Task: Class Definition Understanding (ontology: Arts_Media_Entertainment/CIDOC_CRM)

Which of the following definitions best describes 'E31 Document'?

A. Scope note:
This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form, or contents. In particular, it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in new instances of E71 Human-Made Thing or for shaping or guiding the execution of an instance of E7 Activity.
Instances of the concept can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others.
This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with): the concept.
Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following:
1. A schema for the activities it describes
2. A schema of the products that result from their application
3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines
Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CIDOC CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.

Examples:
- the ISO standardisation procedure
- the musical notation for Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy” (Kershaw, 1999)
- the architectural drawings for the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral) in Cologne, Germany (Wolff, 1999)
- the drawing found on Folio 860 of the Codex Atlanticus from Leonardo da Vinci, 1486 to 1490, kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan

In First Order Logic:
- E29(x) ⇒ E73(x)
B. Scope note:
This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. 
Instances of the concept can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of the concept independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of the concept by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object.
In general, an instance of the concept may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of the concept can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. 
In other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of the concept may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity.

Examples:
- the text of the Ellesmere Chaucer manuscript (Hilmo, 2019)
- the lyrics of the song “Blue Suede Shoes” (Cooper, 2008)
- the text of the “Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll (Carroll, 1981)
- the text of “Doktoro Jekyll kaj Sinjoro Hyde” [an Esperanto translation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]. (Stevenson, Morrison and Mann, 1909)
- the free dialog in the local dialect recorded in 1958, Telemark, Norway stored on tape or.7-89.s1 (00.15:46-00:34), The Language Collection at the University Library in Bergen, Norway (verified on 2020)

In First Order Logic:
- E33(x) ⇒ E73(x)
C. Scope note:
This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality.
These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms, or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as instances of the concept. This class should not be confused with the concept “the concept” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.

Examples:
- the Encyclopaedia Britannica (E32) (Kogan, 1958)
- the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E36)
- Domesday Book [a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror] (Hallam 1986)

In First Order Logic:
- E31(x) ⇒ E73(x)
D. Scope note:
This class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use.

Examples:
- Webster's Dictionary (Herbert, 1994)
- Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty Trust, 1990)
- the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (Gergatsoulis et al., 2010)

In First Order Logic:
- E32(x) ⇒ E31(x)

Answer: Scope note:
This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality.
These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms, or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as instances of the concept. This class should not be confused with the concept “the concept” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.

Examples:
- the Encyclopaedia Britannica (E32) (Kogan, 1958)
- the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E36)
- Domesday Book [a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror] (Hallam 1986)

In First Order Logic:
- E31(x) ⇒ E73(x)