Task: Solve a Numbrix puzzle



C#: using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Console;
using static System.Math;
using static System.Linq.Enumerable;

public class Solver
{
    private static readonly (int dx, int dy)[]
        
        numbrixMoves = {(1,0),(0,1),(-1,0),(0,-1)};

    private (int dx, int dy)[] moves;
        
    public static void Main()
    {
        var numbrixSolver = new Solver(numbrixMoves);
        Print(numbrixSolver.Solve(false, new [,] {
            {  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 },
            {  0,  0, 46, 45,  0, 55, 74,  0,  0 },
            {  0, 38,  0,  0, 43,  0,  0, 78,  0 },
            {  0, 35,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 71,  0 },
            {  0,  0, 33,  0,  0,  0, 59,  0,  0 },
            {  0, 17,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 67,  0 },
            {  0, 18,  0,  0, 11,  0,  0, 64,  0 },
            {  0,  0, 24, 21,  0,  1,  2,  0,  0 },
            {  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 },
        }));

        Print(numbrixSolver.Solve(false, new [,] {
            {  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 },
            {  0, 11, 12, 15, 18, 21, 62, 61,  0 },
            {  0,  6,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 60,  0 },
            {  0, 33,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 57,  0 },
            {  0, 32,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 56,  0 },
            {  0, 37,  0,  1,  0,  0,  0, 73,  0 },
            {  0, 38,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 72,  0 },
            {  0, 43, 44, 47, 48, 51, 76, 77,  0 },
            {  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0 },
        }));
    }

    public Solver(params (int dx, int dy)[] moves) => this.moves = moves;

    public int[,] Solve(bool circular, params string[] puzzle)
    {
        var (board, given, count) = Parse(puzzle);
        return Solve(board, given, count, circular);
    }

    public int[,] Solve(bool circular, int[,] puzzle)
    {
        var (board, given, count) = Parse(puzzle);
        return Solve(board, given, count, circular);
    }

    private int[,] Solve(int[,] board, BitArray given, int count, bool circular)
    {
        var (height, width) = (board.GetLength(0), board.GetLength(1));
        bool solved = false;
        for (int x = 0; x < height && !solved; x++) {
            solved = Range(0, width).Any(y => Solve(board, given, circular, (height, width), (x, y), count, (x, y), 1));
            if (solved) return board;
        }
        return null;
    }

    private bool Solve(int[,] board, BitArray given, bool circular,
        (int h, int w) size, (int x, int y) start, int last, (int x, int y) current, int n)
    {
        var (x, y) = current;
        if (x < 0 || x >= size.h || y < 0 || y >= size.w) return false;
        if (board[x, y] < 0) return false;
        if (given[n - 1]) {
            if (board[x, y] != n) return false;
        } else if (board[x, y] > 0) return false;
        board[x, y] = n;
        if (n == last) {
            if (!circular || AreNeighbors(start, current)) return true;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < moves.Length; i++) {
            var move = moves[i];
            if (Solve(board, given, circular, size, start, last, (x + move.dx, y + move.dy), n + 1)) return true;
        }
        if (!given[n - 1]) board[x, y] = 0;
        return false;

        bool AreNeighbors((int x, int y) p1, (int x, int y) p2) => moves.Any(m => (p2.x + m.dx, p2.y + m.dy).Equals(p1));
    }

    private static (int[,] board, BitArray given, int count) Parse(string[] input)
    {
        (int height, int width) = (input.Length, input[0].Length);
        int[,] board = new int[height, width];
        int count = 0;
        for (int x = 0; x < height; x++) {
            string line = input[x];
            for (int y = 0; y < width; y++) {
                board[x, y] = y < line.Length && char.IsDigit(line[y]) ? line[y] - '0' : -1;
                if (board[x, y] >= 0) count++;
            }
        }
        BitArray given = Scan(board, count, height, width);
        return (board, given, count);
    }

    private static (int[,] board, BitArray given, int count) Parse(int[,] input)
    {
        (int height, int width) = (input.GetLength(0), input.GetLength(1));
        int[,] board = new int[height, width];
        int count = 0;
        for (int x = 0; x < height; x++)
            for (int y = 0; y < width; y++)
                if ((board[x, y] = input[x, y]) >= 0) count++;
        BitArray given = Scan(board, count, height, width);
        return (board, given, count);
    }

    private static BitArray Scan(int[,] board, int count, int height, int width)
    {
        var given = new BitArray(count + 1);
        for (int x = 0; x < height; x++)
            for (int y = 0; y < width; y++)
                if (board[x, y] > 0) given[board[x, y] - 1] = true;
        return given;
    }

    private static void Print(int[,] board)
    {
        if (board == null) {
            WriteLine("No solution");
        } else {
            int w = board.Cast<int>().Where(i => i > 0).Max(i => (int?)Ceiling(Log10(i+1))) ?? 1;
            string e = new string('-', w);
            foreach (int x in Range(0, board.GetLength(0)))
                WriteLine(string.Join(" ", Range(0, board.GetLength(1))
                    .Select(y => board[x, y] < 0 ? e : board[x, y].ToString().PadLeft(w, ' '))));
        }
        WriteLine();
    }

}





Python: from sys import stdout
neighbours = [[-1, 0], [0, -1], [1, 0], [0, 1]]
exists = []
lastNumber = 0
wid = 0
hei = 0


def find_next(pa, x, y, z):
    for i in range(4):
        a = x + neighbours[i][0]
        b = y + neighbours[i][1]
        if wid > a > -1 and hei > b > -1:
            if pa[a][b] == z:
                return a, b

    return -1, -1


def find_solution(pa, x, y, z):
    if z > lastNumber:
        return 1
    if exists[z] == 1:
        s = find_next(pa, x, y, z)
        if s[0] < 0:
            return 0
        return find_solution(pa, s[0], s[1], z + 1)

    for i in range(4):
        a = x + neighbours[i][0]
        b = y + neighbours[i][1]
        if wid > a > -1 and hei > b > -1:
            if pa[a][b] == 0:
                pa[a][b] = z
                r = find_solution(pa, a, b, z + 1)
                if r == 1:
                    return 1
                pa[a][b] = 0

    return 0


def solve(pz, w, h):
    global lastNumber, wid, hei, exists

    lastNumber = w * h
    wid = w
    hei = h
    exists = [0 for j in range(lastNumber + 1)]

    pa = [[0 for j in range(h)] for i in range(w)]
    st = pz.split()
    idx = 0
    for j in range(h):
        for i in range(w):
            if st[idx] == ".":
                idx += 1
            else:
                pa[i][j] = int(st[idx])
                exists[pa[i][j]] = 1
                idx += 1

    x = 0
    y = 0
    t = w * h + 1
    for j in range(h):
        for i in range(w):
            if pa[i][j] != 0 and pa[i][j] < t:
                t = pa[i][j]
                x = i
                y = j

    return find_solution(pa, x, y, t + 1), pa


def show_result(r):
    if r[0] == 1:
        for j in range(hei):
            for i in range(wid):
                stdout.write(" {:0{}d}".format(r[1][i][j], 2))
            print()
    else:
        stdout.write("No Solution!\n")

    print()


r = solve(". . . . . . . . . . . 46 45 . 55 74 . . . 38 . . 43 . . 78 . . 35 . . . . . 71 . . . 33 . . . 59 . . . 17"
          " . . . . . 67 . . 18 . . 11 . . 64 . . . 24 21 . 1  2 . . . . . . . . . . .", 9, 9)
show_result(r)

r = solve(". . . . . . . . . . 11 12 15 18 21 62 61 . .  6 . . . . . 60 . . 33 . . . . . 57 . . 32 . . . . . 56 . . 37"
          " .  1 . . . 73 . . 38 . . . . . 72 . . 43 44 47 48 51 76 77 . . . . . . . . . .", 9, 9)
show_result(r)

r = solve("17 . . . 11 . . . 59 . 15 . . 6 . . 61 . . . 3 . . .  63 . . . . . . 66 . . . . 23 24 . 68 67 78 . 54 55"
          " . . . . 72 . . . . . . 35 . . . 49 . . . 29 . . 40 . . 47 . 31 . . . 39 . . . 45", 9, 9)
show_result(r)