VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: How can I troubleshoot the "internal server" error with status code 500 for API Gateway endpoints that integrate with Lambda?

I sent an HTTP request to my Amazon API Gateway API endpoint that integrates with AWS Lambda (for example, /lambda-resource GET). I received a status code 500 response with the following error: {"message": "Internal server error"}How can I troubleshoot this error?Short descriptionThis error might be due to:Lambda function permissionsThrottling issuesIncorrect or missing HTTP status code mappingUnhandled errors

ResolutionBefore you begin, follow the steps to turn on Amazon CloudWatch Logs for troubleshooting API Gateway errors.Note: For Log level, choose INFO to generate execution logs for all requests.Lambda function permissionsThe error “Invalid permissions on Lambda function” occurs if API Gateway doesn't have permissions to invoke the Lambda function. To resolve this, see How do I resolve "Invalid permissions on Lambda function" errors from API Gateway REST APIs?Note: If you used another service, such as AWS CloudFormation, to deploy your API Gateway resources, make sure that you have permissions to the AWS::Lambda::Permission resource.Throttling issuesIf the backend service is throttled due to a high number of requests, the API Gateway API might return an "Internal server error". You can activate an exponential backoff and retry mechanism and try the request again. If the issue persists, check your API Gateway quota limit. If you exceeded the service quota limit, you can request a quota increase.You might also receive "Rate exceeded" and 429 "TooManyRequestsException" errors due to Lambda function throttling issues. For more information, see How do I troubleshoot Lambda function throttling with "Rate exceeded" and 429 "TooManyRequestsException" errors?You can also request an increase for the Lambda function's concurrency limit so that the function doesn't get throttled. For instructions, see How do I request a concurrency limit increase for my Lambda function?Incorrect or missing HTTP status code mappingIncorrect or missing HTTP status code mapping can also result in 500 errors similar to the following:"Execution failed due to configuration error: Output mapping refers to an invalid method response: 2xx/4xx/5xx".To resolve this error, make sure that an API method response exists for the status code returned from the backend and is mapped correctly.Unhandled errorsUnhandled errors in Lambda indicate that the function timeouts due to errors in the function code. To prevent this error, make sure that the Lambda function code is idempotent.You can also use the debugging tool AWS X-Ray to get more details on how long different sections of your function’s code takes to complete.For more information, see Error handling patterns in Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda.

Related informationHow can I troubleshoot 5xx errors for API Gateway?
Question: How do I stop a running query on my Amazon RDS instance that is running MySQL?

I started a query, but I want to stop (end) the query before it finishes.

ResolutionTo stop (end) a running query on an Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) DB instance that is running MySQL, see Ending a session or query.Both queries require that you use a thread ID when calling the command. For steps to check running queries and their thread IDs, see How do I check running queries for my Amazon RDS MySQL DB instance?Related informationCommon DBA tasks for MySQL DB instancesCreating and connecting to a MySQL DB instance
Question: How do I turn off the .opendistro-alerting-alert-history index alerts in my Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster?

There are .opendistro-alerting-alert-history indices being created in my Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster. Why is this happening and how do I turn off the .opendistro-alerting-alert-history index alerts?ResolutionOpenSearch Service Alerting featureWhen you turn on the alerting feature in OpenSearch Service, the .opendistro-alerting-alert-history indices are created along with an alias. The alerting feature notifies users when the search criteria is met for the documents in the indices.The monitoring configurations are stored in the .opendistro-alerting-config index, while daily alerts are stored in the .opendistro-alerting-alerts index. The .opendistro-alerting-alerts index then is rolled over daily to an Alerting history index. The .opendistro-alerting-alert-history-  indices begin to populate as soon as the monitor is created and the search criteria is met.Note: To delete or modify the content of any indices, use the alerting APIs. For more information about the alerting feature, see Alerting API and Alerting indices on the Open Distro website.Turn off the daily creation of indicesTo turn off the creation of the .opendistro-alerting-alert-history-  indices, perform the following steps:1.    Go to the OpenSearch Dashboards Alerting tab.2.    Delete any monitors.3.    Delete all the alerts for the .opendistro-alerting-alert-history indices:DELETE /.opendistro-alerting-alert-history-*4.    Turn off the creation of the Alerting history:PUT _cluster/settings{     "persistent": {          "opendistro.alerting.alert_history_enabled":"false"     }}Removing old .opendistro-alerting-alert-history indices while monitoring dataYou can remove older Alerting history indices while using the monitoring feature. Your monitor configuration will not be impacted.Note: If you delete the history index for a specific day, only the Alerting history for that day is removed.

Related informationConfiguring alerts in Amazon OpenSearch Service
Question: How do I troubleshoot the "Invalid S3 location" error when I try to save the Athena query results on an S3 bucket?

My Amazon Athena query fails to save results on the specified Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket.

Short descriptionAmazon Athena automatically stores query results and metadata information for each query to a query result location that you can specify in Amazon S3. However, you get the error “Invalid S3 location” or "Not a valid S3 location" under one or more of the following conditions:You didn't specify the Amazon S3 query result location.The S3 query result location that you specified is inaccurate.The S3 query result location that you specified is in a different Region.The AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) user doesn't have the required permissions to set up or view the query result location.

ResolutionTo resolve these errors, choose one or more of the following solutions:Specify the query result locationThe query result location in Amazon S3 must be specified before you run your queries. Or, you must use a workgroup that has specified a bucket and whose configuration overrides client settings. Verify that you specified the query result location in S3 by doing the following:Open the Athena console.Choose Settings from the navigation bar.Verify that Query result location is pointing to the query result bucket.If the query result location isn't specified, then you can update it using the Athena console. You can also specify the result location in a workgroup configuration. For more information, see Specifying a query result location using a workgroup.Verify that the S3 path is accurateVerify that the query result location specified in the Athena console is pointing to the correct S3 path. Also, be sure to include a trailing slash (/) at the end of the S3 path (example: s3://doc_example_bucket/doc_example_folder/).Verify that the S3 location is in the same RegionVerify that the S3 location provided for saving the query results is in the same Region where you run the queries.Verify that the IAM user has sufficient permissions to access the query result filesVerify that the IAM user has the required permissions to access and view the query output files. The IAM user/role needs permissions to the following actions:GetObjectGetQueryResultsNote: IAM principals with permission to the GetObject action for the query results location can retrieve query results from S3. This is true even if permission to the GetQueryResults action is denied for the IAM principals. To restrict user or role access, be sure that the S3 permissions to the Athena query results location are denied.

Related informationWorking with query results, output files, and query historyHow do I troubleshoot 403 Access Denied errors from Amazon S3?Why do I get the "Access Denied" error when I run a query in Amazon Athena?
Question: Can I use different Amazon Kinesis Client Library applications with the same Amazon DynamoDB table?

I'm trying to use different Amazon Kinesis Client Library (KCL) applications with the same Amazon DynamoDB table. How can I do this? What if I want to use something other than DynamoDB as a checkpointing table?Short descriptionThere are two requirements for using the KCL:Each KCL application must use its own DynamoDB table.A DynamoDB table must be used for KCL checkpointing.

ResolutionCan I use different KCL applications using the same DynamoDB table?Users can't use different KCL applications with the same DynamoDB table for the following reasons:Scan operations are used to obtain leases from a DynamoDB table. Therefore, if a table contains leases of different KCL applications, each application could receive a lease that isn't related to the application itself. For more information about DynamoDB lease exceptions, see DynamoDBLeaseRefresher.java on the Amazon Web Services - Labs GitHub website.Shard IDs in streams are used as primary keys in DynamoDB tables during checkpointing. When different KCL applications use the same DynamoDB table and the same shard IDs are used in the streams, inconsistencies in checkpoints can occur.Instead, you can use an application name as the default name for a DynamoDB table, and then manually set up a table name on the KCL. Here's an example of how to set up a table name on KCL version 1.x:KinesisClientLibConfiguration kinesisClientLibConfiguration = // KCL 1.x<br>        new KinesisClientLibConfiguration(...)<br>        .withTableName(<table_name>);Note: For more information about this KinesisClientLibConfiguration code example, see KinesisClientLibConfiguration.java on the Amazon Web Services - Labs GitHub website.You can also manually set up a table name on KCL version 2.x:ConfigsBuilder configsBuilder = new ConfigsBuilder(...).tableName(<table_name>); // KCL 2.xNote: For more information about this ConfigsBuilder code example, see ConfigsBuilder.java on the Amazon Web Services - Labs GitHub website.Can I use something other than DynamoDB as a checkpointing table?Users can only use DynamoDB as a checkpointing table for the KCL. DynamoDB is required as a checkpointing table for the KCL, because the KCL behavior and implementation are interconnected with DynamoDB in the following ways:The KCL includes ShardSyncTask.java, which guarantees that shard leases in a stream are included in the DynamoDB table. This check is conducted periodically in the KCL.The KCL includes DynamoDBLeaseTaker.java and DynamoDBLeaseRenewer.java, which are components that manage and update leases in the KCL. DynamoDBLeaseTaker.java and DynamoDBLeaseRenewer.java work with DynamoDBLeaseRefresher.java to make frequent API requests to DynamoDB.When the KCL makes checkpoints, requests from DynamoDBCheckpointer.java and DynamoDBLeaseCoordinator.java are made to DynamoDB. These requests are made through DynamoDBLeaseCoordinator.java, DynamoDBLeaseRenewer.java, or DynamoDBLeaseRefresher.java.

Related informationConfiguring Shards and Monitoring Change Data Capture with Kinesis Data Streams in DynamoDB
Question: How do I resolve the "Log group does not exist" error for Lambda function logs in the CloudWatch console?

When I try to view logs for my AWS Lambda function in the Amazon CloudWatch console, I get a "Log group does not exist" error. How do I resolve the error?Short descriptionIf there's no log group for your Lambda function when you try to view your function's logs, then CloudWatch returns the following error:"Log group does not exist. The specific log group: <log group name> does not exist in this account or region."Logs are generated after you run your function for the first time. If there's no log group after invoking the function, it's usually because there's an issue with the function's AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) permissions.To troubleshoot a Log group does not exist error from CloudWatch, confirm the following:Your Lambda function's execution role has sufficient permissions to write logs to CloudWatch.The log group resource in the IAM policy includes the name of your function.Note: For information on permissions-related logging issues with Lambda@Edge, see Service-linked roles for Lambda@Edge.

ResolutionIn the IAM console, review and edit the IAM policy for the Lambda function's execution role so that the following is true:The write actions CreateLogGroup and CreateLogStream are allowed.Note: If you don't need custom permissions for your function, then you can attach the managed policy AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole. This managed policy allows Lambda to write logs to CloudWatch.The AWS Region specified in the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) is the same as your Lambda function's Region.The log-group resource includes the name of your Lambda function. For example, if your function is named myLambdaFunction, the associated log-group is /aws/lambda/myLambdaFunction.Below is an example policy that includes the required permissions for a Lambda role to access CloudWatch logs:{    "Version": "2012-10-17",    "Statement": [        {            "Effect": "Allow",            "Action": "logs:CreateLogGroup",            "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:region:accountId:*"        },        {            "Effect": "Allow",            "Action": [                "logs:CreateLogStream",                "logs:PutLogEvents"            ],            "Resource": [                "arn:aws:logs:region:accountId:log-group:/aws/lambda/functionName:*"            ]        }    ]}Related informationAWS Lambda permissions
Question: How do Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances that are size-flexible apply to my AWS bill?

I want to know how my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Reserved Instances (RIs) apply to my AWS bill if the Reserved Instances are size-flexible.

ResolutionTo find out if your RI is size-flexible, see How can I find out if my Amazon EC2 Reserved Instance provides regional benefit or size flexibility?Size-flexible RIs apply to any usage in a particular instance family. Here are a few examples of how that can work in practice:Your RI applies to any instance in its family of its same size or smaller. For example, if you purchase an RI for an m3.large instance, the RI also applies to m3.medium instances.Multiple smaller RIs combine to apply to larger instances. For example, if you purchase two RIs for two m3.medium instances, these RIs also apply to an m3.large instance.For more examples, see How Reserved Instances are applied.RIs apply automatically to your billing. You can't choose which specific instances receive the benefit of your RIs.If you're in an organization with multiple accounts under a consolidated bill, additional considerations can apply. For more information, see How is the pricing benefit of a Reserved Instance applied across an organization's consolidated bill?Related informationAnalyzing your costs with Cost ExplorerAmazon EC2 usage reports
Question: "Why does CloudFront show my old Amazon-issued SSL certificate, even after I renew or reimport the certificate?"

I renewed my Amazon-issued SSL certificate on AWS Certificate Manager (ACM), or I reimported my SSL certificate to ACM. However, Amazon CloudFront still shows the previous version of the certificate.

ResolutionIf the certificate renewal or reimport process isn't yet complete, CloudFront might still use the previous certificate. Renewing or reimporting a certificate is an asynchronous process, and it can take up to 24 hours until CloudFront shows those changes.To avoid certificate expiration issues, renew or reimport your certificate at least 24 hours before the NotAfter value of your current certificate. If you're within 24 hours of the certificate expiration, then request a new certificate from ACM or import a new certificate to ACM. Then, associate the new certificate to the CloudFront distribution.

Related informationManaged renewal for ACM certificatesReimporting a certificateCheck a certificate's renewal statusTroubleshooting managed certificate renewal
Question: How do I create an SNS notification that includes error information for a Data Pipeline activity?

When an AWS Data Pipeline activity fails, I want to receive an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification that includes specific information, such as the error stack trace.

Short descriptionCreate and subscribe to an SNS topic, and then configure an SnsAlarm action to run when a Data Pipeline activity fails. You can pass any of the activity's fields, such as errorStackTrace, to SnsAlarm using the expression #{node.activityfield}. For example:{  "role": "DataPipelineDefaultRole",  "subject": "Failed PipelineId: #{node.@pipelineId} Error: #{node.errorMessage}",  "message": "Error: #{node.errorStackTrace}",  "topicArn": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:917786601234:DPsqlActivityFail",  "name": "DefaultActionSNS1",  "id": "SnsAlarmActionOnfail",  "type": "SnsAlarm"},ResolutionCreate and subscribe to an SNS topic. Note the Topic ARN (for example, arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:111122223333:my-topic). You'll use this later.Open the Data Pipeline console.On the List Pipelines page, choose your Pipeline ID, and then choose Edit Pipeline to open the Architect page.In the right pane, choose Activities, and then select the activity that you want to receive notifications for (for example, SqlActivity).In the Add an optional field dropdown list, choose On Fail.In the On Fail list, choose Create new: Action. Data Pipeline automatically gives the new action a name, such as DefaultAction1. You can change the name by editing the action in the Others section.In the right pane, choose Others, and then choose the action that you created in the previous step (for example, DefaultAction1).In the Type list, choose SnsAlarm.In the Message field, enter the message that you want to receive when the activity fails. You can include any of the activity's fields in the message using the expression #{node.activityfield}. For example, to receive the stack trace in the SNS notification, enter a message such as "Error: #{node.errorStackTrace}". For more information about the fields that are available for each Data Pipeline activity, see Activities.In the Subject field, enter a subject line for the notification. The subject can also include any of the activity's fields (for example, "Failed PipelineId: #{node.@pipelineId} Error: #{node.errorMessage}").In the Topic Arn field, enter the ARN of your SNS topic (for example, arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:111122223333:my-topic).Choose Save. When you activate your pipeline, you'll receive a notification if the specified activity fails.

Related informationExpressions
Question: How do I retry an unsuccessful AWS payment?

One of my AWS payments hasn’t processed successfully. How do I retry the payment?ResolutionIf you don't have overdue payments, then you can see your previous invoices in the Transactions tab of the Payments page.To retry most payments yourself, do the following:Open the AWS Billing console.In the navigation pane, choose Payments. You can see your overdue payments in the Payments due table.Select the invoice that you want to pay in the Payments due table, and then choose Complete payment.(Optional) On the Complete a payment page, your default payment method is selected. To use a different payment method, choose Change.Choose Verify and pay to retry the payment.If the payment doesn’t have the Complete payment option, then contact AWS Support and ask them to retry the payment for you. For example, you can't retry the Reserved Instance (RI) upfront payments through the Billing console, but AWS Support can retry them for you.

Related informationManaging your accountManaging your paymentsWhy was my credit card declined when I tried to pay my AWS bill?How can I reactivate my suspended AWS account?
Question: Requesting a spending limit increase for SMS messages in Amazon SNS

When I try to send mobile text messages (SMS), I receive a "No quota left for account" error from Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS). I want to I request a spending limit increase for SMS messages in Amazon SNS.

Short descriptionIf you reach your monthly SMS messaging spending limit, then you receive a No quota left for account error from Amazon SNS. To resolve the error, you must increase your account's spending limit for sending SMS messages in Amazon SNS.To increase your account's spending limit for sending SMS messages in Amazon SNS, you must open a quota increase case in the AWS Support Center.

ResolutionOpen a quota increase case in the AWS Support CenterFor step-by-step instructions, see Requesting increases to your monthly SMS spending quota for Amazon SNS.Calculate your required SMS spending quotaImportant: Make sure that you request an SMS spending quota appropriate for your use case. AWS denies requests for high spending quotas that don't have a valid use case.Multiply the number of messages that you expect to send each month by the cost of a single message part.When calculating your required SMS spend quota, keep the following points in mind:A single SMS message can contain up to 140 bytes of information.If an SMS message contains more than the maximum number of characters, then the message splits into multiple parts.The maximum number of characters in a single SMS message depends on the type of encoding and characters you use.Example SMS messages spending quota calculation(300 messages daily x 30 days) x $0.00266 USD cost per message part x 1 total number of message parts per message = $23.94 USD spend limitNote: Each country has its own SMS pricing. For more information, see Worldwide SMS pricing.Write a description of your SMS use caseMake sure that your request for an SMS spending quota increase includes the following details:Dollar limit requestedLink or name of the site or application that's sending SMS messagesType of message that you intend to send (transactional, promotional, or one-time password)Details of your opt-in process and any other ways to make sure that you only send messages to people who have requested your messagesAWS Region from where the sender makes API calls to Amazon SNSList of countries that you plan to send messages toMaximum number of messages that you expect to send per daySMS message template that you plan to sendAny additional information that helps clarify your use caseImportant: After you receive confirmation that your SMS spending quota is increased, you must adjust the spending quota for your account on the Amazon SNS console. If you don't update your SMS settings on the Amazon SNS console, then your SMS spend limit doesn't increase.

Related informationAmazon SNS endpoints and quotasSetting SMS messaging preferencesMobile text messaging (SMS)Requesting increases to your monthly SMS spending quota for Amazon SNS