReferralNotice Youwerescheduledto appearbeforethe InstitutionalClassificationAuthorityonorafter12/10/2012 forInternalStatus Com ments:lCA hearingforappropriate housing.

Authorizing Staff

Date& Time

Hearing Date:

OffenderStatement:Nostatem ent

ReportingStaffCom ments:Remaininsegregation,IM 1statusbasedonoffenderneedinga Iongerperiodofstable

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Date& Time

Hearing Date:3/5/2013 OffenderStatem ent:Icontinuetoparticipatewith rulesandtreatment. Repoding StaffComm ents:ICA recomm endsSegregation.

PartIl:Hearing Disposition

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The ICA recom mends:Internalstatuschangeto ROSP IntensiveManagement

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Date:3/8/2013

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Date:8/28/2013

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DOC#:1145137

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Part1:ICA ReferralNotice Youwere scheduledtoappearbefore the Institutiona!ClassificationAuthorïtyon orafter06/02/2014forInternalStatus Comments:90 Day ICA Review

Authorizing Staff

Date& Time

Hearing Date:6/2/2014 OffenderStatement:NoStatem ent Repoding StaffComments:ICA recomm endsIM Closed Pod SL6

lnternalStatus Review:

PartII:Hearing Disposition

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Rationale:lCA recommendsIM Closed PodSL6

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Date:6/3/2014

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Raifort,Tori

Date:6/4/2014

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ICA:Fannin,Joe A

Date:8/29/2014

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Decision:Apprpve

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Raiford,Tori

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Youwere scheduledtoappearbeforethe lnstitutionalClassificationAuthorityonorafter09/30/2014forInternalStatus

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Rationale:Assignsegregationdueto recent120B.

ICA:Day,Stacy L

Date:9/29/2014

A dm inistrative Réview :

Internalstatus change to Segregation -Adnhinistration

Date:9/29/2014

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Part1:lCA ReferralNotice

Youwerescheduledtoappearbefore the lnstitutionalClassificationAuthority onorafter10/01/2014 forSecurityLevel

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Date & Tim e

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OfféndérStatement:

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offendersscoreof21pointsulilizingan 815 override inconjunctionwithpoorbehaviorand adjustm entinapopulationsetting.
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SecurityLevelchangetoS -Segregation Date:10/16/2014

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Authorizing Stàff

Date & Time

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othercharges(224)inalmostW rs.ThisdoesnotwarrantIM 0orsegregationstatus.

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. ICA:Turner, Dwayne A

Date:12/22/2014

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Decision:Approve

lnternalstatuschangeto lntensiveManagement0

Turnqr,Dwayne A

Date:12/22/2014

Com ments:I.CA recommendssegregation.

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Authorizing Staff

Date& Time

Hearing Date: OffenderStatem ent:Nostatement' ReportingStaffComments:ICA recom mendssegregation.

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ICA :G ilbert, ChristopherC .
Adm inistrative Review:

. Date:3/10/2015 -
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DePAOLA, Plaintiff,
v. VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendants.

) ) ) Case No. 7:14CV00692 ) ) OPINION AND ORDER ) ) By: James P. Jones ) United States District Judge ) )

Eric J. DePaola, Pro Se Plaintiff; John Michael Parsons, Office of the Attorney General, Richmond, Virginia, for Defendants.

The plaintiff, Eric J. DePaola, a Virginia prison inmate proceeding pro se,

filed this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. DePaola asserts constitutional

challenges to certain classification procedures that have allegedly prevented him

from earning his release from the highly restrictive living conditions at Red Onion

State Prison (“Red Onion”). After review of the record, I conclude that the

defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment must be granted.

I.

DePaola is currently serving a total sentence of thirty-eight years in the

Virginia Department of Corrections (“VDOC”) for crimes that include two counts

of malicious wounding, use of a firearm, statutory burglary, and two counts of

J.A.- 378
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Appeal: 16-7358 Doc: 26

Filed: 06/23/2017 Pg: 388 of 422

abduction. DePaola has been confined at Red Onion since February 21, 2007,
when he was transferred from Wallens Ridge State Prison (“Wallens Ridge”).
Red Onion and Wallens Ridge house all VDOC “Level S” inmates. Level S is reserved for inmates who must be managed in a segregation setting.1 Under
current policies, once a VDOC inmate is classified as Level S, officials transfer
him to one of these facilities, where he may participate in the Segregation
Reduction Step-Down Program designed to help him progress in stages toward a
return to the general prison population. (Operating Procedure (“OP”) 830.A, at 9-
34, ECF No. 72-1.) This OP became effective on February 18, 2013, with the
stated purpose to provide “established procedures for incentive based offender
management which will create a pathway for offenders to step-down from Security
level S to lower security levels in a manner that maintains public, staff and
offender safety.” (OP 830.A(I).) The step-down program is goal-oriented: when
inmates exhibit positive behaviors, such as anger management and respect, and
succeed in completing the established goals in each stage of the procedure, they are
rewarded by moving to the next step and earning its additional privileges.
1 According to the VDOC operating procedure for security level classification, inmates are classified to Level S based on “segregation qualifiers,” including the following: aggravated assault on a staff person or on another offender using a weapon or resulting in serious injury; serious risk of escape; “[c]ommission of a crime of exceptional violence and/or notoriety”; “[e]xcessive violent [d]isciplinary [c]onvictions”; fire setting or rioting in prison that harmed a person or caused extensive property damage; hostage taking; possessing firearms or other weapons; gang activity or leadership; and manipulating staff or displaying predatory behavior. (See OP 830.2(IV)(G).)
J.A.- 379
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As described in OP 830.A(III), each newly classified Level S inmate is assessed and assigned to the appropriate privilege level within Level S: intensive management (“IM”), special management (“SM”), or the reentry unit (reserved for inmates within two years of release). An inmate is assigned to IM status if evaluators determine that he has “the potential for extreme and/or deadly violence,” as indicated by a history of violent disciplinary infractions against staff or other inmates, or an “extensive criminal history and lifestyle that has escalated so that extreme/deadly violence has become a behavior characteristic.” (OP 830.A(III).) The policy expressly states that “[t]he potential for extreme or deadly violence is not eliminated despite the offender’s daily institutional adjustment even when providing more than a year of compliant, polite, and cooperative behavior and attitude.” (Id.)
Alternatively, an inmate may be placed in IM status because of his “routinely disruptive and threatening pattern of behavior and attitude” or because he is “incarcerated for a notorious crime that puts [him] at risk from other offenders.” (Id.) On the other hand, an inmate is assigned to SM status if evaluators find that he has a history of “repeated disruptive behavior at lower level facilities, . . . fighting with staff or offenders, and/or violent resistance” that harmed staff or other inmates, but “without the intent to invoke serious harm, . . . kill, or [cause] serious damage to the facility.” (Id.)
J.A.- 380
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Inmates are further sub-classified under OP 830.A as follows, starting with
IM-0, the most restrictive status, and ending with the general population, the least
restrictive.
Intensive Management (IM): IM-0 IM-1 IM-2 IM-SL6 Special Management (SM): SM-0 SM-1 SM-2 SM-SL6 Step-Down—Level VI General Population Structured Living—Phase 1 and Phase 2 Security Level V General Population
The step-down program in OP 830.A is a so-called cognitive program that includes
pro-social goals and requires the inmate to complete a workbook set called the
Challenge Series, remain infraction free, meet responsible behavior goals, and
participate in self-improvement and education programs. When an inmate meets
the goals designated for a step, he may be advanced to the next step and receive the
additional privileges assigned to it.
All Level S inmates in the IM and SM categories are housed in single cells
and, until they reach the SM-SL6 stage, are restrained in handcuffs and shackles
and escorted by two officers whenever they leave their cells. Per policy, they
receive meals in their cells (the same types of meals that inmates in general
J.A.- 381
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population units receive), receive not less than three showers per week, and have out-of-cell recreation for one hour, five days per week. These inmates generally can have two twenty-minute phone calls per month, one one-hour, non-contact visit per week, limited use of radio and television, and limited commissary purchases. They can possess at least two library books per week, receive and send mail, and possess legal and religious materials. The privileges an IM inmate may earn under OP 830.A at IM-1 and IM-2 include more library books per week, more commissary purchases, more non-contact visits or telephone calls, increased TV time and channels, and even limited job possibilities. An inmate progressing to SM-1 or SM-2 can earn even greater privileges.
IM or SM inmates who do not meet the standards for discipline, responsible behavior, self-improvement, and programming can be moved back to a lower step. Some inmates assigned to a lower step may be required to start over with the Challenge Series; they must then work with treatment staff to complete its exercises again to achieve positive changes in thought processes and social skills. An inmate’s refusal to participate in the step-down program may also be grounds for a reduction in his step assignment back to IM-0 or SM-0, where he may remain, stripped of the privileges he had earned in the higher step, until he chooses to participate.

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Members of the Unit Management Team, a multi-disciplinary group of staff who work in the housing units, track and rate each inmate’s progress toward the goals of his assigned step. They rate his behavior every week as poor, acceptable, or good in each of several categories, such as personal hygiene, standing for count, and respect. Counselors rate the inmate’s program participation every week as incomplete, complete, or positive effort. Officers in each of these groups are encouraged to communicate with inmates about these ratings — to acknowledge positive performance and motivate improvement where needed. (OP 830.A(IV)(D).)
When an inmate completes the Challenge Series curriculum and evaluators deem that he has achieved its behavioral goals in SM-2, he is stepped down in security level from Level S to SM-SL6. (OP 830.A(IV)(F).) At this point, officials assess each inmate and assign him to one of three SL6 program pods geared to safely reintroduce him into a social environment to interact with other inmates and test his readiness for possible transfer to Level V and, eventually, to other non-segregation settings. (Id.)
Inmates in the SL6 step-down pod may progress through two phases.2 In SL6 Phase 1, they are still in single cells, but they are permitted to leave their cells
2 In addition to the SM-SL6 step-down pod, inmates at this stage may be assigned to: (a) the secure allied management (“SAM”) pod, designed for inmates who may be vulnerable to victimization because of cognitive impairment or other factors; or (b) the
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unrestrained for movement to the shower and recreation and, gradually, to
participate in the Thinking for a Change curriculum with other inmates in groups
of up to fifteen participants. (Id.) Inmates in SL6 Phase 2 are double-celled and
unrestrained for showers and recreation, have outside recreation with other inmates
for an hour, twice a week, and can walk to meals with other inmates to eat their
meals together in the dining hall.
The IM pathway under OP 830.A is different than the SM pathway. If an
inmate reaches IM-2 status, and officials determine that he cannot progress to the
SM steps toward classification to the SL6 pods, he can become eligible for
assignment to the lowest security level for an IM status inmate: Level 6-IM, also
known as the Closed Pod. The Closed Pod is expressly designed “to create an
opportunity for an increased quality of life for offenders possibly facing a long term in high security.”3 (OP 830.A(IV)(G)(1).) Closed Pod inmates continue to
secure integrated pod (“SIP”), designed for inmates who intentionally commit multiple minor disciplinary infractions to stay in segregated housing. The programming in the SAM and SIP pods differs from the step-down pod and is intended to assess inmates’ ability to socialize safely with other inmates and encourage them toward a move to a general population.
3 OP 830.A(IV)(G)(2)(g) states:
Restricted freedoms and interaction with staff and other offenders for the IM population is temporary. There is a strong commitment to develop a model to support an improved quality of life and greater opportunities for self-improvement for this dangerous population. The goal is to develop a management strategy that includes reduced restrictions, increased freedoms, and increased unrestrained interactions with others. However, at the time
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have single-celled housing, segregated showers and recreation areas, and out-ofcell restraints, shackles, and dual escorts. Closed Pod inmates can, however, earn more privileges than any other group of IM inmates, such as more in-pod job assignments, more programming in-cell and in small groups in secure chairs, video visitation, and longer in-person visitation.
In addition to the weekly progress ratings by the Unit Management Team, OP 830.A(IV)(K)(5) requires that all segregation inmates, including those participating in the step-down program, be routinely reviewed by the Institutional Classification Authority (“ICA”). (OP 830.1, at 35-43, ECF No. 72-1.) According to OP 830.A, Appendices F and G, Level S inmates are to receive an ICA review at least every ninety days. Among other things, the ICA reviews and acts on recommendations for step increases or reductions.
In addition to Unit Management Team review of an inmate’s classification status, certain classification decisions are also reviewed by a Dual Treatment Team made up of officials from both Red Onion and Wallens Ridge, by the wardens of the two institutions, or by the VDOC regional operations chief. In addition to this multi-level review scheme, according to OP 830.A(IV)(K)(1)(a), “[a] team
of this writing, guidelines or models are not available for predicting safety with a population that has a proven history of carrying out extreme and/or deadly violence. Once the larger Step-Down plan in general is implemented and stable, attention will be focused on additional IM stepdown opportunities.
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external to [Red Onion and Wallens Ridge] will perform an annual review of each [Level S] offender’s case.” This review includes a reassessment of whether the inmate continues to meet the criteria for the IM or SM path to which he has been assigned. According to OP 830.1(IV)(G), all classification decisions may be appealed through the Offender Grievance Procedure, to which Level S inmates have access.
When DePaola arrived at Red Onion in 2007, he was assigned to general population housing and was allowed to leave his cell unrestrained. On September 14, 2009, after officers had released him from his cell to help serve meals to other inmates, he stabbed an officer with a shank. DePaola refers to this incident as “an altercation with a guard” and states that he has had no other incidents involving violence since he entered prison in 2004 at seventeen years of age. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 81-82.) In July 2011, DePaola was convicted of malicious wounding of the guard and was sentenced to ten years in prison, with five years suspended. DePaola claims that in August 2012, under the step-down procedures then in place at Red Onion, he was classified to SM status. He further states that he advanced to SM-1 in October 2012. In December 2012, the ICA recommended that DePaola be assigned to IM status on the ground that he needed “a longer period of stable adjustment” and “need[ed] to complete the first [five] books of the Challenge Program.” (Pl.’s Mem. Opp’n Summ. J. Ex. 5, at 5, ECF No. 74-3.)
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After OP 830.A took effect in February 2013, officials reviewed DePaola’s status. In March 2013, he was assigned to the IM pathway based on the serious nature of his assault on the officer in 2009. In August 2013, he was assigned to IM-2, and in December 2013, he was approved for the Closed Pod.4 During his annual review in March 2014, the ICA recommended that his good time earning level be changed from Level 4 (the lowest earning level) to Level 1. That report noted that, although DePaola had receved a charge for possession of contraband in December 2013, he had completed anger management treatment and the Challenge Series and had remained employed as a utensil prep worker.
At DePaola’s review in September 2014, the ICA recommended that he be placed in segregation because he had received a charge for tampering with equipment in his cell. That same month, DePaola also received charges for stealing and possessing contraband. On October 8, 2014, based on reports of DePaola’s “poor behavior and adjustment in a population setting,” the ICA recommended reduction of his security rating. (Artrip Aff. Enclosure H, at 62, ECF No. 72-1.) In December 2014, the ICA recommended that DePaola be
4 The parties submitted ICA reports that contain different information regarding DePaola’s approval for the Closed Pod. (Compare Pl.’s Mem. Opp’n Summ. J. Ex. 8-9, at 8-9, ECF No. 74-3, with Artrip Aff. Enclosure E, at 55, ECF No. 72-1.) DePaola alleges that the defendants’ records have been falsified. Because I must construe the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, Williams v. Staples, Inc., 372 F.3d 662, 667 (4th Cir. 2004), I have used the timeline indicated by DePaola’s exhibits. I express no opinion as to the plaintiff’s allegation of falsification.
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assigned to IM-0. Its report noted DePaola’s statement that “[the stealing]’s the only 100 series charge I have in almost 6yrs. I’ve only had 2 other charges(224) in almost 5yrs. This does not warrant IM 0 or segregation status.” (Id. Enclosure I, at 68.) DePaola’s assignment to IM-0 was approved later that month. At his next ICA review in March 2015, he was approved for a step increase to IM-1, and in June 2015, he was assigned to IM-2.
DePaola then received a disciplinary charge on November 3, 2015 for refusing to obey an order to comply with VDOC grooming standards. The charge was later dismissed. After a review on November 4, the ICA recommended DePaola’s assignment to IM-0 status, and on November 5, the External Review Team approved this status change. In January 2016, he received a disciplinary charge for possession of a weapon or sharpened instrument after officers discovered that a piece of metal had been removed from the table in his former cell, sharpened into a weapon, and wedged between the bunk and the wall of that cell. DePaola denied any knowledge of the item, but he was found guilty of the charge and fined twenty-two dollars.
In May 2016, officials assigned DePaola to IM-1, noting that he had not completed the step-down program requirements necessary to leave segregation. At his review in July 2016, the ICA found this housing assignment to be appropriate.

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As of July 2016, DePaola was attending group meetings and working to complete the third book of the Challenge Series.
Liberally construed, DePaola’s verified § 1983 Complaint asserts claims that application of OP 830.A as to him has unfairly prolonged his confinement under segregation conditions without federally required procedural protections, in violation of the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, and that those conditions themselves have violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. DePaola sues VDOC administrators for signing OP 830.A into effect and failing to correct the alleged constitutional violations. He also sues supervisory and treatment officials at Red Onion for the undesirable conditions and for improperly making or failing to correct the allegedly unfair classification decisions imposed on him under OP 830.A without sufficient due process. DePaola seeks monetary damages and injunctive relief to abolish OP 830.A and alleviate harsh conditions at Red Onion.
In DePaola’s Amended Complaint and other submissions, he alleges that OP 830.A discriminates against IM inmates, who suffer a much more restrictive environment than inmates in other forms of administrative segregation; that IM status permanently prevents an inmate from working his way out of segregated confinement at Red Onion by completing the Challenge Series, whereas SM status inmates who complete the same series can work their way to general population;
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that officials arbitrarily assigned him to IM status without allowing him to be present or offer argument, contradictory testimony, witnesses, or evidence; that review between the various IM and SM steps is not meaningful; that spiteful officers can falsely report poor behavior or fail to accurately record his participation in programming, thus preventing his progress to the next step; and that officers routinely approve their own recommendations during the step-down program reviews, in violation of VDOC policy. DePaola also complains that OP 830.A affects inmates’ opportunities for parole and earning good conduct time.
DePaola’s submissions also complain about the restrictive conditions IM inmates suffer, compared to SM inmates, when they progress from IM-2 to the Closed Pod. He calls the Closed Pod a “pseudo general population” pod, in which inmates have almost no out-of-cell activity without full restraints and are housed in a secure area guarded by officers with gun posts, shank proof vests, and dogs. (Compl. ¶¶ 34-38, ECF No. 1.) DePaola further complains that Closed Pod inmates have no access to a gym, a normal recreation yard, a law library or dining hall, a job outside the pod, or contact visits without being shackled to a chair. He contends that these conditions are not compliant with other VDOC policies regarding conditions for special housing units.
DePaola also complains that IM inmates are confined in small cells that are often dirty, “covered in . . . filth,” with the odor of feces and urine emitting from
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their air vents, and that officers often “tamper” with inmates’ food or give them empty meal trays. (Pl.’s Mem. Opp’n Summ. J. 11-13, ECF No. 74-1.) He alleges that his IM status and living conditions have caused him the following injures: “mental illness and / or frustration of pre-existing mental illnesses / anguish / deteriorations / night terrors”; “anxiety, headaches, loss of sleep, and (to [his] belief) akathisia”; physical deterioration and weight loss; and deteriorating eyesight “due to constant exposure to extremely bright fluorescent lights in cells.” (Am. Compl. ¶ 93, ECF No. 51-1.)
The defendants have filed a Motion for Summary Judgment, supported by copies of OP 830.A, its charts of IM and SM requirements, and its progress report forms. They also present the affidavit of Red Onion Assistant Warden J. Artrip, which describes these and other relevant procedures as well as DePaola’s progress through the step-down procedures.
II. A. Standard of Review. A court should grant summary judgment “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). “As to materiality . . . [o]nly disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary judgment.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby,
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Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). A dispute about a material fact is genuine “if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Id.
I must draw all reasonable inferences from the facts in favor of DePaola, the nonmoving party. Williams v. Staples, Inc., 372 F.3d 662, 667 (4th Cir. 2004). Detailed factual allegations in a verified, pro se complaint may be sufficient to withstand a motion for summary judgment with supporting affidavits containing a conflicting version of the facts. Williams v. Griffin, 952 F.2d 820, 823 (4th Cir. 1991) (“[A] verified complaint is the equivalent of an opposing affidavit for summary judgment purposes, when the allegations contained therein are based on personal knowledge.” (emphasis omitted) (citation omitted)). However, DePaola cannot defeat the defendants’ properly supported summary judgment motion with mere groundless generalizations or speculation. Glover v. Oppleman, 178 F. Supp. 2d 622, 631 (W.D. Va. 2001) (“Mere speculation by the non-movant cannot create a genuine issue of material fact.”).
B. Due Process. The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits a state from depriving “any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.” U.S.

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Const. amend. XIV, § 1. “To state a procedural due process violation,5 a plaintiff
must (1) identify a protected liberty or property interest and (2) demonstrate
deprivation of that interest without due process of law.” Prieto v. Clarke, 780 F.3d
245, 248 (4th Cir. 2015). “A liberty interest may arise from the Constitution itself,
by reason of guarantees implicit in the word ‘liberty,’ or it may arise from an
expectation or interest created by state laws or policies.” Wilkinson v. Austin, 545
U.S. 209, 221 (2005) (citations omitted).
As a convicted prisoner, DePaola does not have an inherent, constitutionally
protected liberty interest in release from a more restrictive security classification.
Id. at 221-22. A state-created liberty interest may exist, however, if DePaola (a)
points to “a basis for an interest or expectation in state regulations” in avoiding the
conditions of his confinement under the segregation classification scheme at Red
Onion, Prieto, 780 F.3d at 250; and (b) shows that those conditions “impose[]
atypical and significant hardship . . . in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison
life.” Sandin v. Connor, 515 U.S. 472, 484 (1995). Only if DePaola makes both
5 DePaola may also be contending that OP 830.A violates his substantive due process rights. Such a claim fails, however. It is well established that “the Due Process Clause affords [the inmate] no greater protection than does the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause.” Whitley v. Albers, 475 U.S. 312, 327 (1986). Thus, DePaola’s claims that living conditions in segregation constitute punishment without a legitimate penological purpose and inflict physical harm on him “fall squarely within the ambit of the Eighth Amendment — not the due process clause.” See Prieto v. Clarke, 780 F.3d 245, 251 (4th Cir. 2015). Therefore, I will address DePaola’s complaints about the ill effects of living conditions at Red Onion separately, under the applicable legal standard for Eighth Amendment claims.
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showings does the Due Process Clause require a particular measure of procedural protection before he can be deprived of his liberty interest. Id.
DePaola expressly states that he is challenging, not his classification to Level S, but rather, his initial classification to IM status instead of SM status under OP 830.A and the subsequent classification adjustment decisions within that pathway. He apparently believes that these procedures stand in his way of being released sooner from segregation to general population conditions. The defendants agree that OP 830.A “creates an expectation that ‘S’ level offenders will receive reviews of their classification status, particularly by the ICA.” (Defs.’ Mem. Supp. Summ. J. 23, ECF No. 72.) Specifically, OP 830.A(IV)(K)(5) and Appendices F and G provide that the ICA will review inmates’ statuses every ninety days and decide whether to advance them to the next status level in the step-down procedures. I conclude that this periodic review policy creates a potential liberty interest for DePaola in being released from the restrictive conditions of his current security classification. See Incumaa v. Stirling, 791 F.3d 517, 527 (4th Cir. 2016) (finding that state prison’s policy requiring periodic classification reviews for segregation inmates created potential liberty interest).
I must next determine if DePaola’s continued confinement in the various segregation classifications within the OP 830.A categories imposes “atypical and significant hardship” compared to the “ordinary incidents of prison life.” Sandin,
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515 U.S. at 484. The “conditions dictated by a prisoner’s conviction and sentence are the conditions constituting the ‘ordinary incidents of prison life’ for that prisoner.” Prieto, 780 F.3d at 253. Neither party has provided me specific information about restrictive conditions, if any, dictated by the sentences that DePaola is serving, and I find no such sentence-related restrictions in the VDOC policies available to me. Accordingly, I will use the general population status as the normative baseline for his due process claim. See Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 527 (concluding “that the general population is the baseline for atypicality for inmates who are sentenced to confinement in the general prison population and have been transferred to security detention while serving their sentence”).
The atypical hardship requirement is difficult to satisfy. Mere limitations on privileges, property, and activities for administratively segregated inmates, and even disciplinary action “in response to . . . misconduct fall[ ] within the expected perimeters of the sentence imposed by a court of law.” Sandin, 515 U.S. at 485; Gaston v. Taylor, 946 F.2d 340, 343 (4th Cir. 1991) (holding that “changes in a prisoners’ [sic] location, variations of daily routine, changes in conditions of confinement (including administrative segregation), and the denial of privileges — matters which every prisoner can anticipate are contemplated by his original sentence to prison — are necessarily functions of prison management that must be left to the broad discretion of prison administrators to enable them to manage the
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prisons safely and efficiently”). It is well established that a temporary assignment to segregated confinement — thirty days or even six months, with reduced privileges, few out-of-cell activities or socialization opportunities, and heightened security measures — is not atypical or significant hardship. See Sandin, 515 U.S. at 485-86; Beverati v. Smith, 120 F.3d 500, 504 (4th Cir. 1997) (finding six months under conditions dictated by administrative segregation policies was not atypical under Sandin). Moreover, “[t]he State’s first obligation must be to ensure the safety of guards and prison personnel, the public, and the prisoners themselves.” Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 227. Thus, “correctional officials . . . must have substantial discretion to devise reasonable solutions to the problems they face” in maintaining prison security and safety. Florence v. Bd. of Chosen Freeholders, 132 S. Ct. 1510, 1515 (2012).
Most importantly, the Supreme Court has consistently employed a due process analysis that encourages prisons to implement written management policies while minimizing the involvement of the federal courts “in the day-to-day management of prisons.” Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 222 (citing Sandin, 515 U.S. at 482-83). “This approach . . . provides inmates and prison administrators with clear notice of a prisoner’s rights, but it also permits a given state to codify procedures establishing very restrictive confinement conditions.” Prieto, 780 F.3d at 255. District courts must respect the Supreme Court’s “judgment that this trade-off
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strikes the correct balance between the dictates of the Due Process Clause and the pressures on state correctional systems.” Id.
In Wilkinson, without a point-by-point comparison of segregation and general population conditions, the Supreme Court found that inmates had a protected liberty interest in avoiding assignment to a particular state “supermax” prison. In reaching this conclusion, the Court carefully distinguished the supermax conditions from normal segregation unit conditions on three grounds. First, inmates in the supermax facility were “deprived of almost any environmental or sensory stimuli and of almost all human contact.”6 Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 214. Second, they were assigned for “an indefinite period of time, limited only by [the] inmate’s sentence.” Id. Third, once assigned to supermax, “[i]nmates otherwise eligible for parole lose their eligibility while incarcerated” at the facility. Id. at 215. The Court stated: “While any of these conditions standing alone might not be sufficient to create a liberty interest, taken together they impose an atypical and significant hardship within the correctional context.” Id. at 224.

6 The conditions at the supermax at issue in Wilkinson included the following: “Almost all human contact is prohibited, even to the point that conversation is not permitted from cell to cell; the light, though it may be dimmed, is on for 24 hours; exercise is for 1 hour per day, but only in a small indoor room.” Id. at 223-24. The Court noted, however, that the lack of human contact was the most distinctive of these living conditions and that the conditions were atypical when combined with the additional factors of indefinite duration and disqualification for parole. Id. at 224.
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Similarly, in Incumaa, the Fourth Circuit found a protected liberty interest in avoiding assignment to South Carolina’s supermax based on the isolating and restrictive nature of the living conditions combined with the length and indefiniteness of the plaintiff’s twenty-year confinement there. 791 F.3d at 53132. In addition to conditions similar to those at issue in Wilkinson, the plaintiff in Incumaa was subjected to “a highly intrusive strip search every time he [left] his cell.” Id. at 531.
Prison policies gave rise to the indefinite terms of supermax confinement that concerned the courts in these cases. In Wilkinson, prison policies provided “no indication how long [an inmate] may be incarcerated [at the supermax] once assigned there.” 545 U.S. at 215. In addition, policy required infrequent review of the continued appropriateness of an inmate’s specific segregation status: once initially, thirty days after his arrival, and annually thereafter. Id. at 217. The policy at issue in Incumaa required review of the plaintiff’s status every thirty days by an institutional classification committee (“ICC”), but that review process provided no clear criteria for him to become suitable for release from the supermax. 791 F.3d at 522-23. Assigned to the supermax as a member of a security threat group, policy provided that the plaintiff could nevertheless qualify for reclassification and release from the supermax by achieving an “improvement in behavior level.” Id. Policy further defined “behavior level” as including a clear
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disciplinary record and the ICC’s evaluation of the plaintiff’s overall compliance with “policies and procedures” of the institution. Id. at 522. In twenty years, the plaintiff had never incurred a disciplinary infraction, but the ICC repeatedly recommended his retention at the supermax without providing any behavioral basis for doing so. Id. at 521-23.
Without question, VDOC inmates classified to Level S, particularly those assigned IM status, are confined under highly restrictive conditions at Red Onion, including single-cell assignment, limited out-of-cell activity and face-to-face contact with other inmates, and movement outside the cell only in full restraints and with dual escorts. Out-of-cell movement may also involve a visual strip search, although the parties do not present evidence on this issue. The mere existence of these conditions at Red Onion, however, does not render confinement there atypical or significantly harsh, because general population inmates can expect temporary terms in segregated confinement under similar restrictions. See Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486 (thirty days); Beverati, 120 F.3d at 504 (six months).
DePaola contends that the conditions imposed under OP 830.A are atypical and significant, particularly IM status, because it is allegedly permanent. However, DePaola’s own classification history belies this claim. He was initially classified at IM-0, but he has not remained there. By participating in the procedures of OP 830.A, DePaola moved to the less restrictive steps of IM-1 and
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IM-2 and then to Level 6 and the Closed Pod, where he stayed for over a year. In so doing, he earned additional privileges (such as additional library books, visits, and phone calls) and, eventually, more socialization activities. Even after disciplinary infractions resulted in his reduction to IM-0 in December 2014, within three months, he had advanced to IM-1, and within six months, he had advanced to IM-2. The policy and the evidence indicate that if DePaola continues to work on improving his behavior and change his thinking while working on the Challenge Series books, he can be evaluated for steps toward Level 6 and, eventually, to a general population setting.
After careful review of OP 830.A, I conclude that this step-down procedure addresses and alleviates the isolating conditions and indefiniteness identified in Wilkinson and Incumaa as distinguishing factors of “atypical and significant” hardships presented by a prison’s long-term segregation scheme. An IM-0 status inmate is subject to long-term, restrictive conditions, but that status need not be permanent or indefinite if the inmate chooses to participate in the step-down procedures. OP 830.A provides behavioral criteria for the inmate to qualify for incremental reductions of restrictions and increases in privileges. With concerted effort to change his thinking and behavior, he can earn his way to enjoyment of additional social interaction and activity while in segregated confinement. OP 830.A’s steps allow him to make measurable progress toward reclassification to
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lower security statuses and, ultimately, to transfer to general population conditions. As such, under OP 830.A, an inmate’s confinement in segregation at Red Onion is, for a likely majority of inmates, only as lengthy and restrictive as dictated by his own effort and behavior.
DePaola complains that any given official can purposely use OP 830.A to prolong an inmate’s confinement in IM conditions. He fears that an officer could purposely underreport his progress toward completing the goals of a step or arbitrarily send him back to redo an earlier step out of spite. I conclude that the team assessment approach and the multi-level classification review procedures built into OP 830.A and the other VDOC policies protect against such willful action denying any one inmate the ability to move through the steps when his improvements in behavior and attitude warrant his advancement away from segregation. Moreover, if DePaola believes that procedural errors or miscalculations occurred during a classification proceeding, he can appeal the decision through the Offender Grievance Procedure, OP 830.1(IV)(G), or file a request for an interim review of his classification based on procedural or calculation errors. (OP 830.1(IV)(E).)
DePaola also fails to state facts showing that confinement at Red Onion makes him ineligible to earn good conduct time or parole, which was the case for the plaintiff in Wilkinson while he was confined at the supermax. DePaola does
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not state facts indicating that he was ever eligible for parole on the sentences he is serving, and the record indicates that he has been able to earn good conduct time while in the step-down program. Moreover, I find no provision in OP 830.A itself that revokes an inmate’s eligibility for discretionary parole consideration or good conduct time. Thus, I do not find that DePaola’s IM status inevitably affects the length of his confinement so as to trigger a separate, constitutionally protected liberty interest in avoiding that classification. Sandin, 515 U.S. at 487.
For the reasons stated, I find no material fact in dispute on which DePaola can establish that his confinement at Red Onion under OP 830.A is atypical and significantly harsh compared to conditions contemplated by his sentence. Conditions there, while restrictive, can improve in defined stages based on DePaola’s own efforts toward cognitive and behavioral changes. Indeed, the OP 830.A procedures themselves prevent confinement at Red Onion from falling into the category of indefinite isolation identified in Wilkinson and Incumaa as triggering constitutional due process protections. Thus, I conclude that DePaola has no constitutionally protected liberty interest in avoiding any particular security classification or reclassification under OP 830.A. Therefore, he also has no actionable claim under § 1983 that any particular procedural protection is constitutionally required during the OP 830.A classification proceedings. Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486-87.
J.A.- 402
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DePaola also has no claim under § 1983 that any of the defendants have misconstrued or misapplied the OP 830.A procedures or other VDOC policies. DePaola raises complaints about the procedures used to reduce his classification to IM status and the reason given for that change; the procedures used and the evidence cited in moving him between steps on the IM pathway; and the defendants’ misreporting of his behavior or failure to properly document his progress. However, these are, at most, alleged violations of VDOC policies themselves. State officials’ failure to abide by state procedural regulations is not a federal due process issue, and is, therefore, not actionable under § 1983. Riccio v. Cty. of Fairfax, 907 F.2d 1459, 1469 (4th Cir. 1990) (“If state law grants more procedural rights than the Constitution would otherwise require, a state’s failure to abide by that law is not a federal due process issue.”).
For the stated reasons, the defendants are entitled to judgment as a matter of law as to DePaola’s claims that one or more of them violated his constitutional rights by changing his classification under OP 830.A without due process. I will grant the Motion for Summary Judgment on DePaola’s due process claims accordingly.
C. Equal Protection.

J.A.- 403
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The Equal Protection Clause7 generally requires the government to treat similarly situated people alike. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., Inc., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985). It “does not take from the States all power of classification, but keeps governmental decision makers from treating differently persons who are in all relevant respects alike.” Veney v. Wyche, 293 F.3d 726, 730 (4th Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Thus, to prove an equal protection claim, an inmate “must first demonstrate ‘that he has been treated differently from others with whom he is similarly situated and that the unequal treatment was the result of intentional or purposeful discrimination.’” Id. (quoting Morrison v. Garraghty, 239 F.3d 648, 654 (4th Cir. 2001)). He must next show that the policy is not “reasonably related to [any] legitimate penological interests.” Veney, 293 F.3d at 732 (quoting Shaw v. Murphy, 532 U.S. 223, 225 (2001)). This element requires the inmate to “allege facts sufficient to overcome the presumption of reasonableness applied to prison policies.” Id. DePaola does not state facts supporting these necessary elements of his equal protection claim.
First, DePaola has not demonstrated that he was similarly situated to inmates in SM status when officials classified him to IM-0 status. DePaola’s attack on the guard in 2009 resulted in injuries serious enough to support DePaola’s conviction

7 “No State shall . . . deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1.
J.A.- 404
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for malicious wounding. This incident warranted different treatment, for security reasons, than he had experienced in his previous general population assignment. After this incident, officials could also lawfully treat him differently from other segregation inmates with histories of less serious or less recent disciplinary convictions or crimes. Moreover, the malicious wounding of the officer supported a finding that DePaola had exhibited “the potential for extreme and/or deadly violence,” a qualification for IM status under OP 830.A.
Second, DePaola does not show that he has been treated differently than any other inmate during periodic reviews for step changes. Neither DePaola nor any other Level S inmate can change his step status under OP 830.A merely by avoiding disciplinary convictions and being polite. A step change requires his progress on the Challenge Series curriculum and the classification officers’ recognition that he is working to make positive changes in his thinking and behavior.
Third, while the OP 830.A step-down procedure purposefully treats SM and IM status inmates differently, these differences are rationally related to legitimate governmental purposes. Namely, this procedure reasonably uses the incentive of earning increased privileges and lower restrictions to encourage improved offender behavior and self-development “in a manner that maintains public, staff and offender safety.” OP 830.A(I). The logical connections between the policy’s
J.A.- 405
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provisions and the furtherance of its legitimate penological goals are self-evident. See Overton v. Bazzetta, 539 U.S. 126, 133 (2003) (“[I]nternal [prison] security [is] perhaps the most legitimate of penological goals.”).
For the stated reasons, I find no material dispute of fact on which DePaola could prove an equal protection violation here. Therefore, I conclude that the defendants are entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law and will grant their motion on this claim.
D. Eighth Amendment. DePaola’s final challenge to OP 830.A asserts that his status under OP 830.A offends the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment of the Eighth Amendment, which “protects inmates from inhumane treatment and conditions while imprisoned.” Williams v. Benjamin, 77 F.3d 756, 761 (4th Cir. 1996). “[T]he Constitution does not mandate comfortable prisons,” however, and conditions that are “restrictive and even harsh . . . are part of the penalty that criminal offenders pay for their offenses against society.” Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347, 349 (1981). It is well established that “only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain implicates the Eighth Amendment.” See Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 297 (1991) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). To sustain an unconstitutional conditions claim, a prisoner must show that: (1) objectively, the deprivation was sufficiently serious, in that the challenged
J.A.- 406
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official acts caused denial of “the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities”; and (2) subjectively, the defendant prison officials acted with “deliberate indifference to inmate health or safety.” Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994) (internal quotation marks omitted). The prisoner must show “significant physical or emotional harm, or a grave risk of such harm,” resulting from the challenged conditions. Shakka v. Smith, 71 F.3d 162, 166 (4th Cir. 1995).
DePaola’s allegations do not show that he has suffered any Eighth Amendment violation while subject to the living conditions under OP 830.A at Red Onion. He does not allege that he was deprived of any necessity for life, such as food or shelter. Instead, DePaola conclusorily asserts that restrictive conditions and limited privileges and socialization opportunities, along with his IM status itself, have caused him various mental and physical discomforts, such as loss of sleep and weight, vision issues, headaches, anxiety, and mental problems. He fails to present facts, however, showing that any of these health concerns qualified as a serious or significant harm, or that he needed medical care for them. For the stated reasons, I find no material dispute of fact on which DePaola could prove his claim that he has been subjected to unconstitutional conditions. Accordingly, I will grant the defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment as to his Eighth Amendment claim.

J.A.- 407
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III. For the reasons stated, I conclude that DePaola’s constitutional challenges to OP 830.A are without merit, and the defendants are entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. It is accordingly ORDERED that the Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 71) is GRANTED.8 A separate judgment will be entered herewith.9

ENTER: September 27, 2016
/s/ James P. Jones United States District Judge

8 It is also ORDERED that all claims alleged against the Virginia Department of Corrections as a defendant are DISMISSED as legally frivolous, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1). It is well settled that neither the Commonwealth of Virginia nor any governmental entity acting as an arm of the state, such as the VDOC, is a “person” subject to suit under § 1983. See Will v. Mich. Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 70-71 (1989).
9 The defendants filed a Suggestion of Death as to defendant Elizabeth Thornton, Corrections Operations Administrator for the VDOC. Since substitution of a party under Rule 25 is discretionary, see Natale v. Country Ford Ltd., 287 F.R.D. 135, 137 (E.D.N.Y. 2012), and since a public official’s successor in office is automatically substituted as a party as to official capacity claims, Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(d), I will not hold the case open to substitute a party for the decedent.
J.A.- 408
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ROANOKE DIVISION

ERIC J. DePAOLA, Plaintiff,
v. VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendants.

)

)

) Case No. 7:14CV00692

)

)

JUDGMENT

)

) By: James P. Jones

) United States District Judge

)

)

For the reasons set forth in the Opinion and Order accompanying this

Judgment, it is ADJUDGED AND ORDERED that final judgment is rendered in

favor of the defendants. The clerk shall close the case.

ENTER: September 27, 2016

/s/ James P. Jones United States District Judge

J.A.- 409
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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on the foregoing “Joint Appendix” was filed with the
Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system 23rd day of June, 2017, which then
will send a notification of such filing to the following to:
Trevor S. Cox Matthew R. McGuire Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Div. 202 N. Ninth Street Richmond, VA 23219 T: (804) 786-7772

/s/ Maxwell J. Hyman Daniel Levin Andrew L. Black Maxwell J. Hyman Luca Winer Alexaida Collet
701 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 626-3600

 
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ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
No. 16-7358

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

ERIC JOSEPH DEPAOLA, DENIS RIVERA; LUIS VELAZQUEZ,
-v.-

Plaintiff-Appellant, Plaintiffs,

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL.,
Defendants-Appellees, EXTERNAL REVIEW TEAM, ET AL.,

Defendants.

ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA

OPENING BRIEF FOR PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
Daniel Levin Andrew L. Black Maxwell J. Hyman Luca Winer Alexaida Collet
701 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 626-3600 Counsel for Plaintiff-Appellant

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
JURISDICTIONAL STATEMENT ..........................................................................1
STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES...............................................................................2
STATEMENT OF THE CASE..................................................................................3
I. MR. DEPAOLA IS SENTENCED TO PRISON AS A JUVENILE AND SUBSEQUENTLY PLACED IN SOLITARY CONFINEMENT .................3
A. The Conditions Of Mr. DePaola’s Solitary Confinement.....................4
B. Because VDOC Classifies Mr. DePaola As An “IM” Prisoner, His Solitary Confinement Is Permanent ......................................................5
C. Mr. DePaola’s ICA Reviews ...............................................................10
II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY ..........................................................................12
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ......................................................................16
ARGUMENT ...........................................................................................................19
I. THE DISTRICT COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ALLOWING SUMMARY JUDGMENT PRIOR TO DISCOVERY.................................19
II. GENUINE DISPUTES OF MATERIAL FACT EXIST ON MR. DEPAOLA’S PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS CLAIM............................23
A. Uncontested Evidence Establishes Mr. DePaola’s Liberty Interest....25
B. Uncontested Evidence Shows That ICA Reviews Are Constitutionally Meaningless ..............................................................34
III. GENUINE DISPUTES OF MATERIAL FACT EXIST ON MR. DEPAOLA’S EIGHTH AMENDMENT CLAIMS......................................40
A. Mr. DePaola’s Conditions of Confinement Are “Sufficiently Serious” To Establish An Eighth Amendment Violation ...................41

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1. Mr. DePaola’s Lengthy Solitary Confinement Is Itself “Sufficiently Serious” Because Of The Substantial Risk of Harm It Creates .........................................................................41
2. Constant Light and Noise Deprive Mr. DePaola of the Basic Human Need for Sleep ..............................................................50
3. Mr. DePaola’s Allegations of Mental Illness Create a Separate “Sufficiently Serious” Condition ...............................51
B. Genuine Disputes Of Material Fact Exist As To Whether Appellees Acted with “Deliberate Indifference” ................................52
C. The Permanence Of Mr. DePaola’s Confinement Serves No Valid Penological Purpose ............................................................................53
D. Fourth Circuit Precedent Does Not Preclude Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment Claims .............................................................................56
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................58

ii

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

CASES

Page(s)

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242 (1986)............................................................................................21

Aref v. Lynch, 833 F.3d 242 (D.C. Cir. 2016)............................................................................30

Beverati v. Smith, 120 F.3d 500 (4th Cir. 1997) ..............................................................................33

Colon v. Howard, 215 F.3d 227 (2d Cir. 2000) ...............................................................................30

Covino v. Vt. Dep’t of Corr., 933 F.2d 128 (2d Cir. 1991) ...............................................................................30

Davis v. Ayala, 135 S. Ct. 2187 (2015)..................................................................................44, 49

Davis v. Zahradnick, 600 F.2d 458 (4th Cir. 1979) ..............................................................................22

Dixon v. Godinez, 114 F.3d 640 (7th Cir. 1997) ..............................................................................49

Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994)................................................................................41, 42, 53

First Chi. Int’l v. United Exch. Co., 836 F.2d 1375 (D.C. Cir. 1988)....................................................................21, 22

Glossip v. Gross, 135 S. Ct. 2726 (2015)........................................................................................44

Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976)......................................................................................54, 58

iii

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Harper v. Showers, 174 F.3d 716 (5th Cir. 1999) ........................................................................50, 51
Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25 (1993)..................................................................................41, 50, 52
Hellstrom v. United States Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 201 F.3d 97 (2d Cir. 2000) .................................................................................20
Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460 (1983).....................................................................................passim
In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160 (1890)............................................................................................42
Incumaa v. Stirling, 791 F.3d 517 (4th Cir. 2015) .......................................................................passim
Isby v. Brown, 856 F.3d 508 (7th Cir. 2017) ........................................................................23, 54
Keenan v. Hall, 83 F.3d 1083 (9th Cir. 1996) ..............................................................................51
Keller v. United States, 57 F.3d 1994 (7th Cir. 1995) ........................................................................31, 32
Kelly v. Brewer, 525 F.2d 394 (8th Cir. 1975) ..................................................................36, 37, 55
Latson v. Clarke, No. 1:16-cv-00039, 2017 WL 1407570 (W.D. Va. April 20, 2017) ............................................................................44, 52
Lopez v. Robinson, 914 F.2d 486 (4th Cir. 1990) ..............................................................................41
Lucas v. Burnley, 879 F.2d 1240 (4th Cir. 1989) ........................................................................7, 31
iv

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Madrid v. Gomez, 889 F. Supp. 1146 (N.D. Cal. 1995).............................................................51, 52
Marion v. Columbia Corr. Inst., 559 F.3d 693 (7th Cir. 2009) ..............................................................................30
McCray v. Md. Dep’t of Transp., 741 F.3d 480 (4th Cir. 2014) ..............................................................................21
Mickle v. Moore, 174 F.3d. 464 (4th Cir. 1999) .............................................................................57
Mims v. Shapp, 744 F.2d 946 (3d Cir. 1984) ...............................................................................55
Mitchell v. Rice, 954 F.2d 187 (4th Cir. 1992) ..............................................................................50
Morris v. Travisono, 499 F. Supp. 149 (D.R.I. 1980) ..........................................................................43
Morris v. Travisono, 549 F. Supp. 291 (D.R.I. 1982) ..........................................................................55
Price v. Johnston, 334 U.S. 266 (1948)............................................................................................26
Prieto v. Clarke, 780 F.3d 245 (4th Cir. 2015) ..............................................................................26
Proctor v. LeClaire, 846 F.3d 597 (2d Cir. 2017) ........................................................................passim
Putney v. Likin, 656 F. App’x 632 (4th Cir. 2016) .......................................................................21
Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337 (1981)......................................................................................57, 58

v

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Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005)............................................................................................45
Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472 (1995)......................................................................................26, 33
Scher v. Engelke, 943 F.2d 921 (8th Cir. 1991) ..............................................................................41
Shoats v. Horn, 213 F.3d 140 (3rd Cir. 2000) ..............................................................................30
Shrader v. White, 761 F.2d 975 (4th Cir. 1985) ..............................................................................41
Strickler v. Waters, 989 F.2d 1375 (4th Cir. 1993) ......................................................................41, 43
Toevs v. Reid, 685 F.3d 903 (10th Cir. 2012) ............................................................................36
Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86 (1958)........................................................................................45, 58
Trujillo v. Williams, 465 F.3d 1210 (10th Cir. 2006) ..........................................................................30
Tyree v. United States, 642 F. App’x 228 (4th Cir. 2016) .......................................................................23
Webster v. Rumsfeld, 156 F. App’x 517 (4th Cir. 2005) .......................................................................20
Williams v. Griffin, 952 F.2d 820 (4th Cir. 1991) ..............................................................................14
Williams v. Fountain, 77 F.3d 372 (11th Cir. 1996) ..............................................................................31

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Williams v. Norris, 277 F. App’x 647 (8th Cir. 2008) .......................................................................39
Williams v. Hobbs, 662 F.3d 994 (8th Cir. 2011) .......................................................................passim
Williams v. Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d 549 (3d Cir. 2017) ........................................................................passim
Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209 (2005).....................................................................................passim
STATUTES AND RULES
42 U.S.C. § 1983......................................................................................................16
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 .....................................................................................................13
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 .....................................................................................................69
SECONDARY SOURCES
Am. Corr. Assoc., Committee on Standards, August 2016; Assoc. of State Corr. Adm’rs, Guiding Principles for Restrictive Housing, http://www.asca.net/pdfdocs/9.pdf ...............................................................53, 54
Craig Haney & Mona Lynch, Regulating Prisons of the Future: A Psychological Analysis of Supermax and Solitary Confinement, 23 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 477 (1997) .......................................................43
Craig Haney, Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and “Supermax” Confinement, 49 Crime & Delinquency 124 (2003) ..................................passim
Gary C. Mohr and Rick Raemisch, Restrictive Housing: Taking the Lead, Corrections Today (2015), available at http://www.asca.net/pdfdocs/6.pdf............................................54, 57
Hernán Reyes, The worst scars are in the mind: psychological torture, 89 Int’l Rev. of the Red Cross, No. 867, 591 (Sept. 2007) ....................................46

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Jules Lobel, Prolonged Solitary Confinement and the Constitution, 11 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 115 (2008) ......................................................................................49
Kenneth Appelbaum, Am. Psychiatry Should Join the Call to Abolish Solitary Confinement, 43 J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry & L. 406 (2015) ...............46
Metzner & Fellner, Solitary Confinement and Mental Illness in U.S. Prisons: A Challenge for Medical Ethics, 38 J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law 104 (2010) .................................................................................................................52
Stuart Grassian, Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement, 22 Wash. U. J.L. Pol’y 325 (2006) .........................................................................................47
Thomas L. Hafemeister & Jeff George, The Ninth Circle of Hell: An Eighth Amendment Analysis of Imposing Prolonged Supermax Solitary Confinement on Inmates with Mental Illness, 90 Denv. U.L. Rev. 1 (2012) .................................................................................................................46
U.N. Interim Report Of The Special Rapporteur Of The Human Rights Council On Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment, U.N. Doc. A/66/268 (Aug. 5, 2011) ........................................49
U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Mandela Rules), U.N. Econ. & Soc. Comm. on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 24th Sess., U.N. Doc. E/CN.15/2015/L.6/Rev.1 (May 21, 2015) ........45

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JURISDICTIONAL STATEMENT The district court possessed jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331. The district court granted summary judgment to Appellees on September 28, 2016 (ECF No. 77), disposing of all of Mr. DePaola’s claims. Mr. DePaola filed a timely notice of appeal on October 6, 2016 (ECF No. 78). This Court has appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

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STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES Mr. DePaola has been held in solitary confinement for the last eight years and will remain in solitary confinement until his sentence ends in 2040. The district court granted summary judgment on all of Mr. DePaola’s claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 1. Did the district court abuse its discretion by forcing Mr. DePaola into summary judgment proceedings prior to discovery, prejudicing his ability to support his Eighth Amendment and procedural due process arguments? 2. Did Mr. DePaola demonstrate a genuine dispute of material fact that holding him in solitary confinement for the past eight years and for the remainder of his sentence, without regard to whether he presents an ongoing risk to the general population, violates his procedural due process rights? 3. Did Mr. DePaola demonstrate a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether his past eight years and continuing solitary confinement violates the Eighth Amendment because: (1) it deprives him of basic human needs to which Appellees are deliberately indifferent; and/or (2) serves no valid penological purpose?

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STATEMENT OF THE CASE I. MR. DEPAOLA IS SENTENCED TO PRISON AS A JUVENILE AND
SUBSEQUENTLY PLACED IN SOLITARY CONFINEMENT Sentenced to prison at age 16, Eric J. DePaola has been housed in solitary confinement at Virginia’s Red Onion State Prison (“Red Onion”) for the last eight years. Unless this Court intervenes, he will remain in solitary confinement until Virginia releases him from prison in 2040—a total of 31 years. J.A.-375. In 2004, Mr. DePaola pleaded guilty to two counts of malicious wounding, use of firearm in a felony, statutory burglary, and two counts of abduction. He was sentenced to 38 years in prison. J.A.-210; 378-379, 386. Mr. DePaola began serving his sentence in the general population of Wallens Ridge State Prison. On February 27, 2007, he was transferred to Red Onion’s general population. J.A.-161 ¶ 11; 379. On September 14, 2009, after a dispute, Mr. DePaola stabbed a prison guard. J.A.-161 ¶ 11. The wound was nonfatal. As a result, Mr. DePaola was convicted of malicious wounding in July 2011. He was sentenced to ten years with five years suspended, to run concurrently with his previous sentence. J.A.-161 ¶ 11; 210. In addition to general population prisoners, Red Onion houses prisoners in “administrative segregation,” more commonly known as solitary confinement. This form of solitary confinement “is not a disciplinary measure,” but used to isolate prisoners that Virginia Department of Corrections (“VDOC”) determines
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pose a disruption or risk to the general population. J.A.-166-167 (O.P.830.A at
III); 313. In 2009, Red Onion placed Mr. DePaola in solitary confinement on the
basis of his stabbing offense. J.A.-92 ¶¶ 81-82.
A. The Conditions Of Mr. DePaola’s Solitary Confinement
For the approximately 500 prisoners held in solitary confinement at Red
Onion, life is marked by extreme deprivation. J.A.-330. According to Mr.
DePaola’s uncontested evidence, he is:
• confined alone in an 8 x 10-foot cell, with a frosted-glass window that prevents any view of the outside world, for 24 hours a day on non-recreation and non-shower days (J.A.-273-275 ¶¶ 61, 66, 70, 75);
• required to eat all meals alone in his cell (J.A.-273-275 ¶¶ 61, 74; 313);
• forced to sleep under bright lights, which “stay[] on inside the cells at all times, 24/7,” in the presence of “feces, blood, urine” and pervasive “noises of . . . prisoners screaming, beating on doors [and] walls.” (J.A.-273-274 ¶¶ 63-65);
• obliged to undergo a cavity search “which includes the parting of one’s buttocks for visual inspection of the anus, the lifting of one[’s] testicles and penis,” each time before leaving his cell (J.A.-273 ¶ 58);
• deprived of any physical human contact except when a guard places handcuffs and leg shackles on him each time before leaving his cell (J.A.-274 ¶¶ 67, 68; 89 ¶ 71);
• permitted to leave his cell only for a 15-minute shower three times per week, and for an hour of
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“recreation . . . five separate days a week” in a 5-by-9foot “dog style cage” (J.A.-90 ¶ 73; 313); • escorted at all times when outside his cell, under the aim of a 40mm gun that shoots live rounds and the watch of a K-9 dog (J.A.-90 ¶ 72); and • unable to obtain a prison job or participate in vocational training (J.A.-289 ¶ 208; 87 ¶ 60). Unsurprisingly, as of October 2012, at least 173 of the 505 prisoners in solitary confinement at Red Onion—over one third (34%)—“were considered mentally ill.” J.A.-331. The harsh conditions of solitary confinement at Red Onion have caused Mr. DePaola to suffer from mental illness and mental deterioration, frustration, anxiety, anguish, and night terrors. J.A.-94 ¶ 93. He has also experienced physical deterioration, headaches, weight loss, loss of eyesight due to the bright fluorescent lights, loss of sleep, and akathisia. J.A.-94 ¶ 93. And, Mr. DePaola is denied the ability to reduce his sentence through credited time for his good behavior while in solitary confinement. J.A.-275 ¶ 78. B. Because VDOC Classifies Mr. DePaola As An “IM” Prisoner, His Solitary Confinement Is Permanent O.P. 830.A became effective on February 18, 2013, four years after Mr. DePaola was placed in solitary confinement. J.A.-86 ¶ 54-56. Upon initial assignment to administrative segregation, prison staff sort prisoners into one of two pathways based on an evaluation of their risk to the prison population: Intensive
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Management (“IM”) or Special Management (“SM”). See J.A.-166-167 (O.P.830.A at I-III); 168 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(B)(1)(d)(i)) (prisoners are assigned “to either [IM] or [SM] based on their identified risk level (emphases added)).
Prisoners designated IM include those whom prison staff have determined possess a behavior characteristic “for extreme and/or deadly violence.” J.A.-166167 (O.P.830.A at III). Prisoners assigned to SM include those with “disruptive behaviors at lower level facilities,” such as violent resistance to staff intervention “resulting in harm to staff . . . without the intent to [seriously] harm or . . . kill.” J.A.-166-167 (O.P.830.A at III).
Prisoners in SM are able to participate in Red Onion’s Step-Down Program. J.A.-172 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(F)(6)(a)). The Step-Down program tracks the prisoners’ progress in three areas: disciplinary infractions, responsible behavior, and self-improvement and education. J.A.-169-170 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(E)(4)(a)). Prisoners who meet their goals in these areas can progress to Level 6, where they begin a process of “re-socialization in preparation for stepping down to Level 5,” which is the general population. J.A.-172 (O.P.830.A (IV)(F)(6)); 110 (O.P.830.2 at (IV)(A)).
Appellees admitted in their Answer below that, unlike SM prisoners, “IM status prisoners are not eligible for the step-down program.” Compare J.A.-85 ¶ 52, with J.A.-152 ¶ 52. That judicial admission is binding. See Lucas v. Burnley,
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879 F.2d 1240, 1242-43 (4th Cir. 1989) (“[A] party is bound by the admissions of his pleadings.”). That IM prisoners are not eligible for the record is further supported by the record. See J.A.-172 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(F)(6)(a)) (IM prisoners “are not currently eligible for Step-Down” to the general population and “[t]he Step-Down program is for previously SM offenders” (emphasis added)). A detailed flow chart in an updated version of the Step-Down Program guidelines further demonstrates this point. See Attachment at 14, June 23, 2017, ECF No. 25.
As such, prisoners assigned to the IM pathway based on a single past transgression are permanently barred from reentering the general population. Unsurprisingly, a “large number of prisoners [in Virginia] are in prolonged segregation for years and decades” and “will one day be released directly into the community, without first spending time in general prison population.” J.A.-314; see also J.A.-317 (some prisoners “have been in solitary confinement for 15 years”).
In lieu of a Step-Down Program, IM prisoners complete a curriculum that allows them to advance in “privilege level” from IM-0—the most restrictive level—to IM-1, IM-2, and finally to IM-SL6—the “lowest security level” for IM prisoners. J.A.-161 ¶ 9; 169 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(D)(1), (3)(b)). As of July 2016, Mr. DePaola was designated IM-1. J.A.-165 ¶ 24. According to O.P. 830.A, the IM-1 privilege level entitles an inmate to three library books per week, television
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from Friday at noon until Monday at 6:00 a.m., an AM/FM radio, one video visitation per month, one audio book per month, two phone calls per month, and a one-hour “non-contact” in-person visitation per week, during which the inmate is separated from his visitor by a pane of plexiglass. J.A.-382; 178 (O.P.830.A at Appx. F). The privileges for IM-2 prisoners are only slightly better. See J.A.-17880 (one more library book per month, one more phone call per month, television on “[s]pecial events,” and group programming in a “secure chair”); J.A.-91 ¶ 75 (a “secure chair” is a “steel desk chair” to which the inmate “leg-shackled”). These privileges do little to compensate for the “inhumane” conditions of permanent solitary confinement that Red Onion before their release. J.A.-321.
IM prisoners who advance to IM-SL6 are moved to the IM-SL6 Closed Pod, but they can progress no further. See J.A.-89 ¶ 69 (“IM status prisoners are not allowed to progress any further than the IMC SL6 Pod for the duration of their sentence.”); J.A.-169 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(D)(1)(b); 273 ¶ 60; 162 ¶ 14 (IM-SL6 Closed Pod is “for offenders possibly facing a long term in a high security setting”); Attach. to Mot. for Leave to File at 14, June 23, 2017, ECF No. 25 (“IM offenders are not eligible for Step-Down.”).
An IM inmate confined to the IM-SL6 Closed Pod is still “locked in [his] cell[] 23-24 hours a day” (J.A.-90-91 ¶ 75); faces a cavity search each time before his cell (J.A.-273 ¶ 58); exercises alone in a “5x9 dog style cage” on the back
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section of the yard” (J.A.-90 ¶ 73); “continue[s] to have . . . segregated showers”; “out-of-cell restraints, shackles, and dual escorts” (J.A.-385); is “under constant aim of a 40mm assault weapon that shoots live rounds” and the watch of a K-9 dog at all times when outside his cell (J.A.-89-91 ¶¶ 71, 72, 75). Put simply, IM prisoners who progress to the IM-SL6 Closed Pod remain in solitary confinement. See J.A.-290 ¶ 211 (IM-SL6 Closed Pod is “segregation”); J.A.-178 (O.P.830.A at Appx. F: listing some confinement conditions in IM-SL6 Closed Pod); J.A.-162 ¶ 14 (same).
Prisoners housed in the IM-SL6 Closed Pod can “earn more privileges than any other group of IM inmates” (J.A.-385) but these privileges are not meaningfully distinguishable from those afforded to IM prisoners held at levels IM-0 to IM-2. See J.A.-178 (830.A at Appx. F). Compared to IM prisoners at the IM-2 privilege level, prisoners in the IM-SL6 Closed Pod receive one more book, one more hour of visitation time per week, and one more phone call and one more video visitation per month. J.A.-178 (830.A at Appx. F). Prisoners in the IM-SL6 Closed Pod who are eligible for jobs “are required (on a rotating basis) to be leg shackled to a steel desk chair (labeled a secure chair) at the front of the pod (under aim of 40mm and threat of K-9) to roll sporks, salt and pepper into napkins . . . for several hours per day.” J.A.-90-91 ¶ 75. Prisoners who refuse to work receive an

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infraction, are removed from the IM-SL6 Closed Pod, and have their privileges revoked. J.A.-90-91 ¶ 75.
C. Mr. DePaola’s ICA Reviews The Institutional Classification Authority (“ICA”) reviews administrativesegregation prisoners’ “adjustment and behavior” every “90 days.” J.A.-238 (O.P.861.3 at (IX)(A)(5)); 175 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(K)(5)(A)); see also J.A.-385; 161 ¶ 11. For SM prisoners, ICA Reviews provide an opportunity for their “progress” to be recognized with “reduction to . . . Level 6” and eventually the general population. J.A.-116 (O.P.830.2 at (G)(8)). However, because the StepDown Program does not apply to IM prisoners (see J.A.-172 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(F)(6)(a))), ICA Reviews are only used to determine the prisoners’ privilege level, not their fitness for return to the general population. J.A.-159 ¶ 5, 14; 175 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(K)(5)). In theory, the ICA’s recommendations must determine and explain why an inmate classified as IM presents a “threat to security.” J.A.-238 (O.P.861.3 at (IX)(A)(5)(b)); see also J.A.-238 (O.P.861.3 at (IX)(A)(5)(a)) (ICA Review recommendations must be based on “the reason for assignment [to administrative segregation]” and “the offender’s behavior”). Mr. DePaola’s ICA Review reports, however, do not provide a basis for his ongoing solitary confinement. Many of the reports in the record have no substantive justifications for holding Mr. DePaola in
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solitary confinement and do not explain why he poses a risk to the general population. See, e.g., J.A.-360 (Dec. 6, 2013) (“ICA recommends IM Closed Pod”); J.A.-367 (Dec. 5, 2014) (“ICA recommends segregation”); J.A.-353 (May 15, 2012) (“[F]or orderly operations of the institution”); J.A.-370; 371 (September 3, 2015) (“Remain segregation.”); J.A.-374 (April 8, 2016) (DePaola “is housed appropriately in segregation”). Others refer to Mr. DePaola’s now nearly decadeold stabbing offense. See J.A.-357 (March 5, 2013); J.A.-358 (June 6, 2013).
Mr. DePaola’s behavior in solitary confinement has been largely positive. For the first four years days of his segregation—from September 14, 2009, until December 22, 2013—Mr. DePaola did not receive a single disciplinary infraction. J.A.-162-163 ¶ 15; 210. The infractions Mr. DePaola incurred since are mostly minor “200 series” charges: two for possession of contraband within the span of eight months (J.A.-161 ¶ 11; 219) (possession of magnets); (J.A.-162-163 ¶ 15; 214) (possession of undisclosed “contraband”), and one for failing to comply with grooming standards, a charge that was later dismissed (J.A.-164 ¶ 22; 249). Mr. DePaola has received two “100 series” charges in his eight years of solitary confinement: one for “tampering with [a] lever on the side of [his] sink” (J.A.-163 ¶ 16; 216; 163 ¶ 17; 219), and one for “possession of a sharpened instrument” that prison staff found in a cell Mr. DePaola previously occupied—a charge he emphatically denies (J.A.-164 ¶ 23; 251). None of Mr. DePaola’s ICA Reviews
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mentions the sharpened-instrument charge as a basis for continuing his administrative segregation, or that he has committed or threatened any violence during his eight years in solitary confinement. II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On December 19, 2014, Mr. DePaola filed his action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia against VDOC and 31 persons—including VDOC Director Harold Clarke, VDOC Chief of Operations A. David Robinson, Red Onion Warden Randall Mathena, and Red Onion IM-SL6 Closed Pod Manager J. Artrip. J.A.-76-83 ¶¶ 3-38. Specifically, Mr. DePaola alleged, inter alia, that (1) that the administrative segregation review procedures for IM prisoners violate his Fourteenth Amendment right to procedural due process rights; and (2) the conditions of prolonged solitary confinement constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment. J.A. 378; 83 ¶¶ 39, 41. The district court denied Mr. DePaola’s request to appoint counsel for his benefit. J.A.-57 (finding no “exceptional circumstances justifying appointment of counsel”).
Mr. DePaola propounded interrogatories to Appellees seeking to identify proper defendants for his § 1983 action. J.A.-59. Appellees then moved to dismiss Mr. DePaola’s Complaint, pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, for failure to state a claim. J.A.-63. Appellees also moved for a
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protective order to stay discovery while their motion to dismiss was pending, J.A.65. The district court granted the protective Order next day, allowing Mr. DePaola no time to oppose or even receive the Motion for Protective Order by mail. J.A.69. In granting the protective order, the district court directed Appellees to file interrogatory responses within 21 days of an order on Appellees’ motion to dismiss. J.A.-69. Mr. DePaola subsequently filed an objection to the Protective Order. Objections, DePaola v. Va. Dep’t of Corrs., No. 7:14-cv-00692 (W.D. Va. Nov. 13, 2015), ECF No. 48.
Mr. DePaola opposed Appellees’ motion to dismiss and moved to amend his Complaint. J.A.-70. The district court granted Mr. DePaola’s motion to amend and denied Appellees’ motion to dismiss. J.A.-71-72. In that same order, the district court directed Appellees to file a motion for summary judgment within 60 days. J.A.-73.
When Appellees failed to file a response to Mr. DePaola’s interrogatories within 21 days of the denial of Appellees’ motion to dismiss, Mr. DePaola filed a motion to compel (J.A.-134), which the district court granted (J.A.-137). Appellees’ eventual responses to Mr. DePaola’s interrogatories were incomplete, claiming that “some of the interrogatories could not be fully answered.” J.A.-141.
On July 28, 2016, Appellees filed both their Motion for Summary Judgment and their Answer to Mr. DePaola’s Amended Complaint. J.A.-156; 147. The
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district court issued a Roseboro notice to Mr. DePaola, but the notice did not advise Mr. DePaola of his right to seek reasonable discovery in order to demonstrate a triable issue of fact. J.A.-261.
Mr. DePaola filed an opposition to summary judgment that attached a lengthy and detailed sworn declaration1 describing his harsh confinement conditions and suffering in prolonged solitary confinement. Mr. DePaola’s affidavit refers to 48 exhibits.
From this evidence, Mr. DePaola argued, inter alia, that the conditions of his near-decade in solitary confinement violate procedural due process because they are atypical and significantly harsh compared to conditions in the general population. J.A.-399. He argued ICA Reviews are meaningless because the evidence establishes that Appellees have predetermined he will permanently reside in administrative segregation, regardless whether he presents a present or future security risk, because they label him as an IM prisoner. J.A.-389. Mr. DePaola also argued that his lengthy solitary violates the Eighth Amendment because of the conditions of his solitary confinement and because no penological purpose exists

1 An inmate’s allegations in his verified complaint are the “equivalent of an opposing affidavit for summary judgment purposes” and may establish a genuine dispute of material fact. Williams v. Griffin, 952 F.2d 820, 823-27 (4th Cir. 1991) (inmate’s allegations in verified complaint on conditions of confinement protected his Eighth Amendment claim from summary judgment).
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for his continued solitary confinement. J.A.-393n.5. Appellees did not file a reply brief or any contrary evidence.
The district court granted summary judgment to Appellees on all of Mr. DePaola’s claims. J.A.-378, 408. The court concluded that Mr. DePaola’s eight years and counting of solitary confinement does not implicate a protected liberty interest because “if [he] continues to work on improving his behavior and changing his thinking . . . he can be evaluated for steps toward . . . a general population setting.” J.A.-400. The court did not examine whether Mr. DePaola had been afforded meaningful periodic review to determine if he could reenter the general population. J.A.-402. As for Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment claim, the court concluded that he did “not allege that he was deprived of any necessity for life, such as food or shelter” and faulted Mr. DePaola for failing to offer evidence that his “various mental and physical discomforts” were serious or required medical attention. J.A.-407.
Mr. DePaola timely appealed the district court’s decision on October 10, 2016. J.A.-410. This Court assigned White & Case LLP to represent Mr. DePaola on appeal, and White & Case LLP accepted the representation on a pro bono basis.

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SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT The district court abused its discretion by ordering the Appellees to move for summary judgment and by granting summary judgment without allowing for any meaningful discovery. In addition, the district court erred in granting summary judgment because Mr. DePaola, despite having no meaningful opportunity for discovery, raised genuine disputes of material fact as to whether his procedural due process rights were violated. The district court further erred in granting summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment claims. The district court ordered Appellees to file a motion for summary judgment even before Appellees had filed an answer to Mr. DePaola’s Amended Complaint. Indeed, a Standing Order of the district court has institutionalized the practice of ordering summary judgment on claims of Red Onion prisoners before discovery. Mr. DePaola had no reasonable opportunity to obtain discovery that would have aided his opposition to Appellees’ motion, such as an evaluation by an independent health professional. This prejudiced Mr. DePaola’s ability to raise genuine disputes of material fact on his constitutional claims. Yet, the district court granted summary judgment on all Mr. DePaola’s claims, and even pointed to Mr. DePaola’s lack of evidence as part of its reasoning for doing so. This was an abuse of discretion.

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In addition, the district court erred by granting summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s procedural due process claims. The court concluded that his conditions of confinement do not implicate a protected liberty interest. But, viewing Mr. DePaola’s uncontested evidence in the light most favorable to him, the conditions he has endured during his eight years of solitary confinement are nearly identical to those that this Court held in Incumaa v. Stirling, 791 F.3d 517 (4th Cir. 2015), are atypical in comparison to the general population, and more severe than conditions that the Supreme Court held in Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209 (2005), implicated a liberty interest under any plausible baseline.
The court reasoned that the Step-Down Program “addresses and alleviates” these conditions because, through good behavior and concerted efforts, Red Onion will eventually permit Mr. DePaola to reenter the general population. The district court was wrong. Appellees admitted in their Answer that IM prisoners like Mr. DePaola are not eligible for the Step-Down Program, and Mr. DePaola’s uncontested evidence establishes that, for IM prisoners, solitary confinement is permanent. Notably, the district court has made the same finding when granting summary judgment without discovery in at least nine other Red Onion solitary cases, glossing over the record and largely copying its reasoning from one opinion to the next. Because the uncontested record evidence raises a question whether VDOC has or will ever provide Mr. DePaola meaningful periodic review of
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whether he can return to the general population, summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s procedural due process claim was improper.
The district court also erred in granting summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment claim. Mr. DePaola faces a total of 31 years in solitary confinement. He has already served eight years. The conditions of Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement—exacerbated by the extraordinary length of that confinement—cause serious physical and emotional injury. A contrary conclusion would ignore uniform scientific consensus, international and social norms, and a growing body of case law acknowledging the significant harm such confinement causes. Mr. DePaola put forward evidence of numerous harms that are hallmarks of the deleterious effects of long-term solitary confinement. Further, genuine disputes of material fact also remain as to whether Mr. DePaola has suffered serious harm due to constant light and noise that deprive him of the basic human need for sleep, or because his existing mental illness makes him especially susceptible to the afflictions of solitary confinement.
The harms caused by lengthy solitary confinement are obvious. Indeed, in the light of the vast body of scientific data demonstrating the harms of long-term solitary and the ever growing body of case law, State correctional departments, including Virginia’s, have recognized the need for solitary confinement reform.

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As a result, genuine disputes of material fact exist as to whether Appellees acted with deliberate indifference.
Finally, summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment claim was improper for another, independent reason. Because Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement is permanent and not based on an ongoing assessment of whether he still presents a risk to the general population, there remains a genuine dispute as to whether Mr. DePaola’s suffering serves any valid penological purpose.
ARGUMENT I. THE DISTRICT COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN
ALLOWING SUMMARY JUDGMENT PRIOR TO DISCOVERY The district court abused its discretion by entertaining summary judgment before discovery and without considering whether this would prejudice Mr. DePaola’s ability to mount an adequate opposition. See Webster v. Rumsfeld, 156 F. App’x 571, 576 (4th Cir. 2005) (“[S]ummary judgment is not appropriate prior to the completion of discovery.”); Hellstrom v. U.S. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 201 F.3d 94, 97 (2d Cir. 2000) (“Only in the rarest of cases may summary judgment be granted against a plaintiff who has not been afforded the opportunity to conduct discovery.”).

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Rule 56(d)2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure directs that “summary judgment be refused where the nonmoving party has not had the opportunity to discover information that is essential to his opposition.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250 n.5 (1985); see also Putney v. Likin, 656 F. App’x 632, 639 (4th Cir. 2016) (“Ruling on a summary judgment motion before discovery forces the non-moving party into a fencing match without a sword or mask.” (quoting McCray v. Md. Dep’t of Transp., 741 F.3d 480, 483 (4th Cir. 2014))).
At the time Appellees filed their summary judgment motion, Mr. DePaola— proceeding pro se after the district court declined to appoint counsel (J.A.-57)— had already issued interrogatories and objected to the protective order to stay discovery pending review of their motion to dismiss. See J.A.-59. Notwithstanding his attempts to pursue discovery, the accelerated timeframe the district court imposed provided no meaningful opportunity for discovery. See Hellstrom, 201 F.3d at 98 (holding that grant of summary judgment was premature and nonmovant was prejudiced because no opportunity for discovery was given). And, the interrogatories Mr. DePaola had issued remained unanswered at the time of discovery. J.A.-141. Under these facts, the district court was alerted that discovery was needed, serving as the functional equivalent of a Rule 56(d)
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affidavit. See First Chi. Int’l v. United Exch. Co., 836 F.2d 1375, 1380-81 (D.C.
Cir. 1988) (holding that outstanding discovery requests served as the functional
equivalent of a Rule 56(d) affidavit because the district court had reason to know
further discovery was needed).
Moreover, any attempt by Mr. DePaola to oppose summary judgment on the
basis that summary judgment was premature and discovery was needed would
have been futile. The district court ordered Appellees to move for summary
judgment, and the district court’s Standing Order further instructs parties that the
court may direct parties to file a motion for summary judgment supported by
affidavits, i.e., without discovery. See Standing Order No. 2013-6 at 1 (effective
July 1, 2013). Indeed, the Standing Order warns prisoners that “[f]ailure to comply
with such an order in an appropriate case may result in the imposition of sanctions
including, but not limited to, motion preclusion at trial.” Id. And, the district
court’s Roseboro notice did not inform Mr. DePaola of his right to oppose summary judgment on the ground that he needed discovery.3
3 The district court’s Roseboro notice was insufficient here because Mr. DePaola was not informed of his right to undertake reasonable discovery. Cf. Davis v. Zahradnick, 600 F.2d 458, 461 (4th Cir. 1979) (“Such [Roseboro] notice must be reasonably calculated to inform the nonmoving party of the conversion, and of his right to file countering affidavits or to undertake reasonable discovery in an effort to produce a triable issue of fact.” (emphasis added)). In Zahradnick, this Court explained what notice was necessary for a converted 12(b)(6) motion. The facts here are similar because the Rule 56 motion was filed the same day as Appellees’ Answer, allowing no time for discovery. As a pro se plaintiff, Mr. DePaola should
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These premature summary judgment proceedings prejudiced Mr. DePaola. See Tyree v. United States, 642 F. App’x 228, 230 (4th Cir. 2016). For example, the district court granted summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment claim because he did not show that his mental and physical complaints arising from over eight years in solitary confinement were “health concerns [that] qualified as a serious or significant harm, or that he needed medical help for them.” J.A.-407. But the district court never permitted Mr. DePaola to obtain a courtordered examination by an independent health professional. Fed. R. Civ. P. 35; See, e.g., Williams v. Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d at 549, 574 (3d Cir. 2017) (inmate retained expert who concluded that 20 years in solitary confinement left him “deteriorated to the point of social death” (emphasis added)). Similarly, the district court never permitted Mr. DePaola to obtain testimony from prison employees on the reasons for continuing to hold him in solitary confinement, which has proven to be an indispensable benefit for prisoners defending similar claims from summary judgment. E.g., Isby v. Brown, 856 F.3d 508, 515 (7th Cir. 2017); Proctor v. LeClaire, 846 F.3d 597, 612-13 (2d Cir. 2017); Williams v. Hobbs, 662 F.3d 994, 1002 (8th Cir. 2011).4
have been informed of his right to oppose summary judgment on Rule 56(d) grounds. 4 The district court has apparently institutionalized a practice of granting summary judgment without discovery on claims brought by prisoners in solitary confinement at Red Onion. In addition to Mr. DePaola’s case, it also ordered summary
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II. GENUINE DISPUTES OF MATERIAL FACT EXIST ON MR. DEPAOLA’S PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS CLAIM
The uncontested evidence in this case establishes a genuine dispute of
material fact regarding whether Appellees violated Mr. DePaola’s procedural due
process rights. Incuma, 791 F.3d 517, 526 (4th Cir. 2015) (expounding two-part
test for violations of procedural due process).
First, regardless of whether Mr. DePaola’s administrative segregation has a
valid penological purpose, he possesses a protected liberty interest in avoiding
administrative segregation. Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 224 (2005) (liberty
interest analysis does not consider whether confinement conditions are “necessary
or appropriate”). VDOC policies mandate review of Mr. DePaola’s segregation
status “at least every ninety days,” and the Due Process Clause mandates this
judgment in several other cases—all pursuant to motions for summary judgment that the court ordered before any opportunity for discovery, and all utilizing the same language appearing here that “an inmate’s confinement in segregation at Red Onion is, for a likely majority of inmates, only as lengthy and restrictive as dictated by his own effort and behavior.” See, e.g., Barnard v. Clarke, No. 7:15cv-160 (W.D. Va. Sept. 26, 2016), ECF No. 41; Faison v. Clarke, No. 7:15-cv-530 (W.D. Va. Sept. 26, 2016), ECF No. 21; Batte v. Clarke, No. 7:15-cv-158 (W.D. Va. Sept. 27, 2016), ECF No. 32; Canada v. Clarke, No. 7:15-cv-65 (W.D. Va. Sept. 27, 2016), ECF No. 68 (appeal noticed Oct. 21, 2016); Valazquez v. VDOC, No. 7:15-cv-157 (W.D. Va. Sept. 27, 2016), ECF No. 60; Vigil v. Clarke, No. 7:15cv-159 (W.D. Va. Sept. 27, 2016), ECF No. 35; Obataiye-Allah v. VDOC, 7:15-cv230 (W.D. Va. Sept. 28, 2016), ECF No. 62; Rivera v. VDOC, No. 7:15-cv-156 (W.D. Va. Dec. 8, 2016), ECF No. 92. Indeed, the District Court for the Western District of Virginia appears to order summary judgment proceedings prior to discovery in all prisoner cases pursuant to the court’s “Standing Order No. 20136.” See, e.g., Order, Freeman, No. 7:16-cv-61 (W.D. Va. May 20, 2016), ECF No. 16.
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meaningful periodic review. J.A.-385; 186 (O.P.830.A at Appx. G); see Hewitt, 459 U.S. at 477 n.9; Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 527 (liberty interest where prison policy required review every 30 days). Mr. DePaola’s harsh and indefinite solitary confinement also presents “atypical and significant hardship in relation to the general prison population.” Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 529. Mr. DePaola offered evidence that his conditions of confinement are materially indistinguishable from the conditions this Court in Incumaa found created a liberty interest when compared to the general population and worse than those the Supreme Court in Wilkinson held created a liberty interest under any plausible baseline. Appellees offered no evidence to the contrary. The district court simply ignored Mr. DePaola’s evidence and failed to construe the record in his favor, as it must when considering whether to enter summary judgment. Id. at 524. Because Mr. DePaola established a protected liberty interest, he is entitled to periodic “meaningful review” of whether he presents a current or future risk to the general population. Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 533.
Second, Appellees admitted they did not provide “periodic review” of whether Mr. DePaola remains a security risk or can reside safely in the general population. Id. at 534 (quoting Hewitt v. Helms, 450 U.S. 460, 477 n.9 (1983)). Because VDOC has permanently barred Mr. DePaola from reentering the general population solely on the basis of his past act, ICA Reviews are “pre-ordained [and]
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tantamount to no review at all.” Proctor, 846 F.3d at 610. This violates Mr. DePaola’s procedural due process rights.
The district court concluded that Mr. DePaola is not entitled to any meaningful review because he has no liberty interest in avoiding oppressive and indefinite solitary confinement. This was error. As such, this Court should reverse the district court’s award of summary judgment to Appellees.
A. Uncontested Evidence Establishes Mr. DePaola’s Liberty Interest “Although lawful incarceration brings about the necessary withdrawal or limitation of many privileges and rights, a prisoner’s right to liberty does not entirely disappear.” Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 526 (alteration in original omitted) (quoting Price v. Johnston, 334 U.S. 266, 285 (1948)). As this Court has recognized, “prisoners have a liberty interest in avoiding confinement conditions that impose ‘atypical and significant hardship on the inmate in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life.’” Id. (quoting Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 484 (1995)). Mr. DePaola meets the first requirement of establishing a liberty interest because O.P. 830.A sets forth criteria for which prisoners should be assigned to segregation and “creates an expectation that ‘S’ level offenders will receive reviews of their classification status,” as does the Due Process Clause. J.A.-384; see Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 527 (citing Prieto v. Clarke, 780 F.3d 245, 249 (4th Cir.
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2015)) (setting forth the two prongs of liberty-interest analysis); Hewitt, 459 U.S. at 477 n.9. The only question here is whether Mr. DePaola’s lengthy and indefinite solitary confinement “constitutes atypical and significant hardship in relation to the general prison population.” Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 528-29 (“[A]lthough the general prison population is not the relevant atypicality baseline in all cases, it is the touchstone in cases where the inmate asserting a liberty interest was sentenced to confinement in the general population and later transferred to security detention.”) (emphasis added); J.A.-385. The answer is clearly “yes.”
The prisoners in Wilkinson established a liberty interest in avoiding segregation in Ohio’s Supermax prison. There, “every aspect of an inmate’s life [was] controlled and monitored”; prisoners were “deprived of almost any environmental or sensory stimuli and of almost all human contact,” and spent 23 hours per day alone in a 7-by-14 foot cell, where they ate all meals; the cell light was left on 24 hours per day, but could be dimmed; prisoners were permitted to leave their cells to exercise “for one hour per day, but only in a small indoor room”; visitation opportunities were “rare and in all events . . . conducted through glass walls”; and placement in administrative segregation was “indefinite,” i.e., “limited only by an inmate’s sentence,” and disqualified prisoners from consideration for parole . 545 U.S. at 214; id. at 223-24. The Supreme Court held that these conditions “impose[d] an atypical and significant hardship” not only
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when compared to the general population, but also “under any plausible baseline.” Id. at 223 (emphasis added).
This Court similarly concluded that the inmate in Incumaa possessed a liberty interest because he was “confine[d] to a small cell for all sleeping and waking hours,” except for a ten-minute shower three times per week and for an hour of “recreation” indoors “approximately ten times per month”; was “required to eat all meals in his cell”; was unable to socialize with other prisoners; and was denied “educational, vocational, and therapy programs.” 791 F.3d at 531; see also id. at 521-22 (providing bulleted list describing harsh conditions). The Incumaa prisoner’s solitary confinement was “extraordinary in its duration and indefiniteness” because he had already served 20 years in these highly restrictive conditions and prison regulations placed no maximum time limit on his administrative segregation. Id. at 531-32. And, notably, this Court concluded that the “near-daily cavity and strip searches” the Incumaa prisoner endured each time before leaving his cell rendered his confinement conditions “worse in some respects” than what the Wilkinson prisoners experienced. Id. at 531.
Mr. DePaola’s conditions in solitary confinement are practically indistinguishable from Incumaa or, in some respects, worse than those the Supreme Court in Wilkinson concluded were atypical compared to “any plausible baseline,” 545 U.S. at 223: His administrative segregation is indefinite because
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O.P. 830.A does not place a time limit on his in solitary confinement. J.A.-273 ¶ 59; 375. He is subject to “a highly intrusive” cavity search each time before leaving his cell. Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 531 (noting that “near-daily” cavity searches rendered an inmate’s conditions of confinement “worse” than those present in Wilkinson). His cell is 18 square feet smaller than those at issue in Wilkinson. The bright light in his cell stays on “at all times, 24/7,” even while he sleeps—it is never dimmed. And, while in solitary confinement, Mr. DePaola’s ability to accrue credits toward an early end of his sentence for good behavior is restricted. J.A.-275 ¶ 78.
The district court recognized that, “[w]ithout question,” IM prisoners “are confined under highly restrictive conditions at Red Onion, including single-cell assignment, limited out-of-cell activity and face-to-face contact with other inmates, and movement outside the cell only in full restraints and with dual escorts.” J.A.399. The court nonetheless concluded that Mr. DePaola’s conditions of confinement do not implicate a liberty interest because, first, “the parties d[id] not present evidence” that “[o]ut-of-cell movement . . . involve[s] a visual strip search,” id.; second, the Step-Down Program “addresses and alleviates the isolating conditions and indefiniteness identified in Wilkinson and Incumaa,” J.A.400; and third, unlike the prisoners in Wilkinson, segregation does not deprive Mr. DePaola of parole consideration, J.A.-401.
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The district court was wrong. Mr. DePaola did offer unrebutted evidence that he is subject to a cavity search each time before leaving his cell. J.A.-273 ¶ 58. Ironically, even the district court recognized that, under Incumaa, conditioning temporary relief from solitary confinement on a highly invasive and dehumanizing cavity search contributes to an “atypical and significant” hardship. J.A.-398; Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 531; accord Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d at 554 & n.15, 562 (“a body of research . . . show[s]” solitary confinement and constant cavity searches “can trigger devastating psychological consequences, including a loss of a sense of self”).
Mr. DePaola’s eight-year solitary confinement is also “extraordinary in its duration.” Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 531. He has not yet spent 20 years in isolation like the inmate in Incumaa, but this difference makes no legal distinction. A period of eight years in solitary confinement itself implicates a protected liberty interest. See Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d at 560 (quoting Shoats v. Horn, 213 F.3d 140, 144 (4th Cir. 2000)) (concluding eight years in solitary confinement is atypical in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life); Aref v. Lynch, 833 F.3d 242, 254 (D.C. Cir. 2016) (“Duration [of confinement] is significant precisely because ‘especially harsh conditions endured for a brief interval and somewhat harsh conditions endured for a prolonged interval might both be atypical.”). “Indeed, other courts of appeals have held that periods of confinement that
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approach or exceed one year may trigger a cognizable liberty interest without any reference to conditions.” Marion v. Columbia Corr. Inst., 559 F.3d 693, 698-99 & n.4 (7th Cir. 2009); see also Trujillo v. Williams, 465 F.3d 1210, 1225 (10th Cir. 2006) (over two years in segregation was “itself . . . atypical and significant”); Colon v. Howard, 215 F.3d 227, 231 (2d Cir. 2000) (solitary confinement for 305 days was “a sufficient departure from the ordinary incidents of prison life to require procedural due process protections”); Covino v. Vt. Dep’t of Corr., 933 F.2d 128, 130 (2d Cir. 1991) (after nine months, the necessity of administrative segregation “begins to pale”); Williams v. Fountain, 77 F.3d 372, 374 n.3 (11th Cir. 1996) (concluding that “the full year of solitary confinement” was atypical and significant).
And, to be sure, Mr. DePaola will surpass Incumaa’s length of solitary confinement of 20 years by a decade unless this Court intervenes.
The district court seemed to recognize that Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement is atypically harsh and indefinite. But concluded that O.P. 830.A[’s] . . . step down procedure addresses and alleviates” these concerns because, through the Step-Down Program, Mr. DePaola “can be evaluated for steps through Level 6, and, eventually, to a general population setting,” (concluding that Mr. DePaola can “make measurable progress to[wards] . . . transfer to general population conditions”). J.A.-400-401.
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But uncontested evidence and Appellees’ own submissions show that IM prisoners are held in solitary confinement for the duration of their sentence. In fact, Appellees’ Answer admits that “IM status prisoners are not eligible for the step-down program.” Compare J.A.-85 ¶ 52, with J.A.-147 ¶ 52; see Lucas, 879 F.2d at 1242 (judicial admissions in pleadings are “binding”); Keller v. United States, 58 F.3d 1194, 1198 n.8 (7th Cir. 1995) (judicial admissions are “conclusive” on appeal); See also J.A.-172 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(F)(6)(a)) (“IM offenders are not currently eligible for Step-Down.”); see supra Statement of the Case, Part I.A (reviewing other uncontested record evidence that solitary confinement of IM prisoners is permanent).
The privileges that prisoners housed in the IM-SL6 Closed Pod receive are only incremental changes from their confinement at levels IM-0 to IM-2 and in no way “ameliorate” solitary confinement. Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 534. J.A.-178 (O.P.830.A. at Appx. F) (comparing IM-2 and IM-SL6 Closed Pod privileges); Wilkerson v. Goodwin, 774 F.3d 845, 855-56 (5th Cir. 2014) (concluding that “some contact visits, telephone privileges, [and] peer counseling” are not “material” in light of inmate’s severe, lengthy, and indefinite solitary confinement). The IM-SL6 Closed Pod is not “the general population” of Virginia’s “prison system” by any valid definition of the term. See Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 533 (quoting Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 225).
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“[C]oncerted effort to change his thinking and behavior” in solitary confinement, as the district court put it, will not help Mr. DePaola reach the general population. J.A.-400. IM prisoners are barred from the Step-Down Program. J.A.-172 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(F)(6)(a)). Thus, Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement is not “only as lengthy and restrictive as dictated by his own effort and behavior,” as the district court believed (J.A.-401)—rather, it is permanent and “limited only by [his] sentence,” Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 214-15.
In any event, the district court’s assumption that a program to reenter the general population can “alleviate” the most oppressive confinement conditions is inconsistent with Incumaa’s result. In Incumaa, the prison actually did employ a program for reducing the inmate’s “behavior level” towards eventual return to the general population. Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 522. That program in no way “alleviated” the inmate’s atypical and significant hardship. See id. at 522, 532 (rejecting similar reasoning by district court that the inmate’s confinement was not “indefinite” where no regulation “guarantee[d] release to the general population” after a period of time).
The district court also concluded that Mr. DePaola’s period in solitary confinement “does not render confinement . . . atypical or significantly harsh[] because general population inmates can expect temporary terms in solitary confinement” such as “thirty days” or “sixth months,” (J.A.-396 (emphasis added)
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(citing Sandin and Beverati). Mr. DePaola has already spent over eight years in permanent isolation—“many multiples of Sandin’s thirty days” or Beverati’s six months.” Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d at 561; see also id. at 562 & n.79 (noting that “duration and deprivations” for prisoners in punitive segregation, like those in Sandin, “is often predetermined and fixed”). The district court’s failure to recognize the difference constitutes error.
Finally, it was undisputed below that Appellees have restricted Mr. DePaola’s eligibility to accrue credit for good behavior (J.A.-275), making his case similar to Wilkinson. See 545 U.S. at 224 (finding liberty interest in part because placement in segregation “disqualifies an otherwise eligible inmate for parole consideration”). The district court was simply wrong that Mr. DePaola “fail[ed] to state facts showing that confinement at Red Onion makes him ineligible to earn good conduct time.” J.A.-401-402. Except for the period from March to October 2014, Appellees did not show that they permitted Mr. DePaola to earn any good behavior credit since entering segregation. J.A.-162-163 ¶¶ 15-16. In any event, as this Court concluded in Incumaa, whether Mr. DePaola is eligible for parole or good time credits “does not undermine the material and substantial similarities” that his solitary confinement bears to Wilkinson. Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 532 (quoting Wilkerson, 774 F.3d at 855)).

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Under Wilkinson and Incumaa, and in light of the uncontested evidence in this case, Mr. DePaola has demonstrated a liberty interest in avoiding his continued solitary confinement.
B. Uncontested Evidence Shows That ICA Reviews Are Constitutionally Meaningless
Because Mr. DePaola’s confinement conditions implicate a liberty interest, the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment required Appellees to conduct periodic meaningful review of whether Mr. DePaola remains a security risk or should be returned to the general population. Had the district court examined VDOC’s own admissions, policies, and the uncontested evidence in this case, it would have concluded that ICA Reviews are meaningless. Red Onion will hold Mr. DePaola in solitary confinement regardless of whether he presents a current or future security risk.
VDOC recognizes that administrative segregation “is not a disciplinary measure,” but serves to protect “the welfare of the offender or the facility.”5 J.A.238 (O.P.861.3 at (IX)(A)(1)); Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 521 (administrative segregation “is used to protect inmates and staff and to maintain prison order”). As the Supreme Court made clear in Hewitt, prisons must provide periodic review of whether continued confinement of an inmate in administrative segregation is still
5 Disciplinary segregation, used as a punishment for violation of prison rules, is limited to 30 days per infraction. J.A.-237 (O.P.861.3 at (VII)(A)(2)).
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justified—i.e., whether he “represents a security threat” or may be returned to the general population. 459 U.S. at 476; see also Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 534 (administrative segregation may not be used as “a pretext for indefinite confinement” (quoting Hewitt, 459 U.S. at 477 n.9)); see also Proctor, 846 F.3d at 609 (same); Isby, 856 F.3d at 518 (same). A genuine dispute of material fact exists as to whether Appellees have or will ever periodically review whether Mr. DePaola can return to the general population.
“The periodic [administrative segregation] review test announced by the Hewitt Court is not whether the confined inmate was at threat to the facility when he was confined initially,” but “whether the inmate ‘remains a security risk’ on the date of the periodic review.” Proctor, 846 F.3d at 611 (emphasis in original (quoting Hewitt, 459 U.S. at 477 n.9)); accord Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 534 (suggesting that administrative segregation imposed “for an insufficient reason” and without regard to an inmate’s disciplinary record while in segregation indicates a violation of procedural due process rights); Hobbs, 662 F.3d 994, 1006-07 (8th Cir. 2011) (administrative segregation review “looks to the present and the future rather than to the past” (quoting Kelly v. Brewer, 525 F.2d 394, 399 (8th Cir. 1975))); see also Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d at 566 (“[P]rocedural protections must be in place to determine if the level of dangerousness justifies the deprivations imposed.”); Kelly, 525 F.2d at 400 (the justification for administrative
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segregation “must continue to subsist during the period of the segregation” because “a reason for administrative segregation of an inmate that is valid today may not necessarily be valid six months or a year in the future”). VDOC “may not use Ad Seg as a charade in the name of prison security to make indefinite punishment for past transgressions.” Proctor, 846 F.3d at 611. And its review of an inmate’s security risk must “be based on facts relating to [the] particular prisoner,” Toevs v. Reid, 685 F.3d 903, 912 (10th Cir. 2012) (quoting Hewitt, 459 U.S. at 477 n.9); accord Kelly, 525 F.2d at 400 (“[A] prison warden may not constitutionally put an inmate in administrative segregation[] involving solitary confinement . . . simply because he . . . desires to punish him for past misconduct”).
When prisons have failed to provide meaningful review of an inmate’s fitness for return to the general population, the courts have consistently found a violation of due process. For example, in the Eighth Circuit’s Kelly, prison officials administratively segregated a prisoner named Parras for three years in solitary confinement after he committed a non-fatal stabbing of a correctional officer. 525 F.2d at 396. The prison never once evaluated whether Parras could again be released to the general population. Id. at 401. It instead asserted that Parras’s stabbing offense conclusively established he was “a fit subject for administrative segregation for a prolonged and indefinite period of time and perhaps for the duration of his term of imprisonment.” Id. The Eighth Circuit
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concluded that, by failing to conduct meaningful periodic review of whether there was “a valid and subsisting reason” for continuing Parras’s solitary confinement and “without giving undue effect to his past conduct and conviction,” the prison violated Parras’s procedural due process rights. Id. at 400, 402.
The Second Circuit reached a similar result this year in Proctor. 846 F.3d 597. Prison officials held an inmate in solitary confinement for “thirteen years . . . with no release date in sight” after he attempted escape. Id. at 610. The prison’s regulations required staff to periodically review “whether the inmate continues to pose a safety threat to the facility,” but several deposed prison officials admitted that, in “practice,” the inmate “who once posed an escape risk would never be appropriate release from Ad Seg.” Id. at 602, 612. Despite the fact that the inmate had a number of “minimal” disciplinary infractions, because the prison’s administrative segregation reviews appeared preordained and designed to mask his indefinite solitary confinement, the inmate demonstrated a genuine dispute of material fact regarding whether the prison provided him meaningful review. Id. at 615; see also Isby, 856 F.3d at 526-28 (reversing summary judgment because it was “unclear” whether the provided basis of solitary confinement “occurred in the distant or recent past as opposed to currently affecting [the prisoner’s] readiness to return to the general prison population”); Hobbs, 662 F.3d at 997-1009.
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Here, the uncontested evidence shows that Appellees not only failed to provide Mr. DePaola with meaningful periodic review in “practice,” but also as a matter of policy. Appellees classified Mr. DePaola as an IM prisoner on the basis of his 2009 stabbing offense. (J.A.-160 ¶ 7) (DePaola “is classified as IM because his convictions demonstrate that he has the potential for extreme and/or deadly violence”); (J.A.-387) (DePaola “was assigned to the IM pathway based on the serious nature of his assault on the officer in 2009”); see also J.A.-279 ¶ 114; 357 (DePaola assigned to IM pathway, after enactment of O.P. 830.A, due to the “serious nature of [his] charge”). Appellees permanently and categorically bar IM prisoners from rejoining the general population; the ICA Reviews they receive only consider changes in “privilege level,” not transfer to the general population. J.A.-169 (O.P.830.A at (IV)(D)(1)). Thus, Appellees in effect will hold Mr. DePaola in solitary confinement solely because of his “past transgressions” and will never consider returning him to the general population—even if he becomes “the most compliant inmate” in Red Onion Prison. Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d at 562; see also Hobbs, 662 F.3d at 1008 (prison officials admitted that inmate would always remain in solitary confinement, even if he proved to be a “model prisoner”).
“The decision whether a prisoner remains a security risk [must] be based on facts relating to a particular prisoner,” and Mr. DePaola’s disciplinary record in
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segregation—not his IM label—is the most relevant “then-available evidence” of his suitability for return to the general population. Hewitt, 459 U.S. at 476 & 477 n.9. On the whole, Mr. DePaola’s behavior in segregation has been remarkably positive, and none of his disciplinary reports indicates that he still possess a capacity for violence.
Yet, Appellees do not even consider Mr. DePaola’s behavior in his so-called “periodic reviews.” As a matter of policy, Appellees dismiss “more than a year of compliant, polite, and cooperative behavior and attitude” from IM prisoners as irrelevant to judging whether they still possess a “potential for extreme and deadly violence.” J.A.-166-167 (O.P.830.A at III); see also A-14 (“Compliant” prisoners are still held in IM-SL6 Closed Pod). Indeed, Mr. DePaola’s Offender Timeline confirms that Appellees intend to keep him in administrative segregation until his release, regardless of whether he remains “infraction free” at all times. J.A.-375. Appellees apparently believe that Mr. DePaola’s past administrative segregation is the only justification they need to hold him in administrative segregation for another 23 years. Indeed, Appellees own policy makes clear that prisoners are kept in segregation based on their past behavior. See Attach. to Mot. for Leave to File at 41, June 23, 2017, ECF No. 25 (citing past behavior as a predictor of future behavior). When other prisons have likewise attempted to ignore years of cooperative behavior by an inmate in segregation, the courts have invariably held
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that this practice violates procedural due process. See, e.g., Proctor, 846 F.3d at 606 (asserting that inmate’s years-old escape attempt was a “stand-alone justification for continuing his Ad Seg”); Hobbs, 662 F.3d at 1003 (asserting that an inmate “once a threat to security is always a threat to security”).
A genuine dispute of material fact exists as to whether Mr. DePaola has received any meaningful periodic review during his eight years and counting of solitary confinement and whether he will receive any meaningful periodic review going forward. This Court should therefore reverse summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s procedural due process claim. III. GENUINE DISPUTES OF MATERIAL FACT EXIST ON MR.
DEPAOLA’S EIGHTH AMENDMENT CLAIMS To establish an Eighth Amendment violation based on conditions of confinement, a prisoner, such as Mr. DePaola, must show that the deprivation claimed is both “sufficiently serious” and was inflicted with “deliberate indifference.” Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994). A condition of confinement is sufficiently serious where there is “evidence of a serious or significant physical or emotional injury resulting from the challenged conditions.” Strickler v. Waters, 989 F.2d 1375, 1381 (4th Cir. 1993)6; see also Scher v. Engelke, 943 F.2d 921, 924 (8th Cir. 1991) (“the scope of eighth amendment
6 In Strickler, this Court reconciled the divergent standards of Shrader and Lopez. See Strickler, 989 F.2d at 1380 n.5.
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protection is broader than the mere infliction of physical pain . . . evidence of fear, mental anguish and misery” can suffice). Further, the harms need not have occurred; a risk of future harm can satisfy the requirement. See Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 32-35 (1993) (holding that unreasonable risk of serious damage to future health states a cause of action under the Eighth Amendment).
The subjective hurdle to a conditions-of-confinement claim requires a showing that the prison officials acted with deliberate indifference. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834. To make this showing, a prisoner must demonstrate the prison “official knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety.” Id. at 837. Where the risk is obvious, a factfinder may conclude the prison official knew of the risk. Id. at 842.
Mr. DePaola has established a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the conditions of his lengthy solitary confinement have inflicted or will inflict serious injury and that Appellees are deliberately indifferent to these harms.
A. Mr. DePaola’s Conditions of Confinement Are “Sufficiently Serious” To Establish An Eighth Amendment Violation 1. Mr. DePaola’s Lengthy Solitary Confinement Is Itself “Sufficiently Serious” Because Of The Substantial Risk of Harm It Creates
As far back as 1890, the Supreme Court has recognized the pernicious effects of solitary confinement on prisoners. See In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160, 168 (1890) (stating that prisoners after a month of solitary confinement fell into a
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“semi-fatuous condition,” “became violently insane,” “committed suicide,” and others “did not recover sufficient mental activity to be of any subsequent service to the community.”). In In re Medley, the Supreme Court granted a habeas writ and released from prison a convicted murder sentenced to death rather than subject him to one month of solitary confinement. See id. at 175. Here, Mr. DePaola has already served eight years in solitary confinement. J.A.-92 ¶¶ 81-82]. And, his solitary confinement will continue until his scheduled release in September 6, 2040. J.A.-375. Thirty-one years in solitary confinement creates a “sufficiently serious” claim to establish an Eighth Amendment violation. To survive summary judgment, Mr. DePaola needed only to establish a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether his Eighth Amendment claim meets the “sufficiently serious” standard. He has done so.
A lengthy period of solitary confinement, like Mr. DePaola’s, works a deprivation of a basic human need because it inflicts serious physical and emotional injury. See Strickler, 989 F.2d at 1381. As the Third Circuit recently recognized, the strong consensus in the scientific literature “compels an unmistakable conclusion: this experience is psychologically painful, can be traumatic and harmful and puts many of those who have been subjected to it at risk of long-term . . . damage.” Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 at 566 (quoting Craig Haney & Mona Lynch, Regulating Prisons of the Future: A Psychological
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Analysis of Supermax and Solitary Confinement, 23 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 477, 500 (1997)); see also Morris v. Travisono, 499 F. Supp. 149, 160 (D.R.I. 1980) (“Even if a person is confined to an air conditioned suite at the Waldorf Astoria, denial of meaningful human contact for such an extended period may very well cause severe psychological injury.”); Craig Haney, Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and “Supermax” Confinement, 49 Crime & Delinquency 124, 131-132 (2003) (“[M]any of the negative effects of solitary confinement are analogous to the acute reactions suffered by torture and trauma victims, including post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD and the kind of psychiatric sequelae that plague victims of what are called ‘deprivation and constraint’ torture techniques.’” (internal citations omitted)).
In his concurrence in Davis v. Ayala, Justice Kennedy emphasized that the “the penal system has a solitary confinement regime that will bring you to the edge of madness, perhaps to madness itself.” 135 S. Ct. 2187, 2209 (2015) (Kennedy, J., concurring). Justice Breyer also recently noted harms caused by solitary confinement. See Glossip v. Gross, 135 S. Ct. 2726, 2765 (2015) (Breyer, J., dissenting) (observing that “it is well documented that . . . prolonged solitary confinement produces numerous deleterious harms”). Moreover, this past April, Judge Jones noted that the impacts of solitary can be similar to torture. See Latson v. Clarke, No. 1:16-cv-00039, 2017 WL 1407570, at *3 (W.D. Va. April 20, 2017)
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(“Research has shown that the impacts of solitary confinement can be similar to those of torture and can include a variety of negative physiological and psychological reactions.”).
The United Nations’ recent resolution fully supports these views. Under Rule 43 of the U.N.’s Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (known as the Mandela Rules), prohibits both indefinite and prolonged solitary confinement as “restrictions or disciplinary sanctions amount[ing] to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Mandela Rules), U.N. Econ. & Soc. Comm. on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, 24th Sess., U.N. Doc. E/CN.15/2015/L.6/Rev.1 (May 21, 2015). The Mandela Rules define solitary confinement as “22 hours or more a day without meaningful human contact” and define prolonged solitary confinement as a “time period in excess of 15 days.” Id. at Rule 44. The conditions of confinement Mr. DePaola has lived in for the past eight years and will continue to live in for the next 23 years violate the U.N.’s Mandela Rules. While not controlling, U.N.’s ban on solitary confinement for periods longer than 15 days is instructive. See Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005) (“[A]t least from the time of the Court’s decision in Trop, the Court has referred to the laws of other countries and to international authorities as instructive

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for its interpretation of the Eighth Amendment prohibition of ‘cruel and unusual punishments.’” (citing Trop v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 86, 102-103 (1958))).
The scientific community also uniformly concludes that solitary confinement creates an unreasonable risk of harm to prisoners. See, e.g., Hernán Reyes, The worst scars are in the mind: psychological torture, 89 Int’l Rev. of the Red Cross, No. 867, 591, 607 (Sept. 2007) (“Being confined for prolonged periods of time alone in a cell has been said to be the most difficult torment of all to withstand.”). Indeed, “[n]early every scientific inquiry into the effects of solitary confinement over the past 150 years has concluded that subjecting an individual to more than 10 days of involuntary segregation results in a distinct set of emotional, cognitive, social, and physical pathologies.” Kenneth Appelbaum, Am. Psychiatry Should Join the Call to Abolish Solitary Confinement, 43 J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry & L. 406, 410 (2015); see also Haney, 49 Crime & Delinquency at 130 (“Empirical research on solitary and supermax-like confinement has consistently and unequivocally documented the harmful consequences of living in these kinds of environments.”); Thomas L. Hafemeister & Jeff George, The Ninth Circle of Hell: An Eighth Amendment Analysis of Imposing Prolonged Supermax Solitary Confinement on Inmates with Mental Illness, 90 Denv. U.L. Rev. 1, 35 (2012) (“[S]ystematic research spanning multiple continents over more than a century is

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virtually unanimous in its conclusion: prolonged supermax solitary confinement can and does lead to significant psychological harm.”).
In opposing summary judgment below, Mr. DePaola submitted numerous exhibits demonstrating that solitary confinement inflicts serious physical and emotional injuries on prisoners. See, e.g., J.A.-313; 317; 325; 328; 330. For example, Patrick Hope’s statement to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee speaks directly to the conditions of Red Onion and the effects on its prisoners in solitary for several years or more. J.A.-314. Mr. Hope notes the need for normal human contact and the detrimental effects solitary confinement imposes on prisoners with and without mental illness. J.A.-315.
Further, the numerous specific harms Mr. DePaola identifies are consistent with the overwhelming scientific research regarding the effects of long-term solitary confinement. Cf. Stuart Grassian, Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement, 22 Wash. U. J.L. Pol’y 325, 335-36 (2006) (identifying psychiatric effects to include: hyperresponsivity to external stimuli; panic attacks; difficulties with thinking, concentration, and memory; intrusive obsessional thoughts; overt paranoia; problems with impulse control); Haney, 49 Crime & Delinquency at 130131 (identifying effects of solitary, including: “appetite and sleep disturbances,” “anxiety,” “panic,” “rage,” “loss of control,” “paranoia,” “hallucinations,” “selfmutilations,” “insomnia,” “hypersensitivity,” “cognitive dysfunction,” “lethargy,”
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“depression,” and “suicidal ideation and behavior”) (collecting studies showing same). In his Amended Complaint, Mr. DePaola provides testimony that his extensive solitary confinement has caused or contributed to mental illness, anguish, mental deterioration, night terrors, lack of social interactions, anxiety, headaches, loss of sleep, akathisia, physical deterioration, loss of weight, and deterioration of eyesight. J.A.-94 ¶ 93.
Dr. Craig Haney’s study of prisoners housed in solitary confinement at Pelican Bay found that a majority of the prisoners exhibited symptoms of psychological and emotional trauma, including: anxiety, headaches, lethargy, loss of appetite, nightmares, and impending nervous breakdown. Haney, 49 Crime & Delinquency at 133 Table 1. That study further found a large percentage of the prisoners exhibited psychopathological effects including: ruminations, irrational anger, oversensitivity to stimuli, confused thought process, social withdrawal, chronic depression, emotional flatness, mood swings, overall deterioration, talking to self, and violent fantasies. Id. at 134 Table 2. And, “sizable minorities” of the prisoners had “symptoms typically only associated with more extreme forms of psychopathology—hallucinations, perceptual distortions, and thoughts of suicide.” Id. at 134. Dr. Haney’s description of the environment of solitary confinement that brings about these psychological harms are markedly similar to those in which Mr.

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DePaola has lived these last eight years. Compare Statement of the Case, Section I.A., supra, with Haney, 49 Crime & Delinquency at 126-127.
Here, the extraordinary length of Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement also strongly supports a finding that an Eighth Amendment violation exists. See Dixon v. Godinez, 114 F.3d 640, 643 (7th Cir. 1997) (“A condition which might not ordinarily violate the Eighth Amendment may nonetheless do so if it persists over an extended period of time.”); Davis, 135 S. Ct. at 2210 (Kennedy J. concurring) (“Years on end of near-total isolation exact a terrible price.”); see also Jules Lobel, Prolonged Solitary Confinement and the Constitution, 11 U. Pa. J. Const. L. 115, 118 (2008) (“No study of the effects of solitary or supermax-like confinement that lasted longer than 60 days failed to find evidence of negative psychological effects.”).
Mr. DePaola has already served eight years in solitary confinement. Under O.P. 830.A, Mr. DePaola will be in solitary confinement another 23 years—the full remaining length of his sentence. By contrast, the United Nations recommends limiting prolonged solitary confinement to 15 days “because at that point . . . some of the harmful psychological effects of isolation can become irreversible.” U.N. Interim Report Of The Special Rapporteur Of The Human Rights Council On Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment, at 9, U.N. Doc. A/66/268 (Aug. 5, 2011).
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Even if the harms Mr. DePaola has suffered to date somehow do not establish serious physical and emotional injury today, the scientific evidence demonstrates that such a long period of solitary confinement poses an unreasonable risk of serious damage to his future health. See, e.g., Haney, 49 Crime & Delinquency at 132 (“[T]here is not a single published study of solitary or supermax-like confinement in which nonvoluntary confinement lasting longer than 10 days, where participants were unable to terminate their isolation at will, that failed to result in negative psychological effects.”). Consequently, Mr. DePaola need not wait until additional harms come to fruition to establish an Eighth Amendment claim. See Helling, 509 U.S. at 33 (“We have great difficulty agreeing that prison authorities . . . may ignore a condition of confinement that is sure or very likely to cause serious illness and needless suffering the next week or month or year.”). The widespread efforts of the U.S. prison systems to reform their use of solitary confinement, and the ban of solitary confinement by both the U.N. and a number countries, show that the harms solitary inflicts “violate[] contemporary standards of decency.” Id. at 36.
Combined, the conditions of Mr. DePaola’s confinement, the physical and emotional harms he has already suffered, the likelihood of future harm, and the extraordinary length of his solitary confinement create a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether Appellees committed an Eighth Amendment violation.
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See Mitchell v. Rice, 954 F.2d 187, 191 (4th Cir. 1992) (“This Court has repeatedly stated that when reviewing Eighth Amendment claims, courts must consider the totality of the circumstances.”).
2. Constant Light and Noise Deprive Mr. DePaola of the Basic Human Need for Sleep
Mr. DePaola’s sworn testimony regarding the constant light and noise he endures on a daily basis, depriving him of the basic human need for sleep, creates separate disputes of material facts making summary judgment on his Eighth Amendment claims improper. See Harper v. Showers, 174 F.3d 716, 720 (5th Cir. 1999) (“[S]leep undoubtedly counts as one of life’s basic needs. Conditions designed to prevent sleep, then, might violate the Eighth Amendment.”). Mr. DePaola has provided sworn testimony that “[a] bright light stays on inside the cells at all times 24/7” and that “[p]risoners are constantly bombarded w/ the noises of guard slamming doors &/or tray slots, prisoners screaming, beating on doors, walls, etc.” J.A.-273-274 ¶ 64, 65. And, he further asserts he suffers from “night terrors” and “loss of sleep” as a result. J.A.-94 ¶ 93.
Addressing nearly identical prisoner allegations, the Ninth Circuit concluded that such allegations—even when contested by contrary evidence from defendants—created “a disputed issue of material fact not subject to summary judgment.” See Keenan v. Hall, 83 F.3d 1083, 1090-91 (9th Cir. 1996). Here, Appellees have presented no facts contesting Mr. DePaola’s testimony regarding
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the constant light and noise. Thus, summary judgment was improper as to Mr. DePaola’s claim that the constant light and noise he experiences violate the Eighth Amendment.
3. Mr. DePaola’s Allegations of Mental Illness Create a Separate “Sufficiently Serious” Condition
Prisoners with mental illness are at particular risk when placed in solitary confinement. See, e.g., Latson, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS at *8 (noting that the effects of solitary confinement “are amplified in individuals with mental illness and can exacerbate underlying conditions”); Madrid v. Gomez, 889 F. Supp. 1146, 1265 (N.D. Cal. 1995) (observing that placing a mentally ill prisoner in solitary “is the mental equivalent of putting an asthmatic in a place with little air to breathe.”); Metzner & Fellner, Solitary Confinement and Mental Illness in U.S. Prisons: A Challenge for Medical Ethics, 38 J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law 104, 104 (2010) (“The adverse effects of solitary confinement are especially significant for persons with serious mental illness . . . .”). Mr. DePaola provided sworn testimony that he suffers from mental illness. J.A.-94 ¶ 93. Appellees have provided no evidence to challenge Mr. DePaola’s assertions that he suffers from mental illness. On this record, a genuine dispute of material fact exists as to whether Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement violates the Eighth Amendment as a result of his mental illness. See Madrid, 889 F. Supp. at 1265-66 (“Such inmates are not required to endure the horrific suffering of a serious mental illness or major exacerbation of an
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existing mental illness before obtaining relief.” (citing Helling, 509 U.S. at 3135)).
B. Genuine Disputes Of Material Fact Exist As To Whether Appellees Acted with “Deliberate Indifference”
Discovery has not yet occurred. So, a subjective analysis into Appellees’ knowledge of the risks created by Mr. DePaola’s conditions of confinement is not possible at this time. Absent depositions, interrogatories, and other discovery requests, Mr. DePaola cannot hope to penetrate the minds of Appellees. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 842 (“knowledge of a substantial risk is a question of fact”).
Regardless, a genuine dispute of material fact exists as to whether Appellees acted with “deliberate indifference” because the excessive risk of harm created by the conditions of Mr. DePaola’s confinement are obvious. See id. (“[A] factfinder may conclude that a prison official knew of a substantial risk from the very fact that the risk was obvious.”). That subjecting a prisoner to solitary confinement— whereby they are stripped of almost all human contact and confined to a small space 23 hours a day and continuing those conditions for years—creates a substantial risk of serious harm would be obvious to any lay person. To a prison official, the conclusion is inescapable.
In fact, the American Correctional Association (ACA) and the Association of State Correctional Administrators (ASCA) recently passed reform principles on restrictive housing in light of the challenges they pose. See Am. Corr. Assoc.,
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Committee on Standards, August 2016; Assoc. of State Corr. Adm’rs, Guiding Principles for Restrictive Housing, http://www.asca.net/pdfdocs/9.pdf.7 The President-elect of the ACA, Gary Mohr, in advocating for reforms to U.S. prisons’ use of solitary confinement explained that “we believe lengthy stays manufacture or increase mental illness.” See Gary C. Mohr and Rick Raemisch, Restrictive Housing: Taking the Lead, Corrections Today (2015), available at http://www.asca.net/pdfdocs/6.pdf.
In the light of the recent efforts to reform the use of solitary confinement in the United States, the overwhelming scientific literature explaining the harms such confinement causes, and the repeated observations in the caselaw of the substantial harms caused by solitary confinement, a genuine dispute of material fact exists as to whether the serious risk to Mr. DePaola’s health and safety is obvious. Thus, summary judgment on Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment claims was improper.
C. The Permanence Of Mr. DePaola’s Confinement Serves No Valid Penological Purpose
Separately, the Eighth Amendment can be violated when a prisoner endures a sanction imposed without penological justification that results in gratuitous infliction of suffering. See Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 183 (1976). A prison’s valid penological interest in confining an inmate to administrative
7 It is worth noting that Appellee Harold Clarke has in recent years served as president of both the ACA and ASCA. See About Us, Va. Dep’t of Corr., https://vadoc.virginia.gov/about/hclarke.shtm (last visited June 23, 2017).
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segregation “continues only so long as the inmate continues to pose a safety or security risk.” Isby v. Brown, 856 F.3d 508, 526 (7th Cir. 2017) (citing Mims v. Shapp, 744 F.2d 946, 953 (3d Cir. 1984) (“The validity of the government’s interest in prison safety and security as a basis for [administrative segregation] of an inmate subsists only as long as the inmate continues to pose a safety or security risk.”)); see also Proctor, 846 F.3d at 611 (administrative segregation “must be based on ‘valid’ justifications (such as institutional safety and escape prevention) that . . . ‘continue to subsist during the period of segregation’” (quoting Kelly, 525 F.2d at 400)); Incumaa, 791 F.3d at 534 (administrative segregation may not be imposed “for an insufficient reason” where unwarranted by an inmate’s disciplinary record in segregation (quoting Wilkinson, 545 U.S. at 226)); J.A.-238 (O.P.861.3 at (IX)(A)(1)) (stating that administrative segregation “is not a disciplinary measure but a means of custodial or protective control” for “the welfare of the offender or the facility, or both.”).
“Cutting an individual off from all meaningful human contact after the reasons for such segregation no longer exist offends in a fundamental way contemporary standards of decency.” Morris v. Travisono, 549 F. Supp. 291, 295 (D.R.I. 1982) (concluding that confining a prisoner to solitary for eight-and-a-half years was without penological justification and thus violated the Eighth Amendment). As discussed in more detail in Argument Section II, supra, the
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reasoning for Mr. DePaola’s lengthy solitary confinement is not based on a need to prevent present or future harm to Mr. DePaola or others in the prison.
Instead, Mr. DePaola’s indefinite solitary confinement appears to be a product of Red Onion’s O.P.830.A, which provides no mechanism for an inmate to ever regain a position in the general prison population once he has been branded with IM status. Mr. DePaola’s continuation in IM status and consequently solitary confinement is based on a closed procedural loop. Once entered, no IM prisoner can exit, regardless of whether he bears a security risk. Because Mr. DePaola’s IM status is divorced from consideration of whether he bears a continuing security risk, his solitary confinement is without penological justification and thus violates the Eighth Amendment. See Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460, 478 n.9 (1983) (“[A]dministrative segregation may not be used as a pretext for indefinite confinement” instead continuing confinement turns on “whether a prisoner remains a security risk . . . based on facts relating to a particular prisoner.”).
And, Appellees made no attempt in their summary judgment motion to argue that that permanently removing Mr. DePaola from the general prison population serves any valid penological purpose. They do not argue that Mr. DePaola is a current or future security risk. Further, there is a growing belief in the U.S. corrections system that the type of solitary confinement Mr. DePaola endures does not create a safer prison environment. See, e.g., Gary C. Mohr and Rick Raemisch,
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Restrictive Housing: Taking the Lead, Corrections Today (2015) (“First, it is our belief that those lengthy periods of 23 hours per day in confinement multiplies a problem, not solves it.”), available at http://www.asca.net/pdfdocs/6.pdf. Thus, a genuine dispute of material fact exists as to whether Appellees currently have a valid penological interest in holding Mr. DePaola in solitary confinement, let alone for a total of 31 years until his release.
D. Fourth Circuit Precedent Does Not Preclude Mr. DePaola’s Eighth Amendment Claims
This Court’s precedent does not prevent a conclusion that Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement for the past eight years and the next twenty-three years violate the Eight Amendment. Cf. Mickle v. Moore, 174 F.3d. 464 (4th Cir. 1999). In Moore, the Court made clear that the prisoners there had not shown that the conditions in administrative segregation “work a serious deprivation of a basic human need.” Id. at 471-472 (citing Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347 (1981)). As demonstrated above, the evidence here creates genuine disputes of material fact that Mr. DePaola’s solitary confinement creates unreasonable risks to his health and safety.
In any event, this Court’s interpretation of the Eighth Amendment should and must evolve with the changing scientific understanding of the devastating effects on a prisoner’s mind and body long-term solitary confinement imposes. See Rhodes v. Chapman 452 U.S. 337, 346 (1981) (“No static ‘test’ can exist by
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which courts determine whether conditions of confinement are cruel and unusual, for the Eighth Amendment ‘must draw its meaning from the evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society’” (quoting Trop, 356 U.S. at 101)); Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 171 (1976) (“Thus the Clause forbidding ‘cruel and unusual’ punishments ‘is not fastened to the obsolete but may acquire meaning as public opinion becomes enlightened by humane justice.’”). In 2017, medical science and social constructs are in agreement that long-term segregation inflicts serious physical and emotional injuries. And, Appellees have presented no valid penological purpose for Mr. DePaola’s lengthy and indefinite solitary confinement. Under these facts, there can be no question that genuine disputes of material facts exist as to whether an Eighth Amendment violation has occurred.
* * * This appeal presents an opportunity to explain a rule of law within this Circuit and involves legal issues of continuing public interest. Thus, Mr. DePaola respectfully requests oral argument.

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CONCLUSION For the above reasons, Mr. DePaola respectfully asks this Court to reverse the district court’s grant of summary judgment and remand for further proceedings.

June 23, 2017

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Maxwell J. Hyman Daniel Levin Andrew L. Black Maxwell J. Hyman Luca Winer Alexaida Collet
701 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 626-3600 Counsel for Plaintiff-Appellant

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH TYPE-VOLUME LIMITATION, TYPEFACE REQUIREMENTS, AND TYPE STYLE REQUIREMENTS
1. This brief complies with the type-volume limitation of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(7)(B) because this brief contains 12,998 words, excluding the parts of the brief exempted by Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(7)(B)(iii).
2. This brief complies with the typeface requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(5) and the type style requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(6) because this brief has been prepared in a proportionally spaced typeface using Microsoft Word in 14 point Times New Roman font.

June 23, 2017

/s/ Maxwell J. Hyman Maxwell J. Hyman

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on the 23rd day of June 2017, I caused the foregoing Opening Brief for Plaintiff-Appellant to be filed with the Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system, which will then send a notification of such filing to the following:
Trevor S. Cox Matthew R. McGuire Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Div. 202 N. Ninth Street Richmond, VA 23219
/s/ Maxwell J. Hyman Maxwell J. Hyman

 
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NO. 16-7358
In The United States Court Of Appeals For The Fourth Circuit
ERIC JOSEPH DEPAOLA, Plaintiff-Appellant,
DENIS RIVERA; LUIS VELAZQUEZ, Plaintiffs, v.
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL., Defendants-Appellees,
EXTERNAL REVIEW TEAM, ET AL., Defendants.
ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, HON. JAMES P. JONES,
Case No. 7:14-cv-00692
BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE PROFESSORS AND PRACTITIONERS OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND MEDICINE IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
Matthew D. Slater Alexis L. Collins Phillip L. Hurst Gypsy M. Moore CLEARY GOTTLIEB STEEN & HAMILTON LLP 2000 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: (202) 974-1500
Counsel for Amici Curiae

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF IDENTITY, INTEREST, PARTICIPATION, AND AUTHORITY TO FILE......................................................................................... 1
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ............................................................................. 6
ARGUMENT......................................................................................................... 8
I. Prolonged Solitary Confinement Causes Grave Psychological and Physical Harms .......................................................................................................... 8
A. The Hallmark of Solitary Confinement Is Social Isolation and Restricted Environmental Stimulation................................................ 9
B. Meaningful Social Interaction and Adequate Environmental Stimuli Are Basic Human Needs ...................................................................13
C. Prolonged Solitary Confinement Consistently Causes Severe Mental and Physical Harm in Prisoners.........................................................17
II. Solitary Confinement Imposes Atypical and Significant Hardship on Prisoners .....................................................................................................24
A. The Harmful Effects of Solitary Confinement Are Distinct and Severe Compared to the Effects of Imprisonment Among the General Prison Population .........................................................................................24
B. Solitary Confinement Can Cause Permanent Behavioral Changes that Inhibit Reintegration into the General Prison Population and Society Upon Release ....................................................................................29
CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................31

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Cases

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Davis v. Ayala, 135 S. Ct. 2187 (2015) (Kennedy, J., concurring) ........................................9, 24

In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160 (1890).........................................................................................21

Incumaa v. Stirling, 791 F.3d 517 (4th Cir. 2015)............................................................................11

Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209 (2005)...........................................................................................9

Williams v. Secretary Pennsylvania Department of Corrections, 848 F.3d 549 (3d Cir. 2017).......................................................................11, 22

Other Authorities
Amnesty International, Entombed: Isolation in the US Federal Prison System (July 2014), http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/amr510402014en.pdf ...............23

Atul Gawande, Hellhole, New Yorker (Mar. 30, 2009), http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/03/30/hellhole ......................passim

Craig Haney & Mona Lynch, Regulating Prisons of the Future: A Psychological Analysis of Supermax and Solitary Confinement, 23 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 477 (1997) .................................................................................................................. passim

Craig Haney, Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and “Supermax” Confinement, 49 Crime & Delinq. 124 (2003) ..........................................passim

David H. Cloud et al., Public Health and Solitary Confinement in the United States, 105 Am. J. Pub. Health 18 (2015).........................................................24

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Elizabeth Bennion, Banning the Bing: Why Extreme Solitary Confinement is Cruel and Far Too Usual Punishment, 90 Ind. L. J. 741 (2015)................passim
G.D. Scott & Paul Gendreau, Psychiatric Implications of Sensory Deprivation in a Maximum Security Prison, 14 Can. Psychol. Ass’n J. 337 (1969) .......................................................................................................14
Homer Venters et al., Solitary Confinement and Risk of Self-Harm Among Jail Inmates, 104 Am. J. Pub. Health 442 (2014) .............................................27
John E. Deaton et al., Coping Activities in Solitary Confinement of U.S. Navy POWs in Vietnam, 7 J. Applied Soc. Psychol. 239 (1977).......................16
Juan E. Méndez (Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council), Interim Report on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, U.N. Doc A/66/268 (Aug. 5, 2011)..........................................9, 17
Letter from Thomas E. Perez, Assistant Att’y Gen., U.S. Dep’t of Justice, to Hon. Tom Corbett, Governor of Pa. (May 31, 2013)..........................................9
Maureen L. O’Keefe et al., One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation, Nat’l Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Dep’t of Justice (2010)............... 22-23
Nicholas Turner & Jeremy Travis, What We Learned from German Prisons, N.Y. Times (Aug. 6, 2015), https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/07/opinion/what-we-learned-fromgerman-prisons.html ........................................................................................22
Peter Scharff Smith, The Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prison Inmates: A Brief History and Review of the Literature, 34 Crime & Just. 441 (2006) .......................................................................................................passim
Reassessing Solitary Confinement: The Human Rights, Fiscal, and Public Safety Consequences: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Rights of the S. Comm. on the Judiciary, 112th Cong. 72 (2012) .........................................................................................10, 30
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Redacted Expert Report of Craig Haney, Ashker v. Brown, No. 4:09 CV 05796 CW (N.D. Cal. 2015), https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/07/Redacted_Haney% 20Expert%20Report.pdf ...........................................................................passim
Richard Kozar, John McCain (Overcoming Adversity) (2001) ................................8
Robert Morgan et al., Quantitative Syntheses of the Effects of Administrative Segregation on Inmates’ Well-Being, 22 Psychol. Pub. Pol’y & L. 439 (2016) ........................................................................................................ 22-23
Sarah Shourd, Tortured by Solitude, N.Y. Times (Nov. 5, 2011), http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/opinion/sunday/in-an-iranianprison-tortured-by-solitude.html ................................................................16, 20
Stuart Grassian & Terry Kupers, The Colorado Study vs. The Reality of Supermax Confinement, Correctional Mental Health Rep. (May/June 2011) .........................................................................................................23, 26
Stuart Grassian, Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement, 22 Wash. U. J. L. & Pol’y 325 (2006)...............................................................................passim
Stuart Grassian, Psychopathological Effects of Solitary Confinement, 140 Am. J. Psychiatry 1450 (1983)................................................................... 18-19
Terry A. Kupers, Isolated Confinement: Effective Method for Behavior Change or Punishment for Punishment’s Sake?, in The Routledge Handbook for Int’l Crime & Just. Studies 213 (Bruce A. Arrigo & Heather Y. Bersot eds., 2014) ...................................................................passim
Thomas L. Hafemeister & Jeff George, The Ninth Circle of Hell: An Eighth Amendment Analysis of Imposing Prolonged Supermax Solitary Confinement on Inmates with a Mental Illness, 90 Denv. U. L. Rev. 1 (2012) .............................................................................................12, 14, 27-28
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Prisons and Health (2014) ..............................................................................................................17
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STATEMENT OF IDENTITY, INTEREST, PARTICIPATION, AND AUTHORITY TO FILE
Amici Curiae are experts in psychology, psychiatry, medicine, and other related fields who have spent decades studying solitary confinement and its psychological and physiological effects on prisoners.1 Based on their research and assessment of the professional literature, Amici have concluded that prolonged solitary confinement deprives prisoners of two basic human needs—social contact and adequate environmental stimulation—which causes grave damage to their mental and physical health.
Amici are committed to understanding and addressing the effects of solitary confinement on human health and welfare. Accordingly, Amici respectfully submit this brief in support of Plaintiff-Appellant Eric DePaola, who faces ongoing prolonged detention in solitary confinement, to provide this Court with a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and the overwhelming evidence establishing that prolonged solitary confinement deprives prisoners of basic human needs and exposes them to atypical and severe psychological and physiological harms.
1 The parties have consented to the filing of the brief pursuant to Rule 29(a)(2) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 29(a)(4)(e), counsel for Amici states that no counsel for a party authored this brief in whole or in part, and no person other than Amici or their counsel made a monetary contribution to its preparation or submission.
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Amici are the following: 1. Scott Allen, M.D., is Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of California, Riverside. He co-founded and co-directs the Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights and was the State Medical Director for the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. 2. Stanley L. Brodsky, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at The University of Alabama. He has worked as Chief of Psychology in the U.S. Disciplinary Barracks at Fort Leavenworth and has assessed many prisoners held in solitary confinement. 3. The Coalition for an Ethical Psychology is a group of psychologists dedicated to the ethical independence of psychologists working in government-supported institutions, including those institutions that use solitary confinement. 4. Karen B. Froming, Ph.D., is Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco. She has extensive experience evaluating individuals who have been subjected to severe prison conditions. 5. Carl Fulwiler, M.D., Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. He specializes in diagnosing and treating mental illness in inmates and has evaluated hundreds of inmates in solitary confinement.
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6. Stuart Grassian, M.D., is a psychiatrist who taught at Harvard Medical School for almost thirty years. He has evaluated hundreds of prisoners in solitary confinement and published numerous articles on the psychiatric effects of solitary confinement.
7. Craig W. Haney, Ph.D., J.D., is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He has done extensive research and published numerous articles on the psychological effects of solitary confinement and has provided expert testimony on the topic, including before the U.S. Senate.
8. Terry A. Kupers, M.D., M.S.P., a Distinguished Life Fellow of The American Psychiatric Association, is Professor Emeritus at The Wright Institute. He has provided expert testimony in several lawsuits about prison conditions and published books and articles on related subjects.
9. Mona Lynch, Ph.D., is Professor of Criminology, Law & Society and of Law at the University of California, Irvine. She has published scholarship on the history and effects of solitary confinement and other forms of punishment in numerous journal articles and books.
10. Shane O’Mara, D.Phil., is Professor of Experimental Brain Research at Trinity College, Dublin. He has published a book on the neuroscience of torture and interrogation and over one hundred peer-reviewed papers on related topics.

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11. Katherine A. Porterfield, Ph.D., is Clinical Instructor in the Department of Psychiatry at the N.Y.U. School of Medicine. She specializes in working with victims of torture.
12. Keramet Reiter, Ph.D., J.D., is Assistant Professor of Criminology, Law & Society and of Law at the University of California, Irvine. She has published numerous papers and books on the history and effects of long-term solitary confinement in the United States and internationally.
13. Peter Scharff Smith, Ph.D., is Professor in the Department of Criminology and Sociology of Law at the University of Oslo. He has published numerous articles on the effects of solitary confinement and its historical use.
14. Pablo Stewart, M.D., is Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco. He has worked in the criminal justice system for decades and as a court-appointed expert on the effects of solitary confinement for over twenty-five years.
15. Hans Toch, Ph.D., is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice at the University at Albany, State University of New York. He has consulted with prison systems around the world and has received numerous awards for distinguished contributions to criminology and penology.

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16. Brie Williams, M.D., is Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.2 She has published work arguing for improved understanding of the healthcare needs of incarcerated older adults and for the broader inclusion of prisoners in national health datasets.
17. Patricia A. Zapf, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York. She has conducted over 2,500 prisoner evaluations and has served as an expert witness in numerous cases.

2 Williams’ support of this brief does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the University of California.
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SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT 1. Decades of medical and scientific research—across countries, methodologies, and subjects—establishes that prolonged solitary confinement causes grave psychological and physiological damage. Social interaction and positive environmental stimulation are basic human needs that are essential to human health. Lengthy isolation in an unchanging, monotonous environment is toxic to the brain and produces symptoms ranging from anxiety to hallucinations. Isolating humans from social contact is similarly damaging to the brain and body, destroying their sense of self and identity and eroding their connection to reality. The hallmark of prolonged solitary confinement is near-total social isolation, which is exacerbated by the deprivation of meaningful activity and absence of positive environmental stimulation. Prisoners are generally confined alone in small, bare cells for twenty-two hours a day or more, often for years at a time. Outside their cells, prisoners are not permitted to participate in group activities, are prohibited from having contact visits, and exercise alone in cages. The little stimulation prisoners do receive from their surroundings is typically negative and noxious (harsh noise, foul smells, bright lights). The cumulative effect is isolation from others, loss of meaningful activity, and the denial of positive environmental stimulation. The medical and scientific literature has consistently documented the severe
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and sometimes permanent damage caused by prolonged solitary confinement. Psychological symptoms include anxiety, panic, hallucinations, loss of self-control, and rage, among others. Physiological symptoms include headaches, heart palpitations, digestive problems, and severe cognitive dysfunction. The harsh nature of solitary confinement also drives many prisoners to self-mutilation, and to suicidal thoughts and actions. These and other adverse symptoms have been consistently documented among inmates and other groups subject to similar forms of confinement, such as prisoners of war, military pilots, and hostages.
2. The profound damage that prolonged solitary confinement inflicts on prisoners is atypical and severe compared to that suffered by prisoners confined in the general prison population. The cluster of symptoms caused by prolonged solitary confinement is so unique that some experts have described it as a distinct syndrome whose unique harms are potentially permanent and disabling. Prisoners with preexisting mental illness are at particular risk, because solitary confinement exacerbates their mental illness and accelerates psychiatric deterioration. Nevertheless, even psychologically resilient prisoners and those without preexisting mental illness often suffer the same severe symptoms and psychological syndrome when segregated in solitary confinement.
Furthermore, prisoners in prolonged solitary confinement can experience long-lasting or permanent behavioral changes that inhibit their reintegration into
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the general prison population or into society upon release. “Adjustment” to abnormal, near-total isolation requires prisoners to “adapt” in ways that are dysfunctional and disabling. For example, isolated prisoners often become anxious around others, lose the ability to conceptualize time or control emotions and impulses, and even deteriorate into catatonic states. These pathological adaptations are especially disabling when isolated prisoners are returned to the general prison population or society. They can become permanent states of being that can interfere with or prevent prisoners’ reintegration into more normal social environments.
ARGUMENT I. Prolonged Solitary Confinement Causes Grave Psychological and
Physical Harms Senator John McCain, who endured severe physical beatings as a prisoner of war in Vietnam, nonetheless said that solitary confinement “crushes your spirit and weakens your resistance more effectively than any other form of mistreatment.” Richard Kozar, John McCain (Overcoming Adversity) 53 (2001). Scientific research conclusively shows that prolonged solitary confinement causes grave and often permanent psychological and physiological harms. Psychological and medical experts have long established that social contact and positive environmental stimulation are basic human needs that are as necessary for health and well-being as food and shelter. Persons confined alone for years in a cell for
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twenty-two or more hours a day, who have virtually no opportunity for meaningful
social contact and who are denied positive environmental stimulation, suffer
serious mental and physical harm. This is true of even the most resilient prisoners
and those without preexisting mental illness.
A. The Hallmark of Solitary Confinement Is Social Isolation and Restricted Environmental Stimulation “Solitary confinement,” as typically used in the international medical and
legal literature and throughout this brief, refers to the segregation of a prisoner
alone in a cell for twenty-two to twenty-four hours a day without meaningful social
interaction or positive environmental stimulation.3 See, e.g., Wilkinson v. Austin,
545 U.S. 209, 223-24 (2005); Letter from Thomas E. Perez, Assistant Att’y Gen.,
U.S. Dep’t of Justice, to Hon. Tom Corbett, Governor of Pa., at 5 (May 31, 2013);
Peter Scharff Smith, The Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prison Inmates: A
Brief History and Review of the Literature, 34 Crime & Just. 441, 443 (2006).
“Prolonged” refers to a year or more of segregation in solitary confinement.4
3 Solitary confinement may be referred to as “administrative segregation” or by other terms. See Davis v. Ayala, 135 S. Ct. 2187, 2208 (2015) (Kennedy, J., concurring). 4 Although this brief focuses on the negative effects of solitary confinement exceeding one year, shorter periods of solitary confinement may also cause irreparable damage. See, e.g., Juan E. Méndez (Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council), Interim Report on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 9, U.N. Doc A/66/268 (Aug. 5, 2011) (concluding that the negative psychological effects of solitary confinement “can become irreversible” after fifteen days).
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Throughout this brief, the term “solitary confinement” is used to describe solitary confinement that is prolonged.
Solitary confinement is marked by almost total deprivation of meaningful social contact and positive environmental stimulation. Prisoners spend nearly all their time in windowless (or nearly windowless) cells that may be as small as sixty to eighty square feet. As a result, they “sleep, eat, and defecate in their cells, in spaces that are no more than a few feet apart.” Reassessing Solitary Confinement: The Human Rights, Fiscal, and Public Safety Consequences: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Rights of the S. Comm. on the Judiciary, 112th Cong. 72, 75 (2012) [hereinafter Haney Statement] (statement of Dr. Craig Haney, Professor, University of California, Santa Cruz); Elizabeth Bennion, Banning the Bing: Why Extreme Solitary Confinement is Cruel and Far Too Usual Punishment, 90 Ind. L. J. 741, 742-43, 753 (2015). In their cells, prisoners endure sustained periods of idleness since access to library books and work is limited or prohibited, and “[f]ew, if any, rehabilitation or education programs exist.” Terry A. Kupers, Isolated Confinement: Effective Method for Behavior Change or Punishment for Punishment’s Sake?, in The Routledge Handbook for Int’l Crime & Just. Studies 213, 213 (Bruce A. Arrigo & Heather Y. Bersot eds., 2014); see also Craig Haney, Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and “Supermax” Confinement, 49 Crime & Delinq. 124, 126 (2003).
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The brief periods that solitary-confinement prisoners are allowed outside their cells do not provide opportunities for any meaningful human contact or positive environmental exposure. Prisoners in solitary confinement are rarely allowed contact visits. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 126. For many prisoners, years may pass “without ever touching another person with affection.” Redacted Expert Report of Craig Haney at 31, Ashker v. Brown, No. 4:09 CV 05796 CW (N.D. Cal. 2015), https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/07/Redacted_Haney%20Expert %20Report.pdf [hereinafter Expert Report]; see also Bennion, supra, at 743, 753; Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 126.
Prisoners in solitary confinement are generally denied opportunities to participate in group activities or socialize. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 126. Recreation is typically spent alone “in caged-in or cement-walled areas that are so constraining they are often referred to as ‘dog runs.’” Id. Recreation is also generally preceded by an intrusive strip and cavity search. See Williams v. Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corrs., 848 F.3d 549, 554 (3d Cir. 2017) (describing strip searches so invasive that a prisoner sacrificed the opportunity to exercise for nearly seven years to avoid them); see also Incumaa v. Stirling, 791 F.3d 517, 531 (4th Cir. 2015) (noting that a prisoner in solitary confinement experienced “near-daily cavity and strip searches”). The few human interactions prisoners are permitted
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typically occur while the prisoner is restrained by multiple types of restraints like leashes, cuffs, or cages. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 126, 143. As a result, prisoners’ sole physical contact with another person may be with a correctional officer when being placed in restraints. Thomas L. Hafemeister & Jeff George, The Ninth Circle of Hell: An Eighth Amendment Analysis of Imposing Prolonged Supermax Solitary Confinement on Inmates with a Mental Illness, 90 Denv. U. L. Rev. 1, 17 (2012).
Technology has made solitary confinement even more completely and severely isolating. Cameras, intercoms, and automated doors enable guards to perform their jobs with minimal personal contact with prisoners. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 126. The cumulative effect is “near-total isolation.” Id.
Some prisons purport to mitigate some of the harms associated with solitary confinement by implementing procedures that provide prisoners with “privileges” for good behavior—for example, limited access to television, books, and work opportunities. These limited privileges, however, are no substitute for sustained and meaningful social interaction and positive environmental stimulation. For example, a report on Canadian prisoners in solitary confinement noted that they experienced dramatic psychological harms despite having the ability to earn limited privileges (e.g., access to television, a common room, an exercise yard). See Craig Haney & Mona Lynch, Regulating Prisons of the Future: A
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Psychological Analysis of Supermax and Solitary Confinement, 23 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 477, 512-13, 513 n.177 (1997). In fact, access to television may reinforce the social isolation of prisoners in solitary confinement because it leads them to interact and engage socially with fictional television characters instead of real people. Expert Report, supra, at 78. Thus, even prisoners who are granted these kinds of limited privileges continue to experience the severe harms caused by social isolation and deprivation of positive environmental stimulation. B. Meaningful Social Interaction and Adequate Environmental Stimuli
Are Basic Human Needs Just as food and shelter are necessary to maintain physical health, meaningful contact with others and positive interactions with one’s environment are critical to maintaining mental health. See Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 504-07. Extensive scientific research demonstrates that people consistently suffer “a number of dysfunctional psychological states and outcomes” when deprived of social contact and a normal range of sensory input for long periods of time. Id. at 505, 507. Prolonged placement in an “unchanging monotonous environment” deprives the “sensory organs of normal levels of stimulation.” Bennion, supra, at 759. Without normal and positive environmental interactions (such as, for example, exposure to natural light, outdoor sounds, and varying colors), certain cognitive functions go unutilized. Mental alertness, concentration, and the ability to plan
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often suffer. See, e.g., G.D. Scott & Paul Gendreau, Psychiatric Implications of Sensory Deprivation in a Maximum Security Prison, 14 Can. Psychol. Ass’n J. 337, 337, 339 (1969). The brain processes the deprivation of positive stimulation as stress, which causes increased hormone levels that can produce anxiety and paranoia or interfere with memory. Bennion, supra, at 759. More extreme or prolonged deprivation of positive environmental stimuli can cause “perceptual distortions [and] hallucinatory experiences.” Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 500.
Solitary confinement magnifies the damage that results from underexposure to positive stimuli by simultaneously overexposing prisoners to noxious stimuli. These negative stimuli can include the shouting of officers and inmates and other loud noises, offensive smells such as feces and blood, and constant fluorescent lights. See Hafemeister & George, supra, at 39 & n.217; Kupers, supra, at 216. These noxious stimuli are abrasive and aggravating in solitary confinement. They do not provide the type of positive environmental stimulation that is essential to maintaining health and well-being. Prisoners’ inability to control or escape from these noxious stimuli adds to their aversive, harmful effects. Exposure to this constant, uncontrollable negative stimulation causes many prisoners to suffer from chronic sleeplessness, which “intensifies psychiatric symptoms . . . [and] creates fatigue and magnifies cognitive problems, memory deficits, confusion, anxiety,
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and sluggishness.” Kupers, supra, at 216. Most importantly, solitary confinement deprives prisoners of meaningful
social contact in ways that are extremely damaging to their health and well-being. When deprived of adequate social interaction, together with a lack of environmental stimulation, people “soon become incapable of maintaining an adequate state of alertness and attention,” and within days their brain scans may show “abnormal pattern[s] characteristic of stupor and delirium.” Stuart Grassian, Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement, 22 Wash. U. J. L. & Pol’y 325, 330-31 (2006). The scientific literature has shown that, because feedback from meaningful social interaction and social contact shapes and affirms who we are, severe social isolation erodes one’s sense of self and connection to reality. Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 504-06; Kupers, supra, at 215.
Researchers have recorded symptoms in a variety of settings outside prison. See Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 130. For example, workers isolated over the winter in small group settings in Antarctica experienced progressively worsening depression, hostility, sleep disturbance, impaired cognitive functioning, and paranoia. Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 358-59. Solo sailors and high-altitude military pilots suffered mental disturbances ranging from anxiety to hallucinations, delusions, and detachment from reality. Id. at 356, 361; Bennion, supra, at 760.
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Accounts from former hostages and political prisoners who endured solitary confinement likewise illustrate the harmful psychological and physiological effects. American soldiers imprisoned in North Vietnam described social isolation and inactivity as “among the most serious problems” they faced. See John E. Deaton et al., Coping Activities in Solitary Confinement of U.S. Navy POWs in Vietnam, 7 J. Applied Soc. Psychol. 239, 241 (1977). Sarah Shourd, an American political prisoner detained in Iran for fourteen months, recalled that, after only “two months with next to no human contact, [her] mind began to slip.” Sarah Shourd, Tortured by Solitude, N.Y. Times (Nov. 5, 2011), http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/opinion/sunday/in-an-iranian-prisontortured-by-solitude.html. At one point, Shourd “heard someone screaming, and it wasn’t until [she] felt the hands of one of the friendlier guards on [her] face, trying to revive [her], that [she] realized the screams were [her] own.” Id. Terry Anderson, a journalist captured and held hostage in Lebanon for seven years, likewise reported that, after just weeks in solitary confinement, his mind went “dead”—“There [was] nothing there, just a formless, gray-black misery.” See Atul Gawande, Hellhole, New Yorker (Mar. 30, 2009), http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/03/30/hellhole. After being returned to isolation after a short break, Anderson found himself “trembling sometimes for

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no reason” and feared he would “lose control completely.” Id.5 C. Prolonged Solitary Confinement Consistently Causes Severe Mental
and Physical Harm in Prisoners Extreme social isolation and the deprivation of positive environmental stimulation combine to inflict grave psychological and physiological harms on prisoners in solitary confinement. Studies of prisoners who have been held in solitary confinement reveal “strikingly consistent” psychological and physiological harms. Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 335, 335-38; see also, e.g., Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 515-24, 530. These robust findings come from scientific studies that employed diverse methods (including, for example, historical accounts, personal accounts, observational studies, and systematic and direct research on prisoners in “supermax” confinement or the equivalent) and were conducted over many decades by researchers on several different continents. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 130. In a wide range of case studies and personal accounts provided by mental health and prison staff, experts have described the psychological harms as including insomnia, lethargy, and depression, as well as anxiety, panic, paranoia,
5 Because social interaction and normal sensory stimulation are basic human needs, solitary confinement “is among the most frequently used psychological torture techniques.” Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 508. Its use as a torture tactic has been largely condemned in the international community. See Méndez, supra, at 2; see also World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Prisons and Health 13, 32 (2014).
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hallucinations, loss of self-control, irritability, aggression, rage, and withdrawal. Id. at 130-31 (collecting more than twenty studies); see also Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 335-37; Smith, supra, at 492. Moreover, studies consistently show that prisoners in solitary confinement experience hypersensitivity to stimuli. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 134; see also, e.g., Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 335, 370-71.
For example, in a 1993 study involving a random, representative sample of one hundred prisoners housed at California’s Pelican Bay supermax prison for varying lengths of time (“Pelican Bay Study”), almost all the isolated prisoners were found to have experienced “psychopathological symptoms,” including intrusive thoughts, hypersensitivity to stimuli, and irrational anger. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 133-34. More than 90% experienced nervousness and anxiety; headaches and chronic tiredness were common to 88% and 84%, respectively; 70% “felt themselves on the verge of an emotional breakdown”; approximately 75% experienced chronic depression and mood swings; and almost half experienced perceptual distortions or hallucinations. Id.
Likewise, in a 1983 in-depth study of fourteen prisoners held in solitary confinement in Massachusetts, eleven reported hypersensitivity to external stimuli such as noise and smells. Stuart Grassian, Psychopathological Effects of Solitary Confinement, 140 Am. J. Psychiatry 1450, 1452 (1983). Ten reported
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experiencing “massive free-floating” anxiety, and eight of those also experienced physical symptoms such as sweating, shortness of breath, and tachycardia. Id. Half suffered from visual or auditory hallucinations or illusions, and over half reported suffering from an inability to concentrate, disorientation, and memory failures. See id. at 1452-53.
The physiological harms are also severe and consistent across inmates segregated in solitary confinement. These include headaches, heart palpitations, digestive problems, and weight loss. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 133; Smith, supra, at 488-89. The Pelican Bay Study revealed that well over half the prisoners in solitary confinement suffered from symptoms of hypertension. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 133.
Segregated prisoners also demonstrate cognitive dysfunction and engage in potentially life-threatening behaviors such as self-mutilation and suicidal ideation. Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 349. For example, approximately 35% of prisoners in the Massachusetts study reported losing control and engaging in random violence while in solitary confinement. Grassian, Psychopathological Effects, supra, at 1453. Alarmingly, 20% reported deliberately cutting themselves. Id. After three years as a hostage in solitary confinement, journalist Terry Anderson slammed his head against a wall dozens of times until his guards stopped him. Gawande, supra. Likewise, political prisoner Sarah Shourd “beat at the walls
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until [her] knuckles bled” while being held in solitary confinement in Iran. Shourd, supra.
The scientific literature also shows that the pain and harm of solitary confinement are exacerbated by its indefinite nature and punitive purpose or intent. See Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 501-02. Prisoners who do not know if or when they will be released from solitary confinement are under greater psychological stress and at risk of more serious harm. See Smith, supra, at 498. The broad discretion of correctional staff to increase the duration of a prisoner’s solitary confinement means that this uncertainty is widespread (even among prisoners who supposedly have a “release date”). See Kupers, supra, at 220-21. Similarly, prisoners who perceive their isolation as intended to punish or threaten them are “more likely to develop adverse psychiatric reactions.” Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 347. In contrast, prisoners who are in solitary confinement for their own protection are less likely to report the same degree of psychological distress as prisoners in solitary confinement for punitive reasons. See Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 135-37.
Contemporary studies conducted in prisons across other countries corroborate the findings of American researchers.6 See Smith, supra, at 476-87

6 The evidence of symptoms documented in research studies of solitary confinement practiced overseas is even more telling, because the conditions of
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(describing studies from South Africa and across Europe). For example, the prevalence rates of harm reported by Dr. Haney in the Pelican Bay Study, Mental Health, supra, at 133-34, are similar to those in studies conducted in other countries, including a 2001 Norwegian study finding that “94 percent suffered from adverse symptoms after four weeks; many suffered from serious symptoms such as depression and anxiety . . . and 13 percent had mutilated themselves,” Smith, supra, at 494. See also id. at 493-94 (summarizing European and American studies finding similar results).
Historical evidence of the harms caused by prolonged solitary confinement is consistent with modern research findings. See, e.g., id. at 456-69. Beginning in the late 1700s, state prisons in America experimented with an extremely strict form of solitary confinement. See In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160, 167-68 (1890); Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 328-29. But by 1890, the practice was vanishing because, as the United States Supreme Court observed, solitary confinement quickly produced “a semi-fatuous condition” and “violen[t] insan[ity]” in many prisoners and led others to commit suicide. In re Medley, 134 U.S. at 168; Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 338-43 (describing the history of solitary confinement in the nineteenth century).
The same effects were noted in Germany, which by the early nineteenth confinement are generally less restrictive and isolating than those in the United States. See Smith, supra, at 502.
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century had adopted American practices of extreme solitary confinement. See Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 342. From 1854 to 1909, “thirty-seven articles appeared in German scientific journals on the subject of psychotic disturbances among prisoners, summarizing years of work and hundreds of cases.” Id. at 342, 367-72. Germany subsequently abandoned the practice. Nicholas Turner & Jeremy Travis, What We Learned from German Prisons, N.Y. Times (Aug. 6, 2015), https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/07/opinion/what-we-learnedfrom-german-prisons.html. Now “[s]olitary confinement is rare in Germany, and generally limited to no more than a few days, with four weeks being the outer extreme.” Id.
A small minority of researchers have asserted that solitary confinement is not significantly detrimental to inmates. See Robert Morgan et al., Quantitative Syntheses of the Effects of Administrative Segregation on Inmates’ Well-Being, 22 Psychol. Pub. Pol’y & L. 439 (2016) [hereinafter Quantitative Syntheses]; Maureen L. O’Keefe et al., One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation, Nat’l Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Dep’t of Justice (2010) [hereinafter Colorado Study]. However, these conclusions are at odds with the overwhelming scientific consensus that has established the significant harms caused by solitary confinement. See, e.g., Williams, 848 F.3d at 567 (“Now, with the abundance of medical and
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psychological literature, the ‘dehumanizing effect’ of solitary confinement is
firmly established.”). In addition to the numerous “fatal flaws” in the Colorado
Study and Quantitative Syntheses (which is primarily based on the Colorado Study,
see Morgan et al., supra, at 447-50),7 the prisoners in the study were kept in
solitary confinement for “only” up to one year. Morgan et al., supra, at 457;
O’Keefe et al., supra, at 80. Thus the results did not and could not address the
cumulative effect of prolonged social isolation and the deprivation of positive
environmental stimulation exceeding one year.8 See id. Indeed, the authors of
Quantitative Syntheses have acknowledged that their findings “are not justification
for [solitary confinement’s] continued use at current levels or for the extreme
length of time (e.g., several years) inmates often spend there.” Morgan et al.,
supra, at 457.
As Justice Kennedy observed, “research still confirms what this Court
suggested over a century ago: Years on end of near-total isolation exact a terrible
7 The Colorado Study has been criticized by experts for its “very flawed” methodology. See Stuart Grassian & Terry Kupers, The Colorado Study vs. The Reality of Supermax Confinement, Correctional Mental Health Rep. (May/June 2011). 8 One estimate suggests that an average prisoner subjected to solitary confinement in a federal supermax prison spends approximately 8.2 years there. See Amnesty International, Entombed: Isolation in the US Federal Prison System, 20 (July 2014), http://www.amnestyusa.org/sites/default/files/amr510402014en.pdf. Even setting that limitation aside, the data from the Colorado Study nonetheless shows that prisoners in solitary confinement suffered more than prisoners in the general population. See Grassian & Kupers, supra, at 7-8.
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price.” Ayala, 135 S. Ct. at 2210 (Kennedy, J., concurring). The scientific consensus establishes that prisoners held in solitary confinement experience serious, often debilitating, and even irreparable, mental and physical harms because they are deprived of the basic human needs of social interaction and normal environmental stimulation. II. Solitary Confinement Imposes Atypical and Significant Hardship on
Prisoners Because prisoners in the general population are given opportunities to socialize and engage in group activities, they are not subjected to the extreme social isolation and deprivation of positive environmental stimuli that characterize solitary confinement. Research findings consistently show that solitary confinement causes distinct and more severe psychological and physiological harms than “ordinary” imprisonment. The harms of solitary confinement also often result in permanent behavioral changes that inhibit prisoners’ ability to reintegrate into normal prison conditions and, subsequently, society. A. The Harmful Effects of Solitary Confinement Are Distinct and Severe Compared to the Effects of Imprisonment Among the General Prison Population “Nearly every scientific inquiry into the effects of solitary confinement over the past 150 years has concluded that subjecting an individual to more than 10 days of involuntary segregation results in a distinct set of emotional, cognitive, social, and physical pathologies.” David H. Cloud et al., Public Health and Solitary
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Confinement in the United States, 105 Am. J. Pub. Health 18, 21 (2015). The consistency and prevalence of these pathologies have led a number of experts to identify a distinct “isolation syndrome”—a unique cluster of psychological and physiological harms primarily evidenced in prisoners held in solitary confinement, including hypersensitivity, distorted perceptions, panic attacks, difficulty thinking and concentrating, intrusive thoughts, impulse control, and overt paranoia. Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 335-36; Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 518; Smith, supra, at 484.
Studies that directly compare symptoms of psychological and physiological harms among prisoners held in solitary confinement against those of prisoners held in the general population underscore the unique nature of the harms that occur in solitary confinement—harms that are far more widespread and severe than the symptoms and adverse effects caused by prison in general. For example, in a follow up to the Pelican Bay Study, Dr. Haney compared the psychological reactions of prisoners in solitary confinement with those of inmates held in the Pelican Bay general population. He found that although a significant number of general population prisoners “were suffering and in distress . . . there was absolutely no comparison to the level of suffering and distress reported by the PBSHU [segregated] prisoners.” Expert Report, supra, at 81. “On nearly every single specific dimension [] measured, the PBSHU sample was in significantly
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more pain, were more traumatized and stressed, and manifested more isolation-related pathological reactions.” Id. Two Norwegian studies similarly concluded that prisoners “in solitary confinement suffered significantly more both physically and psychologically than the prisoners in the [non-isolated] control group.” Smith, supra, at 477.
Prisoners in solitary confinement also attempt and commit suicide at startling rates compared to prisoners in the general population. Although prisoners in solitary confinement comprise only 2-8% of the total U.S. prison population, they account for 50% of all suicides by prisoners.9 Grassian & Kupers, supra, at 1. In one Maine prison, for example, “almost every prisoner in the isolation unit had attempted suicide.” Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 518.
Prisoners in solitary confinement are also more likely to self-harm than general population prisoners. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 131. For example, “[a]n analysis of . . . 902 self-mutilation incidents in the North Carolina Department of Corrections occurring between 1958 and 1966 revealed that nearly half occurred in segregation units.” Haney & Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 525. A similar study at a Virginia prison revealed “that 51% of the self-mutilation incidents . . . over the preceding year had taken place in isolation units.” Id. A 9 Even data collected from the flawed Colorado Study found higher rates of suicidal behavior, self-destructive behavior, and psychotic symptoms in mentally ill prisoners in solitary confinement than in mentally ill prisoners in the general prison population. See Grassian & Kupers, supra, at 7-8.
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recent study examining self-harming behaviors in New York City jails similarly found that, even controlling for serious mental illness, prisoners assigned to solitary confinement were nearly seven times more likely to commit acts of self-harm. See Homer Venters et al., Solitary Confinement and Risk of Self-Harm Among Jail Inmates, 104 Am. J. Pub. Health 442, 445 (2014).
Prisoners held in solitary confinement are also much more likely to suffer from mental illness than prisoners in the general population. For example, a comprehensive study of prisoners in Washington state’s supermax prisons concluded that mental illness was about twice as common in segregated prisoners; a Canadian study found “almost identical results.” Hafemeister & George, supra, at 46-47. Several methodologically rigorous European studies reveal similar mental health disparities between prisoners held in isolation and those in the general population. Smith, supra, at 476-80 (summarizing similar findings across several clinical studies in Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway). For example, a large-scale Danish study found that psychiatric disorders were about twice as common in segregated prisoners as in prisoners in the general prison population and almost three times as common in prisoners segregated for over two months. Id. at 477-78.
Although prisoners with mental illness are often more likely to be placed in solitary confinement because of their diminished capacity to adhere to the
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numerous, strictly-enforced prison rules and regulations, see, e.g., Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 142-43, it is unlikely that the higher rates of mental illness and psychiatric symptoms among segregated prisoners can be attributed to that fact alone. A more comprehensive explanation includes not only that prisoners with mental illness are at higher risk of being placed in solitary confinement, but also that solitary confinement causes “the appearance of an acute mental illness in individuals who had previously been free of any such illness.” See Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 333.
Prisoners with mental illness are the most vulnerable to the specific psychological and physiological harms caused by solitary confinement. Research shows that solitary confinement “exacerbates . . . mental illness and too often results in suicide.” Kupers, supra, at 215; see also Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 349. Prisoners with mental illness are also at the greatest risk of suffering “permanent and disabling” harms. See Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 142; see also Hafemeister & George, supra, at 38-39.
Even the most psychologically resilient prisoners “inevitably suffer severe psychological pain as a result of [solitary] confinement.” Grassian, Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 354. Moreover, the reported symptoms among solitary-confinement prisoners are simply too pervasive and consistent to be attributed to the manifestation of preexisting conditions alone. See Haney &
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Lynch, Regulating Prisons, supra, at 532-33. For example, a large-scale Danish study concluded that differences in prisoners’ health outcomes were driven “mainly by different conditions of [solitary confinement] and non-[solitary confinement].” Smith, supra, at 478. B. Solitary Confinement Can Cause Permanent Behavioral Changes that
Inhibit Reintegration into the General Prison Population and Society Upon Release The experience of nearly complete isolation that occurs in solitary confinement changes many prisoners’ thoughts, feelings, actions, and even their personalities or ways of being. See Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 138. Although these changes are “functional—even necessary—under the isolated conditions in which [prisoners] live,” they are “pathological” reactions made in response to a pathological environment. Expert Report, supra, at 27-28; see also id. at 47 (describing the results of re-interviewing prisoners who had been in solitary confinement since Dr. Haney’s original 1993 study); Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 137-41. Their pathological, dysfunctional nature becomes more apparent (and potentially disabling) when prisoners return to more normal, less isolated conditions. Haney, Mental Health, supra, at 137-41. Because these “adaptations” become more permanent as the duration of isolation increases, they are especially problematic for prisoners in prolonged isolation. Id. at 138-41. For example, prisoners in solitary confinement are forced to adapt to the fact that
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nearly every aspect of their existence is tightly controlled by prison staff. Id. at 138-39. After release from solitary confinement, many prisoners struggle to initiate behavior on their own or set their own limits, and some “become uncomfortable with even small amounts of freedom.” Id. at 139; see also Haney Statement, supra, at 83.
These “social pathologies” can significantly interfere with prisoners’ attempts to connect socially and interact with others appropriately once they are removed from solitary confinement. Expert Report, supra, at 28-29; see also Smith, supra, at 496 (citing Canadian, Danish, and American studies). For example, upon meeting his lawyer after just several months in solitary confinement, one prisoner recalled finding himself unable to follow or reciprocate “words and hand gestures.” Gawande, supra. Frank Reed, an American private-school director held in isolation for three-and-a-half years as a hostage, deteriorated into a semi-catatonic state and required admission to a psychiatric hospital upon his release. Id.
The harmful effects of solitary confinement persist for many prisoners long after they leave, even if their psychological and physiological symptoms improve with time. Solitary confinement forces changes in prisoners’ thinking, emotions, conduct, and even personalities—sometimes rendering them permanently ill-suited to life outside solitary confinement, let alone life outside the prison. Grassian,
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Psychiatric Effects, supra, at 332-33. Indeed, “[o]ne of the paradoxes of solitary
confinement is that, as starved as people become for companionship, the
experience typically leaves them unfit for social interaction.” Gawande, supra.
CONCLUSION The overwhelming scientific consensus firmly establishes that solitary
confinement deprives inmates of basic human needs; produces severe, negative,
and atypical psychological symptoms and reactions; and can cause grave and
lasting harm to those who endure it.
Dated: June 30, 2017
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Matthew D. Slater
CLEARY GOTTLIEB STEEN & HAMILTON LLP 2000 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20006 (202) 974-1500 (Telephone)
Matthew D. Slater mslater@cgsh.com Alexis L. Collins alcollins@cgsh.com Phillip L. Hurst phurst@cgsh.com Gypsy M. Moore gmmoore@cgsh.com
Counsel for Amici Curiae
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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE WITH TYPE-VOLUME LIMIT I hereby certify that this brief (1) complies with type-volume limits because,
excluding the parts of the document exempted by Fed. R. App. R. 32(f), this brief contains 6,432 words and (2) complies with the typeface and type style requirements, because this brief has been prepared in a proportionally spaced typeface using Microsoft Word in font size 14 Times New Roman.
Dated: June 30, 2017
CLEARY GOTTLIEB STEEN & HAMILTON LLP /s/ Matthew D. Slater MATTHEW D. SLATER Counsel for Amici Curiae

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on June 30, 2017, I caused the foregoing Brief of Amici
Curiae Professors and Practitioners of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Medicine in
Support of Plaintiff-Appellant to be filed with the Clerk of the Court using the
CM/ECF system, which will then send a notification of such filing to the
following:
Trevor S. Cox Matthew R. McGuire Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Div. 202 N. Ninth Street Richmond, VA 23219
Daniel J. Levin Andrew L. Black Maxwell J. Hyman Lauren Winer Alexaida Collet White & Case LLP 701 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005
/s/ Matthew D. Slater Matthew D. Slater

 
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No. 16-7358
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT _________________
ERIC JOSEPH DEPAOLA, Plaintiff-Appellant,
and DENNIS RIVERA; LUIS VELAZQUEZ,
Plaintiffs, v.
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL., Defendants-Appellees,
and EXTERNAL REVIEW TEAM, ET AL.,
Defendants. _________________ On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, Roanoke Division _________________
BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE CORRECTIONAL EXPERTS IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT AND REVERSAL
_________________
Miles E. Coleman Nicholas A. Charles NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH, LLP 1320 Main Street / 17th Floor Columbia, SC 29201 (803) 799-2000
Counsel for Amici Curiae

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES...............................................................................ii
INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE ........................................................................ 1
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT ..................................................................... 7
ARGUMENT.................................................................................................. 8
I. Solitary confinement causes devastating harm to inmates’ mental and physical health. ......................................... 8
II. OP 830 provides no meaningful opportunity for inmates like Mr. DePaola to progress out of solitary confinement or avoid its devastating consequences. ................ 20
A. Solitary confinement must be tempered by recurring, meaningful opportunities to progress out of it or, alternatively, by compensatory social accommodations. .................................................... 21
B. OP 830 does not provide inmates such as Mr. DePaola a meaningful review or opportunity to reenter the general prison population. ............................ 24
C. OP 830 does not provide inmates such as Mr. DePaola compensatory social interactions if they are denied the opportunity to reenter the general prison population................................................. 28
III. Feasible alternatives exist to solitary confinement.................. 29
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................. 32

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s)
Cases Casey v. Lewis, 834 F. Supp. 1477 (D. Ariz. 1993) ................................... 8 Coleman v. Brown, 28 F. Supp. 3d 1068 (E.D. Cal. 2014) ........................ 7 Coleman v. Schwarzenegger, No. Civ S 90-0520 LKK-JFM P,
2008 WL 8697735 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2008) ...................................... 14 Coleman v. Wilson, 912 F. Supp. 1282 (E.D. Cal. 1995)........................... 8 Davis v. Ayala, 135 S. Ct. 2187 (2015) (Kennedy, J.,
concurring) .......................................................................................... 11 Glossip v. Gross, 135 S. Ct. 2726 (2015) (Breyer, J.,
dissenting)........................................................................................... 12 In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160 (1890) ........................................................... 11 Ind. Prot. & Advocacy Servs. Comm’n v. Commissioner, 1:08-
cv-01317-TWP-MJD, 2012 WL 6738517 (S.D. Ind., Dec. 31, 2012) .............................................................................................. 17 Isby v. Brown, 856 F.3d 508, 528 (7th Cir. 2017) ............................. 25–27 Johnson v. Wetzel, 209 F. Supp. 3d 766 (M.D. Pa. 2016) ....................... 29 Jones ‘El v. Berge, 164 F. Supp. 2d 1096 (W.D. Wis. 2001).................... 17 Madrid v. Gomez, 889 F. Supp. 1146 (N.D. Cal. 1995) .......................... 18 Palakovic v. Wetzel, 854 F.3d 209 (3d Cir. 2017).............................. 11, 13 Ruiz v. Johnson, 37 F. Supp. 2d 855, 915 (S.D. Tex. 1999).................... 17 T.R. v. S.C. Dep’t Corr., C/A No. 2005-CP-40-2925 (Richland Cty. Ct. of C.P. 5th Jud. Cir. Jan. 8, 2014) ........................................ 18

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Williams v. Sec’y Pa. Dep’t of Corr., 848 F.3d 549 (3d Cir. 2017)........................................................................................ 11–14, 29
Rules
FED. R. APP. PROC. 29(a)(2)........................................................................ 1
FED. R. APP. PROC. 29(a)(4)(E)................................................................... 1
Other Authorities
Am. Bar Ass’n, ABA Standards for Criminal Justice: Treatment of Prisoners §§ 23-26(a) and 23-3.8 (3d ed. 2011).................................................................................................... 23
Am. Correctional Assoc., Restrictive Housing Performance Based Standards (August 2016)......................................................... 21
Angela Browne, et al., Prisons Within Prisons: The Use of Segregation in the United States, 24 FED. SENT’G REP. 46 (Oct. 2011) ........................................................................................... 31
Anne Kearney, Mitigating Risks to Psychological and Behavioral Halth in Long-Duration Spaceflight: Towards a Portfolio of Countermeasures (NASA 2016) .................................... 22
Assoc. of State Corr. Adm’rs, Guiding Principles for Restrictive Housing, 2 (Aug. 9, 2013) ................................................. 22
Bruce A. Arrigo & Jennifer Leslie Bullock, The Psychological Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners in Supermax Units: Reviewing What We Know and What Should Change, 52 INT’L J. OFFENDER THERAPY & COMP. CRIMINOLOGY 622 (2008)..................................................................... 13

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Craig Haney & Mona Lynch, Regulating Prisons of the Future: A Psychological Analysis of Supermax and Solitary Confinement, 23 N.Y.U. REV. L. & SOC. CHANGE 477 (1997)............................................................................................ 13
Craig Haney, Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and “Supermax” Confinement, 49 CRIME & DELINQ. 124 (2003)................................................................................................... 12
Craig Haney, The Social Psychology of Isolation: Why Solitary Confinement is Psychologically Harmful, 12 PRISON SERV. J. 12 (2009) ................................................................... 12
Dep’t of Justice, Report and Recommendations Concerning the Use of Restrictive Housing (2016) ..................................... 22–23, 30
Elizabeth Bennion, Banning the Bing: Why Extreme Solitary Confinement is Cruel and Far Too Usual Punishment, 90 IND. L. J. 741 (2015) ............................................................................ 12
Richard Korn, Follow-up Report on the Effects of Confinement in the High Security Unit at Lexington, 15 SOC. JUST. 20 (1988) ............................................................................ 15
Letter from J. Samuels, Acting Assistant Att’y Gen., U.S. Dep’t of Justice to Tom Corbett, Gov. of Pennsylvania, Investigation of the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections’ Use of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners with Serious Mental Illness and/or Intellectual Disabilities (Feb. 24, 2014)....................................................................................... 8
Hans Toch, Mosaic of Despair: Human Breakdowns in Prison (1992)................................................................................................... 15
Henrik Andersen et al., A Longitudinal Study of Prisoners on Remand: Repeated Measures of Psychopathology in the Initial Phase of Solitary Versus Nonsolitary Confinement, 26 INT’L J. L. & PSYCHIATRY 165 (2003) .............................................. 15

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Holly A. Miller & Glenn R. Young, Prison Segregation: Administrative Detention Remedy or Mental Health Problem?, 7 CRIM. BEHAV. & MENTAL HEALTH 85 (1997) ................... 15
Homer Venters et al., Solitary Confinement and Risk of SelfHarm Among Jail Inmates, 104:3 AM. J. PUB. HEALTH 442 (March 2014) ....................................................................................... 14
Ida Koch, Mental and Social Sequelae of Isolation: The Evidence of Deprivation Experiments and of Pretrial Detention in Denmark, THE EXPANSION OF EURPOEAN PRISON SYSTEMS, WORKING PAPERS IN EUROPEAN CRIMINOLOGY, No. 7 (Bill Rolston & Mike Tomlinson eds., 1986).................................................................................................... 15
Jeffrey L. Metzner, M.D., et al., Solitary Confinement and Mental Illness in U.S. Prisons: A Challenge for Medical Ethics, 38 J. AM. ACAD. PSYCHIATRY & L. 104 (2010) ................... 12, 15
John Jay College of Criminal Justice Colloquium Report, Solitary Confinement: Ending the Over-Use of Extreme Isolation in Prison and Jail (2015) .................................................... 21
Katharine Bachman et al., Countermeasures to Mitigate the Negative Impact of Sensory Deprivation and Social Isolation in Long-Duration Space Flight (NASA 2012) ............... 16, 22
Kristin Cloyes et al., Assessment of Psychosocial Impairment in a Supermaximum Security Unit Sample, 33 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 760 (2006).................................................................. 13
Mark Cunningham et al., Is Death Row Obsolete? A Decade of Mainstreaming Death-Sentenced Inmates in Missouri, 23 BEHAV. SCI. & L. 307 (2005) ........................................................... 30
Michael Bauer et al., Long-Term Mental Sequelae of Political Imprisonment in East Germany, 181 J. NERVOUS & MENTAL DISEASE 257 (1993) ............................................................... 15

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Natasha A. Frost & Carlos E. Monteiro, Administrative Segregation in U.S. Prisons, National Institute of Justice (March 2016) ....................................................................................... 19
Paul Gendreau et al., Changes in EEG Alpha Frequency and Evoked Response Latency During Solitary Confinement, 79 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOL. 54 (1972) .................................................. 16
Peter Smith, The Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prison Inmates: A Brief History and Review of the Literature, 34 CRIME & JUST. 441 (2006) ................................................................... 13
Peter Suedfeld et al., Reactions and Attributes of Prisoners in Solitary Confinement, 9 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 303 (1982)................................................................................................... 15
Richard Korn, The Effects of Confinement in the High Security Unit at Lexington, 15 SOC. JUST. 8 (1988)............................ 15
Richard Kozar, John McCain: Overcoming Adversity (Chelsea House 2001) ......................................................................... 11
Richard Walters et al., Effect of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners, 119 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 771 (1963)..................................... 16
Stanley L. Brodsky & Forrest R. Scogin, Inmates in Protective Custody: First Data on Emotional Effects, 1 FORENSIC REP. 267 (1988) ................................................................... 15
Stuart Grassian, Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement, 22 WASH. U. J. L. & POL’Y 325 (2006) ..................................... 16, 28–29
Stuart Grassian & Nancy Friedman, Effects of Sensory Deprivation in Psychiatric Seclusion and Solitary Confinement, 8 INT’L J. L. & PSYCHIATRY 49 (1986) ........................... 15
Stuart Grassian & Terry Kupers, The Colorado Study vs. the Reality of Supermax Confinement, 13 CORRECTIONAL MENTAL HEALTH REP. 1 (2011) ........................................................... 14

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Stuart Grassian, Psychopathological Effects of Solitary Confinement, 140 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 1450 (1983) ............................ 12
Terry Kupers et al., Beyond Supermax Administrative Segregation: Mississippi’s Experience Rethinking Prison Classification and Creating Alternative Mental Health Programs, 36 CRIM. JUST. & BEHAV. 1037 (2009)............................... 31
Thomas B. Benjamin & Kenneth Lux, Constitutional and Psychological Implications of the Use of Solitary Confinement: Experience at the Maine State Prison, 9 CLEARINGHOUSE REV. 83 (1975) .................................................... 14–15
U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (“Mandela Rules”), Economic and Social Council Res. 2015/20 (May 21, 2015). .............................................................. 19

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INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE1 Corrections experts Martin F. Horn, Toni Bair, Ned Benton, Robert Brown, Jr., Kathleen Dennehy, Brian Fischer, Steve Martin, Chase Riveland, Eldon Vail, Roger Werholtz, and Jeanne Woodford respectfully submit this brief as amici curiae in support of Appellant Eric DePaola. Martin F. Horn served as Secretary of Corrections of Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2000. He also served as Commissioner of the New York City Department of Correction and of the New York City Department of Probation for seven years. He is currently the Distinguished Lecturer in Corrections at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, and serves as the Executive Director of the New York State Sentencing Commission. Toni V. Bair’s extensive experience includes supervising Virginia’s death row as Warden of Mecklenburg Correctional Center. Bair also served as Regional Administrator supervising the Wardens of Virginia’s seven adult prisons from 1986 to 1990. Bair has also worked
1 Amici curiae submit this brief with the consent of all parties pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 29(a)(2). Counsel for amici curiae state pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 29(a)(4)(E) that no counsel for a party authored this brief in whole or in part, and no person other than amici curiae, their members, or their counsel made a monetary contribution to its preparation or submission.
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as Unit Manager directing a team responsible for Death Row at Utah State Prison and Assistant Commissioner for the New York City Department of Correction.
F. Warren Benton served as Director of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections from 1975 to 1979. He is a nationally recognized corrections consultant and monitor and has held leadership positions in the American Correctional Association (“ACA”) and the Association of State Correctional Administrators (“ASCA”). He is a professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice.
Robert Brown, Jr. is the former Director of the Michigan Department of Corrections where he worked for thirty years, first as a prison counselor and later as a parole officer, a Deputy Warden, a Deputy Director, and, ultimately, as the Director. He is currently a criminal justice consultant and has worked with the prison systems of Connecticut, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. He has also been appointed by a federal district court to serve as a Consent Agreement Monitor. Brown has been active in the ACA, formerly serving as its President and currently as an auditor. He is the recipient of the ACA’s Edward R. Cass Award, which honors the most dedicated correctional professionals.
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Kathleen M. Dennehy worked for the Massachusetts Department of Corrections for more than thirty years in roles including divisional director, prison superintendent, Deputy Commissioner, and ultimately serving as Commissioner from 2004 to 2007. Dennehy has worked as an expert and consultant for organizations including the Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the California Department of Justice, the National Institute of Corrections, and the National Council on Crime and Delinquency. She was recently appointed as a federal court monitor in a DOJ settlement agreement related to a southern State’s prison system.
Brian Fischer spent forty-four years in corrections, serving as Commissioner of the New York State Department of Corrections from 2007 to 2013. Prior to retiring, he consolidated the Division of State Parole and the Department of Correction into the Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, downsizing the agency by closing prison farms, annexes, camps, and several medium-security prisons.
Steve J. Martin is former General Counsel and Chief of Staff of the Texas prison system. He has worked as a correctional officer, including on death row, and also as a probation and parole officer and a
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prosecutor. As a corrections expert for the DOJ and as a consultant in over forty states, Martin has visited or inspected more than 700 confinement facilities.
Chase Riveland served from 1986 to 1997 as Secretary of the Washington State Department of Corrections. Previously, he served as the Executive Director of Colorado’s Department of Corrections from 1983 to 1986, and for nineteen years in the Wisconsin Department of Corrections. His published work includes the DOJ’s publication Supermax Prisons: Overview and General Considerations (1999).
Eldon Vail worked in juvenile and adult corrections in the State of Washington for thirty-five years. He served as the Deputy Secretary for seven of those years and as the Secretary for four years, retiring in 2011. Since his retirement, he has been retained as an expert witness or correctional consultant over forty times in state, local, and federal jurisdictions. He has helped to achieve settlements resulting in efforts to reform segregation practices in New York, Delaware, and Arizona.
Roger Werholtz served as the Secretary of Corrections of Kansas from 2002 until his retirement in 2010. He has also served as the Deputy Secretary of Corrections of Kansas and has supervised all three divisions
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of the Kansas Department of Corrections: Community and Field Services, Programs and Staff Development, and Facilities Management. He has community mental health experience and served on the Governor’s Mental Health Services Planning Council. He also served as the Midwest Regional Representative on the Executive Committee of the ASCA. He is the recipient of the 2009 Michael Franke Award, given in recognition of outstanding correctional administration.
Jeanne Woodford served as a California correctional officer for nearly thirty years, culminating in her role as the Acting Director and Director of California’s Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation from 2004 to 2006. Previously, she served as Warden of California’s San Quentin State prison, which houses the nation’s largest death row, where she successfully developed and implemented the first reentry program in a California prison. Woodford is currently a Senior Fellow at the Berkeley Center for Criminal Justice and lectures at various universities.
Amici have extensive first-hand experience and substantial knowledge, training, and education in safely managing prisons including maximum-security prison populations. Collectively, they have decades of experience administering and operating state prisons and prison systems
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(including in Virginia), serving as monitors and expert witnesses in litigation around the country, and investigating, establishing, and promulgating correctional best practices. As explained more fully below, it is their view that the Virginia Department of Corrections’ (“VDOC”) Operating Procedure 830.A (“OP 830.A”) fails to comport with these best practices, is constitutionally deficient, has significant adverse effects on inmates’ mental and physical health, and fails to accomplish its stated purpose of increasing the safety of the prison system. They respectfully submit this brief to set forth the basis for these views.

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SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT This Court should reverse the District Court’s erroneous conclusion that the conditions of Mr. DePaola’s confinement are constitutionally permissible and that VDOC’s illusory reviews of his status are constitutionally adequate. To the contrary, the facts before the District Court and the overwhelming consensus of the medical, academic, and scientific literature is that such conditions are sufficient to, at minimum, raise genuine issues of material fact whether Mr. DePaola’s permanent isolation from any meaningful human interaction while being subjected to constant sensory deprivation and simultaneous sensory overload are sufficiently cruel and unusual to give rise to an Eighth Amendment violation. Likewise, the facts before the District Court were sufficient to establish Mr. DePaola has been denied a procedurally adequate process to review and relieve these deprivations of liberty in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. The opinion and experience of penology experts including amici is that the only scenario in which extended solitary confinement is constitutionally permissible is when such confinement is tempered by (1) a regularly recurring, meaningful review process that provides
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inmates with the opportunity to return to the general prison population, and (2) the provision of adequate, compensatory social interactions for those prisoners who are denied a return to the general prison population. These requirements are feasible and not unduly burdensome to guard against the abuse of indefinite solitary confinement. Because the VDOC policy at issue in this appeal provides neither of these mitigating mechanisms, it is, in the opinion of amici, constitutionally impermissible.
ARGUMENT Solitary confinement in the VDOC prison system, as in others, is characterized by nearly total deprivation, isolation, and dehumanization. As explained below, such conditions cause pervasive and catastrophic harm to inmates subjected to them for even relatively brief periods of time. There are practicable means to safeguard against these pervasive and sometimes permanent harms, and the imposition of solitary confinement in the absence of these safeguards is cruel, unusual, penologically unnecessary, and unjustifiable. I. Solitary confinement causes devastating harm to inmates’ mental and physical health. Solitary confinement causes serious and permanent mental and physical harm. Inmates in solitary confinement (or “Administrative
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Segregation” as it is sometimes known) spend twenty-three or more hours per day alone in a concrete and steel cell not much larger than a king size bed. See Hearing on Solitary Confinement Before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Right, 112th Cong. 4 (2012) (statement of Craig Haney, Professor of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz), https://www.judiciary. senate.gov/download/testimony-of-craig-haney-pdf (last visited June 21, 2017). The cell is enclosed by a solid steel door, is windowless or nearly windowless, and is constantly illuminated by bright artificial lights. Id. at 4–5. It contains a bunk, a toilet, a sink—all within a few feet of each other—and all of the inmate’s scant worldly possessions. Id. In this room, an inmate eats, sleeps, defecates, and exists alone. Id.
Inmates in solitary confinement have nothing meaningful to do with their time, have extraordinarily limited opportunities for mental engagement, and have no opportunities for normal or meaningful human interaction. Id. at 6. Visitation is typically so limited and restricted as to

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be non-existent,2 access to books and other materials is strictly limited,3 and the inability to participate in any group activities, including meals, is utterly prohibited.
Prisoners get no reprieve from these conditions. Id. at 5. On the rare instances an inmate is permitted to leave his cell for occasional showers or “exercise,” he may do so only after submitting to an invasive body cavity strip search and when bound by multiple shackles and restraints. Even when an inmate leaves his cell for an hour of “exercise” several times per week, he is carefully isolated from any human contact other than the two guards who escort him alone to an empty concrete and metal cage, which is not much larger than his cell, and which typically is wholly or partially shielded to prevent any view of the surrounding area. Id. at 5–6.

2 In this case, for example, Mr. DePaola and other inmates in the VDOC’s “Intensive Management” segregation are permitted one hour of non-contact visitation (i.e., through a plexiglass barrier while restrained) per week. See J.A. 178 (OP 830.A, App. F). Visitation, however, is permitted only on Wednesdays, making it nearly impossible for most visitors—who live many hours away and who are constrained by weekday work schedules—to attend frequently if at all. 3 For example, inmates such as Mr. DePaola who have been placed in OP 830.A’s “Intensive Management” status are permitted two to five library books per week depending on the level of “privileges” they are given. See J.A. 178 (OP 830.A, App. F).
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Our courts have long recognized that inmates subjected to such deprivation and isolation not infrequently become insane or suicidal. See, e.g., Davis v. Ayala, 135 S. Ct. 2187, 2209 (2015) (Kennedy, J., concurring) (noting that “the penal system has a solitary confinement regime that will bring you to the edge of madness, perhaps to madness itself”); In re Medley, 134 U.S. 160, 168 (1890) (noting many prisoners placed in solitary confinement for even relatively short periods of time “became violently insane” or “committed suicide”). According to Senator John McCain—who spent years in solitary confinement as a prisoner of war in Vietnam—solitary confinement “crushes your spirit and weakens your resistance more effectively than any other form of mistreatment. Having no one else to rely on, to share confidences with, to seek counsel from, you begin to doubt your judgment and your courage.” Richard Kozar, John McCain: Overcoming Adversity, at 53 (Chelsea House 2001).
Extensive and often permanent physical and psychological damage is a virtual certainty for inmates in solitary confinement. See Palakovic v. Wetzel, 854 F.3d 209, 225 (3d Cir. 2017) (noting the “devastating mental health consequences caused by long-term isolation in solitary confinement”); Williams v. Sec’y Pennsylvania Dep't of Corr., 848 F.3d
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549, 566 (3d Cir. 2017) (recognizing the “unmistakable conclusion” that
solitary confinement is “psychologically painful, can be traumatic and
harmful and puts many of those who have been subjected to it at risk of
long-term . . . damage” and that “virtually everyone” exposed to such
confinement “is affected in some way”) (citation omitted); see also Glossip
v. Gross, 135 S. Ct. 2726, 2765 (2015) (Breyer, J., dissenting) (“[I]t is well
documented that . . . prolonged solitary confinement produces numerous
deleterious harms.”) (citations omitted).
The academic, medical, and scientific literature likewise
indisputably establishes the psychological and psychiatric horrors of
solitary confinement.4 Indeed, the Third Circuit recently concluded
4 See, e.g., Elizabeth Bennion, Banning the Bing: Why Extreme Solitary Confinement is Cruel and Far Too Usual Punishment, 90 INDIANA L. J. 743, 756–63 (2015) (summarizing research on psychiatric harms of solitary isolation); Jeffrey L. Metzner, M.D., et al., Solitary Confinement and Mental Illness in U.S. Prisons: A Challenge for Medical Ethics, 38 J. AM. ACAD. PSYCHIATRY & LAW 104, 104 (2010) (“[P]sychological stressors such as isolation can be as clinically distressing as physical torture”); Craig Haney, Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and “Supermax” Confinement, 49 CRIME & DELINQUENCY 124, 127 (2003) (finding high psychological trauma rates including more than 80% of prisoners suffering from anxiety, headaches, troubled sleep, or lethargy; 25% reporting suicidal ideation; and over 50% reporting symptoms including heart palpitations, obsessive ruminations, confusion, irrational anger, withdrawal, violent fantasies, chronic depression, hallucinations, and perceptual distortions); Stuart Grassian, Psychopathological Effects of Solitary Confinement, 140 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 1450, 1450–54 (1983) (finding “strikingly consistent” symptoms among Maine prisoners in isolation including massive anxiety, hallucinations, cognitive difficulties, memory lapses, and thought disturbances such as paranoia, aggressive fantasies and impulse-control problems); Craig Haney, The Social Psychology of Isolation: Why Solitary Confinement is Psychologically Harmful, 12
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“[t]here is not a single study of solitary confinement wherein non-
voluntary confinement that lasted for longer than 10 days failed to result
in negative psychological effects” such as “stupor, difficulties with
thinking and concentration, obsessional thinking, agitation, irritability,
and difficulty tolerating external stimuli.” Williams, 848 F.3d at 566
(citations omitted). See also Palakovic, 854 F.3d at 226–26 (noting the
academic and scientific consensus that solitary confinement “can cause
severe and traumatic psychological damage, including anxiety, panic,
paranoia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, and even
a disintegration of the basic sense of self identity”).
Further, the mental and ontological harms caused or exacerbated
by solitary confinement lead to immediately obvious physiological harm
and physical injury, including self-mutilation and suicide:
As if psychological damage was not enough, the impact of the deprivation does not always stop there.
PRISON SERV. J., 12 (2009); B. Arrigo & J. Bullock, The Psychological Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners in Supermax Units: Reviewing What We Know and What Should Change, 52 INT’L J. OFFENDER THERAPY & COMP. CRIMINOLOGY 622 (2008); Kristin Cloyes et al., Assessment of Psychosocial Impairment in a Supermaximum Security Unit Sample, 33 CRIMINAL JUSTICE & BEHAVIOR 760–81 (2006); Peter Smith, The Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prison Inmates: A Brief History and Review of the Literature, 34 CRIME & JUSTICE 441–528 (2006); Craig Haney & Mona Lynch, Regulating Prisons of the Future: A Psychological Analysis of Supermax and Solitary Confinement, 23 N.Y.U. REV. L. & SOC. CHANGE 477, 500 (1997).
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Physical harm can also result. Studies have documented high rates of suicide and self-mutilation amongst inmates who have been subjected to solitary confinement. These behaviors are believed to be maladaptive mechanisms for dealing with the psychological suffering that comes from isolation. In addition, the lack of opportunity for free movement is associated with more general physical deterioration. Williams, 848 F.3d at 567–68 (citations omitted). Indeed, half of prison suicides occur in solitary confinement. See Stuart Grassian & Terry Kupers, The Colorado Study vs. the Reality of Supermax Confinement, 13 CORRECTIONAL MENTAL HEALTH REP. 1, 11 (2011). Detainees in solitary confinement in New York City jails were nearly seven times more likely to harm themselves than those in general population, and in California prisons in 2004, isolation units accounted for 73% of all suicides. See Homer Venters et al., Solitary Confinement and Risk of Self-Harm Among Jail Inmates, 104:3 AM. J. PUBLIC HEALTH 442, 442–47 (March 2014); Expert Report of Craig Haney filed in Coleman v. Schwarzenegger at 45–46 n.119, 2008 WL 8697735 (ECF No. 3061) (filed Sept. 29, 2008). This is not a surprising result. As amici have witnessed in their years of experience, it is not unusual for prisoners in solitary confinement to swallow razors, smash their heads into walls, compulsively cut their flesh, and try to hang themselves. See also Thomas B. Benjamin &
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Kenneth Lux, Constitutional and Psychological Implications of the Use of Solitary Confinement: Experience at the Maine Prison, 9 CLEARINGHOUSE REV. 83, 84–90 (1975) (describing prisoners who nearly died from loss of blood after cutting themselves with broken light bulbs, swallowed glass, or attempted hanging, several successfully).5

5 Research has documented a wide range of gravely detrimental physiological manifestations of the psychological reactions to solitary confinement including negative affect, insomnia, anxiety, panic, withdrawal, hypersensitivity to stimuli, ruminations, cognitive dysfunction, hallucinations, loss of control, aggression, rage, paranoia, hopelessness, lethargy, depression, self-mutilation, and suicidal ideation and behavior. See, e.g., Jeffrey L. Metzner, Solitary Confinement and Mental Illness in U.S. Prisons, 38 J. AM. ACAD. PSYCHIATRY & LAW at 104–08 (summarizing the deleterious effects of solitary confinement on prisoners); Michael Bauer et al., LongTerm Mental Sequelae of Political Imprisonment in East Germany, 181 J. NERVOUS & MENTAL DISEASE 257–62 (1993) (studying persons who had spent at least six weeks in political imprisonment, with periods of solitary confinement); Richard Korn, The Effects of Confinement in the High Security Unit at Lexington, 15 SOCIAL JUSTICE 8, 8–19 (1988); Richard Korn, Follow-up Report on the Effects of Confinement in the High Security Unit at Lexington, 15 SOCIAL JUSTICE 20 (1988); Ida Koch, Mental and Social Sequelae of Isolation: The Evidence of Deprivation Experiments and of Pretrial Detention in Denmark, in THE EXPANSION OF EURPOEAN PRISON SYSTEMS, WORKING PAPERS IN EUROPEAN CRIMINOLOGY, No. 7, 119 (Bill Rolston & Mike Tomlinson eds. 1986); Holly A. Miller & Glenn R. Young, Prison Segregation: Administrative Detention Remedy or Mental Health Problem?, 7 CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR & MENTAL HEALTH 85, 85–94 (1997); Peter Suedfeld et al., Reactions and Attributes of Prisoners in Solitary Confinement, 9 CRIMINAL JUSTICE & BEHAVIOR 303–40 (1982); S.L. Brodsky & F.R. Scogin, Inmates in Protective Custody: First Data on Emotional Effects, 1 FORENSIC REPORTS 267, 267–80 (1988); Henrik Andersen et al., A Longitudinal Study of Prisoners on Remand: Repeated Measures of Psychopathology in the Initial Phase of Solitary Versus Nonsolitary Confinement, 26 INT’L J. L. & PSYCHIATRY 165–77 (2003); Stuart Grassian & N. Friedman, Effects of Sensory Deprivation in Psychiatric Seclusion and Solitary Confinement, 8 INT’L J. L. & PSYCHIATRY 49, 53 (1986); Hans Toch, Mosaic of Despair: Human Breakdowns in Prison (1992) (finding that “isolation panic” causes symptoms of rage, panic, loss of control, psychological regression, and physiological and psychic tension leading to
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These documented harms are not merely abstract or unsupported psychological theories. Neurological research has confirmed the dangerous impact of solitary confinement and sensory deprivation on the human brain. For example, researchers have found a correlation between solitary confinement and depressed brain function, observing EEG changes in the brain after only seven days in isolation. See Stuart Grassian, Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement, 22 WASH. U. J.L. & POL’Y 325, 325 (2006) (“[E]ven a few days of solitary confinement will predictably shift the electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern toward an abnormal pattern characteristic of stupor and delirium.”); Paul Gendreau et al., Changes in EEG Alpha Frequency and Evoked Response Latency During Solitary Confinement, 79 J. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 54, 57-58 (1972). Similarly, a 2012 NASA report concluded that “[p]rolonged sensory deprivation has been linked to biological changes to the neurological structure of the brain and to several behavioral outcomes including hallucinations and anxiety.” Katharine Bachman et al., Countermeasures to Mitigate the Negative Impact of Sensory Deprivation

self-mutilation); Richard Walters et al., Effect of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners, 119 AM. J. PSYCHIATRY 771–73 (1963).
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and Social Isolation in Long-Duration Space Flight at 2 (2012) (citations
omitted), https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/2012000
2722.pdf (last visited June 21, 2017). The longer an individual is
subjected to sensory deprivation, the greater the risk of these behavioral
consequences. Id. at 4 and 11. Sensory deprivation can also reduce brain
activity and cause negative brain plasticity processes, which create a self-
reinforcing downward spiral of degraded brain function. Id. at 6.
The significant and detrimental harms of solitary confinement are
so well documented that federal and state courts have repeatedly held
that placing individuals with serious mental illness in solitary
confinement violates the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual
punishment.6 The same reasoning can and should apply with equal force
6 See, e.g., Order, Coleman v. Brown, Case 2:90-cv-00520-LKK-DAD, Doc. 5131 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 10, 2014) (finding ongoing Eighth Amendment violations in the conditions of confinement of California prisoners with mental illness, and placing major restrictions on the placement of prisoners with serious mental illness in segregation); Ind. Protection & Advocacy Servs. Comm’n v. Commissioner, 2012 WL 6738517 (S.D. Ind., Dec. 31, 2012) (holding the Indiana Department of Corrections’ practice of placing prisoners with serious mental illness in segregation constituted cruel and unusual treatment violating the Eighth Amendment); Jones ‘El v. Berge, 164 F. Supp. 2d 1096, 1101–02 (W.D. Wis. 2001) (granting a preliminary injunction requiring the removal of prisoners with serious mental illness from “supermax” prison); Ruiz v. Johnson, 37 F. Supp. 2d 855, 915 (S.D. Tex. 1999), rev’d on other grounds, 243 F.3d 941 (5th Cir. 2001), adhered to on remand, 154 F. Supp. 2d 975 (S.D. Tex. 2001) (“Conditions in TDCJ-ID’s administrative segregation units clearly violate constitutional standards when imposed on the subgroup of the plaintiffs’ class made up of mentally-ill prisoners.”); Coleman v. Wilson, 912 F. Supp. 1282, 1320–21 (E.D.
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to Mr. DePaola and all other inmates placed in prolonged solitary
confinement who, even if they were not previously afflicted with or
diagnosed with a serious mental illness, will almost undoubtedly incur
devastatingly severe mental or physiological harm caused by the
conditions of their confinement.
Indeed, organizations including the National Institute of Justice
and the United Nations have noted the need to avoid or significantly limit
the use of solitary confinement. See, e.g., Natasha A. Frost & Carlos E.
Cal. 1995) (“[D]efendants’ present policies and practices with respect to housing of [prisoners with serious mental disorders] in administrative segregation and in segregated housing units violate the Eighth Amendment rights of class members.”); Madrid v. Gomez, 889 F. Supp. 1146, 1265–66 (N.D. Cal. 1995) (ruling that housing prisoners with mental illness or those at a high risk for suffering mental health injury in “Security Housing Unit” is unconstitutional); Casey v. Lewis, 834 F. Supp. 1477, 1549–50 (D. Ariz. 1993) (finding Eighth Amendment violation when “[d]espite their knowledge of the harm to seriously mentally ill inmates, ADOC routinely assigns or transfers seriously mentally ill inmates to [segregation units]”); Morrie et al., C/A No. 2005-CP-40-2925 (S.C. Ct. Comm. Pleas 5th J. Cir. Jan. 8, 2014) (finding major deficiencies in the conditions, including solitary confinement, endured by prisoners with mental illness, and ordering defendants to submit a remedial plan).
The United States Department of Justice has also opined that conditions of solitary confinement can violate the Eighth Amendment rights of mentally ill prisoners. See Letter from Jocelyn Samuels, Acting Assistant Att’y Gen., U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Civil Rights Div. to Tom Corbett, Gov. of Pennsylvania, Re: Investigation of the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections’ Use of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners with Serious Mental Illness and/or Intellectual Disabilities (Feb. 24, 2014), http://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/DOJ_Findings_Letter_Issued_by_DOJ_2_24_201 4.pdf (opining that state prisons across Pennsylvania “use[] solitary confinement in ways that violate the rights of prisoners” with serious mental illness and intellectual disabilities, citing “conditions that are often unjustifiably harsh” and detailing a number of other Eighth Amendment violations stemming from the practice of holding prisoners with serious mental illness in solitary confinement).
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Monteiro, Administrative Segregation in U.S. Prisons, National Institute of Justice, 16 (March 2016) (“Without question, a substantial body of work has established that solitary confinement can have damaging psychological effects, particularly when that confinement involves near complete isolation and sensory deprivation, or when the term of such confinement is extended. Moreover, . . . most agree that extended confinement under extreme conditions of isolation in some segregation units is indeed harmful and should be avoided where possible.”); U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (“Mandela Rules”), U.N. Econ. & Soc. Comm. on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice, 24th Sess., U.N. Doc. E/CN.15.2015/L.6/Rev.1 (May 21, 2015) (prohibiting the use of indefinite and prolonged solitary confinement because such incarceration “amount[s] to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”).
Because there is no question that solitary confinement—in contrast to incarceration in the general prison population—causes devastating harm to inmates’ mental and physical health, amici respectfully assert that the prolonged and indefinite solitary confinement of Mr. DePaola and other prisoners pursuant to OP 830.A is a cruel and unusual
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punishment that constitutes a sufficiently serious deprivation to give rise to an Eighth Amendment violation. II. OP 830.A provides no meaningful opportunity for inmates
like Mr. DePaola to progress out of solitary confinement or to avoid its devastating consequences. In light of the grave dangers discussed above, there is a growing consensus among scientific, academic, and correctional experts such as amici that prolonged or indefinite involuntary solitary confinement can be rendered humane and constitutionally permissible if the inmates thus confined receive the benefits of two safeguards. First, they must be entitled to and actually receive a regular, meaningful review of their status that provides them with a realistic opportunity to progress out of solitary confinement and to reenter the general prison population. Second, if the outcome of the review is to deny a return to the general prison population, the inmates must be provided with some form of compensatory social interactions to mitigate against the numerous and significant harms discussed in Part I, supra. As it is applied to inmates like Mr. DePaola, the policy at issue in this appeal—OP 830.A—lacks both of these mitigating mechanisms.

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A. Solitary confinement must be tempered by recurring, meaningful opportunities to progress out of it or, alternatively, by compensatory social accommodations.
Medical, scientific, legal, and penology experts agree that the humane use of solitary confinement requires (among other things) the periodic, meaningful review of each inmate so confined to determine whether he may be returned to a less restrictive environment such as the general prison population, and that if such progress is denied to an inmate, he must be provided with compensatory social interactions. See John Jay College of Criminal Justice Colloquium Report, Solitary Confinement: Ending the Over-Use of Extreme Isolation in Prison and Jail, 2 and 30–31 (2015) (noting there must be “attainable means for the individual to transition back to the general population of the prison” and that “[w]herever and whenever possible, opportunities to relieve the social isolation of the confined individual should be employed”), http://cloud.quallsbenson.com/uploads/john-jay_langeloth_report.pdf (last visited June 21, 2017); Am. Correctional Assoc., Restrictive Housing Performance Based Standards, 32 and 37 (August 2016) (proposing requirement that “step down programs are offered to Extended Restrictive Housing inmates to facilitate the reintegration of the inmate

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into general population” and that inmates held in prolonged solitary confinement “have access to programs and services that include . . . educational services, . . . religious guidance, and recreational programs”), http://www.asca.net/pdfdocs/8.pdf (last visited June 21, 2017); Assoc. of State Corr. Adm’rs, Guiding Principles for Restrictive Housing, 2 (Aug. 9, 2013) (advising periodic review of inmates’ readiness to reenter general population), http://www.asca.net/pdfdocs/9.pdf (last visited June 21, 2017).7
Indeed, the Department of Justice likewise advises that an inmate’s placement in solitary confinement “should be regularly reviewed” with a “plan for returning that inmate to less restrictive conditions as promptly as possible,” and encourages efforts “to increase the minimum amount of time that inmates in restrictive housing” have access to “recreation, education, . . . and social interaction with staff and other inmates.” See

7 Researchers and experts in other fields have likewise recognized the need for compensatory social and mental accommodations to counteract the effects of isolation and confinement. See, e.g., Anne Kearney, Mitigating Risks to Psychological and Behavioral Halth in Long-Duration Spaceflight: Towards a Portfolio of Countermeasures (NASA 2016), https://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep /TM-2016-219275.pdf (last visited June 21, 2017); Katharine Bachman et al., Countermeasures to Mitigate the Negative Impact of Sensory Deprivation and Social Isolation in Long-Duration Space Flight (NASA 2012), https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/ nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20120002722.pdf (last visited June 21, 2017).
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Department of Justice, Report and Recommendations Concerning the Use of Restrictive Housing, 99 and 106 (Jan. 2016), https://www.justice.gov/ dag/file/815551/download (last visited June 21, 2017).
The American Bar Association’s standards for the use of solitary confinement similarly stipulates that such confinement “should be for the briefest term and under the least restrictive conditions practicable,” should include “meaningful forms of mental, physical, and social stimulation,” and forbids in all instances “extreme isolation,” which is defined to “include a combination of sensory deprivation, lack of contact with other persons, enforced idleness, minimal out-of-cell time, and lack of outdoor recreation.” See Am. Bar Ass’n, ABA Standards for Criminal Justice: Treatment of Prisoners §§ 23-26(a) and 23-3.8 (3d ed. 2011), http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publishing/criminal_justic e_section_newsletter/crimjust_policy_midyear2010_102i.authcheckdam. pdf (last visited June 21, 2017).
In sum, amici concur with the foregoing multidisciplinary experts and organizations that the decent and humane use of solitary confinement requires its deprivation and isolation to be mitigated by the provision of a periodic and meaningful opportunity for review and return
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to the general prison population, and that if such progress is denied to an inmate, the provision of compensatory social interactions.
B. OP 830.A does not provide inmates such as Mr. DePaola a meaningful review or opportunity to reenter the general prison population.
Based on the record available, it appears that “Intensive Management” (“IM”) inmates like Mr. DePaola in the VDOC system do not receive any actual review that is open to the possibility of inmates moving out of solitary confinement. See J.A. 172 (OP 830.A at IV(F)(6)(a)) (noting the “Step-Down program is for previously SM offenders” and stating “IM offenders are not currently eligible for Step-Down” to the general population); J.A. 166 (OP 830.A (III)) (opining that IM inmates’ dispositions are immutable behavior characteristics that cannot be “eliminated despite the offender’s institutional adjustment even when providing more than a year of compliant, polite, and cooperative behavior and attitude”).
Instead, the only relief that might be afforded to an IM inmate as a result of a periodic review is a minor change in privileges. For example, an inmate who is moved from IM-0 (which is the most restrictive status within IM solitary confinement) to IM-1 or IM-2 (slightly less restrictive
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statuses in IM solitary confinement) gains only marginal benefits, such as the ability to have a few more library books per week and more commissary purchases. J.A. 382 (Dist. Ct. Or. p. 5). The IM-1 and IM-2 inmates still live in utter isolation in squalid cells devoid of meaningful human interaction. These “privileges” are insignificant when compared to the relative freedoms enjoyed by general population inmates, and the “review” afforded within the IM pathway are thus meaningless and illusory.
Moreover, based on the Record evidence available, it appears that inmates who succeed in completing the progression through all the IM stages do not progress back into general population. Instead, the farthest they can “step down” is into the IM-SL6 “Closed Pod.” See J.A. 172 (OP 830.A(IV)(G)). Closed Pod inmates, however, are still subjected to “single celled housing, segregated recreation, and out of cell restraints.” Id. Thus, the SL6 Closed Pod—which is the best outcome IM inmates can hope to achieve—is nothing but solitary confinement by another name.
At least one federal court has addressed the meaningfulness of a review of a prisoner’s solitary confinement status. In Isby v. Brown, the Seventh Circuit noted that an “actual review” is “one open to the
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possibility of a different outcome.” 856 F.3d 508, 528 (7th Cir. 2017). The court further noted the inmate’s confinement in administrative segregation may have been based entirely on misconduct that occurred in the distant past and there was a genuine factual dispute “as to whether the thirty-day reviews take into account any updated circumstances in evaluating the need for continued confinement, given the length of Isby’s segregation, his long stretches of time without any disciplinary issues, and the rote repetition of the same two boilerplate sentences following each review.” Id. Accordingly, the court held the ongoing solitary confinement “reviews may not be frozen in time, forever rehashing information addressed at the inmate’s initial determination.” Id. Rather, “prison officials must look to the inmate’s present and future behavior and consider new events to some degree to ensure that prison officials do not use past events alone to justify indefinite confinement.” Id.
Like the inmate in Isby, Mr. DePaola is subjected to recurring sham “reviews” in which he is permitted to make a statement and then is told that there will be no change in his status. See J.A. 267–77 (DePaola Declr. at 5–15). The justification given for the decision is often based upon misconduct committed by Mr. DePaola years ago—particularly his 2009
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assault of a guard—despite a lack of any substantive recent infractions. See J.A. 272–73 (DePaola Declr. at 10–11). Mr. DePaola cannot undo his 2009 actions. But he can and has complied with prison behavioral norms in the present and future. Because VDOC’s decision to keep Mr. DePaola in solitary confinement is based solely on the fact that he is a “dangerous” inmate as indicated by the 2009 incident, he is doomed to solitary confinement for the remaining decades of his sentence. As the Third Circuit noted in Isby, there must be an actual review that is open to the possibility of a different outcome. 856 F.3d at 528. The reviews of Mr. DePaola’s classification are not open to the possibility of a different outcome if his 2009 actions remain a justification for keeping him in solitary confinement.
Because reviews of Mr. DePaola’s status are based primarily on conduct that occurred long ago, and because those reviews cannot and will not result in any tangible change in his isolation, current VDOC procedures do not provide him with a meaningful opportunity to obtain greater social interactions and less state control. The Fourteenth Amendment, best penology practices, and recognition of human rights and dignity demand more.
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C. OP 830.A does not provide inmates such as Mr. DePaola compensatory social interactions if they are denied the opportunity to reenter the general prison population.
Amici acknowledge there are instances (though Mr. DePaola is assuredly not one of them) in which it may be necessary to keep an inmate in solitary confinement for a prolonged period of time and that some inmates in solitary confinement will commit serious infractions while confined that prohibit them from soon reentering the general population. Accordingly, amici recognize that even if IM inmates are provided meaningful reviews, a step down may realistically be denied. In that scenario, inmates must not be placed back into their cells for twentythree hours a day in continued extreme isolation for year after year. Instead, they must be given compensatory social interactions, either with a counselor, other staff, or other inmates. See Part II.A, supra, and authorities cited therein.
As the research cited throughout this brief shows, isolation and lack of social contact are the most dangerous aspects of solitary confinement for an inmate’s health and welfare. See Stuart Grassian, Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement, 22 WASH. U. J. L. & POL. 325, 354 (2006) (“The restriction of environmental stimulation and social isolation
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associated with confinement in solitary are strikingly toxic to mental functioning, producing a stuporous condition associated with perceptual and cognitive impairment and affective disturbances.”). In Williams, the Seventh Circuit noted “psychological stressors such as isolation can be as clinically distressing as physical torture,” and an expert who examined an inmate in one case concluded the inmate “deteriorated to the point of social death as a direct result of his continued isolation.” 848 F.3d at 574 (citing Johnson v. Wetzel, 209 F. Supp. 3d 766, 778–79 (M.D. Pa. 2016)). Thus, to prevent severe long-term mental problems and to preserve the possibility that an inmate will meet behavioral standards and return to general population, he must be provided with opportunities for social interaction. OP 830.A’s failure to do so violates the constitutional requirement and diverges from widely-accepted correctional standards designed to promote the humane treatment of segregated inmates. III. Feasible alternatives exist to solitary confinement.
In reaction to the growing recognition that long-term solitary confinement is dangerous, expensive, and counterproductive, numerous states and the federal government are investigating options to reduce the use of solitary confinement. Efforts at state reforms have been attempted
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both by legislatures and state agencies. See Department of Justice, Report and Recommendations Concerning the Use of Restrictive Housing, 72–77 (Jan. 2016) (noting several States’ self-reported claims to be undertaking reform efforts), https://www.justice.gov/dag/file/815551/ download (last visited June 21, 2017). Colorado and Illinois have closed entire supermax prisons, and Colorado stopped automatically classifying death-sentenced prisoners to solitary confinement.
Voluntary state-level reforms of this sort are increasingly common for at least three reasons. First, solitary confinement is substantially more expensive to administer than general population units. See Mark Cunningham et al., Is Death Row Obsolete? A Decade of Mainstreaming Death-Sentenced Inmates in Missouri, 23 BEHAV. SCI. L. 307, 317 (2005). Texas illustrates the point: in 2002, the average cost to confine an inmate in solitary confinement was 50% more than in the general population. Id.
Second, solitary confinement subjects prisoners to psychologicallydamaging experiences without providing meaningful rehabilitative services. Thus, if inmates attempt to transition from solitary confinement back to general population—or back to the free world—they have lost the ability to connect to other people and are significantly handicapped in
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their attempt to reenter society. Inmates emerge from solitary
confinement units severely damaged and functionally disabled.
Therefore, the recidivism rates of inmates who have endured solitary
confinement are higher than those who remain in general population.8
Third, reduction or elimination of the use of solitary confinement
leads to a reduction in inmate behavior problems. For example,
Mississippi’s prison system experienced an overall reduction in
misconduct and violence system-wide when it drastically reduced the
number of prisoners whom it housed in solitary confinement by
transferring them to mainline prisons.9
In sum, solitary confinement is unnecessary in all but the most
extreme cases. In the majority of situations, solitary confinement does
significantly more harm than good. Therefore, VDOC should mitigate
8 Hearing on Solitary Confinement Before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Right, 112th Cong. 4 (2012) (statement of Craig Haney, Professor of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz) at 15, https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/download/testimony-of-craig-haney-pdf (last visited June 21, 2017). 9 Id. at 16 (citing T. Kupers, T. Dronet et al., Beyond Supermax Administrative Segregation: Mississippi’s Experience Rethinking Prison Classification and Creating Alternative Mental Health Programs, 36 CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 1037–50 (2009)); see also Angela Browne, et al., Prisons Within Prisons: The Use of Segregation in the United States, FEDERAL SENTENCING REPORTER, at 49 (Oct. 2011) (noting in the mid-2000s, Ohio and Mississippi reduced their supermax populations by 89% and 85%, respectively, while decreasing violence and disruption).
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that harm by providing meaningful, regular opportunities for inmates in
solitary confinement to progress out of solitary confinement before
suffering irreversible harm.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, amici respectfully request this Court
reverse the ruling of the District Court and remand for further
consideration. The prolonged use of solitary confinement without the
feasible mitigating factors discussed above raises, at minimum, genuine
issues of material fact whether VDOC and its implementation of OP
830.A have violated Mr. DePaola’s constitutional rights.
NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP By: /s/ Miles E. Coleman
Miles E. Coleman E-Mail: miles.coleman@nelsonmullins.com Nicholas A. Charles E-Mail: nick.charles@nelsonmullins.com 1320 Main Street / 17th Floor Post Office Box 11070 (29211-1070) Columbia, SC 29201 (803) 799-2000 Attorneys for Amici Curiae Columbia, South Carolina June 30, 2017

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
1. This brief complies with the type-volume limitation of Fed. R. App. P. 33.1 because this brief contains 5,648 words, including footnotes, but excluding the parts of the brief exempted by Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(7)(B)(iii).
2. This brief complies with the typeface requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(5) and the type style requirements of Fed. R. App. P. 32(a)(6) because this brief has been prepared in a proportionally spaced typeface using Microsoft Word in 14-point Century Schoolbook font.

June 30, 2017

/s/ Miles E. Coleman Miles E. Coleman

Counsel for Amici Curiae

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on the 30th day of June 2017, I caused the foregoing Brief of Amici Curiae to be filed with the Clerk of the Court using the CM/ECF system, which will then send a notification of such filing to the following:
Trevor S. Cox Matthew R. McGuire Office of the Attorney General Criminal Justice and Public Safety Division 202 N. Ninth Street Richmond, VA 23219 Counsel for Defendants-Appellees
and
Daniel Levin Andrew L. Black Maxwell J. Hyman Luca Winer Alexaida Collet 701 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 (202) 626-3600 Counsel for Plaintiff-Appellant
/s/ Miles E. Coleman Miles E. Coleman
Counsel for Amici Curiae

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UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
APPEARANCE OF COUNSEL FORM
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THE CLERK WILL ENTER MY APPEARANCE IN APPEAL NO. _1_6_-_7_3_5_8_______________________ as

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UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
APPEARANCE OF COUNSEL FORM
BAR ADMISSION & ECF REGISTRATION: If you have not been admitted to practice before the Fourth Circuit, you must complete and return an Application for Admission before filing this form. If you were admitted to practice under a different name than you are now using, you must include your former name when completing this form so that we can locate you on the attorney roll. Electronic filing by counsel is required in all Fourth Circuit cases. If you have not registered as a Fourth Circuit ECF Filer, please complete the required steps at Register for eFiling.

THE CLERK WILL ENTER MY APPEARANCE IN APPEAL NO. _1_6_-_7_3_5_8_______________________ as

[ ]Retained [ ]Court-appointed(CJA) [ ]Court-assigned(non-CJA) [ ]Federal Defender [ ]Pro Bono [ ]Government

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 PRIS,PROSE
U.S. District Court Western District of Virginia (Roanoke) CIVIL DOCKET FOR CASE #: 7:14−cv−00692−JPJ−RSB

DePaola v. Virginia Department of Corrections et al Assigned to: Judge James P. Jones Referred to: Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou Case in other court: USCA, 16−07358 Cause: 42:1983 Prisoner Civil Rights
Plaintiff

Date Filed: 12/19/2014 Date Terminated: 09/28/2016 Jury Demand: None Nature of Suit: 550 Prisoner: Civil Rights Jurisdiction: Federal Question

Eric J. DePaola

represented by Eric J. DePaola 1145137 Red Onion State Prison P.O. Box 1900 Pound, VA 24279 PRO SE

Plaintiff
Denis Rivera TERMINATED: 04/08/2015

Plaintiff
Luis Velazquez TERMINATED: 04/08/2015

V. Defendant Virginia Department of Corrections
Defendant Harold Clarke

represented by John Michael Parsons Office of the Attorney General of Virginia 900 East Main Street Richmond, VA 23219 804−786−0046 Fax: 804−786−4239 Email: jparsons@oag.state.va.us LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Richard Carson Vorhis Office of the Attorney General 900 East Main Street Richmond, VA 23219 804−786−4805 Fax: 804−786−4239 Email: rvorhis@oag.state.va.us LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Defendant David Robinson
Defendant G.K. Washington
Defendant Randall Mathena
Defendant Gregory Holloway
Defendant External Review Team TERMINATED: 05/18/2016 Defendant Dual Treatment Team TERMINATED: 05/18/2016 Defendant Unit Manager Team TERMINATED: 05/18/2016 Defendant Scott Richeson

represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED Richard Carson Vorhis (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons Office of the Attorney General of Virginia

Defendant Malcolm Taylor
Defendant Keith Dawkins
Defendant Dr. Brane
Defendant Jim Parks
Defendant Henry Ponton
Defendant Earl Barksdale
Defendant George Hinkle
Defendant J. Walrath
Defendant I. Hamilton

202 North Ninth Street Richmond, VA 23219 804−786−0046 Fax: 804−786−4239 Email: jparsons@oag.state.va.us LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address)

Defendant T. Puryear
Defendant J. Artrip
Defendant A. Gallihar
Defendant G. Baker
Defendant Michael Younce
Defendant Walter Swiney
Defendant Tori Raiford
Defendant Dwayne Turner
Defendant Stacy Day
Defendant Christopher Gilbert

LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by

Defendant Joe Fannin
Defendant Tony Adams
Defendant G.A. Adams
Defendant K.A. Sykes
Defendant R. Kegley
Defendant B.E. Stallard
Defendant Jackson
Defendant Elisabeth Thornton

John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED
represented by John Michael Parsons (See above for address) LEAD ATTORNEY ATTORNEY TO BE NOTICED

Date Filed 12/19/2014

# Docket Text
1 COMPLAINT pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983 against All Defendants, filed by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez. (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Envelope)(tvt)

12/19/2014
12/31/2014 12/31/2014 12/31/2014 12/31/2014 12/31/2014 12/31/2014 12/31/2014 12/31/2014
12/31/2014 01/05/2015 01/05/2015 01/05/2015 01/05/2015
01/05/2015
01/05/2015
01/14/2015 01/14/2015 01/14/2015 01/14/2015 01/14/2015 02/23/2015 02/23/2015 02/27/2015

2 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983; Advising inmate as to 3 strikes rule of PLRA; Assessing a filing fee; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 12/19/2014. (tvt)
3 Statement of Assets by Eric J. DePaola (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(tvt)
4 Verified Statement with attachments by Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola (tvt)
5 Verified Statement by Plaintiff Denis Rivera (tvt)
6 Statement of Assets by Denis Rivera (tvt)
7 Statement of Assets by Luis Velazquez (tvt)
8 Verified Statement with attachments by Plaintiff Luis Velazquez (tvt)
9 Objections by Plaintiffs Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez re 2 Order Prisoner Conditionally Filed (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter)(tvt)
10 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 2 Order Prisoner Condfil, by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (tvt)
11 ORDER granting 10 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 12/31/2014. (tvt)
12 Inmate Account Report by Eric J. DePaola (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Envelope)(tvt)
13 Inmate Account Report by Denis Rivera (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Envelope)(tvt)
14 Inmate Account Report by Luis Velazquez (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Envelope)(tvt)
15 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action regarding Eric J. DePaola pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 1/5/2015. (tvt)
16 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action regarding DENIS RIVERA pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 1/5/2015. (tvt)
17 Order entered Conditionally Filing this action regarding LUIS VELAZQUEZ pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983 ; Deferring all action in this case; Advising inmate to comply within the allotted time and to notify of changes in address or risk dismissal. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 1/5/2015. (tvt)
18 Consent to Fee by Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola (tvt)
19 Consent to Fee by Plaintiff Denis Rivera (tvt)
20 Consent to Fee by Plaintiff Luis Velazquez (tvt)
21 MOTION to Certify Class by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(tvt)
22 MOTION to Appoint Counsel by Eric J. DePaola, Denis Rivera, Luis Velazquez.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (tvt)
23 Additional Evidence − Grievances by Denis Rivera (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(tvt)
24 Request for Copies by Eric J. DePaola (Clerk sending docket sheet as requested)(tvt)
25 Letter by Eric J. DePaola requesting a copy of document No. 88 Dismissal Order filed in case 7:11−cv−191. Received payment of $1.50 from defendant, and Copy forwarded to defendant on 3/3/15. (eot) (Entered: 03/03/2015)

03/06/2015 03/09/2015 04/08/2015 04/20/2015 04/20/2015 05/05/2015
07/07/2015 07/07/2015 08/04/2015 08/04/2015
08/12/2015 09/09/2015 09/09/2015 09/11/2015 09/21/2015 10/13/2015 10/13/2015
10/14/2015

26 ORDER denying 21 Motion to Certify Class; denying 22 Motion to Appoint Counsel. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 3/6/2015. (tvt)
27 Request for Copies by Denis Rivera (Clerk sending docket sheet as requested)(tvt)
28 ORDER severing this action into three separate civil actions; one for each of the plaintiffs. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 4/8/2015. (slt)
29 Objections by Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola re 28 Order (Attachments: # 1 Cover Letter, # 2 Envelope)(slt)
30 Letter request for docket sheet by Eric J. DePaola. clerk mailed docket sheet this date. (slt)
31 Order to Respond: Any of the plaintiffs who does not wish to pursue his case, raising his individual claims challenging the constitutionality of the segregation classification policy, SHALL submit to the court, within ten days from entry of this order, a Motion for Voluntary Dismissal of his case without prejudice. Responses due by 5/20/2015. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 5/5/2015. (slt)
32 Order entered Directing the Clerk to attempt service of process upon the named defendants. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 7/7/2015. (tvt)
33 REQUEST FOR WAIVER of Service sent to Virginia Department of Corrections, et al on 7/7/2015. Waiver of Service due by 8/6/2015.(tvt)
34 NOTICE of Appearance by John Michael Parsons on behalf of Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington (Parsons, John)
35 WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed by David Robinson, G.K. Washington, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, Virginia Department of Corrections, Harold Clarke. David Robinson waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; G.K. Washington waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; Gregory Holloway waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; Randall Mathena waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; Virginia Department of Corrections waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015; Harold Clarke waiver sent on 7/7/2015, answer due 9/8/2015. (Attachments: # 1 List of Defendants)(Parsons, John)
36 MOTION to Compel Service of Process by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)
37 NOTICE of Appearance by Richard Carson Vorhis on behalf of Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington (Vorhis, Richard)
38 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Vorhis, Richard)
39 ORDER denying 36 Motion to Compel; granting 38 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 9/11/2015. (tvt)
40 INTERROGATORIES Propounded to Virginia Department of Corrections, et al by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)
41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington. (Vorhis, Richard)
42 Brief / Memorandum in Support re 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM . filed by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington. (Vorhis, Richard)
43 Roseboro Notice and Notice to Parties of Right to Consent to Jurisdiction of United States Magistrate Judge re 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM Deadline set for 11/9/2015. (slt)

10/28/2015 10/29/2015 11/13/2015 11/13/2015 11/13/2015 11/18/2015
12/15/2015 12/15/2015 01/11/2016 05/18/2016
05/18/2016 05/18/2016 06/14/2016
06/14/2016

44 MOTION for Protective Order by Harold Clarke, Gregory Holloway, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, Virginia Department of Corrections, G.K. Washington.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Parsons, John)
45 ORDER granting 44 Motion for Protective Order. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 10/29/2015. (tvt)
46 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)
47 Prisoner Miscellaneous Motion for extension of time to serve summons/process on stated defendants by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (slt)
48 Objections by Plaintiff Eric J. DePaola re 45 Order on Motion for Protective Order (slt)
49 ORDER granting 46 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply( Responses due by 12/18/2015); dismissing as moot 47 Motion to serve summonses on additional defendants; plaintiff's objections 48 to the protective order are OVERRULED. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 11/18/2015. (tvt)
50 Brief / Memorandum in Opposition re 41 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM . filed by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)
51 MOTION to Amend/Correct 1 Complaint by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 AMENDED COMPLAINT)(slt)
52 Motion to Supplement Memo in Opposition to Defendants Motion to Dismiss by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Supplemental Memo in Opposition to Defendants Motion to Dismiss, # 2 Exhibit B − C)(tvt)
53 ORDER denying 41 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim; granting 51 Motion to Amend/Correct; denying 52 Prisoner Miscellaneous Motion; the defendants are DIRECTED to file any motion for summary judgment within 60 days from entry of this order. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 5/18/2016. (tvt)
54 AMENDED COMPLAINT against All Defendants, filed by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B and C)(tvt)
55 REQUEST FOR WAIVER of Service sent to Virginia Department of Corrections, et al on 5/18/2016. Waiver of Service due by 6/17/2016.(tvt)
56 NOTICE of Appearance by John Michael Parsons on behalf of G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, R. Kegley, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, Michael Younce (Parsons, John)
57 WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed by R. Kegley, Michael Younce, Christopher Gilbert, Earl Barksdale, Henry Ponton, A. Gallihar, Tori Raiford, J. Walrath, Joe Fannin, Stacy Day, T. Puryear, Dwayne Turner, Brane, Jim Parks, Malcolm Taylor, G. Baker, Walter Swiney, George Hinkle, Scott Richeson, K.A. Sykes, J. Artrip, I. Hamilton, B.E. Stallard, Keith Dawkins, Elisabeth Thornton, G.A. Adams, Tony Adams. R. Kegley waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Michael Younce waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Christopher Gilbert waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Earl Barksdale waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Henry Ponton waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; A. Gallihar waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Tori Raiford waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; J. Walrath waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Joe Fannin waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Stacy Day waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; T. Puryear waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Dwayne Turner waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Brane waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Jim Parks waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Malcolm Taylor waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; G. Baker waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Walter Swiney waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; George

06/16/2016 06/16/2016 06/16/2016 06/22/2016 06/23/2016 06/30/2016 07/08/2016 07/11/2016 07/14/2016 07/14/2016 07/18/2016
07/19/2016 07/28/2016
07/28/2016

Hinkle waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Scott Richeson waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; K.A. Sykes waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; J. Artrip waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; I. Hamilton waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; B.E. Stallard waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Keith Dawkins waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Elisabeth Thornton waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; G.A. Adams waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016; Tony Adams waiver sent on 5/18/2016, answer due 7/18/2016. (Attachments: # 1 List of Defendants)(Parsons, John)
58 Letter from the Office of the Attorney General of Virginia regarding the last known address of defendant Jackson (tvt) (Additional attachment(s) added on 6/16/2016: # 1 Last known address for defendant Jackson) (tvt).
59 REQUEST FOR WAIVER of Service sent to defendant Jackson on 6/16/2016. Waiver of Service due by 7/18/2016.(tvt)
60 Sealed Document− Green Certified Mail Card− sent to Dustin Jackson as address under seal as to Request for Waiver of Service of Summons (tvt)
61 MOTION to Compel re 40 Interrogatories by Eric J. DePaola.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Attachments: # 1 Envelope)(slt)
62 Sealed Document−Green Certified Return Mail card RETURNED / SIGNED by D. Jackson on 6/21/2016 regarding Request of Waiver of Service. (slt)
63 ORDER granting 61 Motion to Compel to the extent that defendants are DIRECTED to respond to the motion and the interrogatories within ten days from the entry of this order. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 6/29/2016. (tvt)
64 RESPONSE to Motion re 61 MOTION to Compel . filed by Harold Clarke, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, G.K. Washington. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit I − Defendants' Response to Plaintiff's First Interrogatories)(Parsons, John)
65 RESPONSE to Motion re 61 MOTION to Compel (Supplemental). filed by Harold Clarke, Randall Mathena, David Robinson, G.K. Washington. (Parsons, John)
66 NOTICE of Appearance by John Michael Parsons on behalf of Jackson (Parsons, John)
67 WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed by Jackson. Jackson waiver sent on 6/16/2016, answer due 8/15/2016.(Parsons, John)
68 MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, Virginia Department of Corrections, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce.Motions referred to Judge Robert S. Ballou. (Parsons, John)
69 ORDER granting 68 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply Responses due by 7/28/2016. Signed by Magistrate Judge Robert S. Ballou on 7/19/2016. (tvt)
70 ANSWER to 54 Amended Complaint by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce.(Parsons, John)
71 MOTION for Summary Judgment by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes,

07/28/2016
07/29/2016 08/22/2016 08/26/2016
09/28/2016
09/28/2016 10/06/2016 10/06/2016
10/06/2016 10/06/2016 10/25/2016 03/30/2017 11/22/2017 11/22/2017 12/14/2017 12/20/2017

Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce. (Parsons, John)
72 Brief / Memorandum in Support re 71 MOTION for Summary Judgment . filed by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 − Affidavit of J. Artrip)(Parsons, John)
73 Roseboro Notice and Notice to Parties of Right to Consent to Jurisdiction of United States Magistrate Judge re 71 MOTION for Summary Judgment as to Eric J. DePaola Deadline set for 8/22/2016. (tvt)
74 RESPONSE in Opposition re 71 MOTION for Summary Judgment . filed by Eric J. DePaola. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration in Opposition of Defendants Motion for Summary Judgment, # 2 Exhibits D − W, # 3 Exhibits 1 − 25, # 4 Envelope)(tvt)
75 SUGGESTION OF DEATH Upon the Record as to Elizabeth Thornton by G.A. Adams, Tony Adams, J. Artrip, G. Baker, Earl Barksdale, Brane, Harold Clarke, Keith Dawkins, Stacy Day, Joe Fannin, A. Gallihar, Christopher Gilbert, I. Hamilton, George Hinkle, Gregory Holloway, Jackson, R. Kegley, Randall Mathena, Jim Parks, Henry Ponton, T. Puryear, Tori Raiford, Scott Richeson, David Robinson, B.E. Stallard, Walter Swiney, K.A. Sykes, Malcolm Taylor, Elisabeth Thornton, Dwayne Turner, Virginia Department of Corrections, J. Walrath, G.K. Washington, Michael Younce (Parsons, John)
76 OPINION & ORDER granting 71 Motion for Summary Judgment; It is also ORDERED that all claims against the Virginia Department of Corrections as a defendant are DISMISSED as legally frivolous. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 9/27/2016. (tvt)
77 JUDGMENT in favor of the defendants. The clerk shall close the case. Signed by Judge James P. Jones on 9/27/2016. (tvt)
78 NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 77 Judgment, 76 Order on Motion for Summary Judgment by Eric J. DePaola. (tvt)
79 Transmittal of Notice of Appeal to 4CCA re 78 Notice of Appeal NOTE: The Docketing Statement and Transcript Order Form are available on the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals website at www.ca4.uscourts.gov. If CJA24 form(s) are applicable, you must submit a separate Auth−24 for each court reporter from whom you wish to order a transcript through the District Court's eVoucher system. (tvt)
Assembled Electronic Record Transmitted to 4CCA re 78 Notice of Appeal (tvt)
80 NOTICE of Docketing Record on Appeal from USCA re 78 Notice of Appeal filed by Eric J. DePaola. USCA Case Number 16−7358 case manager Anisha Walker(tvt)
81 ORDER of USCA grant to proceed without full prepayment of fees as to 78 Notice of Appeal filed by Eric J. DePaola (tvt)
82 USCA Notice of Order assigning counsel (slt)
83 USCA Memorandum Opinion from 4th Circuit re 78 Notice of Appeal Affirmed decided on 11/22/2017 (tvt)
84 USCA JUDGMENT as to 78 Notice of Appeal filed by Eric J. DePaola (tvt)
85 MANDATE of USCA as to 78 Notice of Appeal filed by Eric J. DePaola (sas)
86 PAID−−USCA Appeal Fees received $ 505 receipt number 7−54957 re 78 Notice of Appeal filed by Eric J. DePaola (slt)

 
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 16-7358
ERIC JOSEPH DEPAOLA,
Plaintiff – Appellant,
and
DENIS RIVERA; LUIS VELAZQUEZ,
Plaintiffs,
v.
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS; HAROLD W. CLARKE; DAVID ROBINSON; G. K. WASHINGTON; RANDALL MATHENA; GREGORY HOLLOWAY; SCOTT RICHESON; MALCOLM TAYLOR; KEITH DAWKINS; DR. BRANE; JIM PARKS; HENRY PONTON; EARL BARKSDALE; GEORGE HINKLE; J. WALRATH; I. HAMILTON; T. PURYEAR; J. ARTRIP; A. GALLIHAR; G. BAKER; MICHAEL YOUNCE; WALTER SWINEY; TORI RAIFORD; DWAYNE TURNER; STACY DAY; CHRISTOPHER GILBERT; JOE FANNIN; TONY ADAMS; G. A. ADAMS; K. A. SYKES; R. KEGLEY; B. E. STALLARD; JACKSON; ELIZABETH THORNTON,
Defendants – Appellees,
and
EXTERNAL REVIEW TEAM; DUAL TREATMENT TEAM; UNIT MANAGER TEAM,
Defendants.
------------------------------

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PROFESSORS AND PRACTITIONERS OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND MEDICINE; MARTIN F. HORN, Correctional Expert; TONI V. BAIR, Correctional Expert; NED BENTON, Correctional Expert; ROBERT BROWN, JR., Correctional Expert; KATHLEEN M. DENNEHY, Correctional Expert; BRIAN FISCHER, Correctional Expert; STEVE MARTIN, Correctional Expert; CHASE RIVELAND, Correctional Expert; ELDON VAIL, Correctional Expert; ROGER WERHOLTZ, Correctional Expert; JEANNE WOODFORD, Correctional Expert,
Amici Supporting Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia, at Roanoke. James P. Jones, District Judge. (7:14-cv-00692-JPJ-RSB)

Argued: October 26, 2017

Decided: November 22, 2017

Before NIEMEYER, KING, and FLOYD, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ARGUED: Maxwell J. Hyman, WHITE & CASE, LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. Trevor Stephen Cox, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Daniel Levin, Andrew L. Black, Luca Winer, Alexaida Collet, WHITE & CASE LLP, Washington, D.C., for Appellant. Mark R. Herring, Attorney General of Virginia, Matthew R. McGuire, Assistant Solicitor General, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF VIRGINIA, Richmond, Virginia, for Appellees. Matthew D. Slater, Alexis L. Collins, Phillip L. Hurst, Gypsy M. Moore, CLEARY GOTTLIEB STEEN & HAMILTON LLP, Washington, D.C., for Amicus Professors and Practitioners of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Medicine. Miles E. Coleman, Nicholas A. Charles, NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH, LLP, Columbia, South Carolina, for Amicus Correctional Experts.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM: Eric Joseph DePaola, an inmate at Red Onion State Prison in western Virginia,
appeals from the district court’s judgment in favor of the Virginia Department of Corrections (the “VDOC”) and the other defendants-appellees in this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 civil rights action. Proceeding pro se, DePaola alleged violations of his Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights related to his past and continuing placement in administrative segregation — solitary confinement — where he has been housed for the last eight years and expects to remain for the balance of his thirty-eight-year sentence. DePaola requested monetary damages and injunctive relief to abolish certain VDOC segregation procedures and to alleviate harsh conditions at Red Onion.
Following discovery, the district court dismissed DePaola’s claims against the VDOC as an improper defendant under § 1983. See DePaola v. Va. Dep’t of Corrs., No. 7:14-cv-00692, at 31 n.8 (W.D. Va. Sept. 28, 2016), ECF No. 76 (the “Opinion”). Additionally, the court awarded summary judgment to the other defendants on each of DePaola’s claims, including the claims at issue in this appeal: a Fourteenth Amendment procedural due process claim and an Eighth Amendment conditions of confinement claim. Id. at 31. DePaola timely noted this appeal, and we possess jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
DePaola’s appointed appellate counsel argues that the district court erred in granting summary judgment without allowing DePaola meaningful discovery, and that, in any event, the existing record reflects genuine issues of material fact as to the Fourteenth Amendment due process claim and the Eighth Amendment conditions of confinement
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claim. After carefully assessing the written submissions of the parties and the oral arguments of counsel, we are satisfied to reject DePaola’s discovery contention and to adopt the thorough analysis of the district court with respect to the constitutional claims being appealed. We therefore affirm the judgment on the reasoning of the district court, as explained in its carefully crafted Opinion.
AFFIRMED

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