VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: How can I find the resources associated with an Amazon EC2 security group?

I'm using Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) security groups and I need to determine which resources are using a particular security group. How can I find the resources associated with an Amazon EC2 security group?ResolutionNote: If you receive errors when running AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) commands, make sure that you’re running a recent version of the AWS CLI.Method 1: Use the AWS Management Console1.    Open the Amazon EC2 console.2.    In the navigation pane, choose Security Groups.3.    Copy the security group ID of the security group that you're investigating.4.    In the navigation pane, choose Network Interfaces.5.    Paste the security group ID in the search bar.Note: Be sure that you're searching in the same Region where your security group is located.6.    Review the search results.Search results show the network interfaces associated with the security group. Check the description of the network interface to determine the resource that's associated with the security group. For example, ELB app/example-alb/1234567890abcdef indicates that an Application Load Balancer with the name example-alb is using this security group.If you receive a No Network Interfaces found matching your filter criteria message, then there are no resources associated with the security group.Method 2: Use the AWS CLI1.    Run the following command in the AWS CLI to find network interfaces associated with a security group based on the security group ID:aws ec2 describe-network-interfaces --filters Name=group-id,Values=<group-id> --region <region> --output jsonThe output of this command shows the network interfaces associated with the security group.2.    Review the output.If the output is empty similar to this example, then there are no resources associated with the security group:{    "NetworkInterfaces": []}If the output contains results, then use this command to find more information about the resources associated with the security group:aws ec2 describe-network-interfaces --filters Name=group-id,Values=<group-id> --region <region> --output json --query "NetworkInterfaces[*].[NetworkInterfaceId,Description,PrivateIpAddress,VpcId]"Related informationControl traffic to resources using security groupsClient-side filtering
Question: How can I find out who consumed my Amazon SQS queue messages?

I want to know who polled my Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue.-or-I want to identify who consumed my Amazon SQS queue messages.

ResolutionIt isn't possible to directly identify who consumes messages from Amazon SQS. However, client-side logging can provide some insight.Review the Amazon SQS resource policy. It's a best practice to implement least-privilege access and to verify that SQS queues aren't publicly accessible. Restrict the SQS queue ReceiveMessage action to specific AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users or roles. For more information, see Amazon SQS security best practices.Review all AWS Lambda function triggers for the SQS queue. If a Lambda function is configured with an active SQS event source, then it's possible that the Lambda function consumed the message.To confirm who polled an SQS queue, contact AWS Support and provide a list of the following:Message IDsRequest IDsCorresponding sent and received timestamps

Related informationLogging Amazon SQS API calls using AWS CloudTrail
Question: How can I modify the Spark configuration in an Amazon EMR notebook?

How can I customize the configuration for an Apache Spark job in an Amazon EMR notebook?Short descriptionAn Amazon EMR notebook is a serverless Jupyter notebook. A Jupyter notebook uses the Sparkmagic kernel as a client for interactively working with Spark in a remote EMR cluster through an Apache Livy server. You can use Sparkmagic commands to customize the Spark configuration. A custom configuration is useful when you want to do the following:Change executor memory and executor cores for a Spark JobChange resource allocation for Spark

ResolutionModify the current session1.    In a Jupyter notebook cell, run the %%configure command to modify the job configuration. In the following example, the command changes the executor memory for the Spark job.%%configure -f{"executorMemory":"4G"}2.    For additional configurations that you usually pass with the --conf option, use a nested JSON object, as shown in the following example. Use this method instead of explicitly passing a conf object to a SparkContext or SparkSession.%%configure -f{"conf":{"spark.dynamicAllocation.enabled":"false"}}Confirm that the configuration change was successful1.    On the client side, run the %%info command on Jupyter to see the current session configuration. Example output:Current session configs: {'executorMemory': '4G', 'conf': {'spark.dynamicAllocation.enabled': 'false'}, 'kind': 'pyspark'}2.    On the server side, check the /var/log/livy/livy-livy-server.out log on the EMR cluster. If a SparkSession started, you should see a log entry like this:20/06/24 10:11:22 INFO InteractiveSession$: Creating Interactive session 2: [owner: null, request: [kind: pyspark, proxyUser: None, executorMemory: 4G, conf: spark.dynamicAllocation.enabled -> false, heartbeatTimeoutInSecond: 0]]Related informationApache Livy - REST API
Question: How do I map the response status codes for API Gateway integrations in HTTP APIs?

What are the differences between payload versions 1.0 and 2.0?How do I map the status codes returned by HTTP APIs in Amazon API Gateway?-or-How do I map the status codes in HTTP APIs?ResolutionWhen you want to override your backend response status codes, use API Gateway mapping templates or regular expressions to map the status codes. You can do this in proxy and non-proxy integrations with HTTP API.Working with HTTP APIsHTTP APIs are different in design when compared to REST APIs. HTTP APIs are integrated by default proxy and return the same response. Unlike REST APIs, HTTP APIs provide two payload format versions to use with Lambda integration. For the 1.0 and 2.0 payload format versions, there are associated Lambda function response formats.When the payload format version 2.0 is used, if the Lambda function doesn’t explicitly pass the status code in a valid JSON response, API Gateway assumes the following:IsBase64Encoded is falsestatusCode is 200content-type is application/jsonbody is the response from a Lambda functionIn the previous example, the HTTP API doesn’t return any errors, but forwards the assumed status code 200.When the payload format version 1.0 is used, the Lambda integration must return a response in the following format. API Gateway doesn’t make assumptions of the response and returns a 500 error.{    "isBase64Encoded": true|false,    "statusCode": httpStatusCode,    "headers": { "headername": "headervalue", ... },    "multiValueHeaders": { "headername": ["headervalue", "headervalue2", ...], ... },    "body": "..."}Mapping status codesTo map the status code to a static value basing on the returned back-end response key:Navigate to the integrations configured in HTTP API.Choose the Integration route to modify. Choose Manage Integration. Scroll to the parameter mapping, and then choose Create parameter mapping.Set Mapping type to Response (based on a status code). Also set Response status code because the integration responses that match this status code must have parameter mapping applied.Choose Add new mapping.Under Parameter to modify, choose statusCode. Set the Modification type to Overwrite.Set Value to Static value.Note: This value needs to be sent to the client.Choose Create.

Related informationWorking with models and mapping templatesTransforming API requests and responses
Question: How do I resolve issues with creating an Amazon EBS volume from my snapshot?

I'm trying to create an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume from a snapshot, but it's not working. How do I resolve this issue?Short descriptionThe following are the most common reasons why creating an Amazon EBS volume from a snapshot might fail:The snapshot no longer exists.You're trying to create an unencrypted volume from an encrypted snapshot.AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key authentication fails.The volume size is smaller than the original volume that's used to create the snapshot, or the size isn't within storage capacity limits.The snapshot no longer existsYou get the following error message: "Snapshot does not exist."If you're creating a volume from a snapshot that's shared from another AWS account, then you might get the preceding error message. You can still see shared snapshots in your account that are deleted from the account that the snapshots are created in. Make sure that the snapshot that you want to create a volume from still exists in the account that the snapshot is created in.Also, make sure that the snapshot exists in the same AWS Region that you're trying to create the volume in. See, View Amazon EBS snapshot information to confirm that the snapshot still exists and is in the same Region.You're trying to create an unencrypted volume from an encrypted snapshotYou receive the following error message from the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI): "An error occurred (InvalidParameterCombination) when calling the CreateVolume operation: EncryptedVolume parameter [false] is inconsistent with snapshot encryption state [true]"You can't create an unencrypted volume from an encrypted snapshot. To determine if your snapshot is encrypted, see How can I view encryption information about my AMI or snapshot?AWS KMS key authentication failsAfter you create an encrypted volume from an encrypted snapshot, you receive a message that the volume is successfully created. However, when you try to access the volume you get an error stating that the volume doesn't exist. This can happen when AWS KMS key authentication fails for volume encryption or decryption. Amazon Web Services (AWS) authenticates AWS KMS keys asynchronously. For more information, see Amazon EBS encryption.To resolve this issue, see Why does the new Amazon EBS volume I created from an encrypted snapshot not exist?The volume size is smaller than the original volume, or the size isn't within storage capacity limitsAmazon EBS doesn't support reducing a volume's size. If you try to create a volume that's smaller than the original volume that's used to create the snapshot, then volume creation fails. Make sure that the volume you're creating is at least the same size as the original volume. You can make the volume size larger, but you must keep the size within storage capacity limits. For more information, see Constraints on the size and configuration of an EBS volume.

Resolution

Related informationRecover from accidental deletions of your snapshots using Recycle Bin
Question: How do I integrate an API Gateway REST API with an Application Load Balancer?

I want to integrate an Amazon API Gateway REST API with an Application Load Balancer. How can I do that using API Gateway integrations?Short descriptionTo integrate your API Gateway REST API with a public Application Load Balancer, use API Gateway HTTP integration.For private Application Load Balancers, use API Gateway VPC link to first connect to a private Network Load Balancer. Then, use the Network Load Balancer to forward API Gateway requests to the private Application Load Balancer.Note: There's currently no direct API Gateway integration for private Application Load Balancers.

ResolutionTo integrate an API Gateway REST API with a public Application Load BalancerNote: The following procedure assumes two things:You have access to a public Application Load Balancer and its DNS name.You have an API Gateway REST API resource with an HTTP method.1.    In the API Gateway console, choose the API you want to integrate with the Application Load Balancer.2.    In the Resources pane, for Methods, choose the HTTP method that your API uses.3.    Choose Integration Request.4.    In the Integration Request pane, for Integration Type, choose HTTP.Note: To pass the entire API request and its parameters to the backend Application Load Balancer, create one of the following instead:An HTTP proxy integration-or-An HTTP custom integrationFor more information, see Set up HTTP integrations in API Gateway.5.    In the Endpoint URL field, enter either the Application Load Balancer's default DNS name or custom DNS name. Then, add the configured protocol of its listener. For example, an Application Load Balancer that's configured with an HTTPS listener on port 8080 requires the following endpoint URL format: https://domain-name:8080/Important: Make sure that you create an HTTP listener or HTTPS listener for the Application Load Balancer using the port and listener rules of your choice. For more information, see Listeners for your Application Load Balancers. For an Application Load Balancer configured with an HTTPS listener, the associated certificate must be issued by an API Gateway-supported certificate authority. If you have to use a certificate that's self-signed or issued by a private certificate authority, then set insecureSkipVerification to true in the integration's tlsConfig.6.    Choose Save.7.    Deploy the API.To integrate an API Gateway REST API with a private Application Load Balancer1.    Use API Gateway VPC link integration to integrate your API with a private Network Load Balancer.2.    Use the Network Load Balancer to forward the API request to the private Application Load Balancer.
Question: How do I recover a lost or forgotten AWS password?

I forgot the password that I use to sign in to AWS and want to recover or change my password.

ResolutionTo reset a password, you need one of the following, depending on how you sign in to AWS:Your AWS account root user email address. This is the email address that you used to create the account.Your AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user name. Your account administrator sets the user name and password for IAM users.Your AWS account number.If you can't find any of this information, then see I can't sign in because my credentials don't work.Note: If you know your password but you want to change it, see Changing the AWS account root user password.To reset a root user passwordSee Resetting a lost or forgotten root user password.If you no longer have access to that email address, then you can't receive a password reset email. For some strategies that can help you recover a password for an email address that you no longer have access to, see Troubleshooting general IAM issues.Important: If your AWS account and Amazon.com retail account share the same login information, then updating the root user credentials (including the password) for one account updates both accounts.To reset an IAM passwordIf you sign in as an IAM user, then your account administrator manages your credentials. If you can't change your own IAM password, then contact your account administrator.For information about resetting an IAM user's credentials as an account administrator, see Managing passwords for IAM users.To reset the password for an account that you created using AWS OrganizationsSee Accessing a member account as the root user.

Related informationWhat if an MFA device is lost or stops working?What do I do if I'm having trouble signing in to or accessing my AWS account?
Question: Is the text message that I received from AWS?

I want to know if a text message (SMS) asking me to verify something about my Amazon account is from AWS or Amazon.

ResolutionAWS contacts you through SMS if you request SMS verification when creating a new AWS account.If you receive an SMS message that you didn't request from a sender that claims to be from AWS:Don't respond to the message.Don't open any links in the message.Report the sender to Amazon by following the instructions at Report suspicious phone call, email, or SMS/text message.

Related informationHow do I make sure that the email that I received is actually from Amazon?
Question: How do I update my SQS access policy to apply least privilege access?

To isolate malicious attacks, I want to restrict access to my VPC endpoint for my Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. I want to deny access from other VPC endpoints and limit AWS Lambda function event source permissions.

ResolutionTo secure your SQS queue, apply the least privilege principles to your SQS access policy. You can isolate any malicious attacks in your queue by allowing requests only from a specified VPC endpoint and a specified Lambda function with event source mapping. You can secure your queue and isolate attacks by implementing the following SQS access policy:{  "Version": "2012-10-17",  "Id": "default_policy_ID",  "Statement": [    {      "Sid": "owner_statement",      "Effect": "Allow",      "Principal": {        "AWS": "arn:aws:iam:XXXXXXX:root"      },      "Action": "SQS:*",      "Resource": "arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:XXXXXXXX:test.fifo"    },    {      "Sid": "RestrictSendReceiveToVpce",      "Effect": "Deny",      "Principal": "*",      "Action": [        "sqs:SendMessage",        "sqs:ReceiveMessage",        "sqs:DeleteMessage",        "sqs:DeleteQueue",        "sqs:PurgeQueue"      ],      "Resource": "arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1: XXXXXX:test.fifo",      "Condition": {        "ArnNotEquals": {         "aws:PrincipalArn": "Lambda execution role arn"        },        "StringNotEquals": {          "aws:SourceVpce": "vpce-XXXXX"        }      }    }  ]}This SQS access policy does the following:If the VPC endpoint is not the aws:sourceVpce provided when making the request, then the policy denies the client messages sent to the SQS queue.When the Lambda function’s execution role is not PrincipalArn, the policy denies the Lambda function’s permission.The ArnNotEquals and StringNotEquals conditions in the policy use OR evaluation logic. If either statement is true, then the request will be allowed.For more information on the evaluation logic for conditions, see Creating a condition with multiple keys or values.

Related informationTutorial: Sending a message to an Amazon SQS queue from Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
Question: How do I list KMS key grants and principals by Region in AWS KMS?

I want to list AWS KMS key grants and principals for my AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) accounts by AWS Region.

ResolutionYou can retrieve the number of grants a KMS key has and the principles for each one by using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) or AWS SDKs. Be sure that you install and configure the AWS CLI with policy permissions to perform list-keys and list-grants.Note: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.Run the following commands to list your KMS key and grants:Note: Replace your-region with your AWS Region and your-AWS KMS-key-ID with your AWS KMS key ID.aws kms list-keys --region <your-region>aws kms list-grants --region <your-region> --key-id <your-AWS KMS-key-ID>To query against all your KMS keys for a specific AWS Region, run this command:for key in $(aws kms list-keys --region <your-region> --query 'Keys[].KeyId' --output text);do aws kms list-grants --region <your-region> --key-id $key; doneNote: This example uses the built-in AWS CLI --query option to filter elements from the output.Run this command to list the number of grants each principal has for a KMS key:aws kms list-grants --region <your-region> --key-id <your-AWS KMS-key-ID> | jq '.Grants[].GranteePrincipal' -r | sort | uniq -c;Note: You must have jq installed to run this command. For instructions for installing jq, see JSON output format.
Question: How can I secure my Amazon API Gateway WebSocket API?

I want to secure my Amazon API Gateway WebSocket API. How can I do this?Short descriptionAmazon API Gateway supports the following methods for controlling and managing access to APIs:AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) authorizationAWS Lambda REQUEST authorizer function

ResolutionIAM authorizationFor WebSocket APIs, make sure that your routes use an ARN in the following format:arn:aws:execute-api:region:account-id:api-id/stage-name/route-keyFor more information, see Using IAM authorization.Lambda authorizer functionYou can't use path variables (event.pathParameters) with Lambda authorizer functions for WebSocket APIs because the path is fixed. Make sure that the methodArn ends with "$connect" in the following format:arn:aws:execute-api:region:account-id:api-id/stage-name/$connectFor more information, see Creating a Lambda REQUEST authorizer function.

Related informationHow can I set up a custom domain name for my API Gateway API?
Question: What happens to new or existing objects when I turn on default encryption with AWS KMS on my Amazon S3 bucket?

I turned on default encryption using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) on my Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket. I want to know what happens to the encryption or new and existing objects.

ResolutionAfter you turn on default AWS KMS encryption on your bucket, Amazon S3 applies the encryption only to newly uploaded objects with no encryption settings.Default bucket encryption doesn't change the encryption settings of existing objects. For example, if you turn on server-side encryption with AWS KMS (SSE-KMS) on the bucket, then any unencrypted objects already in the bucket remain unencrypted. Also, any objects already encrypted through SSE-KMS, SSE-S3, or SSE-C remain encrypted in their respective key.Default bucket encryption also doesn't override the encryption settings that you specify when uploading a new object. For example, if you specify AES256 encryption in your PutObject request to a bucket with default SSE-KMS encryption, then the object maintains AES256 encryption (SSE-S3).If your bucket has default encryption but you're seeing newly uploaded objects with different encryption settings, then check AWS CloudTrail data event logs. Logs for PUT, POST, and InitiateMultipartUpload API requests have an SSEApplied field. If the value of this field is Default_SSE_S3 or Default_SSE_KMS, then the object has default encryption. If the value is SSE_S3 or SSE_KMS, then the object specifies the encryption settings in the PutObject request.Note: To require users to upload objects with SSE-KMS, use a bucket policy, access point policy, or AWS Organizations service control policy.