VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: Why are my CloudWatch logs failing to export to S3 buckets?

I want to export my Amazon CloudWatch log data to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) buckets. But, the export task failed.

ResolutionTo troubleshoot tasks that failed during creation, check the following settings:Region – Confirm that your CloudWatch Logs log streams and S3 buckets are in the same Region.S3 bucket policies – By default, all S3 buckets and objects are private. Only the resource owner (the AWS account that created the bucket) can access the bucket and any objects it contains. Use bucket policies to set access permissions on the S3 buckets to CloudWatch Logs.Note: When you set export permissions on your S3 bucket, you must specify the account IDs of the accounts that can export logs to your bucket. List these accounts under the aws:SourceAccount key. However, aws:SourceAccount can't be added within the s3:GetBucketAcl action.S3 bucket prefixes – When you set the S3 bucket policy, it's a best practice to include a randomly generated string as the prefix for the bucket. If you use a prefix, you must specify the randomly generated string in the S3 bucket prefix settings when you create the export task. Otherwise, the export task creation fails.AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) policies – Confirm that the IAM user (IAM role) who created the export task has full access to Amazon S3 and CloudWatch Logs.Resource quotas – The CloudWatch Logs service quota allows only one running or pending export task per account per Region. This quota can't be changed. Be sure that you are operating within the allowed quota.Type of server-side encryption – Be sure that you're using a supported type of server-side encryption. You can export to S3 buckets that are encrypted with AES-256 and SSE-KMS.To troubleshoot tasks that failed after creation, check the Time Range setting. If you export log streams with large amounts of data and specify a long time range, then the export task might fail. In this case, specify a shorter time range.Note: It might take up to 12 hours for the logs to be available for exporting. The export task itself can take some time. For real-time processing or continuously archiving new data to S3, use subscription filters. You can stream to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose and set Amazon S3 as the target. For archiving historical data to S3, export your data to Amazon S3.

Related informationI configured Amazon CloudWatch to export log data to Amazon S3, but the log data is either missing or not valid. How do I resolve this issue?How do I retrieve log data from CloudWatch Logs?Exporting log data to Amazon S3Using CloudWatch Logs subscription filters
Question: How can I increase disk space for my Amazon ECS container on AWS Fargate?

I want to increase disk space for my Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) container on AWS Fargate.

Short descriptionBy default, Fargate tasks that are launched with platform version 1.40 include a task storage size of 20 GiB as a single ephemeral volume. If you need more than 20 GiB of storage, you can configure more storage using two options:Use Fargate's ephemeral storage option for storage up to 200 GiB. Ephemeral storage is non-persistent storage.Use Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volumes for scalable file storage. Amazon EFS volumes provide persistent storage.Important: When you create an Amazon EFS volume, use the same Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) and subnets that are assigned to your Fargate service.

ResolutionConfiguring ephemeral storageNote: If you receive errors when running AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent AWS CLI version.For more examples of configuring ephemeral storage, see Bind mount examples.Configuring storage with Amazon EFS volumes1.    Create a security group for your Amazon EFS mount targets. Then, add an inbound rule to accept NFS traffic on port 2049 from the source's task security group.2.    Create an Amazon EFS file system, and then attach the security group from step 1 to your mount targets.Note: By default, a mount target is configured in each Availability Zone in a given AWS Region. Select all the Availability Zones where the VPC subnets for the Fargate service are located.3.    Note the file system ID of your file system (for example, fs-12345678).4.    Create or update a task definition to configure a volume for the Amazon ECS task that has your Amazon EFS file system. For example:"volumes": [    {      "name": "efs-test-volume",      "efsVolumeConfiguration": {           "fileSystemId": "fs-12345678",            "transitEncryption": "ENABLED"       }   }  ]Note: Replace fs-12345678 with your file system ID.5.    Use a container definitions section to create a mount point for the volume inside your container. For example:"containerDefinitions": [ {   "memory": 128,     "portMappings": [        {          "hostPort": 80,           "containerPort": 80,            "protocol": "tcp"         }      ],      "essential": true,      "mountPoints": [         {        "containerPath": "/mount/path/inside/container",         "sourceVolume": "efs-test-volume"         }       ],       "name": "nginx",       "image": "nginx"    }]Note: The containerPath is the path inside the container where you mount the volume. The sourceVolume is the name of your volume as defined in step 4.6.    Run the task using your updated task definition. Note: For tasks that are associated with service, update the service by selecting a new task definition revision.
Question: How can I get notifications for Direct Connect scheduled maintenance or events?

I want to receive notifications for AWS Direct Connect scheduled maintenance or events. How can I do this?Short descriptionTo help you manage events, the AWS Personal Health Dashboard displays relevant information and also provides notifications for activities. You can use the Personal Health Dashboard with the following solution to receive notifications for scheduled maintenance or events that affect Direct Connect.

ResolutionThis solution deploys an AWS CloudFormation stack that sends an automated email notification when an event is posted in the Personal Health Dashboard for Direct Connect.Set up an email notificationFrom the AWS CloudFormation console, choose Create Stack.In Choose a template, select Specify an Amazon S3 template URL, enter https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-health-tools-assets/cloudformation-templates/DX_Notifier.json, and then choose Next.In stack name, enter a name for the stack, in EmailAddress, enter the email address to subscribe to the Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic, and then choose Next.(Optional) Add Tags. For more information, see Resource tag.Choose Next, select the I acknowledge that AWS CloudFormation might create IAM resources agreement, and then choose Create.(Optional) Include additional email addresses to receive the SNS notificationsNote: To add an additional email address for SNS notifications, you must subscribe it to the SNS topic using the following steps:From the Amazon SNS console , in the navigation pane, choose Topics.Choose DXMaintNotify, Actions, and then choose Subscribe to topic.In Create subscription, choose Protocol, and then choose Email.In Endpoint, type the email address, and then choose Create Subscription.You can download custom notifications for AWS Health events for other services in AWS Health Tools. For more information about Amazon SNS, see What is Amazon SNS?Related informationTroubleshooting AWS Direct ConnectHow do I set an Active/Passive Direct Connect connection to AWS?What Is AWS Health?How can I get notifications for Direct Connect scheduled maintenance or events?
Question: How can I use Amazon Redshift as the target endpoint for my AWS DMS task?

How can I use Amazon Redshift as the target for my AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task?Short descriptionYou can use an Amazon Redshift database as the target for an AWS DMS task using any of the supported sources. When you migrate to Amazon Redshift, AWS DMS first moves the data to an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) bucket. Then, the data is transferred to the tables in the target Amazon Redshift cluster. This S3 bucket is created in the same AWS Region as Amazon Redshift database. For this reason, your Amazon Redshift cluster must be in the same account and same AWS Region as the replication instance. For more information, see the Limitations on using Amazon Redshift as a target for AWS Database Migration Service.

ResolutionNote: If you receive errors when running AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent AWS CLI version.Before you begin, be sure to provide the security group, subnet CIDR range, or IP address of the replication instance in the inbound rules of the Amazon Redshift cluster security group. The AWS DMS replication instance must have network connectivity to the Amazon Redshift endpoint (hostname and port) that the cluster uses. Also, confirm that AWS DMS has permissions to create the S3 bucket. AWS DMS uses Amazon S3 as the medium to transfer the data into an Amazon Redshift cluster. This means that AWS DMS requires the dms-access-for-endpoint AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. For more information, see the Prerequisites for using an Amazon Redshift database as a target for AWS Database Migration Service.Open the AWS DMS console, and choose the AWS Region that your Amazon Redshift cluster is in.Choose Endpoints from the navigation pane.Choose Create endpoint.From Endpoint type, choose Target endpoint.Enter your Endpoint identifier, and choose Redshift as your Target engine.Enter your Amazon Redshift endpoint for the Server name.Enter your Port number.Note: The default port for Amazon Redshift is 5439.Enter your Amazon Redshift User name, Password, and Database name.Optionally, you can add extra connection attributes from the Endpoint-specific settings.From the Test endpoint connection section, choose the VPC that the replication instance is in and choose the Replication instance.Choose Run test, and wait for the status to be successful.Choose Create endpoint.If you use the AWS DMS console to create the endpoint, then DMS creates the required IAM roles and policies automatically. If you use the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) or the AWS DMS API, you must create the IAM roles and policies manually. For more information about the configuration of the IAM role and the policy, see the To create the dms-access-for-endpoint IAM role for use with Amazon Redshift as a target database section of Creating the IAM roles to use with the AWS CLI and AWS DMS API.

Related informationUsing Amazon S3 as a target for AWS Database Migration ServiceUsing an Amazon Redshift database as a target for AWS Database Migration ServiceWorking with AWS DMS endpoints
Question: What do I do if AWS resources are being used to crawl my website?

AWS resources are being used to crawl my website. What do I do?Short descriptionIt's a best practice to protect your website against crawlers by creating or modifying your robots.txt file. The robots.txt file is a generally accepted standard for regulating web crawler activity.By modifying your robots.txt file, you can impact the following:Which crawlers can crawl your website.Which pages the crawlers can crawl.The rate at which pages can be crawled.If a crawler running on AWS resources isn't abiding by your robots.txt file, submit an abuse report.

ResolutionCreate or modify the robots.txt fileThe robots.txt file lists all restrictions in place for crawlers. This file can stop or slow down crawlers when attached to the root domain of a website.Check your logs for the User-agent name of the crawlers that you want to stop. To block that crawler from crawling any pages in your domain, add the User-agent name to your robots.txt file:User-agent: crawlerDisallow: /Note: Replace crawler with the User-agent name of the crawler.You can define different rules for each crawler in a new text block. For example, assume that you want to block crawler1 from crawling your page at all. But you also want to allow crawler2 to crawl your page at a reduced rate:User-agent: crawler1Disallow: /User-agent: crawler2Crawl-delay: 60Note: Replace crawler1 and crawler2 with the User-agent names of the crawlers.crawler2 now is allowed to crawl your domain, but only at a rate of once every 60 milliseconds.To block all crawlers from your web content, use a wildcard character:User-agent: *Disallow: /Note: Many search engines use crawlers to index pages for use in search results. Blocking all crawlers from crawling your website can make your page harder for users to find.You can define rules to specify which directories or pages can be crawled by the crawlers. For example, assume that you want to block crawler from crawling directory1 and directory2 except for a page example.html inside directory2:User-agent: crawlerDisallow: /directory1/Disallow: /directory2/Allow: /directory2/example.htmlNote: Replace crawler with the User-agent name of the crawler.Replace directory1 and directory2 with the names of your directories.Replace example.html with the name of your page.Add your robots.txt file to your domainAdd the robots.txt file to your root domain. For example, if your domain is example.com, then add the file in the following path:www.example.com/robots.txtContact AWS AbuseMalicious crawlers might ignore your robots.txt file. If you believe that a crawler running on AWS resources isn't abiding by your robots.txt file, submit an abuse report with complete logs. These logs must include the date, timestamp (including time zone), and the source IP address of the crawling activity. Be aware that the AWS Trust and Safety team must review your robots.txt file to confirm the non-compliance of the implicated customer.

Related informationHow do I report abuse of AWS resources?
Question: How can I run an AWS Glue job on a specific partition in Amazon S3?

I want to run an AWS Glue job on a specific partition in an Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) location.

Short descriptionTo filter on partitions in the AWS Glue Data Catalog, use a pushdown predicate. Unlike Filter transforms, pushdown predicates let you filter on partitions without having to list and read all the files in your dataset.

ResolutionCreate an AWS Glue job, and then specify the pushdown predicate in the DynamicFrame. In the following example, the job processes data in only the s3://awsexamplebucket/product_category=Video partition:datasource0 = glueContext.create_dynamic_frame.from_catalog(database = "testdata", table_name = "sampletable", transformation_ctx = "datasource0",push_down_predicate = "(product_category == 'Video')")In the following example, the pushdown predicate filters by date. The job processes data in only the s3://awsexamplebucket/year=2019/month=08/day=02 partition:datasource0 = glueContext.create_dynamic_frame.from_catalog(database = "testdata", table_name = "sampletable", transformation_ctx = "datasource0",push_down_predicate = "(year == '2019' and month == '08' and day == '02')")In the following example, the pushdown predicate filters by date for non-Hive style partitions. The job processes data in only the s3://awsexamplebucket/2019/07/03 partition:datasource0 = glueContext.create_dynamic_frame.from_catalog(database = "testdata", table_name = "sampletable", transformation_ctx = "datasource0",push_down_predicate ="(partition_0 == '2019' and partition_1 == '07' and partition_2 == '03')" )
Question: How do I monitor traffic in my VPC with flow logs?

How do I use flow logs to monitor the traffic to and from network interfaces in my virtual private cloud (VPC)?Short descriptionVPC flow logs help you understand and track traffic to and from your VPC, a subnet, or a network interface. This data is also stored in Amazon CloudWatch for analysis at a later time.

ResolutionReview the flow log limitations and determine if they’ll work for your use case. If so, create an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role for your flow log, and then create a flow log.Note: Flow logs aren't updated in real time. It's a best practice to use flow logs for analysis and troubleshooting only.You can use this AWS Automation document to create flow logs to CloudWatch Logs or Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). Be sure to have the required input parameters. For more information, see Publish flow logs to CloudWatch Logs and Publish flow logs to Amazon S3.Another option would be to deliver VPC flow logs to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. For more information, see Publish flow logs to Kinesis Data Firehose.

Related informationInternetwork traffic privacy in Amazon VPC
Question: I'm using ElastiCache for Redis. Why are my Redis client read requests always read from or redirected to the primary node of a shard?

I'm using Amazon ElastiCache for Redis. Why are my Redis client read requests always read from or redirected to the primary node of a shard?ResolutionAny node in a Redis cluster can receive queries from Redis clients. When a client sends a read/write query to a replica node, the node analyzes the request to confirm whether it is a single key or multi-key operation that belongs to the same hash slot of the shard. The default behavior of replica nodes in cluster-mode enabled clusters is to redirect all client read/write requests to an authoritative primary node of the shard that belongs to the key's hash slot. The replica node serves the read request only if that shard belongs to the hash slot and a readonly command is initiated by the client. This means that the replica node processes the request only if readonly is issued by the client before the request. Otherwise, the request is redirected to the primary node of the shard that the hash slot belongs to.Example1.    Log in to your cluster to set a key.172.31.21.72:6379> set key8 "This is testing for readonly"-> Redirected to slot [13004] located at 172.31.21.72:6379OK172.31.21.72:6379>2.    Connect to a replica node.In the following example, the readonly command isn't sent, and the request is redirected to a primary node.172.31.30.175:6379> info replication # Replication role:slave master_host:172.31.21.72 master_port:6379 master_link_status:up 172.31.30.175:637> CLUSTER KEYSLOT key8 (integer) 13004  172.31.30.175:637> get key8 (error) MOVED 13004 172.31.21.72:6379 172.31.30.175:637> get key8 -> Redirected to slot [13004] located at 172.31.21.72:6379 "This is testing for readonly" 172.31.21.72:6379>Note: The MOVED error shown in the preceding example occurs when the Redis cluster client isn't cluster aware and can't handle redirection requests to the primary node. For more information about the MOVED error, refer to Redis cluster specification - Redirection and resharding on the Redis.io website.In the following example, the readonly command is sent first, so the replica node processes the request instead of redirecting it to a primary node.172.31.30.175:6379> readonlyOK172.31.30.175:6379> get key8"This is testing for readonly"172.31.30.175:6379>The readonly command needs to be issued when the client connects to a node for the first time. The command is active only until the client reads keys from the same node. If the client connects to another replica node in the same or different shard, then you might need to issue a new readonly command.
Question: How can I create a CloudWatch alarm based on anomaly detection using the AWS CLI?

How can I create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm based on anomaly detection using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)?Short descriptionWhen you activate anomaly detection for a metric, CloudWatch applies machine-learning algorithms to the metric's historical data to create a model of the metric's expected values.The model generates two metrics that represent:The upper band of normal metric behaviorThe lower band of normal metric behavior, with a default value of two standard deviationsTo learn more, see How CloudWatch anomaly detection works.

ResolutionNote: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent AWS CLI version.1.    Create a JSON file to set a CloudWatch alarm based on anomaly detection:{  "AlarmActions": [    "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:397466294846:test1"  ],  "AlarmName": "MyAlarmName",  "AlarmDescription": "This alarm uses an anomaly detection model",  "Metrics": [    {      "Id": "m1",      "ReturnData": true,      "MetricStat": {        "Metric": {          "MetricName": "NetworkIn",          "Namespace": "AWS/EC2",          "Dimensions": [            {              "Name": "InstanceId",              "Value": "i-0e1830cdc0447f6b9"            }          ]        },        "Stat": "Average",        "Period": 60      }    },    {      "Id": "t1",      "Expression": "ANOMALY_DETECTION_BAND(m1, 3)"    }  ],  "EvaluationPeriods": 2,  "ThresholdMetricId": "t1",  "ComparisonOperator": "LessThanLowerOrGreaterThanUpperThreshold"}In this file:The Id of m1 is assigned to the NetworkIn metric of an instance. t1 is the anomaly detection model function for the NetworkIn metric. The model uses three standard deviations to set the width of the band.ThresholdMetricId is set to t1, and ComparisonOperator is set to LessThanLowerOrGreaterThanUpperThreshold. These settings make sure that the alarm goes into alarm state when the metric value is outside the anomaly model band in either direction for two consecutive evaluation periods.2.    Save the JSON file as anomaly-alarm.json. Then, run the following command to create an alarm with the anomaly detection band specified in the file:$ aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm --cli-input-json file://anomaly-alarm.jsonThe model is generated when you finish creating the alarm. The band that you see in the graph initially is an approximation of the anomaly detection band. It might take up to 15 minutes for the anomaly detection band generated by the model to appear in the graph.

Related informationCreating a CloudWatch alarm based on anomaly detection