Task: Balanced ternary




Go: package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)




type bt []int8







func btString(s string) (*bt, bool) {
    s = strings.TrimLeft(s, "0")
    b := make(bt, len(s))
    for i, last := 0, len(s)-1; i < len(s); i++ {
        switch s[i] {
        case '-':
            b[last-i] = -1
        case '0':
            b[last-i] = 0
        case '+':
            b[last-i] = 1
        default:
            return nil, false
        }
    }
    return &b, true
}



func (b bt) String() string {
    if len(b) == 0 {
        return "0"
    }
    last := len(b) - 1
    r := make([]byte, len(b))
    for i, d := range b {
        r[last-i] = "-0+"[d+1]
    }
    return string(r)
}





func btInt(i int) *bt {
    if i == 0 {
        return new(bt)
    }
    var b bt
    var btDigit func(int)
    btDigit = func(digit int) {
        m := int8(i % 3)
        i /= 3
        switch m {
        case 2:
            m = -1
            i++
        case -2:
            m = 1
            i--
        }
        if i == 0 {
            b = make(bt, digit+1)
        } else {
            btDigit(digit + 1)
        }
        b[digit] = m
    }
    btDigit(0)
    return &b
}





func (b bt) Int() (r int, ok bool) {
    pt := 1
    for _, d := range b {
        dp := int(d) * pt
        neg := r < 0
        r += dp
        if neg {
            if r > dp {
                return 0, false
            }
        } else {
            if r < dp {
                return 0, false
            }
        }
        pt *= 3
    }
    return r, true
}


    
func (z *bt) Neg(b *bt) *bt {
    if z != b {
        if cap(*z) < len(*b) {
            *z = make(bt, len(*b))
        } else {
            *z = (*z)[:len(*b)]
        } 
    }
    for i, d := range *b {
        (*z)[i] = -d
    }
    return z 
}

func (z *bt) Add(a, b *bt) *bt {
    if len(*a) < len(*b) {
        a, b = b, a
    }
    r := *z
    r = r[:cap(r)]
    var carry int8 
    for i, da := range *a {
        if i == len(r) {
            n := make(bt, len(*a)+4)
            copy(n, r)
            r = n
        }
        sum := da + carry
        if i < len(*b) {
            sum += (*b)[i]
        }
        carry = sum / 3
        sum %= 3
        switch {
        case sum > 1:
            sum -= 3
            carry++
        case sum < -1:
            sum += 3
            carry--
        } 
        r[i] = sum 
    }
    last := len(*a)
    if carry != 0 {
        if len(r) == last {
            n := make(bt, last+4)
            copy(n, r)
            r = n
        }
        r[last] = carry
        *z = r[:last+1]
        return z
    }
    for {
        if last == 0 {
            *z = nil
            break
        }
        last--
        if r[last] != 0 {
            *z = r[:last+1]
            break
        }
    }
    return z
}

func (z *bt) Mul(a, b *bt) *bt {
    if len(*a) < len(*b) {
        a, b = b, a
    }
    var na bt
    for _, d := range *b {
        if d == -1 {
            na.Neg(a)
            break
        }
    }
    r := make(bt, len(*a)+len(*b))
    for i := len(*b) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
        switch (*b)[i] {
        case 1:
            p := r[i:]
            p.Add(&p, a)
        case -1:
            p := r[i:]
            p.Add(&p, &na)
        }
    }
    i := len(r)
    for i > 0 && r[i-1] == 0 {
        i--
    }
    *z = r[:i]
    return z
}

func main() {
    a, _ := btString("+-0++0+")
    b := btInt(-436)
    c, _ := btString("+-++-")
    show("a:", a) 
    show("b:", b)
    show("c:", c)
    show("a(b-c):", a.Mul(a, b.Add(b, c.Neg(c))))
}   

func show(label string, b *bt) {
    fmt.Printf("%7s %12v ", label, b)
    if i, ok := b.Int(); ok {
        fmt.Printf("%7d\n", i)
    } else {
        fmt.Println("int overflow")
    }
}




Python: class BalancedTernary:
    

    str2dig = {'+': 1, '-': -1, '0': 0} 
    dig2str = {1: '+', -1: '-', 0: '0'} 
    table = ((0, -1), (1, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (-1, 1), (0, 1)) 

    def __init__(self, inp):
        if isinstance(inp, str):
            self.digits = [BalancedTernary.str2dig[c] for c in reversed(inp)]
        elif isinstance(inp, int):
            self.digits = self._int2ternary(inp)
        elif isinstance(inp, BalancedTernary):
            self.digits = list(inp.digits)
        elif isinstance(inp, list):
            if all(d in (0, 1, -1) for d in inp):
                self.digits = list(inp)
            else:
                raise ValueError("BalancedTernary: Wrong input digits.")
        else:
            raise TypeError("BalancedTernary: Wrong constructor input.")

    @staticmethod
    def _int2ternary(n):
        if n == 0: return []
        if (n % 3) == 0: return [0] + BalancedTernary._int2ternary(n // 3)
        if (n % 3) == 1: return [1] + BalancedTernary._int2ternary(n // 3)
        if (n % 3) == 2: return [-1] + BalancedTernary._int2ternary((n + 1) // 3)

    def to_int(self):
        return reduce(lambda y,x: x + 3 * y, reversed(self.digits), 0)

    def __repr__(self):
        if not self.digits: return "0"
        return "".join(BalancedTernary.dig2str[d] for d in reversed(self.digits))

    @staticmethod
    def _neg(digs):
        return [-d for d in digs]

    def __neg__(self):
        return BalancedTernary(BalancedTernary._neg(self.digits))

    @staticmethod
    def _add(a, b, c=0):
        if not (a and b):
            if c == 0:
                return a or b
            else:
                return BalancedTernary._add([c], a or b)
        else:
            (d, c) = BalancedTernary.table[3 + (a[0] if a else 0) + (b[0] if b else 0) + c]
            res = BalancedTernary._add(a[1:], b[1:], c)
            
            if res or d != 0:
                return [d] + res
            else:
                return res

    def __add__(self, b):
        return BalancedTernary(BalancedTernary._add(self.digits, b.digits))

    def __sub__(self, b):
        return self + (-b)

    @staticmethod
    def _mul(a, b):
        if not (a and b):
            return []
        else:
            if   a[0] == -1: x = BalancedTernary._neg(b)
            elif a[0] ==  0: x = []
            elif a[0] ==  1: x = b
            else: assert False
            y = [0] + BalancedTernary._mul(a[1:], b)
            return BalancedTernary._add(x, y)

    def __mul__(self, b):
        return BalancedTernary(BalancedTernary._mul(self.digits, b.digits))


def main():
    a = BalancedTernary("+-0++0+")
    print "a:", a.to_int(), a

    b = BalancedTernary(-436)
    print "b:", b.to_int(), b

    c = BalancedTernary("+-++-")
    print "c:", c.to_int(), c

    r = a * (b - c)
    print "a * (b - c):", r.to_int(), r

main()