Armenians

qas: question: Where do Armenians mostly live besides Armenia?
answers: text: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
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question: How many Armenians live outside Armenia and the republic within it?
answers: text: around 5 million
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question: Where do most emigrant Armenians live?
answers: text: Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria
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question: Why did many Armenians leave Armenia?
answers: text: the Armenian Genocide
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question: Where to Russians live besides Armenia?
is_impossible: yes

question: How many people of Ukranian ancestry live in Russia?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did many Armenians leave Iran?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where have people from the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic immigrated to?
is_impossible: yes

question: Of what ancestry are people who have emigrated outside of the US?
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question: What did the Council of Chalcedon depend on the church to do?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the first time the word for weaving was used?
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context: Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon, and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian Genocide.

qas: question: How long ago has the term 'Armenia' been used?
answers: text: around the 6th century BC
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question: What is the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?
answers: text: 476 BC
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question: Who wrote the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?
answers: text: Hecataeus of Miletus
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question: Who described Armenian life in 401 BC?
answers: text: Xenophon
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question: What did Xenophon say Armenian language sounded like?
answers: text: Persians
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question: How long has the term Xenophon been used?
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question: Who was first to use the term Xenophon?
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question: What did Hecateus of Miletus refer to in his trillingual Behistun Inscription in 517 BC?
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question: When does Darius I of Persia talk about Armenian village life and hospitality?
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question: What did Hecateus of Miletus believe the people's language sounded like?
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question: What does Hayastantsis mean?
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question: Under who's rule did the Mittani reach the Caucasus Mountains?
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question: What type of music is Richard Hagopian famous for?
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context: Historically, the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people. It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia. The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC, Darius I the Great of Persia refers to Urashtu (in Babylonian) as Armina (in Old Persian; Armina (    ) and Harminuya (in Elamite). In Greek, Αρμένιοι "Armenians" is attested from about the same time, perhaps the earliest reference being a fragment attributed to Hecataeus of Miletus (476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians.

qas: question: What mountain does Armenia surround?
answers: text: Mount Ararat
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question: What era was the Hittite Empire in?
answers: text: the Bronze Age
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question: When did the Hayasa-Azzi rule?
answers: text: 1600–1200 BC
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question: When did the Arme-Shupria rule?
answers: text: 1300s–1190 BC
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question: When did the Nairi rule?
answers: text: 1400–1000 BC
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question: What did the Hittite Empire reach under Ashurbanipal?
is_impossible: yes

question: What area is in the highlands surrounding the Kingdom of Urartu?
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question: What mountain is Hayasa-Azzi located near?
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question: What did the Hittite Empire from 860-590 BC gain soverignty over?
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question: Under who's rule did the Mittani reach the Caucasus Mountains?
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question: How do the two Catholicosates compare?
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question: Where did Echmiadzin move to because it was safer?
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question: In what year did Caucasus develop his Indo-Eurpoean family tree?
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context: The Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon after Hayasa-Azzi were Arme-Shupria (1300s–1190 BC), the Nairi (1400–1000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (860–590 BC), who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. Under Ashurbanipal (669–627 BC), the Assyrian empire reached the Caucasus Mountains (modern Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan).

qas: question: What languages does Hamp say are similar to Armenian?
answers: text: Greek and Ancient Macedonian
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question: What subgroup does Hamp put the Armenian language in?
answers: text: Pontic Indo-European
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question: Where does Hamp say the Pontic Indo-European languages originate?
answers: text: the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands
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question: What languages does Caucasus think are similar to Batumi?
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question: Into what language subgroup is Batumi categorized?
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question: Where do Batumi languages originate?
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question: Where is it thought the Batumi migrated?
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question: In what year did Caucasus develop his Indo-Eurpoean family tree?
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question: What instruments are used in Armenian folk music?
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question: When did Armenian writing begin?
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question: What is paklava?
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context: Eric P. Hamp in his 2012 Indo-European family tree, groups the Armenian language along with Greek and Ancient Macedonian ("Helleno-Macedonian") in the Pontic Indo-European (also called Helleno-Armenian) subgroup. In Hamp's view the homeland of this subgroup is the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands. He assumes that they migrated from there southeast through the Caucasus with the Armenians remaining after Batumi while the pre-Greeks proceeded westwards along the southern coast of the Black Sea.

qas: question: When was Armenia established?
answers: text: in the late 6th century BC
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question: What famous inscription mentioned Armenia?
answers: text: the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription
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question: During which dynasty was Armenia established?
answers: text: Orontid dynasty
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question: When was Armenia at its largest?
answers: text: 95–65 BC
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question: In what year was Caucasus established?
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question: Within what empire was Caucasus created?
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question: Under what dynasty was Caucasus established?
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question: What happened during the reign of Hecataeus of Miletus?
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question: What inscription mentioned Caucasus?
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question: Which Armenian football team was the most successful?
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question: When did Russia become independent from the USSR?
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question: What had become widely used in early churches?
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context: The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became a kingdom. At its zenith (95–65 BC), the state extended from the Caucasus all the way to what is now central Turkey, Lebanon, and northern Iran. The imperial reign of Tigranes the Great is thus the span of time during which Armenia itself conquered areas populated by other peoples.

qas: question: What was the first country to make Christianity its official religion?
answers: text: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia
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question: What religion was Armenian paganism influenced by?
answers: text: Zoroastrianism
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question: When did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?
answers: text: AD 301
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question: Why did Armenia make Christianity its official religion?
answers: text: in defiance of the Sassanids
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question: Who invented the Armenian alphabet?
answers: text: Mesrop Mashtots
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question: What did the Arsacid Kingdom invent in 405 AD?
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question: What was a branch of Mesrop Mashtots?
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question: What was the first country to officially acopt Sassanids as its religion?
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question: What religion formerly existed in the Greco-Roman empire in 405 AD?
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question: When did the Greco-Roman empire officially adopt Christianity as its religion?
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question: What did the Hittite Empire from 860-590 BC gain soverignty over?
is_impossible: yes

question: What year did the Safavid-Qajar war end?
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question: What did Sayat Nova create besides the Armenian alphabet?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon with Greco-Roman deities). in the early years of the 4th century, likely AD 301, partly in defiance of the Sassanids it seems. In the late Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian-adhering land, but by the Christianisation, previously predominant Zoroastrianism and paganism in Armenia gradually declined. Later on, in order to further strengthen Armenian national identity, Mesrop Mashtots invented the Armenian alphabet, in 405 AD. This event ushered the Golden Age of Armenia, during which many foreign books and manuscripts were translated to Armenian by Mesrop's pupils. Armenia lost its sovereignty again in 428 AD to the rivalling Byzantine and Sassanid Persian empires, until the Muslim conquest of Persia overran also the regions in which Armenians lived.

qas: question: When did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom?
answers: text: 885 AD
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question: Under which ruler did Armenia become a sovereign kingdom?
answers: text: Ashot I
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question: What dynasty was Ashot I part of?
answers: text: the Bagratid Dynasty
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question: Who invaded Armenia in 1064?
answers: text: Seljuk Turks
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question: What Turkic federations ruled Armenia?
answers: text: the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu
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question: What did the Seljuk Turks invade in 885 AD?
is_impossible: yes

question: What group fled the invasion of the Mamluk in 885 AD?
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question: What are some groups that ruled over the Mamluk over the centuries?
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question: What ties did Djengis Khan develop with Crusader States?
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question: What group eventually succumbed to Anatolian invasions?
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question: What instruments is Aram Khatchaturian famous for playing?
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question: How long have Russians lived in the Armenian Highland?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the Russo-Persian War begin?
is_impossible: yes
context: In 885 AD the Armenians reestablished themselves as a sovereign kingdom under the leadership of Ashot I of the Bagratid Dynasty. A considerable portion of the Armenian nobility and peasantry fled the Byzantine occupation of Bagratid Armenia in 1045, and the subsequent invasion of the region by Seljuk Turks in 1064. They settled in large numbers in Cilicia, an Anatolian region where Armenians were already established as a minority since Roman times. In 1080, they founded an independent Armenian Principality then Kingdom of Cilicia, which became the focus of Armenian nationalism. The Armenians developed close social, cultural, military, and religious ties with nearby Crusader States, but eventually succumbed to Mamluk invasions. In the next few centuries, Djenghis Khan, Timurids, and the tribal Turkic federations of the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu ruled over the Armenians.

qas: question: When did the Russo-Persian War begin?
answers: text: 1826
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question: When did the Russo-Persian War end?
answers: text: 1828
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question: What treaty ended the Russo-Persian War?
answers: text: Treaty of Turkmenchay
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question: When did parts of Armenia under Iranian control become part of Russia?
answers: text: In the late 1820s
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question: When was the Peace of Amasya?
answers: text: mid 16th century
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question: What came under Russian rule in the early 16th century?
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question: Why did Western and Eastern Armenia come under Russian rule in the early 16th century?
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question: In what year did the Safavid-Qajar war begin?
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question: What year did the Safavid-Qajar war end?
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question: What war did Russia lose in the late 1820's?
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question: What dance style was popular after people of Turkey emigrated to the US?
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question: What dance style was popular after people of Turkey emigrated to the US?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what year did Caucasus develop his Indo-Eurpoean family tree?
is_impossible: yes
context: From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. In the late 1820s, the parts of historic Armenia under Iranian control centering on Yerevan and Lake Sevan (all of Eastern Armenia) were incorporated into the Russian Empire following Iran's forced ceding of the territories after its loss in the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) and the outcoming Treaty of Turkmenchay. Western Armenia however, remained in Ottoman hands.

qas: question: Who says they didn't kill Armenians as genocide, just because they were 'in the way of the war'?
answers: text: Governments of Republic of Turkey
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question: What has happened when other countries condemned Armenian genocide?
answers: text: diplomatic conflict
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question: Who ruled Turkey when the Armenian genocide happened?
answers: text: the Ottoman Empire
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question: What has the government of Armenia consistently rejected?
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question: What do foreign countries argue that justifies the killings of the people of Turkey?
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question: What does talking about the Ottoman Empire provoke?
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question: How do foreign countries categorize citizens of Turkey who died?
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question: What does Turkey want to pass to condemn the Ottoman genocide?
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question: What group eventually succumbed to Anatolian invasions?
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question: What is the population of Iran today?
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question: What job do many Armenian women traditionally do?
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context: Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire. Passage of legislation in various foreign countries condemning the persecution of the Armenians as genocide has often provoked diplomatic conflict. (See Recognition of the Armenian Genocide)

qas: question: What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920?
answers: text: independent republic
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question: When did communists take over Armenia?
answers: text: late 1920
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question: Who invaded Armenia in 1920?
answers: text: the Red Army
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question: What part of the USSR did Armenia join?
answers: text: the Transcaucasian SFSR
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question: When did Armenia leave the USSR?
answers: text: 1991
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question: When was the Red Army part of an independent republic after the Russian Empire breakup?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who invaded Russia in 1920?
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question: When did Russia become independent from the USSR?
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question: When did the Russian Empire come to power and invade the Transcaucasian SFSR?
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question: What part of the Red Army did the communists join in 1991?
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question: Where is the earliest known use of 'gorg'?
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question: What US heavy metal band is comprised of Armenians?
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question: When were Armenian churches built with center cupola cones?
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context: Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia.

qas: question: How long have Armenians lived in the highlands?
answers: text: over four thousand years
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question: Who founded the first Armenian nation?
answers: text: Hayk
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question: Who did Hayk defeat?
answers: text: Bel of Babylon
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question: How many native Armenians are in Armenia today?
answers: text: 3.5 million
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question: What does Hayastantsis mean?
answers: text: those that are from Armenia
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question: How long have Russians lived in the Armenian Highland?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who founded the first Iranian nation?
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question: Who did Hayk lead the Russians to victory over?
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question: What is the population of Iran today?
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question: What does the name Hayk mean?
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question: What medals did Yerevan's FC Ararat win in the 1952 olympics?
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question: What treaty ended the Russo-Persian War?
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question: During which dynasty was Armenia established?
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context: Armenians have had a presence in the Armenian Highland for over four thousand years, since the time when Hayk, the legendary patriarch and founder of the first Armenian nation, led them to victory over Bel of Babylon. Today, with a population of 3.5 million, they not only constitute an overwhelming majority in Armenia, but also in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenians in the diaspora informally refer to them as Hayastantsis (Հայաստանցի), meaning those that are from Armenia (that is, those born and raised in Armenia). They, as well as the Armenians of Iran and Russia speak the Eastern dialect of the Armenian language. The country itself is secular as a result of Soviet domination, but most of its citizens identify themselves as Apostolic Armenian Christian.

qas: question: What is the Armenian Quarter?
answers: text: one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem
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question: How many people live in the Armenian monastery in or near Italy?
answers: text: 35
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question: When was the Italian Armenian monastery founded?
answers: text: 1717
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question: What religion is the Italian Armenian monastery?
answers: text: Catholic
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question: Where is the Italian Armenian monastery?
answers: text: on an island near Venice
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question: How long have Catholic communities existed outside Austria?
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question: What is the Italian Quarter?
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question: When was Venice, Italy founded?
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question: Where is the Hungarian monastery?
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question: How many people live in the Austrian monastery near Jerusalem?
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question: Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?
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question: When did the Russo-Persian War begin?
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question: What two motifs were usually found in Kaptavian inscriptions?
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context: Small Armenian trading and religious communities have existed outside of Armenia for centuries. For example, a community has existed for over a millennium in the Holy Land, and one of the four quarters of the walled Old City of Jerusalem has been called the Armenian Quarter. An Armenian Catholic monastic community of 35 founded in 1717 exists on an island near Venice, Italy. There are also remnants of formerly populous communities in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt.[citation needed]

qas: question: What are Parskahay?
answers: text: Armenians who originate from Iran
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question: What are Lipananahay?
answers: text: Armenians from Lebanon
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question: What dialect do most Diaspora Armenians speak?
answers: text: Western
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question: How similar is Western Armenian to Eastern Armenian dialect?
answers: text: considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other
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question: What type of Armenian is spoken by Armenians in Iran and Russia?
answers: text: Eastern
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question: What can speakers of the variations of Parskahay do?
is_impossible: yes

question: In what province do Canadians have a majority?
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question: What do groups of Russians do when they live in the US?
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question: How are Russians from Iran classified?
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question: How are Russians from Lebanon referred to?
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question: What are artsvagorgs?
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question: How do the two Catholicosates compare?
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question: What are some groups that ruled over the Mamluk over the centuries?
is_impossible: yes
context: Within the diasporan Armenian community, there is an unofficial classification of the different kinds of Armenians. For example, Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parskahay (Պարսկահայ), while Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipananahay (Լիբանանահայ). Armenians of the Diaspora are the primary speakers of the Western dialect of the Armenian language. This dialect has considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other. Eastern Armenian in the diaspora is primarily spoken in Iran and European countries such as Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia (where they form a majority in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province). In diverse communities (such as in Canada and the U.S.) where many different kinds of Armenians live together, there is a tendency for the different groups to cluster together.

qas: question: When did Armenia's church become independent?
answers: text: 451 AD
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question: What is Armenia's church called?
answers: text: Armenian Apostolic Church
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question: What type of Catholicism is Armenia's church part of?
answers: text: Oriental Orthodox
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question: Where was the Armenian Catholicosate located at first?
answers: text: Echmiadzin
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question: Where did the Armenian Catholicosate move to?
answers: text: Cilicia
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question: When did the Echmiadzin church gain independence?
is_impossible: yes

question: Why did the Echmiadzin church become independent?
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question: What church is part of the Eastern Orthodox communion?
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question: What did the Council of Chalcedon depend on the church to do?
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question: Where did Echmiadzin move to because it was safer?
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question: What is the population of Iran today?
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question: In what province do Canadians have a majority?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long have Russians lived in the Armenian Highland?
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context: Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches, having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon. Today this church is known as the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity. The original location of the Armenian Catholicosate is Echmiadzin. However, the continuous upheavals, which characterized the political scenes of Armenia, made the political power move to safer places. The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority. Therefore, it eventually moved to Cilicia as the Holy See of Cilicia.

qas: question: What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia?
answers: text: Muslim
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question: What are Hamshenis?
answers: text: ethnic Armenian Muslims
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question: Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441?
answers: text: Kirakos Virapetsi
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question: Who remained Catholicos of Cilicia?
answers: text: Krikor Moussapegiants
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question: How do the two Catholicosates compare?
answers: text: equal rights and privileges
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question: What did the Armenian Muslims have close ties to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What other religion has been surrounded by a Christian majority?
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question: How do Muslims in Armenia view Hamshenis?
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question: How long have Christians been involved in Eurpean Crusader States?
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question: Since the existence of Eurppean Crusaider States, what has there been in the Hamshenis Church?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did the Arme-Shupria rule?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Hecateus of Miletus refer to in his trillingual Behistun Inscription in 517 BC?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did Echmiadzin move to because it was safer?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had close ties to European Crusader States. Later on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia.

qas: question: Which Armenian church recognizes the Pope?
answers: text: Armenian Catholic Church
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question: What broke away from the Armenian Apostolic Church?
answers: text: Armenian Evangelical Church
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question: What broke away from the Armenian Evangelical Church?
answers: text: Armenian Brotherhood Church
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question: Which Armenian church is the most popular in Armenia?
answers: text: Armenian Apostolic Church
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question: Who does the Armenian Evangelical Church recognize?
is_impossible: yes

question: How was the Armenian Catholic Church formed?
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question: What does the Armenian Evangelical Church follow?
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question: What is the most popular Protestant church to Christians?
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question: What church did the Armenian Apostolic Church break away from?
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question: When did Russia become independent from the USSR?
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question: What was a branch of Mesrop Mashtots?
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question: What group eventually succumbed to Anatolian invasions?
is_impossible: yes
context: While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the Roman Catholic Pope), the Armenian Evangelical Church, which started as a reformation in the Mother church but later broke away, and the Armenian Brotherhood Church, which was born in the Armenian Evangelical Church, but later broke apart from it. There are other numerous Armenian churches belonging to Protestant denominations of all kinds.

qas: question: Who came up with the Armenian alphabet?
answers: text: Mesrop Mashtots
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question: When did Armenian writing begin?
answers: text: 400 AD
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question: Who was the 'father of Armenian history'?
answers: text: Moses of Chorene
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question: Who wrote 'The History of Armenia'?
answers: text: Moses of Chorene
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question: Which European movement were the Revivalist authors similar to?
answers: text: Romanticists
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question: When did Gevork Emin invent the Armenian alphabet?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did European writing begin?
is_impossible: yes

question: What other name was given to Paruyr Sevak?
is_impossible: yes

question: What work was written by Silva Kaputikyan?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Zartonki Sherchan interested in openly discussing?
is_impossible: yes

question: What dance style was popular after people of Turkey emigrated to the US?
is_impossible: yes

question: Which Armenian church is the most popular in Armenia?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did Echmiadzin move to because it was safer?
is_impossible: yes
context: Armenian literature dates back to 400 AD, when Mesrop Mashtots first invented the Armenian alphabet. This period of time is often viewed as the Golden Age of Armenian literature. Early Armenian literature was written by the "father of Armenian history", Moses of Chorene, who authored The History of Armenia. The book covers the time-frame from the formation of the Armenian people to the fifth century AD. The nineteenth century beheld a great literary movement that was to give rise to modern Armenian literature. This period of time, during which Armenian culture flourished, is known as the Revival period (Zartonki sherchan). The Revivalist authors of Constantinople and Tiflis, almost identical to the Romanticists of Europe, were interested in encouraging Armenian nationalism. Most of them adopted the newly created Eastern or Western variants of the Armenian language depending on the targeted audience, and preferred them over classical Armenian (grabar). This period ended after the Hamidian massacres, when Armenians experienced turbulent times. As Armenian history of the 1920s and of the Genocide came to be more openly discussed, writers like Paruyr Sevak, Gevork Emin, Silva Kaputikyan and Hovhannes Shiraz began a new era of literature.

qas: question: When were early Armenian Christian churches built?
answers: text: between the 4th and 7th century
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question: In which century did Armenia become Christian?
answers: text: 4th
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question: What radiating style are some Armenian churches built with?
answers: text: Hrip'simé
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question: When were Armenian churches built with center cupola cones?
answers: text: fifth century
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question: When were Armenian churches built with niched buttresses?
answers: text: seventh century
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question: When were the first Arab structures built?
is_impossible: yes

question: What style of architecture so some Arab structures use?
is_impossible: yes

question: What had formed when Hrip'sime became Christian?
is_impossible: yes

question: What had become widely used in early churches?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did some churches sometimes have in the fifth century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What two major monasteries were built during the Khachkar dynasty?
is_impossible: yes

question: Under what dynasty was Caucasus established?
is_impossible: yes

question: How are Russians from Lebanon referred to?
is_impossible: yes
context: The first Armenian churches were built between the 4th and 7th century, beginning when Armenia converted to Christianity, and ending with the Arab invasion of Armenia. The early churches were mostly simple basilicas, but some with side apses. By the fifth century the typical cupola cone in the center had become widely used. By the seventh century, centrally planned churches had been built and a more complicated niched buttress and radiating Hrip'simé style had formed. By the time of the Arab invasion, most of what we now know as classical Armenian architecture had formed.

qas: question: Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?
answers: text: Seljuk
is_impossible: no

question: What Armenian monasteries were built in the 11th century?
answers: text: Haghpat and Haritchavank
is_impossible: no

question: When was there an Armenian architecture revival?
answers: text: From the 9th to 11th century
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question: What dynasty ruled Armenia in the 10th century?
answers: text: Bagratid Dynasty
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question: What was ornately carved in the 9th-11th centuries?
answers: text: Armenian Khachkars
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question: Who was Khachkar invaded by in the 11th century?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where was a new monastery built after the Seljuk invasion?
is_impossible: yes

question: What cathedral was completed during the Khachkar dynasty?
is_impossible: yes

question: What two major monasteries were built during the Khachkar dynasty?
is_impossible: yes

question: What building style was used in the area of Haritchavank?
is_impossible: yes

question: What group fled the invasion of the Mamluk in 885 AD?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who invented the Armenian alphabet?
is_impossible: yes

question: What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?
is_impossible: yes
context: From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities and churches were built during this time, including a new capital at Lake Van and a new Cathedral on Akdamar Island to match. The Cathedral of Ani was also completed during this dynasty. It was during this time that the first major monasteries, such as Haghpat and Haritchavank were built. This period was ended by the Seljuk invasion.

qas: question: When did Armenia begin winning Olympic medals?
answers: text: 1952
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question: Where were the 1952 Olympics held?
answers: text: Helsinki
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question: Which Armenian football team was the most successful?
answers: text: Yerevan's FC Ararat
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question: What pro team has FC Ararat beaten?
answers: text: FC Bayern Munich
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question: Who won Armenia's first Olympic medal?
answers: text: Hrant Shahinyan
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question: When did FC Bayern Munich first win olympic medals?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where were the 1970 olympics located?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who was the first person from Munich to win medals in the olympics?
is_impossible: yes

question: What medals did Yerevan's FC Ararat win in the 1952 olympics?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who did Hrant Shahinyan beat in the Euro cup?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a kabob?
is_impossible: yes

question: What was Zartonki Sherchan interested in openly discussing?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are the Hravard inscriptions similar to?
is_impossible: yes
context: During Soviet rule, Armenian athletes rose to prominence winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan, who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. In football, their most successful team was Yerevan's FC Ararat, which had claimed most of the Soviet championships in the 70s and had also gone to post victories against professional clubs like FC Bayern Munich in the Euro cup.

qas: question: What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?
answers: text: Armenian folk music
is_impossible: no

question: What instruments are used in Armenian folk music?
answers: text: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun
is_impossible: no

question: What kind of Armenian religious music is prevalent?
answers: text: the Armenian chant
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question: What did Mashtots do besides composing religious chants?
answers: text: inventor of the Armenian alphabet
is_impossible: no

question: What was Aram Khatchaturian's career?
answers: text: classical music composer
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question: What did Saint Sabre invent?
is_impossible: yes

question: What instruments is Aram Khatchaturian famous for playing?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Sayat Nova create the Sabre Dance for?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Sayat Nova create besides the Armenian alphabet?
is_impossible: yes

question: Under who's rule did Mesrop Mashots become famous internationally?
is_impossible: yes

question: What group fled the invasion of the Mamluk in 885 AD?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who invaded Armenia in the 11th century?
is_impossible: yes

question: What Armenian monasteries were built in the 11th century?
is_impossible: yes
context: Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.

qas: question: What type of music is Richard Hagopian famous for?
answers: text: the traditional "kef" style
is_impossible: no

question: What instruments does 'kef' use?
answers: text: Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments
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question: What type of music does Sirusho perform?
answers: text: pop music combined with Armenian folk music
is_impossible: no

question: What nationality is Charles Aznavour?
answers: text: French-Armenian
is_impossible: no

question: What US heavy metal band is comprised of Armenians?
answers: text: System of a Down
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question: What two pop artists became famous in Turkey the 40's and 50's?
is_impossible: yes

question: What event was caused by French influence that led to widespread Armenian emigration?
is_impossible: yes

question: What dance style was popular after people of Turkey emigrated to the US?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who is the most popular member of System of a Down?
is_impossible: yes

question: What famous opera singers used the kef style?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long have Christians been involved in Eurpean Crusader States?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did European writing begin?
is_impossible: yes

question: What did Mashtots do besides composing religious chants?
is_impossible: yes
context: The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated. Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 40s and 50s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 60s and 70s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia. Also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry. Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. Ruben Hakobyan (Ruben Sasuntsi) is a well recognized Armenian ethnographic and patriotic folk singer who has achieved widespread national recognition due to his devotion to Armenian folk music and exceptional talent. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth.[citation needed] These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

qas: question: What job do many Armenian women traditionally do?
answers: text: Carpet-weaving
is_impossible: no

question: When is the earliest known Armenian carpet from?
answers: text: early 13th century
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question: Where is the earliest known Armenian carpet from?
answers: text: the village of Banants (near Gandzak)
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question: What is 'gorg'?
answers: text: the Armenian word for carpet
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question: Where is the earliest known use of 'gorg'?
answers: text: in a 1242–1243 Armenian inscription on the wall of the Kaptavan Church in Artsakh
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question: What is the Armenian word for weaving?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the first time the word for weaving was used?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is the traditional profession of Kaptavians?
is_impossible: yes

question: When was the earliest medieval church founded?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is the earliest medieval church from?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did the Armenian Catholicosate move to?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where is the Hungarian monastery?
is_impossible: yes

question: How do the two Catholicosates compare?
is_impossible: yes
context: Carpet-weaving is historically a major traditional profession for the majority of Armenian women, including many Armenian families. Prominent Karabakh carpet weavers there were men too. The oldest extant Armenian carpet from the region, referred to as Artsakh (see also Karabakh carpet) during the medieval era, is from the village of Banants (near Gandzak) and dates to the early 13th century. The first time that the Armenian word for carpet, gorg, was used in historical sources was in a 1242–1243 Armenian inscription on the wall of the Kaptavan Church in Artsakh.

qas: question: What is Hakobyan's career?
answers: text: Art historian
is_impossible: no

question: What creatures are often depicted on Armenian carpets?
answers: text: dragons and eagles
is_impossible: no

question: What are artsvagorgs?
answers: text: eagle-carpets
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question: What are vishapagorgs?
answers: text: dragon-carpets
is_impossible: no

question: What are otsagorgs?
answers: text: serpent-carpets
is_impossible: no

question: What is Artsakh's profession?
is_impossible: yes

question: What two motifs were usually found in Kaptavian inscriptions?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are the Hravard inscriptions composed of?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are the Hravard inscriptions similar to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What are manuscripts separated into depending on the animals on them?
is_impossible: yes

question: Who wrote the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?
is_impossible: yes

question: What dynasty was Ashot I part of?
is_impossible: yes

question: When did Armenia leave the USSR?
is_impossible: yes
context: Art historian Hravard Hakobyan notes that "Artsakh carpets occupy a special place in the history of Armenian carpet-making." Common themes and patterns found on Armenian carpets were the depiction of dragons and eagles. They were diverse in style, rich in color and ornamental motifs, and were even separated in categories depending on what sort of animals were depicted on them, such as artsvagorgs (eagle-carpets), vishapagorgs (dragon-carpets) and otsagorgs (serpent-carpets). The rug mentioned in the Kaptavan inscriptions is composed of three arches, "covered with vegatative ornaments", and bears an artistic resemblance to the illuminated manuscripts produced in Artsakh.

qas: question: What is khorovats?
answers: text: an Armenian-styled barbecue
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question: What is lavash?
answers: text: Armenian flat bread
is_impossible: no

question: What is paklava?
answers: text: a popular dessert made from filo dough
is_impossible: no

question: What is a kabob?
answers: text: a skewer of marinated roasted meat and vegetables
is_impossible: no

question: What is ghapama?
answers: text: a rice-stuffed pumpkin dish
is_impossible: no

question: What is the favorite fruit that is part of Armenian-style barbecue?
is_impossible: yes

question: How long have cornelian cherries been grown in Armenia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What reputation do cornelian cherries have?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a dish called that uses fruits, grapes and figs?
is_impossible: yes

question: What is a popular grape leaf in Armenia?
is_impossible: yes

question: What has the government of Armenia consistently rejected?
is_impossible: yes

question: Where did the Armenian Catholicosate move to?
is_impossible: yes

question: What kind of Armenian religious music is prevalent?
is_impossible: yes
context: Armenians enjoy many different native and foreign foods. Arguably the favorite food is khorovats an Armenian-styled barbecue. Lavash is a very popular Armenian flat bread, and Armenian paklava is a popular dessert made from filo dough. Other famous Armenian foods include the kabob (a skewer of marinated roasted meat and vegetables), various dolmas (minced lamb, or beef meat and rice wrapped in grape leaves, cabbage leaves, or stuffed into hollowed vegetables), and pilaf, a rice dish. Also, ghapama, a rice-stuffed pumpkin dish, and many different salads are popular in Armenian culture. Fruits play a large part in the Armenian diet. Apricots (Prunus armeniaca, also known as Armenian Plum) have been grown in Armenia for centuries and have a reputation for having an especially good flavor. Peaches are popular as well, as are grapes, figs, pomegranates, and melons. Preserves are made from many fruits, including cornelian cherries, young walnuts, sea buckthorn, mulberries, sour cherries, and many others.