MXNet: %matplotlib inline
from mxnet import autograd, gluon, init, lr_scheduler, np, npx
from mxnet.gluon import nn
from d2l import mxnet as d2l
npx.set_np()
net = nn.HybridSequential()
net.add(nn.Conv2D(channels=6, kernel_size=5, padding=2, activation='relu'),
        nn.MaxPool2D(pool_size=2, strides=2),
        nn.Conv2D(channels=16, kernel_size=5, activation='relu'),
        nn.MaxPool2D(pool_size=2, strides=2),
        nn.Dense(120, activation='relu'),
        nn.Dense(84, activation='relu'),
        nn.Dense(10))
net.hybridize()
loss = gluon.loss.SoftmaxCrossEntropyLoss()
device = d2l.try_gpu()
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)
def train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device):
    net.initialize(force_reinit=True, ctx=device, init=init.Xavier())
    animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', xlim=[0, num_epochs], legend=['train loss', 'train acc', 'test acc'])
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        metric = d2l.Accumulator(3)
        for i, (X, y) in enumerate(train_iter):
            X, y = X.as_in_ctx(device), y.as_in_ctx(device)
            with autograd.record():
                y_hat = net(X)
                l = loss(y_hat, y)
            l.backward()
            trainer.step(X.shape[0])
            metric.add(l.sum(), d2l.accuracy(y_hat, y), X.shape[0])
            train_loss = metric[0] / metric[2]
            train_acc = metric[1] / metric[2]
            if (i + 1) % 50 == 0:
                animator.add(epoch + i / len(train_iter), (train_loss, train_acc, None))
        test_acc = d2l.evaluate_accuracy_gpu(net, test_iter)
        animator.add(epoch + 1, (None, None, test_acc))
    print(f'train loss {train_loss:.3f}, train acc {train_acc:.3f}, f'test acc {test_acc:.3f}')
lr, num_epochs = 0.3, 30
net.initialize(force_reinit=True, ctx=device, init=init.Xavier())
trainer = gluon.Trainer(net.collect_params(), 'sgd', {'learning_rate': lr})
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device)
trainer.set_learning_rate(0.1)
scheduler = SquareRootScheduler(lr=0.1)
d2l.plot(np.arange(num_epochs), [scheduler(t) for t in range(num_epochs)])
trainer = gluon.Trainer(net.collect_params(), 'sgd', {'lr_scheduler': scheduler})
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device)
class FactorScheduler:
    def __init__(self, factor=1, stop_factor_lr=1e-7, base_lr=0.1):
        self.factor = factor
        self.stop_factor_lr = stop_factor_lr
        self.base_lr = base_lr
    def __call__(self, num_update):
        self.base_lr = max(self.stop_factor_lr, self.base_lr * self.factor)
        return self.base_lr
scheduler = FactorScheduler(factor=0.9, stop_factor_lr=1e-2, base_lr=2.0)
d2l.plot(np.arange(50), [scheduler(t) for t in range(50)])
scheduler = lr_scheduler.MultiFactorScheduler(step=[15, 30], factor=0.5, base_lr=0.5)
d2l.plot(np.arange(num_epochs), [scheduler(t) for t in range(num_epochs)])
trainer = gluon.Trainer(net.collect_params(), 'sgd', {'lr_scheduler': scheduler})
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.CosineScheduler(max_update=20, base_lr=0.3, final_lr=0.01)
d2l.plot(np.arange(num_epochs), [scheduler(t) for t in range(num_epochs)])
trainer = gluon.Trainer(net.collect_params(), 'sgd', {'lr_scheduler': scheduler})
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device)
scheduler = lr_scheduler.CosineScheduler(20, warmup_steps=5, base_lr=0.3, final_lr=0.01)
d2l.plot(np.arange(num_epochs), [scheduler(t) for t in range(num_epochs)])
trainer = gluon.Trainer(net.collect_params(), 'sgd', {'lr_scheduler': scheduler})
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device)

Paddle: %matplotlib inline
import warnings
from d2l import paddle as d2l
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import math
import paddle
from paddle import nn
from paddle.optimizer import lr as lr_scheduler
def net_fn():
    model = nn.Sequential(
        nn.Conv2D(1, 6, kernel_size=5, padding=2), nn.ReLU(),
        nn.MaxPool2D(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
        nn.Conv2D(6, 16, kernel_size=5), nn.ReLU(),
        nn.MaxPool2D(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
        nn.Flatten(),
        nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120), nn.ReLU(),
        nn.Linear(120, 84), nn.ReLU(),
        nn.Linear(84, 10))
    return model
loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
device = d2l.try_gpu()
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)
def train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device, scheduler=None):
    animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', xlim=[0, num_epochs], legend=['train loss', 'train acc', 'test acc'])
    for epoch in range(num_epochs):
        metric = d2l.Accumulator(3)
        for i, (X, y) in enumerate(train_iter):
            net.train()
            trainer.clear_grad()
            y_hat = net(X)
            l = loss(y_hat, y)
            l.backward()
            trainer.step()
            with paddle.no_grad():
                metric.add(l * X.shape[0], d2l.accuracy(y_hat,y), X.shape[0])
            train_loss = metric[0] / metric[2]
            train_acc = metric[1] / metric[2]
            if (i + 1) % 50 == 0:
                animator.add(epoch + i / len(train_iter), (train_loss, train_acc, None))
        test_acc = d2l.evaluate_accuracy_gpu(net, test_iter)
        animator.add(epoch+1, (None, None, test_acc))
        if scheduler:
            if scheduler.__module__ == lr_scheduler.__name__:
                scheduler.step()
            else:
                trainer.set_lr(scheduler(epoch))
    print(f'train loss {train_loss:.3f}, train acc {train_acc:.3f}, f'test acc {test_acc:.3f}')
lr, num_epochs = 0.3, 30
net = net_fn()
trainer = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=lr, parameters=net.parameters())
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device)
lr = 0.1
trainer.set_lr(lr)
scheduler = SquareRootScheduler(lr=0.1)
d2l.plot(paddle.arange(num_epochs), [scheduler(t) for t in range(num_epochs)])
net = net_fn()
trainer = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=lr , parameters=net.parameters())
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device, scheduler)
class FactorScheduler:
    def __init__(self, factor=1, stop_factor_lr=1e-7, base_lr=0.1):
        self.factor = factor
        self.stop_factor_lr = stop_factor_lr
        self.base_lr = base_lr
    def __call__(self, num_update):
        self.base_lr = max(self.stop_factor_lr, self.base_lr * self.factor)
        return self.base_lr
scheduler = FactorScheduler(factor=0.9, stop_factor_lr=1e-2, base_lr=2.0)
d2l.plot(paddle.arange(50), [scheduler(t) for t in range(50)])
net = net_fn()
scheduler =paddle.optimizer.lr.MultiStepDecay(learning_rate=0.5, milestones=[15,30], gamma=0.5)
trainer = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=scheduler, parameters=net.parameters())
def get_lr(trainer, scheduler):
    lr=trainer.state_dict()['LR_Scheduler']['last_lr']
    trainer.step()
    scheduler.step()
    return lr
d2l.plot(paddle.arange(num_epochs), [get_lr(trainer, scheduler) for t in range(num_epochs)])
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device, scheduler)
scheduler = CosineScheduler(max_update=20, base_lr=0.3, final_lr=0.01)
d2l.plot(paddle.arange(num_epochs), [scheduler(t) for t in range(num_epochs)])
net = net_fn()
trainer = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.3, parameters=net.parameters())
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device, scheduler)
scheduler = CosineScheduler(20, warmup_steps=5, base_lr=0.3, final_lr=0.01)
d2l.plot(paddle.arange(num_epochs), [scheduler(t) for t in range(num_epochs)])
net = net_fn()
trainer = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.3, parameters=net.parameters())
train(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, loss, trainer, device, scheduler)