VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: Why is IPsec/Phase 2 for AWS Site-to-Site VPN failing to establish a connection?

When I try to set up an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection in Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), the IPsec/Phase 2 of my configuration fails to establish a connection.

ResolutionIf your Site-to-Site VPN Internet Protocol security (IPsec/Phase 2) fails to establish a connection, then try the following steps to resolve the problem:Verify that the Site-to-Site VPN Phase 2 parameters are configured correctly on your customer gateway device. To do so, compare your settings against the VPN configuration file that you downloaded from the Site-to-Site VPN console.Verify that the supported Phase 2 parameters for IKEv1 and IKEv2 are configured correctly:Example IKEv1 and IKEv2 parameters:IKEv1 Encryption: AES-128, AES-256, AES128-GCM-16, AES256-GCM-16IKEv1 Data Integrity: SHA-1, SHA2-256, SHA2-384, SHA2-512IKEv1 DH groups: 2, 5, and 14-24Lifetime: 3600 secondsDiffie-Hellman Perfect Forward Secrecy: EnabledNote: The example IKEv1 and IKEv2 Phase 2 and IKEv2 Child_SA parameters specify the minimum requirements for a Site-to-Site VPN connection of:AWS Phase 2 parameters: AES128, SHA1, Diffie-Hellman group 2AWS GovCloud (US) Phase 2 parameters: AES128, SHA2, Diffie-Hellman group 14Verify that Diffie-Hellman Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is active and is using Diffie-Hellman groups for key generation. For more information, see the Use Diffie-Hellman Perfect Forward Secrecy section.Verify that there is no security association or traffic selector mismatch between AWS and the customer gateway device.Verify whether the configured Site-to-Site VPN connection options, including remote and local IP addresses, match the security association specified on the customer gateway device. For more information, see How do I troubleshoot connection problems between an AWS VPN endpoint and a policy-based VPN?Verify if traffic is initiated inbound towards AWS. Site-to-Site VPN works in responder mode by default, allowing configuration changes to IKE negotiations, peer timeout settings, and other configuration settings. For more information, see Site-to-Site VPN tunnel initiation options.If your issue still persists, try the following:Turn on Site-to-Site VPN logs.Examine the IPsec debug logs to learn the cause of the failure and troubleshooting steps.

Related informationExample customer gateway device configurations for dynamic routing (BGP)Example customer gateway device configurations for static routingModifying Site-to-Site VPN tunnel optionsWhat is AWS Site-to-Site VPN?
Question: How can I optimize performance when I upload large files to Amazon S3?

I want to upload large files (1 GB or larger) to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). How can I optimize the performance of this upload?Short descriptionWhen you upload large files to Amazon S3, it's a best practice to leverage multipart uploads. If you're using the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), then all high-level aws s3 commands automatically perform a multipart upload when the object is large. These high-level commands include aws s3 cp and aws s3 sync.Consider the following options for improving the performance of uploads and optimizing multipart uploads:If you're using the AWS CLI, customize the upload configurations.Enable Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration.

ResolutionIf you're using the AWS CLI, customize the upload configurationsYou can customize the following AWS CLI configurations for Amazon S3:max_concurrent_requests: This value sets the number of requests that can be sent to Amazon S3 at a time. The default value is 10.Note: Running more threads consumes more resources on your machine. You must be sure that your machine has enough resources to support the maximum number of concurrent requests that you want.max_queue_size: This value sets the maximum number of tasks in the queue. The default value is 1,000.multipart_threshold: This value sets the size threshold for multipart uploads of individual files. The default value is 8 MB.multipart_chunksize: This value sets the size of each part that the AWS CLI uploads in a multipart upload for an individual file. This setting allows you to break down a larger file (for example, 300 MB) into smaller parts for quicker upload speeds. The default value is 8 MB.Note: A multipart upload requires that a single file is uploaded in not more than 10,000 distinct parts. You must be sure that the chunksize that you set balances the part file size and the number of parts.max_bandwidth: This value sets the maximum bandwidth for uploading data to Amazon S3. There is no default value.Note: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.Enable Amazon S3 Transfer AccelerationAmazon S3 Transfer Acceleration can provide fast and secure transfers over long distances between your client and Amazon S3. Transfer Acceleration uses Amazon CloudFront's globally distributed edge locations.Transfer Acceleration incurs additional charges, so be sure to review pricing. To determine if Transfer Acceleration might improve the transfer speeds for your use case, review the Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration Speed Comparison tool.Note: Transfer Acceleration doesn't support cross-Region copies using CopyObject.
Question: How do I choose the right primary key for my Amazon DynamoDB table?

I want to know the considerations when choosing a primary key for my Amazon DynamoDB table.

Short descriptionThere are two types of primary keys in DynamoDB:Partition key: This is a simple primary key. If the table has only a partition key, then no two items can have the same partition key value.Composite primary key: This is a combination of partition key and sort key. If the table has a composite primary key, then two items might have the same partition key value. However, those items must have different sort key values.The primary key must be unique for each item in the table irrespective of the type of primary key that you choose. Failure to choose an appropriate primary key might lead to uneven data distribution and hot keys that might cause throttling (ProvisionedThroughputExceededException).

ResolutionUse one or more of the following strategies when choosing a primary key:Use a high-cardinality attribute: The partition key must be an attribute that has unique values for each item, such as user ID, email, or phone number.Use composite attributes: Combine multiple attributes to form a primary key. For example, you might have an "orders" table that combines the customer ID, product ID, and country code for the partition key, and then uses the order date as the sort key. This increases the likelihood that each item has a unique primary key.Add random numbers to your partition key: For write-heavy use cases, consider adding random numbers from a predetermined range to your partition key. This increase the randomness of the partition key. For more information, see Using write sharding to distribute workloads evenly.For detailed information about each of these strategies, see Choosing the right DynamoDB partition key.

Related informationBest practices for designing and using partition keys effectivelyWhy is my Amazon DynamoDB table being throttled?
Question: How do I connect different branch offices using AWS Site-to-Site VPN and AWS Direct Connect?

I want to establish connectivity between branch offices using AWS Site-to-Site VPN and AWS Direct Connect.

Short descriptionAWS Site-to-Site VPN provides secured connectivity between AWS resources and the on-premises network such as a data center or a branch office.AWS Direct Connect provides connectivity to AWS resources by establishing a link between your internal network and the AWS Direct Connect location.Use Site-to-Site VPN and AWS Direct Connect's transit virtual interface (VIF) to establish connectivity between the branch offices.

ResolutionEstablish the Site-to-Site VPN connection through a transit gateway from your branch office (for example, Branch office 1). Then, establish AWS Direct Connect from the second branch office (for example, Branch office 2) to the same transit gateway that you used to set up Site-to-Site VPN.Branch office 1Complete these steps to set up the AWS Direct Connect connection through the transit gateway:Request AWS Direct Connect between an AWS Direct Connect location and Branch office 1.Create an AWS Direct Connect transit VIF to the Direct Connect gateway.Associate the transit gateway to the AWS Direct Connect gateway.Note: List Branch office 2's network prefixes in Allowed prefixes.Using Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), advertise Branch office 1's CIDR from an on-premises device towards the transit VIF. For more information on configuring your on-premises device, see the device's third-party documentation for details.Branch office 2Complete these steps to set up a Site-to-Site VPN connection in this branch:Establish Site-to-Site VPN through the same transit gateway used for the transit VIF in Branch office 1.Using BGP, advertise Branch office 2's network prefixes from the customer gateway device towards the Site-to-Site VPN.Note:Make sure that the Site-to-Site VPN attachment and the AWS Direct Connect gateway attachment associate with the same transit gateway routing table.The Autonomous System Number (ASN) for Transit Gateway, AWS Direct Connect gateway, and the branch offices must be unique.
Question: How do I troubleshoot HTTP 404 (Not Found) errors in CloudFront?

My Amazon CloudFront distribution is returning HTTP 404 (Not Found) errors. Why is this happening, and how do I troubleshoot the issue?Short descriptionIf the requested file isn't present in the origin configured on the CloudFront distribution, the origin returns an HTTP 404 (Not Found) status code. CloudFront then returns the status code to the viewer.

ResolutionTo troubleshoot HTTP 404 (Not Found) errors in CloudFront, verify the following:1.    The requested file is present in the origin.2.    The request URL's path matches the file path in the origin.Important: Make sure that the request URL's path includes the entire file path, including the object name. You can use an edge function to attach the full file path to the request before the request is forwarded to the origin.3.    (For distributions that use edge functions) The function is modifying the request URL path correctly. To verify, review your Lambda@Edge logs or CloudFront Functions logs.4.    (For distributions with multiple origins) The request is being sent to the correct origin. To verify, review the path patterns specified in your distribution's Cache behavior settings. Then, make sure that the request URL matches the intended path pattern.Important: CloudFront path patterns and references to objects in Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) are case sensitive.
Question: How do I troubleshoot Remote Desktop Connection issues to my Amazon EC2 Windows instance?

I can't connect to my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Windows instance with Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). How can I fix this?ResolutionTroubleshoot the error message "An internal error occurred"If you receive the RDP error message "An internal error occurred", then see Step: 1 Check the RDP port on the Microsoft website.Troubleshoot using an instance screenshotYou can view an instance screenshot for visibility into the instance's status. If the screenshot indicates that the instance operating system (OS) boots successfully but fails instance status checks, then complete the following steps:Create a secondary network interface.Attach the secondary network interface to the instance.Test connecting to the instance through RDP again.Verify that you're using the correct IP addressIf the instance is in a subnet that uses a NAT Gateway, make sure that you're connecting to the instance's private IP address. The instance is unreachable on the public IP address behind the NAT Gateway.Verify that port 3389 isn't blockedVerify that port 3389 isn't blocked by your AWS security group, network ACL, OS firewall, or antivirus software.Confirm you're using the correct firewall and network configuration1.    Open a PowerShell window from your local device, and then run the following command:Test-NetConnection -ComputerName yourdomain.exampleco.com -Port 33892.    In the output of the preceding command, verify that TcpTestSucceeded is True. This indicates that the EC2 instance is responding over the network and you can reach the required RDP port. For more information, see Test-NetConnection on the Microsoft website.Additional troubleshootingIf the preceding steps don't resolve the issue, use the  AWSSupport-TroubleshootRDP automation document with AWS Systems Manager to troubleshoot and fix common RDP-related connection issues. You can run the automation document without installing the SSM agent on your instance. Also, the instance doesn't need to be managed by AWS Systems Manager to run the automation document.For manual troubleshooting steps, see Remote Desktop can't connect to the remote computer.

Related informationTroubleshoot EC2 Windows instancesHow can I use EC2Rescue to troubleshoot issues with my Amazon EC2 Windows instance?Connect to your Windows instance
Question: I received the message "NetworkInterfaces associated with the Lambda Function to be cleaned up" when deleting a CloudFormation stack.

I tried to delete an AWS CloudFormation stack, and received the message "CloudFormation is waiting for NetworkInterfaces associated with the Lambda function to be cleaned up". How do I fix this issue?Short descriptionRequester-managed network interfaces are network interfaces created in your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) by AWS services such as AWS Lambda. AWS CloudFormation uses elastic network interfaces, and elastic network interfaces can only be deleted by Lambda. Deleting an elastic network interface can take up to 45 minutes. This length of time depends on factors such as how many Lambda functions are using the elastic network interface.

ResolutionTo reduce the time to deleting elastic network interfaces with CloudFormation stacks, follow these steps.1.    Make sure that the elastic network interface isn't used by other Lambda functions or versions. If the elastic network interface is associated with a Lambda function version, you must delete the function versions. This is because published Lambda function versions can’t be edited, and the Amazon VPC configuration can’t be changed. Follow the instructions to run the Lambda elastic network interface finder and delete the network interface.2.    Route traffic away from the Lambda function before deleting the CloudFormation stack. This makes sure that the elastic network interface is removed automatically before the CloudFormation stack deletion. Manually change the Amazon VPC configuration for each Lambda function that share the same security group subnet combination to none. The Lambda service automatically deletes the elastic network interface after no traffic is routed.Note: Lambda doesn't delete network interfaces for AWS accounts that are used by functions or function versions with the same Amazon VPC configurations as the functions that created the network interfaces.

Related informationHow do I delete an AWS Lambda-backed custom resource that's stuck in DELETE_FAILED status or DELETE_IN_PROGRESS status in CloudFormation?What are some best practices for implementing AWS Lambda-backed custom resources with AWS CloudFormation?
Question: How do I set up Kubernetes Metrics Server and Horizontal Pod Autoscaler on Amazon EKS?

I want to set up Kubernetes Metrics Server and Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS).

ResolutionSet up your environment1.    Create an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance.2.    Install kubectl on your EC2 instance.3.    Install and configure the latest version of the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) on your EC2 instance.4.    Configure your kubeconfig file to point to the Amazon EKS cluster.Create a Kubernetes Metrics Server1.    To install Metrics Server, run the following command:kubectl apply -f https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/latest/download/components.yaml2.    To confirm that Metrics Server is running, run the following command:kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=metrics-serverThe output is similar to the following:kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=metrics-servermetrics-server-85cc795fbf-79d72   1/1     Running   0          22sCreate a php-apache deployment and a service1.    To create a php-apache deployment, run the following command:kubectl create deployment php-apache --image=k8s.gcr.io/hpa-example2.    To set the CPU requests, run the following command:kubectl patch deployment php-apache -p='{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"containers":[{"name":"hpa-example","resources":{"requests":{"cpu":"200m"}}}]}}}}'Important: If you don't set the value for cpu correctly, then the CPU utilization metric for the pod isn't defined and the HPA can't scale.3.    To expose the deployment as a service, run the following command:kubectl create service clusterip php-apache --tcp=804.    To create an HPA, run the following command:kubectl autoscale deployment php-apache --cpu-percent=50 --min=1 --max=105.    To confirm that the HPA was created, run the following command:kubectl get hpa6.    To create a pod to connect to the deployment that you created earlier, run the following command:kubectl run -i --tty load-generator --image=busybox /bin/sh7.    To test a load on the pod in the namespace that you used in step 1, run the following script:while true; do wget -q -O- http://php-apache; doneNote: To exit the while loop and the tty session of the load generator pod, use CTRL + C to cancel the loop. Then, use CTRL + D to exit the session.8.    To see how the HPA scales the pod based on CPU utilization metrics, run the following command (preferably from another terminal window):kubectl get hpa -wThe Metrics Server is now up and running, and you can use it to get resource-based metrics.9.    To clean up the resources used for testing the HPA, run the following commands:kubectl delete hpa,service,deployment php-apachekubectl delete pod load-generator

Related informationHorizontal Pod Autoscaling
Question: How do I pre-register a Sender ID for India in Amazon SNS?

I want to preregister a Sender ID for India in Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

ResolutionUnderstand the special requirements for sending SMS messages to recipients in India.Register with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).Request a Sender ID.Send SMS messages.Note: To send SMS messages to Indian recipients using the Amazon SNS console, see step 9 in Sending a message (console).

Related informationTroubleshooting SMS messages sent to recipients in India
Question: How can I configure TXT records that are longer than 255 characters in Route 53?

I want to configure text (TXT) records that are longer than 255 characters in Amazon Route 53.

ResolutionNote: It's a best practice to create a TXT record that contains the applicable values instead of an SPF record. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in 2014 deprecated the SPF record type. Most email providers don't support SPF records. While Route 53 provides an option to create an SPF record, your email provider might not be able to identify the SPF record. Or, you might see the error SPF validation isn't working. For more information, see RFC 7208 on the IETF website.Creating TXT recordsKey points to remember:A TXT record contains one or more strings that are enclosed in double quotation marks (").You can enter a value of up to 255 characters in one string in a TXT record.You can add multiple strings of 255 characters in a single TXT record.The maximum length of a value in a TXT record is 4,000 characters.TXT record values are case-sensitive.For values that exceed 255 characters, break the value into strings of 255 characters or less. Enclose each string in double quotation marks (") using the following syntax: Domain name TXT "String 1" "String 2" "String 3"….."String N".For information on the values to specify in your TXT record, see Entering TXT record values.To create a TXT record to replace an SPF record:Open the Route 53 console.Choose Hosted zones.Select the domain of the SPF recordCopy the value of the SPF record, and then choose Create record.For Routing policy, choose Simple routing.Choose Next.Choose Define simple record.For Record name, specify a name.For Value/Route traffic to, choose IP address or another value depending on the record type. Then, paste the SPF record value that you copied in step 4.For Record type, choose TXT.For TTL (seconds), specify a time to live value.Choose Define simple record.The following example shows a TXT record that has configured values for domain verification, the SPF record, and DKIM signing:txt1.geeksbox.club. TXT 3600 "google-site-verification=rXOxyZounnZasA8Z7oaD3c14JdjS9aKSWvsR1EbUSIQ""v=spf1 include:_netblocks.google.com include:_netblocks2.google.com include:_netblocks3.google.com ~all""spf2.0/pra include:spf1.amazon.com include:spf2.amazon.com include:amazonses.com -all""v=DKIM1;k=rsa;p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDeIhtCv3vUinyhKiKtZ8efjHGGo8gE1T+o7gLrvo6yRtdz9ICe6Fz5sgz0WYFW5nCV4DmaTcS25TfgWKsLgg"
Question: Why can't I see my VPC endpoint service in the verified services list when I'm creating an interface VPC endpoint?

I’m using Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) to create an interface VPC endpoint. However, I can't find the VPC endpoint service in the verified services section of the VPC endpoint services console from other accounts. How can I resolve this?Short descriptionService consumers can connect to your AWS PrivateLink-powered services (VPC endpoint services) from another VPC using an interface VPC endpoint. Service consumers are Identity and Access Management principals. Service consumers can be IAM users, IAM roles, or AWS accounts.If you can't find the endpoint service when creating the interface VPC endpoint, make sure that the service endpoint provider account lists the service consumer account or user ARN under Allowed principals.ARNs appear in the following formats:An AWS account (and all principals in the account): arn:aws:iam::aws-account-id:root.A specific IAM user: arn:aws:iam::aws-account-id:user/user-name.A specific IAM role: arn:aws:iam::aws-account-id:role/role-name.

ResolutionOpen Endpoint services in the VPC console.Choose the endpoint service.Select Actions, Allow principals.Verify that you can see the service consumer's ARN in Allowed principals. If the service consumer's ARN isn't listed, then select Allow principal.Enter the ARN of the service consumer account as arn:aws:iam::consumer_account_number:root in the ARN field, and then select Allow principals.For more information, see Add or remove permissions for your endpoint service.

Related informationEndpoint service Availability Zone considerationsWhy can't I connect to an endpoint service from my interface endpoint in an Amazon VPC?