{
    "paper_id": "M91-1027",
    "header": {
        "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0",
        "date_generated": "2023-01-19T03:15:36.745965Z"
    },
    "title": "MCDONNELL DOUGLAS ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMPANY : Description of the INLET System Used for MUC-3",
    "authors": [
        {
            "first": "David",
            "middle": [],
            "last": "De Hilster",
            "suffix": "",
            "affiliation": {
                "laboratory": "",
                "institution": "McDonnell Douglas Electronics Systems Compan y 1801 East Saint Andrew Plac e Santa Ana",
                "location": {
                    "postCode": "92705-652 0",
                    "region": "California"
                }
            },
            "email": ""
        },
        {
            "first": "Amnon",
            "middle": [],
            "last": "Meyers",
            "suffix": "",
            "affiliation": {
                "laboratory": "",
                "institution": "McDonnell Douglas Electronics Systems Compan y 1801 East Saint Andrew Plac e Santa Ana",
                "location": {
                    "postCode": "92705-652 0",
                    "region": "California"
                }
            },
            "email": ""
        }
    ],
    "year": "",
    "venue": null,
    "identifiers": {},
    "abstract": "During the past nine months, our language processing effort has focused on implementin g a new NLP system called INLET. INLET relies heavily on the methodology developed for th e preceding VOX system. The goal of this work is to produce an NLP shell that can be customized t o a variety of tasks and domains. INLET provides user-friendly graphics-oriented tools for knowledge addition an d perusal, to support customization to a variety of domains and tasks. INLET is implemented in C on Sun SPARCstations, in order to support faster analysis than Lisp-based systems and t o provide a more widely usable end-product. At the present time, the basic knowledge addition system is in place, includin g vocabulary addition interfaces (e .g ., Figure 1), a dictionary book tool (Figure 2), a hierarch y editor (Figure 3), and a grammar rule editor (Figure 4). A new Conceptual Grammar has bee n implemented for INLET, supporting concept hierarchies, a 'conceptual' dictionary, and othe r knowledge types (such as lexical interrelationships). A conceptual analyzer, called the skimmer (Figure 5), has been implemented to provid e robust top-down language analysis capabilities. The skimmer will augment a bottom-u p analyzer currently under construction. A skimmer trace is shown in Figure 6 .",
    "pdf_parse": {
        "paper_id": "M91-1027",
        "_pdf_hash": "",
        "abstract": [
            {
                "text": "During the past nine months, our language processing effort has focused on implementin g a new NLP system called INLET. INLET relies heavily on the methodology developed for th e preceding VOX system. The goal of this work is to produce an NLP shell that can be customized t o a variety of tasks and domains. INLET provides user-friendly graphics-oriented tools for knowledge addition an d perusal, to support customization to a variety of domains and tasks. INLET is implemented in C on Sun SPARCstations, in order to support faster analysis than Lisp-based systems and t o provide a more widely usable end-product. At the present time, the basic knowledge addition system is in place, includin g vocabulary addition interfaces (e .g ., Figure 1), a dictionary book tool (Figure 2), a hierarch y editor (Figure 3), and a grammar rule editor (Figure 4). A new Conceptual Grammar has bee n implemented for INLET, supporting concept hierarchies, a 'conceptual' dictionary, and othe r knowledge types (such as lexical interrelationships). A conceptual analyzer, called the skimmer (Figure 5), has been implemented to provid e robust top-down language analysis capabilities. The skimmer will augment a bottom-u p analyzer currently under construction. A skimmer trace is shown in Figure 6 .",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Abstract",
                "sec_num": null
            }
        ],
        "body_text": [
            {
                "text": "The skimmer, implemented in 2 months time, is the only operational component of th e INLET analyzer (called LASS, for Language Analysis Support System) . Six major processe s comprise the skimmer, and are described in turn . The first process performs a pass throug h the input message to replace all fixed phrases with their atomic representation . Fo r example, the literal phrase \"farabundo marti national liberation front\" is replaced by a concep t that represents that phrase . The second process, called the pre-processor, locates and parse s specialized constructs in the text, such as proper names, number words, temporal and locativ e phrases, as well as some domain-specific phrases dealing with perpetrators, physical, and human targets . Phrases like \"thirty-three\", \"Ricardo Alfonso Castellar\", \"three months ago\" , \"San Miguel department\", and \"member of the FMLN\", are all detected and parsed by the preprocessor. Next, a pass through the text detects key words and phrases . Words lik e \"attack\", \"murder\", and \"bomb\", as well as phrases like \"set fire to object\", \"bomb damage d object\" are located in the text . Incidents found in this pass are merged or segmented by th e grouping process . Groups of sentences associated with a single incident are then examined by the actor/object separation process to determine perpetrators and targets . The subsequen t slot filling process further examines groups of sentences to fill remaining slots of the MUC 3 template . In order to assure self-consistency in a single template, a semantic trimming and rejection process trims the templates prior to output . This last process is ad hoc, bu t substitutes for our current lack of script-based processing . ",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "DESCRIPTION OF THE SKIMME R",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "A sample of the system's output for message 48 from TST2 is shown above . The system did fairly well, successfully applying an apposition rule in slot 11, for example . However, even though it found the appositive, it incorrectly assigned civilian type to the attorney general , due to an undiagnosed bug . The system often sloughs adjectives, e .g ., condensing \"urba n guerrillas\" to \"guerrillas\" in the perpetrator id slot . Even though the first sentence of messag e 48 says \" . . .accused the farabundo marti national liberation front (fmln) of the crime\", th e skimmer failed to fill the organization slot. In this case, failure was due to lack of patterns fo r accusations . Failure to find the instrument in \" .. .was killed when a bomb placed by urba n guerrillas on his vehicle exploded\" is due to the absence of a pattern like \"bomb placed by actor\" . Rather, the system knew the pattern \"bomb BE placed by actor\" where the verb 'to be' i s not optional . ",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "EFFECT ON HUMAN TARGET(S) \"",
                "sec_num": null
            }
        ],
        "back_matter": [],
        "bib_entries": {},
        "ref_entries": {
            "FIGREF0": {
                "text": "Figure 3 : Hierarchy Edito r",
                "num": null,
                "uris": null,
                "type_str": "figure"
            },
            "FIGREF1": {
                "text": "3D INFANTRY BRIGADE REPORTED THAT PONCE BATTALION UNIT S FOUND THE DECOMPOSED BODY OF A SUBVERSIVE IN LA FINCA HILL, SAN MIGUEL . AN M-16 RIFLE, FIVE GRENADES, AID MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXPLOSIVES WERE FOUND IN THE SAME PLACE . THE BRIGADE, WHICH IS HEADQUARTERED IN SAN MIGUEL , ADDED THAT THE SEIZURE VAS MADE YESTERDAY MORNING .NATIONAL GUARD UNITS GUARDING THE LAS CANAS BRIDGE, WHICH IS ON TH E NORTHERN TRUNK HIGHWAY IN APOPA, THIS MORNING REPELLED A TERRORIST ATTACK THAT RESULTED IN NO CASUALTIES . THE ARMED CLASH INVOLVED MORTAR AND RIFL E FIRE AND LASTED 30 MINUTES . MEMBERS OF THAT SECURITY GROUP ARE CUMBING THE 0 .",
                "num": null,
                "uris": null,
                "type_str": "figure"
            },
            "FIGREF2": {
                "text": "TEXT] THE ARCE BATTALION COMIANO HAS REPORTED THAT ABOUT 5 0 PEASANTS OF VARIOUS AGES HAVE BEEN KIDNAPPED BY TERRORISTS OF THE FARABUNDO MARTI NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT [FMLN) IN SAN MIGUE L DEPARTMENT . ACCORDING TO THAT GARRISON, THE MASS KIDNAPPING TOOK PLACE O N 30 DECEMBER IN SAN LUIS DE LA REINA . THE SOURCE ADDED THAT THE TERRORIST S FORCED THE INDIVIDUALS, VHO 'ERE TAKEN TO AN UNKNOWN LOCATION, OUT O F THEIR RESIDENCES, PRESUMABLY TO INCORPORATE THEM AGAINST THEIR WILL INTO CLANDESTINE",
                "num": null,
                "uris": null,
                "type_str": "figure"
            }
        }
    }
}