VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: How can I retrieve an Amazon S3 object that I deleted?

I want to retrieve an object that I deleted from my Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket.

ResolutionYou can retrieve an object that you deleted from an Amazon S3 bucket when either of the following conditions are true:You turned on versioning for the bucket.The object is replicated to another S3 bucket through S3 replication or backed up using AWS Backup.Retrieve an object that was deleted from a bucket that was versioning-enabledIf the request to delete the object didn't include the version-id of the object, then you can retrieve the object. For more information, see How can I retrieve an Amazon S3 object that was deleted in a versioning-enabled bucket?Retrieve an object that was replicated through S3 replicationIf the object was replicated through S3 replication, you can access the replica of the object by doing the following:Open the Amazon S3 console.In the list of buckets, choose the name of the bucket where your deleted object was replicated to.In the list of objects, look for the replica of the object.Retrieve an object that was backed up using AWS BackupYou can use the restore operation from AWS Backup to restore the entire S3 bucket, folders, or objects within the bucket. For more information, see Restoring S3 backups.
Question: "I dropped a user from an Amazon Redshift database, but the user still appears in the pg_class table"

Why do deleted Amazon Redshift users still appear in the pg_class table but not the pg_user table?Short descriptionDeleted users can still appear in the pg_class table when the dropped user owns an object in another database in the cluster. The DROP USER command only checks the current database for objects that are owned by the user who is about to be dropped. If the user owns an object in another database, then no errors are thrown. Instead, the dropped user retains ownership of the object and the usesysid still appears in the pg_class table.

ResolutionRun the following command on each database in your cluster. This command checks for objects that are owned by deleted users.select distinct schemaname, tablename, tableowner from pg_tables where tableowner like '%unknown%';If a deleted user still owns objects in a database, you get an output similar to the following. The tableowner is "unknown" because the owner was deleted from the pg_user table, where usenames are stored.demo_localdb=# select distinct schemaname, tablename, tableowner from pg_tables where tableowner like '%unknown%';  schemaname |    tablename    |    tableowner     ------------+-----------------+------------------- demo_local | orders_nocomp_2 | unknown (UID=114) demo_local | orders_nocomp_3 | unknown (UID=115)(2 rows)Use the ALTER TABLE command to transfer ownership of the objects. In the following example, the new owner is userc.alter table demo_local.orders_nocomp_2 owner to userc;PreventionBefore dropping a user, run the following query to find objects that they own. (You can also use the v_find_dropuser_objs view to do this.) In the following example, the user is labuser.SELECT decode(pgc.relkind,             'r','Table',             'v','View'       ) ,       pgu.usename,       pgu.usesysid,       nc.nspname,       pgc.relname,       'alter table ' || QUOTE_IDENT(nc.nspname) || '.' || QUOTE_IDENT(pgc.relname) || ' owner to 'FROM pg_class pgc,     pg_user pgu,     pg_namespace ncWHERE pgc.relnamespace = nc.oidAND   pgc.relkind IN ('r','v')AND   pgu.usesysid = pgc.relownerAND nc.nspname NOT ILIKE 'pg\_temp\_%'AND pgu.usename = 'labuser'This query might not find users who own schemas that were created with a command similar to the following. In this example, labuser is the schema owner.create schema demo_local authorization labuser;Users with schema-level authorizations can't be dropped unless the schema is transferred to a new owner. Here's an example of how to transfer ownership to userc:alter table demo_local.orders_nocomp_2 owner to userc;Related informationHow do I resolve the "user cannot be dropped" error in Amazon Redshift?Querying the catalog tablesView database users
Question: How do I set up table mappings in AWS DMS?

How do I set up table mappings in AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)?ResolutionUse the steps in this article to set up table mapping on your AWS DMS task using the AWS DMS console. For more information on working with table mapping and how it can be used, see Using table mapping to specify task settings. You can also use transformations in a table mapping to perform tasks like renaming tables, and removing a table column. You must choose at least one selection rule for your task to work correctly, and to use transformation rules on your task. For more information, see the limitations of using transformation rules.Follow these steps to set up table mappings.Open the AWS DMS console, and then choose Database migration tasks from the navigation pane.Choose Create task.Enter the details for your Task configuration and Task settings.Choose Enable CloudWatch logs.From the Table mappings section, choose Guided UI. You can also choose JSON editor to enter the mappings in JSON format.From the Selection rules section, choose Add new selection rule.Note: To add more than one selection rule, choose Add new selection rule again.Enter your Schema and a Table name. Enter % to select all available schemas or tables.For Action, choose Include or Exclude.Choose Create task.To add table mappings to a task that already exists:Choose Database migration tasks from the navigation pane.Choose your task, choose Actions, and then choose Modify.From the Table mappings section, expand Selection rules, and then choose Add new selection rule.Enter the details of your selection rule, and then choose Save.

Related informationCreating a taskTroubleshooting migration tasks in AWS Database Migration ServiceHow can I turn on monitoring for an AWS DMS task?
Question: How do I troubleshoot issues with real-time metrics in Amazon Connect?

In Amazon Connect, I want to troubleshoot common issues with real-time metrics.

ResolutionBefore troubleshooting issues with real-time metrics, be sure you have the permissions required to view real-time metric reports.Real-time metrics refreshThe numerical data for real-time metrics updates every 15 seconds for active pages. The real-time metrics reflect Agent status changes in the dashboard between Active, Availability, Missed, and Occupancy, with a small delay.Note: The Amazon Connect near real-time metrics refresh about a minute after a contact ends.Agent statusOnly agents who are logged in are seen in the real-time metrics dashboard. Agents that are logged out won't be seen in the real-time metrics dashboard.Viewing all queuesOnly active queues are seen on the real-time metrics report page. If you want to see multiple queues, then change the time range displayed.Note: The real-time metrics reports pull only the first 100 queues for active data. Active queues greater than 100 won't be seen.Barge live conversationsError message: Something went wrong-or-Failed to Monitor Agent DataTo troubleshoot issues with the barge feature, be sure you have turned on the Enhanced Monitoring capability. Also, be sure you have assigned the correct security profile permissions to barge a live conversation.Note: The status of the agent must be Available to barge a call.To barge a call, you must also set recording and analytics behavior in the contact flow. If the Set recording and analytics behavior flow block is missing, then you see a 400 Bad Request HTTP error.If you still can't barge a live conversation, then do the following:Create a HAR file to capture the events when using the barge feature.Create an AWS Support case.Attach the HAR file to the support case.APIs for real-time metricsThe GetCurrentMetricData API retrieves all the values of the real-time metrics dashboard. The dashboard is generated based on the values retrieved from the GetCurrentMetricData API.Contacts removed from the queue percentageReal-time metrics include SL X for contacts removed from the queue between zero and X (service level time in seconds). Both zero and X are considered in the calculations. This means that if the service level is 30, then the percentage of contacts removed from the queue between zero and 30 includes 30.For example, if you preset your X to 30, then the percentage of contacts removed from the queue calculation is between zero and 30. In this example, when calculating the service level of 30, the SL X metric includes both zero and 30 in the calculation.
Question: How do I add a second Elastic IP address to an elastic network interface attached to my EC2 instance running CentOS 6 or RHEL 6?

How do I add a second Elastic IP address to an elastic network interface attached to my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance running CentOS 6 or RHEL 6 and have it persist during bootup?Short descriptionWhen you add a second Elastic IP address to an elastic network interface, that Elastic IP address is lost when you reboot the interface. To make the second Elastic IP address persist during the reboot, you must create a second interface configuration file (ICF).ICFs control the software interfaces for individual network devices. The system uses these files as it boots to determine what interfaces to bring up and how to configure them.The default ICF is /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0. When two Elastic IP addresses exist on a single interface, the second Elastic IP address becomes ":1"—that is, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1.

ResolutionCreate a second interface configuration file1.    Attach two Elastic IP addresses to the elastic network interface from the Amazon EC2 console. For more information, see Multiple IP addresses.2.    Use the touch command to create the ifcfg-eth0:1 file for the second Elastic IP address in the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory:$ sudo touch /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:13.    Add the following parameters to the ifcfg-eth0:1 file:DEVICE=eth0:1BOOTPROTO=staticNETMASK=255.255.255.0ONBOOT=yesTYPE=EthernetIPADDR=172.31.34.195Note: IPADDR uses the private IP address associated with the second Elastic IP address you associated with the interface. After you select your instance, you can find the private IP address in the Amazon EC2 console under Secondary private IPs.Change the context of the second ICF to match the default ICF1.    To view the security context of the ifcfg-eth0:1 file, use the –Z option with the ls command:$ ls -Z ifcfg-eth*2.    Change the user to system_u using the –u option with the chcon command:$ sudo chcon -u system_u ifcfg-eth0:13.    Change the type to net_conf_t using the –t option with the chcon command:$ sudo chcon -t net_conf_t ifcfg-eth0:14.    Compare the two files by running the following command:$ ls -Z ifcfg-eth0*-rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0  ifcfg-eth0-rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0  ifcfg-eth0:1Bring up the interface1.    Bring up the second interface by running the ifup command:$ sudo ifup eth0:12.    If there are issues with the second ICF, run the ethtool command to verify detection of the second ICF:$ ethtool eth0:1The output appears similar to the following:Settings for eth0:1:Link detected: yesIf the output isn't as expected, run the ifup command and verify that the second interface is present. Then, review the ICF file to be sure that it is correct, and reload it.Reboot the instanceReboot your instance by running the reboot command.

Related informationElastic IP addressesElastic network interfaces
Question: How can I receive Amazon SNS notifications when my AWS Glue job changes states?

I want to get a notification when an AWS Glue extract, transform, and load (ETL) job succeeds, fails, times out, or stops.

Short descriptionCreate and subscribe to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Then, create an Amazon EventBridge event rule for each state change that you want to monitor.Note: For this issue, it's a best practice to use Amazon EventBridge instead of Amazon CloudWatch.

ResolutionCreate and subscribe to an Amazon SNS topic1.    Open the Amazon SNS console.2.    Select Topics, and then select Create topic.3.    Enter a Topic name. The Display name field is optional.4.    Select Create topic.5.    Select Subscriptions from the navigation pane. Then, choose Create subscription.6.    Under Details, complete the following fields:        For Topic ARN, choose the ARN of the topic that you created.        For Protocol, choose Email.        For Endpoint, enter the email address that you want the notifications to be sent to.7.    Select Create subscription.8.    Check your email account, and wait to receive a subscription confirmation email message. When you receive it, select the Confirm subscription link.Create an EventBridge event rule1.    Open the EventBridge console.2.    In the navigation pane, select Rules, and then select Create rule.3.    Enter a name for your rule. Leave the other fields as their default selections, and then select Next.4.    Scroll down to the Creation method section, and choose Custom pattern (JSON editor).5.    In the Event pattern box, enter code similar to the following. Replace job_name with the name of your AWS Glue ETL job. For state, enter the state changed that you want to be notified about (SUCCEEDED, FAILED, TIMEOUT, or STOPPED). Create separate event rules for each state change that you want to monitor:{  "detail-type": "Glue Job State Change",  "source": "aws.glue",  "detail": {    "jobName": "MyJob",    "state": "SUCCEEDED"  }}6.    Select Next. This brings you to the Select target(s) page.7.    For Target types, choose AWS service. Then, choose SNS topic from the dropdown list.8.    In the Topic dropdown list, choose the name of the SNS topic that you created earlier.9.    Select Next. This brings you to the Configure tags - optional page. Select Next, and then select Create rule.To test the event rule and SNS topic, run an AWS Glue job. Verify that you receive an email notification when the job changes to the state that you specified in the event rule.

Related informationHow can I use an AWS Lambda function to receive SNS alerts when an AWS Glue job fails a retry?How can I automatically start an AWS Glue job when a crawler run completes?Automating AWS Glue with CloudWatch EventsAWS Glue Events
Question: Why did GuardDuty send me alert findings for a trusted IP list address?

I followed the instructions to set up a trusted IP address list for Amazon GuardDuty. Why is GuardDuty sending me alert findings for my trusted IP address?ResolutionUse the following best practices to verify the trusted IP list settings:Be sure that the trusted IP lists uploaded in the same AWS Region as your GuardDuty findings.Verify that the trusted IP lists are activated. For instructions, see To activate or deactivate trusted IP lists and threat lists.If you changed the trusted IP list, you must reactivate it in GuardDuty. For instructions, see To update trusted IP lists and threat lists.Be sure that IP addresses added in the trusted IP list are publicly routable IPv4 addresses. Support for IPv6 addresses isn't available.Adding a domain name, private IP address, or IPv6 address in a trusted IP list doesn't prevent GuardDuty from generating findings.In member accounts, GuardDuty generates findings for malicious IP addresses from the threat lists uploaded in the GuardDuty administrator account, not the trusted IP lists. For more information, see Managing GuardDuty accounts with AWS Organizations.

Related informationWorking with trusted IP lists and threat listsHow to use Amazon GuardDuty and AWS Web Application Firewall to automatically block suspicious hosts
Question: How do I modify the values of an Amazon RDS DB parameter group?

How do I modify the values of an Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) DB parameter group? How can I resolve an issue that I experienced when trying to change my Amazon RDS DB instance configuration?Short descriptionYou can modify parameter values in a custom DB parameter group. However, you can't change the parameter values in a default DB parameter group. If you're experiencing an issue while modifying the value of a DB parameter group, review the following common issues:If you use commands such as SET, you might receive an error, because these commands can't be used to update RDS DB instance configurations.If you can't update the DB instance configuration, it might be because you can't change the values of a default RDS DB parameter group.If you changed the parameter values but the changes aren't in effect, it might be because not all modifications are applied immediately.If you can't modify DB parameters under any circumstances, it might be because the parameter's property value for Is Modifiable is false.For more information, see Working with DB parameter groups.

ResolutionTo change an RDS DB instance configuration, you must change the parameter values of the DB parameter group for your RDS DB instance. To modify an RDS DB instance configuration, follow these steps:Create a DB parameter group.View the parameter values for a DB parameter group to confirm that the Is Modifiable property is true.Modify the parameters in a DB parameter group.After the custom DB parameter group is applied (by using Apply immediately or by using Apply during the maintenance window), the DB parameter group status for that instance changes to pending-reboot in Amazon RDS console. This means that the parameter group is applied, but the parameter changes aren't applied yet. After a manual reboot of the RDS DB instance, the parameter changes are applied and the DB parameter group status for the instance changes from pending-reboot to in-sync.DB instances require a manual reboot in the following circumstances:If you replace the current parameter group with a different parameter group.If you modify and save a static parameter in a custom parameter group.Static parameter change takes effect after you manually reboot the RDS DB instance. For more information, see Modifying parameters in a DB parameter group.A reboot doesn't occur in the following circumstances:If you modify a dynamic parameter in a custom parameter group.For more information, see Amazon RDS DB parameter changes not taking effect.

Related informationModifying an Amazon RDS DB instanceManaging an Amazon Aurora DB cluster
Question: How do I register for AWS Educate?

I’m interested in registering for AWS Educate. Am I eligible?ResolutionAWS Educate is open to any individual, regardless of where they are in their education, technical experience, or career journey.AWS Educate provides access to online training resources and labs to learn, practice, and evaluate cloud skills without having to create an Amazon or AWS account.Individual learners can register for AWS Educate for free. To get started, see AWS Educate registration.

Related informationAWS Educate frequently asked questionsHow do I get support from the AWS Educate program?
Question: How is an Amazon EBS io2 Block Express volume different from io1 and io2 volumes?

I don't know how Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) io2 Block Express volumes differ from io1 and io2 volumes.Resolutionio1, io2, and io2 Block Express are all Provisioned IOPS SSD volumes. However, io2 Block Express volumes can deliver higher throughput and IOPS and support larger storage capacity. For more information on each volume type, see the chart under Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 and io2) volumes.The following Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance types support io2 Block Express volumes:c7gc6inm6inm6idnm7gr5br6inr6idnr7gtrn1x2idnx2iednWhen you attach an io2 volume to these Amazon EC2 instance types, the volume automatically becomes an io2 Block Express volume.The price for Amazon EBS volume types depends on storage and IOPS. The price for storage between the volume types is the same. However, the price for IOPS varies depending on the number of IOPS that you provision. For more information, see Amazon EBS pricing, and choose the AWS Region that you're in from the Region dropdown list.
Question: Why is an Amazon EMR step running even though my application on the YARN completed?

An Amazon EMR step is still in the RUNNING state even though the respective Apache Spark or YARN application completed.

ResolutionUse one of the following methods to resolve the issue:Validate the status of respective YARN application and then end the step.Cancel the Step ID manually using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI).Validate the status of the YARN application and then end the step1.    Identify the YARN applicationId from the step logs stderr file. For more information, see How do I troubleshoot a failed step in Amazon EMR?2.    Connect to the primary node using SSH.3.    Use the following YARN command to find the state of the YARN application. In the following example command, replace application_id with your application ID. An example application ID is application_1234567891011_001.yarn application -status application_idOr, use the following YARN command to list all applications:yarn application -list -appStates ALL4.    Check the output of the preceding command for the state of the application.Application-States: [NEW, NEW_SAVING, SUBMITTED, ACCEPTED, RUNNING, FINISHED, FAILED, KILLED]The following is example output of an application that completed successfully:Progress : 100%State : FINISHEDFinal-State : SUCCEEDEDIf the output of the preceding command has the states FINISHED, FAILED, or KILLED, then the YARN application is completed.If the application status is NEW, NEW_SAVING, SUBMITTED, ACCEPTED, or RUNNING then the YARN application is still running. Wait for the application to complete or end the application to cancel the step.7.    Run the following command to end the application. In the following example command, replace application_id with your application ID. An example application ID is application_1234567891011_001.yarn application -kill application_id8.    Check the status of the Amazon EMR step again after ending the application.Cancel the Amazon EMR step manually using the AWS CLINote: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.1.    Use the describe-step command to view the step's status. In the following command, replace cluster-id and step-id with the correct values for your use case.aws emr describe-step --cluster-id j-xxxxxxxxxxxxx --step-ids s-xxxxxxxx2.    Use the cancel-steps command to cancel the step. In the following command, replace cluster-id and step-id with the correct values for your use case.aws emr cancel-steps --cluster-id j-xxxxxxxxxxxxx \--step-ids s-3M8DXXXXXXXXX \--step-cancellation-option SEND_INTERRUPTFor more information, see Canceling steps.