not get rid of that idea from your head once and for all just it's not a moment of creation the big bang is a theory on the evolution of the universe it's history from the earliest moments to now and that model and our physics takes us all the way back to NUMBER_TOKEN to the minus NUMBER_TOKEN seconds that's a naught point and then NUMBER_TOKEN more notes and then a one seconds earlier than that um we don't have any model or theory that can explain what's going on at all because the temperatures and energies densities and forces are all so high that at that point gravity becomes as strong as the strong force the force that binds together atoms and protons and neutrons so to describe that weird and wonderful world you need a theory of quantum gravity in fact you need a grand unified theory affectionately known as gut that combines the four forces gravity electromagnetism the strong and the weak force with quantum physics that doesn't exist no one's figured it out yet and it's why we don't have any idea of what happens to this singularity at t equals zero because before NUMBER_TOKEN to the minus NUMBER_TOKEN seconds we have no way of describing it because general relativity which is usually what we'd use to describe singularities completely breaks down so we can't ever really compare the big bang singularity and white horse singularities hence why penrose listed them separately in his paper all the way back from NUMBER_TOKEN. now there are models or theories that try and explain you know what ignited or seeded the expansion of the universe like in the first place but the problem with these is you can't prove one over the other because whatever process they come up with it has to leave some form of imprint on the universe that we can observe today in order to be able to say it's that one over the other one you know something in like galaxy positions or the cosmic microwave background you know some ripple that's left over from whatever started the expansion that we can then test for without that though and without some grand unified theory of quantum gravity you know all of this just becomes complete and utter speculation and speculation can lead you down some very weird and wonderful rabbit holes of thought and questioning so instead of asking things like you know is the big bang a white hole you actually find people asking now and work in this sort of very theoretical area of physics asking questions like do all black holes contain other universes entirely before we get to the bloopers i want to say a huge thank you to this week's video sponsor brilliant the problem with big questions like is the big bang a white hole it's just the sheer amount of background knowledge you need to be able to even understand how to answer that question you know on like cosmology general relativity even basic math stuff like calculus as well but if you want to dive into this stuff where do you even start well brilliant is a website and an app that allows you to do just that with courses on a huge range of science and math topics that are interactive and get you to learn by doing i think that's the best way to learn honestly and if you've been here a while now you'll have heard me wax lyrical about brilliant before but what impresses me most about them is the effort that they've put into actually upping that level of interactivity on their courses even more so why not dive into their astrophysics course today especially their
START_SPONSOR_TOKEN before we get to the bloopers i want to say a huge thank you to this week's video sponsor brilliant the problem with big questions like is the big bang a white hole it's just the sheer amount of background knowledge you need to be able to even understand how to answer that question you know on like cosmology general relativity even basic math stuff like calculus as well but if you want to dive into this stuff where do you even start well brilliant is a website and an app that allows you to do just that with courses on a huge range of science and math topics that are interactive and get you to learn by doing i think that's the best way to learn honestly and if you've been here a while now you'll have heard me wax lyrical about brilliant before but what impresses me most about them is the effort that they've put into actually upping that level of interactivity on their courses even more so why not dive into their astrophysics course today especially their END_SPONSOR_TOKEN