God

qas: question: What does it mean to say that God is omnipotent?
answers: text: unlimited power
is_impossible: no

question: What is the feeling of God being everywhere?
answers: text: omnipresence
is_impossible: no

question: What is the extent of God's knowledge?
answers: text: infinite knowledge
is_impossible: no

question: What is infinite knowledge classified as?
answers: text: omniscience
is_impossible: no

question: What is the benevolence of God called?
answers: text: omnibenevolence
is_impossible: no

question: Does God have a gender?
answers: text: without any human biological gender
is_impossible: no

question: What type of human is God portrayed as in some religions?
answers: text: a man (sometimes old and bearded)
is_impossible: no

question: What is a God in monotheism?
answers: text: Supreme Being and principal object of faith
is_impossible: no

question: How should monotheism not be portrayed?
is_impossible: yes

question: What gender do theologians usually use to define human biological gender?
is_impossible: yes

question: What has creating a non-corporeal being caused some religions to do regarding divine simplicity?
is_impossible: yes

question: In biological gender, what is the universe conceived of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are some concepts of the universe according to theologians?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Stephen Jay Gould call philosophy that deals in the supernatural?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the Holy Trinity?
is_impossible: yes

question: What three philosophers believed that God can be conceptualized in the integrative level theory?
is_impossible: yes
context: In monotheism and henotheism, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. The concept of God as described by theologians commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence. God is also usually defined as a non-corporeal being without any human biological gender, but the concept of God actively (as opposed to receptively) creating the universe has caused some religions to give "Him" the metaphorical name of "Father". Because God is conceived as not being a corporeal being, God cannot(some say should not) be portrayed in a literal visual image; some religious groups use a man (sometimes old and bearded) to symbolize God because of His deed of creating man's mind in the image of His own.

qas: question: In what belief is God the creator and sustainer of the universe?
answers: text: theism
is_impossible: no

question: What does deism believe God's role in the universe is?
answers: text: the creator, but not the sustainer
is_impossible: no

question: Which belief is that God is the universe?
answers: text: pantheism
is_impossible: no

question: Which belief system definitively believes in no Higher Power or Supreme Being?
answers: text: atheism
is_impossible: no

question: Which belief system belives in some form of higher powwer, or something, but not organized religion?
answers: text: agnosticism
is_impossible: no

question: What is God in theism?
answers: text: creator and sustainer of the universe
is_impossible: no

question: What is God in deism?
answers: text: the creator
is_impossible: no

question: What is monotheism?
answers: text: belief in the existence of one God
is_impossible: no

question: What is atheism?
answers: text: God is not believed to exist
is_impossible: no

question: What two attributes describe God in deism?
is_impossible: yes

question: In theism what does God not do regarding the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: According to monotheism, what does God consist of?
is_impossible: yes

question: When you are an agnostic, what do you think doesn't exist?
is_impossible: yes

question: What have many notable agnostics developed about pantheism?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are Yaweh and Jehovah used in Atenism as?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was practiced by the Germanic people before their Christianization?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?
is_impossible: yes
context: In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God is not believed to exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent". Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God.

qas: question: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?
answers: text: Yahweh and Jehovah
is_impossible: no

question: What is the Holy Trinity?
answers: text: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
is_impossible: no

question: In the time of Atenism, what was God called?
answers: text: Aten
is_impossible: no

question: What is the Islamic name for God?
answers: text: Allah
is_impossible: no

question: What do members of the Bahá'í Faith call God?
answers: text: Baha
is_impossible: no

question: What was the first monotheistic religion?
answers: text: Atenism
is_impossible: no

question: What is the God of the Hebrew Bible called?
answers: text: YHWH
is_impossible: no

question: What is the Christian God called?
answers: text: Yahweh and Jehovah
is_impossible: no

question: What are the 2 titular names of God in the Jewish religion?
answers: text: Elohim or Adonai
is_impossible: no

question: Where do scholars believe the name Adonai came from?
answers: text: Aten
is_impossible: no

question: In the Egyptian era of Atenism, what were YHWH and I am that I am used as?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are Yaweh and Jehovah used in Atenism as?
is_impossible: yes

question: In Christianity what is Bramen considered?
is_impossible: yes

question: In Aten what is the name for the Holy Spirit?
is_impossible: yes

question: In Sikhism, how many persons are attributed to God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does NOMA avoid about God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are some concepts of the universe according to theologians?
is_impossible: yes
context: There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, "He Who Is", "I Am that I Am", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, "Al-El", or "Al-Elah" ("the God") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism.

qas: question: Where is the English word God derived from?
answers: text: the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan
is_impossible: no

question: Where the first Germanic words for God masculine or feminine?
answers: text: neuter—applying to both genders
is_impossible: no

question: When did the Germanic words for God take on a masculine form?
answers: text: Christianization of the Germanic peoples
is_impossible: no

question: What was practiced by the Germanic people before their Christianization?
answers: text: Germanic paganism
is_impossible: no

question: What did the gaelic root of the word for God mean?
answers: text: "to call" or "to invoke"
is_impossible: no

question: Where does the word God come from originally?
answers: text: Codex Argenteus
is_impossible: no

question: What language does the English word God come from?
answers: text: German
is_impossible: no

question: What gender where the original Germanic words meaning God in?
answers: text: neuter
is_impossible: no

question: Where does the earliest masculine form of the English word for God come from?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is the Codex form of the word from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the Argenteus usage based on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Argenteus mean?
is_impossible: yes

question: How were the English words for to call originally applied?
is_impossible: yes

question: How did St. Anselm define the existence of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the Holy Trinity?
is_impossible: yes

question: Although a proclaimed atheist, who was it that said "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"?
is_impossible: yes
context: The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant either "to call" or "to invoke". The Germanic words for God were originally neuter—applying to both genders—but during the process of the Christianization of the Germanic peoples from their indigenous Germanic paganism, the words became a masculine syntactic form.

qas: question: What differentiates God from gods?
answers: text: the capitalized form of God
is_impossible: no

question: What belief has many gods?
answers: text: polytheism
is_impossible: no

question: What does it mean to read the word LORD in all capitals in the Bible?
answers: text: signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton
is_impossible: no

question: What is the tetragrammaton gor God?
answers: text: YHWH
is_impossible: no

question: No matter which religion, what is usually used as the name for the Supreme Being?
answers: text: God
is_impossible: no

question: What form of the word God refers to polytheistic gods?
answers: text: gods
is_impossible: no

question: What is the name of God in Judaism?
answers: text: YHWH
is_impossible: no

question: What does the all caps word LORD used in some bibles represent?
answers: text: YHWH
is_impossible: no

question: In Edom what does the capitalized form of God represent?
is_impossible: yes

question: How is the Midianite word for God normally used?
is_impossible: yes

question: Related to the Midianite deity, what does the word remain in Edom?
is_impossible: yes

question: What proper name is God given in Midian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the word El signify in English?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the Germanic words for God take on a masculine form?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where the first Germanic words for God masculine or feminine?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the Holy Trinity?
is_impossible: yes
context: In the English language, the capitalized form of God continues to represent a distinction between monotheistic "God" and "gods" in polytheism. The English word God and its counterparts in other languages are normally used for any and all conceptions and, in spite of significant differences between religions, the term remains an English translation common to all. The same holds for Hebrew El, but in Judaism, God is also given a proper name, the tetragrammaton YHWH, in origin possibly the name of an Edomite or Midianite deity, Yahweh. In many translations of the Bible, when the word LORD is in all capitals, it signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton.

qas: question: What type of view do Christians take on God?
answers: text: trinitarian
is_impossible: no

question: How much can belief in God vary in Hinduism?
answers: text: region, sect, and caste
is_impossible: no

question: Does hinduism only believe in a single god?
answers: text: ranging from monotheistic to polytheistic to atheistic
is_impossible: no

question: What view does the Jewish community take on God?
answers: text: monotheistic
is_impossible: no

question: What kind of religion is Hinduism considered?
answers: text: dharmic
is_impossible: no

question: What type of religion is Judaism?
answers: text: monotheistic
is_impossible: no

question: What type of religion is Christianity?
answers: text: trinitarian
is_impossible: no

question: How many gods do the Hindu's have?
answers: text: monotheistic to polytheistic to atheistic.
is_impossible: no

question: How many gods do Christians have?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do the Buddhist religions do regarding God?
is_impossible: yes

question: How do views of God in Sakra vary?
is_impossible: yes

question: What role does Mahayana tradition have in salvation?
is_impossible: yes

question: How is the concept of God handled in dharmic religions?
is_impossible: yes

question: Although a proclaimed atheist, who was it that said "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Emile Durkheim believe happened when humans live in groups?
is_impossible: yes
context: There is no clear consensus on the nature or even the existence of God. The Abrahamic conceptions of God include the monotheistic definition of God in Judaism, the trinitarian view of Christians, and the Islamic concept of God. The dharmic religions differ in their view of the divine: views of God in Hinduism vary by region, sect, and caste, ranging from monotheistic to polytheistic to atheistic. Divinity was recognized by the historical Buddha, particularly Śakra and Brahma. However, other sentient beings, including gods, can at best only play a supportive role in one's personal path to salvation. Conceptions of God in the latter developments of the Mahayana tradition give a more prominent place to notions of the divine.[citation needed]

qas: question: What do Muslims believe that Trinitism too closely resembles?
answers: text: polytheism
is_impossible: no

question: Which belief is expected to never try and visualize God?
answers: text: iconodules
is_impossible: no

question: What is the most basic belief of the Muslim religion?
answers: text: tawhid
is_impossible: no

question: What religious text helps reinforce to Muslims that Christianity is more like polytheism?
answers: text: Quran
is_impossible: no

question: What is the meaning behind the Muslim concept of tawhid?
answers: text: "oneness" or "uniqueness"
is_impossible: no

question: What do monotheists believe?
answers: text: one god
is_impossible: no

question: What religion believes that all theist worship the same god?
answers: text: Hinduism and Sikhism
is_impossible: no

question: What is the trinity in Christianity?
answers: text: one God in three persons
is_impossible: no

question: What do Muslims think of Christianity?
answers: text: comparing it to polytheism
is_impossible: no

question: What are Christians not expected to do, since they are iconodules?
is_impossible: yes

question: What view about monotheists is emphasized by Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the Trinity doctrine describe according to theists?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do Hindus compare the divinity of Jesus to?
is_impossible: yes

question: In Christianity what does Jesus not resemble?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Émile Durkheim suggest about the existence of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why is it sometimes hard to think of God as benevolent?
is_impossible: yes
context: Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism. In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity describes God as one God in three persons. The Trinity comprises God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and God the Holy Spirit. Islam's most fundamental concept is tawhid (meaning "oneness" or "uniqueness"). God is described in the Quran as: "Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him." Muslims repudiate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and divinity of Jesus, comparing it to polytheism. In Islam, God is beyond all comprehension or equal and does not resemble any of his creations in any way. Thus, Muslims are not iconodules, and are not expected to visualize God.

qas: question: What is the basis behind Catholic theology?
answers: text: God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time
is_impossible: no

question: What ways can God interact with the universe?
answers: text: religious experience and the prayers of humans
is_impossible: no

question: Why is it sometimes hard to think of God as benevolent?
answers: text: God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world
is_impossible: no

question: What is the suffix theism used for?
answers: text: used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods
is_impossible: no

question: What are examples of different types of theism?
answers: text: monotheism or polytheism
is_impossible: no

question: What three points do most theists agree on?
answers: text: God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent,
is_impossible: no

question: What religion believes that God is infinitely simple and not subject to time?
answers: text: Catholic
is_impossible: no

question: What does theism mean in general?
answers: text: belief in a god or gods
is_impossible: no

question: What is one attribute of the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the universe act through?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the term Catholicism sometimes refer to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What two things make it hard for theists to believe the universe is benevolent?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do Catholics believe about Gods limited omniscience?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the feeling of God being everywhere?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does prayer usually include in Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: What view about monotheists is emphasized by Islam?
is_impossible: yes
context: Theism generally holds that God exists realistically, objectively, and independently of human thought; that God created and sustains everything; that God is omnipotent and eternal; and that God is personal and interacting with the universe through, for example, religious experience and the prayers of humans. Theism holds that God is both transcendent and immanent; thus, God is simultaneously infinite and in some way present in the affairs of the world. Not all theists subscribe to all of these propositions, but each usually subscribes to some of them (see, by way of comparison, family resemblance). Catholic theology holds that God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time. Most theists hold that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent, although this belief raises questions about God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world. Some theists ascribe to God a self-conscious or purposeful limiting of omnipotence, omniscience, or benevolence. Open Theism, by contrast, asserts that, due to the nature of time, God's omniscience does not mean the deity can predict the future. Theism is sometimes used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods, i.e., monotheism or polytheism.

qas: question: What is a deistic view of God?
answers: text: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it
is_impossible: no

question: How does a deistic God feel about us?
answers: text: no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity
is_impossible: no

question: What is Pandeism?
answers: text: why God would create a universe and then abandon it
is_impossible: no

question: What does a deistic God not do?
answers: text: neither answers prayers nor produces miracles
is_impossible: no

question: What type of religion believes that God is transcendent?
answers: text: Deism
is_impossible: no

question: What is deism?
answers: text: God has no interest in humanity
is_impossible: no

question: In deism is God represented in human form?
answers: text: God is not anthropomorphic
is_impossible: no

question: In deism, does God answer prayers?
answers: text: neither answers prayers
is_impossible: no

question: What does Deism usually combine?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the view of Pantheism about God abandoning His creation?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does a pandeistic god not do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What belief is common about deism in Pandeism?
is_impossible: yes

question: Does the universe answer prayers in Pantheism?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the word El signify in English?
is_impossible: yes

question: How could science discover if there was not a creator?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where does the earliest masculine form of the English word for God come from?
is_impossible: yes
context: Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it. In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles. Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity. Pandeism and Panendeism, respectively, combine Deism with the Pantheistic or Panentheistic beliefs. Pandeism is proposed to explain as to Deism why God would create a universe and then abandon it, and as to Pantheism, the origin and purpose of the universe.

qas: question: What is Pantheism?
answers: text: God is the universe and the universe is God
is_impossible: no

question: WHat is Panentheism?
answers: text: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
is_impossible: no

question: WHat is Kabbalah?
answers: text: Jewish mysticism
is_impossible: no

question: Who is the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
answers: text: The Baal Shem Tov
is_impossible: no

question: Who was the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
answers: text: The Baal Shem Tov
is_impossible: no

question: What is Panentheism?
answers: text: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
is_impossible: no

question: What from of Hinduism does not believe in panentheism?
answers: text: Vaishnavism
is_impossible: no

question: What is another name for Jewish mysticism?
answers: text: Kabbalah
is_impossible: no

question: What is pantheism?
answers: text: God is the universe
is_impossible: no

question: In Panentheism what is God identical to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Baal Shem Tov believe if God is the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who is the founder of the Liberal Catholic Church?
is_impossible: yes

question: What group does Vaishnavism have acceptance in as part of Jewish mysticism?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is another name for Vaishnavism?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world?
is_impossible: yes

question: What view did Carl Sagan have about the question of the existence of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Pascal Boyer believe religious systems are projections of?
is_impossible: yes
context: Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church; Theosophy; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism, which believes in panentheism; Sikhism; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism, along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations. Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God—which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism, particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov—but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.[citation needed]

qas: question: What do some non-theists view God as?
answers: text: a symbol of human values and aspirations
is_impossible: no

question: Although a proclaimed atheist, who was it that said "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"?
answers: text: Charles Bradlaugh
is_impossible: no

question: What is NOMA?
answers: text: non-overlapping magisteria
is_impossible: no

question: In NOMA, what should be used to answer questions about the physical world?
answers: text: science
is_impossible: no

question: What should be used to answer ultimate questions on morality and meaning?
answers: text: theology
is_impossible: no

question: Name the nineteenth century English atheist?
answers: text: Charles Bradlaugh
is_impossible: no

question: What does Stephen Jay Gould call philosophy that deals in the supernatural?
answers: text: non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA)
is_impossible: no

question: What category does NOMA fall under?
answers: text: theology
is_impossible: no

question: What did the 19th century non-theist Stephen Jay say specifically about God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What should Christianity be used for in relation to nature?
is_impossible: yes

question: What should philosophy be used for in relation to morality?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where does a lack of supernatural influence make human values a sole player in?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does NOMA avoid about God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is Sigmund Freud's opinion of Greek mythology?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where does the earliest masculine form of the English word for God come from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?
is_impossible: yes
context: Even non-theist views about gods vary. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", because "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"; he said more specifically that he disbelieved in the Christian god. Stephen Jay Gould proposed an approach dividing the world of philosophy into what he called "non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA). In this view, questions of the supernatural, such as those relating to the existence and nature of God, are non-empirical and are the proper domain of theology. The methods of science should then be used to answer any empirical question about the natural world, and theology should be used to answer questions about ultimate meaning and moral value. In this view, the perceived lack of any empirical footprint from the magisterium of the supernatural onto natural events makes science the sole player in the natural world.

qas: question: What did Sagan argue was the only was to prove the existence of God?
answers: text: the discovery that the universe is infinitely old
is_impossible: no

question: What is Richard Dawkins belief about the existence of God?
answers: text: "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."
is_impossible: no

question: What kind of difference does Dawkins believe would come from the existence of God?
answers: text: a scientific difference
is_impossible: no

question: Who argued that the existence of God is an empirical question?
answers: text: Richard Dawkins
is_impossible: no

question: Who stated that God was difficult both to prove or disprove?
answers: text: Carl Sagan
is_impossible: no

question: How could science discover if there was not a creator?
answers: text: the universe is infinitely old.
is_impossible: no

question: How would the universe be different according to Carl Sagan?
is_impossible: yes

question: What grounds did Carl Sagan use to explain God's existence and how it would change the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Richard Dawkins believe was difficult to prove?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Richard Dawkins believe could disprove the existence of a Creator?
is_impossible: yes

question: What view did Carl Sagan have about the question of the existence of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What view about monotheists is emphasized by Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who does Christianity share roots with?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is an example of syncretism in Christianity?
is_impossible: yes
context: Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference." Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was difficult to prove or disprove and that the only conceivable scientific discovery that could disprove the existence of a Creator would be the discovery that the universe is infinitely old.

qas: question: What does Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow pose as a better question that "Is there a God"?
answers: text: who created God
is_impossible: no

question: Who wrote The Grand Design?
answers: text: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow
is_impossible: no

question: What is Michael Nikoletseas profession?
answers: text: Neuroscientist
is_impossible: no

question: How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?
answers: text: purely within the realm of science
is_impossible: no

question: What is the name of Stephen Hawking's book?
answers: text: The Grand Design
is_impossible: no

question: Who was Hawking's co-author?
answers: text: Leonard Mlodinow
is_impossible: no

question: Who says the that whether there is or isn't a God are just like questions in natural science?
answers: text: Michael Nikoletseas
is_impossible: no

question: What is the name of the book by Michael Nikoletseas?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Stephen Hawking think we can know about God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is Leonard Mlodinow's profession?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Michael Nikoletseas state in his book if God created the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do both authors believe about God if you take a biological comparative approach?
is_impossible: yes

question: What will happen during a debate according to God's foreknowledge?
is_impossible: yes

question: What three philosophers believed that God can be conceptualized in the integrative level theory?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the gaelic root of the word for God mean?
is_impossible: yes
context: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings. Neuroscientist Michael Nikoletseas has proposed that questions of the existence of God are no different from questions of natural sciences. Following a biological comparative approach, he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists, and, although not visible, it is possible that we know some of his attributes.

qas: question: How does Pascal Boyer believe that gods and other supernatural beings behave?
answers: text: much like people
is_impossible: no

question: Why does Stewart Guthrie believe that people project their human features onto non human things?
answers: text: it makes those aspects more familiar
is_impossible: no

question: What did Frued believe about the belief in God?
answers: text: god concepts are projections of one's father
is_impossible: no

question: What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer?
answers: text: The construction of gods and spirits like persons
is_impossible: no

question: Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world?
answers: text: Pascal Boyer
is_impossible: no

question: How do supernatural entities act?
answers: text: much like people
is_impossible: no

question: Which religion does Boyer equate with a modern soap opera?
answers: text: Greek mythology
is_impossible: no

question: Who believed that gods are just projections of a person's father?
answers: text: Sigmund Freud
is_impossible: no

question: What does Sigmund Freud believe about the behavior of supernatural beings?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is one of the best known traits of Jurgensen's model?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why do people make spirits appear humanlike according to Timothy Jurgensen?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Pascal Boyer believe religious systems are projections of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is Sigmund Freud's opinion of Greek mythology?
is_impossible: yes

question: In deism is God represented in human form?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a muslims life purpose?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of religion believes that God is transcendent?
is_impossible: yes
context: Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his opinion, more like a modern soap opera than other religious systems. Bertrand du Castel and Timothy Jurgensen demonstrate through formalization that Boyer's explanatory model matches physics' epistemology in positing not directly observable entities as intermediaries. Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar. Sigmund Freud also suggested that god concepts are projections of one's father.

qas: question: What are ways that small social groups can force morality?
answers: text: gossip or reputation
is_impossible: no

question: Who suggested that by including the presence of an omniscient God, selfishness can be controlled and cooperation can be gained?
answers: text: Matt Rossano
is_impossible: no

question: What did Émile Durkheim suggest about the existence of God?
answers: text: gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings
is_impossible: no

question: Why would humans have begun to create gods?
answers: text: a means of enforcing morality
is_impossible: no

question: Who posited that humans created gods to create morality in social groups?
answers: text: Matt Rossano
is_impossible: no

question: Omnipresent gods are a way to watch large groups and enforce what?
answers: text: morality
is_impossible: no

question: Omniprestent gods helped build what?
answers: text: more cooperative groups
is_impossible: no

question: What concept did Matt Rossano suggest earlier than others?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Emile Durkheim believe happened when humans live in groups?
is_impossible: yes

question: How can selfishness be restrained in large groups?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is it harder to build cooperative groups?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does prayer usually include in Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is an example of syncretism in Christianity?
is_impossible: yes

question: What three religions share similar beginnings?
is_impossible: yes
context: Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. In small groups, morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation. However, it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups. Rossano indicates that by including ever-watchful gods and spirits, humans discovered an effective strategy for restraining selfishness and building more cooperative groups.

qas: question: How did St. Anselm define the existence of God?
answers: text: "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"
is_impossible: no

question: Who said that God is "a substance consisting of infinite attributes"?
answers: text: Baruch Spinoza
is_impossible: no

question: What did Baruch Spinoza use as proof for the existence of God?
answers: text: a variation of the Ontological argument
is_impossible: no

question: What did Spinoza believe the world was made of?
answers: text: one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature
is_impossible: no

question: Who defined god as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"?
answers: text: St. Anselm
is_impossible: no

question: Name a famous pantheist?
answers: text: Baruch Spinoza
is_impossible: no

question: What was Spinoza's concept of God?
answers: text: infinite
is_impossible: no

question: Spinoza believed that the universe was made up of one substance which is?
answers: text: God
is_impossible: no

question: What does St. Anselm believe the universe is comprised of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does St. Anselm used to prove God's existence?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Baruch Spinoza believe nothing is greater than?
is_impossible: yes

question: What kind of philosopher is St Anselm?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who's idea about God did St. Anselm carry to its extreme?
is_impossible: yes

question: What three religions share similar beginnings?
is_impossible: yes

question: What view about monotheists is emphasized by Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Sigmund Freud believe about the behavior of supernatural beings?
is_impossible: yes
context: St. Anselm's approach was to define God as, "that than which nothing greater can be conceived". Famed pantheist philosopher Baruch Spinoza would later carry this idea to its extreme: "By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, i.e., a substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses an eternal and infinite essence." For Spinoza, the whole of the natural universe is made of one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature. His proof for the existence of God was a variation of the Ontological argument.

qas: question: How does Dawkins interpret evidence for or against the existence of God?
answers: text: a lack of evidence for the material existence
is_impossible: no

question: What do atheists believe of God?
answers: text: an imaginary entity only
is_impossible: no

question: How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on?
answers: text: trans-generational
is_impossible: no

question: How does Dawkins interpret his findings on the existence, or not, of God.
answers: text: a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God
is_impossible: no

question: Who believes God isn't real?
answers: text: Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris
is_impossible: no

question: What fields are used by Richard Dawkins to prove God's existence?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what way does Richard Dawkins believe the existence of the universe has continued on in?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who has used findings to prove the existence of God in a trans-generational manner?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Richard Dawkins believe describes the creation of the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who uses cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience to prove God is omniscient?
is_impossible: yes

question: What two attributes describe God in deism?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is Sigmund Freud's opinion of Greek mythology?
is_impossible: yes

question: What paradox states that if a god can't create a stone so heavy he can't lift it?
is_impossible: yes
context: Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality. A single, omniscient God who is imagined to have created the universe and is particularly attentive to the lives of humans has been imagined, embellished and promulgated in a trans-generational manner. Richard Dawkins interprets various findings not only as a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God but extensive evidence to the contrary.

qas: question: What is the Omnipotence paradox?
answers: text: can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it
is_impossible: no

question: What is another term for the Omnipotence paradox?
answers: text: Paradox of the Stone
is_impossible: no

question: Does either outcome of the Paradox of the Stone prove the existence of God?
answers: text: God is not omnipotent. A being that is not omnipotent, though, is not God
is_impossible: no

question: What shows God is not omnipotent if he creates a stone that he cannot lift?
answers: text: there is something that he cannot do
is_impossible: no

question: What must God be, in order to be a Supreme Being?
answers: text: omnipotent
is_impossible: no

question: What paradox states that if a god can't create a stone so heavy he can't lift it?
answers: text: Paradox of the Stone
is_impossible: no

question: What does the Paradox of the Stone posit?
answers: text: he is not omnipotent
is_impossible: no

question: What does it mean if a God is not omnipotent?
answers: text: is not God
is_impossible: no

question: Are there any answers to the Pradox of the Stone?
answers: text: Several
is_impossible: no

question: What question does the theological model paradox ask?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many arguments about God's power prove he exists?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a term for the existence of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What model proves that God can lift a stone he creates?
is_impossible: yes

question: If God can create a stone he can't lift, what proves he exists?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are some concepts of the universe according to theologians?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were philosophical debates about among free agents? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the 19th century non-theist Stephen Jay say specifically about God?
is_impossible: yes
context: According to the Omnipotence paradox or 'Paradox of the Stone', can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it? Either he can or he can’t. If he can’t, the argument goes, then there is something that he cannot do, namely create the stone, and therefore he is not omnipotent. If he can, it continues, then there is also something that he cannot do, namely lift the stone, and therefore he is not omnipotent. Either way, then, God is not omnipotent. A being that is not omnipotent, though, is not God, according to many theological models. Such a God, therefore, does not exist. Several answers to this paradox have been proposed.

qas: question: What do religions share across their belief structures?
answers: text: similarities arising from their common roots
is_impossible: no

question: What are some religious traditions that are found within differing religions?
answers: text: expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature
is_impossible: no

question: Who does Christianity share roots with?
answers: text: attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism
is_impossible: no

question: How many Attributes of Mercy are in Judaism?
answers: text: Thirteen
is_impossible: no

question: What three religions share similar parts?
answers: text: God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism
is_impossible: no

question: What three religions share similar beginnings?
answers: text: Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism
is_impossible: no

question: What attributes do religions all roughly share?
answers: text: expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature
is_impossible: no

question: What beliefs have similar psychological characteristics?
is_impossible: yes

question: What reliegion does Islam share culture with?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many attributes of mercy are in Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: What attributes do different cultures have?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is one thing Christianity assigns to different religions?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is one called that believes he has the one religion, but that the others aren't necessarily wrong?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is another term for the Omnipotence paradox?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Spinoza believe the world was made of?
is_impossible: yes
context: Different religious traditions assign differing (though often similar) attributes and characteristics to God, including expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature. The assignment of these attributes often differs according to the conceptions of God in the culture from which they arise. For example, attributes of God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism share certain similarities arising from their common roots.

qas: question: How is sex by God handled in a monotheistic religion?
answers: text: God has no counterpart with which to relate sexually
is_impossible: no

question: How do polytheistic religions view sex by God or gods?
answers: text: attribute to each of the gods a gender, allowing each to interact with any of the others, and perhaps with humans, sexually
is_impossible: no

question: What is God's role in the creation of the world?
answers: text: begetter
is_impossible: no

question: In what ways can the gender of God be viewed?
answers: text: literal or an allegorical aspect
is_impossible: no

question: What do polytheistic religions assign to their gods?
answers: text: gender
is_impossible: no

question: What role does got serve in a sexual intercourse?
answers: text: the active (as opposed to the receptive) role
is_impossible: no

question: In which type of religion does God have no sexual partner?
answers: text: monotheistic
is_impossible: no

question: What does western philosophy attribute to each of the gods?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the role of God's counterpart in creation?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what way can the sexuality of God's counterpart be viewed?
is_impossible: yes

question: How does western philosophy allow God to act with humans?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the counterpart of God transcend?
is_impossible: yes

question: In the Egyptian era of Atenism, what were YHWH and I am that I am used as?
is_impossible: yes

question: What grounds did Carl Sagan use to explain God's existence and how it would change the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Pascal think about faith?
is_impossible: yes
context: The gender of God may be viewed as either a literal or an allegorical aspect of a deity who, in classical western philosophy, transcends bodily form. Polytheistic religions commonly attribute to each of the gods a gender, allowing each to interact with any of the others, and perhaps with humans, sexually. In most monotheistic religions, God has no counterpart with which to relate sexually. Thus, in classical western philosophy the gender of this one-and-only deity is most likely to be an analogical statement of how humans and God address, and relate to, each other. Namely, God is seen as begetter of the world and revelation which corresponds to the active (as opposed to the receptive) role in sexual intercourse.

qas: question: What is a muslims life purpose?
answers: text: to worship God
is_impossible: no

question: What aspect does Alister McGrath argue is important in Christianity?
answers: text: a "personal god"
is_impossible: no

question: What does prayer usually include in Islam?
answers: text: forgiveness
is_impossible: no

question: What type of God is the Muslim God?
answers: text: forgiving
is_impossible: no

question: What does Alister McGrath write about the existence of the muslim god?
is_impossible: yes

question: What kind of role does a personal god play with Alister McGrath?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the purpose of life for Christians?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is an example of an intermediary in Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are two things the worship of God includes?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Deism usually combine?
is_impossible: yes

question: What philosophical debates arose in the middle ages?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who posited that humans created gods to create morality in social groups?
is_impossible: yes
context: Prayer plays a significant role among many believers. Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God. He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God. Prayer often also includes supplication and asking forgiveness. God is often believed to be forgiving. For example, a hadith states God would replace a sinless people with one who sinned but still asked repentance. Christian theologian Alister McGrath writes that there are good reasons to suggest that a "personal god" is integral to the Christian outlook, but that one has to understand it is an analogy. "To say that God is like a person is to affirm the divine ability and willingness to relate to others. This does not imply that God is human, or located at a specific point in the universe."

qas: question: Who believe they are the one and only chosen few?
answers: text: exclusivists
is_impossible: no

question: Who believe that they are the only people that know the truth?
answers: text: exclusivists
is_impossible: no

question: What is one called that believes he has the one religion, but that the others aren't necessarily wrong?
answers: text: pluralism
is_impossible: no

question: What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?
answers: text: supersessionism
is_impossible: no

question: What is a religion that believes that all religions are correct?
answers: text: universalism
is_impossible: no

question: What is one thing exclusivists don't have that Christians do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is an example of syncretism in Christianity?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does a pluralist believe that is eventually available to all?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the New Age movement believe they have exclusive access to?
is_impossible: yes

question: How does the New Age movement believe it has access to absolute truth??
is_impossible: yes

question: Who said that God is "a substance consisting of infinite attributes"?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Baal Shem Tov believe if God is the universe?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do atheists believe of God?
is_impossible: yes
context: Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclusive access to absolute truth, generally through revelation or encounter with the Divine, which adherents of other religions do not. Another view is religious pluralism. A pluralist typically believes that his religion is the right one, but does not deny the partial truth of other religions. An example of a pluralist view in Christianity is supersessionism, i.e., the belief that one's religion is the fulfillment of previous religions. A third approach is relativistic inclusivism, where everybody is seen as equally right; an example being universalism: the doctrine that salvation is eventually available for everyone. A fourth approach is syncretism, mixing different elements from different religions. An example of syncretism is the New Age movement.

qas: question: What does it mean if God can't predict the future?
answers: text: God may not be omniscient.
is_impossible: no

question: Who posited the existence of God?
answers: text: medieval philosophers
is_impossible: no

question: What philosophical debates arose in the middle ages?
answers: text: God's omniscience
is_impossible: no

question: What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who developed arguments for God  being philosophical?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did free agents attempt to comprehend about God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What will happen during a debate according to God's foreknowledge?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were philosophical debates about among free agents? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What does theism mean in general?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the trinity in Christianity?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the trinity in Christianity?
is_impossible: yes
context: Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agents will choose to act. If God does know this, their ostensible free will might be illusory, or foreknowledge does not imply predestination, and if God does not know it, God may not be omniscient.

qas: question: How does Alvin Plantinga describe faith?
answers: text: "properly basic"
is_impossible: no

question: Who stated "the heart has reasons of which reason does not know"?
answers: text: Pascal
is_impossible: no

question: Which philosopher takes the evidentialist position?
answers: text: Richard Swinburne
is_impossible: no

question: Name three philosophers of the last 100 years arguing for the existence of God?
answers: text: Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew
is_impossible: no

question: What did David Hume think about the argument from morality?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Pascal think about faith?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Antony Flew believe physics requires?
is_impossible: yes

question: What two areas are used to say the arguments for God's existence are solid?
is_impossible: yes

question: What three philosophers believed that God can be conceptualized in the integrative level theory?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the Holy Trinity?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Emile Durkheim believe happened when humans live in groups?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many Attributes of Mercy are in Judaism?
is_impossible: yes
context: The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid. The theist response has been either to contend, as does Alvin Plantinga, that faith is "properly basic", or to take, as does Richard Swinburne, the evidentialist position. Some theists agree that none of the arguments for God's existence are compelling, but argue that faith is not a product of reason, but requires risk. There would be no risk, they say, if the arguments for God's existence were as solid as the laws of logic, a position summed up by Pascal as "the heart has reasons of which reason does not know." A recent theory using concepts from physics and neurophysiology proposes that God can be conceptualized within the theory of integrative level.