Question: How can I send user-data output to the console logs on an EC2 instance running RHEL 7 or RHEL 8?

I'm trying to troubleshoot my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Linux RHEL 7 or RHEL 8 instance bootstrap. How can I log the user-data invocation and then ship it to the console logs?Short descriptionTo troubleshoot issues on your EC2 instance bootstrap without having to access the instance through SSH, you can add code to your user-data bash script that redirects all the output both to the /var/log/user-data.log and to /dev/console. When the code is executed, you can see your user-data invocation logs in your console.Note: This resolution is for RHEL 7 and RHEL 8 only. For information on Amazon Linux and Amazon Linux 2, see How can I send user-data output to the console logs on an EC2 instance running Amazon Linux or Amazon Linux 2?Resolution1.    Open the Amazon EC2 console.2.    Launch a new instance and SSH into it.3.    Edit the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX line in /etc/default/grub and change "console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty0" to "console=tty1 console=ttyS0".RHEL 7:# cat /etc/default/grubGRUB_TIMEOUT=1GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"GRUB_DEFAULT=savedGRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=trueGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty1 console=ttyS0 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau crashkernel=auto"GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"RHEL 8:# cat /etc/default/grubGRUB_TIMEOUT=1GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"GRUB_DEFAULT=savedGRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=trueGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty1 console=ttyS0 net.ifnames=0 rd.blacklist=nouveau nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=auto"GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true4.    Recreate the /boot/grub2/grub.cfg file:RHEL 7:# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfgGenerating grub configuration file ...Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1062.1.2.el7.x86_64.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-026767dbe06a4910a5ce3bd0def903c0Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-026767dbe06a4910a5ce3bd0def903c0.imgdoneRHEL 8:# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfgGenerating grub configuration file ...done5.   Stop the instance.6.    Create a new AMI from the modified instance.7.    Launch a new instance from the new AMI.8.    Enter the following command to redirect the user-data output console:#!/bin/bash -xeexec > >(tee /var/log/user-data.log|logger -t user-data -s 2>/dev/console) 2>&1  yum -y update  echo "Hello from user-data!"The following is the line that redirects the user-data output:exec > >(tee /var/log/user-data.log|logger -t user-data -s 2>/dev/console) 2>&1The following is sample console output:RHEL 7:  subscription-manager.x86_64 0:1.24.26-3.el7_8  subscription-manager-rhsm.x86_64 0:1.24.26-3.el7_8  subscription-manager-rhsm-certificates.x86_64 0:1.24.26-3.el7_8  sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.23-9.el7  systemd.x86_64 0:219-73.el7_8.8  systemd-libs.x86_64 0:219-73.el7_8.8  systemd-sysv.x86_64 0:219-73.el7_8.8  teamd.x86_64 0:1.29-1.el7  tuned.noarch 0:2.11.0-8.el7  tzdata.noarch 0:2020a-1.el7  util-linux.x86_64 0:2.23.2-63.el7  yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-167.el7  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-54.el7_8Replaced:  iwl7265-firmware.noarch 0:22.0.7.0-72.el7Complete!+ echo 'Hello from user-data!'Hello from user-data!RHEL 8:Installed:  grub2-tools-efi-1:2.02-82.el8_2.1.x86_64  kernel-4.18.0-193.13.2.el8_2.x86_64  kernel-core-4.18.0-193.13.2.el8_2.x86_64  kernel-modules-4.18.0-193.13.2.el8_2.x86_64  linux-firmware-20191202-97.gite8a0f4c9.el8.noarchComplete!+echo 'Hello from user-data!'Hello from user-data!Related informationRunning commands on your Linux instance at launch