Eritrea

qas: question: Where in Eritrea did Italian scientists find one of the oldest hominids?
answers: text: Buya
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question: How old was the hominid that was found in Eritrea?
answers: text: over 1 million years
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question: What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution?
answers: text: section of the Danakil Depression
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question: What possible link is represented by the hominid found in Eritrea?
answers: text: hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans
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question: What is the importance pertaining to the age of the hominid that was found in Eritrea?
answers: text: it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind
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question: What did German scientists find in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: How old was the newest archaic Homo sapiens skeleton found in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where in Eritrea is it believed that no traces of evolution to anatomically modern humans will ever be found?
is_impossible: yes

question: How far back can anatomically modern human bones be found?
is_impossible: yes

question: How far back do scientists think archaic Homo sapiens transitioned to anatomically modern humans?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the Constitution establish of all Eritrean languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many ecoregions make up Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes
context: At Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the section of the Danakil Depression in Eritrea was also a major player in terms of human evolution, and may contain other traces of evolution from Homo erectus hominids to anatomically modern humans.

qas: question: Who was James Bruce?
answers: text: Scottish traveler
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question: In 1770, who reported that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia?
answers: text: James Bruce
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question: How is The Bahre-Nagassi translated?
answers: text: "Kings of the Sea"
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question: What determined whether The Bahre-Nagassi fought with or against the Abyssinians?
answers: text: geopolitical circumstances
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question: Which century marked the arrival of the Ottomans?
answers: text: 16th
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question: Where did the Ottomans come from?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was James Bruce born?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was the ruler of Bahre-Nagassi?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Abyssinia collapse?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal die?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
is_impossible: yes

question: What purpose did stelae serve?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.

qas: question: What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates?
answers: text: modern-day Eritrea
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question: When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea?
answers: text: 1947
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question: What was the result of the War of Independence?
answers: text: Eritrean independence
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question: What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000?
answers: text: Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia
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question: What subsequently led to the Eritran War of Independence?
answers: text: annexation
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question: In what year was the Sultanate of Aussa founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who won the Eritrean-Ethiopian war of 1998-2000?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Eritrea first skirmish with Djibouti?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Italian Eritrea get founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
is_impossible: yes

question: How far above sea level is Mecca?
is_impossible: yes
context: The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia.

qas: question: What is the Gash Group?
answers: text: an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization
is_impossible: no

question: What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of?
answers: text: the Gash Group
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question: Where is Agordat located?
answers: text: central Eritrea
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question: When did the C-Group inhabit the Nile Valley?
answers: text: between 2500–1500 BC
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question: What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches?
answers: text: linguistic
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question: What city is located in northern Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: When can the Berber be dated back to?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did the Berber live in ancient times?
is_impossible: yes

question: What city lies in southern Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country is Peter Behrens from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do most Ethiopians put in their spicy stew?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
is_impossible: yes

question: According to many western countries, why have Eritrean authorities detained an unknown number of people?
is_impossible: yes
context: Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively.

qas: question: What purpose did stelae serve?
answers: text: religious
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question: Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times?
answers: text: The Aksumites
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question: Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet?
answers: text: the obelisk of Aksum
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question: Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana?
answers: text: Aksum
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question: Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting?
answers: text: Aksum
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question: In what year was the obelisk of Aksum carved?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did the Aksum become Christians?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was Mecca founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: How far above sea level is Mecca?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Muslims build in the 7th century for religious purposes?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many people speak Italian in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long ago was the last interglacial period?
is_impossible: yes

question: What land species can be found in the coastal areas?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba.

qas: question: What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions?
answers: text: ACABQ
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question: What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?
answers: text: International Criminal Police Organization
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question: Which league is Eritrea an observing member of?
answers: text: Arab League
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question: What is the acronym for the Non-aligned Movement?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development?
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question: What is the acronym for the Permanent Court of Arbitration?
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question: What is the acronym for the World Customs Organization?
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question: What is the distance between Asmara and Massawa?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a major cause of death in neonates in Eriterea?
is_impossible: yes

question: How old was the hominid that was found in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes
context: Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization.

qas: question: Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis?
answers: text: Zoskales
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question: How did the Aksumite rulers facilitate trade?
answers: text: by minting their own Aksumite currency
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question: Which kingdoms did Aksum regularly enter the politics of?
answers: text: on the Arabian peninsula
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question: Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?
answers: text: Himyarite Kingdom
is_impossible: no

question: Where was Ivory exported according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea?
answers: text: throughout the ancient world
is_impossible: no

question: Whose face was on the Aksumite currency?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country politics did the Aksumite rulers refuse to get involved with?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what country was the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written?
is_impossible: yes

question: What product did the Kingdom of Kush export?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did Eritrea gain independence?
is_impossible: yes
context: The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom.

qas: question: When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati?
answers: text: 1888
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question: When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands?
answers: text: 1911
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question: What was the longest line in the world during its time?
answers: text: The Asmara–Massawa Cableway
is_impossible: no

question: Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway?
answers: text: the British
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question: In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed?
answers: text: police and public works departments
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question: In what year was the Asmara-Massawa Cableway completed?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did the First Italo-Abyssinian War start?
is_impossible: yes

question: What nationality started the Italo-Turkish war?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did the Eritrean Railway originate?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the stringed krar a distant cousin of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where are African leopards predominantly found?
is_impossible: yes
context: In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars.

qas: question: Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950?
answers: text: United States
is_impossible: no

question: Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor?
answers: text: 390A(V)
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question: What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)??
answers: text: foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation
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question: Which Eritrean wishes did Resolution 390A(V) ignore?
answers: text: independence
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question: What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea?
answers: text: democratic rights and a measure of autonomy
is_impossible: no

question: What country was being led by an Emperor in 1950?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Eritrean wishes did UN Resolution 390A(V) fulfill?
is_impossible: yes

question: What UN Resolution was adopted in November 1950?
is_impossible: yes

question: What rights did UN Resolution 390A(V) give to Ethiopians?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the name of one of the Hanish Islands?
is_impossible: yes

question: How does the texture of Eritrean dishes compare to Ethiopian meals?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is someone served if they don't drink coffee or tea?
is_impossible: yes
context: Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy.

qas: question: What did the Eritrea administration open to produce products such as buttons and construction materials?
answers: text: a number of new factories
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question: How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939?
answers: text: around 2,198
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question: Who were the main employees in the factories of Eritrea?
answers: text: Eritrean citizens
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question: Besides Eritreans, which other nationality increased its city population because of new industries?
answers: text: Italians
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question: How much did the number of Italians residing in Eritrea increase in 5 years due to factories being built?
answers: text: from 4,600 to 75,000
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question: How many Italians lived in Eretria in 1939?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many plantations were owned by Eritreans?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the first factory in Italian Eritrea produce?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many Eritreans worked in the factories in 1939?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the main export of Italian Eritrea in 1939?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Imam Umar Din bin Adam ascend to the throne?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Abyssinia collapse?
is_impossible: yes

question: What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?
is_impossible: yes
context: Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans.

qas: question: What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region?
answers: text: Lions
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question: Which animal herds were thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence?
answers: text: elephant
is_impossible: no

question: In December 2001, how many elephants were seen in the vicinity of the Gash River?
answers: text: about 30
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question: What species did the elephants at the Gash River seem to form a symbiotic relationship with?
answers: text: olive baboons
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question: Where are African leopards predominantly found?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did the war of independence end?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where are bushbucks mostly found?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the topography of the Denkalia Region?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many African wild ass are thought to be left?
is_impossible: yes

question: When can the Berber be dated back to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What accusations has the Eritrean government owned up to?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal die?
is_impossible: yes
context: Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system.

qas: question: How many ecoregions make up Eritrea?
answers: text: three
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question: What is the highest point in Eritrea?
answers: text: Emba Soira
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question: Where is Emba Soira located?
answers: text: in the center of Eritrea
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question: How high is Emba Soira?
answers: text: 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level
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question: What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?
answers: text: The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression
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question: How high is Filfil Solomona above sea level?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the low point of Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is located in the Danakil Depression?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the climate of the Afar Triangle?
is_impossible: yes

question: What land species can be found in the coastal areas?
is_impossible: yes

question: What  domain were the Eritrean highlands under after the decline of Aksum?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was Citizens for Democratic Rights formed in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes
context: Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.

qas: question: How many elephants are believed to be left in Eritrea?
answers: text: around 100
is_impossible: no

question: What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka?
answers: text: deadly
is_impossible: no

question: Where in Eritrea can puff adder and red spitting cobra be found?
answers: text: widespread
is_impossible: no

question: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?
answers: text: coastal areas
is_impossible: no

question: Which dog, previously found in Eritrea, is now considered extirpated from the entire country?
answers: text: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
is_impossible: no

question: Where are the most southerly of East Africa's elephants to be found?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many African wild dog are there left?
is_impossible: yes

question: What nonpoisonous snake can be found in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What land species can be found in the coastal areas?
is_impossible: yes

question: What rare marine species can be found in the coastal areas of Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the Roman name for the Red Sea?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Ethiopia's cuisine influenced by?
is_impossible: yes
context: It is estimated that there are around 100 elephants left in Eritrea, the most northerly of East Africa's elephants. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was previously found in Eritrea, but is now deemed extirpated from the entire country. In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common. Puff adder and red spitting cobra are widespread and can be found even in the highlands.In the coastal areas marine species that are common include dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin/swordfish, and manta ray.

qas: question: According to Human Rights Watch, how do the human rights in Eritrea compare to the rest of the world?
answers: text: among the worst
is_impossible: no

question: According to a 500-page UN Human Rights Council report, what was widespread behavior by state officials in Eritrea?
answers: text: sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude
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question: What type of state government exists in Eritrea?
answers: text: a one-party state
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question: According to many western countries, why have Eritrean authorities detained an unknown number of people?
answers: text: for their political activism
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question: In what year was the United Nations Human Rights Council report written?
answers: text: 2015
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question: When was the last time national legislative elections were held?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country has one of the better human rights records in the world?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea released?
is_impossible: yes

question: What accusations has the Eritrean government owned up to?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?
is_impossible: yes

question: What protein is in tsebhi dorho in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: Whose rise to power in 1922 brought profounc change to the government in Italian Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes
context: Eritrea is a one-party state in which national legislative elections have been repeatedly postponed. According to Human Rights Watch, the government's human rights record is considered among the worst in the world. Most Western countries have accused the Eritrean authorities of arbitrary arrest and detentions, and of detaining an unknown number of people without charge for their political activism. However, the Eritrean government has continually dismissed the accusations as politically motivated. In June 2015, a 500-page United Nations Human Rights Council report accused Eritrea's government of extrajudicial executions, torture, indefinitely prolonged national service and forced labour, and indicated that sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude by state officials are also widespread.

qas: question: Why have Eritrean government officials participated in numerous meetings with NGO representatives?
answers: text: In an attempt at reform
is_impossible: no

question: What did the Eritrean government ban in 2007?
answers: text: female genital mutilation
is_impossible: no

question: What new movement is aimed at opening dialogue between the government and opposition?
answers: text: Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea
is_impossible: no

question: Who, along with ordinary citizens, makes up the Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea?
answers: text: some people close to the government
is_impossible: no

question: What are the main concerns Eritreans speak about in terms of female circumcision?
answers: text: health concerns and individual freedom
is_impossible: no

question: In what year did attempts at reform in Eritrea begin?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was Citizens for Democratic Rights formed in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: What new cultural practice are people trying to do away with in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: What ancient cultural practice occurs in urban areas?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of births are attended by health professionals as of 2016?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the stringed krar a distant cousin of?
is_impossible: yes
context: In an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues. In these sessions they have answered questions as fundamental as, "What are human rights?", "Who determines what are human rights?", and "What should take precedence, human or communal rights?" In 2007, the Eritrean government also banned female genital mutilation. In Regional Assemblies and religious circles, Eritreans themselves speak out continuously against the use of female circumcision. They cite health concerns and individual freedom as being of primary concern when they say this. Furthermore, they implore rural peoples to cast away this ancient cultural practice. Additionally, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009. The group consists of ordinary citizens and some people close to the government.

qas: question: In the 2014 Press Freedom Index, what organization ranked the media environment in Eritrea as the worse of 178 countries?
answers: text: Reporters Without Borders
is_impossible: no

question: How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea?
answers: text: just below
is_impossible: no

question: What type of media has been banned from Eritrea since 2001?
answers: text: Independent
is_impossible: no

question: According to the BBC, which African country is the only one that has no privately owned news media?
answers: text: Eritrea
is_impossible: no

question: According to Reporters Without Borders, where doesn't a single foreign news correspondent live?
answers: text: Asmara
is_impossible: no

question: In what year was Reporters Without Borders founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country was ranked at the top of the media environment list put together by Reporters Without Borders?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did The Guardian claim about Eritrea in 2015?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many native news correspondents are there in Asmara?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the Constitution establish of all Eritrean languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did attempts at reform in Eritrea begin?
is_impossible: yes
context: In its 2014 Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment in Eritrea at the very bottom of a list of 178 countries, just below totalitarian North Korea. According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of the public media, "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ... Not a single [foreign correspondent] now lives in Asmara." The state-owned news agency censors news about external events. Independent media have been banned since 2001. In 2015, The Guardian published an opinion piece claiming,

qas: question: Under which program did Eritrea develp and repair its transportation infrastructure during the war?
answers: text: Warsay Yika'alo
is_impossible: no

question: How long was the coastal highway between Massawa and Asseb?
answers: text: more than 500 km
is_impossible: no

question: What type of locomotives are sometimes used on the Eritrean Railway to cater to groups of enthusiasts?
answers: text: Steam
is_impossible: no

question: What is the capital of Eritrea?
answers: text: Asmara
is_impossible: no

question: Which railway was rehabilitated under the Warsay Yika'alo Program?
answers: text: Eritrean
is_impossible: no

question: How long is the Eritrean Railway?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many km of war-damaged roads has Eritrea fixed?
is_impossible: yes

question: How are most locomotives powered in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the distance between Asseb and Asmara?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the distance between Asmara and Massawa?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who is one of the members of the Eritrea national cycling team?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea released?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Eritrea do when it was accused of planting bombs at the African Union summit?
is_impossible: yes
context: Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure by asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war-damaged roads and bridges as a part of the Warsay Yika'alo Program. The most significant of these projects was the construction of a coastal highway of more than 500 km connecting Massawa with Asseb, as well as the rehabilitation of the Eritrean Railway. The rail line has been restored between the port of Massawa and the capital Asmara, although services are sporadic. Steam locomotives are sometimes used for groups of enthusiasts.

qas: question: What is the official language of Eritrea?
answers: text: The nation has no official language
is_impossible: no

question: What does the Constitution establish of all Eritrean languages?
answers: text: equality
is_impossible: no

question: What was the most widely spoken language in Eritrea in 2006?
answers: text: Tigrinya
is_impossible: no

question: What languages serve as de facto working languages in Eritrea?
answers: text: Modern Standard Arabic and English
is_impossible: no

question: What language is used in Eritrean university education and many technical fields?
answers: text: English
is_impossible: no

question: What is the second most spoken language in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many people speak English in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many speakers of Tigrinya are there in the world?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many people speak Italian in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language is used for business in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?
is_impossible: yes
context: Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the "equality of all Eritrean languages". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.

qas: question: Which part of Eritrea's health care goals have they been most successful in?
answers: text: child health
is_impossible: no

question: What was the Eritrean life expectancy at birth in 1960?
answers: text: 39.1
is_impossible: no

question: What was the Eritrean life expectancy st birth in 2008?
answers: text: 59.5
is_impossible: no

question: Which practice was banned by the Eritrean government with claimes it is painful and has life-threatening health problems for women?
answers: text: female genital mutilation
is_impossible: no

question: How much did the National Malaria Protection Unit reduce malarial mortality by from 1998 - 2006?
answers: text: 85%
is_impossible: no

question: In what year was female genital mutilation banned in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many kids had been vaccinated against measles in 2008?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the life expectancy in 2006 in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was the Millenium Development Goal targets put in place?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the World Health Organisation established?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what city was ELF headquartered?
is_impossible: yes

question: What football team does Didier Drogba play for?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?
is_impossible: yes
context: Eritrea has achieved significant improvements in health care and is one of the few countries to be on target to meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets in health, in particular child health. Life expectancy at birth has increased from 39.1 in 1960 to 59.5 years in 2008, maternal and child mortality rates have dropped dramatically and the health infrastructure has been expanded. Due to Eritrea's relative isolation, information and resources are extremely limited and according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) found in 2008 average life expectancy to be slightly less than 63 years. Immunisation and child nutrition has been tackled by working closely with schools in a multi-sectoral approach; the number of children vaccinated against measles almost doubled in seven years, from 40.7% to 78.5% and the underweight prevalence among children decreased by 12% in 1995–2002 (severe underweight prevalence by 28%). The National Malaria Protection Unit of the Ministry of Health has registered tremendous improvements in reducing malarial mortality by as much as 85% and the number of cases by 92% between 1998 and 2006. The Eritrean government has banned female genital mutilation (FGM), saying the practice was painful and put women at risk of life-threatening health problems.

qas: question: Where does the Italian influences on Eritrean cuisine come from?
answers: text: its colonial history
is_impossible: no

question: What food item did Italians bring to Eritrea during colonial times?
answers: text: pasta
is_impossible: no

question: What is Eritrea's popular alcoholic beverage Mies made out of?
answers: text: honey
is_impossible: no

question: How does 'Pasta al Sugo e Berbere' translate in English?
answers: text: "Pasta with tomato sauce and berbere" (spice)
is_impossible: no

question: What is the main food, influenced by Italy, eaten in Eritrea's capital today?
answers: text: pasta
is_impossible: no

question: What is one of the main foods eaten in Ethiopia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a common dish in Ethiopia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do people tend to drink in Ethiopia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a popular alcoholic drink in Ethiopia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Ethiopia's cuisine influenced by?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many speakers of Tigrinya are there in the world?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is Helen Meles noted for?
is_impossible: yes
context: Additionally, owing to its colonial history, cuisine in Eritrea features more Italian influences than are present in Ethiopian cooking, including more pasta and greater use of curry powders and cumin.The Italian Eritrean cuisine started to be practiced during the colonial times of the Kingdom of Italy, when a large number of Italians moved to Eritrea. They brought the use of "pasta" to Italian Eritrea, and it is one of the main food eaten in present-day Asmara. An Italian Eritrean cuisine emerged, and dishes common dishes are 'Pasta al Sugo e Berbere', which means "Pasta with tomato sauce and berbere" (spice), but there are many more like "lasagna" and "cotoletta alla milanese" (milano cutlet). Alongside sowa, people in Eritrea also tend to drink coffee. Mies is another popular local alcoholic beverage, made out of honey.

qas: question: What geographical location in Eritrea has largely shaped the culture of Eritrea?
answers: text: Red Sea coast
is_impossible: no

question: What is one of the most recognizable parts of Eritran culture that can be offered when visiting friends as well as being a daily staple of life?
answers: text: the coffee ceremony
is_impossible: no

question: How many rounds is coffee served in during a coffee ceremony?
answers: text: three
is_impossible: no

question: What do Eritrean's offer a person who declines coffee?
answers: text: most likely tea
is_impossible: no

question: What is the first round of the coffee ceremony called?
answers: text: awel
is_impossible: no

question: What is the first round of coffee called in Italian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the second round of coffee called in Italian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the third round of coffee called in Italian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is someone served if they don't drink coffee or tea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is one of the least drank beverages in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the birth of the Italian Empire declared?
is_impossible: yes

question: When can the Berber be dated back to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are T roads, the lowest level that typically serves local interests?
is_impossible: yes
context: The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by the country's location on the Red Sea coast. One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony. Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life. During the coffee ceremony, there are traditions that are upheld. The coffee is served in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning "to be blessed". If coffee is politely declined, then most likely tea ("shai" ሻሂ shahee) will instead be served.

qas: question: What country borders Eritrea in the west?
answers: text: Sudan
is_impossible: no

question: What country borders Eritrea in the south?
answers: text: Ethiopia
is_impossible: no

question: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast?
answers: text: Djibouti
is_impossible: no

question: What extensive coastline makes up a portion of Eritrea's East border?
answers: text: Red Sea
is_impossible: no

question: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea?
answers: text: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)
is_impossible: no

question: What is the total area of Ethiopia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the total area of Djibouti?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the name of one of the Hanish Islands?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was Eritrea founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the total area of the Red Sea?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?
is_impossible: yes

question: What accusations has the Eritrean government owned up to?
is_impossible: yes

question: How is the Eritrean highway system named?
is_impossible: yes
context: Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.

qas: question: What is the best know musical genre amongst the Tigrinya?
answers: text: guaila
is_impossible: no

question: What is the Eritrean traditional instrument, the wata?
answers: text: a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin
is_impossible: no

question: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?
answers: text: Helen Meles
is_impossible: no

question: What is Helen Meles noted for?
answers: text: her powerful voice and wide singing range
is_impossible: no

question: Who, in Eritrea, have their own styles of music and  accompanying dance?
answers: text: ethnic groups
is_impossible: no

question: What is the stringed krar a distant cousin of?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who is the most popular Italian artist in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What instrument did Abraham Afewerki play?
is_impossible: yes

question: What instrument does Yemane Baria play?
is_impossible: yes

question: What musical instrument does Ruth Abraha play?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long ago is it believed that early humans left Africa?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what city was ELF headquartered?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea released?
is_impossible: yes
context: Eritrea's ethnic groups each have their own styles of music and accompanying dances. Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila. Traditional instruments of Eritrean folk music include the stringed krar, kebero, begena, masenqo and the wata (a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin). The most popular Eritrean artist is the Tigrinya singer Helen Meles, who is noted for her powerful voice and wide singing range. Other prominent local musicians include the Kunama singer Dehab Faytinga, Ruth Abraha, Bereket Mengisteab, Yemane Baria, and the late Abraham Afewerki.

qas: question: What was the Eritrean region known as during the Middle Ages?
answers: text: Medri Bahri
is_impossible: no

question: When was Eritrea annexed by Ethiopia?
answers: text: 1953
is_impossible: no

question: When did the Eritrean Liberation Front form?
answers: text: 1960
is_impossible: no

question: When did Eritrea gain independence?
answers: text: following the 1993 referendum
is_impossible: no

question: What was the Roman name for the Red Sea?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did the Eritrean Liberation Front cease operations?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was Ethiopia founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was Italian Eritrea founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Ethiopia known as during the Middle Ages?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was Italian Eritrea significantly enlarged?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the life expectancy in 2006 in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: What land resources are the early humans thought to have eaten?
is_impossible: yes
context: During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]

qas: question: In 2010, what was conducted on mummified remains of baboons?
answers: text: genetic
is_impossible: no

question: What type of analysis did the scientists use to examine hairs from the 2 baboon mummies formerly preserved in the British Museum?
answers: text: oxygen isotope analysis
is_impossible: no

question: Who was determined to be the closest match for the baboon mummies?
answers: text: modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia
is_impossible: no

question: Where did the 2 baboons' mummified remains originate?
answers: text: Punt
is_impossible: no

question: Where did researchers suggest that Punt was located?
answers: text: region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea
is_impossible: no

question: How many mummified baboons did Punt gift to the ancient Egyptians?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year were the mummified baboons transferred from Egypt to the British Museum?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many mummified baboons does the Egyptian Museum now have on display?
is_impossible: yes

question: Scientists compared the DNA of the baboon with distorted isotopic data to what?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many hairs on each baboon mummy did scientists study?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was Italian Eritrea significantly enlarged?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many African wild ass are thought to be left?
is_impossible: yes
context: In 2010, a genetic study was conducted on the mummified remains of baboons that were brought back as gifts from Punt by the ancient Egyptians. Led by a research team from the Egyptian Museum and the University of California, the scientists used oxygen isotope analysis to examine hairs from two baboon mummies that had been preserved in the British Museum. One of the baboons had distorted isotopic data, so the other's oxygen isotope values were compared to those of present-day baboon specimens from regions of interest. The researchers found that the mummies most closely matched modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia, which they suggested implied that Punt was likely a narrow region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea.

qas: question: What  domain were the Eritrean highlands under after the decline of Aksum?
answers: text: Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus
is_impossible: no

question: What was the area in the Eritrean highlands named under Emperor Zaro Yaqob?
answers: text: Medri Bahri
is_impossible: no

question: What was the capitol of Medri Bahri?
answers: text: Debarwa
is_impossible: no

question: What were the main provinces of Medri Bahri?
answers: text: Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai
is_impossible: no

question: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?
answers: text: Sea land
is_impossible: no

question: Who ruled Aksum during its decline?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the area known as by the Aksum?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what province was the capital Debarwa located?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the capital of the Aksum?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was the ruler of Ethiopia at this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did German scientists find in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who signed the Treaty of Wuchale for Italy?
is_impossible: yes
context: After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus. The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river). It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, the Medri Bahri ("Sea land" in Tingrinya, although it included some areas like Shire on the other side of the Mereb, today in Ethiopia). With its capital at Debarwa, the state's main provinces were Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai.

qas: question: Whose rise to power in 1922 brought profounc change to the government in Italian Eritrea?
answers: text: Benito Mussolini's
is_impossible: no

question: When was Italian Eritrea significantly enlarged?
answers: text: After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire
is_impossible: no

question: When was the birth of the Italian Empire declared?
answers: text: May 1936
is_impossible: no

question: What was Eritrea chosen to be by the Italian government during the Italian Empire?
answers: text: industrial center of Italian East Africa
is_impossible: no

question: What does Africa Orientale Italiana mean?
answers: text: Italian East Africa
is_impossible: no

question: In what year was Italian Somaliland established?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was chosen to be the governmental center of Italian East Africa?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was Benito Mussolini nicknamed il Duce?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was Ethiopia's ruler before it was conquered?
is_impossible: yes

question: What men in Eritrea cover their hair?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many ecoregions make up Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the research team find in Massawa?
is_impossible: yes
context: In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.

qas: question: Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?
answers: text: Emperor Haile Selassie
is_impossible: no

question: What does the acroynm ELF stand for?
answers: text: Eritrean Liberation Front
is_impossible: no

question: Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed?
answers: text: ELF
is_impossible: no

question: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last?
answers: text: 30 years
is_impossible: no

question: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?
answers: text: EPLF
is_impossible: no

question: In what year did Haile Selassie step down as Emperor?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did the ELF collapse?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the name of one of the Ethiopian rebel forces?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the capital of Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what city was ELF headquartered?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the main provinces of Medri Bahri?
is_impossible: yes

question: What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?
is_impossible: yes
context: When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.

qas: question: What did disagreements following the Eritrean War result in?
answers: text: stalemate
is_impossible: no

question: What did the stalemate lead the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to do?
answers: text: take action on Ethiopia
is_impossible: no

question: Who accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit?
answers: text: Ethiopia
is_impossible: no

question: What supported the accusation that Eritrea planted bombs at the African Union summit?
answers: text: a UN report
is_impossible: no

question: What did Eritrea do when it was accused of planting bombs at the African Union summit?
answers: text: denied the claims
is_impossible: no

question: In what year did the war technically end?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was the Eleven Letters sent to United Nations Security Council?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the capital of Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what city is the UN based?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where was the African Union summit held in 2010?
is_impossible: yes

question: According to recent estimates, how many people follow just animism in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: What meat does a traditional Eritrean stew consist of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?
is_impossible: yes
context: Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war. The stalemate led the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to take action on Ethiopia with the Eleven Letters penned by the President to the United Nations Security Council. The situation has been further escalated by the continued efforts of the Eritrean and Ethiopian leaders in supporting opposition in one another's countries.[citation needed] In 2011, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit in Addis Ababa, which was later supported by a UN report. Eritrea denied the claims.

qas: question: In 2004, how many physicians did Eritrea have per 1000 people?
answers: text: 0.5
is_impossible: no

question: How prevalent is HIV among the 15-49 age group in Eritrea?
answers: text: exceeds 2%
is_impossible: no

question: What is the fertility rate in Eriterea?
answers: text: 5 births per woman
is_impossible: no

question: As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?
answers: text: 28.3%
is_impossible: no

question: What is a major cause of death in neonates in Eriterea?
answers: text: severe infection
is_impossible: no

question: What percentage of people in Eritrea get malaria each year?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of people with severe infections die in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of people over age 49 have HIV?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many physicians are there per 1000 people as of 2016?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of births are attended by health professionals as of 2016?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who won the 2012 Vuelta a Espana?
is_impossible: yes

question: How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the Gash Group?
is_impossible: yes
context: However, Eritrea still faces many challenges. Despite number of physicians increasing from only 0.2 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2004 per 1000 population, this is still very low. Malaria and tuberculosis are common in Eritrea. HIV prevalence among the 15–49 group exceeds 2%. The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman. Maternal mortality dropped by more than half from 1995 to 2002, although the figure is still high. Similarly, between 1995 and 2002, the number of births attended by skilled health personnel has doubled but still is only 28.3%. A major cause of death in neonates is by severe infection. Per capita expenditure on health is low in Eritrea.

qas: question: How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?
answers: text: Western casual
is_impossible: no

question: How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?
answers: text: suits
is_impossible: no

question: What are zurias, the traditional clothes still worn by Christian highlander women in Eritrea?
answers: text: bright white gowns
is_impossible: no

question: How do women in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean lowland dress?
answers: text: in brightly colored clothes
is_impossible: no

question: Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?
answers: text: Rashaida women
is_impossible: no

question: What do Muslims in the highlands wear?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do Christians in the Eritrean lowland wear?
is_impossible: yes

question: What women in Eritrea cover their hair?
is_impossible: yes

question: What men in Eritrea cover their hair?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do Rashaida women generally wear?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the main provinces of Medri Bahri?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes
context: Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns called zurias for the women, and long white shirts accompanied by white pants for the men. In Muslim communities in the Eritrean lowland, the women traditionally dress in brightly colored clothes. Only Rashaida women maintain a tradition of covering half of their faces, though they do not cover their hair.

qas: question: What are the most popular sports in Eritrea?
answers: text: Football and cycling
is_impossible: no

question: What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese?
answers: text: half marathon distance running
is_impossible: no

question: What is the name of the multi-stage international cycling event held throughout Eritrea?
answers: text: Tour of Eritrea
is_impossible: no

question: Who became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France?
answers: text: Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus
is_impossible: no

question: Who became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a Espana in 2012?
answers: text: Daniel Teklehaimanot
is_impossible: no

question: Who won the last Tour of Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who is one of the members of the Eritrea national cycling team?
is_impossible: yes

question: What football team does Didier Drogba play for?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Merhawi Kudus wearing at the end of the 2015 Tour de France?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who won the 2012 Vuelta a Espana?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of state government exists in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who signed the Treaty of Wuchale for Italy?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did German scientists find in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes
context: Football and cycling are the most popular sports in Eritrea. In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena. Zersenay Tadese, an Eritrean athlete, currently holds the world record in half marathon distance running. The Tour of Eritrea, a multi-stage international cycling event, is held annually throughout the country. The Eritrea national cycling team has experienced a lot of success, winning the continental cycling championship several years in a row. Six Eritrean riders have been signed to international cycling teams, including Natnael Berhane and Daniel Teklehaimanot. Berhane was named African Sportsman of the Year in 2013, ahead of footballers Yaya Touré and Didier Drogba, while Teklehaimanot became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a España in 2012. In 2015 Teklehaimanot won the King of the Mountains classification in the Critérium du Dauphine. Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France when they were selected by the MTN–Qhubeka team for the 2015 edition of the race, where, on 9 July, Teklehaimanot became the first African rider to wear the polkadot jersey.

qas: question: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period?
answers: text: early anatomically modern humans
is_impossible: no

question: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team?
answers: text: over 125,000 years old
is_impossible: no

question: Where did the Research Project Team find the obsidian tools?
answers: text: near the Bay of Zula
is_impossible: no

question: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans?
answers: text: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters
is_impossible: no

question: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?
answers: text: Eritrean Research Project Team
is_impossible: no

question: How long ago was the last interglacial period?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long ago is it believed that early humans left Africa?
is_impossible: yes

question: What land resources are the early humans thought to have eaten?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was the Eritrean Research Project Team formed?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the research team find in Massawa?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea released?
is_impossible: yes
context: During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.

qas: question: When was the Aussa Sultanate established?
answers: text: end of the 16th century
is_impossible: no

question: Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
answers: text: Denkel lowlands of Eritrea
is_impossible: no

question: Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?
answers: text: Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan
is_impossible: no

question: What did Kedafu establish in 1734?
answers: text: Mudaito Dynasty
is_impossible: no

question: What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?
answers: text: Mudaito Dynasty
is_impossible: no

question: In what year was Muhammed Jasa born?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was the Afar leader Kedafu born?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Imam Umar Din bin Adam ascend to the throne?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Aussa collapse?
is_impossible: yes

question: What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was Italian Eritrea founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long ago was the last interglacial period?
is_impossible: yes
context: At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.

qas: question: When did Emperor Yohannes II die?
answers: text: 1889
is_impossible: no

question: What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?
answers: text: the new colony of Italian Eritrea
is_impossible: no

question: What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?
answers: text: the Kingdom of Italy
is_impossible: no

question: When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
answers: text: 1889
is_impossible: no

question: What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?
answers: text: 1889–1913
is_impossible: no

question: In what year was Emperor Yohannes II born?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did King Menelik of Shewa first gain access to European arms and ammunition?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what modern-day country is Wuchale?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was one of King Menelik of Shewa's rival kings?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who signed the Treaty of Wuchale for Italy?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was the ruler of Ethiopia at this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many African wild ass are thought to be left?
is_impossible: yes

question: What possible link is represented by the hominid found in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes
context: In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.

qas: question: What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?
answers: text: Eritrea and Italian Somaliland
is_impossible: no

question: Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?
answers: text: Emperor Haile Selassie
is_impossible: no

question: Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?
answers: text: as a reward for their support during World War II
is_impossible: no

question: Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?
answers: text: The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties
is_impossible: no

question: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
answers: text: The British and Americans
is_impossible: no

question: In what decade did Haile Selassie become emperor of Ethiopia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What nation was part of the Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt the leader of?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what city was the First Session of the United Nations held?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was leading Italian Somaliland during this time after World War II?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did Emperor Yohannes II die?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who, along with ordinary citizens, makes up the Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was chosen to be the governmental center of Italian East Africa?
is_impossible: yes
context: In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.

qas: question: How is the Eritrean highway system named?
answers: text: according to the road classification
is_impossible: no

question: What are the three levels of road classification in Eritrea?
answers: text: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T)
is_impossible: no

question: What are T roads, the lowest level that typically serves local interests?
answers: text: improved earth roads which are occasionally paved
is_impossible: no

question: What are S roads, the mid-level that connects district capitals to regional capitals?
answers: text: single-layered asphalt road
is_impossible: no

question: What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?
answers: text: fully asphalted (throughout their entire length)
is_impossible: no

question: In what city is the UN based?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many people followed animism according to the Pew Research Center?
is_impossible: yes

question: In 2010, what was conducted on mummified remains of baboons?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons these roads typically become impassable. The next higher level road is a secondary road and typically is a single-layered asphalt road that connects district capitals together and those to the regional capitals. Roads that are considered primary roads are those that are fully asphalted (throughout their entire length) and in general they carry traffic between all the major towns in Eritrea.

qas: question: What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Christianity?
answers: text: 50%
is_impossible: no

question: What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Islam?
answers: text: 48%
is_impossible: no

question: What do unrecognized faiths and denominations in Eritrea have to undergo?
answers: text: a registration process
is_impossible: no

question: What does the government's registration system require religious groups to submit about their membership?
answers: text: personal information
is_impossible: no

question: When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches?
answers: text: May 2002
is_impossible: no

question: How many people followed animism according to the Pew Research Center?
is_impossible: yes

question: According to recent estimates, how many people follow just animism in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?
is_impossible: yes

question: As of May 2002 what percentage of Eritrean people were in the Evangelical Lutheran church?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of people attend the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in recent years?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Ethiopia's cuisine influenced by?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was determined to be the closest match for the baboon mummies?
is_impossible: yes
context: According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.

qas: question: What ages are officially compulsary for education in Eritrea?
answers: text: between seven and 13 years of age
is_impossible: no

question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school?
answers: text: 70%
is_impossible: no

question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend secondary school?
answers: text: 61%
is_impossible: no

question: What is the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools?
answers: text: 45 to 1
is_impossible: no

question: What is the student-teacher ratio in secondary schools?
answers: text: 54 to 1
is_impossible: no

question: What percentage of children between seven and 13 can read and write?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of elementary schools are open less than six hours per day?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of elementary schools are open more than six hours per day?
is_impossible: yes

question: What percentage of primary schools are open more than six hours per day?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the main export of Italian Eritrea in 1939?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where are African leopards predominantly found?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the second round of coffee called in Italian?
is_impossible: yes
context: Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.

qas: question: What meat does a traditional Eritrean stew consist of?
answers: text: beef, kid, lamb or fish
is_impossible: no

question: Which neighbor does Eritrean cuisine strongly resemble?
answers: text: Ethiopia
is_impossible: no

question: Why does Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine?
answers: text: their coastal location
is_impossible: no

question: How does the texture of Eritrean dishes compare to Ethiopian meals?
answers: text: lighter
is_impossible: no

question: What ingredients fo Eritreans tend to use less of than Ethiopians?
answers: text: seasoned butter and spices
is_impossible: no

question: What kind of food is injera?
is_impossible: yes

question: What protein is most popular in Ethiopia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What protein is in tsebhi dorho in Eretria?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do most Ethiopians put in their spicy stew?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do most Ethiopians put in their tsebhi dorho?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year was the United Nations Human Rights Council report written?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of state government exists in Eritrea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the stringed krar a distant cousin of?
is_impossible: yes
context: A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.