VivekNaga/Medicaldata huggingface dataset:
context: It's cancer that starts in your lungs and can spread to other parts of your body. Although it's the top cause of cancer deaths for U. S. men and women, it's also one of the most preventable kinds, by not smoking and avoiding other people's secondhand smoke. The disease almost always starts in the spongy, pinkish gray walls of the lungs' airways (called bronchi or bronchioles) or air sacs (called alveoli). There are more than 20 kinds. The two main types are non-small cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer. At first, you may not have any symptoms. Adenocarcinoma is the most common kind of this. It makes up 40% of all lung cancer cases. It mainly happens in people who smoke (or who used to). And it's also the No. 1 type of lung cancer among non-smokers. More women get it than men. People with this type tend to be younger than those with other kinds. Adenocarcinoma can spread to the lymph nodes, bones, or other organs such as the liver. Squamous cell carcinoma usually starts in the lung's largest branches, which doctors call the âcentral bronchi.â This type accounts for 30% of lung cancers, and it's more common in men and people who smoke. It may form a cavity within the tumor. It often involves the larger airways. It may make you cough up some blood. Squamous cell carcinoma can also spread to the lymph nodes, bones, and other organs such as the liver. Large-cell carcinomas are a group of cancers with large cells that tend to start along the lungs' outer edges. They're rarer than adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, making up 10%-15% of lung cancers. This type of tumor can grow faster and often spreads to nearby lymph nodes and distant parts of the body. This is the most aggressive form of the disease. It usually starts in the lungs' large, central bronchi. Almost all people who get it are smokers. It spreads quickly, often before symptoms appear. Many times, it spreads to the liver, bone, and brain. The outlook for someone with lung cancer depends on a lot of things, including what type they have, their overall health, and how advanced the disease is when doctors find it. Smoking is the biggest reason. It's responsible for about 85% of all cases. Quitting cuts the risk. Former smokers are still slightly more likely to get it than nonsmokers. There are also other reasons. Some genetic glitches may put some people at higher risk. Secondhand tobacco smoke is also a cause. People who live with someone who smokes are 20% to 30% more likely to get lung cancer than those who live in a smoke-free home. Some other chemicals are risky, too. People who work with asbestos or are exposed to uranium dust or the radioactive gas radon are more likely to get lung cancer, especially if they smoke. Lung tissue that was scarred by a disease or infection, such as scleroderma or tuberculosis, becomes at risk for tumors in that tissue. Doctors call this a scar carcinoma. Some researchers think that diet may also influence your risk. But that's not clear yet.
context: Blisters from spider bites, chicken pox, shingles, cold sores, and chronic health conditions need special treatment. Try not to pop or drain it. Leave it uncovered or cover loosely with a bandage. Try not to put pressure on the area. If the blister is in a pressure area such as the bottom of the foot, put a donut-shaped moleskin on it. Wash the area with warm water and gentle soap. Do not use alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or iodine. Smooth down the the skin flap that remains. Apply antibiotic ointment to the area. Cover the area loosely with a sterile bandage or gauze. To drain a blister that is large, painful, or in an awkward spot: Wash the area. Sterilize a needle with rubbing alcohol and water. Make a small hole at the edge of the blister. Gently squeeze out the fluid. Wash the blister again and pat dry. Don't remove the skin over the blister. Smooth down the skin flap. Apply antibiotic ointment. Cover the area loosely with a sterile bandage or gauze. Change the bandage daily and whenever it gets dirty or wet. Avoid wearing shoes or doing the activity that caused the blister until it heals. Wear thick socks or work gloves for blisters on the feet or hands. See a doctor for signs of infection, including pus, fever, red or warm skin around the blister, red streaks leading away from blister, swollen lymph glands, or increased pain or swelling, or if your last tetanus shot was more than 10 years ago.
context: Fibromyalgia is a non-life-threatening, chronic disorder with widespread pain as its main symptom. Other symptoms include fatigue, sleep disturbances, and tender points at certain parts of the body. Many people describe fibromyalgia as feeling like a persistent flu. Muscle pain, throughout the body often with tenderness at certain points, is the primary symptom of fibromyalgia. It may range from mild discomfort to pain severe enough to limit work, social activities, and everyday tasks. Pain commonly occurs in the neck, upper back, shoulders, chest, rib cage, lower back, and thighs and may feel like a burning, gnawing, throbbing, stabbing, or aching sensation and may develop gradually. It sometimes seems worse when a person is trying to relax and is less noticeable during activity. A related, key aspect of fibromyalgia is the presence of "tender points," muscles and tendons that are tender when pressed. Typically, tender points are located in the neck, back, knee, shoulder, elbow, and hip. People with fibromyalgia also feel moderately to severely fatigued and have sleep problems, including insomnia. People with fibromyalgia may also experience other problems including headaches, memory or concentration problems, and irritable bowel syndrome. Experts estimate that at least 5 million American adults have fibromyalgia. Of these, up to 90% are women. Fibromyalgia also seems to run in families, so a gene may be at least partly responsible for the condition. Most people with fibromyalgia begin to notice symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40, but children and older adults may also develop the condition. Problems in the processing of pain by the brain and nerves is believed to be the underlying reason for fibromyalgia. However, experts do not know what causes this. There are several theories about possible causes or triggers. Inadequate sleep is a possible trigger. Another is suffering physical or emotional trauma. Some experts believe that an infection or other illness may play a part.
context: Nasal steroid sprays are available over the counter or by prescription. They are one of the first treatments recommended for nasal allergies. Flonase, Nasacort Allergy 24 HR, and Rhinocort are available over the counter. Examples of prescription steroid nasal sprays include Beconase, Dymista, Nasarel, Nasonex, Qnasl, Vancenase, Veramyst, and Zetonna. How steroid nasal sprays work: These drugs decrease inflammation within the nasal passages, thereby relieving nasal symptoms. Who should not use these medications: Individuals who are allergic to any components of these nasal sprays should not use them. Use: Gently shake the container. Blow the nose to clear the nostrils. Close (pinch) one nostril, and insert nasal applicator into the other nostril. Tilt your head forward and aim to the back of your nose. Press the applicator to release the spray. Then you can sniff gently. If you feel that you are tasting the spray, then you are probably sniffing in too much. Apply the prescribed number of sprays and repeat with the other nostril. Side effects: These sprays may cause nasal irritation, nosebleed or sore throat.
context: If you've been diagnosed with breast cancer, doctors will need to know if the cancer has spread beyond your breast. To find this out, they'll remove one or more of your lymph nodes under the arm on the side where the cancer was found. This is called lymph node biopsy and dissection. The procedure has two main purposes. It allows the surgeon to figure out what stage the cancer is in by learning how far it has spread. It removes the breast cancer that may have spread into the armpit. There are two ways for doctors to remove and test lymph nodes: Sentinel node biopsy. The surgeon injects a special blue dye, a radioactive substance, or both into your breast in the area of the tumor. That helps him determine which lymph nodes are the first to receive drainage from the breast -- these nodes would potentially be the first to be invaded by cancer cells. One to three sentinel nodes are usually removed and tested for cancer. If the results are negative, the cancer hasn't spread to the lymph nodes. Axillary node dissection. At least six of the lymph nodes under your arm are removed and sent to a lab to be checked for cancer. This method is a very reliable way to check the extent of your cancer. But it can take a while to recover, and it can have complications like lymphedema (swelling of the arm) or nerve damage. If you have an axillary node dissection, a drain will be placed under your arm to remove fluids that may build up and cause swelling. Then the wound is then closed. After the procedure, you'll likely need to stay in the hospital 1 to 2 nights. If you had reconstructive surgery at the same time, your stay may be longer. You may go home with the drain in place. Your doctor will remove it a few days later. It's common to have some swelling. You can take pain medication as needed. Complete healing takes about 6 weeks. A physical therapist can teach you simple exercises to relieve muscle soreness and tightness. Your surgeon may suggest more intense exercises after the stitches are out. Before you have surgery, get a good understanding of what's going to happen and what you might expect. Print out these Questions to Ask. Make sure your doctor gives you: Specific instructions to follow in the days before surgery An overview of the surgical procedure Information about recovery and follow-up care After surgery, watch for warning signs of an infection or swelling in your arm or hand. Call your doctor immediately if you see a buildup of fluid, redness, or other symptoms of infection.
context: You've passed your 40th birthday, and you're having trouble reading or seeing objects up close. Maybe you've tried to carry store-bought readers around with you, but your eye doctor suggests progressive lenses. Should you take the plunge? Progressive lenses have three prescriptions in one pair of glasses. That allows you to do close-up work (like reading a book), middle-distance work (like checking out a website on a computer), or distance viewing (like driving) without needing to change your glasses. They're sometimes called multifocal lenses. Progressive lenses are an update on bifocal and trifocal lenses. Both of these more traditional types of glasses have telltale lines in the lenses. Progressives have a seamless look. Sometimes they're called "no-line bifocals," but that's not quite right. It would be more accurate to call progressive lenses "no-line trifocals." Almost anyone with a vision problem can wear these lenses, but they're only needed for people ages 40 and older whose vision blurs when they're doing close-up work like reading or sewing. This condition is called presbyopia. It's a natural part of getting older. Even people who are nearsighted and over 40 may find that their near vision blurs when they wear glasses for distances. Talk to your doctor to see if progressives are an option for you. With progressive lenses, you won't need to have more than one pair of glasses with you. You don't need to swap between your reading and regular glasses. Vision with progressives can seem natural. If you switch from viewing something up close to something far away, you won't get a "jump" like you would with bifocals or trifocals. So if you're driving, you can look at your dashboard, at the road, or at a sign in the distance with a smooth transition. They look like regular glasses. In one study, people who wore traditional bifocals were given progressive lenses to try. The study's author said most made the switch for good. It takes time to adjust to progressives. You need to train yourself to look out of the lower part of the lens when you're reading, to look straight ahead for distance, and to look somewhere between the two spots for middle distance or computer work. Some people never adjust, but most do. During the learning period, you may feel dizzy and nauseas from looking through the wrong section of lens. There may also be some distortion of your peripheral vision (what you see on the edges when looking straight ahead). Another thing to consider is the cost. Progressive lenses cost at least $100 more than traditional bifocals. If you decide to try them, use these tips: Choose a quality optical shop that can guide you through the process, help you pick a good frame, and make sure the lenses are perfectly centered over your eyes. Poorly fitted progressives are a common reason why people can't adapt to them. Give yourself one or two weeks to adjust to them. Some people may need as long as a month. Make sure you understand your eye doctor's instructions on how to use them. Wear your new lenses as often as possible and stop wearing your other glasses. It will make the adjustment quicker.
context: The feeling is all-too-familiar to the estimated 31 million Americans who live with back pain: Your back is out. Again. But what exactly does that mean? The feeling is hard to describe: For you, it may be a twinge that causes tenderness and discomfort. Or, the pain might be so intense that it hurts to make even the slightest movement. It can be concentrated in a specific area or spread out. You might feel achiness, numbness and tingling in your butt and legs. You can lower your chances of throwing your back out by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. That means getting regular exercise, losing weight, and reducing stress. And if you smoke, you should quit. You can also protect your back by not lifting heavy objects. If you can't avoid it, be sure lift the right way: Bend your knees and keep your back straight. It will keep you from pulling something or hurting your back. It's hard to know if or when your back will go out. It could happen while you're moving furniture or shoveling snow. But even something as simple as sneezing or bending over to tie your shoe could trigger back spasms. When it happens, there are some simple things you can do to relieve your pain. When it hurts to move, rest might seem like the right thing to do. But sitting still for too long might make the problem worse. To keep your back muscles from losing tone: Lie down for no more than a few hours at a time. When lying on your back, put pillows under your knees. If you're lying on your side, put the pillows between your knees . This will help to relieve pressure. Get back to your normal daily activities as soon as possible. Put an ice pack on your back for 10 to 20 minutes to reduce nerve activity, pain, and swelling. And be sure to wrap the ice pack in a towel to protect your skin. Studies show that it can provide short-term pain relief. A hot shower, bath or heating pad can help relax tense muscles and reduce inflammation. But if you use a heating pad, be careful. Don't set it on âhighâ or fall asleep with it on your skin. It could cause serious burns. Over-the-counter medications like aspirin and acetaminophen will relieve the pain. Ibuprofen and naproxen relieve pain and swelling. Your doctor may also prescribe steroids to relieve inflammation. It helps build muscle strength and can speed up recovery. Stretching and strengthening exercises, like yoga, can ease chronic low back pain. Your doctor may also suggest physical therapy to make your back and abdominal muscles (your âcoreâ) stronger. Studies show that exercises to strengthen the muscles that support the spine can reduce pain a lot. When your back goes out, make an appointment with a massage therapist. A 2011 study found that this is an effective treatment for chronic low back pain. With these treatments, your pain should go away on its own. Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms, because they could be signs of a bigger problem: The pain lasts for more than 3 days. It moves from your back to other parts of your body. You also have fever or loss of bladder or bowel control.
context: No one knows exactly what causes ADHD, but certain things are known to play a role. ADHD runs in families. Anywhere from one-third to one-half of parents with ADHD will have a child with the disorder. There are genetic characteristics that seem to be passed down. If a parent has ADHD, a child has more than a 50% chance of having it. If an older sibling has it, a child has more than a 30% chance. Children born with a low birth weight, born premature, or whose mothers had difficult pregnancies have a higher risk of having ADHD. The same is true for children with head injuries to the frontal lobe of the brain, the area that controls impulses and emotions. Studies show that pregnant women who smoke or drink alcohol may have a higher risk of having a child with ADHD. Exposure to lead, PCBs, or pesticides may also have a role. Researchers believe that some toxins may interfere with brain development. That, they say, could lead to hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, and trouble paying attention. Although it's been debated, research does not show that ADHD is linked to eating too much sugar or watching a lot of TV. Studies show that brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters, don't work the same in children and adults with ADHD. There also tend to be differences in the way nerve pathways work. Certain parts of the brain may be less active or smaller in children with ADHD than those without the disorder. The brain chemical dopamine may also play a role. It carries signals between nerves in the brain and is linked to movement, sleep, mood, attention, and learning.
context: Impetigo starts out as a small cluster of blisters that after a few hours breaks into a red, moist area that oozes or weeps fluid. Impetigo appears mainly on the face but also can develop on exposed areas of the arms and legs. In a few days, there is the formation of a golden or dark-yellow crust resembling grains of brown sugar. The infection may continue to spread at the edges of the infected area or affect other areas of skin. Impetigo can be spread by skin-to-skin or infected surface-to-skin (such as towels) contact. Call Your Doctor About Impetigo if: You have sores or a rash that worsens or becomes more uncomfortable. An impetigo infection needs prompt medical attention. Small, pus-filled sores form, with a dark brown crust. This indicates ecthyma, a deeper form of skin infection that penetrates into the skin. If left untreated, it may cause scarring and permanent changes in skin pigmentation. NOTE: Sores associated with impetigo may be mistaken for herpes, a viral infection. Impetigo spreads faster and never develops inside the mouth. If in doubt, see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
context: For most people, a bee sting hurts for a few hours and then gets better. If you're allergic, you may have a more serious reaction. Some people get severe swelling at the site of the sting. A few have life-threatening symptoms, even if they've never before had an allergic reaction to a bee sting. The riskiest symptoms to watch for are: Itching, hives, or swelling over a large part of your body -- not just where you got stung Face, throat or tongue starts to swell Trouble breathing Dizziness Stomach cramps Nausea or diarrhea If you have these symptoms, use an epinephrine shot ( Auvi- Q or Epi- Pen) if you carry them with you -- always have two on hand. Then call 911 immediately. You still need to go to the hospital, even if the shot seemed to work. Use the epinephrine auto-injector if you have any symptoms of anaphylaxis. Even if it turns out to be something else, using the medicine as a precaution won't harm you. If you've never had a severe reaction to a sting before, and you just have itching, redness, and swelling right around the sting site, but are otherwise OK: Cool the hurt area with ice off and on (10 minutes on, 10 minutes off). Use a towel. Don't put ice directly on your skin and don't use heat. Raise the area of the sting to reduce swelling. Take an antihistamine and use a hydrocortisone cream to ease swelling and itching. To prevent stings: Avoid wearing sandals or walking barefoot in the grass. Don't swat at or run from bees. Gently brush them away or wait for them to leave on their own. Don't drink from open soda or cans. They attract bees. Cover outdoor garbage cans with tightly fitting lids. Avoid sweet-smelling perfumes and colognes and brightly colored clothing, which attract insects. Be careful when you do yard work. Wear socks, shoes, and gloves. Use screens on doors and windows. Keep car windows closed. Wear long pants and long sleeves outdoors. If you're allergic to bee stings, ask your doctor if you should carry epinephrine shots with you. Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace. Also talk to your doctor about allergy shots, or "immunotherapy." It's a way to very slowly get your body used to an allergen, so you won't have as bad a reaction if you're stung again.
context: Choline is an essential nutrient. It helps keep the cells and nerves working normally. While choline is important for good health, most people seem to get enough from food. Getting very low levels of choline can cause liver damage. But most people get enough choline in their diets. People who get nutrition by IV (because of other diseases) are at risk for developing a liver problem called fatty liver. Although the scientific evidence is scanty, choline supplementation is used for liver disease, neurological diseases including depression, bodybuilding, and as a supplement in infant formula. Other research has shown that pregnant women who take choline supplements might have a lower risk of having children with severe birth defects. However, we need more research to know for sure. So far, studies have not found that choline helps with other conditions. These include Alzheimer's disease and other memory problems, sports performance, and schizophrenia. The Institute of Medicine says that adult women need 425 mg of choline a day in their diets for good health, and more if they're pregnant (450 mg) or breastfeeding (550 mg.) Adult men need 550 mg a day. As a supplement, there's no standard dose for choline. Ask your health care provider for advice. Choline is found in many foods, including meat, liver, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, peas, spinach, and others. Vegans may have a higher risk of low choline levels. Tell your doctor about any supplements you're taking, even if they're natural. That way, your doctor can check on any potential side effects or interactions with medications. Side effects. These may include sweating, upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Choline may also make you smell "fishy." Experts don't recommend doses over 3.5 grams daily for adults. Risks. One study found that people who got very high amounts of choline in their diets had a higher risk of colorectal cancer. But the connection isn't clear. Interactions. If you take any medicines regularly, talk to your doctor before you start using choline supplements. They could interact with drugs like methotrexate, which helps people with cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Supplements are not regulated by the FDA.
context: var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Gallbladder problems are diagnosed through various tests. These may include: Liver tests, which are blood tests that can show evidence of gallbladder disease. A check of the blood's amylase or lipase levels to look for inflammation of the pancreas. Amylase and lipase are enzymes (digestive chemicals) produced in the pancreas. A complete blood count ( CBC), which looks at levels of different types of blood cells such as white blood cells. A high white blood cell count may indicate infection. The use of ultrasound testing which uses sound waves to image and make a picture of the intra-abdominal organs including the gallbladder. A computed tomography ( CT) scan constructs a detailed X-ray images of the abdominal organs. A HIDA scan. In this test, a radioactive material called hydroxy iminodiacetic acid ( HIDA) is injected into the patient. The radioactive material is taken up by the gallbladder to measure gallbladder emptying function. This test also is referred to as cholescintigraphy. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( MRCP), which uses magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) to produce detailed pictures. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP), a procedure in which a tube is placed down the patient's throat, into the stomach, then into the small intestine. Dye is injected and the ducts of the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas can be seen on X-ray.
context: National Headache Foundation The National Headache Foundation exists to enhance the medical treatment of headache. It serves as a resource for people who suffer from headaches, physicians, allied health professionals, and the public. American Headache Society The American Headache Society is a professional society of health care providers dedicated to the study and treatment of headache and face pain. MAGNUM: The National Migraine Association Magnum: Migraine Awareness Group: A National Understanding for Migraineurs, was created to raise awareness of migraines as a neurological disease. International Headache Society ( HIS) mission is to advance headache science, education, and management, and promote headache awareness worldwide.
context: var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Croup is a condition that irritates your baby's upper airways and causes them to swell. As the airway below his vocal cords becomes narrow, your baby will find it hard to breathe. His breathing will be noisy and he'll have a cough that sounds a lot like a high-pitched seal or dog bark. His voice will also sound raspy and hoarse, especially when he cries. Croup is more common in the fall and early winter. It's more common in boys than in girls. Babies between 3 months and 5 years of age are most at risk. The condition is contagious, especially in the first few days or until your child's fever is gone. Most often, croup is caused by an infection. There are two types of this condition -- viral and spasmodic. Viral croup is caused by any virus that infects the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). The virus that most often causes croup is parainfluenza. It might start out like a cold. But over time, your child will develop a âbarkyâ cough. He also may make a high-pitched, wheezing sound in his lower airway when he breathes in. The croup sound in the upper airway is a harsh, loud sound known as âstridor.â There can be a low fever too. Spasmodic croup comes on suddenly, often in the middle of the night. Your child might wake up gasping for air. He might also be hoarse, have stridor, and a barky cough. Fever isn't common with spasmodic croup. Doctors believe it may be caused by an allergy or reflux from the stomach. That happens when contents from your baby's stomach move back up into his esophagus. No matter which type of croup it is, any time your child has difficulty breathing, retractions (when his skin pulls tight around his ribs), or stridor at rest, immediate medical attention is needed. Stridor when crying, agitated, or playing, or a barky cough is not an emergency. But if you have any concerns, go ahead and call your baby's doctor.
context: Has non-stop vomiting Cannot stand or walk due to dizziness Has symptoms inconsistent with benign positional vertigo including: A head injury Convulsions Loss of consciousness Fever Headache or stiff necksigns of stroke including change in vision, speech or moibility Have the person lie down and rest. The person should avoid sudden changes in body position. Help the person avoid abrupt head movements, especially looking up. Help the person avoid falls. If they are nauseous or throwing up, have them lie down on their side. The person should not drive or operate dangerous machinery. If they cannot walk safely, take them to the emergency room of call 911. Any new signs and symptoms of vertigo should be checked by a health care provider. The health care provider may do a neurological and/or a physical exam, hearing and balance tests, and possibly a CT or MRI scan. The most common and effective treatment is called particle repositioning maneuvers ( Epley maneuver). A form of physical therapy for the inner ear, it can be done in outpatient setting and continued at home.
context: The symptoms of Bell's palsy tend to come on all of a sudden. You may go to bed one night feeling fine. But when you look in the mirror the next morning, you see that part of your face seems to be drooping. Some people feel pain behind their ear 1-2 days before they notice any weakness. Others say that sounds seem much louder than normal in the days before they see any other symptoms. You might also notice the following things before the onset of Bell's palsy (remember that these symptoms will probably only happen on one side of your face): You're unable to close your eyelid or blink Your eye waters more or less than usual Drooling Difficulty chewing Decreased sense of taste Your facial muscles twitch Pain or numbness behind your ear Facial weakness and drooping typically reach their peak within a day or two. Most people start to feel better within a couple of weeks. They usually recover completely within 3 months. Some people who develop Bell's palsy have a longer recovery period. In rare cases, they may have some permanent symptoms.
context: Bladder cancer, like other cancers, is measured in stages. The stages describe how far your cancer has spread. This key piece of information will help you and your doctor choose the best treatment for your unique case. There are two types of stages for bladder cancer -- the clinical stage and the pathologic stage. The clinical stage is your doctor's informed opinion of how far your cancer has spread. This is based on results of a number of tests, including physical exams, imaging tests like MRIs or CT scans, and biopsies. Your doctor will use this information to plan your treatment. The pathologic stage is something your doctor determines after surgery to remove the cancer. He'll look at previous test results. He'll also examine what he found during surgery to give you an idea of how far your cancer has spread. The American Joint Committee on Cancer ( AJCC) created a method of staging cancer called the TNM system. It's used to describe how far the disease has spread. It's based on the following three key pieces of information: T ( Tumor) -- This measures how far the main tumor has grown through the bladder and whether it has spread into nearby tissues. N ( Lymph Nodes) -- These are groups of cells that fight disease. â Nâ is used to describe whether cancer has spread into lymph nodes near the bladder. M ( Metastasized) -- Doctors use this to describe whether the disease has spread into organs or lymph nodes that aren't near the bladder. Your doctor will assign a number or letter after T, N, and M. The higher the number, the more the cancer has spread. Once he's determined your T, N, and M stages, your doctor will use this information to give you an overall cancer stage. These range from 0 to the Roman numeral IV. Here's what each stage means: Stage 0: The cancer has only grown into the center of your bladder. It hasn't spread into the tissues or muscle of your bladder wall itself. It hasn't spread to your lymph nodes or other organs, either. Stage I: The cancer has grown through the inner lining of your bladder, but not the muscle of your bladder wall. Nor has it spread to your lymph nodes or distant organs. Stage II: The cancer has grown through the connective tissue in your bladder and into the muscle layer of the bladder. Stage III: Cancer is now in the layer of fatty tissue that surrounds your bladder. It may also be in your prostate, uterus, or vagina. But it hasn't spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant organs. Stage IV: This may include any of the following: The cancer has spread from your bladder into your pelvic or abdominal wall. But it hasn't spread to lymph nodes or distant organs. The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. But it hasn't reached distant organs. Cancer is now in your lymph nodes or distant sites like your bones, liver, or lungs. The more information you have about the stage of your bladder cancer, the better able you'll be to choose the right treatment option for you.
context: Ever had that moment where you wonder if you smell, well, not so great? It happens. But you can do a few things to make body odor go away. Shower at least once a day, and you'll wash away sweat and get rid of some of the bacteria on your skin. Sweat by itself is basically odorless. But when the bacteria that live on your skin mix with sweat, they multiply quickly and raise quite a stink. Washing thoroughly, especially the areas where you tend to sweat, can help with body odor. Washing thoroughly with an antibacterial soap bar will help get rid of some bacteria, which can help with the odor. Look for the word "antibacterial" on the soap's packaging. Once you've showered, dry yourself completely, paying close attention to any areas where you sweat a lot. If your skin is dry, it's harder for bacteria that cause body odor to breed on it. Once you're clean and dry, use a strong antiperspirant on your underarms. These have aluminum chloride, a chemical that helps keep sweat at bay, and they often also have a deodorant in them. Use it twice a day -- once in the morning and once in the evening. You don't need a prescription to get a powerful antiperspirant. Look for ones that say they're higher strength. If you think you need more help, ask your doctor about prescription antiperspirants. Change clothes often when you're sweating heavily. Fresh clothes help keep body odor down. Be sure to change your socks as well, especially if you tend to have foot odor. Use deodorant powders in your shoes, replace insoles often, and go barefoot when possible. What you eat affects your body odor. Foods that tend to make you sweat more, such as hot peppers or other spicy foods, might also lead to body odor. And the aroma of foods like onions or garlic can be carried in your sweat. Drinks with caffeine or alcohol may also make you sweat more.
context: Even in a small joint, osteoarthritis ( OA) can have a big impact on your life. For instance, OA in your fingers can keep you from holding a pen or opening a jar. A stiff or sore knee can make it hard to walk. Getting a shot of corticosteroids (sometimes called a steroid shot) directly into a sore joint can ease pain quickly. Corticosteroids help fight inflammation -- the heat, redness, pain, and swelling in an injured or inflamed part of the body. Corticosteroid shots ease pain faster than anti-inflammatory pills. A single injection doesn't cause stomach upset the way pills can. When corticosteroids are injected into a joint, their effects are mostly limited to that joint. Most corticosteroid injections into your knee or a smaller joint, like the base of your thumb, can be done in a doctor's office. First, the doctor cleans your skin with an antiseptic. If the joint is puffy and filled with fluid, the doctor may insert a needle into the joint to remove the excess fluid. This quickly relieves some of the pain, because it reduces pressure in the joint. Removing extra fluid may also speed healing. Next, the doctor uses a different syringe to inject the corticosteroid into the joint. Relief is almost instant, because the corticosteroid is usually mixed with a painkiller. The corticosteroid begins to curb inflammation within a few hours. The relief usually lasts from several weeks to several months. Injecting a large joint, such as your hip, or in the spine is more complex. Your doctor may use imaging technology to help guide the needle into place. Corticosteroids can have side effects. Some can be dangerous, such as a greater risk of infection, weight gain, ulcers in your digestive tract and bleeding, osteoporosis, increases in blood pressure and blood glucose levels, and eye problems such as cataracts and glaucoma. Injecting corticosteroids directly into a joint lessens or removes most of these side effects. There are, however, some special, if uncommon, risks of joint injection. They include: Injury to the joint tissues, mainly with repeated injections Thinning of cartilage, the smooth covering that protects the bones in the joint Weakening of the ligaments of the joint More inflammation in the joint caused by a corticosteroid that has crystallized Irritation of the nerves, by the needle or the medication itself Infecting the joint Whitening or thinning of skin at the injection site You should not have this type of treatment if you have an infection in or around a joint or you're allergic to any of the drugs used. Although corticosteroid injections can ease arthritis symptoms, they have limits. They can't repair damaged cartilage or slow the progression of arthritis. Their relief is only temporary. Most experts say you should limit injections to no more than once every three or four months. Get no more than about four shots in any one joint. If you still have joint pain after corticosteroid injections, talk with your doctor about other treatments. Depending on the joints involved, other treatment options could include joint replacement.
context: var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Testing your bone density -- how strong your bones are -- is the only way to know for sure if you have osteoporosis. One common test doctors use is called dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA or DEXA). DXA scanning focuses on two main areas -- the hip and the spine. If you can't test those, you can get a DXA scan on your forearm. These areas can give your doctor a good idea of whether you're likely to get fractures in other bones in your body. The scan generally takes 10 to 20 minutes. It's painless, and the amount of radiation you get from the X-rays the scan uses is low. Unlike some other types of tests, like MRIs or CT scans, you won't have to lie inside a closed tunnel or ring. Instead, you'll lie on an open X-ray table and try to stay still as the scanner passes over your body. When the test is over, you'll be able to go home. A DXA scanner is a machine that produces two X-ray beams. One is high energy and the other is low energy. The machine measures the amount of X-rays that pass through the bone from each beam. This will vary depending on how thick the bone is. Based on the difference between the two beams, your doctor can measure your bone density. For the results of your scan, you'll get a T-score. It shows how much higher or lower your bone density is than that of a healthy 30-year-old, the age when bones are at their strongest. The lower your score, the weaker your bones are: T-score of -1.0 or above = normal bone density T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 = low bone density, or osteopenia T-score of -2.5 or lower = osteoporosis Sometimes doctors will give you another DXA scan result -- a Z score. It compares your bone density to a normal score for a person of your same age and body size. The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force says people who should get DXA scans for bone density include: Women ages 65 or older Women ages 60 or older who have a higher chance of getting a fracture Talk to your doctor about whether the test is a good idea for you.
context: Tension headaches are the most common type of headaches among adults. They are commonly referred to as stress headaches. A tension headache may appear periodically ("episodic," less than 15 days per month) or daily ("chronic," 15 days per month or more). An episodic tension headache may be described as a mild to moderate constant band-like pain, tightness, or pressure around the forehead or back of the head and neck. These headaches may last from 30 minutes to several days. Episodic tension headaches usually begin gradually, and often occur in the middle of the day. The "severity" of a tension headache increases significantly with its frequency. Chronic tension headaches come and go over a prolonged period of time. The pain is usually throbbing and affects the front, top, or sides of the head. Although the pain may vary in intensity throughout the day, the pain is almost always present. Chronic tension headaches do not affect vision, balance, or strength. Tension headaches usually don't keep a person from performing daily tasks. About 30%-80% of the adult U. S. population suffers from occasional tension headaches; approximately 3% suffer from chronic daily tension headaches. Women are twice as likely to suffer from tension-type headaches as men. There is no single cause for tension headaches. In some people, tension headaches are caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp. In others, tightened muscles are not part of tension headaches, and the cause is unknown. Tension headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress. The most common sources of stress include family, social relationships, friends, work, and school. Episodic tension headaches are usually triggered by an isolated stressful situation or a build-up of stress. Daily stress can lead to chronic tension headaches. In mild to moderate tension headaches, there is a constant, band-like pain or pressure that lasts from 30 minutes to all day. Other features of tension headaches may include: Headache upon awakening General muscle aches Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep Chronic fatigue Irritability Disturbed concentration Mild sensitivity to light or noise Occasional dizziness Treatment for this type of headache usually includes nonprescription pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Prescription medications (antidepressants, for example) may be needed in some cases. Therapies such as stress management or biofeedback may be used in an effort to reduce or prevent tension headaches. If you use over-the-counter pain medicines too frequently, it can actually worsen your headache pattern causing ârebound headaches." Also, these medicines can cause problems with your stomach , kidney, and liver if used too often.
context: There is no blood test for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Blood tests are performed to exclude diseases that can cause secondary osteoarthritis, as well as to exclude other arthritis conditions that can mimic osteoarthritis. X-rays of the affected joints are then main way osteoarthritis is identified. The common X-ray findings of osteoarthritis include loss of joint cartilage, narrowing of the joint space between adjacent bones, and bone spur formation. Simple X-ray testing can be very helpful to exclude other causes of pain in a particular joint as well as assist the decision-making as to when surgical intervention should be considered. Arthrocentesis is often performed in the doctor's office. During arthrocentesis, a sterile needle is used to remove joint fluid for analysis. Joint fluid analysis is useful in excluding gout, infection, and other causes of inflammatory arthritis. Removal of joint fluid and injection of corticosteroids into the joints during arthrocentesis may help relieve pain, swelling, and inflammation. Arthroscopy is a surgical technique whereby a doctor inserts a viewing tube into the joint space. Abnormalities of and damage to the cartilage and ligaments can be detected and sometimes repaired through the arthroscope. If successful, patients can recover from the arthroscopic surgery much more quickly than from open joint surgery. Finally, a careful analysis of the location, duration, and character of the joint symptoms and the appearance of the joints helps the doctor in diagnosing osteoarthritis. Bony enlargement of the joints from spur formations is characteristic of osteoarthritis. Therefore, Heberden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes of the fingers and bunions of the feet can help the doctor make a diagnosis of osteoarthritis.