Iranian_languages

qas: question: What is another term meaning Iranian languages?
answers: text: Iranic languages
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question: What are the Iranic languages a subgroup of?
answers: text: Indo-Iranian languages
is_impossible: no

question: What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of?
answers: text: Indo-European language family
is_impossible: no

question: When did the change from Old Iranian to Middle Iranian occur?
answers: text: 400 BCE
is_impossible: no

question: What is an example of a Sassanid language?
answers: text: Middle Persian
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question: What stage of Iranian languages from 400 BCE to 900 CE includes old Persian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What stage of Iranian language was in use until 400 BCE and included Parthian and Bactrian?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the change from old Iranian to new Iranian occur?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where are the old Iranian languages Parthian and Bactrian from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Indo-European groups belong to the Satem language family?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many middle Iranian languages are still spoken today?
is_impossible: yes

question: What languages were spoken by a limited number of people?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (400 BCE – 900 CE), and New Iranian (since 900 CE). Of the Old Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Old Persian (a language of Achaemenid Iran) and Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Middle Iranian languages included Middle Persian (a language of Sassanid Iran), Parthian, and Bactrian.

qas: question: How many different Iranian languages exist?
answers: text: 86
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question: In what year were there hundred and 50 to 200 Iranian languages
is_impossible: yes

question: What are some of the largest among the 200 Iranian languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were their 86 million of in 2008
is_impossible: yes

question: When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the change from Old Iranian to Middle Iranian occur?
is_impossible: yes

question: From what languages does the word Aryao come?
is_impossible: yes
context: As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi.

qas: question: Iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor?
answers: text: Proto-Iranian
is_impossible: no

question: From what languages does the word Aryao come?
answers: text: Persian and Sanskrit
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question: What is any language that descends from ancestral Persian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What word is derived from Sanskrit and Arya?
is_impossible: yes

question: Arya is derived from what ancestral language?
is_impossible: yes

question: In which document composed in 520 BC was old Persian grammatically incorrect?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the phrase Iranian language family first used?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is contrary to the state of affairs in the Nuristani languages?
is_impossible: yes
context: The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya.

qas: question: When was the phrase Iranian language family first used?
answers: text: 1836
is_impossible: no

question: Who first used the term Iranian language?
answers: text: Christian Lassen
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question: Who first used the term Irano-Aryan?
answers: text: Robert Needham Cust
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question: When was the phrase Irano-Aryan first used?
answers: text: 1878
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question: When did Robert Needham Cust introduced the term Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What term did Christian Lassen using 1878?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did George Abraham Grierson and Christian Lassen contrast?
is_impossible: yes

question: What scholars have revived the term Irano-Aryan
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the linguistic categorization of *ćw and *dźw?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the age of Middle Iranian come to a close?
is_impossible: yes

question: What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic?
is_impossible: yes
context: The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, has revived this convention.

qas: question: From where did Iranian languages originate?
answers: text: Proto-Iranian
is_impossible: no

question: What part of the world is it theorized that Indo-Iranian languages came from?
answers: text: Central Asia
is_impossible: no

question: What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian?
answers: text: Andronovo
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question: When did the Andronovo culture exist?
answers: text: 2000 BC
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question: What other language did most Iranian languages descend from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What other language besides Nuristani this proto-Iranian descent from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language does Proto-Indo Iranian descent from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What languages are believed to have originated in central India?
is_impossible: yes

question: In which document composed in 520 BC was old Persian grammatically incorrect?
is_impossible: yes

question: What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic?
is_impossible: yes

question: What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers?
is_impossible: yes
context: All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC.

qas: question: What language family did Thracian and Balto-Slavic belong to?
answers: text: Indo-European
is_impossible: no

question: What Indo-European groups belong to the Satem language family?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language family originated in the mountains of Russia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not in use at the time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What official purpose was Middle Persian being used for in the fourth century BC?
is_impossible: yes

question: What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers?
is_impossible: yes
context: It was situated precisely in the western part of Central Asia that borders present-day Russia (and present-day Kazakhstan). It was in relative proximity to the other satem ethno-linguistic groups of the Indo-European family, like Thracian, Balto-Slavic and others, and to common Indo-European's original homeland (more precisely, the steppes of southern Russia to the north of the Caucasus), according to the reconstructed linguistic relationships of common Indo-European.

qas: question: Where did early Iranian people establish societies?
answers: text: southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia
is_impossible: no

question: What language came sometime after the breakup of Proto-Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language broke up after the second millennium BCE?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the middle Iranian language begin to break off?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who first used the term Irano-Aryan?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the linguistic categorization of *ćw and *dźw?
is_impossible: yes

question: What scholars have revived the term Irano-Aryan
is_impossible: yes
context: Proto-Iranian thus dates to some time after Proto-Indo-Iranian break-up, or the early second millennium BCE, as the Old Iranian languages began to break off and evolve separately as the various Iranian tribes migrated and settled in vast areas of southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia.

qas: question: What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers?
answers: text: linguistic diversity
is_impossible: no

question: How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time?
answers: text: two
is_impossible: no

question: What characteristic of middle Iranian civilization is shown by the limited number of languages and speakers?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many middle Iranian languages are still spoken today?
is_impossible: yes

question: What languages were spoken by a limited number of people?
is_impossible: yes

question: What era began in the ninth century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not in use at the time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the centers of imperial power in Persia?
is_impossible: yes
context: The multitude of Middle Iranian languages and peoples indicate that great linguistic diversity must have existed among the ancient speakers of Iranian languages. Of that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two have survived. These are:

qas: question: In which historical record does Old Persian appear in exemplary form?
answers: text: the Behistun inscription
is_impossible: no

question: When was the Behistun inscription written?
answers: text: 520 BC
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question: During what century was the change from Old to Middle Persian well underway?
answers: text: 4th century BC
is_impossible: no

question: What dialect was spoken in northwestern Iran
is_impossible: yes

question: What official purpose was Middle Persian being used for in the fourth century BC?
is_impossible: yes

question: What inscription was composed in the 4th Century BC.
is_impossible: yes

question: In which document composed in 520 BC was old Persian grammatically incorrect?
is_impossible: yes

question: During what century was the change from old to middle Persian just beginning?
is_impossible: yes

question: What languages share a similar situation?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the Bactrian language use for writing?
is_impossible: yes

question: Arya is derived from what ancestral language?
is_impossible: yes
context: Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an "old" quality for official proclamations.

qas: question: What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language?
answers: text: Avestan
is_impossible: no

question: What is the contemporary name of the religion which Avesta was part of?
answers: text: Zoroastrianism
is_impossible: no

question: What language shows a level of maturity corresponding to Old Avestan?
answers: text: Rigvedic Sanskrit
is_impossible: no

question: What language shows the same level of development as Younger Avestan?
answers: text: Old Persian
is_impossible: no

question: What dialect is the Avesta language from?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many dialects of the Avesta language or there?
is_impossible: yes

question: What religion is vohu daena the contemporary name for?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did old Persian retained its old characteristics long after the old Iranian languages
is_impossible: yes

question: What language shows the same level of development as old Avestan
is_impossible: yes

question: What was not in use at the time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of valves are c and dz?
is_impossible: yes
context: The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes).

qas: question: What language is Carduchi thought to have become?
answers: text: Kurdish
is_impossible: no

question: What language did Herodotus invent a name for?
answers: text: Scythian
is_impossible: no

question: What language to Kurdish become?
is_impossible: yes

question: What cannot be inferred from the impact on a neighboring language?
is_impossible: yes

question: What kind of substrate is Middle Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who reported vocabulary for old Persian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What family includes party on an Old Persian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What term did Christian Lassen using 1878?
is_impossible: yes

question: By what century had the area inhabited by pre-Slavic people been absorbed by the Sarmations?
is_impossible: yes
context: In addition to Old Persian and Avestan, which are the only directly attested Old Iranian languages, all Middle Iranian languages must have had a predecessor "Old Iranian" form of that language, and thus can all be said to have had an (at least hypothetical) "Old" form. Such hypothetical Old Iranian languages include Carduchi (the hypothetical predecessor to Kurdish) and Old Parthian. Additionally, the existence of unattested languages can sometimes be inferred from the impact they had on neighbouring languages. Such transfer is known to have occurred for Old Persian, which has (what is called) a "Median" substrate in some of its vocabulary. Also, foreign references to languages can also provide a hint to the existence of otherwise unattested languages, for example through toponyms/ethnonyms or in the recording of vocabulary, as Herodotus did for what he called "Scythian".

qas: question: What are the two main divisions of Iranian tongues?
answers: text: western and eastern
is_impossible: no

question: Which language is associated with the western branch of Iranian?
answers: text: Old Persian
is_impossible: no

question: Which language is associated with the eastern branch of Iranian?
answers: text: Avestan
is_impossible: no

question: What languages are grouped into northern and southern branches?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language is associated with the Western branch of old Persian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language is associated with the Eastern branch of Avestan?
is_impossible: yes

question: What were the centers of imperial power in Persia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the last Dynasty to use Dari
is_impossible: yes

question: What language broke up after the second millennium BCE?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is any language that descends from ancestral Persian?
is_impossible: yes
context: Conventionally, Iranian languages are grouped in "western" and "eastern" branches. These terms have little meaning with respect to Old Avestan as that stage of the language may predate the settling of the Iranian peoples into western and eastern groups. The geographic terms also have little meaning when applied to Younger Avestan since it isn't known where that dialect (or dialects) was spoken either. Certain is only that Avestan (all forms) and Old Persian are distinct, and since Old Persian is "western", and Avestan was not Old Persian, Avestan acquired a default assignment to "eastern". Confusing the issue is the introduction of a western Iranian substrate in later Avestan compositions and redactions undertaken at the centers of imperial power in western Iran (either in the south-west in Persia, or in the north-west in Nisa/Parthia and Ecbatana/Media).

qas: question: What elements of Proto-Indo-Iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants?
answers: text: *ć and *dź
is_impossible: no

question: What type of letters are *ć and *dź?
answers: text: first-series palatal consonants
is_impossible: no

question: What Iranian dialects did not follow the Western and Eastern blocks?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of valves are c and dz?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language did Herodotus invent a name for?
is_impossible: yes

question: What part of the world is it theorized that Indo-Iranian languages came from?
is_impossible: yes
context: Two of the earliest dialectal divisions among Iranian indeed happen to not follow the later division into Western and Eastern blocks. These concern the fate of the Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants, *ć and *dź:

qas: question: What languages share a similar situation?
answers: text: Nuristani languages
is_impossible: no

question: What other elements of early Iranian languages problematize the east-west division?
answers: text: *ćw and *dźw
is_impossible: no

question: What is the linguistic categorization of *ćw and *dźw?
answers: text: consonant clusters
is_impossible: no

question: What is contrary to the state of affairs in the Nuristani languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What other elements of early Iranian language support the East-West division?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language does Proto-Indo Iranian descent from?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which language is associated with the eastern branch of Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many different Iranian languages exist?
is_impossible: yes
context: As a common intermediate stage, it is possible to reconstruct depalatalized affricates: *c, *dz. (This coincides with the state of affairs in the neighboring Nuristani languages.) A further complication however concerns the consonant clusters *ćw and *dźw:

qas: question: What may have also been in use at the time?
answers: text: other distinct dialect groups
is_impossible: no

question: Precursors of what subset of Scythian are theorized to have existed?
answers: text: Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian
is_impossible: no

question: What possible predecessor of Pathian is thought to have existed?
answers: text: Old Parthian
is_impossible: no

question: What was not in use at the time?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the ancestor of old Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: c parallel the development of what other two letters?
is_impossible: yes

question: Scythian was the ancestor of what other languages?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the linguistic categorization of *ćw and *dźw?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic?
is_impossible: yes

question: What dialect is the Avesta language from?
is_impossible: yes
context: It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original *dw > *b (paralleling the development of *ćw).

qas: question: When did the age of Middle Iranian come to a close?
answers: text: 9th century
is_impossible: no

question: What are the two main divisions of Middle Iranian?
answers: text: Western and Eastern
is_impossible: no

question: What era began in the ninth century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language was divided into a northern and southern division?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran?
is_impossible: yes

question: What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What religion slowed the spread of the Iranian language?
is_impossible: yes
context: What is known in Iranian linguistic history as the "Middle Iranian" era is thought to begin around the 4th century BCE lasting through the 9th century. Linguistically the Middle Iranian languages are conventionally classified into two main groups, Western and Eastern.

qas: question: Bactrian, Sogdian, and Saka are examples of what type of Iranian language?
answers: text: Eastern
is_impossible: no

question: Which language bears a resemblance to the diversity of eastern Iranian languages?
answers: text: Avestan
is_impossible: no

question: Where did the the alphabets used by eastern languages come from?
answers: text: Aramaic
is_impossible: no

question: What did the Bactrian language use for writing?
answers: text: Greek script
is_impossible: no

question: What family includes party on an Old Persian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What family includes Bactrain, Sogdian and old Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did the alphabet used by Western languages come from?
is_impossible: yes

question: What script was used for Persian rating?
is_impossible: yes

question: What other elements of early Iranian language support the East-West division?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many middle Iranian languages are still spoken today?
is_impossible: yes

question: c parallel the development of what other two letters?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Western family includes Parthian (Arsacid Pahlavi) and Middle Persian, while Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) fall under the Eastern category. The two languages of the Western group were linguistically very close to each other, but quite distinct from their eastern counterparts. On the other hand, the Eastern group was an areal entity whose languages retained some similarity to Avestan. They were inscribed in various Aramaic-derived alphabets which had ultimately evolved from the Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script, though Bactrian was written using an adapted Greek script.

qas: question: What is another term for Middle Persian?
answers: text: Pahlavi
is_impossible: no

question: When did Middle Persian start being u sed?
answers: text: 3rd century CE
is_impossible: no

question: What are three languages employed by the Manichaeans?
answers: text: Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian
is_impossible: no

question: What was the writing of Manichaean documents similar to?
answers: text: Syriac script
is_impossible: no

question: Underwood dynasty was old Persian the official language?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language was in use in Iran before the third century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are three spoken languages use by the Manchaeans?
is_impossible: yes

question: Latin and Chinese writing were similar to what texts?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did Robert Needham Cust introduced the term Iranian?
is_impossible: yes
context: Middle Persian (Pahlavi) was the official language under the Sasanian dynasty in Iran. It was in use from the 3rd century CE until the beginning of the 10th century. The script used for Middle Persian in this era underwent significant maturity. Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian were also used as literary languages by the Manichaeans, whose texts also survive in various non-Iranian languages, from Latin to Chinese. Manichaean texts were written in a script closely akin to the Syriac script.

qas: question: The proliferation of which religion had a profound effect on the development of Iranian languages?
answers: text: Islam
is_impossible: no

question: What language displaced Middle Iranian as the court's official tongue?
answers: text: Dari
is_impossible: no

question: What was the first dynasty to use Dari?
answers: text: Saffarid
is_impossible: no

question: When did the Saffarid dynasty begin using Dari?
answers: text: 875 CE
is_impossible: no

question: What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers?
answers: text: Khorasan
is_impossible: no

question: What religion slowed the spread of the Iranian language?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language do middle Iranian displace is the court's official language?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the last Dynasty to use Dari
is_impossible: yes

question: Who stopped using Dari in 875 CE?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the official dialect of the royalty itself?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many middle Iranian languages are still spoken today?
is_impossible: yes

question: What language to Kurdish become?
is_impossible: yes
context: Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes from the word darbâr (دربار), which refers to the royal court, where many of the poets, protagonists, and patrons of the literature flourished. The Saffarid dynasty in particular was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt the new language in 875 CE. Dari may have been heavily influenced by regional dialects of eastern Iran, whereas the earlier Pahlavi standard was based more on western dialects. This new prestige dialect became the basis of Standard New Persian. Medieval Iranian scholars such as Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (8th century) and Ibn al-Nadim (10th century) associated the term "Dari" with the eastern province of Khorasan, while they used the term "Pahlavi" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan, and "Pârsi" ("Persian" proper) to describe the Dialects of Fars. They also noted that the unofficial language of the royalty itself was yet another dialect, "Khuzi", associated with the western province of Khuzestan.

qas: question: What was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of Islam?
answers: text: Arabic script
is_impossible: no

question: When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off?
answers: text: second half of the 8th century
is_impossible: no

question: What script was converted to Latin in the 1920s?
answers: text: Tajik script
is_impossible: no

question: When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic?
answers: text: the 1930s
is_impossible: no

question: Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?
answers: text: the Soviet government
is_impossible: no

question: The spread of what religion introduce the Persian script?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the use of middle Persian script begin?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was Arabic script converted to Latin?
is_impossible: yes

question: What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic?
is_impossible: yes

question: During what century was the change from Old to Middle Persian well underway?
is_impossible: yes

question: Iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of valves are c and dz?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government.

qas: question: What is another term for Western Iran?
answers: text: Khuzestan
is_impossible: no

question: What are two languages that were forced out by the spread of Arabic?
answers: text: Sogdian and Bactrian
is_impossible: no

question: By what century had the area inhabited by Sarmatians been absorbed by pre-Slavic people?
answers: text: 6th century AD
is_impossible: no

question: Where can the remnants of Yaghnobi be found?
answers: text: Zarafshan valley
is_impossible: no

question: Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language?
answers: text: Saka
is_impossible: no

question: What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran?
is_impossible: yes

question: What two languages grew alongside Arabic?
is_impossible: yes

question: By what century had the area inhabited by pre-Slavic people been absorbed by the Sarmations?
is_impossible: yes

question: What small area still speaks Sogdian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the linguistic categorization of *ćw and *dźw?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was the last Dynasty to use Dari
is_impossible: yes
context: The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian.