Task: Cramer's rule



C#: using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;

public static class CramersRule
{
    public static void Main() {
        var equations = new [] {
            new [] { 2, -1,  5,  1,  -3 },
            new [] { 3,  2,  2, -6, -32 },
            new [] { 1,  3,  3, -1, -47 },
            new [] { 5, -2, -3,  3,  49 }
        };
        var solution = SolveCramer(equations);
        Console.WriteLine(solution.DelimitWith(", "));
    }

    public static int[] SolveCramer(int[][] equations) {
        int size = equations.Length;
        if (equations.Any(eq => eq.Length != size + 1)) throw new ArgumentException($"Each equation must have {size+1} terms.");
        int[,] matrix = new int[size, size];
        int[] column = new int[size];
        for (int r = 0; r < size; r++) {
            column[r] = equations[r][size];
            for (int c = 0; c < size; c++) {
                matrix[r, c] = equations[r][c];
            }
        }
        return Solve(new SubMatrix(matrix, column));
    }

    private static int[] Solve(SubMatrix matrix) {
        int det = matrix.Det();
        if (det == 0) throw new ArgumentException("The determinant is zero.");

        int[] answer = new int[matrix.Size];
        for (int i = 0; i < matrix.Size; i++) {
            matrix.ColumnIndex = i;
            answer[i] = matrix.Det() / det;
        }
        return answer;
    }

    
    static string DelimitWith<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, string separator = " ") =>
        string.Join(separator ?? " ", source ?? Empty<T>());

    private class SubMatrix
    {
        private int[,] source;
        private SubMatrix prev;
        private int[] replaceColumn;

        public SubMatrix(int[,] source, int[] replaceColumn) {
            this.source = source;
            this.replaceColumn = replaceColumn;
            this.prev = null;
            this.ColumnIndex = -1;
            Size = replaceColumn.Length;
        }

        private SubMatrix(SubMatrix prev, int deletedColumnIndex = -1) {
            this.source = null;
            this.prev = prev;
            this.ColumnIndex = deletedColumnIndex;
            Size = prev.Size - 1;
        }

        public int ColumnIndex { get; set; }
        public int Size { get; }

        public int this[int row, int column] {
            get {
                if (source != null) return column == ColumnIndex ? replaceColumn[row] : source[row, column];
                return prev[row + 1, column < ColumnIndex ? column : column + 1];
            }
        }

        public int Det() {
            if (Size == 1) return this[0, 0];
            if (Size == 2) return this[0, 0] * this[1, 1] - this[0, 1] * this[1, 0];
            SubMatrix m = new SubMatrix(this);
            int det = 0;
            int sign = 1;
            for (int c = 0; c < Size; c++) {
                m.ColumnIndex = c;
                int d = m.Det();
                det += this[0, c] * d * sign;
                sign = -sign;
            }
            return det;
        }

        public void Print() {
            for (int r = 0; r < Size; r++) {
                Console.WriteLine(Range(0, Size).Select(c => this[r, c]).DelimitWith(", "));
            }
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }

}



Java: import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class CramersRule {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Matrix mat = new Matrix(Arrays.asList(2d, -1d, 5d, 1d), 
                                Arrays.asList(3d, 2d, 2d, -6d), 
                                Arrays.asList(1d, 3d, 3d, -1d),
                                Arrays.asList(5d, -2d, -3d, 3d));
        List<Double> b = Arrays.asList(-3d, -32d, -47d, 49d);
        System.out.println("Solution = " + cramersRule(mat, b));
    }
    
    private static List<Double> cramersRule(Matrix matrix, List<Double> b) {
        double denominator = matrix.determinant();
        List<Double> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for ( int i = 0 ; i < b.size() ; i++ ) {
            result.add(matrix.replaceColumn(b, i).determinant() / denominator);
        }
        return result;
    }
        
    private static class Matrix {
        
        private List<List<Double>> matrix;
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return matrix.toString();
        }
        
        @SafeVarargs
        public Matrix(List<Double> ... lists) {
            matrix = new ArrayList<>();
            for ( List<Double> list : lists) {
                matrix.add(list);
            }
        }
        
        public Matrix(List<List<Double>> mat) {
            matrix = mat;
        }
        
        public double determinant() {
            if ( matrix.size() == 1 ) {
                return get(0, 0);
            }
            if ( matrix.size() == 2 ) {
                return get(0, 0) * get(1, 1) - get(0, 1) * get(1, 0);
            }
            double sum = 0;
            double sign = 1;
            for ( int i = 0 ; i < matrix.size() ; i++ ) {
                sum += sign * get(0, i) * coFactor(0, i).determinant();
                sign *= -1;
            }
            return sum;
        }
        
        private Matrix coFactor(int row, int col) {
            List<List<Double>> mat = new ArrayList<>();
            for ( int i = 0 ; i < matrix.size() ; i++ ) {
                if ( i == row ) {
                    continue;
                }
                List<Double> list = new ArrayList<>();
                for ( int j = 0 ; j < matrix.size() ; j++ ) {
                    if ( j == col ) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    list.add(get(i, j));
                }
                mat.add(list);
            }
            return new Matrix(mat);
        }

        private Matrix replaceColumn(List<Double> b, int column) {
            List<List<Double>> mat = new ArrayList<>();
            for ( int row = 0 ; row < matrix.size() ; row++ ) {
                List<Double> list = new ArrayList<>();
                for ( int col = 0 ; col < matrix.size() ; col++ ) {
                    double value = get(row, col);
                    if ( col == column ) {
                        value = b.get(row);
                    }
                    list.add(value);
                }
                mat.add(list);
            }
            return new Matrix(mat);
        }

        private double get(int row, int col) {
            return matrix.get(row).get(col);
        }
        
    }

}