Sanskrit

qas: question: Sanskrit is the primary sacred language of which religion?
answers: text: Hinduism
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question: How many scheduled languages are there in present-day India?
answers: text: 22
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question: Which Indian state has Sanskrit as its official language?
answers: text: Uttarakhand
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question: Sanskrit is used as a pkilsosophical language in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and which other religion?
answers: text: Sikhism
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question: Sanskrit is a standardized dialect of which language?
answers: text: Old Indo-Aryan
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question: What language is the sacred language of Hinduism?
answers: text: Sanskrit
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question: Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used?
answers: text: lingua franca
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question: Where is Sanskrit usually found?
answers: text: India
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question: From what is Sanskrit an adaption?
answers: text: Old Indo-Aryan
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question: From what language did Sanskrit originate?
answers: text: Vedic Sanskrit
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question: What literary philosophical language was used in Greater India?
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question: What is concidered a sacred language in Buddhism?
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question: How many lanuages are spoken in India?
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question: Which Indian state does not formally reckognize Sanskirt?
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question: What Indo[European language only has a small amount of written documentation?
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question: What is the primary sacred language of Buddhism?
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question: What is a philosophical language in Islam?
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question: Where was Sanskrit a classical language?
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question: What is listed as one of the 25 languages of India?
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question: Where does the study of Sanskrit hold a less than prominent position?
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question: How many sutras are in the Astadhyayi?
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question: Of what was Sanskrit once thought to be a divider?
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question: To what did the use of Sanskrit as a upper class language produce a resistance ?
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context: Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.

qas: question: In what year was the daily newspaper Sudharma first published?
answers: text: 1970
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question: Where are Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam published?
answers: text: Gujarat
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question: In what year did daily news broadcasts in Sankrit begin on state-run All India Radio?
answers: text: 1974
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question: Approximately how many weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies published in Sanskrit?
answers: text: Over 90
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question: What is the broadcast time for Sanskrit news on the DD National channel?
answers: text: 6:55 AM IST
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question: What is the publication, Sudharma?
answers: text: daily newspaper
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question: What language are many periodicals published in in India?
answers: text: Sanskrit
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question: Where is the newspaper Sudharma published?
answers: text: Mysore, India
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question: Since what year has there been a daily broadcast on All India Radio?
answers: text: 1974
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question: Where can the Sanskrit broadcasts be found online?
answers: text: AIR's website
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question: How many weeklies are published in Sanskrit?
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question: What news paper was first published in 1974?
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question: What first appeared in Sanskrit on All India Radio in 1970?
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question: What publications have been published out of Myrosa since 1970?
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question: What has been published out of Mumbai India since 1970?
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question: Which publication in Gujarat started more than five years ago?
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question: What year did weekly broadcasts start on All India Radio?
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question: What broadcast is only found on the internet?
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question: What channel can the Sanskrit news be found on a 9:55 AM IST?
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question: What did Panini write?
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question: Who used Sanskrit for common communication?
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question: What organization is working to get rid of the use of the Sanskrit language?
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context: Over 90 weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit. Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years. Since 1974, there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run All India Radio. These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR's website. Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST.

qas: question: In Ancient India, which vernacular languages existed alongside Sanskrit?
answers: text: Prakrits
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question: The works of which two scholars were used to teach Sanskrit to the higher castes of India?
answers: text: Pāṇini and Patanjali
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question: The use of Sanskrit was considered to be a marker of what in Ancient India?
answers: text: social class and educational attainment
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question: What type of language were Prakrits?
answers: text: Middle Indo-Aryan
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question: Which Sanskrit linguist describes Sanskrit as a "particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking?"
answers: text: Madhav Deshpande
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question: What style of speech did linguist Madhav Deshpande say Sanskrit started out as?
answers: text: perfected manner
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question: Of what was Sanskrit once thought to be a divider?
answers: text: social class
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question: How was Sanskrit originally used?
answers: text: ritual
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question: Where was Sanskrit a learned language of the high classes?
answers: text: Ancient India
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question: With what did Sanskrit exist beside?
answers: text: vernacular Prakrits
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question: Who said that Sanskrit was a specific language set apart?
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question: In what country did the lower class study Sanskrit?
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question: What language exists alongside Sanskrit in modern India?
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question: What two scholars were instrumental in teaching Sanskrit to the lower class? 
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question: What vernacular language was used only by the upper social class in India?
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question: What is the primary sacred language of Buddhism?
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question: Who wrote the Bhagavad Gita?
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question: To where did early speakers from the north-east bring Sanskrit?
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context: Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking. Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and the language was taught mainly to members of the higher castes through the close analysis of Vyākaraṇins such as Pāṇini and Patanjali, who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times, especially during ritual. Sanskrit, as the learned language of Ancient India, thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits, which were Middle Indo-Aryan languages. However, linguistic change led to an eventual loss of mutual intelligibility.

qas: question: What types of script was used to write Sanskrit in the northwest part of Indai?
answers: text: Kharosthi
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question: Around what time did the Gupta script become prevalent for writing Sanskrit?
answers: text: between the fourth and eighth centuries
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question: Which script evolved from the Gupta script in the 8th century?
answers: text: Śāradā
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question: Which script replaced the Gupta script?
answers: text: Devanagari
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question: In what time period did the Devangari script become prevalent?
answers: text: 11th or 12th century
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question: What were used to write Sanskrit?
answers: text: Brahmic scripts
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question: What script was used in the northwest of India?
answers: text: Kharosthi
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question: Between the forth and eighth century, what script evolved?
answers: text: Gupta
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question: From what was Gupta derived?
answers: text: Brahmi
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question: What script evolved from the Gupta script?
answers: text: Śāradā
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question: What script was used in the northeast?
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question: In what centuries were the Brahmic scripts used?
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question: What was the Brahmi script derived from?
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question: What script was the Devanagari script replace with in the 12th century?
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question: What alphabet was mainly used in West India?
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question: Which early sutras did not follow the five-level linguistic development?
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question: Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin?
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question: Who coordinated Sanskrit as a foreign language?
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context: Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit. Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent. Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent. Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script. The latter was displaced in its turn by Devanagari in the 11th or 12th century, with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script. In East India, the Bengali alphabet, and, later, the Odia alphabet, were used.

qas: question: Tagalog is what kind of language?
answers: text: Philippine
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question: From what language is a large proportion of Tagalog derived?
answers: text: Spanish
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question: What is an example of a Sanskrit loanword used in Southeast Asian languages?
answers: text: bhāṣā
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question: What is the meaning of the Sanskrit loanword "bhāṣā?"
answers: text: spoken language
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question: What is an example of a traditional language that derives much of its vocabulary from Sanskrit?
answers: text: Malay
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question: Where were many Sanskrit words found?
answers: text: Austronesian languages
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question: In what older from of which language were more than half the words borrowed from Sanskrit?
answers: text: Javanese
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question: What Sanskrit borrowed word is found in many Asian languages?
answers: text: bhāṣā
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question: What is the meaning of bhasa?
answers: text: spoken language
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question: Where does traditional Malay get many of its loanwords?
answers: text: Sanskrit
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question: In what languages are Tagalog loan words found?
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question: Which language from Indonesia is not derived from Sanskrit?
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question: What languages from the Austronesian languages is not derived from Arabic?
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question: What language loan words does Arabic use?
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question: What language is Spanish derived from?
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question: What century can the development of the early Vedic language be traced to?
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question: When did the original speakers of Sanskrit migrate to the north-west?
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question: After what language evolved was writing introduced?
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context: Many Sanskrit loanwords are also found in Austronesian languages, such as Javanese, particularly the older form in which nearly half the vocabulary is borrowed. Other Austronesian languages, such as traditional Malay and modern Indonesian, also derive much of their vocabulary from Sanskrit, albeit to a lesser extent, with a larger proportion derived from Arabic. Similarly, Philippine languages such as Tagalog have some Sanskrit loanwords, although more are derived from Spanish. A Sanskrit loanword encountered in many Southeast Asian languages is the word bhāṣā, or spoken language, which is used to refer to the names of many languages.

qas: question: What are two examples of epic poetry written in Sanskrit?
answers: text: the Ramayana and Mahabharata
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question: What are prakritisms?
answers: text: borrowings from common speech
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question: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?
answers: text: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
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question: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?
answers: text: 2000 years
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question: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?
answers: text: Indian epic poetry
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question: What epic poems are written in post-Vedic Sanskrit?
answers: text: Ramayana and Mahabharata
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question: Of what are deviations in the epics thought to be the influence?
answers: text: Prakrits
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question: What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit?
answers: text: prakritisms
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question: What Language influenced a large part of EurAsia for nearly 2000 years?
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question: What form of Sanskrit is found in Asian peotry?
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question: What is considered proof that pre-Panini was used in epics?
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question: What type of Sanskrit influenced Middle aIndo-Aryan languages?
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question: What did Classic Sanskrit assimilate to?
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question: Where did Sanskrit exert influence for less than 1000 years?
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question: Sanskrit was not influential in which part of Asia?
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question: In what poetry will you find early Vedic Sanskrit?
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question: Who caused deviations from Panini due to their lack of interference?
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question: What classical language is influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?
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question: What religion was spread to China through Sanskrit translations?
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question: To what did the use of Sanskrit as a upper class language produce a resistance ?
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question: In what way has Sanskrit adapted in the modern age?
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context: For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning 'of the ṛṣis', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.

qas: question: When was the time of Panini?
answers: text: fourth century BCE
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question: What type of text is the Samaveda?
answers: text: Vedic texts
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question: What was Sanskrit used for?
answers: text: sacred purposes
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question: How was Sanskrit viewed to be in relation to maintaining class?
answers: text: conservative
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question: To what did the use of Sanskrit as a upper class language produce a resistance ?
answers: text: change
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question: When was the Samaveda witten?
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question: What language was used for philisophical purposes?
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question: What allowed sanskrit to change linguistically?
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question: how many linguistic developments are there of Riveda from Vedic?
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question: What century can the development of the early Vedic language be traced to?
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question: What factors supported the process of linguistic change?
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question: Which early sutras did not follow the five-level linguistic development?
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question: What did upper class conservatives advocate in the use of language? 
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question: What levels of linguistic development did Sanskrit bypass?
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question: Traditional gurukulas no longer teach what language?
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question: What types of script was used to write Sanskrit in the northwest part of Indai?
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question: What originated in a progressive society?
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context: From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change. However, there is a clear, five-level linguistic development of Vedic from the Rigveda to the language of the Upanishads and the earliest sutras such as the Baudhayana sutras.

qas: question: Who has said the Sanskrit is dead?
answers: text: Sheldon Pollock
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question: According to Pollock, how is Sanskrit solely used?
answers: text: literary cultures
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question: What is Sanskrit not  able to express?
answers: text: the modern age
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question: How is Sanskrit limited in it function towards ideas?
answers: text: restatements
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question: To what is Sanskrit restricted?
answers: text: hymns
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question: What did Andrew Pollock say of Sanskrit?
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question: What 18th century commentary did Caturdhara's speak about?
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question: Sanskrit is not often used in what forms of creative uses?
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question: Where is Sanskrit no longer used?
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question: In what way has Sanskrit adapted in the modern age?
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question: What theory explains the different features of Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages?
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question: Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin?
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question: What arrived in the Batic region during the second millenium BCE?
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context: Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead".:393 Pollock has further argued that, while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India, it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in the modern age.:416 Instead, it was reduced to "reinscription and restatements" of ideas already explored, and any creativity was restricted to hymns and verses.:398 A notable exception are the military references of Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara's 17th-century commentary on the Mahābhārata.

qas: question: To what has the Central Board of Education of India relegated Sanskrit? 
answers: text: alternative option
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question: Where has the Education Board ranked Sanskrit as a language option?
answers: text: second or third
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question: What grades in Indian schools have an option for Sanskrit study?
answers: text: 5 to 8
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question: In what language states is Sanskrit considered an option?
answers: text: Hindi
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question: In what other type of schools is Sanskrit also taught?
answers: text: gurukulas
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question: What board refused to see Sanskrit as an alternative option?
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question: What is the only India board of education?
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question: What language is the state official language of India?
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question: In which grades is learning Sanskrit required?
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question: Traditional gurukulas no longer teach what language?
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question: What is concidered a sacred language in Buddhism?
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question: In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception?
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question: When was the earliest Vedic script known to exist? 
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context: The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India.

qas: question: What English school offers Sanskrit as a language study?
answers: text: St James Junior School
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question: Since what date has Sanskrit been offered as a language option in the U.S.?
answers: text: September 2009
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question: What is the credit towards in study in the U.S.?
answers: text: Foreign Language
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question: Who coordinates the study program of Samskritam as a Foreign Language?
answers: text: Samskrita Bharati.
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question: What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study?
answers: text: Sydney Grammar School
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question: What does St. Johns Junior School in London offer?
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question: Where have high school students been allowed to receive credits toward a Foreign Language since 2006?
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question: What school years in Australia are students required to study Sanskrit?
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question: Who coordinated Sanskrit as a foreign language?
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question: What does a student get at the Sydney private middle school for studying Sanskrit?
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question: What board refused to see Sanskrit as an alternative option?
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question: To what has the Central Board of Education of India relegated Sanskrit? 
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question: Where did the Gayatri Mantra taken from Rigveda come from?
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context: St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated by Samskrita Bharati. In Australia, the Sydney private boys' high school Sydney Grammar School offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the Higher School Certificate.

qas: question: Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin?
answers: text: oral tradition
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question: After what language evolved was writing introduced?
answers: text: Prakrits
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question: What feature of written text influenced the use of scripts?
answers: text: regional scripts
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question: What does Sanskrit not have of its own?
answers: text: native script
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question: Which writing systems have been used to write Sanskrit?
answers: text: all
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question: What originated in a progressive society?
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question: What written tradition was maintained in early literature?
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question: What did Prakrits evolve into?
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question: What influenced the original scripts of the scribes?
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question: What was used in very few writing systems in South Asia?
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question: In what country did the lower class study Sanskrit?
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question: What religion was spread to China through Sanskrit translations?
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question: Which languages share nothing in common with each other? 
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context: Sanskrit originated in an oral society, and the oral tradition was maintained through the development of early classical Sanskrit literature. Writing was not introduced to India until after Sanskrit had evolved into the Prakrits; when it was written, the choice of writing system was influenced by the regional scripts of the scribes. Therefore, Sanskrit has no native script of its own. As such, virtually all the major writing systems of South Asia have been used for the production of Sanskrit manuscripts.

qas: question: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?
answers: text: late 18th century
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question: What transliteration system is most common today?
answers: text: IAST
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question: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?
answers: text: since 1888
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question: What is used in transliteration for computer systems? 
answers: text: ASCII
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question: What transliteration scheme is often used on the internet?
answers: text: ITRANS
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question: What Greek alphabet has been transliterated since the 18th century?
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question: What system was commonly used in the 18th century to transliterate Sanskrit?
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question: What academic standard had been used before 1888?
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question: What software can only be used on Unicode-aware web browsers?
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question: What system of transliteration is not commonly used on the internet or e-mail?
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question: What is the percentage of Sanskrit words thought to be in modern Indo-Aryan languages?
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question: What arrived in the Batic region during the second millenium BCE?
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question: Who used Sanskrit for common communication?
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context: Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.

qas: question: What in the use of Sanskrit has influenced Sino-Tibetan languages?
answers: text: Buddhist texts
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question: Who sent missionaries to China?
answers: text: Ashoka
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question: What religion was spread to China through Sanskrit translations?
answers: text: Buddhism
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question: What were transliterated and added to the Chinese language?
answers: text: Many terms
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question: Where do many Sanskrit texts survive?
answers: text: Tibetan collections
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question: What have Sino-Tibetan languages influenced?
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question: What languages have been influenced through the spread of Hindi texts? 
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question: What missionaries spread Islam to China?
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question: Who sent Mahayana missionaries to India?
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question: What Sanskrit texts survive in Egyptian collections?
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question: Around what time did the Gupta script become prevalent for writing Sanskrit?
is_impossible: yes

question: After what language evolved was writing introduced?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who arrived in India during the first millennium BCE?
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context: Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like 剎那 chànà (Devanagari: क्षण kṣaṇa 'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur.

qas: question: What language has influenced the languages of India?
answers: text: Sanskrit
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question: Of what is Hindi considered to be in relation to Sanskrit?
answers: text: Sanskritised register
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question: From what dialect is Hindi descended?
answers: text: Khariboli
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question: What is the percentage of Sanskrit words thought to be in modern Indo-Aryan languages?
answers: text: fifty percent
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question: What language texts  are as much as 70% Sanskrit?
answers: text: Telugu
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question: What did the languages of India greatly influence?
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question: What is the Khariboli dialect a Sanskritised register of?
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question: Where has Sanskrit borrowed words from?
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question: What percent of vocabulary comes from languages of India?
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question: What place are literary texts rarely considered lexically Sanskrit?
is_impossible: yes

question: What king's pillar is the most recent Brahmi inscription found on?
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question: What trait in the enlightened era did most Sanskrit speakers pocess?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year did weekly broadcasts start on All India Radio?
is_impossible: yes
context: Sanskrit has greatly influenced the languages of India that grew from its vocabulary and grammatical base; for instance, Hindi is a "Sanskritised register" of the Khariboli dialect. All modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as Munda and Dravidian languages, have borrowed many words either directly from Sanskrit (tatsama words), or indirectly via middle Indo-Aryan languages (tadbhava words). Words originating in Sanskrit are estimated at roughly fifty percent of the vocabulary of modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as the literary forms of Malayalam and Kannada. Literary texts in Telugu are lexically Sanskrit or Sanskritised to an enormous extent, perhaps seventy percent or more.

qas: question: From when are the earliest dated Sanskrit inscriptions?
answers: text: first century BCE
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question: In what script are the earliest Sanskrit inscriptions?
answers: text: Brahmi
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question: In what language was Brahmi first used?
answers: text: Prakrit
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question: What language is the descendant of Sanskrit?
answers: text: Prakrit
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question: How were early sacred texts offered?
answers: text: orally
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question: When were the latest inscriptions in Sanskrit known to exist? 
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question: When was the earliest Vedic script known to exist? 
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question: What written language is known to occur centuries later than Sanskrit?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where are there Prakrit inscriptions dating from the third century?
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question: What king's pillar is the most recent Brahmi inscription found on?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who coordinated Sanskrit as a foreign language?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is Pratyahara a partial abbreviation of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What allowed sanskrit to change linguistically?
is_impossible: yes
context: The earliest known inscriptions in Sanskrit date to the first century BCE.[citation needed] They are in the Brahmi script, which was originally used for Prakrit, not Sanskrit. It has been described as a paradox that the first evidence of written Sanskrit occurs centuries later than that of the Prakrit languages which are its linguistic descendants. In northern India, there are Brāhmī inscriptions dating from the third century BCE onwards, the oldest appearing on the famous Prakrit pillar inscriptions of king Ashoka. The earliest South Indian inscriptions in Tamil Brahmi, written in early Tamil, belong to the same period. When Sanskrit was written down, it was first used for texts of an administrative, literary or scientific nature. The sacred texts were preserved orally, and were set down in writing "reluctantly" (according to one commentator), and at a comparatively late date.

qas: question: What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition?
answers: text: Vyākaraṇa
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question: In what period did Vyakarana begin?
answers: text: late Vedic
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question: How many sutras are in the Astadhyayi?
answers: text: 3990 sutras
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question: Who composed Vartikas on the Panini sutras?
answers: text: Kātyāyana
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question: What is the abbreviated alphabet called? 
answers: text: Pratyāhara
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question: What was composed about a century before Panini?
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question: Who lived three centuries before Panini?
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question: What did Panini write?
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question: What is based on 12 Shiva sutras?
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question: What is Pratyahara a partial abbreviation of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What kind of competitions does the All-India Sanskrit Festival have?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a philosophical language in Islam?
is_impossible: yes

question: From what language is a large proportion of Tagalog derived?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Sanskrit grammatical tradition, Vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedangas, began in the late Vedic period and culminated in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, which consists of 3990 sutras (ca. fifth century BCE). About a century after Pāṇini (around 400 BCE), Kātyāyana composed Vārtikas on the Pāṇini sũtras. Patanjali, who lived three centuries after Pāṇini, wrote the Mahābhāṣya, the "Great Commentary" on the Aṣṭādhyāyī and Vārtikas. Because of these three ancient Vyākaraṇins (grammarians), this grammar is called Trimuni Vyākarana. To understand the meaning of the sutras, Jayaditya and Vāmana wrote a commentary, the Kāsikā, in 600 CE. Pāṇinian grammar is based on 14 Shiva sutras (aphorisms), where the whole mātrika (alphabet) is abbreviated. This abbreviation is called the Pratyāhara.

qas: question: According to Panini, from where did Sanskrit evolve?
answers: text: earlier Vedic
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question: To what time can the present form of Sanskrit be traced?
answers: text: second millennium BCE
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question: As what are Classical and Vedic Sanskrit often viewed?
answers: text: separate dialects
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question: What is Vedic Sanskrit meant to be used as?
answers: text: the Vedas
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question: What hymns are thought to be the earliest?
answers: text: Rigveda Samhita
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question: What is described as Vedic and evolved outof earlier Panini?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can be traced back to the second century A.D
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question: What are often considered the same dialects?
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question: What two dialects are vastly different?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the begining of the Vedic period marked by?
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question: What can be traced back to the first millennium?
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question: What is another name for Vedic Sanskrit?
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question: What are considered to be some of the later hymns by modern linguists?
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question: What was composed by only one author?
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question: What marked the beginning of Vedic period?
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question: Where in India is Sanskrit still spoken by the population?
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question: Who wrote the Bhagavad Gita?
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question: What village claims that it no longer has native Sanskrit speakers?
is_impossible: yes
context: Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The present form of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced back to as early as the second millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic). Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or "Pāṇinian" Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they differ in a number of essential points of phonology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations (Samhitas) and theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the Brahmanas and Upanishads. Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the Rigveda Samhita to be the earliest, composed by many authors over several centuries of oral tradition. The end of the Vedic period is marked by the composition of the Upanishads, which form the concluding part of the traditional Vedic corpus; however, the early Sutras are Vedic, too, both in language and content.

qas: question: When is it thought that early speakers of Sanskrit came to India?
answers: text: early second millennium BCE
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question: What is the relationship between Indo-Iranian and Baltic languages?
answers: text: close
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question: From what direction did Sanskrit travel to come to India?
answers: text: north-west
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question: Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries?
answers: text: India and Pakistan
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question: What is the theory called dealing with the transfer of Sanskrit to India?
answers: text: Indo-Aryan migration theory
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question: What does the Ino-European migration theory explain?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the original speakers of Sanskrit migrate to the north-west?
is_impossible: yes

question: What arrived in the Batic region during the second millenium BCE?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does Indo-Aryan migration disprove?
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question: What theory explains the different features of Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: To where did early speakers from the north-east bring Sanskrit?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who arrived in India during the first millennium BCE?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which languages share nothing in common with each other? 
is_impossible: yes

question: Little evidence exists to support which theory?
is_impossible: yes

question: What century can the development of the early Vedic language be traced to?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who coordinated Sanskrit as a foreign language?
is_impossible: yes

question: From when are the earliest dated Sanskrit inscriptions?
is_impossible: yes
context: In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.

qas: question: What form of speech shows that Sanskrit and Prakrits existed together?
answers: text: Sanskrit dramas
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question: What type of speakers spoke Sanskrit?
answers: text: multilingual
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question: For what did Brahmins use Sanskrit?
answers: text: scholarly communication
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question: Until what period was high Sanskrit used?
answers: text: British times
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question: How large of a group in society use Sanskrit?
answers: text: thin layer
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question: What kind of dramas used exclusively the Sanskrit language?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language was spoken by the less educated?
is_impossible: yes

question: What trait in the enlightened era did most Sanskrit speakers pocess?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who used Sanskrit for common communication?
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question: In what single location was Sanskrit centralized and maintained? 
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question: Which local population refuses to use Sanskrit as a language?
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question: How many speakers of Sanskrit were there by the 1991 census?
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question: Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries?
is_impossible: yes
context: Many Sanskrit dramas also indicate that the language coexisted with Prakrits, spoken by multilingual speakers with a more extensive education. Sanskrit speakers were almost always multilingual. In the medieval era, Sanskrit continued to be spoken and written, particularly by learned Brahmins for scholarly communication. This was a thin layer of Indian society, but covered a wide geography. Centres like Varanasi, Paithan, Pune and Kanchipuram had a strong presence of teaching and debating institutions, and high classical Sanskrit was maintained until British times.

qas: question: What organization is trying to revive Sanskrit?
answers: text: Samskrita Bharati
is_impossible: no

question: What kind of competitions does the All-India Sanskrit Festival have?
answers: text: composition contests
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question: How many speakers of Sanskrit were there by the 1991 census?
answers: text: 49,736
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question: Where in India is Sanskrit still spoken by the population?
answers: text: Mattur village
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question: Who originally gave Mattur village to Sanskrit scholars?
answers: text: king Krishnadevaraya
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question: What organization is working to get rid of the use of the Sanskrit language?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many fluent Sanskrit speakers were reported in 2002?
is_impossible: yes

question: What village claims that it no longer has native Sanskrit speakers?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which local population refuses to use Sanskrit as a language?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which village did Vedic scholars give to king Krishnadevaraya?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is an example of a Sanskrit loanword used in Southeast Asian languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is Pratyahara a partial abbreviation of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study?
is_impossible: yes
context: Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in central Karnataka claims to have native speakers of Sanskrit among its population. Inhabitants of all castes learn Sanskrit starting in childhood and converse in the language. Even the local Muslims converse in Sanskrit. Historically, the village was given by king Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire to Vedic scholars and their families, while people in his kingdom spoke Kannada and Telugu. Another effort concentrates on preserving and passing along the oral tradition of the Vedas, www.shrivedabharathi.in is one such organisation based out of Hyderabad that has been digitising the Vedas by recording recitations of Vedic Pandits.

qas: question: When was Sanskrit and Indian culture popular?
answers: text: 18th century
is_impossible: no

question: In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception?
answers: text: early 19th century
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question: How did the British academics show their feelings about Sanskrit?
answers: text: neglect
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question: What did British of the 19th century want India to be as soon as possible?
answers: text: assimilated to Britain
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question: Besides assimilation of British culture, what else did the British consider Indians to be?
answers: text: inferior
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question: What did Sir William Jones create enthusiasm about in the 17th century?
is_impossible: yes

question:  What was there a hostility towards in 19th century India?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who held fast to the teaching of Sanskrit in Britain?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what ways did Britain believe that India and Britain needed to be separated? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Trautmann believe was the cause of India believing that there culture was superior?
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question: What influenced the original scripts of the scribes?
is_impossible: yes

question: What script evolved from the Gupta script?
is_impossible: yes

question: The works of which two scholars were used to teach Sanskrit to the higher castes of India?
is_impossible: yes
context: Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifested by a neglect of Sanskrit in British academia. This was the beginning of a general push in favor of the idea that India should be culturally, religiously and linguistically assimilated to Britain as far as possible. Trautmann considers two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility: one was "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism, a theory of the English "common-sense view" that Indians constituted a "separate, inferior and unimprovable race".

qas: question: Who wrote an opera in Sanskrit?
answers: text: Philip Glass
is_impossible: no

question: On what was the Philip Glass opera based?
answers: text: Bhagavad Gita
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question: Which well known performer has used Sanskrit chants in her music?
answers: text: Madonna
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question: Which composer featured Sanskrit music in his movies?
answers: text: John Williams
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question: What is the source of the theme song of Battlestar Galactica?
answers: text: Rigveda
is_impossible: no

question: What is the opera created by Steven Glass that uses Sanskrit?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who wrote the Bhagavad Gita?
is_impossible: yes

question: What modern singer sang chants from Satyagraha?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did the Gayatri Mantra taken from Rigveda come from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What song sung by Enigma is a vinyasa yoga chant?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which languages share nothing in common with each other? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What language has influenced the languages of India?
is_impossible: yes

question: What century can the development of the early Vedic language be traced to?
is_impossible: yes
context: Satyagraha, an opera by Philip Glass, uses texts from the Bhagavad Gita, sung in Sanskrit. The closing credits of The Matrix Revolutions has a prayer from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The song "Cyber-raga" from Madonna's album Music includes Sanskrit chants, and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light, which won a Grammy, is the ashtanga vinyasa yoga chant. The lyrics include the mantra Om shanti. Composer John Williams featured choirs singing in Sanskrit for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. The theme song of Battlestar Galactica 2004 is the Gayatri Mantra, taken from the Rigveda. The lyrics of "The Child In Us" by Enigma also contains Sanskrit verses.[better source needed].