VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: How can I copy existing Lightsail firewall rules to different Lightsail instances?

How do I copy firewall rules to multiple Amazon Lightsail instances?Short descriptionFirewall rules are unique to each Lightsail instance. If you want multiple instances to have the same rules, you must edit the rules for each of the instances. You can use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) and API calls to retrieve the current firewall rules, and then output them into a .json file. You can use the .json file to copy all the rules into another Lightsail instance.Note: You must install and configure the AWS CLI to perform the following resolution steps. If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI. You can also use AWS CloudShell to perform these steps.Resolution1.    Run the following command to retrieve the current configurations you want to copy from the existing instance, and then output it to a .json file. This generates a .json file containing the firewall configuration. In the following example, replace SourceInstanceName and RegionName with the correct information for your instance.$ aws lightsail get-instance-port-states --instance-name SourceInstanceName --region RegionName | grep -v "state" > firewall.json2.    Open the .json file, firewall.json in this example, and then replace "portStates" with "portInfos". This parameter is at the beginning of the file, as shown in the following example:{    "portStates": [        {            "fromPort": 80,            "toPort": 80,            "protocol": "tcp",            "cidrs": [                "0.0.0.0/0"            ],            "cidrListAliases": []        },        {            "fromPort": 22,            "toPort": 22,            "protocol": "tcp",            "cidrs": [                "0.0.0.0/0"            ],            "cidrListAliases": []        },        {            "fromPort": 8080,            "toPort": 8080,            "protocol": "tcp",            "cidrs": [                "11.11.11.0/20",                "22.22.22.0/20"            ],            "cidrListAliases": []        }    ]}3.    After changing the parameter to "portInfos", you can use the .json file to add the same configurations to other instances. In the following example, replace DestinationInstanceName, firewall.json, and RegionName with the correct information for your instance.$ aws lightsail put-instance-public-ports --instance-name DestinationInstanceName  --cli-input-json file://firewall.json --region RegionName

Related informationAWS CLI Command Reference - lightsailAmazon Lightsail API Reference - Actionsget-instance-port-statesopen-instance-public-ports
Question: How do I turn on and configure enhanced networking on my EC2 instances?

I'm running an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance, and I want to turn on enhanced networking.

Short descriptionAmazon EC2 instances have three different virtual network adapters: VIF, Intel 82599 VF, and Elastic Network Adapter (ENA). For the latest instance types and adapters, see Enhanced networking on Linux and Enable enhanced networking with the Intel 82599 VF interface on Windows instances.Important:If your PPS rate reached its ceiling, then you probably reached the upper limits of the virtual network interface driver. Move to enhanced networking.If your throughput is near or exceeding 20 K PPS on the VIF driver, then it's a best practice to use enhanced networking.Use a cluster placement group to provide the lowest latency and highest PPS network performance for your instances.To reach speeds up to 10 Gbps between instances, launch your instances in a cluster placement group with the enhanced networking instance type. These instance types are placed physically close to each other. Instance types that are close to each other further reduces latency and improves transfer speeds.To reach speeds up to 25 Gbps between instances, launch your instances in a cluster placement group with ENA compatible instances. Then, make sure that traffic has multiple flows between the instances.

ResolutionLinuxFollow the guide that's applicable to your instance and adapter type:Enable enhanced networking with the Intel 82599 VF interface on Linux instancesEnable enhanced networking with the Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) on Linux instancesAfter you turn on the enhanced networking driver for your instance type, perform network or kernel tuning. The default network kernel parameters are sufficient for most workloads. However, depending on the workload, adjust your configurations to optimize the throughput.It's a best practice to tune the kernel based on observable behavior and metrics. When possible, use your operating system or application guidance resources.WindowsFor information on enhanced networking, see Enhanced networking on Windows. The elastic network interface driver is installed on all Amazon AMIs for Windows Server 2008 R2 and newer.For information on elastic network interfaces, see Enable enhanced networking with the Elastic Network Adapter (ENA) on Windows instances.

Related informationHow can I improve networking performance on my Amazon EC2 Windows instance?How do I benchmark network throughput between Amazon EC2 Linux instances in the same Amazon VPC?Amazon EC2 instance typesElastic Network Adapter – High performance network interface for Amazon EC2Amazon EC2 instance network bandwidth
Question: Why can't I terminate my Amazon EC2 instance?

I want to terminate my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance.

Short descriptionYour EC2 instance might not terminate for the following reasons:The instance is in the stopping or pending state.Termination protection is turned on for the instance.There are incorrect permissions on the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy attached to the role or user attempting to terminate the instance.The instances is part of an Auto Scaling group.

ResolutionThe instance is in the stopping or pending stateIf the instance appears to be "stuck" in the stopping state, then see Troubleshoot stopping your instance. After you stop the instance, you can then terminate it.The instance might remain in the pending state for more than 30 minutes after you attempt to launch it. If it does, then use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to stop the instance. In the AWS CLI, run the stop-instances command with a --force option or run the terminate-instances commandNote: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you're using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.Termination protection is turned on for the instanceIf termination protection is turned on, then you can't terminate the instance. For information on turning off termination protection on your instance, see Enable termination protection. Follow the instructions in To disable termination protection for a running or stopped instance.There are incorrect permissions on the IAM policy attached to the role or user attempting to terminate the instanceThe IAM policy attached to the role or user attempting to terminate the instance must allow the ec2:TerminateInstances API. For information on editing IAM policies, see Editing IAM policies.The instance is a part of an Auto Scaling groupIf the terminated instance is a part of an Auto Scaling group, then a replacement instance will be launched by the Auto Scaling group. This is done to maintain the desired count and is an expected behavior of the Auto Scaling group. In the AWS CLI, run the terminate-instance-in-auto-scaling-group command to terminate the instance.
Question: How do I connect to my WorkSpace using RDP?

I can't connect to my WorkSpace using the Amazon WorkSpaces client. How do I connect to my WorkSpace using a Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) client for troubleshooting?Short descriptionTypically you connect to your WorkSpace using the Amazon WorkSpaces client. However, you might need to connect to a WorkSpace using an RDP client for troubleshooting. To do so, you must update the Amazon WorkSpaces security group settings to allow connections from the IP address of your RDP client machine.Note: It's a best practice to use only an RDP client to connect to a WorkSpace for troubleshooting purposes. When you're done troubleshooting, remove the RDP inbound rule that you added.

ResolutionTo RDP outside of the network, you must provide internet access from your WorkSpace by assigning an Elastic IP address to each WorkSpace. If you use a network address translation (NAT) gateway, then you can RDP from within the network. For more information, see NAT gateways.Important: When entering the IP addresses that you use to connect to the WorkSpace, don't enter 0.0.0.0/0 or allow IP addresses that don't need access. Using 0.0.0.0/0, allows all IPv4 addresses to access your instance using RDP. If you use ::/0, you enable all IPv6 address to access your instance. You should authorize only a specific IP address or range of addresses to access your instance.To allow the client machine to connect to the WorkSpace using RDP, follow these steps:Open the Amazon WorkSpaces console.Select the WorkSpace, and then expand the details pane using the arrow. Note the IP address under WorkSpace IP.Note: The WorkSpace must be in a running state for the private IP address to appear. If the WorkSpace is stopped, choose Actions, Start WorkSpaces.Open the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) console.In the navigation pane, under Network & Security, choose Network Interfaces.In the search box, enter the IP address from step 2. Select the network interface associated with the IP address, and then note the IP address in the IPv4 Public IP column (if any).Choose the hyperlink in the Security groups column.Choose the Inbound rules tab, and then choose Edit inbound rules.Choose Add Rule, and create a rule with the following attributes:Type: RDPProtocol: TCPPort Range: 3389Source: Enter the IP addresses that you use to connect to the WorkSpace. The IP addresses can include the public IP address of a remote machine, the private IP address of another EC2 instance in the same Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), or the public IP that your router is using for NAT.Important: Be as granular as possible. Don't enter 0.0.0.0/0 or allow IP addresses that don't need access.Choose Save rules.You can now connect to the WorkSpace using RDP from the IP addresses that you specified. Follow these steps:Open Remote Desktop Connection.For Computer, enter the WorkSpace IP addresses, and then choose Connect.For Enter your credentials, enter the user credentials. Then, choose Ok.Note: The user credentials must be in the format: domain_name\username.

Related informationOne of my WorkSpaces has a state of UNHEALTHY
Question: Why did Amazon EC2 terminate my instance?

Why did Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) terminate my instance?ResolutionOn-Demand InstancesView your AWS CloudTrail logs:Open the CloudTrail console.Choose Event history.In the Lookup attributes dropdown list, choose Event name. Then enter TerminateInstances as an event name to view all instance termination API calls.Spot InstancesIf the Spot price increases above your bid price, then capacity is no longer available. Or, if Amazon EC2 can't meet the Spot request constraints, then the Spot Instance terminates.For more information, see Spot Instance interruptions.Instances in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groupAmazon EC2 Auto Scaling might terminate instances in an Auto Scaling group for the following reasons:The instance is marked as unhealthy.The instance exceeded its specified keep-alive parameters.There's an Auto Scaling group scale down event.Note: By default, AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments use Auto Scaling groups to launch EC2 instances.For more information, see Why did Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling terminate an instance?Related informationMy Spot Instance was terminated. Can I recover it?How do I re-create a terminated EC2 instance?
Question: How do I prevent CloudFront from caching certain files?

I want Amazon CloudFront to pass certain files through, instead of caching the files at edge locations. How can I do that?ResolutionTo prevent CloudFront from caching certain files, choose only one of the following configurations:Configuration on the originNote: If you use legacy cache settings, then update your CloudFront distribution's cache behavior to set Object caching as Use Origin Cache Headers. If you use a cache policy, then CloudFront considers origin Cache-Control settings by default.On your custom origin web server application, add Cache-Control no-cache, no-store, or private directives to the objects that you don't want CloudFront to cache. Or, add Expires directives to the objects that you don't want CloudFront to cache.If you're using Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) as the origin, you can add certain Cache-Control headers using object metadata.Configuration on the distribution1.    Open the CloudFront console.2.    From your list of CloudFront distributions, choose the distribution that you want to modify.3.    Choose the Behaviors tab.4.    If you already have a cache behavior for the objects that you don't want CloudFront to cache, then select the cache behavior and choose Edit. To create a new cache behavior, choose Create Behavior.5.    For Cache and origin request settings, select Cache policy and origin request policy (recommended).6.    For Cache policy, select Managed - CachingDisabled.7.    Choose Save changes to save the changes that you made.Note: If you aren't using an Amazon S3 bucket as your origin, then you can set a specific cache behavior to forward all headers to the origin. To do this, update the cache behavior to set Cache Based on Selected Request Headers to All.

Related informationSpecifying the amount of time that CloudFront caches objectsAdding, removing, or replacing content that CloudFront distributes
Question: How can I use launch templates to automatically install the CodeDeploy agent on an Amazon EC2 instance running Amazon Linux or Ubuntu?

How do I automatically install the AWS CodeDeploy agent on an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance running Linux or Ubuntu?ResolutionWhen you create a launch template, you can use the User data field to add a configuration script that runs when the instance starts. This shell script installs the CodeDeploy agent for all AWS Regions and supported Amazon Linux and Ubuntu distributions.Note: You can configure CodeDeploy to auto update on boot by setting the AUTOUPDATE variable to true.For example, you can add the following configuration script in the Amazon EC2 User data field:Important: The following script works only in EC2 for Linux. In Windows environments, the script fails.#!/bin/bash -xe## Code Deploy Agent Bootstrap Script##exec > >(tee /var/log/user-data.log|logger -t user-data -s 2>/dev/console) 2>&1AUTOUPDATE=falsefunction installdep(){if [ ${PLAT} = "ubuntu" ]; then  apt-get -y update  # Satisfying even ubuntu older versions.  apt-get -y install jq awscli ruby2.0 || apt-get -y install jq awscli rubyelif [ ${PLAT} = "amz" ]; then  yum -y update  yum install -y aws-cli ruby jqfi}function platformize(){#Linux OS detection# if hash lsb_release; then   echo "Ubuntu server OS detected"   export PLAT="ubuntu"elif hash yum; then  echo "Amazon Linux detected"  export PLAT="amz" else   echo "Unsupported release"   exit 1 fi}function execute(){if [ ${PLAT} = "ubuntu" ]; then  cd /tmp/  wget https://aws-codedeploy-${REGION}.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/install  chmod +x ./install  if ./install auto; then    echo "Installation completed"      if ! ${AUTOUPDATE}; then            echo "Disabling Auto Update"            sed -i '/@reboot/d' /etc/cron.d/codedeploy-agent-update            chattr +i /etc/cron.d/codedeploy-agent-update            rm -f /tmp/install      fi    exit 0  else    echo "Installation script failed, please investigate"    rm -f /tmp/install    exit 1  fielif [ ${PLAT} = "amz" ]; then  cd /tmp/  wget https://aws-codedeploy-${REGION}.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/install  chmod +x ./install    if ./install auto; then      echo "Installation completed"        if ! ${AUTOUPDATE}; then            echo "Disabling auto update"            sed -i '/@reboot/d' /etc/cron.d/codedeploy-agent-update            chattr +i /etc/cron.d/codedeploy-agent-update            rm -f /tmp/install        fi      exit 0    else      echo "Installation script failed, please investigate"      rm -f /tmp/install      exit 1    fielse  echo "Unsupported platform ''${PLAT}''"fi}platformizeinstalldepREGION=$(curl -s 169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document | jq -r ".region")execute

Related informationCreate a launch template for an Auto Scaling group
Question: What's the maximum transfer speed between Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3?

I want to transfer data from my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance to my Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket. What's the maximum transfer speed for copying data between the instance and the bucket?ResolutionTraffic between Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3 can leverage up to 100 Gbps of bandwidth to VPC endpoints and public IPs in the same Region. The data transfer rate between an EC2 instance and an S3 bucket and network performance depend on several factors, which include the following:The AWS Regions that the instance and S3 bucket are in.The medium of data transfer, such as a transfer through the internet or an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) endpoint.The size of objects to be transferred.The resource utilization, CPU utilization, memory, disk I/O, network capabilities, and network limits of the EC2 instance.For ways to improve the data transfer speed, see How can I improve the transfer speeds for copying data between my S3 bucket and EC2 instance?
Question: How do I remove a cached file from CloudFront?

I updated files on my origin servers. However, Amazon CloudFront is still serving old content to my users. Why is this happening and how can I clear the cache?Short descriptionBy default, CloudFront caches responses in edge locations based on cache-control headers in the response from the origin and the minimum, maximum, and default TTL values in a CloudFront distribution's cache behavior.Based on the values that you configure, CloudFront serves cached files until the cache expires. To immediately serve updated files, invalidate the files to remove objects from CloudFront's cache.Note: You can't invalidate specific versions of an object that uses cookies, query-strings, or headers to vary the response. Invalidation removes all versions of the object.

ResolutionImportant: Invalidating files might incur charges. For more information, see Paying for file invalidation.Invalidating files using the AWS ConsoleTo invalidate files using the AWS Console, see Invalidating files using the console.Invalidating files using the AWS CLINote: If you receive errors when running AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent AWS CLI version.To invalidate files using the AWS CLI, use the create-invalidation command:aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id EDFDVBD6EXAMPLE --paths "/example-path/index.html"Note: Replace EDFDVBD6EXAMPLE with the ID of the distribution serving your files.To find the current status of an invalidation, use the get-invalidation command:aws cloudfront get-invalidation --id I2J0I21PCUYOIK --distribution-id EDFDVBD6EXAMPLENote: Replace EDFDVBD6EXAMPLE with the ID of the distribution serving your files.To poll the status of an invalidation until it completes, use the following command:aws cloudfront wait invalidation-completed --id I2J0I21PCUYOIK --distribution-id EDFDVBD6EXAMPLENote: Replace EDFDVBD6EXAMPLE with the ID of the distribution serving your files.

Related informationWhy is CloudFront serving outdated content from Amazon S3?
Question: How do I reset the account password in Amazon Redshift?

I'm trying to reset my account password in Amazon Redshift. How do I change the account password?ResolutionReset a standard user account passwordTo change the password for a standard user account, perform the following steps:Note: You must have superuser (or adminuser) account credentials.1.    Sign in to the AWS Management Console using superuser credentials.2.    Open the Amazon Redshift console.3.    Run the ALTER USER command and enter your desired password:ALTER USER username password ‘password’;Note: Passwords for standard user accounts must be changed using the ALTER USER command.4.    Log back in to Amazon Redshift using the new account password to verify the updated password.Reset the superuser account password using the Amazon Redshift consoleTo change the superuser (or adminuser) password using the Amazon Redshift console, perform the following steps:1.    Sign in to the AWS Management Console.2.    Open the Amazon Redshift console.3.    Choose Clusters.4.    Select your Amazon Redshift cluster.5.    Choose Actions.6.    From the dropdown list, choose Change admin user password.7.    Enter a new user password.8.    Choose Save. Your admin account password is now modified.9.    Log back in to Amazon Redshift using the new account password to verify the updated password.Note: The password change is asynchronous, and is applied immediately. You don't need to restart Amazon Redshift.Reset the superuser account password using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)1.    Configure the AWS CLI.2.    Run the modify-cluster command and enter your desired password:aws redshift modify-cluster –cluster-identifier <identifier-for-the cluster> –master-user-password ‘master-password’;Note: If you receive an error while running your AWS CLI command, be sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.For more information about the modify-cluster API, see ModifyCluster.3.    Log back in to Amazon Redshift using the new account password to verify the updated password.
Question: Can I pay my AWS bill in a currency other than US dollars (USD)?

I want to pay my AWS bill in a currency other than US dollars (USD).

ResolutionYou can pay your bill in a non-USD currency by following the instructions at Changing the currency to pay your bill. For currencies currently supported by AWS, see What currencies does AWS currently support?Note: By default, all AWS customers are billed in US dollars.Your seller of record information might impact your available local currencies.Amazon Web Services India Private Limited (AWS India) customers are billed in Indian rupees by default, see Managing an account in India.For payment currencies supported by AWS Europe, see What payment currencies and payment methods are supported by AWS Europe?The following customers are billable only in their local currency:Amazon AWS Servicos Brasil Ltda. (AWS SBL)Amazon Web Services Korea LLC (AWSK)Amazon Web Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd. (AWS South Africa)Amazon Web Services Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (AWS Malaysia)When using a non-USD currency, consider the following:All preferred currency amounts shown in the AWS Billing and Cost Management console are estimated in USD.Your finalized monthly bill is generated in the local currency that you choose.Rates can change daily. The exchange rate applied to your invoice is determined when your invoice is created.Note: Currency conversion is provided by Amazon Services LLC.You can change your local currency at any time, but after an invoice is finalized, the invoice must be paid in that currency.You can pay invoices in non-USD currencies by using Visa or MasterCard. All other cards are charged only in USD.Note: If you choose a payment currency that the card issuer doesn't support, then you might be charged foreign currency conversion charges or fees.

Related informationManaging an AWS account