Task: Class Definition Understanding (ontology: Arts_Media_Entertainment/CIDOC_CRM)

Which of the following definitions best describes 'E55 Type'?

A. Scope note:
This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. 
This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of the concept. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of the concept.

Examples:
- Maxwell’s Equations (Ball, 1962)
- the ideational contents of Aristotle’s book entitled ‘Metaphysics’ as rendered in the Greek texts translated in Oxford edition
- the underlying prototype of any “no-smoking” sign (E36)
- the common ideas of the plots of the movie “The Seven Samurai” by Akira Kurosawa and the movie “The Magnificent Seven” by John Sturges (Mellen, 2002)
- the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E36)
- the character “Little Red Riding Hood”, variants of which appear amongst others in Grimm brothers’ “Rotkäppchen”, other oral fairy tales and the film “Hoodwinked”
- the place “Havnor” as invented by Ursula K. Le Guin for her “Earthsea” book series, the related maps and appearing in derivative works based on these novels

In First Order Logic:
- E89(x) ⇒ E28(x)
B. Scope note:
This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of the concept represent concepts, in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. 
the concept provides an interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of the concept, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of the concept linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): the concept. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.

Examples:
- weight, length, depth [types for instances of E54 Dimension]
- portrait, sketch, animation [types for instances of E36 Visual Item]
- French, English, German [types for instances of E56 Language]
- excellent, good, poor [types for instances of E3 Condition State]
- Ford Model T, chop stick [types for instances of E22 Human-Made Object]
- cave, doline, scratch [types for instances of E26 Physical Feature]
- poem, short story [types for instances of E33 Linguistic Object]
- wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types for instances of E5 Event]

In First Order Logic:
- E55(x) ⇒ E28(x)
C. Scope note:
This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts.
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of the concept, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”.
It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of the concept, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions.

Examples:
- ell [Greek] 
- eng [English] 
- epo [Esperanto] 
- spa [Spanish] 
- fra [French]

In First Order Logic:
- E56(x) ⇒ E55(x)
D. Scope note:
This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc. 
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of the concept, e.g. “instances of cm”.
Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible, such as those defined by ISO80000:2009. Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.

Examples:
- cm [centimetre]
- km [kilometre]
- m [metre]
- m/s [metres per second] (Hau et al., 1999)
- A [ampere]
- GRD [Greek Drachma] (E98) (Daniel, 2014)
- C [degrees centigrade] (Beckman, 1998)

In First Order Logic:
- E58(x) ⇒ E55(x)

Answer: Scope note:
This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of the concept represent concepts, in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. 
the concept provides an interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of the concept, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of the concept linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): the concept. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.

Examples:
- weight, length, depth [types for instances of E54 Dimension]
- portrait, sketch, animation [types for instances of E36 Visual Item]
- French, English, German [types for instances of E56 Language]
- excellent, good, poor [types for instances of E3 Condition State]
- Ford Model T, chop stick [types for instances of E22 Human-Made Object]
- cave, doline, scratch [types for instances of E26 Physical Feature]
- poem, short story [types for instances of E33 Linguistic Object]
- wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types for instances of E5 Event]

In First Order Logic:
- E55(x) ⇒ E28(x)