of the families living in the NUMBER_TOKEN wards beneath the yakatas were adjudicated and planned sadly the good times didn't last for very long sinsunsen was founded around the year NUMBER_TOKEN but was abandoned somewhere around NUMBER_TOKEN after spanish conquistador nuno de guzman captured and killed king tangashwan ii this video might seem a little inca heavy but that's only because there are so many incredible ancient inca artifacts and monuments to look at as an example here's the inca cave temple of the moon the unusual ceremonial site was carved directly into the rocky face of a cave not far from the world famous ancient city of machu picchu the entrance is shaped like a massive altar NUMBER_TOKEN feet high and NUMBER_TOKEN feet wide beneath the cave is a series of niches in the rock some of which include fake stone doors the purpose of the doors has never been explained although their meaning is generally thought to have been symbolic historians think that the three stories of the cave represent the three planes of existence that the inca believed in there's the hananpacha which is the inca equivalent of heaven the ke pacha which is earth and the ukju-pacha which is the underworld each plane is represented in the caves by a carving of an animal a condor for heaven a puma for earth and a snake for the underworld nobody knows how the cave got its name there's no evidence that the moon was ever worshipped here the inner chambers of the cave are fully illuminated when the moon is full but that appears to be by accident rather than design the nature of what happened inside these caves is unknown transfer your attention to cusco the former inca capital in peru and you'll find kenko this rock-cut complex is an even more impressive architectural accomplishment than the cave temple of the moon kenko is actually a cluster of several rock-cut huaca structures including kenko grande and kenkochiko dating stone monuments is never easy for scientists but they think the bulk of the work was most likely done during the reign of pachacuti inca yupanqui in the NUMBER_TOKENth century he was the ruler who turned cusco into the inca empire and the creation of kenko might have been an expression of his strength and influence the site also comes with a plaza and in that plaza is an impressive imperial cusco wall with NUMBER_TOKEN niches carved into it it's been speculated but not proven that each of the niches was a seat for one of the empire's social elite alternatively ancestral mummies might have been positioned here during ceremonies inca tradition holds that the very first members of their race emerged from the caves so caves became important focal points for ritual activities again though the nature of those rituals is a secret that's been lost to time there's one kind of graffiti that appears more often than any other kind all over the world and that's drawings of male genitalia from bus stops to school desks you'll find phallic images scrawled across everything everywhere you go this body habit isn't new in fact it's a habit as old as humanity itself we know it was already commonplace by the time of the ancient romans because they left carvings of genitalia all over hadrian's wall in england the NUMBER_TOKEN mile long wall was built in the early second century archaeologists
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