Task: Class Definition Understanding (ontology: Arts_Media_Entertainment/CIDOC_CRM)

Which of the following definitions best describes 'E39 Actor'?

A. Scope note:
This general class comprises discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units, that either consist of matter or depend on being carried by matter and are characterized by relative stability. 
They may be intellectual products or physical things. They may, for instance, have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be a logical concept or structure.

Examples:
- my photograph collection (E78) (fictitious)
- the bottle of milk in my refrigerator (E22) (fictitious)
- the Riss A1 plan of the Straßburger Münster (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg) (E29) (Liess, R., 1985)
- the the concept on the top of Otto Hahn’s desk (E19)
- the form of the no-smoking sign (E36)
- the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (E26) (Psimenos, 2005)

In First Order Logic:
- E70(x) ⇒ E77(x)
B. Scope note:
This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which they can be held responsible.

Examples:
- London and Continental Railways (E74)
- the Governor of the Bank of England in 1975 (E21)
- Sir Ian McKellen (E21) (Gibson, 1986)

In First Order Logic:
- E39(x) ⇒ E77(x)
C. Scope note:
This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of human individuals or groups that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. In such cases, it may happen that the the concept never had more than one member. A joint pseudonym (i.e. a name that seems indicative of an individual but that is actually used as a persona by two or more people) is a particular case of the concept.
A gathering of people becomes an instance of the concept when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modelled as membership in an instance of the concept. Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of the concept.

Examples:
- the Impressionists (Wilson, 1994)
- the Navajo (Correll, 1972)
- the Greeks (Williams, 1993)
- the peace protestors in New York City on 15(th) February 2003
- Exxon-Mobil (Raymond, 2006)
- King Solomon and his wives (Thieberger, 1947)
- the President of the Swiss Confederation
- Nicolas Bourbaki [the collective pseudonym of a the concept of mathematicians, predominantly French alumni of the École normale supérieure] (Aczel, 2007)
- Betty Crocker (Crocker, 2012)
- Ellery Queen [Ellery Queen is a pseudonym created in 1929 by American crime fiction writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee.] (Wheat, 2005)
- Greenpeace
- Paveprime Ltd
- the National Museum of Denmark

In First Order Logic:
- E74(x) ⇒ E39(x)
D. Scope note:
This class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless of their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of the concept, E53 Place, and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of the concept. An instance of the concept is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of the concept is its projection on time.

Examples:
- the extent in space and time of the Event of Caesar’s murder (Irwin, 1935)
- where and when the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 took place (Kouwenhoven, 1997)
- the spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Victory from its building to its actual location (Goodwin, 2015)
- the extent in space and time defined by a polygon approximating the Danube river flood in Austria between 6(th) and 9(th) August 2002

In First Order Logic:
- E92(x) ⇒ E1(x)

Answer: Scope note:
This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which they can be held responsible.

Examples:
- London and Continental Railways (E74)
- the Governor of the Bank of England in 1975 (E21)
- Sir Ian McKellen (E21) (Gibson, 1986)

In First Order Logic:
- E39(x) ⇒ E77(x)