Task: Class Definition Understanding (ontology: Arts_Media_Entertainment/CIDOC_CRM)

Which of the following definitions best describes 'E21 Person'?

A. Scope note:
This class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. 
The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen.

Examples:
- the Rosetta Stone (E22)
- LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard [the World’s fastest steam locomotive, preserved at the National Railway Museum of York, UK] (Solomon, 2003)
- the Portland Vase (Walker, 2004)

In First Order Logic:
- E22(x) ⇒ E19(x)
- E22(x) ⇒ E24(x)
B. Scope note:
This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. 
Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CIDOC CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity.
In a bibliographic context, a name presented following the conventions usually employed for personal names will be assumed to correspond to an actual real the concept (an instance of the concept), unless evidence is available to indicate that this is not the case. The fact that a persona may erroneously be classified as an instance of the concept does not imply that the concept comprises personae.

Examples:
- Tut-Ankh-Amun (Edwards and Boltin, 1979)
- Nelson Mandela (Brown and Hort, 2006)

In First Order Logic:
- E21(x) ⇒ E20(x)
- E21(x) ⇒ E39(x)
C. Scope note:
This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts.
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of the concept, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”.
It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of the concept, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions.

Examples:
- ell [Greek] 
- eng [English] 
- epo [Esperanto] 
- spa [Spanish] 
- fra [French]

In First Order Logic:
- E56(x) ⇒ E55(x)
D. Scope note:
This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. Postal addresses, telephone numbers, URLs and e-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients.
The class the concept is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents.

Examples:
- “MM.GE.195”
- “13.45.1976”
- “OXCMS: 1997.4.1” (fictitious)
- “ISSN 0041-5278” [the concept for “The UNESCO Courier (Print)”]
- ISRC “FIFIN8900186” [the concept for : Kraft (29 min 14 s) / Magnus Lindberg, comp. ; Toimii Ensemble ; Swedish Radio symphony orchestra ; Esa-Pekka Salonen, dir.]
- Shelf mark “Res 8 P 10” 
- “Guillaume de Machaut (1300?-1377)” [a controlled personal name heading that follows the French rules] (Reaney, 1974)
- “+41 22 418 5571”
- “ weasel@paveprime.com”
- “Rue David Dufour 5, CH-1211, Genève”
- “1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan”

In First Order Logic:
- E42(x) ⇒ E41(x)

Answer: Scope note:
This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. 
Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CIDOC CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity.
In a bibliographic context, a name presented following the conventions usually employed for personal names will be assumed to correspond to an actual real the concept (an instance of the concept), unless evidence is available to indicate that this is not the case. The fact that a persona may erroneously be classified as an instance of the concept does not imply that the concept comprises personae.

Examples:
- Tut-Ankh-Amun (Edwards and Boltin, 1979)
- Nelson Mandela (Brown and Hort, 2006)

In First Order Logic:
- E21(x) ⇒ E20(x)
- E21(x) ⇒ E39(x)