following the breakup of the soviet union and specifically yugoslavia in NUMBER_TOKEN republic of bosnia and herzegovina passed a referendum for independence the referendum was boycotted by ethnic serbs living in bosnia who made up about a third of the population a plurality of the population where ethnic bosniaks and a substantial minority were ethnic croats bosnian serbs and yugoslav security forces rejected the referendum and this precipitated in the bosnian war starting in NUMBER_TOKEN the war received widespread media attention with the siege of sarajevo which lasted from NUMBER_TOKEN until NUMBER_TOKEN the longest siege of a capital city in modern history and the NUMBER_TOKEN srey benitsa massacre when more than eight thousand bosniak civilians were killed in the town of srebrenica by bosniak's serb forces under the command of ratko mladic a minimum of NUMBER_TOKEN NUMBER_TOKEN bosnians were killed in the war according to data from the sarajevo based research and documentation center and the sui benitsa massacre was later ruled a genocide by the international criminal tribunal and the international court of justice after the srey bernitsa massacre which occurred in a nato designated safe zone nato started a sustained bombing campaign against the serbian army of republic serpska which resulted in the dayton agreement in NUMBER_TOKEN. the dayton agreement created a single sovereign state known as bosnia and herzegovina split into two parts the largely serb-populated republic serpska and mainly croat bosniak populated federation of bosnia and herzegovina while dayton has been criticized for being a bit ad hoc and short-termist it did stop the violence and in this sense it was a success so these are the two interventions that are generally considered relatively successful so let's get on to the unsuccessful ones before we do afghanistan let's start with somalia after the fall of siad bari's government in NUMBER_TOKEN somalia descended into a civil war between four factions the united somali congress the somali salvation democratic front the somali patriotic movement and the somali democratic movement this war led to the destruction of somalia's agriculture causing a regional famine the international community tried to send food supplies to halt starvation but about NUMBER_TOKEN percent of the food was stolen by local clan leaders and traded for military supplies an estimated NUMBER_TOKEN NUMBER_TOKEN people died of starvation between NUMBER_TOKEN and NUMBER_TOKEN with another NUMBER_TOKEN million more suffering non-lethal malnutrition in response the un and u.s sent troops in to stabilize the region and tried to negotiate peace between the various factions the efforts were scuppered by mohammed farah adid originally the leader of the usc and the then leader of the somali national alliance who refused any ceasefire in june NUMBER_TOKEN adid's forces attacked a group of mostly pakistani peacekeepers which caused the un to pass resolution NUMBER_TOKEN for the arrest and prosecution of the persons responsible including adid on july the NUMBER_TOKENth u.s forces attacked a house in mogadishu
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