Dominican_Order

qas: question: What is the Latin for Order of Preachers?
answers: text: Ordo Praedicatorum
is_impossible: no

question: What Pope approved of the Order of Preachers?
answers: text: Pope Honorius III
is_impossible: no

question: After the 15th century, what was the Order of Preachers known as?
answers: text: the Dominican Order
is_impossible: no

question: What religion does the Dominican Order belong to?
answers: text: Roman Catholic
is_impossible: no

question: What Spanish Priest founded the Order of Preachers?
answers: text: Saint Dominic de Guzman
is_impossible: no

question: What was the Order of Preachers more commonly known as after the 16th century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is not the Latin term for the Order of Preachers?
is_impossible: yes

question: What religious order was founded by French priest Saint Dominic de Guzman?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which pope did not approve the Dominican order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Dominican Order's membership not include?
is_impossible: yes

question: The theologians of what German city gave the Dominican Order resistance?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can the soul see in perfect clarity?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did Dominic travel to Denmark in 1203?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum, hence the abbreviation OP used by members), more commonly known after the 15th century as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Saint Dominic de Guzman in France and approved by Pope Honorius III (1216–27) on 22 December 1216. Membership in this "mendicant" order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as tertiaries, though recently there has been a growing number of Associates, who are unrelated to the tertiaries) affiliated with the order.

qas: question: During what time period did the Dominican Order do its best work?
answers: text: the Middle Ages
is_impossible: no

question: What was one reason why the Dominican Order was established?
answers: text: to combat heresy
is_impossible: no

question: The head of the Dominican Order is known as what?
answers: text: Master of the Order
is_impossible: no

question: Who is the current Master of the Order?
answers: text: Bruno Cadoré
is_impossible: no

question: What is the Order of Preachers known for?
answers: text: its intellectual tradition
is_impossible: no

question: What  was the order not founded to do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did not place the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the order not famed for?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who headed the Dominican order in 1980?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does O.P. not stand for>
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was the Benedictine Order in England controlled by?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is one of the leading international centers for biblical research?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not want to instill mysticism in the Dominican order?
is_impossible: yes
context: Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Dominican Order is headed by the Master of the Order, who is currently Bruno Cadoré. Members of the order generally carry the letters O.P., standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers, after their names.

qas: question: During the Middle Ages, who was no longer expected to stay behind walls away from the common man?
answers: text: Men of God
is_impossible: no

question: How many orders of mendicant friars came out of the Middle Ages?
answers: text: two
is_impossible: no

question: Who led the Friars Minor order at this time?
answers: text: Francis of Assisi
is_impossible: no

question: Dominic of Guzman led what order of mendicant friars?
answers: text: the Friars Preachers
is_impossible: no

question: What two groups grew quickly during the Middle Ages?
answers: text: the Dominicans and Franciscans
is_impossible: no

question: What was not occurring when the Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were Men of God expected to stay behind?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many orders of mendicant friars did not come out of the Middle Ages? 
is_impossible: yes

question: Who led the Friars Major order at this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who led the Friars Teachers order at this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what city did Dominic establish a school?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the Latin for Order of Preachers?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not important to English mystics?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Dominican Order came into being in the Middle Ages at a time when religion began to be contemplated in a new way. Men of God were no longer expected to stay behind the walls of a cloister. Instead, they travelled among the people, taking as their examples the apostles of the primitive Church. Out of this ideal emerged two orders of mendicant friars: one, the Friars Minor, was led by Francis of Assisi; the other, the Friars Preachers, by Dominic of Guzman. Like his contemporary, Francis, Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization, and the quick growth of the Dominicans and Franciscans during their first century of existence confirms that the orders of mendicant friars met a need.

qas: question: The Dominican Order received influence from what monastic order?
answers: text: the Benedictines
is_impossible: no

question: What type of order was the Dominican Order?
answers: text: a preaching order
is_impossible: no

question: What did previous religious orders do for a living?
answers: text: farms
is_impossible: no

question: How did the Dominican Order earn money?
answers: text: by begging
is_impossible: no

question: What did Dominic not seek to do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What order did not influence the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Dominican Order not seek to be?
is_impossible: yes

question: How did previous religious orders not do for a living?
is_impossible: yes

question: What idea did Albertus champion?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was a subject that all Dominican students had to learn?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who invited Dominic to stay in the Roman Basilica of Santa Sabina?
is_impossible: yes
context: Dominic sought to establish a new kind of order, one that would bring the dedication and systematic education of the older monastic orders like the Benedictines to bear on the religious problems of the burgeoning population of cities, but with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy. Dominic's new order was to be a preaching order, trained to preach in the vernacular languages. Rather than earning their living on vast farms as the monasteries had done, the new friars would survive by begging, "selling" themselves through persuasive preaching.

qas: question: How did Dominic inspire his followers?
answers: text: with loyalty to learning and virtue
is_impossible: no

question: What group especially benefited from the Dominican Order's mystical spirituality?
answers: text: nuns
is_impossible: no

question: In what country did Dominican Order nuns thrive in?
answers: text: England
is_impossible: no

question: What type of spirituality did Dominic want his followers to learn?
answers: text: a "mixed" spirituality
is_impossible: no

question: How did Dominic not inspire his followers?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of governmental structure did Dominic not inspire his followers to form?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who developed an order where its members had a homogeneous spirituality?
is_impossible: yes

question: What order was rural and ignorant?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country did Benedictine Order nuns thrive? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What was immediate or intense for the nuns as it was for men? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What group of nuns are used all aspects of the Dominican Order for their work? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What was a subject that all Dominican students had to learn?
is_impossible: yes
context: Dominic inspired his followers with loyalty to learning and virtue, a deep recognition of the spiritual power of worldly deprivation and the religious state, and a highly developed governmental structure. At the same time, Dominic inspired the members of his order to develop a "mixed" spirituality. They were both active in preaching, and contemplative in study, prayer and meditation. The brethren of the Dominican Order were urban and learned, as well as contemplative and mystical in their spirituality. While these traits had an impact on the women of the order, the nuns especially absorbed the latter characteristics and made those characteristics their own. In England, the Dominican nuns blended these elements with the defining characteristics of English Dominican spirituality and created a spirituality and collective personality that set them apart.

qas: question: What subject did Dominic particularly love?
answers: text: theology
is_impossible: no

question: Why did Dominic sell his books?
answers: text: to help his neighbors
is_impossible: no

question: In what country did Dominic experience a great famine?
answers: text: Spain
is_impossible: no

question: At around what age was Dominic ordained as a Priest?
answers: text: twenty-five
is_impossible: no

question: After completing his studies, under whose rule did he become a regular canon?
answers: text: St. Augustine
is_impossible: no

question: What subject did Dominic particularly hate?
is_impossible: yes

question: What happened to Dominic during his studies in Paris, France?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did Dominic refuse to sell his beloved books?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes refuse to appoint Dominic to?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who entered the priesthood at the age of 30?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were candidates to profession not tested to do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not possible for English Dominican mystics?
is_impossible: yes

question: By what year was the school in Oxford completed?
is_impossible: yes
context: As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes appointed Dominic to the cathedral chapter and he became a regular canon under the Rule of St. Augustine and the Constitutions for the cathedral church of Osma. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, he was ordained to the priesthood.

qas: question: With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark?
answers: text: Prior Diego de Acebo
is_impossible: no

question: Who requested that Dominic travel to Denmark?
answers: text: monarchy of Spain
is_impossible: no

question: In 1203, what area was a stronghold of the Cathar?
answers: text: south of France
is_impossible: no

question: During what time period did the Albigensian Crusade occur?
answers: text: 1209–1229
is_impossible: no

question: Why did Dominic travel to Denmark in 1203?
answers: text: to arrange the marriage between the son of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of King Valdemar II of Denmark
is_impossible: no

question: Where was Margarette Reglerin from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year were there 5,570 priests in the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not write the wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God?
is_impossible: yes
context: In 1203, Dominic joined Prior Diego de Acebo on an embassy to Denmark for the monarchy of Spain, to arrange the marriage between the son of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of King Valdemar II of Denmark. At that time the south of France was the stronghold of the Cathar or Albigensian heresy, named after the Duke of Albi, a Cathar sympathiser and opponent to the subsequent Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229). Dominic was fired by a reforming zeal after they encountered Albigensian Christians at Toulouse.

qas: question: How did Prior Diego think the members of the Holy Church acted?
answers: text: with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony
is_impossible: no

question: Who did Prior Diego admire more than the Holy Church?
answers: text: the Cathars
is_impossible: no

question: How did the Cathars live?
answers: text: in a state of self-sacrifice
is_impossible: no

question: In order to change to a better way of life, what did the legates request of Diego?
answers: text: a strong leader
is_impossible: no

question: Who did Diego and Dominic try to convert?
answers: text: the Albigensians
is_impossible: no

question: Who did not immediately see one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not act or move with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Dominic admire more than the Holy Church?
is_impossible: yes

question: What state did the Cathers not live in?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was meet with much success?
is_impossible: yes

question: How does one not obtain a goal of understanding?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is there not a growing number of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did French Dominican spirituality concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes
context: Prior Diego saw immediately one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement: the representatives of the Holy Church acted and moved with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony. On the other hand, the Cathars lived in a state of self-sacrifice that was widely appealing. For these reasons, Prior Diego suggested that the papal legates begin to live a reformed apostolic life. The legates agreed to change if they could find a strong leader. The prior took up the challenge, and he and Dominic dedicated themselves to the conversion of the Albigensians. Despite this particular mission, in winning the Albigensians over by persuasion Dominic met limited success, "for though in his ten years of preaching a large number of converts were made, it has to be said that the results were not such as had been hoped for."

qas: question: In what year did Dominic establish a convent?
answers: text: 1206
is_impossible: no

question: What women did Dominic convert for his convent?
answers: text: Albigensian
is_impossible: no

question: What group are older than the Dominican Friars?
answers: text: Dominican nuns
is_impossible: no

question: Why did families send their girls to Diego's monastery? 
answers: text: too poor
is_impossible: no

question: How long after his mission did Prior Diego die?
answers: text: two years
is_impossible: no

question: Who became the spiritual father of several Albigensian women?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Dominic establish in 1306?
is_impossible: yes

question: What would become a foundation of the Benedictine nuns?
is_impossible: yes

question: What later became the Benedictine headquarters for Dominic's missionary effort?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did families not send their girls to Diego's monastery?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is man always seen as?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what country did some of the Dominican Order attributes change?
is_impossible: yes

question: Dominic's education helped him to overcome who?
is_impossible: yes
context: Dominic became the spiritual father to several Albigensian women he had reconciled to the faith, and in 1206 he established them in a convent in Prouille. This convent would become the foundation of the Dominican nuns, thus making the Dominican nuns older than the Dominican friars. Prior Diego sanctioned the building of a monastery for girls whose parents had sent them to the care of the Albigensians because their families were too poor to fulfill their basic needs. The monastery was at Prouille would later become Dominic's headquarters for his missionary effort there. After two years on the mission field, Prior Diego died while traveling back to Spain. When his preaching companions heard of his death, all save Dominic and a very small number of others returned to their homes.

qas: question: What framework did Dominic use in order to build his institution?
answers: text: Rule of St. Augustine
is_impossible: no

question: In what year did Dominic order his followers into an institutional life?
answers: text: 1215
is_impossible: no

question: Who was the successor to Dominic?
answers: text: Jordan of Saxony
is_impossible: no

question: What did the Rule of St. Augustine believe in?
answers: text: the "salvation of souls through preaching"
is_impossible: no

question: What were the Dominican Brothers?
answers: text: canons-regular
is_impossible: no

question: What framework did Dominic not use in order to stifle his institution?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year did Diego order his followers into an institutional life?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Rule of St. Augustine not believe in?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the Dominican Brothers not?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who could not practice ministry and common life while existing in poverty?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many preachers were expelled from the Dominican Order in 1867? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What draws many people into following the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were candidates to profession not tested to do?
is_impossible: yes
context: In July 1215, with the approbation of Bishop Foulques of Toulouse, Dominic ordered his followers into an institutional life. Its purpose was revolutionary in the pastoral ministry of the Catholic Church. These priests were organized and well trained in religious studies. Dominic needed a framework—a rule—to organize these components. The Rule of St. Augustine was an obvious choice for the Dominican Order, according to Dominic's successor, Jordan of Saxony, because it lent itself to the "salvation of souls through preaching". By this choice, however, the Dominican brothers designated themselves not monks, but canons-regular. They could practice ministry and common life while existing in individual poverty.

qas: question: Dominic studied in what city?
answers: text: Palencia
is_impossible: no

question: Dominic's education helped him to overcome who?
answers: text: the Manicheans
is_impossible: no

question: What helps define the work of the Dominican Order?
answers: text: charity
is_impossible: no

question: In what city did Dominic establish a school?
answers: text: Paris
is_impossible: no

question: Who did Dominic entrust to start his school?
answers: text: Matthew of Paris
is_impossible: no

question: What city did Dominic not study in?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the city of Palencia not give Dominic?
is_impossible: yes

question: What method was not used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against peril?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did not help define the work of the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What city did Dominic not establish a school?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is there not a growing number of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does love lead to according to English mystics?
is_impossible: yes

question: What refers to the conviction that all believers are capable of experiencing God's love?
is_impossible: yes
context: Dominic's education at Palencia gave him the knowledge he needed to overcome the Manicheans. With charity, the other concept that most defines the work and spirituality of the order, study became the method most used by the Dominicans in working to defend the Church against the perils that hounded it, and also of enlarging its authority over larger areas of the known world. In Dominic's thinking, it was impossible for men to preach what they did not or could not understand. When the brethren left Prouille, then, to begin their apostolic work, Dominic sent Matthew of Paris to establish a school near the University of Paris. This was the first of many Dominican schools established by the brethren, some near large universities throughout Europe.

qas: question: Where did Dominic and his followers live during early 1220?
answers: text: the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina
is_impossible: no

question: Who invited Dominic to stay in the Roman Basilica of Santa Sabina?
answers: text: Pope Honorius III
is_impossible: no

question: What was required of each new priory?
answers: text: its own studium conventuale
is_impossible: no

question: When did Pope Honorius III transfer property to the Order of Preachers?
answers: text: June 5, 1222
is_impossible: no

question: The College of Saint Thomas became what institution of learning in the 20th Century?
answers: text: the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum
is_impossible: no

question: Where did Dominic and his followers live in during early 1320?
is_impossible: yes

question: What pope did not invite Dominic to stay in the Roman basilica of Santa Sabina?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did Pope John Paul II transfer property to the Order of Preachers?
is_impossible: yes

question: How did female house not differ from male Dominican houses?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did many Benedictines take part in?
is_impossible: yes
context: In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220. Before that time the friars had only a temporary residence in Rome at the convent of San Sisto Vecchio which Honorius III had given to Dominic circa 1218 intending it to become a convent for a reformation of nuns at Rome under Dominic's guidance. In May 1220 at Bologna the order's first General Chapter mandated that each new priory of the order maintain its own studium conventuale thus laying the foundation of the Dominican tradition of sponsoring widespread institutions of learning. The official foundation of the Dominican convent at Santa Sabina with its studium conventuale occurred with the legal transfer of property from Honorius III to the Order of Preachers on June 5, 1222. This studium was transformed into the order's first studium provinciale by Saint Thomas Aquinas in 1265. Part of the curriculum of this studium was relocated in 1288 at the studium of Santa Maria sopra Minerva which in the 16th century world be transformed into the College of Saint Thomas (Latin: Collegium Divi Thomæ). In the 20th century the college would be relocated to the convent of Saints Dominic and Sixtus and would be transformed into the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum.

qas: question: What European country did the Dominican Friars quickly expand to?
answers: text: England
is_impossible: no

question: What British university did the Dominican Friars appear in?
answers: text: Oxford
is_impossible: no

question: What did the Dominican Order fight against?
answers: text: paganism
is_impossible: no

question: What is one branch of knowledge that the Dominican Order created works in?
answers: text: Thomas Aquinas
is_impossible: no

question: Who appointed the Dominican Order to begin the inquisition?
answers: text: Pope Gregory IX
is_impossible: no

question: What order did not quickly spread through England?
is_impossible: yes

question: What happened to the order in the 14th century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What French university did the Dominican friars appear in?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are the three branches of knowledge that the Dominican Order created works in?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who appointed the Benedictine Order to begin the inquisition? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What the one thing that the English Order of Dominican believe they did not need?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the province of England canonically erected?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not write the wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Dominican friars quickly spread, including to England, where they appeared in Oxford in 1221. In the 13th century the order reached all classes of Christian society, fought heresy, schism, and paganism by word and book, and by its missions to the north of Europe, to Africa, and Asia passed beyond the frontiers of Christendom. Its schools spread throughout the entire Church; its doctors wrote monumental works in all branches of knowledge, including the extremely important Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas. Its members included popes, cardinals, bishops, legates, inquisitors, confessors of princes, ambassadors, and paciarii (enforcers of the peace decreed by popes or councils). The order was appointed by Pope Gregory IX the duty to carry out the Inquisition. In his Papal Bull Ad extirpanda of 1252, Pope Innocent IV authorised the Dominicans' use of torture under prescribed circumstances.

qas: question: The term "Dominican mysticism" is also knows as what?
answers: text: German mysticism
is_impossible: no

question: In what European countries did the Dominican Order experience changes to how they thought?
answers: text: Germany and Italy
is_impossible: no

question: What saint is associated with the new Dominican mysticism?
answers: text: St. Catherine of Siena
is_impossible: no

question: Dominican mysticism also spread to what European country?
answers: text: the Netherlands
is_impossible: no

question: What friar helped to spread Dominican mysticism to Italy?
answers: text: Savonarola
is_impossible: no

question: What did not produce change within the order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the term "Dominican mysticism" not known as?
is_impossible: yes

question: What sprang up in Switzerland and Monaco?
is_impossible: yes

question: What saint is associated with the new Benedictine mysticism? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What nun helped to spread Dominican mysticism to Italy?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did French Dominican spirituality concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did not help define the work of the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Europeans of the Dominican Order bring to the group?
is_impossible: yes
context: The expansion of the order produced changes. A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St. Catherine of Siena are associated. (See German mysticism, which has also been called "Dominican mysticism.") This movement was the prelude to the reforms undertaken, at the end of the century, by Raymond of Capua, and continued in the following century. It assumed remarkable proportions in the congregations of Lombardy and the Netherlands, and in the reforms of Savonarola in Florence.

qas: question: What historical period gave the Dominican Order a challenge?
answers: text: the Renaissance
is_impossible: no

question: What was it about the Renaissance that gave the Dominican Order problems?
answers: text: pagan tendencies
is_impossible: no

question: The theologians of what German city gave the Dominican Order resistance?
answers: text: Cologne
is_impossible: no

question: What writer fused humanism with the Dominican Order teachings?
answers: text: Matteo Bandello
is_impossible: no

question: What Dominican friar celebrated the arts of the Renaissance age?
answers: text: Fra Angelico and Fra Bartolomeo
is_impossible: no

question: What did the order not find itself faced with?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the order embrace during the the Renaissance?
is_impossible: yes

question: What theologians of what English city gave the Dominican Order resistance?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did many Benedictines take part in?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which friars were celebrated in the science of the Renaissance age?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year did Diego order his followers into an institutional life?
is_impossible: yes

question: What title did Pere Vincent Jandel not hold during this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What idea did Albertus champion?
is_impossible: yes
context: At the same time the order found itself face to face with the Renaissance. It struggled against pagan tendencies in Renaissance humanism, in Italy through Dominici and Savonarola, in Germany through the theologians of Cologne but it also furnished humanism with such advanced writers as Francesco Colonna (probably the writer of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili) and Matteo Bandello. Many Dominicans took part in the artistic activity of the age, the most prominent being Fra Angelico and Fra Bartolomeo.

qas: question: In 1876, how many preachers were expelled from the Dominican Order?
answers: text: 500
is_impossible: no

question: In 1910, how many Dominicans were actively engaged in Order work?
answers: text: 4,472
is_impossible: no

question: How many Dominican friars were there in 2013?
answers: text: 6058
is_impossible: no

question: In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order?
answers: text: 2013
is_impossible: no

question: How many student brothers were there in the year 2000?
answers: text: 917
is_impossible: no

question: How many preachers were expelled from the Dominican Order in 1867? 
is_impossible: yes

question: How many Dominicans were actively engages in Order work in 1867? 
is_impossible: yes

question: How many Dominican friars were there in 2018?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year were there 5,570 priests in the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many students were there in the year 2001?
is_impossible: yes

question: What helps define the work of the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the Order of Preachers more commonly known as after the 16th century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What nun helped to spread Dominican mysticism to Italy?
is_impossible: yes
context: During this critical period, the number of Preachers seems never to have sunk below 3,500. Statistics for 1876 show 3,748, but 500 of these had been expelled from their convents and were engaged in parochial work. Statistics for 1910 show a total of 4,472 nominally or actually engaged in proper activities of the order. In the year 2000, there were 5,171 Dominican friars in solemn vows, 917 student brothers, and 237 novices. By the year 2013 there were 6058 Dominican friars, including 4,470 priests.

qas: question: What country held a prominent place in the revival movement?
answers: text: France
is_impossible: no

question: What orator was very famous during the revival movement?
answers: text: Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire
is_impossible: no

question: When was the province of France canonically erected?
answers: text: 1850
is_impossible: no

question: What title did Pere Vincent Jandel hold during this time?
answers: text: master general
is_impossible: no

question: What country held a minor place in the revival movement?
is_impossible: yes

question: What orator was not well known during the revival movement?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year did Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire take the habit of a Friar Preacher in Paris?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the province of England canonically erected?
is_impossible: yes

question: What title did Pere Vincent Jandel not hold during this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the English Dominican Order expect and seek the appearance of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What spirit did Dominic not give to his followers?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what European countries did the Dominican Order experience changes to how they thought?
is_impossible: yes
context: In the revival movement France held a foremost place, owing to the reputation and convincing power of the orator, Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire (1802–1861). He took the habit of a Friar Preacher at Rome (1839), and the province of France was canonically erected in 1850. From this province were detached the province of Lyon, called Occitania (1862), that of Toulouse (1869), and that of Canada (1909). The French restoration likewise furnished many laborers to other provinces, to assist in their organization and progress. From it came the master general who remained longest at the head of the administration during the 19th century, Père Vincent Jandel (1850–1872). Here should be mentioned the province of St. Joseph in the United States. Founded in 1805 by Edward Fenwick, afterwards first Bishop of Cincinnati, Ohio (1821–1832), this province has developed slowly, but now ranks among the most flourishing and active provinces of the order. In 1910 it numbered seventeen convents or secondary houses. In 1905, it established a large house of studies at Washington, D.C., called the Dominican House of Studies. There are now four Dominican provinces in the United States.

qas: question: What country has produced a large number of preachers?
answers: text: France
is_impossible: no

question: What Dominican Friar inugurated the conferences of Notre Dame of Paris?
answers: text: Père Lacordaire
is_impossible: no

question: What is the name of another French Dominican friar during this time?
answers: text: Thomas Etourneau
is_impossible: no

question: What is one of the leading international centers for biblical research?
answers: text: the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem
is_impossible: no

question: What was prepared at the Ecole Biblique?
answers: text: Jerusalem Bible
is_impossible: no

question: What country has produced a large number of nuns?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Benedictine Friar inaugurated the conference of Notre Dame of Paris?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the name of another English Benedictine friar during this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did English Dominican found and administer?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not prepared at the Ecole Biblique?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not write the wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is one of the leading international centers for biblical research?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was not a mystical theologian?
is_impossible: yes
context: The province of France has produced a large number of preachers. The conferences of Notre-Dame-de-Paris were inaugurated by Père Lacordaire. The Dominicans of the province of France furnished Lacordaire (1835–1836, 1843–1851), Jacques Monsabré (1869–1870, 1872–1890), Joseph Ollivier (1871, 1897), Thomas Etourneau (1898–1902).[citation needed] Since 1903 the pulpit of Notre Dame has been occupied by a succession of Dominicans. Père Henri Didon (d. 1900) was a Dominican. The house of studies of the province of France publishes L'Année Dominicaine (founded 1859), La Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Theologiques (1907), and La Revue de la Jeunesse (1909). French Dominicans founded and administer the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem founded in 1890 by Père Marie-Joseph Lagrange O.P. (1855–1938), one of the leading international centres for Biblical research. It is at the École Biblique that the famed Jerusalem Bible (both editions) was prepared.

qas: question: What school publishes the Revue Biblique?
answers: text: Biblical school at Jerusalem
is_impossible: no

question: How many students does the University of Fribourg have?
answers: text: 250
is_impossible: no

question: When was the University of Fribourg put into the Dominican Order's care?
answers: text: 1890
is_impossible: no

question: What is the name of one Dominican Order institution of learning?
answers: text: Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
is_impossible: no

question: What Dominican founded the Revue Thomiste?
answers: text: Père Thomas Coconnier
is_impossible: no

question: What school does not publish the Reve Biblique?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many students does the Monastery of Fribourg have?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year was the University of Fribourg put into the Benedictine Order's care?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the name of one Benedictine Order institute of learning?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Benedictine founded the Revue Thomiste?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not create, sustain, or guide man?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Dominican friar celebrated the arts of the Renaissance age?
is_impossible: yes

question: What state did the Cathers not live in?
is_impossible: yes
context: Doctrinal development has had an important place in the restoration of the Preachers. Several institutions, besides those already mentioned, played important parts. Such is the Biblical school at Jerusalem, open to the religious of the order and to secular clerics, which publishes the Revue Biblique. The faculty of theology at the University of Fribourg, confided to the care of the Dominicans in 1890, is flourishing, and has about 250 students. The Pontificium Collegium Internationale Angelicum, the future Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum established at Rome in 1908 by Master Hyacinth Cormier, opened its doors to regulars and seculars for the study of the sacred sciences. In addition to the reviews above are the Revue Thomiste, founded by Père Thomas Coconnier (d. 1908), and the Analecta Ordinis Prædicatorum (1893). Among numerous writers of the order in this period are: Cardinals Thomas Zigliara (d. 1893) and Zephirin González (d. 1894), two esteemed philosophers; Alberto Guillelmotti (d. 1893), historian of the Pontifical Navy, and Heinrich Denifle, one of the most famous writers on medieval history (d. 1905).[citation needed]

qas: question: What do present day Dominican Order associates do?
answers: text: share the mission and charism of the Dominican Family
is_impossible: no

question: What is an example of a modern Dominican Order follower?
answers: text: Christian women and men
is_impossible: no

question: What draws many people into following the Dominican Order?
answers: text: charism
is_impossible: no

question: Present day members continue to do what for the Dominican Order?
answers: text: to praise, to bless, to preach
is_impossible: no

question: What do present day Benedictine Order associates do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is there not a growing number of?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who does not share the Dominican charism?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is not an example of a modern Dominican Order follower?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do present day members continue to do for the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does love lead to according to French mystics?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where was Margarette Reglerin from?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did Dominic travel to Denmark in 1203?
is_impossible: yes
context: Today, there is a growing number of Associates who share the Dominican charism. Dominican Associates are Christian women and men; married, single, divorced, and widowed; clergy members and lay persons who were first drawn to and then called to live out the charism and continue the mission of the Dominican Order - to praise, to bless, to preach. Associates do not take vows, but rather make a commitment to be partners with vowed members, and to share the mission and charism of the Dominican Family in their own lives, families, churches, neighborhoods, workplaces, and cities. 

qas: question: The tradition of the Dominican Order includes what?
answers: text: charity
is_impossible: no

question: What is one area the Dominican Order puts emphasis on?
answers: text: learning
is_impossible: no

question: What is one way that the Dominican Order differentiates itself from other religious orders?
answers: text: charity
is_impossible: no

question: In what country did some of the Dominican Order attributes change?
answers: text: England
is_impossible: no

question: What is the spiritual tradition of Dominic's order not only punctuated by?
is_impossible: yes

question: What order does not include mystical union?
is_impossible: yes

question: What order was first developed on the Asian continent?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country did some of the Dominican Order not attribute change to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the friars and sisters in Christ not struggle with?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were young Dominicans encouraged not to do? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Humbert tell Dominican students to not concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Dominic not struggle with?
is_impossible: yes
context: The spiritual tradition of Dominic's Order is punctuated not only by charity, study and preaching, but also by instances of mystical union. The Dominican emphasis on learning and on charity distinguishes it from other monastic and mendicant orders. As the order first developed on the European continent, learning continued to be emphasized by these friars and their sisters in Christ. These religious also struggled for a deeply personal, intimate relationship with God. When the order reached England, many of these attributes were kept, but the English gave the order additional, specialized characteristics. This topic is discussed below.

qas: question: What did Dominic greatly struggle with?
answers: text: relationship with God
is_impossible: no

question: Who remembered Dominic as a cheerful fellow?
answers: text: St. Cecilia
is_impossible: no

question: What did Dominic enjoy doing?
answers: text: sing
is_impossible: no

question: Who did Dominic pray for?
answers: text: poor sinners
is_impossible: no

question: What did Dominic refuse to do?
answers: text: carry money
is_impossible: no

question: What did Dominic not struggle with?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who remembered Dominic as a sour fellow?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Dominic not like to greatly do?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Dominic not pray for?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who owned multiple habits?
is_impossible: yes

question: With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Humbert instruct the students not to be?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not greatly help the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes
context: Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, singing was apparently one of Dominic's great delights. Dominic practiced self-scourging and would mortify himself as he prayed alone in the chapel at night for 'poor sinners.' He owned a single habit, refused to carry money, and would allow no one to serve him.

qas: question: What spirit did Dominic give to his followers?
answers: text: to assist those searching for the truth
is_impossible: no

question: Where did Dominic want his followers to look for truth?
answers: text: gospel of Christ
is_impossible: no

question: What type of man was Dominic?
answers: text: a man of prayer
is_impossible: no

question: What was not evidenced throughout all the branches of the order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the spirituality not reflect?
is_impossible: yes

question: What spirit did Dominic not give to his followers?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of man was Dominic not?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Dominic not fully utilize?
is_impossible: yes

question: What title did Pere Vincent Jandel not hold during this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who believed that negative knowledge of God is possible, but obsure?
is_impossible: yes

question: How did Prior Diego think the members of the Holy Church acted?
is_impossible: yes
context: The spirituality evidenced throughout all of the branches of the order reflects the spirit and intentions of its founder, though some of the elements of what later developed might have surprised the Castilian friar. Fundamentally, Dominic was "... a man of prayer who utilized the full resources of the learning available to him to preach, to teach, and even materially to assist those searching for the truth found in the gospel of Christ. It is that spirit which [Dominic] bequeathed to his followers".

qas: question: Who was the Master general of the Dominican Order during the mid 1200s?
answers: text: Humbert of Romans
is_impossible: no

question: What years was Humbert of Rome the Master General?
answers: text: 1254 to 1263
is_impossible: no

question: What did Humbert do that was very significant during his time as Master general?
answers: text: the sisters in the order were given official membership
is_impossible: no

question: What did subject did Humbert love very much?
answers: text: languages
is_impossible: no

question: What language did Humbert want the Dominican Order members to learn?
answers: text: Arabic
is_impossible: no

question: Who was the Master general of the Dominican order during the early 1200s?
is_impossible: yes

question: During whose tenure was the sisters of the order not given official membership?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not have a great love of languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Hobart not want the friars to reach?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not Hobart's first priority?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not greatly help the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: How did the Cathars live?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does love lead to according to French mystics?
is_impossible: yes
context: Humbert of Romans, the master general of the order from 1254 to 1263, was a great administrator, as well as preacher and writer. It was under his tenure as master general that the sisters in the order were given official membership. Humbert was a great lover of languages, and encouraged linguistic studies among the Dominicans, primarily Arabic, because of the missionary work friars were pursuing amongst those led astray or forced to convert by Muslims in the Middle East. He also wanted his friars to reach excellence in their preaching, and this was his most lasting contribution to the order. The growth of the spirituality of young preachers was his first priority. He once cried to his students: "... consider how excellent this office [of preaching] is, because it is apostolic; how useful, because it is directly ordained for the salvation of souls; how perilous, because few have in them, or perform, what the office requires, for it is not without great danger ... , vol. xxv. (Lyon, 1677)

qas: question: What did Humbert use to teach even weak members of the Dominican Order?
answers: text: uncomplicated language
is_impossible: no

question: What did Humbert tell Dominican students to not concentrate on?
answers: text: miracles
is_impossible: no

question: According to Humbert, what is all that God regards?
answers: text: good will
is_impossible: no

question: What did Humbert instruct the students not to be?
answers: text: sad
is_impossible: no

question: Who was not at the center of ascetic writers in the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not significantly add to the order's spirituality?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Hobart's writing's not permeate with?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were young Dominicans encouraged not to do? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Humbert instruct the students to be?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Dominican Friar inugurated the conferences of Notre Dame of Paris?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the sisters not have?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Pope approved of the Order of Preachers?
is_impossible: yes
context: Humbert is at the center of ascetic writers in the Dominican Order. In this role, he added significantly to its spirituality. His writings are permeated with "religious good sense," and he used uncomplicated language that could edify even the weakest member. Humbert advised his readers, "[Young Dominicans] are also to be instructed not to be eager to see visions or work miracles, since these avail little to salvation, and sometimes we are fooled by them; but rather they should be eager to do good in which salvation consists. Also, they should be taught not to be sad if they do not enjoy the divine consolations they hear others have; but they should know the loving Father for some reason sometimes withholds these. Again, they should learn that if they lack the grace of compunction or devotion they should not think they are not in the state of grace as long as they have good will, which is all that God regards".

qas: question: The Dominican Order was also greatly helped by what German friar?
answers: text: Albertus Magnus
is_impossible: no

question: Albert Magnus was also known as "Albert the what"?
answers: text: Great
is_impossible: no

question: What was a discipline of Albert the Great?
answers: text: ecumenist
is_impossible: no

question: Who did Albert Magnus introduce to Dominican Order students?
answers: text: Aristotle
is_impossible: no

question: Who helped Albert Magnus bring Aristotelian curriculum to Dominican classrooms?
answers: text: Thomas Aquinas
is_impossible: no

question: Who did not greatly help the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Albert Magnus not also known as "Albert the what?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not a discipline of Albert the Great?
is_impossible: yes

question: Whose curriculum did Albert not mold? 
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Albert Magnus not introduce to Dominican Order students?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not an image of divinity?
is_impossible: yes

question: What book could not be found in the Dartford's sister's library?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes
context: Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great". His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life. Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, ecumenist, and diplomat. Under the auspices of Humbert of Romans, Albert molded the curriculum of studies for all Dominican students, introduced Aristotle to the classroom and probed the work of Neoplatonists, such as Plotinus. Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself (1245–1274) that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools.

qas: question: Albert Magnus studied Dionysus during what historical period?
answers: text: medieval
is_impossible: no

question: What was one of Albert the Great's biggest contributions during the medieval period?
answers: text: his study of Dionysus the Areopagite
is_impossible: no

question: Who was Dionysus?
answers: text: a mystical theologian
is_impossible: no

question: What refers to the conviction that all believers are capable of experiencing God's love?
answers: text: Mysticism
is_impossible: no

question: Albert magnus' writings contributed greatly to what?
answers: text: German mysticism
is_impossible: no

question: What was not one of Albert's great contributions?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did Dionysus the Areopagite words not leave an indelible imprint?
is_impossible: yes

question: What of Magnus' did not make a significant contribution to German mysticism?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was not a mystical theologian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What refers to the conviction that all non-believers are capable of experiencing God's love?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who were the nunneries under the jurisdiction of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does love lead to according to French mystics?
is_impossible: yes

question: How did the Cathars live?
is_impossible: yes
context: One of Albert's greatest contributions was his study of Dionysus the Areopagite, a mystical theologian whose words left an indelible imprint in the medieval period. Magnus' writings made a significant contribution to German mysticism, which became vibrant in the minds of the Beguines and women such as Hildegard of Bingen and Mechthild of Magdeburg. Mysticism, for the purposes of this study, refers to the conviction that all believers have the capability to experience God's love. This love may manifest itself through brief ecstatic experiences, such that one may be engulfed by God and gain an immediate knowledge of Him, which is unknowable through the intellect alone.

qas: question: What idea did Albertus champion?
answers: text: positive knowledge of God is possible
is_impossible: no

question: Who influenced Magnus at this time?
answers: text: Dionysus
is_impossible: no

question: What is it easier to do regarding God?
answers: text: state what God is not
is_impossible: no

question: How do we deny things of God?
answers: text: absolutely
is_impossible: no

question: Who did not champion the idea drawn from Dionysus?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who believed that negative knowledge of God is possible, but obsure?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is not easier to do regarding God?
is_impossible: yes

question: How do we accept things of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is there contradiction between?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the friars and sisters in Christ not struggle with?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Diego and Dominic try to convert?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of understanding of scripture did the English Order subscribe to?
is_impossible: yes
context: Albertus Magnus championed the idea, drawn from Dionysus, that positive knowledge of God is possible, but obscure. Thus, it is easier to state what God is not, than to state what God is: "... we affirm things of God only relatively, that is, casually, whereas we deny things of God absolutely, that is, with reference to what He is in Himself. And there is no contradiction between a relative affirmation and an absolute negation. It is not contradictory to say that someone is white-toothed and not white".

qas: question: What enhances man's faith in God according to Albertus Magnus?
answers: text: wisdom
is_impossible: no

question: What is a tool that God uses to speak to the average man?
answers: text: understanding
is_impossible: no

question: How can man obtain understanding of God?
answers: text: Contemplation
is_impossible: no

question: If someone contemplates God forever, what type of knowledge will they obtain?
answers: text: imperfect
is_impossible: no

question: What cannot see God itself?
answers: text: The soul
is_impossible: no

question: Who did not write the wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does God not use to speak with an average man?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is not the cause or result of true understanding and judgment?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can the soul see in perfect clarity?
is_impossible: yes

question: How does one not obtain a goal of understanding?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is man never seen as?
is_impossible: yes

question: In order to change to a better way of life, what did the legates request of Diego?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the least significant way to know Christ?
is_impossible: yes
context: Albert the Great wrote that wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God. According to him, these are the tools that God uses to commune with a contemplative. Love in the soul is both the cause and result of true understanding and judgement. It causes not only an intellectual knowledge of God, but a spiritual and emotional knowledge as well. Contemplation is the means whereby one can obtain this goal of understanding. Things that once seemed static and unchanging become full of possibility and perfection. The contemplative then knows that God is, but she does not know what God is. Thus, contemplation forever produces a mystified, imperfect knowledge of God. The soul is exalted beyond the rest of God's creation but it cannot see God Himself.

qas: question: What virtue guides Christians in their understanding of God?
answers: text: Meekness
is_impossible: no

question: According to Christianity, who is the "One"?
answers: text: God/Christ
is_impossible: no

question: What is Charity to a Christian?
answers: text: manifestation of the pure love of Christ
is_impossible: no

question: What should man's nature be centered on?
answers: text: the One
is_impossible: no

question: What happened within a man as the image of God decreases?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does not guide Christians to acknowledge that are are nothing without God? 
is_impossible: yes

question: Who do Christians not consider to the "One"?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not create, sustain, or guide man?
is_impossible: yes

question: What should man;s nature not be centered on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What helps define the work of the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: The English Dominican Order wanted to put what at the center of their study of Christ?
is_impossible: yes

question: What activities did the nuns not have to do?
is_impossible: yes
context: As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man then directs his path to that One, and the love for, and of, Christ guides man's very nature to become centered on the One, and on his neighbor as well. Charity is the manifestation of the pure love of Christ, both for and by His follower.

qas: question: What did the Europeans of the Dominican Order bring to the group?
answers: text: ecstatic mysticism
is_impossible: no

question: What did the English Dominicans hope to do within the Order?
answers: text: to emulate the moral life of Christ more completely
is_impossible: no

question: What group of nuns are used all aspects of the Dominican Order for their work? 
answers: text: Dartford
is_impossible: no

question: The Dartford Nuns are similar to what group?
answers: text: mystics
is_impossible: no

question: What do ecstatic mystics hope to achieve?
answers: text: a union with the Creator
is_impossible: no

question: What was not affected by a number of elemental influences?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did later members imbue the order with?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Europeans of the order not embrace?
is_impossible: yes

question: What of type of experiences were English Dominicans entirely focused on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the English Dominicans not hope to do within the order?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who invited Dominic to stay in the Roman Basilica of Santa Sabina?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of order was the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: According to Humbert, what is all that God regards?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Dominican Order was affected by a number of elemental influences. Its early members imbued the order with a mysticism and learning. The Europeans of the order embraced ecstatic mysticism on a grand scale and looked to a union with the Creator. The English Dominicans looked for this complete unity as well, but were not so focused on ecstatic experiences. Instead, their goal was to emulate the moral life of Christ more completely. The Dartford nuns were surrounded by all of these legacies, and used them to create something unique. Though they are not called mystics, they are known for their piety toward God and their determination to live lives devoted to, and in emulation of, Him.

qas: question: The search for mysticism in the Dominican Order goes back to what?
answers: text: Hebrew Bible
is_impossible: no

question: What is the Holy Writ?
answers: text: Bible
is_impossible: no

question: Who wanted to put mysticism into the Dominican Order?
answers: text: Albertus Magnus
is_impossible: no

question: Whose writings introduced the idea of 'unknowing' to the Order of Preachers?
answers: text: Jewish and early Christian writings
is_impossible: no

question: What concept does not reach back to the Hebrew Bible?
is_impossible: yes

question: What tradition believed that it was possible to come face to face with God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the commandment of Exodus 20.4-5 allow?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not want to instill mysticism in the Dominican order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What writings introduced the idea of "knowing" to the Order of Preachers?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country has produced a large number of nuns?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not act or move with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the Dominican Brothers?
is_impossible: yes
context: Although Albertus Magnus did much to instill mysticism in the Order of Preachers, it is a concept that reaches back to the Hebrew Bible. In the tradition of Holy Writ, the impossibility of coming face to face with God is a recurring motif, thus the commandment against graven images (Exodus 20.4-5). As time passed, Jewish and early Christian writings presented the idea of 'unknowing,' where God's presence was enveloped in a dark cloud. These images arose out of a confusing mass of ambiguous and ambivalent statements regarding the nature of God and man's relationship to Him.

qas: question: Who did some early Dominican followers have trouble reconciling?
answers: text: female Dominican houses
is_impossible: no

question: Where was one female Dominican house located?
answers: text: Prouille
is_impossible: no

question: How many female Dominican houses were there in Germany?
answers: text: seventy-four
is_impossible: no

question: Who were an order of religious women who later converted to Dominican?
answers: text: Beguines
is_impossible: no

question: How many Dominican nunneries were there by 1358?
answers: text: one hundred and fifty-seven
is_impossible: no

question: Who did some early Dominican followers not have trouble reconciling?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did some of the brethren not have issues with?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where in England was one female Dominican house located?
is_impossible: yes

question: What dotted the countryside throughout Asia?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many female Benedictine houses  were in France?
is_impossible: yes

question: How do we accept things of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many student brothers were there in the year 2000?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of understanding of scripture did the English Order subscribe to?
is_impossible: yes
context: Although Dominic and the early brethren had instituted female Dominican houses at Prouille and other places by 1227, some of the brethren of the order had misgivings about the necessity of female religious establishments in an order whose major purpose was preaching, a duty in which women could not traditionally engage. In spite of these doubts, women's houses dotted the countryside throughout Europe. There were seventy-four Dominican female houses in Germany, forty-two in Italy, nine in France, eight in Spain, six in Bohemia, three in Hungary, and three in Poland. Many of the German religious houses that lodged women had been home to communities of women, such as Beguines, that became Dominican once they were taught by the traveling preachers and put under the jurisdiction of the Dominican authoritative structure. A number of these houses became centers of study and mystical spirituality in the 14th century. There were one hundred and fifty-seven nunneries in the order by 1358. In that year, the number lessened due to disasters like the Black Death.

qas: question: How did female Dominican houses differ from male ones?
answers: text: lack of apostolic work
is_impossible: no

question: What did the sisters do instead of apostolic work?
answers: text: chanted the Divine Office
is_impossible: no

question: What did the sisters not have?
answers: text: government of their own
is_impossible: no

question: Who were the nunneries under the jurisdiction of?
answers: text: friars
is_impossible: no

question: What is one role that the friars served as to the nuns?
answers: text: teachers
is_impossible: no

question: How did female house not differ from male Dominican houses?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Benedictine sisters do instead of apostolic work?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the sisters have?
is_impossible: yes

question: Whose authority did the sisters not live under?
is_impossible: yes

question: What roles did the friars not serve as to the nuns?
is_impossible: yes

question: With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark?
is_impossible: yes

question: Present day members continue to do what for the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What title did Pere Vincent Jandel not hold during this time?
is_impossible: yes
context: Female houses differed from male Dominican houses in a lack of apostolic work for the women. Instead, the sisters chanted the Divine Office and kept all the monastic observances. Their lives were often much more strict than their brothers' lives. The sisters had no government of their own, but lived under the authority of the general and provincial chapters of the order. They were compelled to obey all the rules and shared in all the applicable privileges of the order. Like the Priory of Dartford, all Dominican nunneries were under the jurisdiction of friars. The friars served as their confessors, priests, teachers and spiritual mentors.

qas: question: After what age could women become members of the Dominican Order?
answers: text: thirteen
is_impossible: no

question: What type of veil must the sisters wear?
answers: text: black
is_impossible: no

question: The formula for profession into the Dominican Order is presented in what text?
answers: text: the Constitutions of Montargis Priory
is_impossible: no

question: What were the nuns allowed to minimally do?
answers: text: Speak
is_impossible: no

question: What were the nuns tested on?
answers: text: intellectual abilities
is_impossible: no

question: What age could women become members of the Benedictine order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Constitutions of Montargis not demand of the nuns?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of veil did the sisters not have to wear?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not required of the sisters to wear?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were candidates to profession not tested to do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the nuns of the Dominican order do among people?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the English Dominican Order not want to create in themselves?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the French Dominican Order want to put at the the center of their study of Christ?
is_impossible: yes
context: Women could not be professed to the Dominican religious life before the age of thirteen. The formula for profession contained in the Constitutions of Montargis Priory (1250) demands that nuns pledge obedience to God, the Blessed Virgin, their prioress and her successors according to the Rule of St. Augustine and the institute of the order, until death. The clothing of the sisters consisted of a white tunic and scapular, a leather belt, a black mantle, and a black veil. Candidates to profession were tested to reveal whether they were actually married women who had merely separated from their husbands. Their intellectual abilities were also tested. Nuns were to be silent in places of prayer, the cloister, the dormitory, and refectory. Silence was maintained unless the prioress granted an exception for a specific cause. Speaking was allowed in the common parlor, but it was subordinate to strict rules, and the prioress, subprioress or other senior nun had to be present.

qas: question: What did the nuns not do in the Dominican Order?
answers: text: preach among the people
is_impossible: no

question: What was one of the activities the nuns enjoyed?
answers: text: embroidery
is_impossible: no

question: Who was expelled from a nunnery for not wanting to learn?
answers: text: Margarette Reglerin
is_impossible: no

question: Where was Margarette Reglerin from?
answers: text: Nuremberg
is_impossible: no

question: What monastery did the nuns belong to who could speak Latin fluently?
answers: text: Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret
is_impossible: no

question: What did the nuns of the Dominican order do among people?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was immediate or intense for the nuns as it was for men? 
is_impossible: yes

question: What activities did the nuns not have to do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Strasbourg monastery did some nuns not converse fluently in Latin? 
is_impossible: yes

question: How does one not obtain a goal of understanding?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the nuns allowed to minimally do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What spirit did Dominic not give to his followers?
is_impossible: yes
context: Because the nuns of the order did not preach among the people, the need to engage in study was not as immediate or intense as it was for men. They did participate, however, in a number of intellectual activities. Along with sewing and embroidery, nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church leaders. In the Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret, some of the nuns could converse fluently in Latin. Learning still had an elevated place in the lives of these religious. In fact, Margarette Reglerin, a daughter of a wealthy Nuremberg family, was dismissed from a convent because she did not have the ability or will to learn.

qas: question: The Dartford sisters were heirs of what priory?
answers: text: priory of Poissy
is_impossible: no

question: Where was the priory of Poissy located?
answers: text: France
is_impossible: no

question: What book could be found in The Dartford sister's library?
answers: text: Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom
is_impossible: no

question: What did the Dartford nunnery have in common with the priory of Poissy?
answers: text: a religious house founded by a royal house
is_impossible: no

question: What priory were the Dartford sisters not heirs to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What country in Asia was the priory of Poissy located?
is_impossible: yes

question: What book could not be found in the Dartford's sister's library?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does not show that a "ghoostli" link to Europe was not lost in the Channel crossing?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the French nuns proud of?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did some early Dominican followers not have trouble reconciling?
is_impossible: yes

question: The tradition of the Dominican Order includes what?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Dominic pray for?
is_impossible: yes
context: As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety. Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to Europe was not lost in the crossing of the Channel. It survived in the minds of the nuns. Also, the nuns shared a unique identity with Poissy as a religious house founded by a royal house. The English nuns were proud of this heritage, and aware that many of them shared in England's great history as members of the noble class, as seen in the next chapter.

qas: question: The Dominican Order in England was controlled by who?
answers: text: Englishmen
is_impossible: no

question: The national side of the Order was influenced by what other side?
answers: text: international
is_impossible: no

question: Why was the English order of the Dominicans so successful in England?
answers: text: Its direct supervisors were from England
is_impossible: no

question: Who was the Benedictine Order in England controlled by?
is_impossible: yes

question: What component of the French Province was it influenced by?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did members of the French province dwell and labor?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did not constantly come into contact?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did not influence the national side of the Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What draws many people into following the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did subject did Humbert love very much?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a tool that God uses to speak to the average man?
is_impossible: yes
context: The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions. It was also, however, a group of Englishmen. Its direct supervisors were from England, and the members of the English Province dwelt and labored in English cities, towns, villages, and roadways. English and European ingredients constantly came in contact. The international side of the province's existence influenced the national, and the national responded to, adapted, and sometimes constrained the international.

qas: question: What famous school was home to the first English Dominican Order?
answers: text: Oxford
is_impossible: no

question: Who did the friars build an oratory in honor of?
answers: text: the Blessed Virgin Mary
is_impossible: no

question: What was a subject that all Dominican students had to learn?
answers: text: natural philosophy
is_impossible: no

question: What was the most important subject for Dominican students?
answers: text: theology
is_impossible: no

question: By what year was the school in Oxford completed?
answers: text: 1265
is_impossible: no

question: Where was the first Benedictine site in England?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Benedictine friars build?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Dominican friars build in 1260?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the subjects that all Benedictine students had to learn?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the most important subject that all Benedictine students had to learn?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the least significant way to know Christ?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did not have a great love of languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did French Dominican spirituality concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes
context: The first Dominican site in England was at Oxford, in the parishes of St. Edward and St. Adelaide. The friars built an oratory to the Blessed Virgin Mary and by 1265, the brethren, in keeping with their devotion to study, began erecting a school. Actually, the Dominican brothers likely began a school immediately after their arrival, as priories were legally schools. Information about the schools of the English Province is limited, but a few facts are known. Much of the information available is taken from visitation records. The "visitation" was a section of the province through which visitors to each priory could describe the state of its religious life and its studies to the next chapter. There were four such visits in England and Wales—Oxford, London, Cambridge and York. All Dominican students were required to learn grammar, old and new logic, natural philosophy and theology. Of all of the curricular areas, however, theology was the most important. This is not surprising when one remembers Dominic's zeal for it.

qas: question: What did European mysticism concentrate on that English mysticism didn't?
answers: text: ecstatic experiences of union with the divine
is_impossible: no

question: English mysticism was composed of how many elements?
answers: text: four
is_impossible: no

question: What is one element of English Dominican mysticism?
answers: text: it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life
is_impossible: no

question: What was the focus of English Dominican mysticism?
answers: text: one's personal relationship with God
is_impossible: no

question: What did European mysticism and English mysticism both concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not a focus for English Dominican mysticism?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which mysticism was composed of 5 elements?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not an image of divinity?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not ethical or an actual union of God?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Dominican Order not seek to be?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who led the Friars Major order at this time?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many female Benedictine houses  were in France?
is_impossible: yes
context: English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God. This was an essential moral imitation of the Savior as an ideal for religious change, and as the means for reformation of humanity's nature as an image of divinity. This type of mysticism carried with it four elements. First, spiritually it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life. Second, there was a connection linking moral emulation of Christ's life and humanity's disposition as images of the divine. Third, English Dominican mysticism focused on an embodied spirituality with a structured love of fellow men at its center. Finally, the supreme aspiration of this mysticism was either an ethical or an actual union with God.

qas: question: What was so important to English mystics?
answers: text: the journey of, or process of, faith
is_impossible: no

question: The process of faith leads one to what?
answers: text: knowledge of divinity
is_impossible: no

question: What did the English Dominican mystics not require in their work?
answers: text: visions and voices
is_impossible: no

question: What did the English Order of Dominicans believe was the only thing they needed?
answers: text: faith
is_impossible: no

question: What was not important to English mystics?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the process of faith not led one to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not possible for English Dominican mystics?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did English Dominican mystics not experience?
is_impossible: yes

question: What the one thing that the English Order of Dominican believe they did not need?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Dominic pray for?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the French Dominican order focus primarily on?
is_impossible: yes

question: How do we deny things of God?
is_impossible: yes
context: For English Dominican mystics, the mystical experience was not expressed just in one moment of the full knowledge of God, but in the journey of, or process of, faith. This then led to an understanding that was directed toward an experiential knowledge of divinity. It is important to understand, however, that for these mystics it was possible to pursue mystical life without the visions and voices that are usually associated with such a relationship with God. They experienced a mystical process that allowed them, in the end, to experience what they had already gained knowledge of through their faith only.

qas: question: How did the English order hope to gain knowledge of Christ?
answers: text: through an imitation of His life
is_impossible: no

question: Who is at the center of all mystical experiences?
answers: text: Christ
is_impossible: no

question: What is the most significant way to know Christ?
answers: text: emulation of the moral actions and attitudes that Jesus demonstrated in His earthly ministry
is_impossible: no

question: What did English mystics tend to focus on in their studies?
answers: text: the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified
is_impossible: no

question: What type of understanding of scripture did the English Order subscribe to?
answers: text: progressive
is_impossible: no

question: What was not at the center of all mystical experiences?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did English Dominicans not seek to gain?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did English mystics of all types not focus on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the least significant way to know Christ?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of understanding of scripture did the French Order subscribe to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did French Dominican spirituality concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did not constantly come into contact?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Pope approved of the Order of Preachers?
is_impossible: yes
context: The center of all mystical experience is, of course, Christ. English Dominicans sought to gain a full knowledge of Christ through an imitation of His life. English mystics of all types tended to focus on the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified. This led to a "progressive understanding of the meanings of Scripture--literal, moral, allegorical, and anagogical"—that was contained within the mystical journey itself. From these considerations of Scripture comes the simplest way to imitate Christ: an emulation of the moral actions and attitudes that Jesus demonstrated in His earthly ministry becomes the most significant way to feel and have knowledge of God.

qas: question: The English Dominican Order focused primarily on what?
answers: text: the events of Christ's life
is_impossible: no

question: What did the English Order not care about?
answers: text: the stigmata
is_impossible: no

question: The English Dominican Order wanted to put what at the center of their study of Christ?
answers: text: love
is_impossible: no

question: What does Christ's love reveal to humanity?
answers: text: the mercy of God
is_impossible: no

question: What does love lead to according to English mystics?
answers: text: spiritual growth
is_impossible: no

question: What did the French Dominican order focus primarily on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the English Dominican Order expect and seek the appearance of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the English Dominican Order not want to create in themselves?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the French Dominican Order want to put at the the center of their study of Christ?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does love lead to according to French mystics?
is_impossible: yes

question: What draws many people into following the Dominican Order?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did Dominic travel to Denmark in 1203?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were young Dominicans encouraged not to do? 
is_impossible: yes
context: The English concentrated on the spirit of the events of Christ's life, not the literality of events. They neither expected nor sought the appearance of the stigmata or any other physical manifestation. They wanted to create in themselves that environment that allowed Jesus to fulfill His divine mission, insofar as they were able. At the center of this environment was love: the love that Christ showed for humanity in becoming human. Christ's love reveals the mercy of God and His care for His creation. English Dominican mystics sought through this love to become images of God. Love led to spiritual growth that, in turn, reflected an increase in love for God and humanity. This increase in universal love allowed men's wills to conform to God's will, just as Christ's will submitted to the Father's will.

qas: question: What is man always seen as?
answers: text: an image of God
is_impossible: no

question: What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on?
answers: text: moral implications of image-bearing
is_impossible: no

question: What amends humanity to God's life?
answers: text: The process of Christ's life
is_impossible: no

question: The idea of the image of God allows man to do what?
answers: text: move toward God
is_impossible: no

question: What did French Dominican spirituality concentrate on?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is man never seen as?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the the "image of God" not demonstrate for man?
is_impossible: yes

question: What happens when man's love and knowledge of God decreases?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is one of the leading international centers for biblical research?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Humbert do that was very significant during his time as Master general?
is_impossible: yes

question: In 1203, what area was a stronghold of the Cathar?
is_impossible: yes
context: Concerning humanity as the image of Christ, English Dominican spirituality concentrated on the moral implications of image-bearing rather than the philosophical foundations of the imago Dei. The process of Christ's life, and the process of image-bearing, amends humanity to God's image. The idea of the "image of God" demonstrates both the ability of man to move toward God (as partakers in Christ's redeeming sacrifice), and that, on some level, man is always an image of God. As their love and knowledge of God grows and is sanctified by faith and experience, the image of God within man becomes ever more bright and clear.