Task: QR decomposition


C++: 
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring> 
#include <limits>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#include <math.h>

class Vector;

class Matrix {

public:
  
  Matrix() : m(0), n(0), data(nullptr) {}
  
  
  Matrix(int m_, int n_) : Matrix() {
    m = m_;
    n = n_;
    allocate(m_,n_);
  }

  
  Matrix(const Matrix& mat) : Matrix(mat.m,mat.n) {

    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
	(*this)(i,j) = mat(i,j);
  }
  
  
  template<int rows, int cols>
  Matrix(double (&a)[rows][cols]) : Matrix(rows,cols) {

    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
      for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
	(*this)(i,j) = a[i][j];
  }

  
  ~Matrix() {
    deallocate();
  }


  
  double& operator() (int i, int j) {
    return data[i+m*j]; }
  double  operator() (int i, int j) const {
    return data[i+m*j]; }

  
  Matrix& operator=(const Matrix& source) {
    
    
    if (this != &source) { 
      if ( (m*n) != (source.m * source.n) ) { 
	allocate(source.m,source.n);          
      }
      
      std::copy(source.data, source.data + source.m*source.n, data);
    }
    return *this;
  }
  
  
  void compute_minor(const Matrix& mat, int d) {

    allocate(mat.m, mat.n);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < d; i++)
      (*this)(i,i) = 1.0;
    for (int i = d; i < mat.m; i++)
      for (int j = d; j < mat.n; j++)
	(*this)(i,j) = mat(i,j);
    
  }

  
  
  
  void mult(const Matrix& a, const Matrix& b) {

    if (a.n != b.m) {
      std::cerr << "Matrix multiplication not possible, sizes don't match !\n";
      return;
    }

    
    if (a.m != m or b.n != n)
      allocate(a.m, b.n);

    memset(data,0,m*n*sizeof(double));
    
    for (int i = 0; i < a.m; i++)
      for (int j = 0; j < b.n; j++)
	for (int k = 0; k < a.n; k++)
	  (*this)(i,j) += a(i,k) * b(k,j);
    
  }

  void transpose() {
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
	double t = (*this)(i,j);
	(*this)(i,j) = (*this)(j,i);
	(*this)(j,i) = t;
      }
    }
  }

  
  void extract_column(Vector& v, int c);  

  
  void allocate(int m_, int n_) {

    
    deallocate();
    
    
    m = m_;
    n = n_;
    
    data = new double[m_*n_];
    memset(data,0,m_*n_*sizeof(double));

  } 

  
  void deallocate() {

    if (data)
      delete[] data;

    data = nullptr;

  }    
  
  int m, n;
  
private:
  double* data;
  
}; 


class Vector {

public:
  
  Vector() : size(0), data(nullptr) {}
  
  
  Vector(int size_) : Vector() {
    size = size_;
    allocate(size_);
  }

  
  ~Vector() {
    deallocate();
  }

  
  double& operator() (int i) {
    return data[i]; }
  double  operator() (int i) const {
    return data[i]; }

  
  Vector& operator=(const Vector& source) {
    
    
    if (this != &source) { 
      if ( size != (source.size) ) {   
	allocate(source.size);         
      }
      
      std::copy(source.data, source.data + source.size, data);
    }
    return *this;
  }

  
  void allocate(int size_) {

    deallocate();
    
    
    size = size_;
    
    data = new double[size_];
    memset(data,0,size_*sizeof(double));

  } 

  
  void deallocate() {

    if (data)
      delete[] data;

    data = nullptr;

  }    

  
  double norm() {
    double sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) sum += (*this)(i) * (*this)(i);
    return sqrt(sum);
  }

  
  void rescale(double factor) {
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) (*this)(i) /= factor;
  }

  void rescale_unit() {
    double factor = norm();
    rescale(factor);
  }
  
  int size;
  
private:
  double* data;

}; 


void vmadd(const Vector& a, const Vector& b, double s, Vector& c)
{
  if (c.size != a.size or c.size != b.size) {
    std::cerr << "[vmadd]: vector sizes don't match\n";
    return;
  }
  
  for (int i = 0; i < c.size; i++)
    c(i) = a(i) + s * b(i);
}



void compute_householder_factor(Matrix& mat, const Vector& v)
{

  int n = v.size;
  mat.allocate(n,n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
      mat(i,j) = -2 *  v(i) * v(j);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    mat(i,i) += 1;  
}


void Matrix::extract_column(Vector& v, int c) {
  if (m != v.size) {
    std::cerr << "[Matrix::extract_column]: Matrix and Vector sizes don't match\n";
    return;
  }
  
  for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    v(i) = (*this)(i,c);
}

void matrix_show(const Matrix&  m, const std::string& str="")
{
  std::cout << str << "\n";
  for(int i = 0; i < m.m; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < m.n; j++) {
      printf(" %8.3f", m(i,j));
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
  printf("\n");
}


double matrix_compare(const Matrix& A, const Matrix& B) {
  
  if (A.m != B.m or  A.n != B.n)
    return std::numeric_limits<double>::max();

  double res=0;
  for(int i = 0; i < A.m; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < A.n; j++) {
      res += (A(i,j)-B(i,j)) * (A(i,j)-B(i,j));
    }
  }

  res /= A.m*A.n;
  return res;
}

void householder(Matrix& mat,
		 Matrix& R,
		 Matrix& Q)
{

  int m = mat.m;
  int n = mat.n;

  
  std::vector<Matrix> qv(m);

  
  Matrix z(mat);
  Matrix z1;
  
  for (int k = 0; k < n && k < m - 1; k++) {

    Vector e(m), x(m);
    double a;
    
    
    z1.compute_minor(z, k);
    
    
    z1.extract_column(x, k);
    
    a = x.norm();
    if (mat(k,k) > 0) a = -a;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < e.size; i++)
      e(i) = (i == k) ? 1 : 0;

    
    vmadd(x, e, a, e);

    
    e.rescale_unit();
    
    
    compute_householder_factor(qv[k], e);

    
    z.mult(qv[k], z1);

  }
  
  Q = qv[0];

  
  for (int i = 1; i < n && i < m - 1; i++) {

    z1.mult(qv[i], Q);
    Q = z1;
    
  }
  
  R.mult(Q, mat);
  Q.transpose();
}
 
double in[][3] = {
  { 12, -51,   4},
  {  6, 167, -68},
  { -4,  24, -41},
  { -1,   1,   0},
  {  2,   0,   3},
};
 
int main()
{
  Matrix A(in); 
  Matrix Q, R;

  matrix_show(A,"A");  

  
  householder(A, R, Q);
  
  matrix_show(Q,"Q");
  matrix_show(R,"R");
 
  
  Matrix A_check;
  A_check.mult(Q, R);

  
  double l2 = matrix_compare(A,A_check);

  
  matrix_show(A_check, l2 < 1e-12 ? "A == Q * R ? yes" : "A == Q * R ? no");
 
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}







VB: Option Base 1
Private Function vtranspose(v As Variant) As Variant


    vtranspose = WorksheetFunction.Transpose(v)
End Function
 
Private Function mat_col(a As Variant, col As Integer) As Variant
    Dim res() As Double
    ReDim res(UBound(a))
    For i = col To UBound(a)
        res(i) = a(i, col)
    Next i
    mat_col = res
End Function
 
Private Function mat_norm(a As Variant) As Double
    mat_norm = Sqr(WorksheetFunction.SumProduct(a, a))
End Function
 
Private Function mat_ident(n As Integer) As Variant
    mat_ident = WorksheetFunction.Munit(n)
End Function

Private Function sq_div(a As Variant, p As Double) As Variant
    Dim res() As Variant
    ReDim res(UBound(a))
    For i = 1 To UBound(a)
        res(i) = a(i) / p
    Next i
    sq_div = res
End Function

Private Function sq_mul(p As Double, a As Variant) As Variant
    Dim res() As Variant
    ReDim res(UBound(a), UBound(a, 2))
    For i = 1 To UBound(a)
        For j = 1 To UBound(a, 2)
            res(i, j) = p * a(i, j)
        Next j
    Next i
    sq_mul = res
End Function

Private Function sq_sub(x As Variant, y As Variant) As Variant
    Dim res() As Variant
    ReDim res(UBound(x), UBound(x, 2))
    For i = 1 To UBound(x)
        For j = 1 To UBound(x, 2)
            res(i, j) = x(i, j) - y(i, j)
        Next j
    Next i
    sq_sub = res
End Function

Private Function matrix_mul(x As Variant, y As Variant) As Variant
    matrix_mul = WorksheetFunction.MMult(x, y)
End Function

Private Function QRHouseholder(ByVal a As Variant) As Variant
    Dim columns As Integer: columns = UBound(a, 2)
    Dim rows As Integer: rows = UBound(a)
    Dim m As Integer: m = WorksheetFunction.Max(columns, rows)
    Dim n As Integer: n = WorksheetFunction.Min(rows, columns)
    I_ = mat_ident(m)
    Q_ = I_
    Dim q As Variant
    Dim u As Variant, v As Variant, j As Integer
    For j = 1 To WorksheetFunction.Min(m - 1, n)
        u = mat_col(a, j)
        u(j) = u(j) - mat_norm(u)
        v = sq_div(u, mat_norm(u))
        q = sq_sub(I_, sq_mul(2, matrix_mul(vtranspose(v), v)))
        a = matrix_mul(q, a)
        Q_ = matrix_mul(Q_, q)
    Next j
 
    
    Dim R() As Variant
    ReDim R(m, n)
    For i = 1 To m 
        For j = 1 To n 
            R(i, j) = a(i, j)
        Next j
    Next i
    Dim res(2) As Variant
    res(1) = Q_
    res(2) = R
    QRHouseholder = res
End Function

Private Sub pp(m As Variant)
    For i = 1 To UBound(m)
        For j = 1 To UBound(m, 2)
            Debug.Print Format(m(i, j), "0.#####"),
        Next j
        Debug.Print
    Next i
End Sub
Public Sub main()
    a = [{12, -51,   4; 6, 167, -68; -4,  24, -41;-1,1,0;2,0,3}]
    result = QRHouseholder(a)
    q = result(1)
    r_ = result(2)
    Debug.Print "A"
    pp a
    Debug.Print "Q"
    pp q
    Debug.Print "R"
    pp r_
    Debug.Print "Q * R"
    pp matrix_mul(q, r_)
End Sub