VivekNaga/Medicaldata huggingface dataset:
context: When you have heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia ( He FH), you don't always have obvious symptoms. The main way it affects you is to send your LDL "bad" cholesterol numbers way up. He FH makes it harder for your body to remove cholesterol -- a fatty, waxy substance that builds up in blood vessels. It's a disease you're born with, and the effects start early in your life. Over time, it can damage blood vessels and lead to heart disease if you don't get any treatment. He FH causes very high LDL and total cholesterol levels. Your doctor will give you a blood test to find out what your numbers are. A normal LDL cholesterol level is lower than 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/d L). But if you've got He FH, you can have an LDL level as high as 250 mg/d L. Besides high cholesterol, watch out for these other symptoms of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Xanthomas These are bumps under your skin that form when extra cholesterol in your blood clumps together. They're usually yellow or orange. You're most likely to see them in your tendons, especially in the Achilles tendon in the back of your heel and in the joints of your hands. Sometimes these growths can also form on your: Hands Elbows Knees Feet Buttocks Some xanthomas may be very small. Others may grow as large as 3 inches. Smaller bumps can join together to form larger growths. They don't necessarily cause pain, but it depends on their location. Achilles Tendinitis When xanthomas form in your Achilles tendon, they can cause Achilles tendonitis -- pain, stiffness, and swelling in the back of the heel. Xanthelasmas These are xanthomas that grow on your eyelids. They're yellow and form near the inner corner of your eye, often on the upper lid. You'll usually see the same shaped growth on both the left and right eyelids. They can get larger over time and may be permanent. Corneal Arcus It's a condition you get when cholesterol forms deposits around the outside of your cornea -- the clear cover over the front of your eye. It looks like a white or gray ring around the iris -- the colored part of your eye. It won't affect your vision. Cholesterol can build up in your arteries -- the blood vessels that carry oxygen from your heart to the rest of your body. If you don't take steps to lower your cholesterol -- and you have other risks like smoking and high blood pressure -- you can develop heart disease. If that happens, one of the main symptoms is chest pain called angina. Without any treatment, it can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Get emergency medical help right away if you have warning signs of a stroke, including: Trouble speaking Weakness in your arm or leg Drooping of your face on one side Loss of balance Also get medical help right away if you have symptoms of a heart attack: Pressure, squeezing, or pain in your chest Pain in your upper back or neck Pain that radiates down the arms Nausea, vomiting Shortness of breath Fatigue
context: HIV/ AIDS questions for people who think they may have been exposed to HIV: Should I have an HIV test? How can I protect myself against HIV infection? HIV/ AIDS questions for people who test positive for HIV: What does it mean to have HIV? What do all these medical tests mean? Do I have AIDS? What treatment can I get for my HIV infection, and where should I get it? How much experience do you have treating people with HIV infection? What side effects can I expect from anti- HIV treatment? How can you help me deal with these side effects? How often do I need to come in after I start treatment? What can I do to improve my immune system? Will better nutrition help? How can I keep from passing my HIV infection to others? Who can help me deal with my feelings?
context: The person has been seriously wounded. Bleeding can't be stopped after 10 minutes of firm and steady pressure. Bleeding is severe. Blood spurts from the wound. Apply direct pressure until bleeding stops. For a wound or superficial scratch from an animal bite: Gently clean with soap and warm water. Rinse for several minutes after cleaning. Apply antibiotic cream to reduce risk of infection, and cover with a sterile bandage. Get medical help immediately for any animal bite that is more than a superficial scratch or if the animal was a wild animal or stray, regardless of the severity of the injury. If the animal's owner is available, find out if the animal's rabies shots are up-to-date. Give this information to your health care provider. If the animal was a stray or wild animal, call the local health department or animal control immediately. The health care provider will make sure the wound is thoroughly clean and may prescribe antibiotics. The health care provider may numb the wound and look for any deeper damage. If there is any risk of rabies infection, the health care provider will recommend anti-rabies treatment. The person may require stitches, depending on how big the wound is and where it is located. The person may also require a tetanus shot or booster. The health care provider may recommend ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain.
context: When you have asthma, any upper respiratory infection -- like a cold or the flu -- can affect your lungs, causing inflammation and airway narrowing. It is important to take measures to stay healthy and be aware of any asthma symptoms, even mild, so that you avoid a more serious asthma attack. Call your doctor if you experience any of the warning symptoms of a possible infection that can trigger an asthma attack (listed below). Also call your doctor if you have any other symptoms of an asthma attack that cause concern. Increased shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or wheezing Coughing up increased amounts of mucus Abnormally colored mucus Fever (temperature over 101 ° F) or chills Increased fatigue or weakness Sore throat, scratchy throat, or pain when swallowing Sinus pressure or drainage, nasal congestion, or headaches Good hygiene can decrease viral infections. Prevent the spread of infection by making sure you and your family members wash their hands regularly with soap and warm water. Check with your health care provider about receiving a flu shot every year. In addition, discuss the possibility of getting a pneumococcus -- or pneumonia -- vaccine. Pneumococcus is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia, an illness that can be particularly serious in a person with asthma. Depending on your age and any risk factors you may have, you may need two different types of pneumonia vaccines. Sinusitis with asthma can be very serious. Be aware of the symptoms of a sinus infection and report them immediately to your doctor to prevent asthma attacks. Keep breathing equipment clean. Do not let others use your asthma medications or asthma treatment, including your asthma inhaler, asthma nebulizer, and nebulizer tubing and mouthpiece. If you have asthma and are showing signs of an infection, call your doctor immediately for advice.
context: Many over-the-counter antifungal medications can be applied to the affected area. These creams should be used sparingly but regularly, at least once a day. An application the size of a chocolate chip should be adequate to cover the entire bottom of your foot. It is important to keep your feet clean and dry. Wear moisture wicking socks made of synthetic fibers such as breathable nylon mesh, merino wool, or polyester. Fibers that âwickâ draw moisture from the surface of your skin and release it into the air, keeping the fibers and your feet dry and comfortable. If possible, remove the insoles of shoes and sneakers to allow them to dry out over night. Dusting the inside of your shoes and socks with talcum powder or a medicated powder such as Desenex will help to decrease the moisture level. Alternate wearing different pairs of shoes to allow them to dry out for a day or two at a time.
context: A quick stroll down the food aisles of a pet store can be a lot for pet owners to take in: There are tons of different types of cat and dog food out there. What should you consider as you make the best choice for your furry friends? First, make sure you give your pet a food that’s intended for that particular animal. Dogs and cats need different kinds of nutrients, so what works for Fluffy is not good for Fido. You’ll also find that pet food packages have a lot of useful information. Check the bag, box, or can for the nutritional statement from the Association of American Feed Control Officials ( AAFCO), which will say that the food is complete and balanced. The organization has developed nutrition standards for pets’ different life stages that include growth (for kittens and puppies), pregnancy and lactation, and adulthood. Cats are meat eaters and need diets that are high in animal protein. Your cat should not become a vegetarian, because she needs amino acids like taurine, arginine, methionine, and tyrosine that come from an animal source. The food you choose for your cat should also have fat, which provides energy and vitamins A, D, and E. Your dog must have water, protein, fat, carbs, and some vitamins and minerals to be healthy. The amount of food he needs will depend on his size and how active he is. Ask your vet to help you figure out how much to give and what kind of food would be best. Animals that are pregnant or have recently given birth will need a high-calorie food. Cats often lose weight as they nurse their kittens, so they need to gain as much as 50% of their pre-pregnancy weight before they give birth. Kittens and puppies typically drink their mother’s milk until they are 7 to 8 weeks old. You can introduce small amounts of kitten or puppy food around 3 or 4 weeks. Be sure to give your young pets specially formulated food, because as they grow, cats and dogs need extra nutrients and calories. When they are 1 year old, you can begin to give your cat or dog adult food. Really big dogs, like Great Danes and mastiffs, may continue to grow until they’re 18 months old, so they should eat puppy food for longer. Your cat or dog may have different nutritional needs as they get older. In general, pets can be considered “senior” when they are around 7 years old. Large dogs age more quickly and may enter their senior years when they are 6 years old. You’ll want to take your senior pet to the vet for a thorough checkup more often. While you’re there, ask for advice about food. Your cat or dog might be among the many pets in the U. S. that need to lose weight. However, in older animals, weight loss can also be a problem. Food for senior pets can be easier to digest, have different ingredients and nutrients, and help with weight control.
context: A nose job (technically called a rhinoplasty) is surgery on the nose to change its shape or improve its function. It can be done for medical reasons -- such as to correct breathing problems related to the nose or correct disfigurement resulting from trauma or birth defects. It can also be done for cosmetic reasons, which will change the nose's shape and appearance. If you are thinking about getting a nose job, set up an appointment with your surgeon to discuss it. During that meeting, talk about your goals and tell the doctor what bothers you about your nose and how you would like to change it. Keep in mind that there is no such thing as a perfect nose. Surgery, though, can enhance facial features and emphasize your unique and natural beauty. A plastic surgeon can describe the facial features that make you unique and tell you how changes would enhance your appearance. The surgeon will evaluate the structures of your nose and other facial features. After this evaluation, he or she can tell you if your expectations are realistic. The surgeon will also consider your overall health and should discuss with you the risks, recovery time, and costs involved. There are various techniques for reshaping the nose. Once you decide to go ahead, your surgeon should describe exactly what he or she proposes to do. If you have health insurance, make sure you talk to your insurer in advance so you know what's covered and what you will need to pay for. Health insurance typically does not pay for procedures that are done only for cosmetic reasons. A nose job is usually done as an outpatient procedure, meaning there is no overnight stay. You'll get general or local anesthesia. With general anesthesia, you'll sleep through the operation. With local anesthesia, you will be sedated and your nose will be numbed so you are relaxed and unable to feel the pain. During an operation, the surgeon makes cuts within the nostrils. In more difficult cases, the surgeon may also make cuts across the base of the nose. The surgeon then reshapes the inner bone and cartilage to produce a more pleasing appearance. After a nose job, people usually wear a nasal splint for the first week. You can expect swelling and some bruising around the eyes after surgery that will begin to improve after the third day. It can, though, last up to two weeks. Expect your nose to have a little swelling, which probably only you and your surgeon will notice. This will go away over the next six months. The final shape of your nose will be apparent after it has completely healed. You should avoid strenuous activity for three to six weeks after surgery. You may return to your social activities as soon as within two to three weeks without any recognizable signs that you had a procedure done.
context: Ultrasound is a painless procedure that uses sound waves to make images of the inside of your body. The sound waves bounce off surfaces in your body, and the "echoes" are recorded and transformed into video or photographs. It's often used in addition to mammography to tell whether a lump in a breast is a cyst (a fluid-filled sac) or a solid mass, which might be cancer. Ultrasound can also help pinpoint the position of a tumor. This guides the doctor to the exact place to insert a needle during a biopsy. Ultrasound is safe, and there are no side effects. It doesn't use radiation like X-rays do. You really don't need to do to anything to prepare for a breast ultrasound. You'll be asked to change into a hospital gown, so you may consider wearing a two-piece outfit on the day of the test so that you only need to remove your top. You'll lie on a padded examining table during the test. A small amount of water-soluble gel is applied to the skin over the area to be examined. The gel doesn't harm your skin or stain your clothes. A probe that looks like a little paddle is gently applied against the skin. You may be asked to hold your breath briefly several times. The test takes about 10-20 minutes to complete. After the test, the gel will be wiped off your skin. You'll doctor will let you know the results and if you need further testing.
context: High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. The only way to tell whether you have high blood pressure is to perform a quick, painless measurement using a device called a sphygmomanometer. This instrument consists of a gauge and a rubber cuff that's placed around your arm or leg and inflated. The person taking your blood pressure wraps the cuff around your upper arm. Some cuffs go around the forearm or wrist, but often they're not as accurate. Your doctor or nurse will use a stethoscope to listen for the appearance and disappearance of sound produced by the pulse in your elbow region. That's how the systolic and diastolic blood pressures are determined. She'll inflate the cuff to a pressure higher than your systolic blood pressure, and it will tighten around your arm. Then she'll release it. As the cuff deflates, the first sound she hears through the stethoscope is the systolic blood pressure. It sounds like a whooshing noise. The point where this noise goes away marks the diastolic blood pressure. In a blood pressure reading, the systolic number always comes first, and then the diastolic number. A normal range is "120 over 80," written as 120/80. A high blood pressure reading would be 130/80 or higher.
context: Multiple chemical sensitivity can include a wide range of symptoms, which some people link to their environment. It's also known as âenvironmental illness,â "sick building syndrome,â or â MCS.â Your doctor may call it âidiopathic environmental intolerance.â The symptoms people report are wide-ranging. They include headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, congestion, itching, sneezing, sore throat, chest pain, changes in heart rhythm, breathing problems, muscle pain or stiffness, skin rash, diarrhea, bloating, gas, confusion, trouble concentrating, memory problems, and mood changes. Possible triggers that set off people's symptoms vary a lot, too. They include tobacco smoke, auto exhaust, perfume, insecticide, new carpet, chlorine, and more. Those feelings are real. But they can happen for many reasons. The question is whether MCS is an illness. Health experts don't agree on that. The American Medical Association doesn't consider multiple chemical sensitivity to be an illness. There is no question that high doses of some chemicals make people sick and that irritants such as pollution and cigarette smoke worsen conditions like asthma. How very low levels of chemical exposure affect people isn't clear. Some doctors suggest it's an immune response similar to allergies. Others say that the symptoms stem from an extreme sensitivity to certain smells. It's possible that conditions such as depression and anxiety play a role, too. In some cases, people point to a major event, like a chemical spill. Or they may link their symptoms to contact with low levels of chemicals at work, such as if their office has poor ventilation. Some say that levels of exposure generally considered safe for most people can have an effect on a few. There are no reliable tests to diagnose multiple chemical sensitivity, and there are no effective or proven treatments. Some doctors prescribe antidepressants, including â SSRIsâ (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) such as citalopram ( Celexa), fluoxetine ( Prozac), and paroxetine ( Paxil). Other people find that medicines for anxiety and sleep help. It may also help to treat specific symptoms, such as headaches. People often find solutions on their own. Some learn from experience that certain foods or chemicals seem to make their symptoms worse. Avoiding those things may help. But going on very strict diets, avoiding any possible allergens and pollutants, or even quitting your job are a big burden. Before you spend time and money on specialized treatment, or a home renovation to remove possible triggers, look into the research. It's natural to want relief. But you want to make sure there's evidence that shows a medical benefit. Avoid tests or treatments that are expensive, unproven, or could cause harm. You'll want to go to a doctor you trust, who is compassionate, and who wants to help you get back to your normal life. Both of you should be cautious but keep an open mind about all the possible causes of your symptoms and the many treatment options. Together, you can find a safe way to feel better.
context: There's a lot you can do to lower your chances of getting lung cancer. The No. 1 thing to do is to not smoke and to avoid other people's secondhand smoke. If you've never smoked cigarettes, your risk of lung cancer is low. If you currently smoke, especially if you are a heavy smoker, your odds of developing lung cancer can be 30 times higher than the risk for a nonsmoker. How long you've smoked also matters. You'll also want to avoid other things that put you at risk: Radon gas. This is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas that soil and rock can give off. It can seep up through the foundation and build up inside well-insulated homes. Asbestos . It's a risk if you work with it. Lung cancer runs in some families, but since you can't change that, focus on the things that you do control. Although you can't prevent every case, you can take steps to reduce your risk. If you smoke, make it your top priority to quit. It's hard to do. And it often takes several tries before you kick the habit for good. The problem is nicotine is highly addictive. Still, thousands of people do quit successfully, making lung cancer less likely. You can talk to your doctor about the most effective ways to quit. Avoid beta-carotene supplements. Studies show that it can make lung cancer more likely in people who smoke. Check your home for radon. Most hardware stores carry an inexpensive and easy-to-use kit that accurately measures radon levels. Exercise and eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables . These healthy habits will lower your risk of several forms of cancer, as well as heart disease and diabetes.
context: If you find that your eczema flares up right before a big presentation or in the middle of tax season, it's no coincidence. Experts have known for years that stress can make the skin condition worse. When you're tense, your body tries to protect your skin by boosting inflammation there. If you already have it because of eczema, that boost will make your symptoms worse. The key is to try to manage your stress. It might be one of the best ways to help keep your disease in check. Here are seven tips to get the tension in your life under control. 1. Get enough sleep. A good night's rest can lower your stress. But it's not always easy to sleep when your skin is itchy. If eczema is keeping you up at night, talk with your doctor about how to get a better handle on your symptoms. You can try taking an antihistamine before bed. This type of medicine can ease itching, and it can make you sleepy. 2. Find support. Your skin condition can add to your daily stress. You might feel like you just can't get comfortable. It helps to talk with other people who have the same problem and know what you're going through. They might even have advice on new things you can try to feel better. Look for support groups for eczema online or find one that meets in your community. 3. Learn to relax. From deep breathing to yoga and guided imagery, there are many ways to wind down. What works for you may be different than what helps other people relax. So explore your options. You can try progressive relaxation or listening to a relaxation CD. Or take a few minutes each day to write about what you're feeling. You can rip up the paper or delete the file when you're done. 4. Get some exercise. It's one of the best stress-busters around. Whether you like walking, swimming, or playing tennis, exercise can make you feel better overall. But if sweat is a trigger for your eczema, take a cool or lukewarm shower soon after your workout to wash it off. 5. Talk about it. If your stress comes from deeper problems with your marriage, family, or job, you may want to meet with a counselor or therapist. Sometimes just talking about your problems with someone can help. In some cases, a mental health professional can also prescribe medication that can help with stress and anxiety. 6. Do something you enjoy. Whether it's playing sports, reading a book, or going to church, doing something you like can take your mind off your stress and make you feel good. 7. Ask for help. If you can't seem to control your stress or your eczema, make an appointment with your doctor. She can talk to you about other treatments or support resources that can help.
context: You think the food poisoning may be from seafood or wild mushrooms. The person is severely dehydrated. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } 1. Control Nausea and Vomiting Avoid solid foods until vomiting ends. Then eat light, bland foods, such as saltine crackers, bananas, rice, or bread. Sipping liquids may help avoid vomiting. Don't eat fried, greasy, spicy, or sweet foods. Don't take anti-nausea or anti-diarrhea medication without asking your doctor. They have side effects and may make some kinds of diarrhea worse. Your doctor may give you anti-nausea medication if you are at risk of being dehydrated. 2. Prevent Dehydration Drink clear fluids, starting with small sips and gradually drinking more. If vomiting and diarrhea last more than 24 hours, drink an oral rehydration solution. 3. When to Call a Doctor Call a doctor immediately if symptoms last more than 3 days or you have: Severe belly pain Fever Bloody diarrhea or dark stools Vomiting that is prolonged or bloody Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, decreased urination, dizziness, fatigue, or increased heart rate or breathing rate
context: When your body attacks your nervous system, it's often diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. But when it happens just one time, that's considered clinically isolated syndrome. The two conditions have the same symptoms -- including muscle weakness and problems with balance. But people with MS have had two or more episodes of symptoms. Those with CIS have had only one. Until a few years ago, doctors told people who had one flare that they had âpossible MS.â While CIS can develop into multiple sclerosis, that doesn't always happen. Treatments can ease your symptoms or help you in other ways. CIS symptoms can happen in one part of your body or in different areas at the same time. Common ones include: Numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, or face Slurred speech Blurred vision or other eye problems Muscle weakness Vertigo or dizziness Problems with balance or walking Stiffness or muscle spasms Fatigue Pain Poor memory Depression or mood swings Bladder, bowel, or sexual problems If the symptoms last for at least 24 hours, and other conditions are ruled out, a doctor is likely to diagnose you with CIS. Stroke, Lyme disease, and blood vessel problems also have similar symptoms. Your doctor might take a sample of your spinal fluid and do an MRI test to find out if there's been any damage to your central nervous system. When you have CIS, your body attacks and damages the protective coating around your nerves, called myelin. That keeps your nerves from sending signals the way they should. It's what causes your symptoms. Doctors aren't sure why the body attacks itself this way. Some think a virus could be to blame, but the exact cause of CIS is unknown. Women and people between the ages of 20 and 40 have a higher risk of getting the condition. There's no way to know for sure, but an MRI can give your doctor a better idea. If the scan shows brain lesions, your chances of getting MS in the next few years are higher. If the MRI shows no lesions, your risk is small. The symptoms of a CIS flare don't last long. Your doctor may prescribe steroids or other medications for relief. She may want to do another MRI 3 or 6 months after your diagnosis to check for new lesions. If you have lesions and your doctor thinks you're likely to eventually have MS, she might prescribe you medication to treat multiple sclerosis. Some are pills, and others are drugs you inject. They have side effects, so talk to your doctor about what's right for you. When started early, meds can help cut the number of brain lesions you have or how many attacks you'll have in the future. Research suggests these drugs may also help delay or prevent MS.
context: If you have MS, a few adjustments to your home can help you finish tasks safely and easily. Here's a room-by-room guide: Get a portable ramp that goes over the threshold of your front doorway so you don't have to go up steps. You can also buy a keyless entry lock and electric door opener. They open the door for you when you press a keypad or remote control. Inside your house, replace door knobs with lever-style handles. They're easier to turn. Save your energy when preparing food. Use stools or chairs that are high enough to let you sit at your countertop while you cook or use the sink. You can reduce your meal prep time by using a food processor, blender, or microwave oven. Look for kitchen aids that make preparing meals easier and safer. Get non-skid mats for counters so your bowls and cutting board won't slide around. You can also buy lightweight cookware that's easy to pick up and carry from the stove to the counter. These tools can also help with meal prep: Utensils with easy-grip handles Grabbers to help you reach items on high shelves Electric can opener Rocker knives to help you cut food with less effort To make your lounging area comfy and safe, get raised chair or lift cushions. They can help you get in and out of your seat more easily. Avoid throw rugs because they can add to your risk of falling. If you do get them, make sure they are non-skid. Use extension cords that let you plug in lamps and gadgets without reaching for the outlet, but make sure they're not in the path where you walk. Find ways to save your energy when you move to another area of your home: Put handrails on both sides of the stairs. Get a stair lift if you can't get up and down stairs on your own. Install night lights with motion sensors along stairs, hallways, and throughout your home. A gadget called an ECU (environmental control unit) lets you adjust the heat or air-conditioning with the push of a button. You can also use it to turn on the lights and open and close the drapes. Some other equipment to consider: A bed that raises and lowers by pushing a button Button and zipper hooks, a long-handle shoehorn, and sock aids to help you put on and fasten clothing A bedside commode so you don't have to walk to the bathroom in the middle of the night Some simple adjustments can make washing up easier and safer. Look for combs and toothbrushes with easy-grip handles. Also install equipment such as: Lever faucet handles that are simple to turn Tub bench or shower chair so you can sit while you wash Handheld shower head that reaches down to you Non-skid surfaces in the shower or tub to prevent falls Consider making these changes to your toilet: A raised or adjustable toilet seat A bidet toilet attachment to help you get clean after you use the toilet " Bottom Buddy" tool that holds the toilet paper while you wipe and releases it into the toilet after you finish
context: Several conditions may be confused with, or appear along with, ADHD. Those suspected of having ADHD should have a complete evaluation, including a physical examination, to help determine exactly what is contributing to the problematic behaviors. Among the possible causes of ADHD-like behavior are: A sudden life change (such as divorce, a death in the family, or moving) Undetected seizures Thyroid problems Lead toxicity Sleep problems Anxiety Depression Learning disabilities Drug or alcohol use It is also quite common for other medical conditions to occur along with ADHD. In fact, it has been estimated that nearly 75% of adults with ADHD have another condition that complicates the diagnosis and management of the ADHD. For example, some studies have shown: Mood disorders, like depression and bipolar disorder, exist in 19% to 37% of adults with ADHD. Anxiety problems exist in 25% to 50% of adults with ADHD. Alcohol abuse exists in 32% to 53% of adults with ADHD. Other types of substance abuse, including marijuana and cocaine use, occur in 8% to 32% of adults with ADHD. Twenty percent of adults with ADHD also have learning disabilities, particularly problems like dyslexia. For children with ADHD, academic difficulties are common. Other problems among children include: Learning disabilities; data from the 1997-98 National Health Interview Survey suggests roughly half of children ages 6-11 may also have a learning disorder. Conduct and oppositional defiant disorder which manifest as disruptive or even criminal behavior Depression and anxiety Relationship problems with peers; estimates are as high as 21% of the number of children with ADHD (versus 2% of children without ADHD) whose behavior interferes with friendships. This may result in depression, anxiety, substance abuse problems, and delinquency as teenagers.
context: When you look in the mirror, do you see sleepy-looking eyes? Maybe your upper eyelids sag a little or cover your pupil. It could be ptosis, which is a fancy way to say "drooping." The main sign: One or both eyelids droop. It isn't painful, but it can block your sight. You may have to tip your head back and lift your chin to see better. Or you might have to arch your eyebrows to lift your lids. Over time, these moves may affect your head and neck. If your child has it, he could also develop amblyopia, or "lazy eye." That's poor sight in an eye that didn't develop normally during childhood. This might happen if the lid droops so much it blocks vision or makes things look blurry. Treat it early in childhood so it doesn't cause long-term vision loss. You can get it several ways. Sometimes, babies are born with it. You could get ptosis as an adult when the nerves that control your eyelid muscles are damaged. It might follow an injury or disease that weakens the muscles and ligaments that raise your eyelids. Sometimes, it comes with age. The skin and muscles around your eyes get weaker. Surgery -- like LASIK or cataract surgery -- can stretch your eyelid. An eye tumor can cause ptosis, too. If it doesn't affect your vision, your doctor may decide not to treat it. Often, doctors won't treat children with ptosis. Your child's doctor will check his eyes regularly. He'll probably treat amblyopia with drops, patches, or glasses. And he'll watch the eye to see if your child needs surgery as he gets older. For adults, treatment usually does mean surgery. Your doctor may remove extra skin and tuck the muscle that lifts the lid. Or he may reattach and strengthen that muscle. You may also be able to wear glasses with a special crutch built in. It lifts your eyelids so you can see better. That helps you avoid surgery. Ptosis can cause problems when you drive, read, or even walk up and down stairs. If that happens, go to your doctor. Treat any other eye issues that could cause more problems. Think about surgery if your doctor suggests it for vision loss caused by ptosis. For teens, surgery can improve not just vision, but self-esteem. Children with ptosis should see an eye doctor regularly.
context: Most of us start life with smooth, unmarked, even-toned skin. But our âbirthday suitsâ take on more color and texture with every passing year. Spots, blotches, and wrinkles that show up over time are really signs of the sun's damage to your skin. So is a suntan. The sun's beams bring out a chemical in your body associated with melanin, which darkens your skin, part of an effort to protect it. Other kinds of damage aren't as easy to spy. Your regular doctor or one who treats skin problems, called a dermatologist, can examine you from head to toe to look for clues. Here are some of the most common signs of sun damage: Sunburns may last only a few days, but they add up to skin problems later in life. When you have a mild sunburn, your skin turns red and feels painful and warm to the touch. You may be itchy, and your skin may peel. Blisters mean you have a bad burn. See a doctor if you have severe pain or a fever of 101 F or higher for longer than 48 hours. Actinic keratoses are scaly, rough patches of skin or raised bumps that look like warts or horns. They usually show up on your face, scalp, ears, neck, arms, and hands. They can be dark tan, red, pink, or the same color as your skin, and they can come and go. Sometimes they itch. Your doctor will want to watch for changes in these spots and maybe even remove them. Up to 10% can turn into skin cancer. Actinic cheilitis is a form of actinic keratosis on your lips. If they're always dry or split or you have a white, scaly spot on your bottom lip, let your doctor know. Age spots, also called liver spots or lentigines, might look like extra-large freckles. These discolored areas, which can be as big as a quarter, tend to get darker and show up more often with age. A spot that was tan when you first noticed it in your 30s can turn brown and then dark brown in your 40s and 50s. Keep an eye on these spots, and tell your doctor if you notice changes in texture, a raised surface, more than one color within the spot, sudden darkening, or an oddly shaped border. Atypical moles are very common, but it's important to watch for changes to them. If you have one that grows, has an irregular border or uneven surface, changes color, itches, bleeds, or gets darker, it's time for a trip to the doctor's office. Rosacea can be another way the sun affects you. Sun rays are powerful enough to harm the small blood vessels under your skin. So when you blush or flush, fluid leaks out and causes red blotches and bumps on your face. It usually comes and goes at first, but the condition can stick around over time. It's most common in white women between the ages 30 and 60. Wrinkles, laugh lines, crow's feet -- whatever you call them, they're a sign of your time in the sun. Exposure to sunlight, even long ago, frays the fibers that prop up firm skin. It speeds the wrinkling process and may give you sags and droops beyond your years. Poikiloderma of Civatte, also known as sun aging, is a condition that colors the skin on your neck and cheeks a reddish-brown. It can come along with burning, itching, and extra sensitivity, too. If you suspect this problem, have a doctor look at it.
context: var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Stress can affect your whole body, including your hair, nails, and skin. Since stress is a part of life, what matters is how you handle it. Stress causes a chemical response in your body that makes skin more sensitive and reactive. It can also make it harder for skin problems to heal. Have you ever noticed that you break out more when you're stressed? This is because stress causes your body to make hormones like cortisol, which tells glands in your skin to make more oil. Oily skin is more prone to acne and other skin problems. Stress can also: Make skin problems worse. For example, stress can aggravate psoriasis, rosacea, and eczema. It can also cause hives and other types of skin rashes and trigger a flare-up of fever blisters. Interfere with daily skin care. If you're stressed, you might skimp on this part of your routine, which can aggravate skin issues. It can also be stressful to have problems with your skin. Some people feel so bad about how it looks that they keep to themselves, which adds more stress. If you have an issue that doesn't heal or keeps coming back, rethink how you handle stress. You probably can't avoid stress completely, but you can try ways to handle it better. Try these approaches: Don't neglect your skin. Take care of it, even if you're tired or stressed. Get regular exercise. It's good for your skin and the rest of your body. Take time for yourself to do something you enjoy, even if you only have 10 minutes. Take a bath or read a book. Take a walk around the block. Practice stress management techniques, such as breathing exercises, yoga, meditation, or visual imagery. Get enough sleep. Seven to 8 hours each night is ideal. Say no. It's OK to set limits and boundaries to lower your stress. Talk to someone. Seek support from a friend or a professional therapist.
context: Has sudden hives with swelling in the face, difficulty breathing or coughing, dizziness, or fainting Has hives after being exposed to a substance that caused a serious allergic reaction before Develops hives after a bee sting, new medication, or exposure to a highly allergenic food, such as peanuts You have any concerns The hives seem severe Home treatment isn't helping An antihistamine formulated for children may help with swelling and itching. Call a pediatrician before using an antihistamine in infants or toddlers. If the hives are on one part of your child's body, they may have been triggered by something that got on her skin. Wash off your child's body with soap and water. Change your child's clothes. Apply calamine lotion, 1% hydrocortisone cream, or a mixture of baking soda and water for itch. Put your child in a cool bath for 10 minutes. Put a cold compress or cold pack on itchy areas. If your child's symptoms seem to be getting worse, call a doctor.
context: As far as viruses go, hepatitis C is among the sneakiest. Once it's in your blood, it travels to your liver, where it may settle in for a silent, long-term stay. This can lead to cancer or cause the organ to fail if you don't treat it. In fact, hepatitis C is the top reason for liver transplants in the U. S. If you think you've been exposed, here are five reasons to get tested right away: A simple blood test can tell if you've ever had the virus. The results usually come back in a few days, but some clinics have rapid versions that can be read in as little as 20 minutes. If it comes back negative, but there's a chance you were exposed in the last 6 months, get tested again. If the first results are positive, you had hepatitis C at some point. A second test will check to see if the original case cleared up or became chronic (as it does in most people). If it's chronic, you'll need to see a doctor who specializes in treating the disease. You can pass the hepatitis C virus to others through your blood, even if you don't have any symptoms. To prevent this, cover wounds carefully and avoid sharing: Razors, nail clippers, toothbrushes, or diabetes supplies Needles for injecting drugs, or steroids Tools for body piercings or tattoos Hepatitis C doesn't spread through kissing, coughing, sneezing, or sharing eating utensils. It's rare, but you can get it from unprotected sex. Hepatitis C is treated with a combination of medications called antivirals. For many people, they get rid of the virus completely. They do have serious side effects and they don't work for everyone. New drugs recently approved by the FDA are more effective and have fewer side effects. But some are expensive. According to the CDC, out of every 100 people with hepatitis C: 60-70 will develop chronic liver disease. Up to 20 will get cirrhosis, a dangerous scarring of the liver. 1-5 will die from liver cancer or liver failure. Getting tested and treated early can stop the hepatitis C virus from triggering cirrhosis or cancer. Your doctor will be able to keep an eye out for signs of liver trouble. He can start treatment before you serious damage starts.
context: People with multiple sclerosis often have trouble sleeping soundly, but the problems may not be due to the disease itself. Stress, spasticity in arms or legs, inactivity, or depression that can come along with MS can interfere with a good night's rest. In some cases, MS lesions at certain spots within the brain may also keep someone from sleeping normally. Whatever the cause of your sleep issues, some simple fixes may help you get more shut-eye. Talk to your doctor about your problem. She can help you figure out how to solve it and get back to better Zzz's. If a medical problem like spasticity, bladder trouble, or depression is keeping you awake, talk to your doctor about treatments that relieve those conditions. A consistent bedtime routine can also be a big help. Try these tips: Relax in the evening before you go to bed. Try to not rehash the day's problems or worry about tomorrow's schedule. If it's hard to turn your brain off, try routines that can help you wind down, like meditation or breathing exercises. Go to bed when you're tired. Try to hit the sack at about the same time every night. If you can't fall asleep after 10-15 minutes, get up. Don't lie in bed and watch the clock or count the cracks in the wall. Find something to do that's relaxing to you, such as working on a puzzle, reading, or writing a letter to a friend. Rather than watching TV, which doesn't require effort, do something active so that your natural tiredness can build up. But don't do that activity while you're in bed -- keep the sheets for sleeping and sex. Follow these tips, too: Try not to sleep during the day. If you nap, don't snooze for too long or near bedtime. Avoid caffeine and alcohol within 4-6 hours of bedtime. Don't smoke before you go to sleep or during the night. If running to the bathroom is keeping you awake, try to drink less in the evenings. Get your recommended amount of fluids during the day instead. And use the restroom right before you go to bed. Don't go to bed hungry or soon after a heavy meal. If your stomach is growling, eat a light snack or drink a glass of warm milk. Exercise regularly, preferably during the day. Avoid vigorous exercise 3 hours before bedtime. Set your alarm to wake you up at the same time every day, even on days when you're off work and on the weekends. If you still can't seem to get enough sleep, talk to your doctor. She can help you figure out what's going on. She can also refer you to a sleep specialist if necessary.
context: When you visit your doctor to see if you have pneumonia, he'll ask about your symptoms. Then he may run a number of tests to get an idea of what's going on, including: Listening to your lungs, with a stethoscope, for a crackling or bubbling sound Chest X-ray Blood test to check white blood cell count Sputum tests (using a microscope to look at the gunk you cough up) A pulse oximetry test, which measures the oxygen in your blood If an X-ray shows there's fluid around your lungs, your doctor may do a pleural fluid culture. In this test, he sticks a needle into your chest wall and takes a sample of the fluid. It's sent to a lab and checked for signs of infection. In severe cases, your doctor might also do a bronchoscopy. He'll use an instrument called a bronchoscope to look at your lung's airways. How your pneumonia is treated depends on what caused it and how bad your symptoms are. If you have bacterial pneumonia, your doctor will give you antibiotics to treat it. He'll also take steps to prevent complications. If your pneumonia was caused by a virus, time and rest are key to your recovery. Viral pneumonia usually gets better on its own in 1 to 3 weeks. But your doctor may recommend treatment that includes: Drinking lots of fluids to loosen the gunk in your lungs Lots of rest Medicines to control your fever (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) If it becomes severe, you may have to stay in the hospital for treatment. While you're there, your doctor will probably give you fluids or antibiotics through an IV tube. You may even need oxygen therapy or breathing treatments.