VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: How can I troubleshoot running user data scripts to configure my EC2 Windows instance?

I have problems modifying the user data or running user data scripts on my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Windows instance. Or, I want to view the user data logs but don't know where they are.

ResolutionYou modified or configured the user data, but it doesn't run on instance launch or you can't configure the user dataWhen you work with user data, keep the following criteria in mind:User data must be Base64-encoded.User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is Base64-encoded.User data must be Base64-decoded when retrieved. If you retrieve the data with instance metadata or the Amazon EC2 console, then it's automatically decoded for you.If you stop an instance and then modify its user data, then the updated user data doesn't run when you start the instance.User data scripts require a specific syntax. For more information and examples of script syntax, see User data scripts.User data doesn't run on subsequent reboots or startsFor more information, see How do I run a command on an existing EC2 Windows instance when I reboot or start the instance?You can't find the user data logsThe log files for EC2Launch v2, EC2Launch, and EC2Config contain the output from the standard output and standard error streams. You can access the log files at the following locations:EC2Launch v2: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2Launch\log\agent.logEC2Launch: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2-Windows\Launch\Log\UserdataExecution.logEC2Config: C:\Program Files\Amazon\Ec2ConfigService\Logs\Ec2ConfigLog.txtNote: By default, C:\ProgramData is a hidden folder.

Related informationHow do I run a command on a new EC2 Windows instance at launch?
Question: How do I troubleshoot failed Amazon EC2 restore jobs using AWS Backup?

I'm using AWS Backup to restore an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance from a recovery point in AWS Backup. However, I get an encoded error message that says "You are not authorized to perform this operation. Please consult the permissions associated with your AWS Backup role(s), and refer to the AWS Backup documentation for more details."ResolutionThis error typically occurs under the following conditions:The original Amazon EC2 instance has an instance profile attached to it.You try to restore the instance on the AWS Backup console using the setting Default role for Restore role and Restore with Original IAM Role for Instance IAM role.To resolve this issue, use either of the following options based on your use case.Use the Proceed with no IAM role optionWhen you run the restore job for the instance in the AWS Backup console, select Proceed with no IAM role for Instance IAM role. With this option, you can restore the instance, and the restored instance doesn't have an instance profile attached to it. Later, you can attach the instance profile to this restored instance.Use the Restore with Original IAM role optionWhen you run the restore job, you can select Restore with Original IAM Role for Instance IAM role after attaching additional permissions to your Restore role:1.    If you know which role you used for the restore, then skip to step 2. Otherwise, run the decode-authorization-message command using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) to find the role that was used to restore the instance. If you're using a Linux-based operating system, then you can combine this command with the jq tool to get a viewer-friendly output:# aws sts decode-authorization-message --encoded-message (encoded error message) --query DecodedMessage --output text | jq '.'Note: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.You get an output similar to the following:{  "allowed": false,…..  "context": {    "principal": {      "id": "AROAAAAAAAAAA:AWSBackup-AWSBackupDefaultServiceRole",      "arn": "arn:aws:sts::111122223333:assumed-role/AWSBackupDefaultServiceRole/AWSBackup-AWSBackupDefaultServiceRole"    },    "action": "iam:PassRole",    "resource": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/AmazonSSMRoleForInstancesQuickSetup",    "conditions": {      "items": […..      }The example output shows that the Restore role is same as AWSBackupDefaultServiceRole. The Restore role must have the iam:PassRole permission so that it can interact with the role AmazonSSMRoleForInstancesQuickSetup, which is required to restore the instance.2.    Open the IAM console, and create the following policy: Note: Replace 111122223333 with your AWS account ID.{    "Version": "2012-10-17",    "Statement": [        {            "Action": "iam:PassRole",            "Resource": "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/*",            "Effect": "Allow"        }    ]}Then, attach this policy to your Restore role.3.    After you update the IAM role, re-run the restore job.

Related informationAccess controlRestoring an Amazon EC2 instance
Question: How do I delete a Network Load Balancer that's "currently associated with another service"?

I'm trying to delete my Network Load Balancer. However, I receive an error that the "Network Load Balancer is currently associated with another service."Short descriptionThis error indicates that a Network Load Balancer that you want to delete is already associated with a virtual private cloud (VPC) endpoint service. Before you can delete a Network Load Balancer, you must first disassociate it from any associated VPC endpoint services.

ResolutionDisassociate the Network Load Balancer from any associated VPC endpoint servicesOpen the Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) console.In the navigation pane, choose Endpoint Services.Review the Network Load Balancer tab for each of your endpoint services to determine whether your Network Load Balancer is associated with an endpoint service.Choose the Endpoint Connections tab to determine which endpoint connections are attached to your endpoint service.For the connections that aren't in the Rejected state, choose Actions, and then choose Reject endpoint connection request.After you delete the associated endpoints, use one of the options in the following section to disassociate the Network Load Balancer.Delete the Network Load Balancer and keep the endpoint service activeTo delete a Network Load Balancer but keep the endpoint service active, associate the endpoint service with a different Network Load Balancer:Open the Amazon VPC console.In the navigation pane, choose Endpoint services.Select the endpoint service that's associated with the Network Load Balancer.Choose Actions, Associate or disassociate load balancers.Clear the selection for the Network Load Balancer that you want to delete, and then select a Network Load Balancer to replace it.Delete a Network Load Balancer and associated endpoint serviceDelete both the Network Load Balancer and the associated endpoint service:Open the Amazon VPC console.Choose the endpoint service that you want to delete.Choose Action, and then choose Delete endpoint services.Delete the Network Load Balancer.
Question: How do I move data or files from EFS Standard-Infrequent Access or EFS ONE Zone-Infrequent Access to EFS Standard or EFS One Zone storage class?

I want to move data or files from Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Standard-Infrequent Access EFS (Standard-IA) to EFS Standard storage. Or, I want to move data or files from EFS One Zone-Infrequent Access (EFS One Zone-IA) to EFS One Zone. How can I do this?ResolutionMove files to Standard storage or One Zone storageMethod 1:To move files from Standard-IA or One Zone IA to Standard or One Zone storage, do the following:1.    Temporarily copy the files to another location.2.    Move them back to the original location on the EFS file system. For example, if EFS is mounted at /efs/file-old, bring it back to Standard storage by copying to another path, as shown in the following example:$ cp /efs/file-old /efs/file-newNote: Moving or renaming files using the mv command doesn't transfer files to Standard storage class. If files must remain in the Standard storage class, first stop Lifecycle Management on the file system, and then copy the files following the preceding steps.For more information, see Infrequent access performance.Method 2:Use Amazon EFS Intelligent-Tiering. If access patterns change, EFS Intelligent‐Tiering automatically moves files back to the EFS Standard or EFS One Zone storage classes when the Transition out of IA lifecycle policy is set to On first access.Verify which files are moved to Infrequent Access storageAmazon EFS lifecycle management uses an internal timer to track when a file was last accessed. Amazon EFS doesn't use the publicly viewable POSIX file system attributes. Whenever a file in Standard storage is written to or read from, the Lifecycle Management timer resets.The following are prerequisites for files to be moved to infrequent access:Files that are 128 KiB or larger and haven't been accessed or modified for at least 30 days can be transitioned to the new storage class. The 30 days requirement might vary depending on the number of days set in lifecycle management configuration of your file system.Modifications to a file's metadata that don't change the file don't delay a transition.Metadata operations, such as listing the contents of a directory, don't count as file access.File metadata is always stored in Standard storage to ensure consistent metadata performance. File metadata includes file names, ownership information, and file system directory structure.For more information, see Amazon EFS lifecycle management.
Question: How do I sign up for an AWS Activate package?

I'm interested in an AWS Activate package. How do I sign up?ResolutionAWS Activate offers two packages: the Founders package and the Portfolio package.The AWS Activate Founders package is available for startups that aren't associated with an AWS Activate Provider. The AWS Activate Providers include select venture capital firms, accelerators, incubators, and other startup-enabling organizations. For more information on how to qualify for the AWS Founders package, see Getting Started with AWS Activate.The AWS Activate Portfolio package is available to startups that are associated with an AWS Activate Provider. For a non-exhaustive list of AWS Activate Providers, see AWS Activate Providers. You can contact your AWS Activate Provider for more information on how to qualify for the AWS Activate Portfolio package.For more information about these packages, see AWS Activate.Note: If you're an agency, IT shop, or a consultancy, consider the AWS Partner Network instead.

Related informationApply for AWS ActivateAWS Activate FAQRedeem your AWS Promotional Credit
Question: "I'm a root user, power user, or administrator with cross-account access. Why doesn't the Amazon S3 console show all the buckets that I have access to?"

I'm a root user, or I have power user access or administrator access across several AWS accounts. However, when I sign in to the Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) console, I don't see all the buckets that I have access to. How can I access those buckets that aren't listed?ResolutionThere's no way to list all the Amazon S3 buckets that you have access to across several AWS accounts. By default, the Amazon S3 console lists only the buckets that are owned by the account that you use to sign in. The console doesn't list buckets in other accounts, even if you have access to them.Note: To access an individual bucket in another account, you must know the bucket name.To access an individual bucket in another account using the Amazon S3 console, replace doc-examplebucket with the bucket name, like this:https://s3.console.aws.amazon.com/s3/buckets/doc-examplebucket/Important: For the direct console link to work, you must have permissions to access the bucket using the console.You can also access an individual bucket in another account using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), AWS SDK, or Amazon S3 REST API.Follow these steps to configure the AWS CLI to access an Amazon S3 bucket in another account:1.    Use the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) console to create access keys for the IAM user that has access to that account.2.    Install the AWS CLI.3.    Configure the AWS CLI using the access keys that you created.After you configure the AWS CLI, you can run commands that send requests to the bucket. For example, run this command to copy an object from the bucket to your local machine:aws s3 cp s3://doc-examplebucket/objectname/local/pathNote: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent AWS CLI version.

Related informationIdentity and Access Management in Amazon S3
Question: I received an email with my AWS Activate Founders or Portfolio package information. Where do I find my AWS promotional credit?

I received an email with my AWS Activate Founders or Portfolio package information. Where do I find my AWS promotional credit?ResolutionIf you receive an email welcoming you to AWS Activate along with benefit information, your AWS Activate Founders or Portfolio package application is approved and processed. Your AWS promotional credits are directly added to the AWS account that you specified on your application.Check the Credits page of the Billing and Cost Management console to see your account's active credits and promotions.

Related informationGetting started with AWS ActivateAWS Activate FAQ
Question: My virtual interface BGP status For Direct Connect is down in the AWS console. What should I do?

My virtual interface BGP status for AWS Direct Connect is down in the AWS console. How can I troubleshoot this issue?ResolutionYour virtual interface status might be down because of configuration issues with the OSI Layer 2 or Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).OSI Layer 2 configurationVerify that your OSI layer 2 is configured correctly by confirming the following:You configured the correct VLAN ID with dot1Q encapsulation on your device—such as a router or switch—as displayed in the Direct Connect console.The peer IP addresses' configuration is identical on your device and in the Direct Connect console.All the intermediate devices along the path are configured for dot1Q VLAN tagging with correct VLAN ID, and VLAN-tagged traffic is preserved on the AWS side of Direct Connect device.Note: Some network providers might also use Q-in-Q tagging, which can alter your tagged VLAN. AWS Direct Connect service doesn't support Q-in-Q tagging.Your device is learning the media access control (MAC) address of the AWS Direct Connect device for the configured VLAN ID from the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table.Your device can ping the Amazon peer IP sourcing from your peer IP.For more information, see Troubleshooting layer 2 (data link) issues.BGP ConfigurationIf the OSI layer 2 configuration looks good, then confirm the BGP configuration on your device by verifying the following:The local ASN and remote ASN, as provided in the Downloaded configuration file.The neighbor IP address and BGP MD5 password, as provided in the Downloaded configuration file.Your device isn't blocking ingress or egress traffic on TCP port 179 and other appropriate ephemeral ports.Your device isn't advertising more than 100 prefixes to AWS by BGP. By default, AWS only accepts up to 100 prefixes using a BGP session on AWS Direct Connect. For more information, see Direct Connect quotas.After confirming these configurations, your virtual interface BGP status is now up.For more information, see How can I troubleshoot BGP connection issues over Direct Connect?Related informationCreate a virtual interfaceTroubleshooting AWS Direct ConnectAWS Direct Connect FAQs
Question: Why isn't CloudFront returning my default root object from a subdirectory?

Why isn't Amazon CloudFront returning my default root object from a subfolder or subdirectory?ResolutionThe default root object feature for CloudFront supports only the root of the origin that your distribution points to. CloudFront doesn't return default root objects in subdirectories. For more information, see Specifying a Default Root Object.If your CloudFront distribution must return the default root object from a subfolder or subdirectory, then you can integrate Lambda@Edge with your distribution. For an example configuration, see Implementing Default Directory Indexes in Amazon S3-backed Amazon CloudFront Origins Using Lambda@Edge.Important: You are charged an additional fee when you use Lambda@Edge. For more information, see Lambda@Edge Pricing.

Related informationConfiguring an index document
Question: How do I view server activity for an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance?

How can I view the server activity for an Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) DB instance that is running MySQL?ResolutionYou can use server activity to help identify the source of performance issues. You can review the state of the InnoDB storage engine, identify running queries, or find deadlocks on the DB instance.You must have MySQL PROCESS server administration privileges to see all the threads running on a MySQL DB instance. If you don't have admin privileges, SHOW PROCESSLIST shows only the threads associated with the MySQL account that you're using. You must also have MySQL PROCESS server admin privileges to use SHOW ENGINE. And, you need MYSQL PROCESS server admin privileges to view information about the state of the InnoDB storage engine.To view the server activity for a DB instance, follow these steps:1.    Turn on the general and slow query logs for your MySQL DB instance.2.    Connect to the DB instance running the MySQL database engine.3.    Run these commands:SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST\GSHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS\GNote: To view more than the first 100 characters of each statement, use the FULL keyword.4.    Check which transactions are waiting and which transactions are blocking the transactions that are waiting. Run one of these commands depending on the version of Amazon RDS for MySQL you're running:For versions 5.6 and 5.7:SELECT r.trx_id waiting_trx_id, r.trx_mysql_thread_id waiting_thread, r.trx_query waiting_query, b.trx_id blocking_trx_id, b.trx_mysql_thread_id blocking_thread, b.trx_query blocking_query FROM information_schema.innodb_lock_waits w INNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx b ON b.trx_id = w.blocking_trx_id INNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx r ON r.trx_id = w.requesting_trx_id;For version 8.0ON r.trx_id = w.requesting_engine_transaction_id;INNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx rON b.trx_id = w.blocking_engine_transaction_idINNER JOIN information_schema.innodb_trx bFROM performance_schema.data_lock_waits wb.trx_query blocking_queryb.trx_mysql_thread_id blocking_thread,b.trx_id blocking_trx_id,r.trx_query waiting_query,r.trx_mysql_thread_id waiting_thread,r.trx_id waiting_trx_id,Note: It's a best practice to gather these outputs at short, consecutive intervals (for example, 60 seconds). Reviewing multiple outputs can provide a broader view of the state of the engine. This helps you troubleshoot problems with performance.

Related informationMonitoring metrics in an Amazon RDS instance
Question: How can I troubleshoot issues failing over to a secondary cluster in my Amazon Aurora global database due to minor version mismatch?

I want to troubleshoot minor version mismatch between primary and secondary Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL-Compatible clusters in the same Aurora global cluster.

Short descriptionAlthough both the primary and secondary clusters are on the same Aurora PostgreSQL-Compatible versions, you might experience version mismatch. This happens because the primary and secondary clusters are running on differentpatches of the same version. So you aren't able to failover to the secondary cluster in your Amazon Aurora global database, and you get an error similar to this:Target cluster <DB cluster ID> must be on the same engine version as the current primary cluster.

ResolutionRun the following command to check what versions your primary and secondary Aurora clusters are running:>> select AURORA_VERSION();To bring both clusters to the same version, check if there are any pending maintenance actions on the cluster:>> aws rds describe-pending-maintenance-actions --resource-identifier <ARN of the cluster>If any pending maintenance action is available, apply the updates required on the cluster.Log in to the Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) console.From the navigation pane, choose Databases.Choose the DB cluster that you want to update.For Actions, choose Upgrade Now or Upgrade at Next Window, depending on when you want to apply updates.For more information, seeApplying updates for a DB cluster.Note: The Aurora version upgrade process causes downtime. It's a best practice to perform the upgrade during your planned maintenance window. After you apply the patch, you can confirm that your primary and secondary Aurora clusters are running the same versions by running this command again:>> select AURORA_VERSION();After you have confirmed that both versions of your Amazon Aurora cluster are the same, initiate a manual failover in your Aurora global database.

Related informationUsing failover in an Amazon Aurora global databaseaurora_version
Question: How can I get notifications to check for Amazon S3 IP address changes?

How can I get notifications to check for Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) IP address changes?ResolutionCreate an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) subscription, and then subscribe to the following SNS topic:arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:806199016981:AmazonIpSpaceChangedNote: For more information on this SNS topic, see Subscribe to AWS public IP address changes via Amazon SNS.After the SNS subscription is configured, you receive a notification every time there's a change to the JSON file that contains AWS IP address ranges. To check for updated Amazon S3 IP addresses, you must filter the JSON file.

Related informationAWS IP address ranges