{ "paper_id": "O07-1016", "header": { "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:08:00.989643Z" }, "title": "Language Identification on Code-Switching Speech", "authors": [ { "first": "Joyce", "middle": [ "Y C" ], "last": "Chan", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Chi-Jiun", "middle": [], "last": "Shia", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Chung-Hsien", "middle": [], "last": "Wu", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" } ], "year": "", "venue": null, "identifiers": {}, "abstract": "", "pdf_parse": { "paper_id": "O07-1016", "_pdf_hash": "", "abstract": [], "body_text": [ { "text": "Language Category", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Sequence", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "a ap e err cai cang ih ik\u2026etc.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "1.Language Independent Acoustic Model (LIAM)", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "a_M a_T ak_T err_M i_M i_T\u2026etc.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "2.Language Dependent Acoustic Model (LDAM)", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "a ap e err cai cang ih ik\u2026etc.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "1.Language Independent Acoustic Model (LIAM)", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "a_M a_T ak_T err_M i_M i_T\u2026etc.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "2.Language Dependent Acoustic Model (LDAM)", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "( Formosa Phonetic Alphabet, ForPA ) ForPA ( ) 37 56 63 32", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 43, "end": 55, "text": "( ) 37 56", "ref_id": null } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "2.Language Dependent Acoustic Model (LDAM)", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "ForSDAT ( Formosa Speech Database ) Training Data ForSDAT MD01 100 11.3 ForSDAT TW01 100 11 3 Hidden Markov Model HMM Language Dependent Acoustic Model, LDAM a ap e err cai cang ih ik etc [11] Language Independent Acoustic Model, LIAM a_M a_T ak_T err_M i_M i_T etc. Syllable Bi-gram 1 7 17203 23 230236 9 9539 10 104324 Bi-gram Bi-gram ", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 197, "end": 201, "text": "[11]", "ref_id": "BIBREF8" } ], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 36, "end": 102, "text": "Training Data ForSDAT MD01 100 11.3 ForSDAT TW01 100 11 3", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 276, "end": 339, "text": "Syllable Bi-gram 1 7 17203 23 230236 9 9539 10 104324", "ref_id": null } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "2.Language Dependent Acoustic Model (LDAM)", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "N-gram N-gram W n w w n N-1 N N 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( | ) ( | ) ( | ) n n n n i i n i i i P W P w w w w P w P w w P w w w w P w w w w + + + N-gram N=2 bi-gram", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "2.Language Dependent Acoustic Model (LDAM)", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "1 1 1 ( , ) ( | ) ( ) t t t t t C w w P w w C w t-1 t w w Syllable 1 ( , ) t t C w w 1 , t t w w 1 ( ) t C w t-", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "2.Language Dependent Acoustic Model (LDAM)", "sec_num": null } ], "back_matter": [], "bib_entries": { "BIBREF0": { "ref_id": "b0", "title": "A Vector Space Modeling Approach to Spoken Language Identification", "authors": [ { "first": "Haizhou", "middle": [], "last": "Li", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Bin", "middle": [], "last": "Ma", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Chin-Hui", "middle": [], "last": "Lee", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2007, "venue": "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO,SPEECH,AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING", "volume": "15", "issue": "1", "pages": "271--284", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Haizhou Li,Bin Ma,Chin-Hui Lee,\"A Vector Space Modeling Approach to Spoken Language Identification\",IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO,SPEECH,AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING,VOL.15,NO.1,JANUARY 2007,P271-P284", "links": null }, "BIBREF1": { "ref_id": "b1", "title": "A Text Categorization Approach to Automatic Language Identification", "authors": [ { "first": "Sheng", "middle": [], "last": "Gao", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Bin", "middle": [], "last": "Ma", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Haizhou", "middle": [], "last": "Li", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Chin-Hui", "middle": [], "last": "Lee", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2005, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Sheng Gao,Bin Ma,Haizhou Li,Chin-Hui Lee,\"A Text Categorization Approach to Automatic Language Identification\",INTERSPEECH 2005", "links": null }, "BIBREF2": { "ref_id": "b2", "title": "Language Boundary Detection and Identification of Mixed-Language Speech Based on MAP Estimation", "authors": [ { "first": "Chi-Jiun", "middle": [], "last": "Shia", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Yu-Hsien", "middle": [], "last": "Chiu", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Jia-Hsieh", "middle": [], "last": "", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Chung-Hsien", "middle": [], "last": "Wu", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2004, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Chi-Jiun Shia, Yu-Hsien Chiu, Jia-Hsieh and Chung-Hsien Wu,\"Language Boundary Detection and Identification of Mixed-Language Speech Based on MAP Estimation\",ICASSP 2004", "links": null }, "BIBREF3": { "ref_id": "b3", "title": "Automatic Segmentation and Identification of Mixed-Language Speech Using Delta-BIC and LSA-Based GMMs", "authors": [ { "first": "Chung-Hsien", "middle": [], "last": "Wu", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Senior", "middle": [], "last": "Member", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Yu-Hsien", "middle": [], "last": "Ieee", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Chi-Jiun", "middle": [], "last": "Chiu", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Chun-Yu", "middle": [], "last": "Shia", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Lin", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2006, "venue": "IEEE Transactions on audio, speech, and language processing", "volume": "14", "issue": "", "pages": "266--276", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Chung-Hsien Wu, Senior Member, IEEE, Yu-Hsien Chiu, Chi-Jiun Shia, and Chun-Yu Lin,\"Automatic Segmentation and Identification of Mixed-Language Speech Using Delta-BIC and LSA-Based GMMs\",IEEE Transactions on audio, speech, and language processing, Vol.14, No.1, January 2006, p266-p276", "links": null }, "BIBREF4": { "ref_id": "b4", "title": "Detection of Language Boundary in Code-switching utterances by Bi-phone Probabilities", "authors": [ { "first": "Y", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Joyce", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "P", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Chan", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Tan", "middle": [], "last": "Ching", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Helen", "middle": [ "M" ], "last": "Lee", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Meng", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2004, "venue": "ISCSLP", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Joyce Y. C. Chan, P.C. Ching, Tan Lee and Helen M. Meng,\"Detection of Language Boundary in Code-switching utterances by Bi-phone Probabilities\", ISCSLP, 2004", "links": null }, "BIBREF5": { "ref_id": "b5", "title": "Development of a Cantonese-English Code-mixing Speech Corpus", "authors": [ { "first": "Y", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Joyce", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "P", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Chan", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Tan", "middle": [], "last": "Ching", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Lee", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2005, "venue": "Proc. of Eurospeech", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "1533--1536", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Joyce Y.C. Chan, P. C. Ching and Tan Lee,\"Development of a Cantonese-English Code-mixing Speech Corpus\", in Proc. of Eurospeech 2005,pp.1533-1536, Lisbon,2005", "links": null }, "BIBREF6": { "ref_id": "b6", "title": "Automatic speech recognition of Cantonese-English code-mixing utterance", "authors": [ { "first": "Y", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Joyce", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "P", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Chan", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Tan", "middle": [], "last": "Ching", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Houwei", "middle": [], "last": "Lee", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Cao", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2006, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Joyce Y.C. Chan, P.C. Ching, Tan Lee and Houwei Cao ,\"Automatic speech recognition of Cantonese-English code-mixing utterance\",INTERSPEECH 2006", "links": null }, "BIBREF7": { "ref_id": "b7", "title": "Multistage Speaker Diarization of Broadcast News", "authors": [ { "first": "Claude", "middle": [], "last": "Barras", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Xuan", "middle": [], "last": "Zhu", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Sylvain", "middle": [], "last": "Meignier", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Jean-Luc", "middle": [], "last": "Gauvain", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Member", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Ieee", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2006, "venue": "IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO, SPEECH, AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING", "volume": "14", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Claude Barras, Xuan Zhu, Sylvain Meignier, and Jean-Luc Gauvain, Member, IEEE,\"Multistage Speaker Diarization of Broadcast News\", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO, SPEECH, AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 14, 2006", "links": null }, "BIBREF8": { "ref_id": "b8", "title": "Language Identification by Using Syllable-based Duration Classification on Code-switching Speech", "authors": [ { "first": "Ren-Yuan", "middle": [], "last": "Dau-Cheng Lyu", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Yuang-Chin", "middle": [], "last": "Lyu", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "Chun-Nan", "middle": [], "last": "Chiang", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Hsu", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 2006, "venue": "Proceedings of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Dau-Cheng Lyu, Ren-Yuan Lyu, Yuang-chin Chiang and Chun-Nan Hsu,\"Language Identification by Using Syllable-based Duration Classification on Code-switching Speech\", In Proceedings of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Kent Ridge, 2006", "links": null } }, "ref_entries": {} } }