| { | |
| "paper_id": "O09-6004", | |
| "header": { | |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", | |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T08:10:58.284607Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "Parallel Corpus-based Study of Conjunctions", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Hui-Chuan", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Lu", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "huichuanlu1@gmail.com" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Lo", | |
| "middle": [ | |
| "Hsueh" | |
| ], | |
| "last": "Lu", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": {}, | |
| "email": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
| "identifiers": {}, | |
| "abstract": "This paper aims to introduce the process used to create a \"Parallel Learners' Corpus of Spanish and English\" (CPATEI) by integrating the theories and techniques of Corpus Linguistics, and to investigate the conjunctions used by the Spanish learners in Taiwan. The collected data in CPATEI are contributed by learners of Spanish from two universities in Taiwan, including Spanish compositions and their corresponding English translations written by two different levels of Spanish learners. Besides, we have collected texts revised by native speakers and POS-tagged. Based on the collected data, we will examine the tendency of learners' overuse, underuse and misuse of the conjunctions. At the same time, we will discuss the possible factors leading to incorrect usage of conjunctions. The results demonstrate that the frequency of conjunctions used by the learners in their Spanish compositions and English translations are lower than that of the Spanish and English native speakers in their corrections. Among the types of errors of conjunctions, underuse of the copulative and additive conjunctions and overuse of the adversative and cause-consecutive conjunctions are the two types of errors that have been noted in the writing of the Taiwanese learners. Furthermore, there are no relationships found between the wrong use of the Spanish conjunctions and their language level as well as the second language as English and the third language as Spanish. Finally, we hope the result of this research will bring benefits to the curriculum designs for the teaching of Spanish conjunctions.", | |
| "pdf_parse": { | |
| "paper_id": "O09-6004", | |
| "_pdf_hash": "", | |
| "abstract": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "This paper aims to introduce the process used to create a \"Parallel Learners' Corpus of Spanish and English\" (CPATEI) by integrating the theories and techniques of Corpus Linguistics, and to investigate the conjunctions used by the Spanish learners in Taiwan. The collected data in CPATEI are contributed by learners of Spanish from two universities in Taiwan, including Spanish compositions and their corresponding English translations written by two different levels of Spanish learners. Besides, we have collected texts revised by native speakers and POS-tagged. Based on the collected data, we will examine the tendency of learners' overuse, underuse and misuse of the conjunctions. At the same time, we will discuss the possible factors leading to incorrect usage of conjunctions. The results demonstrate that the frequency of conjunctions used by the learners in their Spanish compositions and English translations are lower than that of the Spanish and English native speakers in their corrections. Among the types of errors of conjunctions, underuse of the copulative and additive conjunctions and overuse of the adversative and cause-consecutive conjunctions are the two types of errors that have been noted in the writing of the Taiwanese learners. Furthermore, there are no relationships found between the wrong use of the Spanish conjunctions and their language level as well as the second language as English and the third language as Spanish. Finally, we hope the result of this research will bring benefits to the curriculum designs for the teaching of Spanish conjunctions.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Abstract", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "body_text": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": ")\u3001\u4e2d-\u65e5 (Shimizu, Du & Dantsuji, 2004) (1)\u5c0d\u7b49\u4e26\uf99c\u3001(2)\u9644\u5c6c\u548c(3)\u76f8\u95dc\u4e09\u5927\uf9d0\u3002(1)\u5c0d\u7b49\u4e26\uf99c\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u6db5\u84cb\u4ee5\u4e0b\uf9d0\u578b\uff1a(a)\uf997\u7e6b\uf99a\u63a5 \u8a5e \"y/e, ni\" \u3002 (b) \u9078 \u64c7 \uf99a \u63a5 \u8a5e \"o/u\" \u3002 (c) \u5c0d \u7a31 \uf99a \u63a5 \u8a5e \"ahora\u2026ahora, bien\u2026bien, ya\u2026ya, ora\u2026ora\"\u3002(d)\u88dc\u5145\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"adem\u00e1s\"\u3002(e)\u53cd\u7fa9\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"pero, mas, sin embargo\"\u3002(f)\u89e3\u91cb\uf99a\u63a5 \u8a5e\"es decir, o sea\"\u3002(2)\u9644\u5c6c\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u5305\u62ec(a)\u4e00\u822c\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"que\"\u3002(b)\u539f\u56e0\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"porque, puesto que\"\u3002(c)\u7d50\u679c\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"por eso, por consiguiente, por (lo) tanto\"\u3002(d)\u76ee\u7684\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"para que, a fin de que\"\u3002(e)\u689d\u4ef6\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"si, con tal de que\"\u3002(f)\u8b93\u6b65\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\"aunque\"\u3002(g)\u6bd4\u8f03\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e \"como\"\u3002(3)\u76f8\u95dc\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u5305\u62ec\"apenas\u2026cuando, ni\u2026ni\u2026, o\u2026o\u2026\"\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u73fe\u6709\u8a9e\uf9be\u7684\u6587\u672c\uf9d0 \u578b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u50c5\u5c31\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u5c6c\u6027\u9032\ufa08\u5206\u6790\u8207\u8a0e\uf941\u3002 2.2.2 \u4ee5\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61 \u6709\u95dc\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u65b9\u9762\uff0cMart\u00ednez (1997), Mart\u00edn & Portol\u00e9s (1999) , Montol\u00edo (1998 Montol\u00edo ( , 2000 Montol\u00edo ( , 2001 , S\u00e1nchez (1993) , Lu & Lu (2006) \u4e2d\u65bc\"y(e)/and\"\u548c\"o(u)/or\"\u4e26\uf99c\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7684\uf9d0\u578b\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u9650\u5b9a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b57\u4e4b\u8a5e\uf9d0\u70ba\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e14\u540c \u6642\u517c\u9867\u4e92\u73fe\u8a0a\u606f\u5206\uf969\u548c\u7d50\u679c\u7b46\uf969\u7686\u9ad8\u8005\u7684\u7bc4\uf9b5\u5982\"y luego, y yo, y me\"\u3002\u4ee5\u53f3\u5074\u88ab\u642d\u914d\u8a5e \u70ba\u9644\u5c6c\u6027\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7684\"luego\" ( \"y luego\")\u70ba\uf9b5\uff0c\u8868\u56db\u524d\uf978\uf99c\u662f\uf978\u7d44\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u6587 \u5f9e\u8868\u56db\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff1a\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u8207\u5176\u5f8c\u88ab\u642d\u914d\u6210\u5206\"luego\"\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e4b\u6a5f\uf961\u5728\u539f\u59cb \u6587\u7684\u642d\u914d\u6b21\uf969\u662f 3\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4fee\u6b63\u6587\u662f 5\uff0c\"y luego\"\u9019\u500b\u642d\u914d\u8a5e\u5728\u4fee\u6b63\u6587\u7684\u4e92\u73fe\u8a0a\u606f\u503c(83.56) \u9ad8\u904e\u539f\u59cb\u6587(3.76)\uff0c\"luego\"\u6b64\u4e00\u9644\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u5728\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ea\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5c31\u8ddf \"y\"\u505a\u642d\u914d\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u4e00\u88ab\u642d\u914d\u6210\u4efd\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5247\u50c5\u6709 50%\u7684\u6a5f\uf961\u662f\u8207\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e \"y\"\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u67e5\u8a62\u5230\"y luego\"\u5728\u300c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u500b\uf969(4,239)\u8207 \u4e92\ufa0a\u8a0a\u606f\u503c(6.6)\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u5176\u4e92\ufa0a\u8a0a\u606f\u503c\u96d6\uf967\u5982\u4fee\u6b63\u6587\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7d04\u70ba\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u7684\uf978\u500d\uff0c\uf9d0 \u4f3c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u642d\u914d\u7bc4\uf9b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u6559\u5b78\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u9192\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 ..\u53ef\u662f/\u4f46\u662f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u56e0\u70ba...\u6240\u4ee5\u300d\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u6587\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c6c\u53cd\u7fa9 \u548c\u56e0\u679c\u7684\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u6210\u5206\"aunque, sin embargo, no obstante, pero\"\u4ee5\u53ca\"como, porque, por eso, por lo tanto\"\u53ea\u80fd\u64c7\u4e00\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6839\u64da Anderson (1990 Anderson ( , 1993 1, 811, 191) though 164,532however (142, 356) yet 135,705although (107, 965) rather (100 \u8868\u516b\u5448\u73fe\uf9ba\u53f0\u7063\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6587\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a9e\u82f1\u6587\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8a9e\u897f\u6587\u4e09\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6bcd \u8a9e\u8005\u5728\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9ad8\u4f4e\u983b\u7684\u9806\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u897f\u6587\u88dc\u5145\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u4e2d\u4f9d\u5e8f\u4ee5\"adem\u00e1s, a la vez\"\u548c\"asimismo\"\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u983b\uf961\u6392\u5e8f\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u7fa9\u7684\u82f1\u6587\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u4f9d\u5e8f\u70ba\"besides, moreover\" \u548c\"furthermore\"\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u5247\u662f\u300c\u800c\u4e14\u3001\u4e26\u4e14\u3001\u6b64\u5916\u300d\u3002\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e2d\u6587\u8868\u9054\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4e00 \u65b9\u9762\u300d\u548c\u300c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u300d\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u983b\u6392\u5e8f(\u524d\u8005\u9ad8\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005)\uf967\u540c\u65bc\u897f\u6587\u7684\"por otra parte, por otro lado, por un lado, por una parte\"\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u7684\"on the other hand\"\u548c\"on the one hand\"\uff1b\u4e14\u897f\u6587\u4e2d \u7684\"por otra parte, por otro lado\"\u9ad8\u65bc\"por un lado, por una parte\"\u3002\u53c8\u5982\u897f\u6587\u7684\u53cd\u7fa9\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u9ad8 \u4f4e\u983b\u4f9d\u5e8f\u70ba\"pero, sin embargo, no obstante, empero\"\u3002\u6559\u5b78\u8005\uf974\u5584\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u6392 \u5e8f\u4e4b\u8de8\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u540c\uf962\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u807d\u3001\uf96f\u3001\uf95a\u3001\u5beb\uf967\u540c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\u8a2d\u8a08\u6559\u6848\uff0c\u9810\u671f\u5b78\u7fd2 \u8005\u61c9\u53ef\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u76ca\u3002 \u63a5\u4e0b\uf92d\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u7531\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\uf978\u65b9\u9762\u9032\ufa08\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u900f\u904e\u300c\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab \u5de5\u5177\u300d\u76f4\u63a5\u6aa2\uf96a\u51fa\u7531\u897f\u8a9e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u6240\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\uf965\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u539f\u59cb\u4f5c\u6587\u9032\ufa08\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u5206 \u300c\u591a\u3001\u5c11\u548c\u8aa4\u7528\u300d\uf9d0\u5225\u4ee5\u53ca\u6839\u64da\u300c\u8b93\u6b65\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u88dc\u5145\u300d\u8a9e\u610f\u5206\uf9d0\u63d0\u9192\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u6ce8\u610f(\u5982\uf906\u5b50 (3) a. Cuba a los platillos volantes, de los que se habla durante mucho tiempo y luego pasan a\u00f1os sin que se vuelva a decir nada de ellos. 16 b. y mi concentraci\u00f3n no rinden al m\u00e1ximo. Si yo dirigiera una sola vez y luego nada, otra vez y luego nada, entonces no conseguir\u00eda buenos resultados. 17 c. m\u00e1quinas comerciales cada vez m\u00e1s. En primer lugar porque es muy pr\u00e1ctico, y luego porque nosotros no somos una f\u00e1brica de ordenadores. 18 \u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc4\uf9b5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\"...(,)y luego....\"\u548c\"Y luego...\"\uf978\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u9010\u5b57\u89e3 \u91cb\uff0c\"y\"\u662f\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\uff0c\"luego\"\u8868\u6642\u9593\u300c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u300d\u4e4b\u8a9e\u610f\uff0c\u7576\uf978\u8a5e\u642d\u914d\u6642\uff0c\u5247\u5177\u6709\u524d\u5f8c\u8a9e\u610f\uf99a\u63a5\u3001 \u53e3\u6c23\u5ef6\u9806\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uf96f\u660e\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u8209\uf9b5\uf92d\uf96f\uff1a3(a)\u548c(b)\uf906\u4e2d\u7684\" y luego\"\u5c6c\u65bc\uf99a\u63a5\u524d\u5f8c\u8a9e \u610f\u548c\u53e3\u6c23\uff1b\u800c 3(c)\uf906\u4e2d\u7684\"y luego\"\u5247\u6709\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uf96f\u660e\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u610f\u3002 ", | |
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| "text": "(Shimizu, Du & Dantsuji, 2004)", | |
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| "text": "Mart\u00edn & Portol\u00e9s (1999)", | |
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| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 608, | |
| "end": 622, | |
| "text": "Montol\u00edo (1998", | |
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| "end": 640, | |
| "text": "Montol\u00edo ( , 2000", | |
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| "end": 658, | |
| "text": "Montol\u00edo ( , 2001", | |
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| { | |
| "start": 661, | |
| "end": 675, | |
| "text": "S\u00e1nchez (1993)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF25" | |
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| { | |
| "start": 678, | |
| "end": 692, | |
| "text": "Lu & Lu (2006)", | |
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| "end": 1303, | |
| "text": "Anderson (1990", | |
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| "text": "Anderson ( , 1993", | |
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| "text": "\u70ba 2006 \uf98e\u6642\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u8a72\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u8a9e\uf9be\u4e4b\u64f4\u5145\uff0c\u73fe\u67e5\u8a62\u6240\u5f97\u7b46\uf969\u5206\u5225\u70ba pero (131,191), mientras que (3,993)\uff0c\u5dee\u8ddd\u4ea6\u96a8\u4e4b\u64f4\u5927\u3002", | |
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| "text": "\u5b78\u7fd2\u6642\uf969\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a\u03b1 (\u6bcf\u9031\u897f\u6587\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6642\uf969) x 16(\u9031) x 2(\u5b78\u671f\uf969) x \u03b2(\u5b78\u7fd2\uf98e\uf969)\u3002", | |
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| "first": "F", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Du", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "M", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Dantsuji", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 2004, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "6", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "91--105", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Shimizu, M., Du, F., & Dantsuji, M. (2004). Construction of the Chinese Learners' Parallel Corpus of Japanese and its preliminary analysis. K@ta, 6(2), 91-105.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF27": { | |
| "ref_id": "b27", | |
| "title": "The Relationship between conjunction use and language proficiency", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Jwo-Shien", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Wu", | |
| "suffix": "" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": 1996, | |
| "venue": "Studies in English Language and Literature", | |
| "volume": "1", | |
| "issue": "8", | |
| "pages": "50--57", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Wu, Jwo-Shien. (1996). The Relationship between conjunction use and language proficiency. Studies in English Language and Literature, 1(8), 50-57.", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF30": { | |
| "ref_id": "b30", | |
| "title": "UAM", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "2", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Corpus de Aprendices Taiwaneses de Espa\u00f1ol (CATE), http://corpora.flld.ncku.edu.tw/ Corpus del Espa\u00f1ol, Mark Davies, http://www.corpusdelespanol.org/x.asp Corpus Escrito del Espa\u00f1ol L2 (CEDEL2), UAM, http://www.uam.es/proyectosinv/woslac/cedel2.htm", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF31": { | |
| "ref_id": "b31", | |
| "title": "Corpus of Contemporary American (COCA)", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Corpus of Contemporary American (COCA), Mark Davies, http://www.americancorpus.org/ ParaConc, Michael Barlow, http://paraconc.com/", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
| "BIBREF32": { | |
| "ref_id": "b32", | |
| "title": "Spanish Learner Language Oral Corpus (SPLLOC)", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": null, | |
| "venue": "", | |
| "volume": "", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "Spanish Learner Language Oral Corpus (SPLLOC), http://www.splloc.soton.ac.uk/ Tree Tagger, University of Stuttgart, http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/projekte/corplex/TreeTagger/", | |
| "links": null | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "ref_entries": { | |
| "FIGREF0": { | |
| "num": null, | |
| "text": "(1)a-b, (2)a-b \u6240\u793a)\u3002\u63a5\u8457\u518d\u9593\u63a5\u642d\u914d\u300cGoogle \u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\u300d(Google Translator)15 \u7684\u82f1\u3001\u4e2d\u7ffb \uf933\u6167\u5a1f\u3001\uf980\uf90f\u96ea \u8b6f(\u5982\uf906\u5b50(1)c-d, (2)c-d \u6240\u793a)\uff0c\u8b93\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\uf9e4\u89e3\u5176\u6bcd\u8a9e(\u4e2d\u6587)\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5916\u8a9e(\u82f1\u8a9e)\u7684\u8a9e\u610f\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u81ea\u52d5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4ecd\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u6539\u5584\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\uf967\u53ef\u8af1\u8a00\uff0c\u300cGoogle \u7ffb\u8b6f\u5668\u300d \u4ecd\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u81ea\u52d5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u6210\u6548\u8f03\u4f73\u8005\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u56e0\u61c9\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u5927\uf97e\u7bc4\uf9b5\uff0c\u8003\uf97e\u6548\uf961\u8207\uf965\uf9dd\u7684\u56e0 \u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63a1\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u4fee\u6b63\u81ea\u52d5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uf92d\u7bc0\uf96d\u6642\u9593\u8207\u4eba\uf98a\u3002 (1) \u88dc\u5145\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u5c11\u7528 a. habitualmente leer en la cama hasta me duermo luego apaco la luz (\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u897f\u6587\u4f5c\u6587\u539f\u59cb\u6587) b. habitualmente leo en la cama hasta que me duermo y luego apago la luz (\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u6587) c. usually I read in bed until I fall asleep and then turn off the light (\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f) d. \u901a\u5e38\u6211\u6703\u8eba\u5728\u5e8a\u4e0a\u770b\u66f8\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u7761\u8457\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u95dc\u71c8\u3002(\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f) (2) \u53cd\u7fa9\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u591a\u7528 a. Aunque es un poco sosa, pero me gusta la. (\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u897f\u6587\u4f5c\u6587\u539f\u59cb\u6587) b. Aunque es un poco aburrido, me gusta. (\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u4fee\u6539\u6587) c. Although it is a bit boring, I like it. (\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f) d. \u96d6\u7136\u6709\u9ede\u7121\u804a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u559c\u6b61\u3002(\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8b6f) \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u897f\u8a9e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u5c45\u9593(Keywords in Context: KWIC)\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u540c\u4e00\uf9d0\u578b\u7684\u4e00\uf99a\uf905\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7bc4\uf9b5\uff0c\u5f37\u5316\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9032 \u4e00\u6b65\u89c0\u5bdf\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u524d\u5f8c\u9ad8\u983b\uf961\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6210\u5206\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u6559\u5c0e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5b78\u7fd2\u897f\u8a9e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u5728 \uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6163\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8a0e\uf941\u904e\u7684\u642d\u914d\u8a5e\"y luego\"\u70ba\uf9b5\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u7d50\u679c\u5982\u7bc4\uf9b5((3)a-c) \u7684\uf906\u5b50\u6240\u793a\u3002", | |
| "uris": null, | |
| "type_str": "figure" | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF0": { | |
| "num": null, | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>\u4ee5\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u70ba\u672c\u4e4b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7814\u7a76</td><td>405 \uf933\u6167\u5a1f\u3001\uf980\uf90f\u96ea</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5011\u6240\u66f8\u5beb\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5167\u5bb9\u904e\u65bc\u53e3\u8a9e\u5316\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b63\u5f0f\u66f8\u5beb\u6587\u9ad4\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8f03\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002(3)\u76ee\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u6240\u4f7f \u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u548c\u53f0\u7063\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c \u300c\u53f0\u7063\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d (CATE: Corpus</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u7528\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u591a\u4ee5\u6e9d\u901a\u5f0f\u6559\u5b78\u6cd5\u70ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u504f\u91cd\u8a9e\u8a00\u8868\u9054\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c0d\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7684\u7279 de Aprendices Taiwaneses de Espa\u00f1ol) \uff0c \u53ef \u516c \u958b \u6aa2 \uf96a \u7684 \u7db2 \u5740 \u70ba</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6027\u3001\u5206\uf9d0\u53ca\u5176\u5728\uf967\u540c\u6587\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u8f03\u5c11\u6d89\uf976\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5c0d\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7684\u638c\u63e1 http://corpora.flld.ncku.edu.tw/\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8a08\u542b 1,913 \u7bc7\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u66f8\u9762\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u7e3d\u5b57\uf969\uf97e\u7d04 34 \u842c\u5b57\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u8f03\uf967\u8db3\u3002 \u6587\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u6a19\u8a3b\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u8a5e\uf9d0\u8207\u5b57\u6839\u8a3b\u8a18\uff0c\u6aa2\uf96a\u6642\u53ef\u8a2d\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u9032\ufa08\u5b57(\uf905)\u3001\u8a72\u5b57</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u672c\uf941\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u7d50\u5408\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u6280\u8853\u5efa\u69cb\u300c\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u82f1\u897f\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d(Corpus Paralelo de \u8a5e\uf9d0\u3001\u5b57\u6839\u53ca\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u8a5e\uf9d0\u7684\u6aa2\uf96a\u3002</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Aprendices Taiwaneses de Espa\u00f1ol e Ingl\u00e9s, CPATEI)\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u4e4b\u70ba\u672c\u3001\u8f14\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9032\ufa08</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5167\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6db5\u84cb\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u548c\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\uf978\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u7531 2.1.2 \u5e73\ufa08\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u7c21\u8ff0\u76f8\u95dc\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u679c\u53ca\u8a9e\uf9be\u5f8c\u7e8c\u8655\uf9e4\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u5e73\ufa08\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u8a9e\u7684\u5e73\ufa08\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u6975\u70ba\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5982\u65e5-\u82f1\u8a9e</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u5206\u6790\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u932f\u8aa4\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u800c\u6aa2\u8996\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\uf96b\u8003\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u4f7f</td></tr><tr><td>\u7528\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6559\u5b78\u7bc4\uf9b5\u4ee5\u4f9b\uf96b\u8003\u3002</td><td/></tr><tr><td>2. \u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867</td><td/></tr><tr><td>2.1 \u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u5efa\u69cb</td><td/></tr><tr><td>2.1.1 \u55ae\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">1. \u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u5efa\u69cb\u8207\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684 \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\uf98e\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u5f15\u8d77\u8d8a\uf92d\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\uf967\u53ef\u8af1\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u91cd \u5fc3\u4ecd\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u82f1\u8a9e\u6216\u55ae\u8a9e\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u8207\u958b\u767c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u5e73\ufa08\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u7684\u5efa\u7f6e\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a \u5728\u570b\u5916\uff0c\u50c5\u6709\u300c\u4ee5\u897f\u8a9e\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a9e\u4e4b\u66f8\u5beb\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d(CEDEL2: \u5728\u570b\u5167\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5982\u5c07\u4e4b\u8a6e\u91cb\u70ba\u300c\u8a9e\uf9be\u5f59\u6574\u300d\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5247</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\uf969\u4ecd\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a9e\u8a00(L2)\u548c\u6bcd\u8a9e(L1)\u7684\u5e73\ufa08\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0a\uff1b\u4ee5\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u64f4\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a9e \u5728\u53f0\u7063\u897f\u8a9e\u6559\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uf967\u4e4f\u4ee5\u4e4b\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\uf941\u8457\uff0c\u5982\u767d\u4fdd\uf90f\u3001\uf9f4\u59ff\u5982\u7b49\u4eba\u7686\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u6240</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e09\u8a9e\u5f71\u97ff\u56e0\u7d20\u8003\uf97e\u7684\u5e73\ufa08\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u5247\u672a\ufa0a\u3002\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u9700\u6c42\u4e4b\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c \u5f59\u6574\u7684\u66f8\u9762\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u9032\ufa08\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u5728\u53e3\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u7531 Javier P\u00e9rez & Miguel</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e00\u5373\u5efa\u69cb\u300c\u5e73\ufa08\u96d9\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d(CPATEI)\u3002 Rubio \u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6587\u53e3\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab(Corpus Oral del Espa\u00f1ol en Taiw\u00e1n, COET)\uff0c\u5efa</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u672c\uf941\u6587\u7684\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u61c9\u7528\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4ee5\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u8b70\u984c\u3002\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u65bc\uf99a\u63a5 \u69cb\u65bc 2004 \uf98e\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\uf9ba 82 \u500b\u4ee5\u6587\u85fb\u5916\u8a9e\u5b78\u9662\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\u6240\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6703\u8a71\uf93f\u97f3</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\uf906\u4e2d\u7684\u8a5e\u8207\u8a5e\u3001\u7247\u8a9e\u8207\u7247\u8a9e\u3001\u5b50\uf906\u8207\u5b50\uf906\u6216\uf906\u8207\uf906\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u8457\uf997\u7e6b\u8a9e\u610f\u3001\u4f7f\u8868\u9054\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\u901a \u6a94\u6848\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e7e\u500b\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8cc7\uf9be\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7686\u5df2\u96fb\u5b50\u5316\u6216\u7d93\u904e\u4eba\u5de5\u8a3b\u8a18\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\u6c92</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u9806\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\uf95a\u8005\uf9e4\u89e3\u6587\u672c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u9078\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\uf92d\u81ea\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u5be6 \u6709\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6574\u5408\u6210\u53ef\u4e92\u63db\u3001\u518d\uf9dd\u7528\u6216\u7d50\u5408\u79d1\u6280\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u516c\u958b\u6aa2\uf96a\u7684\u8a9e\uf9be\u5171\u4eab\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u969b\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\uff1a(1)\u53f0\u7063\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u6709\u5beb\u51fa\u5177\uf99a\u8cab\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5728\u66f8\u5beb\uf906\u5b50 \u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u5efa\u7f6e\uf9ba\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u8a72\u6821\u5916\u8a9e\u5b78\u9662\u591a\u8a9e\u7a2e(23 \u7a2e\u8a9e\u7a2e)\u7279\u8272\u7684\u300c\u5916\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d\uff0c</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u6642\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u5728\uf99a\u63a5\u8a5e\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u5c11\u7528\u6216\u8aa4\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8a9e\u610f\uf99a\u8cab\u4e0a\u7684\uf967\u9806\u66a2\u3002(2)\u4ed6 \u76ee\u524d\u672a\u5305\u542b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78\u591a\u570b\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5305\u62ec\u53f0\u7063\u65e5\u8a9e</td></tr></table>", | |
| "html": null, | |
| "text": "Corpus Escrito del Espa\u00f1ol L2) \u548c\u300c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u53e3\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d(SPLLOC: Spanish Learner Language Oral Corpus)\uff0c\u4e14 \uf978\u8005\u7686\u4ee5\u82f1\u8a9e\u70ba\u6bcd\u8a9e\u4e4b\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u70ba\u8a9e\uf9be\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002 \u300c\u4ee5\u897f\u8a9e\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8a9e\u4e4b\u66f8\u5beb\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d (CEDEL2) \u7531\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u99ac\u5fb7\uf9e9\u81ea\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78(Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)\u66a8\u683c\uf925\u7d0d\u9054\u5927\u5b78 (Universidad de Granada)\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u3002\u8a9e\uf9be\uf97e\u7d04 60 \u842c\u5b57\uff0c\u8a9e\uf9be\uf92d\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u6db5\u84cb\u8d85\u904e 1500 \u4f4d\u4ee5\u82f1 \u8a9e\u70ba\u6bcd\u8a9e\u4e4b\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u548c\u7d04 500 \u4f4d\u897f\u8a9e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u672a\u958b\u653e\u6aa2\uf96a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\uf9dd\u7528\u6027\u6709 \u9650\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u53e3\u8a9e\u8a9e\uf9be\u5eab\u300d(SPLLOC) \u7531\u82f1\u570b\u5357\u5b89\u666e\u6566 \u5927 \u5b78 (Southampton University) \u3001 \uf9cf \u5361 \uf96a \u5927 \u5b78 (Newcastle University) \u53ca \u7d04 \u514b \u5927 \u5b78 (York University) \u4e09\u6240\u5927\u5b78\u66a8\u7d93\u6fdf\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u9662(Economic and Social Research Council)\u5408\u4f5c\u6240\u5efa \u69cb\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5171\u6709 60 \u4f4d\u4ee5\u82f1\u8a9e\u70ba\u6bcd\u8a9e\u4e4b\u897f\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\uf96b\u8207\u7684\uf93f\u97f3\u6a94\u6848\u7d04 240 \u7b46\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u542b \u897f\u8a9e\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u7684\u8a9e\uf9be\uf93f\u97f3\u6a94\u6848\u7d04 50 \u7b46\u3002\u5176\u5efa\u69cb\u8a08\u756b\u5305\u542b\uf978\u968e\u6bb5\uff1aSPLLOC 1 \u548c SPLLOC 2\u3002 \u76ee\u524d SPLLOC 1 \u5df2\u958b\u653e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u9078\u64c7\u9650\u5b9a\u6216\uf967\u9650\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u9032\ufa08\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u7684\u6aa2\uf96a\u3002" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |