Diarrhea

qas: question: What is diarrhea?
answers: text: the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day
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question: What is one of the effects of diarrhea?
answers: text: can result in dehydration due to fluid loss
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question: What are the warning signs of dehydration?
answers: text: loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour
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question: What are other signs of dehydration?
answers: text: decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness
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question: What condition is characterized by loose and watery stools in babies?
is_impossible: yes

question: What sign begins with a loss of skin color and a fast heart rate?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are the warning signs of diarrhea?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long does dehydration last?
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question: What are other signs of diarrhea?
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question: What disease has a negative impact on intelligence?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does WHO recommend to do?
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question: What strategy showed a decrease in the incidence of dietary deficiencies?
is_impossible: yes
context: Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are breastfed, however, may be normal.

qas: question: What is the most common cause of diarrhea?
answers: text: an infection of the intestines
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question: What can cause an infection in the intestines?
answers: text: a virus, bacteria, or parasite
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question: What are the three types of diarrhea?
answers: text: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea
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question: What is it known as if blood is present?
answers: text: dysentery
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question: What is the most common cause of cholera?
is_impossible: yes

question: What causes and infection by dysentery?
is_impossible: yes

question: Name some examples of non-infectious causes of hyperthyroidism?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are three types of inflammatory bowel disease?
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question: What is acquired from food and water contaminated by cholera?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is treatment for antibiotic resistance beneficial?
is_impossible: yes

question: What condition is characterized by loose and watery stools in babies?
is_impossible: yes

question: What disease has a negative impact on intelligence?
is_impossible: yes
context: The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera, although this is rare in the developed world. If blood is present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases, stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.

qas: question: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea?
answers: text: improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap
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question: What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby?
answers: text: Breastfeeding for at least six months
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question: What is the treatment of choice for diarrhea?
answers: text: Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar
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question: What conditions would a doctor prescribe antibiotics?
answers: text: cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites
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question: Name two examples when amounts of salts and sugar are recommended although rarely used?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can a woman do to prevent high fever for her baby?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are people who have rotovirus recommended to do?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can be used if commercial antibiotics are not available?
is_impossible: yes

question: How do you prevent infectious rotovirus?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are some examples that the lack of affordable medical care is associated with?
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question: What means there is an increase in structural damage or absorption inhibition?
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question: If research is stopped, what could happen?
is_impossible: yes
context: Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.

qas: question: HOw many cases of diarrhea are there a year?
answers: text: 1.7 to 5 billion cases
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question: How often do kids get diarrhea in developing countries?
answers: text: average three times a year
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question: Frequent episodes of diarrhea are common in what type of cases?
answers: text: malnutrition
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question: What long term issues can arise from frequent diarrhea?
answers: text: stunted growth and poor intellectual development
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question: What do frequent episodes of stunted growth cause?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many cases of malnutrition happen per year?
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question: What long term issues can happen from frequent malnutrition?
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question: How often do kids have malnutrition in developing countries?
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question: What is the estimate of total deaths from stunted growth in 2013?
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question: What control group was found to be more cost effective?
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question: WHat strategy was found out to be more cost effective?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can be used to give fluids if drinks are too rich in sugar?
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context: About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.

qas: question: What is secretory diarrhea?
answers: text: an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption
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question: What are the causes of secretory diarrhea?
answers: text: cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions
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question: Is there any structural damage associated with secretory diarrhea?
answers: text: . There is little to no structural damage.
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question: What means there is an increase in structural damage or absorption inhibition?
is_impossible: yes

question: What causes inhibition of absorption?
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question: Is there any structural damage associated with oral food intake?
is_impossible: yes

question: What happens to fluid secretion when there is oral food intake?
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question: What stimulates the secretion of chloride plasma?
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question: What is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea?
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question: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea?
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question: What were the results of Cholera vaccine trials in 1985?
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context: Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a charge balance in the lumen, sodium is carried with it, along with water. In this type of diarrhea intestinal fluid secretion is isotonic with plasma even during fasting. It continues even when there is no oral food intake.

qas: question: What occures with osmotic diarrhea?
answers: text: s when too much water is drawn into the bowels
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question: What causes osmotic diarrhea?
answers: text: If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel
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question: How do osmotic lazatives work?
answers: text: alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels
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question: What can cause osmotic diarrhea in healthy people?
answers: text: too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose
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question: What causes osmotic intolerance?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can cause excess fructose in healthy individuals?
is_impossible: yes

question: How does fructose malabsorption work?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does a person with Coeliac disease have difficulty absorbing after eating dairy products?
is_impossible: yes

question: What foods that have a high dairy content are less likely to cause diarrhea?
is_impossible: yes

question: Frequent episodes of diarrhea are common in what type of cases?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why are plain water and ORT preparations not recommended?
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question: By what percentage do educational programs reduce the chance of disease?
is_impossible: yes
context: Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), in which the nutrients are left in the lumen to pull in water. Or it can be caused by osmotic laxatives (which work to alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels). In healthy individuals, too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose can produce osmotic diarrhea and distention of the bowel. A person who has lactose intolerance can have difficulty absorbing lactose after an extraordinarily high intake of dairy products. In persons who have fructose malabsorption, excess fructose intake can also cause diarrhea. High-fructose foods that also have a high glucose content are more absorbable and less likely to cause diarrhea. Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol (often found in sugar-free foods) are difficult for the body to absorb and, in large amounts, may lead to osmotic diarrhea. In most of these cases, osmotic diarrhea stops when offending agent (e.g. milk, sorbitol) is stopped.

qas: question: When does inflammatory diarrhea occur?
answers: text: when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border
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question: What happens with inflammatory diarrhea?
answers: text: a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids
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question: What can cause inflammatory diarrhea?
answers: text: bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems
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question: What other causes are there for inflammatory diarrhea?
answers: text: tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis.
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question: What causes inflammatory tuberculosis?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does enteritis lead to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What other causes are there for parasitic infections?
is_impossible: yes

question: Name other causes of viral infections?
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question: What is damaged when color cancer occurs?
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question: What means there is an increase in structural damage or absorption inhibition?
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question: What can be used to give fluids if drinks are too rich in sugar?
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question: What can be used to give fluids if drinks are too rich in sugar?
is_impossible: yes
context: Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea[clarification needed] can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems such as inflammatory bowel diseases. It can also be caused by tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis.[citation needed]

qas: question: Diarrheal disease has what effects on a person?
answers: text: a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development
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question: What can early childhood malnutrition cause?
answers: text: reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults
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question: What is the cause of childhood malnutrition?
answers: text: diarrhea
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question: Children who have experienced sever diarrhea are more likely to have what effect?
answers: text: significantly lower scores on a series of tests of intelligence
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question: What causes children to have low scores on physical fitness tests?
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question: What reduces mental development and productivity in adults?
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question: What does evidence show that helminth disease impacts?
is_impossible: yes

question: What disease has a negative impact on intelligence?
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question: What are children who acquire helmenth infection are more likely to have?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year was the Rotovirus vaccine used?
is_impossible: yes

question: What treatment do people in oral rehydration therapy need?
is_impossible: yes

question: What control group was found to be more cost effective?
is_impossible: yes
context: Diarrheal disease may have a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development. "Early childhood malnutrition resulting from any cause reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults," and diarrhea is a primary cause of childhood malnutrition. Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has significant impacts on mental development and health; it has been shown that, even when controlling for helminth infection and early breastfeeding, children who had experienced severe diarrhea had significantly lower scores on a series of tests of intelligence.

qas: question: What is IBS?
answers: text: irritable bowel syndrome
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question: What symptoms do you have with IBS?
answers: text: abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months
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question: How can symptoms be managed with IBS?
answers: text: a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications
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question: What is another possible cause of unusual stool?
is_impossible: yes

question: How can symptoms of bile acid malabsorption be managed?
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question: What is SeHCAT syndrome?
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question: How many patients with SeHCAT have bile acid malabsorption?
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question: What is the diagnosis for patients with unusual stool?
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question: What are antibiotics doing that makes treatment not work well?
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question: What organization recommended that a lactose-free diet should always be continued?
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question: How often do kids have malnutrition in developing countries?
is_impossible: yes
context: Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months. Symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS can be managed through a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications such as loperamide or codeine. About 30% of patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS have bile acid malabsorption diagnosed with an abnormal SeHCAT test.

qas: question: What is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea?
answers: text: Poverty
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question: Why does living in poverty raise your risk of diarrhea?
answers: text: from the conditions under which impoverished people live
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question: What causes this to be exacerbated?
answers: text: the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care.
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question: What indicates the rate of medical care?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why does poverty raise your risk of nutrient losses?
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question: What prevents poor people from defending against human pathogens?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are some examples that the lack of affordable medical care is associated with?
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question: What restricts the ability to provide sanitation?
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question: What treatment do people in oral rehydration therapy need?
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question: What is the cause of childhood malnutrition?
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question: What resource-poor country is developing antibiotic resistance?
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context: Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. "Poverty is associated with poor housing, crowding, dirt floors, lack of access to clean water or to sanitary disposal of fecal waste (sanitation), cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and a lack of refrigerated storage for food, all of which increase the frequency of diarrhea... Poverty also restricts the ability to provide age-appropriate, nutritionally balanced diets or to modify diets when diarrhea develops so as to mitigate and repair nutrient losses. The impact is exacerbated by the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care."

qas: question: Why is proper nutrition important?
answers: text: for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea
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question: What effects does lower levels of zinc have in children?
answers: text: greater number of instances of diarrhea, severe diarrhea, and diarrhea associated with fever
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question: What can having a vitamin A deficiency cause?
answers: text: cause an increase in the severity of diarrheal episodes
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question: What is the rate of  vitamin A deficiency in children worldwide?
answers: text: 127 million
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question: Why is a fully developed immune system important?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is infectious diarrhea found in mild cases?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do children with lower levels of disease contraction have?
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question: How many preschool children worldwide are zinc deficient?
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question: What do others suggest regarding the increase in nutrition causes?
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question: What can cause excess fructose in healthy individuals?
is_impossible: yes

question: What has cut the rate of diarrhea disease incidents? 
is_impossible: yes

question: How can symptoms of bile acid malabsorption be managed?
is_impossible: yes
context: Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea. It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system. Zinc deficiency, a condition often found in children in developing countries can, even in mild cases, have a significant impact on the development and proper functioning of the human immune system. Indeed, this relationship between zinc deficiency reduced immune functioning corresponds with an increased severity of infectious diarrhea. Children who have lowered levels of zinc have a greater number of instances of diarrhea, severe diarrhea, and diarrhea associated with fever. Similarly, vitamin A deficiency can cause an increase in the severity of diarrheal episodes, however there is some discrepancy when it comes to the impact of vitamin A deficiency on the rate of disease. While some argue that a relationship does not exist between the rate of disease and vitamin A status, others suggest an increase in the rate associated with deficiency. Given that estimates suggest 127 million preschool children worldwide are vitamin A deficient, this population has the potential for increased risk of disease contraction.

qas: question: What did Nesse and Williams learn?
answers: text: diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism
is_impossible: no

question: If diarrhea is stopped, would could happen?
answers: text: there might be a delay in recovery.
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question: What happened with people with Shigella were treated with anti-diarrheal medication?
answers: text: caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated.
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question: What is the function of Shigella?
is_impossible: yes

question: If research is stopped, what could happen?
is_impossible: yes

question: What happened to people with Lomotil when treated with anti diarrheal medication?
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question: What is contraindicated in support of the argument?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did the researchers discover about shigellosis?
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question: What type of diet does the BRAT recommend?
is_impossible: yes

question: Name some examples of non-infectious causes of hyperthyroidism?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does enteritis lead to?
is_impossible: yes
context: According to two researchers, Nesse and Williams, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism. As a result, if it is stopped, there might be a delay in recovery. They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotrope, Lomotil) caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated. The researchers indeed themselves observed that: "Lomotil may be contraindicated in shigellosis. Diarrhea may represent a defense mechanism".

qas: question: What has had major effects on the transmission of diarrheal diseases?
answers: text: Basic sanitation techniques
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question: How much does hand washing reduce the chances of disease?
answers: text: approximately 42–48%
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question: Why do developing countries not wash their hands as much as other countries?
answers: text: access to soap and water is limited
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question: What is a solution to help this problem?
answers: text: implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours
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question: What has a profound effect in developed countries?
is_impossible: yes

question: By what percentage do educational programs reduce the chance of disease?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a solution to poverty?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is education integral to prevent disease?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a challenge to reduce disease in less developed countries?
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question: What reduces mental development and productivity in adults?
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question: What is a cause of child mortality?
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question: What treatment do people in oral rehydration therapy need?
is_impossible: yes
context: Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised by poverty as acknowledged by the CDC: "Handwashing is integral to disease prevention in all parts of the world; however, access to soap and water is limited in a number of less developed countries. This lack of access is one of many challenges to proper hygiene in less developed countries." Solutions to this barrier require the implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours.

qas: question: What is a major means of the spread of diarrhea disease?
answers: text: water contamination
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question: What has cut the rate of diarrhea disease incidents? 
answers: text: clean water supply and improved sanitation
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question: What would be the reduction in deisease incedence if there was better water and sanitation?
answers: text: 22–27% reduction in disease incidence
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question: What is major way disease instance is spread?
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question: By what percentage will diarrheal disease be reduced as a result of improved water and hygene?
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question: What has cut the rate of mortality?
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question: What is the reduction in mortality rate associated with disease instance?
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question: What is a cause of child mortality?
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question: What is the most common cause of cholera?
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question: What control group was found to be more cost effective?
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question: What is IBS?
is_impossible: yes
context: Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from diarrheal disease as a result of improved water sanitation and hygiene. Similarly, a meta-analysis of numerous studies on improving water supply and sanitation shows a 22–27% reduction in disease incidence, and a 21–30% reduction in mortality rate associated with diarrheal disease.

qas: question: What is the downfall of using immunization against the pathogens that cause disease?
answers: text: it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination
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question: What is responsible for 6% of dearrheal disease?
answers: text: Rotavirus
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question: What percent is the rotavirus responsible for in diarrheal disease deaths?
answers: text: 20%
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question: What was the effect of the Rotavirus vaccine?
answers: text: (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence
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question: What year was the Rotovirus vaccine used?
answers: text: 1985
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question: What is responsible for 6% of Cholera disease?
is_impossible: yes

question: What requires targeting disease for vaccination?
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question: What were the results of Cholera vaccine trials in 1985?
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question: What year was the Cholera vaccine used?
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question: What may be the result of developing effective ways to target new pathogens?
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question: What is a solution to poverty?
is_impossible: yes

question: What do others suggest regarding the increase in nutrition causes?
is_impossible: yes

question: What has cut the rate of diarrhea disease incidents? 
is_impossible: yes
context: Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing countries, use of a Rotavirus vaccine in trials in 1985 yielded a slight (2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence, while reducing overall mortality by 6-10%. Similarly, a Cholera vaccine showed a strong reduction in morbidity and mortality, though the overall impact of vaccination was minimal as Cholera is not one of the major causative pathogens of diarrheal disease. Since this time, more effective vaccines have been developed that have the potential to save many thousands of lives in developing nations, while reducing the overall cost of treatment, and the costs to society.

qas: question: What can be done to combate dietary deficiences?
answers: text: promoting better eating practices
is_impossible: no

question: What has been used and shown successful in a decrease in incidence of diarrheal disease?
answers: text: Zinc
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question: WHat strategy was found out to be more cost effective?
answers: text: zinc supplementation
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question: How can zinc deficiencies be combated?
is_impossible: yes

question: What strategy showed a decrease in the incidence of dietary deficiencies?
is_impossible: yes

question: What dietary deficiency was found to be less effective in reducing diarrhea incidence?
is_impossible: yes

question: What actions help combat diarrhea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What control group was found to be more cost effective?
is_impossible: yes

question: What causes osmotic intolerance?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is treatment for antibiotic resistance beneficial?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the cause of childhood malnutrition?
is_impossible: yes
context: Dietary deficiencies in developing countries can be combated by promoting better eating practices. Supplementation with vitamin A and/or zinc. Zinc supplementation proved successful showing a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrheal disease compared to a control group. The majority of the literature suggests that vitamin A supplementation is advantageous in reducing disease incidence. Development of a supplementation strategy should take into consideration the fact that vitamin A supplementation was less effective in reducing diarrhea incidence when compared to vitamin A and zinc supplementation, and that the latter strategy was estimated to be significantly more cost effective.

qas: question: What is the basic treatment many cases of diarrhea need?
answers: text: replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed
is_impossible: no

question: How is this treatment given?
answers: text: This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously
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question: What type of diet is no longer recommended?
answers: text: BRAT diet
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question: What does WHO recommend to do?
answers: text: children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain
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question: What treatment do people in oral rehydration therapy need?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of diet does the BRAT recommend?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of oral rehydration therapy is not recommended?
is_impossible: yes

question: What has no effect on the duration of cholera?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does continuing to replace lost fluid and salts intravenously speed up?
is_impossible: yes

question: How often do kids have malnutrition in developing countries?
is_impossible: yes

question: What reduces mental development and productivity in adults?
is_impossible: yes

question: What foods that have a high dairy content are less likely to cause diarrhea?
is_impossible: yes
context: In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously. Diet restrictions such as the BRAT diet are no longer recommended. Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has no effect on duration of diarrhea. To the contrary, WHO recommends that children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain, and that continuing to eat also speeds up recovery of normal intestinal functioning. CDC recommends that children and adults with cholera also continue to eat.

qas: question: What can be used to prevent dehydration?
answers: text: Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
is_impossible: no

question: What are some good standard home solutions?
answers: text: salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt
is_impossible: no

question: What is a commercial solution that can also be used?
answers: text: Pedialyte
is_impossible: no

question: What is the WHO's recipe for ORS?
answers: text: one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added
is_impossible: no

question: What can make reyhdration worse?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can WHO be used for in children? 
is_impossible: yes

question: Can you name some plain water solutions?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who widely distributes Pedialyte?
is_impossible: yes

question: How much chicken soup does the Rehydration Project recommend adding?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can a woman do to prevent high fever for her baby?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a major means of the spread of diarrhea disease?
is_impossible: yes

question: When does inflammatory diarrhea occur?
is_impossible: yes
context: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green coconut water, weak tea (unsweetened), and unsweetened fresh fruit juices can have from half a teaspoon to full teaspoon of salt (from one-and-a-half to three grams) added per liter. Clean plain water can also be one of several fluids given. There are commercial solutions such as Pedialyte, and relief agencies such as UNICEF widely distribute packets of salts and sugar. A WHO publication for physicians recommends a homemade ORS consisting of one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added (approximately the "taste of tears"). Rehydration Project recommends adding the same amount of sugar but only one-half a teaspoon of salt, stating that this more dilute approach is less risky with very little loss of effectiveness. Both agree that drinks with too much sugar or salt can make dehydration worse.

qas: question: What are not recommended for younger kids because it can casue more dehydration?
answers: text: Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices
is_impossible: no

question: Why are sodas and high sugar fruit juices not recommended?
answers: text: A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water
is_impossible: no

question: What can be used to give fluids when they can not drink?
answers: text: A nasogastric tube
is_impossible: no

question: What can be used to give fluids if drinks are too rich in sugar?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who is plain water not recommended for?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why are plain water and ORT preparations not recommended?
is_impossible: yes

question: What can be given with the goal of providing specific ORT preparations?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does plain water do in the gut?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is education integral to prevent disease?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the cause of childhood malnutrition?
is_impossible: yes

question: What type of diet is no longer recommended?
is_impossible: yes
context: Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under 5 years of age as they may increase dehydration. A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water. Plain water may be used if more specific and effective ORT preparations are unavailable or are not palatable. Additionally, a mix of both plain water and drinks perhaps too rich in sugar and salt can alternatively be given to the same person, with the goal of providing a medium amount of sodium overall. A nasogastric tube can be used in young children to administer fluids if warranted.

qas: question: What does WHO recommend?
answers: text: a child with diarrhea continue to be fed
is_impossible: no

question: What does continuing to eat do for your illness?
answers: text: Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function
is_impossible: no

question: What happens when a childs food is restricted?
answers: text: children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly
is_impossible: no

question: What happens if a child's breastfeeding is restricted?
is_impossible: yes

question: What does the CDC state about a child's diet when they have diarrhea?
is_impossible: yes

question: What speeds up recovery of food withholding?
is_impossible: yes

question: What organization recommended that a lactose-free diet should always be continued?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who made the same recommendation regarding intestinal function?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many preschool children worldwide are zinc deficient?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is treatment for antibiotic resistance beneficial?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the rate of  vitamin A deficiency in children worldwide?
is_impossible: yes
context: WHO recommends a child with diarrhea continue to be fed. Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function. In contrast, children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly. A child should also continue to be breastfed. The WHO states "Food should never be withheld and the child's usual foods should not be diluted. Breastfeeding should always be continued." And in the specific example of cholera, CDC also makes the same recommendation. In young children who are not breast-fed and live in the developed world, a lactose-free diet may be useful to speed recovery.

qas: question: Are antibiotics used in diarrhea instances?
answers: text: they are usually not used except in specific situations
is_impossible: no

question: What are the concerns with anitbiotics?
answers: text: may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7
is_impossible: no

question: What are bacteria doing that makes them not work as well?
answers: text: some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance
is_impossible: no

question: What are antibiotics doing that makes treatment not work well?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are concerns with Escherichia coli O157:H7?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is treatment for antibiotic resistance beneficial?
is_impossible: yes

question: Are antibiotics used in certain types of antibiotic resistance?
is_impossible: yes

question: What resource-poor country is developing antibiotic resistance?
is_impossible: yes

question: How can symptoms of bile acid malabsorption be managed?
is_impossible: yes

question: What reduces mental development and productivity in adults?
is_impossible: yes

question: How is this treatment given?
is_impossible: yes
context: While antibiotics are beneficial in certain types of acute diarrhea, they are usually not used except in specific situations. There are concerns that antibiotics may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics may be beneficial. However, some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance, particularly Shigella. Antibiotics can also cause diarrhea, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea is the most common adverse effect of treatment with general antibiotics.