VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: Why am I receiving an error when I try to create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling lifecycle hook?

I'm receiving a validation error when I try to create an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Auto Scaling lifecycle hook. The error reads "Unable to publish test message to notification target" or "Please check your target and role configuration and try to put lifecycle hook again." How do I troubleshoot these errors?Short descriptionTo publish a message to the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS), the lifecycle hook's AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role must:Be different from the IAM role assigned to the instance.Be listed as a key user on the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key policy.Have a trust policy attached for the Auto Scaling service.Include specific managed policy actions.Be associated with the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group.Have access to the encryption key used by Amazon SQS.Resolution1.    Confirm that you're using an IAM role for the lifecycle hook that's different from the IAM role you've assigned to the instance.Note: You can create an IAM role, or use the following AWS managed role that has all of the necessary permissions:arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AutoScalingNotificationAccessRole2.    Verify that the role is included as a key user on the KMS key policy. To do this:Open the AWS KMS console.Select the KMS key.Verify that the role is listed under Key users on the Key policy tab. If the role isn't listed, search for it, and then select Add.3.    Be sure that the IAM role for the lifecycle hook has a trust policy attached for the Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling service.{  "Version": "2012-10-17",  "Statement": [    {      "Effect": "Allow",      "Principal": {        "Service": "autoscaling.amazonaws.com"      },      "Action": "sts:AssumeRole"    }  ]}4.    Verify that the managed policy for the lifecycle hook's IAM role includes the following actions:For SQS messagessqs:SendMessagesqs:GetQueueUrlFor SNS notificationssns:Publish5.    In the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), run the aws autoscaling put-lifecycle-hook command.6.    Run the command below to confirm that the lifecycle hook is associated with the Auto Scaling group.aws autoscaling describe-lifecycle-hooks --auto-scaling-group-name "ExampleSQSQueueName"Note: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.

Related informationAmazon EC2 Auto Scaling lifecycle hooks
Question: Why did the AWS Config auto remediation action for the SSM document AWS-ConfigureS3BucketLogging fail with the error "(MalformedXML)" when calling the PutBucketLogging API?

I want to troubleshoot the errors that I get when I set up auto remediation for non-compliant Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) resources.

Short descriptionUsing auto remediation to address non-compliant Amazon S3 buckets can generate errors. The following types of errors may occur when you use the AWS SSM Automation document AWS-ConfigureS3BucketLogging with the AWS Config managed rule s3-bucket-logging-enabled:AWS Config console error “Action execution failed (details)."AWS Systems Manager console error "Step fails when it is Execute/Cancelling action. An error occurred (MalformedXML) when calling the PutBucketLogging operation: The XML you provided was not well-formed or did not validate against our published schema. Please refer to the Automation Service Troubleshooting Guide for more diagnosis details."AWS CloudTrail event PutBucketLogging error "The XML you provided was not well-formed or did not validate against our published schema."Remediation fails when an Amazon S3 bucket, configured as a target bucket to receive server access logging, does not allow the Log Delivery group write access.

ResolutionGrant the Amazon S3 Log Delivery group write access in the target bucket's access control list (ACL). See How do I set ACL bucket permissions? for more information.

Related informationHow do I enable server access logging for an S3 bucket?How can I be notified when an AWS resource is non-compliant using AWS Config?How can I troubleshoot AWS Config console error messages?
Question: How can I configure an AWS Glue ETL job to output larger files?

I want to configure an AWS Glue ETL job to output a small number of large files instead of a large number of small files.

ResolutionUse any of the following methods to reduce the number of output files for an AWS Glue ETL job.Increase the value of the groupSize parameterGrouping is automatically enabled when you use dynamic frames and when the Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) dataset has more than 50,000 files. Increase this value to create fewer, larger output files. For more information, see Reading input files in larger groups.In the following example, groupSize is set to 10485760 bytes (10 MB):dyf = glueContext.create_dynamic_frame_from_options("s3", {'paths': ["s3://awsexamplebucket/"], 'groupFiles': 'inPartition', 'groupSize': '10485760'}, format="json")Note: The groupSize and groupFiles parameters are supported only in the following data formats: csv, ion, grokLog, json, and xml. This option is not supported for avro, parquet, and orc.Use coalesce(N) or repartition(N)1.    (Optional) Calculate your target number of partitions (N) based on the input data set size. Use the following formula:targetNumPartitions = 1 Gb * 1000 Mb/10 Mb = 100Note: In this example, the input size is 1 GB, and the target output is 10 MB. This calculation allows you to control the size of your output file .2.    Check the current number of partitions using the following code:currentNumPartitions = dynamic_frame.getNumPartitions()Note: When you repartition, targetNumPartitions should be smaller than currentNumPartitions.   Use an Apache Spark coalesce() operation to reduce the number of Spark output partitions before writing to Amazon S3. This reduces the number of output files. For example:dynamic_frame_with_less_partitions=dynamic_frame.coalesce(targetNumPartitions)Keep in mind:coalesce() performs Spark data shuffles, which can significantly increase the job run time.If you specify a small number of partitions, then the job might fail. For example, if you run coalesce(1), Spark tries to put all data into a single partition. This can lead to disk space issues.You can also use repartition() to decrease the number of partitions. However, repartition() reshuffles all data. The coalesce() operation uses existing partitions to minimize the number of data shuffles. For more information on using repartition(), see Spark Repartition on the eduCBA website.Use maxRecordsPerFileUse the Spark write() method to control the maximum record count per file. The following example sets the maximum record count to 20:df.write.option("compression", "gzip").option("maxRecordsPerFile",20).json(s3_path)Note: The maxRecordsPerFile option acts only as an upper limit for the record count per file. The record count of each file will be less than or equal to the number specified. If the value is zero or negative, then there is no limit.

Related informationFix the processing of multiple files using grouping
Question: How do I resolve "Model Validation Failed" errors in CloudFormation?

When I create a resource with AWS CloudFormation, I receive a "Model Validation Failed" error in my stack events.

Short descriptionType, Allowed values, Minimum, Maximum, and Pattern values are the acceptance criteria for creating a resource property using a CloudFormation template. If one of these property values isn't correctly defined, then you receive one of the following "Model Validation Failed" errors:Model Validation Failed (#PropertyName: Failed validation constraint for keyword [type])Model Validation Failed (#PropertyName: Failed validation constraint for keyword [pattern])Model validation failed (#PropertyName: expected type: Number, found: String)Note: The preceding error messages are examples. In the error that you receive, PropertyName is specified.

ResolutionIn the CloudFormation stack event, identify the property of the resource type that failed. For example, Namespace is a property of the resource AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm.Identify the resource type that's experiencing the error. For example, AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm.Look up the properties of the resource.Compare the property values that are defined in the template with the correct property values that you found in step 3.Note: Some properties don't include minimum or maximum character limit values.If the property values of the resource don't meet the acceptance criteria, then edit the template with the required values.Update the CloudFormation stack with the new template.The following is an example of acceptance criteria for the Namespace property for resource type AWS::CloudWatch:Alarm:Required: NoType: StringMinimum: 1Maximum: 255Pattern: [^:].*Update requires: No interruptionNote: For the Namespace criteria to be accepted, the Type must be String, the character limit must be between 1 and 255, and the Pattern must be [^:].*.
Question: Why is my EC2 instance stuck in the stopping state?

I tried to stop my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance and now it is stuck in the stopping state. How do I fix this?Short descriptionInstances might appear "stuck" in the stopping state when there is a problem with the underlying hardware hosting the instance. This can also occur when hibernating a hibernation-enabled instance.Note: To check the most recent state of your instance, choose the refresh icon in the Amazon EC2 console. Or, run the describe-instances command in the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI).If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.In the following example, replace i-0123ab456c789d01e with the ID of the instance you're trying to stop:aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids i-0123ab456c789d01e --output jsonCheck the State Code and Name in the JSON response:"State": {                        "Code": 64,                         "Name": "stopping"                    },ResolutionIf your instance becomes stuck in the stopping state, refer to Troubleshooting stopping your instance.
Question: How do I use source filters in my AWS DMS tasks?

How can I use source filters in my AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) tasks?ResolutionOpen the AWS DMS console, and then choose Database migration tasks from the navigation pane.Choose Create task.Enter the details for your Task configuration and Task settings. By default, the Task settings are Drop tables on target and Limited LOB mode.Select Enable CloudWatch logs.In the Table mappings section, choose Guided UI.Choose Add new selection rule.Select a Schema, and enter a Table name.For Action, choose Include.In the Table mappings section, expand Selection rules.Next to Source filters, add a Schema and Table name, and then choose Add column filter.Enter a Column name.Choose a Condition, such as Less than or equal to, and then enter a value.Choose Create task.To modify an existing task, you must first stop the task. Then, you can select the task and choose Modify.

Related informationUsing table mapping to specify task settingsCreating a task
Question: How do I troubleshoot IKEv2 tunnel stability issues during a rekey?

I created an AWS Virtual Private Network (AWS VPN) connection using IKEv2. The VPN tunnels were up and working, but they went down during a rekey and aren't coming back up. How do I troubleshoot this?ResolutionTo troubleshoot IKEv2 tunnel stability issues during a rekey:Confirm that "Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)" is activated on the customer gateway for the Phase 2 configuration.If your customer gateway is configured as a policy-based VPN, then determine if you must reconfigure your VPN connection to use specific traffic selectors. By default, AWS VPN endpoints are configured as route-based VPNs. AWS initiates a child security association (SA) rekey using 0.0.0.0/0, 0.0.0.0/0 for the traffic selectors. Some customer gateway devices don't accept the Phase 2 rekey initiated by AWS. This is because the traffic selectors on AWS VPN endpoints don't match the traffic selectors that are configured on the customer gateway device. In this case, you can configure your AWS VPN connection to use specific traffic selectors that match with customer gateway.To configure a new VPN connection to use specific traffic selectors:1.    For Local IPv4 Network CIDR, specify the on-premises (customer side) CIDR range.2.    For Remote IPv4 Network CIDR, specify the AWS side CIDR range.To configure an existing VPN connection to use specific traffic selectors:1.    Select the AWS VPN connection where you must modify the traffic selectors on the AWS side.    2.    Choose Actions, then choose Modify VPN Connection Options from the dropdown list.3.    For Local IPv4 Network CIDR, specify the on-premises (customer side) CIDR range.4.    For Remote IPv4 Network CIDR, specify the AWS side CIDR range.5.    Choose Save.Note: The VPN connection is temporarily unavailable for a brief period while the VPN connection is updated.Important: When you modify the VPN connection options, neither of the following change:VPN endpoint IP addresses on the AWS sideTunnel options
Question: Why can't I access a VPC to launch my Amazon Redshift cluster?

I want to launch an Amazon Redshift cluster in a specific Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC). However, I can't access my VPC from the dropdown list.

Short descriptionYou might not be able to select and access your VPC for the following reasons:The VPC doesn't exist in the same AWS Region where you're trying to create your Amazon Redshift cluster in.The VPC isn't associated with a cluster subnet group.

ResolutionTo access your VPC in Amazon Redshift, perform the following steps:1.    Create a VPC in the same Region where you want to launch an Amazon Redshift cluster.2.    Create a cluster subnet group.Note: To improve fault tolerance, it's a best practice to create a cluster subnet group with two or more subnets from different Availability Zones. However, all the nodes in a cluster must be in the same Availability Zone.3.    Launch an Amazon Redshift cluster into the VPC. In the Additional configurations section, switch off Use defaults. Then, choose the VPC that you want from the dropdown list.

Related informationAmazon Redshift cluster subnet groups
Question: How do I troubleshoot InsufficientInstanceCapacity errors when starting or launching an EC2 instance?

I'm unable to start or launch my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance, and I'm receiving an insufficient capacity error. How can I troubleshoot this issue and be sure that I have enough capacity for my critical machines?Short descriptionIf AWS doesn't currently have enough available On-Demand capacity to complete your request, you'll receive the following InsufficientInstanceCapacity error:"An error occurred (InsufficientInstanceCapacity) when calling the RunInstances operation (reached max retries: 4). We currently do not have sufficient capacity in the Availability Zone you requested."ResolutionIf you receive this error, do the following:For troubleshooting steps, see Insufficient instance capacity.If the preceding troubleshooting steps don't resolve the problem, then you can move the instance to another VPC or to another subnet and Availability Zone.To avoid insufficient capacity errors on critical machines, consider using On-Demand Capacity Reservations. To use an On-Demand Capacity Reservation, do the following:Create the Capacity Reservation in an Availability Zone.Launch critical instances into your Capacity Reservation. You can view real-time Capacity Reservation usage, and launch instances into it as needed.

Related informationWhy am I unable to start or launch my EC2 instance?
Question: How can I use Sysprep to create and install custom reusable Windows AMIs?

I want to use Sysprep to capture and install a custom reusable Windows Amazon Machine Image (AMI).

Short descriptionYou can use Sysprep, a Microsoft tool, to capture custom Windows images. Sysprep removes unique information from an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Windows instance. This information includes the instance security identifiers (SID), computer name, and drivers.

ResolutionBefore you run Sysprep, consider the following points:Don't use Sysprep to create a backup for your instance.Don't run Sysprep on a production system.Sysprep isn't supported on Windows Server 2016 Nano Server.For Windows Server 2008 through Windows Server 2012 R2, run Sysprep with EC2Config.For Windows Server 2016 or later, run Sysprep with EC2Launch.Run Sysprep with EC2Config or EC2Launch1.    Open the Amazon EC2 console, and then connect to your Windows EC2 instance using Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).Note: To create a standard custom image without Sysprep, see Create a Windows AMI from a running instance. Be sure to note the AMI ID.2.    From the Windows Start menu, complete the following steps:For Windows Server 2008 through Windows Server 2012 R2, open EC2ConfigService Settings, and then choose the Image tab.For Windows Server 2016 or later, open EC2LaunchSettings.3.    For Administrator Password, choose Random.4.    Choose Shutdown with Sysprep.5.    Choose Yes.Note: You must retrieve the new password from the EC2 console on the next boot.6.    Open the Amazon EC2 console, and then choose Instances from the navigation pane.7.    After the instance state changes to stopped, select your instance.8.    For Actions, choose Image, Create image.For Image name, enter a name.(Optional) For Image description, enter a description.9.    Choose Create image.For more information and customization options, see Create a standardized Amazon Machine Image (AMI) using Sysprep.If you receive error messages or experience issues when using Sysprep, then see Troubleshoot Sysprep.You can also use EC2Rescue for Windows Server to collect log files and troubleshoot issues.

Related informationWhat is Sysprep? (Microsoft)How do I create an AMI that is based on my EBS-backed EC2 instance?How do I launch an EC2 instance from a custom AMI?Why can't I launch EC2 instances from my copied AMI?
Question: How do I connect agents in my Amazon Connect contact center to incoming calls automatically?

When agents in my Amazon Connect contact center are available, I want them to connect to incoming calls automatically. How do I set that up?ResolutionActivate Auto-Accept Call for your agents in Amazon Connect. When the Auto-Accept Call setting is turned on for an available agent, the agent connects to incoming contacts automatically.Auto-Accept Call doesn't work for callbacks.Note: You must edit existing users individually to activate the Auto-Accept Call setting in your Amazon Connect instance. However, you can configure the setting for multiple new users when you bulk upload users with the CSV template.
Question: "How do I convert a .pem file to .ppk, or from .ppk to .pem, on Windows and Linux?"

I want to convert my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Privacy Enhanced Mail (.pem) file to a PuTTY Private Key (.ppk) file. Or, I want to convert a .ppk file to a .pem file.

Short descriptionPuTTY doesn't natively support the private key format (.pem) generated by Amazon EC2. You must convert your private key into a .ppk file before you can connect to your instance using PuTTY. Use the PuTTYgen tool for this conversion.

ResolutionWindows - install PuTTYgenMost Windows operating systems have PuTTY installed. If your system doesn't, then download and install PuTTYgen from the SSH website.Windows - convert a .pem file to a .ppk fileStart PuTTYgen, and then convert the .pem file to a .ppk file. For detailed steps, see Convert your private key using PuTTYgen.Windows - convert a .ppk file to a .pem file1.    Start PuTTYgen. For Actions, choose Load, and then navigate to your .ppk file.2.    Choose the .ppk file, and then choose Open.3.    (Optional) For Key passphrase, enter a passphrase. For Confirm passphrase, re-enter your passphrase.Note: Although a passphrase isn't required, it's a best practice to specify one. This is a security measure to protect the private key from unauthorized use. A passphrase makes automation difficult, because users must manually log in to an instance or copy files to an instance.4.    From the menu at the top of the PuTTY Key Generator, choose Conversions, Export OpenSSH Key.Note: If you didn't enter a passphrase, then you receive a PuTTYgen warning. Choose Yes.5.    Name the file and add the .pem extension.6.    Choose Save.Unix or Linux - install PuTTYInstall PuTTY, if it's not already on your system.Important: The Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) repository contains the PuTTY package. You must activate the EPEL repository before you install PuTTY.To install PuTTY, run one of the following commands:RPM-based$ sudo yum install puttyDpkg-based$sudo apt-get install putty-toolsUnix or Linux - convert a .pem file to a .ppk fileOn the instance shell, run the puttygen command to convert your .pem file to a .ppk file:$ sudo puttygen pemKey.pem -o ppkKey.ppk -O privateUnix or Linux - convert a .ppk file to a .pem fileRun the puttygen command to convert a .ppk file into a .pem file:$ sudo puttygen ppkkey.ppk -O private-openssh -o pemkey.pem

Related informationAmazon EC2 key pairs and Linux instances
Question: How do I troubleshoot SSML issues in Amazon Connect?

The Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) syntax in my Play prompt contact block isn’t working. How do I troubleshoot issues with SSML tags in Amazon Connect?ResolutionTo resolve issues with SSML syntax in Amazon Connect, first review this article to identify the specific issue that you’re experiencing. Then, follow the troubleshooting steps listed for that issue.Note: This article covers the most common reasons why SSML issues can occur in Amazon Connect only. Additional troubleshooting steps might be needed for your specific use case.If your contact flow skips the Play prompt block after you’ve configured the block to interpret text to speech as SSMLReview your SSML syntax to identify any reserved characters. Then, replace each reserved character with its corresponding escape code.For a list of reserved characters and their corresponding escape codes, see Reserved Characters in SSML.SSML escape code examplePlain text: You’ve ordered bananas & apples.SSML syntax: <speak>You&apos;ve ordered bananas &amp; apples.</speak>If the contact attributes in your SSML tags aren’t workingReview the contact attributes in your SSML tags to verify the following:That you’re using supported SSML tags onlyThat the tags include quotes around each contact attributeThat the contact attributes you're using in your tags exist, and that they don't include any typosSSML tag example that includes the "$Attributes.time" contact attribute<speak>Your order for <break time="$.Attributes.time"/> $.Attributes.ordername is completed. No further action needed.</speak>If your prompt is still played in an English accent (voice) after you’ve added a <lang> tag for another languageThe default voice for the Amazon Connect text-to-speech (TTS) feature is configured to American English (en-US). This default voice isn't changed when you change the language of your message using SSML syntax.To change the default voice, you must use a Set voice contact block by doing the following:1.    In your contact flow, add a Set voice block before the Play prompt block.2.    Choose the block title (Set voice). The block's settings menu opens.3.    For Language, select the language that you want customers to hear from the dropdown list.4.    For Voice, select the voice that you want customers to hear from the dropdown list.Note: For a list of AWS Regions that support neural voices, see Feature and Region compatibility in the Amazon Polly developer guide.5.    Choose Save.