Task: Abbreviations, easy


C++: #include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

const char* command_table =
  "Add ALTer  BAckup Bottom  CAppend Change SCHANGE  CInsert CLAst COMPress COpy "
  "COUnt COVerlay CURsor DELete CDelete Down DUPlicate Xedit EXPand EXTract Find "
  "NFind NFINDUp NFUp CFind FINdup FUp FOrward GET Help HEXType Input POWerinput "
  "Join SPlit SPLTJOIN  LOAD  Locate CLocate  LOWercase UPPercase  LPrefix MACRO "
  "MErge MODify MOve MSG Next Overlay PARSE PREServe PURge PUT PUTD  Query  QUIT "
  "READ  RECover REFRESH RENum REPeat  Replace CReplace  RESet  RESTore  RGTLEFT "
  "RIght LEft  SAVE  SET SHift SI  SORT  SOS  STAck STATus  TOP TRAnsfer Type Up";

class command {
public:
    command(const std::string&, size_t);
    const std::string& cmd() const { return cmd_; }
    size_t min_length() const { return min_len_; }
    bool match(const std::string&) const;
private:
    std::string cmd_;
    size_t min_len_;
};


command::command(const std::string& cmd, size_t min_len)
    : cmd_(cmd), min_len_(min_len) {}


bool command::match(const std::string& str) const {
    size_t olen = str.length();
    return olen >= min_len_ && olen <= cmd_.length()
        && cmd_.compare(0, olen, str) == 0;
}


void uppercase(std::string& str) {
    std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(),
        [](unsigned char c) -> unsigned char { return std::toupper(c); });
}

size_t get_min_length(const std::string& str) {
    size_t len = 0, n = str.length();
    while (len < n && std::isupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[len])))
        ++len;
    return len;
}

class command_list {
public:
    explicit command_list(const char*);
    const command* find_command(const std::string&) const;
private:
    std::vector<command> commands_;
};

command_list::command_list(const char* table) {
    std::vector<command> commands;
    std::istringstream is(table);
    std::string word;
    while (is >> word) {
        
        size_t len = get_min_length(word);
        
        uppercase(word);
        commands_.push_back(command(word, len));
    }
}

const command* command_list::find_command(const std::string& word) const {
    auto iter = std::find_if(commands_.begin(), commands_.end(),
        [&word](const command& cmd) { return cmd.match(word); });
    return (iter != commands_.end()) ? &*iter : nullptr;
}

std::string test(const command_list& commands, const std::string& input) {
    std::string output;
    std::istringstream is(input);
    std::string word;
    while (is >> word) {
        if (!output.empty())
            output += ' ';
        uppercase(word);
        const command* cmd_ptr = commands.find_command(word);
        if (cmd_ptr)
            output += cmd_ptr->cmd();
        else
            output += "*error*";
    }
    return output;
}

int main() {
    command_list commands(command_table);
    std::string input("riG   rePEAT copies  put mo   rest    types   fup.    6       poweRin");
    std::string output(test(commands, input));
    std::cout << " input: " << input << '\n';
    std::cout << "output: " << output << '\n';
    return 0;
}





PHP: 
$commands = 'Add ALTer  BAckup Bottom  CAppend Change SCHANGE  CInsert CLAst COMPress COpy
   COUnt COVerlay CURsor DELete CDelete Down DUPlicate Xedit EXPand EXTract Find
   NFind NFINDUp NFUp CFind FINdup FUp FOrward GET Help HEXType Input POWerinput
   Join SPlit SPLTJOIN  LOAD  Locate CLocate  LOWercase UPPercase  LPrefix MACRO
   MErge MODify MOve MSG Next Overlay PARSE PREServe PURge PUT PUTD  Query  QUIT
   READ  RECover REFRESH RENum REPeat  Replace CReplace  RESet  RESTore  RGTLEFT
   RIght LEft  SAVE  SET SHift SI  SORT  SOS  STAck STATus  TOP TRAnsfer Type Up';

$input = 'riG   rePEAT copies  put mo   rest    types   fup.    6       poweRin';
$expect = 'RIGHT REPEAT *error* PUT MOVE RESTORE *error* *error* *error* POWERINPUT';
$table = makeCommandTable($commands);
$table_keys = array_keys($table);

$inputTable = processInput($input);

foreach ($inputTable as $word) {
    $rs = searchCommandTable($word, $table);
    if ($rs) {
        $output[] = $rs;
    } else {
        $output[] = '*error*';
    }

}
echo 'Input: '. $input. PHP_EOL;
echo 'Output: '. implode(' ', $output). PHP_EOL;

function searchCommandTable($search, $table) {
    foreach ($table as $key => $value) {
        if ((strtoupper(substr($value['word'], 0, strlen($search))) === strtoupper($search)) && (strlen($search) >= $value['min_length'])) {
            return $key;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

function processInput($input) {
    $input = preg_replace('!\s+!', ' ', $input);
    $pieces = explode(' ', trim($input));
    return $pieces;
}

function makeCommandTable($commands) {
    $commands = preg_replace('!\s+!', ' ', $commands);
    $pieces = explode(' ', trim($commands));
    foreach ($pieces as $word) {
        $rs[strtoupper($word)] = ['word'=>$word, 'min_length' => preg_match_all("/[A-Z]/", $word)];
    }
    return $rs;
}