VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: Why aren't changes on my Amazon S3 bucket showing on the Storage Gateway file share?

I made changes to my Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket, such as uploading a new file or removing an existing file. However, the changes aren't propagating to my AWS Storage Gateway file share. How can I fix this?Short descriptionStorage Gateway updates the file share cache automatically when you write files to the cache locally using the file share. However, Storage Gateway doesn't automatically update the cache when you upload a file directly to Amazon S3. When you do this, you must perform a RefreshCache operation to see the changes on the file share. If you have more than one file share, then you must run the RefreshCache operation on each file share.You can refresh the cache using the Storage Gateway console and the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI).

ResolutionUsing the Storage Gateway consoleTo refresh the cache using the Storage Gateway console, see Refreshing objects in your Amazon S3 bucket. Using the AWS CLI1.    Run the list-file-shares command:$ aws storagegateway list-file-sharesNote: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.2.    Copy the Amazon Resource Number (ARN) of the file share with the cache that you want to refresh. Then, run the refresh-cache command and enter the ARN as the value for --file-share-arn:$ aws storagegateway refresh-cache --file-share-arn arn:aws:storagegateway:eu-west-1:12345678910:share/share-FFDEE12To automate the RefreshCache operation, see How can I automate the RefreshCache operation on Storage Gateway?
Question: How do I activate MFA in WorkSpaces?

I want to activate multi-factor authentication (MFA) for my Amazon WorkSpaces client. What steps do I need to take?ResolutionTo activate MFA for your WorkSpaces client, you first must make sure that your setup meets the following prerequisites:Server: Your Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server is set up on-premises or in the cloud.Traffic: You've allowed inbound traffic from the RADIUS server IP or TCP port 1812 to AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory or AD Connector.Shared secret: You've set up a shared secret code so that the RADIUS server users can connect to AWS Managed Microsoft AD or AD Connector.To learn more about the prerequisites for setting up AWS Managed Microsoft AD, see AWS Managed Microsoft AD prerequisites.To learn more about the prerequisites for setting up AD Connector, see AD Connector prerequisites.After you meet your prerequisites, activate MFA.For instructions on activating MFA for AWS Managed Microsoft AD, see Enable multi-factor authentication for AWS Managed Microsoft AD.For instructions on activating MFA for AD Connector, see Enable multi-factor authentication for AD Connector.

Related informationWhy is MFA failing on my AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory or my AD Connector?
Question: How can I allow or block specific IPs on my EC2 instance?

I want to allow specific IP addresses access to my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance and block other IP addresses. How do I do this?Short descriptionTo allow or block specific IP addresses for your EC2 instances, use a network Access Control List (ACL) or security group rules in your VPC. Network ACLs and security group rules act as firewalls allowing or blocking IP addresses from accessing your resources. Network ACLs control inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level. Because network ACLs function at the subnet level, rules apply to all instances in associated subnets. Security group rules act as a firewall for associated Amazon EC2 instances, controlling both inbound and outbound traffic at the instance level.Keep in mind that network ACLs are stateless, meaning that rules must explicitly allow return traffic. Security group rules automatically allow return traffic regardless of any rules.

ResolutionFor information on how to create a network ACL, add rules, and associate one or more subnets, see Work with network ACLs.For information on how to modify the default security group, create a new group, add rules, and then associate your security group to one or more instances in your subnet, see Work with security groups.

Related informationInternetwork traffic privacy in Amazon VPCControl traffic to subnets using Network ACLsControl traffic to resources using security groups
Question: Why did I receive an Amazon GuardDuty Denial of Service (DoS) finding type for my Amazon EC2 instance?

Amazon GuardDuty detected a Denial of Service (DoS) finding with my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance.

Short descriptionThe GuardDuty Backdoor:EC2/DenialOfService finding type indicates that an Amazon EC2 instance is sending large amounts of outbound TCP or UDP traffic to another remote host. This might be due to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. If this behavior isn't expected, then your Amazon EC2 instance might have unauthorized activity.Note: The Backdoor:EC2/DenialOfService finding type detects EC2 instances performing Denial of Service (DoS) attacks only with public routable IP addresses.For additional information, see the Backdoor:EC2/DenialOfService.tcp finding types.

ResolutionFollow the instructions for to identify and stop unauthorized activity for the EC2 instance.For additional information, see How Amazon GuardDuty uses its data sources.

Related informationCreating custom responses to GuardDuty findings with Amazon CloudWatch EventsHow to use Amazon GuardDuty and AWS Web Application Firewall to automatically block suspicious hosts
Question: Which type of Direct Connect virtual interface should I use to connect different AWS resources?

AWS Direct Connect provides three types of virtual interfaces: public, private, and transit. How do I determine which type I should use to connect different AWS resources?ResolutionUse the following Direct Connect virtual interface based on your use case.Public virtual interfaceTo connect to AWS resources that are reachable by a public IP address such as an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket or AWS public endpoints, use a public virtual interface. With a public virtual interface, you can:Connect to all AWS public IP addresses globally.Create public virtual interfaces in any Direct Connect location to receive Amazon’s global IP routes.Access publicly routable Amazon services in any AWS Region (except the AWS China Region).Private virtual interfaceTo connect to your resources hosted in an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) using their private IP addresses, use a private virtual interface. With a private virtual interface, you can:Connect VPC resources such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances or load balancers on your private IP address or endpoint.Connect a private virtual interface to a Direct Connect gateway. Then, associate the Direct Connect gateway with one or more virtual private gateways in any AWS Region (except the AWS China Region).Connect to multiple Amazon VPCs in any AWS Region (except the AWS China Region), because a virtual private gateway is associated with a single VPC.Note: For a private virtual interface, AWS advertises the VPC CIDR only over the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) neighbor. AWS can't advertise or suppress specific subnet blocks in the Amazon VPC for a private virtual interface.Transit virtual interfaceTo connect to your resources hosted in an Amazon VPC (using their private IP addresses) through a transit gateway, use a transit virtual interface. With a transit virtual interface, you can:Connect multiple Amazon VPCs in the same or different AWS account using Direct Connect.Associate up to three transit gateways in any AWS Region when you use a transit virtual interface to connect to a Direct Connect gateway.Attach Amazon VPCs in the same AWS Region to the transit gateway. Then, access multiple VPCs in different AWS accounts in the same AWS Region using a transit virtual interface.Note: For transit virtual interface, AWS advertises only routes that you specify in the allowed prefixes list on the Direct Connect gateway. For a list of all AWS Regions that offer Direct Connect support for AWS Transit Gateway, see AWS Transit Gateway support.

Related informationAWS Direct Connect virtual interfacesAccessing a remote AWS RegionWorking with Direct Connect gateways
Question: Why isn't my Amazon S3 lifecycle configuration rule transitioning objects into the INTELLIGENT_TIERING storage class?

I set a lifecycle configuration rule on my Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket that transitions objects to the INTELLIGENT_TIERING storage class. However, when I check my bucket, the storage class of my objects hasn't changed. How can I fix this?ResolutionCheck the size of the objects that aren't transitioning to the INTELLIGENT_TIERING storage class. An object must be larger than 128 KB for a lifecycle rule to transition it from STANDARD or STANDARD_IA to INTELLIGENT_TIERING. For more information, see Supported transitions and related constraints.Note: If an object is larger than 128 KB and hasn't yet transitioned to INTELLIGENT_TIERING, then the transition might require additional time to complete.If an object is smaller than 128 KB, then you can manually change the storage class to INTELLIGENT_TIERING using either the Amazon S3 console or API. Note that objects smaller than 128 KB are charged at the Frequent Access tier rates.When S3 Lifecycle processing runs daily, all objects in the bucket that match the rule are marked. The objects are marked for the action defined in the rule, and the expiration or transition of objects occurs asynchronously.
Question: How can I associate a Route 53 health check from a different AWS account to a record set in my account?

How can I associate an Amazon Route 53 health check from a different AWS account to a record set in my account?ResolutionNote: If you receive errors when running AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent AWS CLI version.You can associate a Route 53 health check with a record set, even if the health check and record set aren't in the same AWS account. To do this, use the AWS CLI to run the change-resource-record-sets command. Use CREATE or UPSERT to add or update a record set, specifying the health check ID from the other AWS account.aws route53 change-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id Z1XYZ123XYZ --change-batch file://route53.jsonNote: Be sure to replace the placeholders in the above command with your values.To confirm that the health check is available in the other account:In the Route 53 console, choose Health Checks. Then, check the Health check ID column to confirm that the correct health check is in use in the route53.json file.Use the list-resource-record-sets command.The route53.json file contains the following data:{  "Comment": "This is route53.json file",  "Changes": [    {      "Action": "CREATE",      "ResourceRecordSet": {        "Name": "abc.example.com",        "Type": "A",        "SetIdentifier": "primary-record",        "Failover": "PRIMARY",        "TTL": 60,        "ResourceRecords": [          {            "Value": "1.1.1.1"          }        ],        "HealthCheckId": "0385ed2d-d65c-4f63-a19b-2412a31ef431"      }    },    {      "Action": "CREATE",      "ResourceRecordSet": {        "Name": "abc.example.com",        "Type": "A",        "SetIdentifier": "secondary-record",        "Failover": "SECONDARY",        "TTL": 60,        "ResourceRecords": [          {            "Value": "2.2.2.2"          }        ]      }    }  ]}Important: The Route 53 console doesn't show the associated health check on the RRSet because the health check belongs to a different account. However, you can use the AWS CLI to see the associated health check for the RRSet:$ aws route53 list-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id Z1XYZ123XYZ --query "ResourceRecordSets[?Name == 'abc.example.com.']" --output json[  {    "HealthCheckId": "0385ed2d-d65c-4f63-a19b-2412a31ef431",    "Name": "abc.example.com.",     "Type": "A",     "Failover": "PRIMARY",   "ResourceRecords": [      {        "Value": "1.1.1.1"  }    ],     "TTL": 60,     "SetIdentifier": "primary-record"  },   {  "Name": "abc.example.com.",     "Type": "A",     "Failover": "SECONDARY",     "ResourceRecords": [  {        "Value": "2.2.2.2"      }    ],   "TTL": 60,     "SetIdentifier": "secondary-record"  }]Note: Be sure to replace the placeholders in this script with your values.
Question: How can I get an additional static IP address for my Amazon Lightsail account?

I want to add an additional static IP address to my Amazon Lightsail account. How do I do this?ResolutionBy default, Amazon Lightsail limits static IP addresses to 5 per Region. However, you can increase this limit by submitting a service quota increase request.Open the Service limit increase request form.Complete the form using the following information:Limit type: LightsailRegion: Choose the AWS Region to increase the limitsNote: Static IP addresses limits are specific to an AWS Region. Select the AWS Region where you require the quota increase.Limit: Choose Static IPsNew Limit value: Enter the number of static IP addresses required.Use case description: Enter a description of your specific use case for requesting additional static IP addresses.Choose Submit.Note: Static IP addresses that you detach from an instance remain in your account. However, if you delete a static IP address from your account, then you can't reassign it to another instance or add the same static IP address back to the account.It's a best practice to proactively monitor and manage your service quotas to be sure that you have enough quotas to support your usage requirements. Requests for Lightsail service quota increases are subject to review by AWS engineering teams. Service quota increase requests aren't processed immediately after you submit a request. You receive an email after your request is processed.For a list of other AWS services and their quotas, see AWS service quotas.
Question: How do I turn on log filtering in AWS WAF?

I don't want to log all requests that are analyzed by my web ACL but I do want to log the blocked requests. How can I do this in AWS WAF?ResolutionUse AWS WAF logs filtering to filter out log entries based on rule actions or labels generated by rules while evaluating requests. Logs filtering helps you to save Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose and storage costs by publishing only the logs that you select. For example, you can log only blocked requests.To filter AWS WAF logs, you must have activated AWS WAF logging. For instructions about activating AWS WAF logging, see How do I turn on AWS WAF logging and send logs to Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon S3, or Kinesis Data Firehose?Note: There's no additional charge for using AWS log filtering.Turn on AWS WAF log filteringOpen the AWS WAF console.For Region, select the AWS Region where you created your web ACL.Note: Select Global if your web ACL is set up for Amazon CloudFront.Select your web ACL.Choose Logging and Metrics.For Filter logs, choose Add filter.Add one or more filter conditions. Then, select the criteria to either Match all of the filter conditions or Match at least one of the filter conditions.For Filter conditions, select either Rule Action on request or Request has label.For Rule Action, filter based on action taken by rule, such as, Allow, Block, Count, or CAPTCHA.For Request has label, filter based on the label added to AWS WAF while evaluating requests.For Filter behavior, choose either Keep in logs or Drop from logs.Choose the Default logging behavior.Choose Save.Log only blocked requestsTo log only the blocked requests by AWS WAF, select the filtering based on Rule Action and action as Block.The Block action is a terminating action for AWS WAF. AWS WAF log filters check the terminating rule action of the AWS WAF log entry. If the action is Block, then the log entry is filtered and added to the log.Log the Count requests from a rule groupHow the rule in a rule group is set determines whether the logs are filtered or not filtered:When the action for a rule in a rule group is set to Count, the logs for the request matching against this rule don't contain a Count action for this rule. Instead, the AWS WAF logs show this rule under the excludedRules fields, which aren't checked when the AWS WAF logs are filtered for Count action. This means that these requests aren't be filtered by the log filtering for Count action.The request matching against a rule in a rule group where the rule group action is Override to Count is logged. For these requests, the AWS WAF log contains a Count action in the nonTerminatingMatchingRules field that is checked when filtering the Count action in AWS WAF logs.Note: EXCLUDED_AS_COUNT is a valid action type for log filtering. This option can be configured using the PutLoggingConfiguration API.
Question: How does Aurora MySQL or PostgreSQL distribute workload between reader nodes?

How does Amazon Aurora for MySQL or PostgreSQL distribute workload between reader nodes?ResolutionYou can use the reader endpoint to connect to the reader nodes in an Amazon Aurora cluster. To understand how Amazon Aurora distributes the workload between reader endpoints, see using the reader endpoint.To verify the rotation distribution of connections, run a shell command. To see how Aurora attempts to load balance your connections to the reader endpoint, run a command like this:while sleep 5; do dig xxx-cluster.cluster-ro-xxxxxx.us-east1.rds.amazonaws.com|grep CNAME; doneEach time you resolve the reader endpoint, you get an instance IP address that you can connect to. This IP address is chosen based on the rotation distribution.The DB connection to each read replica might not be distributed evenly in these scenarios:If a client caches DNS information, you might see a discrepancy in the distribution of the connections. This happens when the client connects to the same Aurora replica using cached connection settings. DNS caching can occur anywhere, including your network later, the operating system, or the application container.If the DB instance is in the process of failing over, then the reader endpoint might direct connections to the primary DB instance for the DB cluster for a short time. This happens when an Aurora replica is promoted to the primary DB instance.If the read replica is unavailable or fails a health check, then the connections might not be distributed evenly.If the application is written in Java and the TTL caching wasn't disabled or adjusted, then the connections might not be distributed evenly. For example, Java virtual machines (JVMs) might cache DNS indefinitely, if the DNS caching isn't configured otherwise. For more information, see setting the JVM TTL for DNS name lookups.If the connections occur at the same time, then the connections are sent to the same reader endpoint.You can use custom endpoints if you want more flexibility when managing the distribution of your workload. For example, you might use custom endpoints if you use different DB instance sizes within the cluster. For more information, see using custom endpoints.

Related informationAmazon Aurora connection management
Question: How do I resolve permission errors in QuickSight when I generate an embedded QuickSight dashboard URL for unregistered users?

I want to generate an embedded Amazon QuickSight dashboard URL for unregistered QuickSight users so that I can embed the dashboard into a web application. But, I receive permission errors.

Short descriptionThe AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user or role that the backend or web server uses must have permission to generate an embedded QuickSight dashboard URL for unregistered users. If the IAM user or role doesn't have the correct permission, then you receive the following errors:IAM userAn error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser operation: User: arn:aws:iam::XXXXXXXXXXX:user/user1 is not authorized to perform: quicksight:GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser on resource: arn:aws:quicksight:region:XXXXXXXXXXX:namespace/default because no identity-based policy allows the quicksight:GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser actionIAM roleAn error occurred (AccessDeniedException) when calling the GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser operation: User: arn:aws:sts::XXXXXXXXXXX:user:assumed-role/role-name/policy-name is not authorized to perform: quicksight:GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser on resource: arn:aws:quicksight:region:XXXXXXXXXXX:user:namespace/default because no identity-based policy allows the quicksight:GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser actionTo resolve these errors, you must attach an IAM policy with the required permission.

ResolutionAttach the following IAM policy for the quicksight:GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser action to the IAM user or role that's used to call the GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser API:{  "Version": "2012-10-17",  "Statement": [    {      "Effect": "Allow",      "Action": "quicksight:GenerateEmbedUrlForAnonymousUser",      "Resource": [        "arn:aws:quicksight:<region>:<AWS Account ID>:namespace/<namespace>",        "arn:aws:quicksight:<region>:<AWS Account ID>:dashboard/<Dashboard ID>"      ]    }  ]}Note: Session capacity pricing must be active on the QuickSight account to embed the QuickSight dashboard URL for unregistered users. If it's not active, then the user receives the error UnsupportedPricingPlanException.

Related informationEmbedding QuickSight data dashboards for everyone
Question: How can I expand an existing EBS volume on my Amazon EC2 Windows instance?

I'm running out of disk space on my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Windows instance. How can I expand my existing Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes?ResolutionYou can use Elastic Volumes to modify the size, performance, and volume type of your existing Amazon EBS volumes. Before you modify an EBS volume, it's a best practice to create an Amazon EBS snapshot of the volume.When you're ready, modify the EBS volume using either the Amazon EC2 console, or the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI).Note: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.If you modify the size of an EBS volume, be sure to extend the Windows file system after resizing the volume.

Related informationHow do I attach a new EBS volume to a running Amazon EC2 Windows instance?Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)Best practices for Windows on Amazon EC2
Question: What are best practices for Redis clients and ElastiCache for Redis?

I want to improve the reliability and performance of my Elasticache for Redis. What are the best practices for connecting ElastiCache for Redis from client libraries?ResolutionAmazon ElastiCache for Redis doesn't have a preference on the client library type used. You can use any client library supported by Redis. Redis supports a wide variety of libraries. Choosing a library type depends on programming language preference and the features offered by the library. It's a best practice to check the documentation provided by the library before deciding which client library is best for your use cases.Regardless of the client library that you use, follow the best practices for interacting with ElastiCache for Redis. Doing so improves the performance and reliability of your ElastiCache environments. For more information, see Best practices: Redis clients and Amazon ElastiCache for Redis for more details.