Neoclassical_architecture

qas: question: Who influenced many 19th century neoclassical architects?
answers: text: Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux
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question: What do geometric architecture emulate of the universe?
answers: text: eternality
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question: What Edmund Burke concept is linked to Boullee's ideas?
answers: text: sublime
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question: What concept did Ledoux address?
answers: text: architectural character
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question: As a concept of neoclassical architecture, what should be immediately communicated to viewer?
answers: text: building should immediately communicate its function
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question: What influence neoclassical architecture in the 1900s?
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question: What did the drawings of Claude Nicholas Lediux depicts?
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question: Whose ideas are linked to Boullee's ideas of the sublime?
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question: What did Burke say about the concept of architectural character?
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question: Why did Roman use and open ordered scheme for city planning?
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question: What sought to discern the practices of the Greeks?
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question: What refers to architecture that uses a wide variety of materials and craftsmanship from different regions?
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context: Many early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. There are links between Boullée's ideas and Edmund Burke's conception of the sublime. Ledoux addressed the concept of architectural character, maintaining that a building should immediately communicate its function to the viewer: taken literally such ideas give rise to "architecture parlante".

qas: question: What century were most four influential books published?
answers: text: 18th century
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question: Who wrote Vitruvius Britannicus?
answers: text: Colen Campbell
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question: In what century did Palladian architecture become well established?
answers: text: 18th-century
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question: When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published?
answers: text: 1727
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question: What style was popular among the English?
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question: What the books published in the 1800s highlight about classical architecture?
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question: What was the name of the four volumes of books written by Inigo Jones?
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question: What book contain prints of famous British buildings inspired by Vitruvius andAedifacatoria
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question: What book featured the work of an Inigo Jones and other architects from the 1800s?
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question: The Louis XVI style was popular up until what regime?
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question: What architect typifies the first style of neoclassical in England?
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question: What re-discoveries inspired exterior design of neoclassicism
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context: The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727). The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell. The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain.

qas: question: Who was the "architect earl"?
answers: text: Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington
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question: When was Chiswick House designed?
answers: text: 1729
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question: What was the original building that Chiswick House design was reinterpretation?
answers: text: Palladio's Villa Capra
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question: What is 1734 design is considered one of the finest example of Palladian architecture in England, built in Norfolk?
answers: text: Holkham Hall
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question: Who was inspired by the archite Earl when building Chiswick House?
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question: What was a reinterpretation of Richard Boyles Chiswick House?
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question: What was the Villa Capra purified up?
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question: What architectural style feature ornamentation?
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question: Whose dictate did the wings of farm houses follow?
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question: The Louis XVI style was popular up until what regime?
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question: What did Robert and James Adam start in the seventeenth century?
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question: What used a different vocabulary then late Baroque architecture?
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context: At the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic "architect earl", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and ornament. This severe lack of ornamentation was to be a feature of the Palladianism. In 1734 William Kent and Lord Burlington designed one of England's finest examples of Palladian architecture with Holkham Hall in Norfolk. The main block of this house followed Palladio's dictates quite closely, but Palladio's low, often detached, wings of farm buildings were elevated in significance.

qas: question: What additional influences were incorporated into neoclassical architecture by mid 18th century?
answers: text: Ancient Greece
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question: What englishman excavated pompeii?
answers: text: Sir William Hamilton
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question: In what city did a generation of French art students study that propelled neoclassical architecture and incorporation broader styles?
answers: text: Rome
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question: What other countries adopted the style of neoclassical?
answers: text: Sweden and Russia.
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question: What did movement incorporate by the mid-1800s?
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question: When was the shift to classical architecture dated?
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question: What archaeological dig influence the classical period?
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question: What was influenced by Roman art students trained in France?
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question: Where was neoclassical architecture adopted in conventional circles?
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question: What is the earliest example of Greek architecture in France?
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question: What was the final phase of neoclassicism
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question: What was initially a Parisien style in Greece?
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context: By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pompeii and other sites, the influence of the Grand Tour and the work of William Chambers and Robert Adam, was pivotal in this regard. In France, the movement was propelled by a generation of French art students trained in Rome, and was influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann. The style was also adopted by progressive circles in other countries such as Sweden and Russia.

qas: question: When was the second wave of neoclassical architecture?
answers: text: Napoleonic Empire
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question: What term is used to express the first wave of neoclassicism in France?
answers: text: Louis XVI style
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question: What is the second wave of neoclassicism in France called?
answers: text: "Directoire" or Empire
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question: Up until Napoleaoic regimes, what style remained popular in Italy?
answers: text: The Rococo style
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question: What is associated with the fall of the Napoleonic Empire?
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question: What King was a style of architecture named after during the first wave of neoclassicism?
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question: What was a famous style of first wave neoclassicism in Italy?
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question: Who oppose the archaeological classism brought by the Napoleonic regimes?
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question: The Louis XVI style was popular up until what regime?
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question: Whose winning design for public competition began the dominance of Greek style architecture?
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question: As a concept of neoclassical architecture, what should be immediately communicated to viewer?
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question: Who influenced many 19th century neoclassical architects?
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context: A second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire. In France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the "Louis XVI style", and the second in the styles called "Directoire" or Empire. The Rococo style remained popular in Italy until the Napoleonic regimes brought the new archaeological classicism, which was embraced as a political statement by young, progressive, urban Italians with republican leanings.[according to whom?]

qas: question: What rediscoveries inspired interior designs of neoclassicism?
answers: text: Pompeii and Herculaneum.
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question: What tightly controlled book brought appeal for classic interior to masses?
answers: text: Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum).
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question: What are some examples of the changes of interior of neoclassicism from ancient rediscoveries?
answers: text: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts
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question: What were William Kent's interior designs based from?
answers: text: basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in
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question: What re-discoveries inspired exterior design of neoclassicism
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question: What gained a wider audience in 1740s?
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question: What were classic exteriors of the Baroque based on?
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question: What are examples of classic interior design?
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question: What is the name of the library that illustrates the unconventional style of neoclassical?
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question: When was the National Gallery constructed?
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question: When was Chiswick House designed?
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context: Indoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly controlled distribution of Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum). The antiquities of Herculaneum showed that even the most classicising interiors of the Baroque, or the most "Roman" rooms of William Kent were based on basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in, hence their often bombastic appearance to modern eyes: pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts.

qas: question: What were interiors seeking to recreate?
answers: text: authentically Roman
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question: What colors were utilized for interiors?
answers: text: "Pompeiian red" or pale tints, or stone colours
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question: Who brought Louis XVI style to the court?
answers: text: Marie Antoinette
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question: What types of techniques were used to style motifs?
answers: text: flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones
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question: What were styles in France initially?
answers: text: Parisian
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question: What did new exteriors try to re-create?
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question: What techniques were excluded from the style?
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question: What was initially a Parisien style in Greece?
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question: What we brought the Gout grec style to court?
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question: What architectural style is always traditional?
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question: In what year was the British Museum built?
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question: Who was the ruler of Malta following the neoclassical period?
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context: The new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu ("like cameos"), isolated medallions or vases or busts or bucrania or other motifs, suspended on swags of laurel or ribbon, with slender arabesques against backgrounds, perhaps, of "Pompeiian red" or pale tints, or stone colours. The style in France was initially a Parisian style, the Goût grec ("Greek style"), not a court style; when Louis XVI acceded to the throne in 1774, Marie Antoinette, his fashion-loving Queen, brought the "Louis XVI" style to court.

qas: question: Who began the new phase of neoclassical design?
answers: text: Robert and James Adam
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question: Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered?
answers: text: Italy and Dalmatia
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question: What book outlines the new trends of neoclassicism in this phase?
answers: text: The Works in Architecture
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question: During the later 18th century the trend of neoclassic design attempted to simplify what styles?
answers: text: rococo and baroque styles
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question: This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design?
answers: text: lighter and more elegant feel
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question: What architects traveled Italy and Dalmatia in the mid-seventeenth century?
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question: What did Robert and James Adam start in the seventeenth century?
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question: Who was trying to simplify the neoclassical design?
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question: What book outlines the trends of the baroque style?
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question: How did the old-style feel compared to the new style?
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question: What move towards a less pure form of Greco-Roman architecture during the eighteenth century?
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question: What is 1734 design is considered one of the finest example of Palladian architecture in England, built in Norfolk?
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question: The design of what college marked the end of Greek revival?
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context: A new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved designs made the Adam repertory available throughout Europe. The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses. The Works in Architecture illustrated the main buildings the Adam brothers had worked on and crucially documented the interiors, furniture and fittings, designed by the Adams.

qas: question: From around 1800 an influx of etchings and engravings came from where?
answers: text: Greek architectural
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question: What was this new phase of neoclassicism?
answers: text: Greek Revival
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question: Prior to what century had there been little contact between western europe and greek civilization?
answers: text: 18th century
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question: Who led an expedition to Greece in 1751?
answers: text: James Stuart and Nicholas Revett
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question: What was the first Greek building in England?
answers: text: garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758–59)
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question: What influenced neoclassicism during the eighteenth century?
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question: What had there been very little of in Western Europe prior to the 1800s?
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question: I don't know: what was George Lyttelton commission to produce?
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question: What was the final phase of neoclassicism
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question: What was the first Greek building in Western Europe?
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question: What two cathedrals did Pollack design and hungry
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question: What is associated with the fall of the Napoleonic Empire?
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question: What French architect designed Hungarian Cathedral in the seventeenth century?
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context: From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by the Society of Dilettanti in 1751 and led by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett began serious archaeological enquiry. Stuart was commissioned after his return from Greece by George Lyttelton to produce the first Greek building in England, the garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758–59). A number of British architects in the second half of the century took up the expressive challenge of the Doric from their aristocratic patrons, including Joseph Bonomi and John Soane, but it was to remain the private enthusiasm of connoisseurs up to the first decade of the 19th century.

qas: question: Whose winning design for public competition began the dominance of Greek style architecture?
answers: text: William Wilkins
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question: What monument was created in 1818?
answers: text: Burns Monument at Alloway
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question: When was the General Post Office built?
answers: text: 1824–29
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question: In what year was the British Museum built?
answers: text: 1823–48
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question: When was the National Gallery constructed?
answers: text: 1832–38
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question: What do Greek revival and in architecture?
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question: The design of what college marked the end of Greek revival?
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question: What monument was built in 1823?
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question: What high school was built in 1818?
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question: Who's influence brought about Greek revival in France?
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question: Who influenced many 19th century neoclassical architects?
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question: What is the earliest example of Greek architecture in France?
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context: Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for the public competition for Downing College, Cambridge that announced the Greek style was to be the dominant idiom in architecture. Wilkins and Robert Smirke went on to build some of the most important buildings of the era, including the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden (1808–09), the General Post Office (1824–29) and the British Museum (1823–48), Wilkins University College London (1826–30) and the National Gallery (1832–38). In Scotland, Thomas Hamilton (1784–1858), in collaboration with the artists Andrew Wilson (1780–1848) and Hugh William Williams (1773–1829) created monuments and buildings of international significance; the Burns Monument at Alloway (1818) and the (Royal) High School in Edinburgh (1823–29).

qas: question: How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison?
answers: text: more grandiose
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question: What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style?
answers: text: Napoleon I
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question: What was the corresponding style to Empire in Britain?
answers: text: Regency
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question: In the US, the style during this time of Neoclassical Empire was known as what?
answers: text: Federal style
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question: What neoclassic style in France was less grandiose?
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question: What took its name from the wall of Napoleon the second?
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question: What did the colonial style in the United States correspond to?
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question: What did Hugh Honour see as the culmination of the neoclassical movement?
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question: Charles Moreau was a chief architect of what you hungry?
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question: Who is famous for Cathedral Eger and Esztergom?
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question: What the books published in the 1800s highlight about classical architecture?
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context: At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and the French state. The style corresponds to the more bourgeois Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands, Federal style in the United States, the Regency style in Britain, and the Napoleonstil in Sweden. According to the art historian Hugh Honour "so far from being, as is sometimes supposed, the culmination of the Neo-classical movement, the Empire marks its rapid decline and transformation back once more into a mere antique revival, drained of all the high-minded ideas and force of conviction that had inspired its masterpieces".

qas: question: What other architecture style did neoclassical share similarities and vocabulary?
answers: text: Late Baroque architecture
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question: What qualities were more emphasized in neoclassical versus Baroque?
answers: text: planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes
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question: In addition to being flatter, how were individual features handled with neoclasic?
answers: text: isolated rather than interpenetrating
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question: How broad was the reach of high neoclassicism?
answers: text: international movement
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question: What was a national movement?
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question: What used a different vocabulary then late Baroque architecture?
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question: What emphasized its sculptural volumes?
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question: What architectural features had a less flat effect on light and shade?
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question: What architectural style had less isolated features?
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question: Who was the ruler of Malta following the neoclassical period?
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question: The Louis XVI style was popular up until what regime?
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question: Who ruled Malta in the 1900s?
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context: High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural bas-reliefs were flatter and tended to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels. Its clearly articulated individual features were isolated rather than interpenetrating, autonomous and complete in themselves.

qas: question: What ancient civilization utilized neoclassicism in city planning?
answers: text: ancient Romans
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question: What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism?
answers: text: grid system
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question: What are 2 benefits of leveraging neoclassicism for civil planning?
answers: text: very logical and orderly
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question: What kind of planning was influenced by classical architecture?
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question: Why did Roman use and open ordered scheme for city planning?
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question: What kind of city planning began with the Romans?
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question: What type of city design frequently used diagonal streets?
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question: What was oriented towards the importance of public buildings?
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question: What is 1734 design is considered one of the finest example of Palladian architecture in England, built in Norfolk?
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question: What influenced neoclassicism during the eighteenth century?
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question: What did Thomas Gordon Smith treat as ironic?
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context: Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slightly wider boulevards, and the occasional diagonal street were characteristic of the very logical and orderly Roman design. Ancient façades and building layouts were oriented to these city design patterns and they tended to work in proportion with the importance of public buildings.

qas: question: What direction did British architecture go in mid 18th century?
answers: text: Ancient Greco-Roman ideal
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question: What were Robert Wood's influential Greek monuments from mid 18th century?
answers: text: Palmyra and Baalbec
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question: Who began the revolution of Greek influenced architecture in Britain?
answers: text: James 'Athenian' Stuart
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question: What brothers were instrumental in this Greek movement of neoclassicism?
answers: text: Adam Brothers
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question: What changed the course of British architecture starting in the mid-1800s?
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question: What move towards a less pure form of Greco-Roman architecture during the eighteenth century?
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question: Who adopted a combination of complex forms and high levels of enrichment?
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question: What revolution was begun by the Adams brothers?
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question: Where were architects like George dance based?
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question: What are 2 benefits of leveraging neoclassicism for civil planning?
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question: What style was powerful and eccentric by the end of the 1900s?
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question: What is new classical architecture also referred to as
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context: From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra and Baalbec. A combination of simple forms and high levels of enrichment was adopted by the majority of contemporary British architects and designers. The revolution begun by Stuart was soon to be eclipsed by the work of the Adam Brothers, James Wyatt, Sir William Chambers, George Dance, James Gandon and provincially based architects such as John Carr and Thomas Harrison of Chester.

qas: question: What author's 20th century writing caused interest in pure neoclassical design?
answers: text: Albert Richardson
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question: In what period did Percy Thomas design public building in neoclassical?
answers: text: interwar period
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question: Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design?
answers: text: New Delhi
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question: What new design was trending after neoclassical?
answers: text: Gothic Revival
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question: Who reawakened interest in pure neoclassical design in the 2000's?
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question: What type of building did Vincent Harris design during the interwar period?
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question: Planning for what city marked the rise of neoclassicism?
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question: What other area besides England experienced a strong Gothic revival?
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question: What style was powerful and eccentric by the end of the 1900s?
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question: What high school was built in 1818?
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question: What style was originally a court style and not a Parisien style?
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question: Who brought Louis XVI style to the court?
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context: In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass & Hope and Percy Thomas were among those who designed public buildings in the neoclassical style in the interwar period. In the British Raj in India, Sir Edwin Lutyens' monumental city planning for New Delhi marked the sunset of neoclassicism. In Scotland and the north of England, where the Gothic Revival was less strong, architects continued to develop the neoclassical style of William Henry Playfair. The works of Cuthbert Brodrick and Alexander Thomson show that by the end of the 19th century the results could be powerful and eccentric.

qas: question: What is the name of the first wave of neoclassicism in France?
answers: text: Louis XVI style
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question: France's second phase of neoclassic is known as what?
answers: text: Directoire and "Empire"
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question: What architect typifies the first style of neoclassical in England?
answers: text: Robert Adam
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question: Structure of whom characterize England's second phase of neoclassical?
answers: text: Sir John Soane
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question: Who styled the court in France for more modern design after 1771?
answers: text: Marie Antoinette
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question: What style marked the first phase of neoclassicism in continental Europe?
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question: What style replace neoclassicism in 1806?
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question: What style was originally a court style and not a Parisien style?
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question: What King brought the Louis XVI style to court?
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question: Who brought Louis XVI style to the court?
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question: Why did Roman use and open ordered scheme for city planning?
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question: What re-discoveries inspired exterior design of neoclassicism
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context: The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the two phases might be characterized first by the structures of Robert Adam, the second by those of Sir John Soane. The interior style in France was initially a Parisian style, the "Goût grec" ("Greek style") not a court style. Only when the young king acceded to the throne in 1771 did Marie Antoinette, his fashion-loving Queen, bring the "Louis XVI" style to court.

qas: question: What is the earliest example of Greek architecture in France?
answers: text: Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80
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question: How concerned was France with Greek architecture?
answers: text: Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French
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question: Who's influence brought about Greek revival in France?
answers: text: Laboustre
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question: In which wave of neoclassical was the greek revival in France?
answers: text: second Empire
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question: Who consider first-hand evidence of Greek architecture very important?
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question: What sought to discern the practices of the Greeks?
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question: What revival flourished in France?
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question: What started with the crypt of Claude Nicholas Ludoux?
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question: What book featured the work of an Inigo Jones and other architects from the 1800s?
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question: What are 2 benefits of leveraging neoclassicism for civil planning?
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question: How broad was the reach of high neoclassicism?
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context: What little there was, started with Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80), and Claude Nicolas Ledoux's Barriere des Bonshommes (1785–89). First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that sought to discern the principles of the Greeks instead of their mere practices. It would take until Laboustre's Neo-Grec of the second Empire for the Greek revival to flower briefly in France.

qas: question: In what town is the oldest neoclassical architecture in Hungary?
answers: text: Vác
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question: What French architect designed important neoclassical structures in 1760s?
answers: text: Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval
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question: Who designed the Esterhazy Palace?
answers: text: Charles Moreau
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question: Who is famous for Cathedral Eger and Esztergom?
answers: text: József Hild
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question: What is one of the last examples of neoclassical architecture and hungry
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question: What French architect designed Hungarian Cathedral in the seventeenth century?
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question: Charles Moreau was a chief architect of what you hungry?
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question: What two cathedrals did Pollack design and hungry
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question: Structure of whom characterize England's second phase of neoclassical?
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question: What is 1734 design is considered one of the finest example of Palladian architecture in England, built in Norfolk?
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question: What high school was built in 1818?
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context: The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác. In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s. Also the work of a French architect Charles Moreau is the garden façade of the Esterházy Palace (1797–1805) in Kismarton (today Eisenstadt in Austria). The two principal architect of Neoclassicism in Hungary was Mihály Pollack and József Hild. Pollack's major work is the Hungarian National Museum (1837–1844). Hild is famous for his designs for the Cathedral of Eger and Esztergom.

qas: question: When was Malta introduced to neoclassical architecture?
answers: text: late 18th century
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question: What was the ruler at the time of neoclassical introduction?
answers: text: Hospitaller
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question: When was RNH Bighi built?
answers: text: 1832
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question: In what year did the St Paul's Pro-Cathedral get built? 
answers: text: 1844
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question: What was introduced in Malta in the late 1800s?
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question: What became unpopular in Malta following the establishment of British rule?
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question: Who was the ruler of Malta following the neoclassical period?
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question: Who ruled Malta in the 1900s?
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question: In which wave of neoclassical was the greek revival in France?
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question: What was a famous style of first wave neoclassicism in Italy?
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question: What revolution was begun by the Adams brothers?
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context: Neoclassical architecture was introduced in Malta in the late 18th century, during the final years of Hospitaller rule. Early examples include the Bibliotheca (1786), the De Rohan Arch (1798) and the Hompesch Gate (1801). However, neoclassical architecture only became popular in Malta following the establishment of British rule in the early 19th century. In 1814, a neoclassical portico decorated with the British coat of arms was added to the Main Guard building so as to serve as a symbol of British Malta. Other 19th century neoclassical buildings include RNH Bighi (1832), St Paul's Pro-Cathedral (1844), the Rotunda of Mosta (1860) and the now destroyed Royal Opera House (1866).

qas: question: In what are of architecture is neoclassical currently classed?
answers: text: New Classical Architecture
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question: What is the term for sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture?
answers: text: Traditional Architecture
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question: What is the award for major contributions to traditional of classical architecture in 21st century?
answers: text: The Driehaus Architecture Prize
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question: What is another name for New Classical Architecture?
answers: text: Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism
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question: What was neoclassicism classified under starting in the twentieth century?
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question: What is new classical architecture also referred to as
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question: What refers to architecture that uses a wide variety of materials and craftsmanship from different regions?
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question: What is awarded to architects who contribute to 21st-century classical architecture?
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question: How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison?
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question: What is the movement that caused resurgence of neoclassicism?
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question: When was the shift to classical architecture dated?
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context: As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.

qas: question: When was the lull in neoclassical architecture?
answers: text: roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s
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question: What is the movement that caused resurgence of neoclassicism?
answers: text: New Urbanism
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question: Many post modern designs feature classic elements in what way?
answers: text: ironic
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question: What recent architect began to take elements of classicism seriously?
answers: text: Thomas Gordon Smith
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question: What type of architecture flourished from post-World War I until the big 1980s?
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question: What two types of architecture saw a rebirth due to neoclassicism?
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question: What did Thomas Gordon Smith treat as ironic?
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question: What university was purely dedicated to classical architecture?
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question: Why does modernism shape urban planning?
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question: What are 2 benefits of leveraging neoclassicism for civil planning?
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question: What book featured the work of an Inigo Jones and other architects from the 1800s?
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question: How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison?
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context: After a lull during the period of modern architectural dominance (roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s), neoclassicism has seen somewhat of a resurgence. This rebirth can be traced to the movement of New Urbanism and postmodern architecture's embrace of classical elements as ironic, especially in light of the dominance of Modernism. While some continued to work with classicism as ironic, some architects such as Thomas Gordon Smith, began to consider classicism seriously. While some schools had interest in classical architecture, such as the University of Virginia, no school was purely dedicated to classical architecture. In the early 1990s a program in classical architecture was started by Smith and Duncan Stroik at the University of Notre Dame that continues successfully. Programs at the University of Miami, Andrews University, Judson University and The Prince's Foundation for Building Community have trained a number of new classical architects since this resurgence. Today one can find numerous buildings embracing neoclassical style, since a generation of architects trained in this discipline shapes urban planning.

qas: question: Who has stirred controversy for development and design of Chelsea Barracks?
answers: text: Prince Charles
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question: What family was funding the development of former Chelsea Barracks?
answers: text: Qatari Royal family
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question: What new library illustrates the traditional style of neoclassicism?
answers: text: Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College
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question: What is the name of the library that illustrates the unconventional style of neoclassical?
answers: text: ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library
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question: Is neoclassical design current in Britain?
answers: text: a number of architects are active in the neoclassical
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question: What country has a number of architects active in the Roman Greco style?
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question: What architectural style is always traditional?
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question: Who promoted a modern design for development on the former Chelsea barracks?
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question: What building project was being funded by the British Royal family?
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question: Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design?
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question: In what year did the St Paul's Pro-Cathedral get built? 
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question: Who wrote Vitruvius Britannicus?
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context: In Britain a number of architects are active in the neoclassical style. Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the latter case. Recently, Prince Charles came under controversy for promoting a classically designed development on the land of the former Chelsea Barracks in London. Writing to the Qatari Royal family (who were funding the development through the property development company Qatari Diar) he condemned the accepted modernist plans, instead advocating a classical approach. His appeal was met with success and the plans were withdrawn. A new design by architecture house Dixon Jones is currently being drafted.