VishaalY/solutions-architect-hf-dataset huggingface dataset:
Question: How do I troubleshoot the "ResourceLimitExceeded" error in Amazon SageMaker?

I want to troubleshoot the "ResourceLimitExceeded" error in Amazon SageMaker.

ResolutionWhen you create a SageMaker resource, such as a processing job, training job, endpoint, or Studio app, you might get the ResourceLimitExceeded error. See the following example error message:"The account-level service limit 'ml.m5.xlarge for endpoint usage' is 0 Instances, with current utilization of 0 Instances and a request delta of 1 Instances. Please contact AWS support to request an increase for this limit."This error usually occurs when you exceed the account level service quotas that are specified for your SageMaker resources.To resolve this error, complete the following steps:1.    Open the Service Quotas console.Note: To use the Service Quotas console, you need the corresponding AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) permission in your user or role.2.    From the AWS Region selector on the navigation bar, select the Region where you get the error.3.    In the navigation pane, choose AWS services.4.    In the Search bar, enter Amazon SageMaker.5.    Choose Amazon SageMaker.6.    Select the quota that you want to increase. For the preceding example error message, select ml.m5.xlarge for endpoint usage.7.    Choose Request quote increase.8.    For Change quota value, enter the desired value.9.    Choose Request.This sends your request to AWS Support. Based on your use case and current usage, your request is either approved, denied, or partially approved.

Related informationAWS service quotasSageMaker service quotas
Question: Why can't my Amazon EC2 instance in a private subnet connect to the internet using a NAT gateway?

I created a NAT gateway to reach the internet from my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance. My instance uses HTTP or HTTPS ports in a private subnet, but isn't able to reach the internet.

ResolutionVerify that the instances meet the following conditions:1.    The destination is reachable by pinging the destination from another source using a public IP address.2.    The NAT gateway is in the Available state. If the NAT gateway is in the Failed state, then see NAT gateway creation fails.Note: A NAT gateway in the Failed state automatically deletes after about an hour.3.    You created your NAT gateway in a public subnet, and the public route table has a default route pointing to an internet gateway.4.    The private subnet's route table has a default route pointing to the NAT gateway.Important: Make sure that you're not using the same route table for both the private and the public subnet. Using the same route table means that traffic isn't routed to the internet.5.    The enableDnsSupport attribute is set to true in the VPC. For more information, see View and update DNS attributes for your VPC.Note: Turn on DNS to prevent DNS resolution failure.6.    Firewalls aren't blocking traffic over ports 80 (for HTTP traffic) and 443 (for HTTPS traffic). Make sure that you check for a firewall blocking traffic on the destination host. You can use the following example command to check for firewalls:$ telnet PUBLIC_IP TCP_PORT7.    The security group attached to the instance's elastic network interface allows outbound traffic to ports 80 and 443. For more information, see Amazon EC2 security groups for Linux instances or Amazon EC2 security groups for Windows instances.8.    The following examples have rules allowing inbound and outbound traffic on ports 80 and 443 using the destination IP address 0.0.0.0/0:The network Access Control Lists (ACLs) associated with the private subnet where the instance is located.The network ACLs associated with the public subnet where the NAT Gateway is located.To allow your Amazon EC2 instances to access an HTTPS website, the network ACL associated with the NAT gateway subnet must have the following rules:Inbound rulesSourceProtocolPort RangeAllow / DenyVPC CIDRTCP443ALLOWPUBLIC_IPTCP1024-65535ALLOWOutbound rulesDestinationProtocolPort RangeAllow / DenyPUBLIC_IPTCP443ALLOWVPC CIDRTCP1024-65535ALLOWFor more information on configuring network ACLs, see Work with network ACLs.

Related informationNAT gatewaysConfigure route tables
Question: Why does my Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster have more nodes than I originally provisioned?

In the Monitoring tab of the Amazon OpenSearch Service console, a cluster appears to have twice the number of nodes than originally provisioned. Why is this happening?ResolutionAmazon OpenSearch Service uses blue/green deployments to make most cluster configuration changes. During this process, OpenSearch Service provisions a new cluster with the specified number of nodes, copying the entire dataset over from the existing cluster. When the data migration is complete, OpenSearch Service terminates the existing cluster, and the number of nodes returns to normal.In most cases, the following changes don't trigger a blue/green deployment:Access policiesAutomated snapshot hourEnabling auto-tune or disabling auto-tune without rolling back changesIf your domain has dedicated master nodes, changing the data node or UltraWarm node countFor more information about configuration changes and blue/green deployment, see Making configuration changes in OpenSearch Service.

Related informationCreating and managing Amazon OpenSearch Service domains
Question: How can I troubleshoot Lambda function "runtime exited" errors?

My AWS Lambda function returned a "runtime exited" error.

Short descriptionLambda runtime errors return a status code similar to the following:{    "errorType": "Runtime.ExitError",    "errorMessage": "RequestId: 1234aa1b-cd50-6c78-90cd-ce1234ce9950 Error: Runtime exited with error: exit status 129"}ResolutionFollow these best practices to review the Lambda function code, identify the root cause, and then troubleshoot the runtime error.Check the function code for exit codes that explicitly calls syntax such as process.exit(0), exit(), quit(), os.Exit(), Environment.Exit(), and so on. If the function code contains any of these exit codes, then either remove them or replace them with a valid return statement.Review the Amazon CloudWatch logs for the Lambda function and check the functions memory. Lambda allocates CPU power in proportion to the amount of memory configured. You might need to increase the amount of memory. You can configure the amount of memory allocated to a Lambda function between 128 MB and 10,240 MB. You can also optimize the code to reduce the amount of resources consumed. For more information, see Memory and computing power.If the function is connecting to backend databases, too many connections might occur. To avoid unnecessary connections, initialize database connections outside of the function handler. Subsequent Lambda function invocation requests can reuse these database connections. For more information, see Best practices for working with AWS Lambda functions.Attempts to reuse an idle connection when invoking a Lambda function results in a connection error. To maintain a persistent connection, use the keep-alive directive associated with your runtime. For more information, see Reusing Connections with keep-alive in Node.js.Check to see if the Lambda function has "out of memory" errors due to the file descriptors and threads limit of 1,024. Turn on Lambda Insights enhanced monitoring on the function. You can search and analyze log data for memory usage metrics using a specialized query syntax. For example, you can monitor the fd_use metric. The metrics are stored in the log group name /aws/lambda-insights. For more information, see Metrics collected by Lambda Insights.

Related informationHow do I determine if my Lambda function is timing out?
Question: How does Amazon EBS calculate the optimal I/O size I should use to improve performance on my gp2 or io1 volume?

I want to improve the throughput performance of my gp2 or io1 Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. How does Amazon EBS calculate the I/O size I should use to improve performance?ResolutionFor gp2 and io1 EBS volumes, Amazon EBS calculates performance in terms of input/output per second (IOPS). gp2 and io1 volumes can process a maximum I/O of 256 KiB.The size of an I/O operation determines the throughput the EBS volume provides. Amazon EBS calculates throughput using the equation: Throughput = Number of IOPS * size per I/O operation.The size per I/O operation varies by volume type.gp2 volumesMax IOPS = 16,000Max Throughput = 250 MiBio1 volumesMax IOPS = 64,000Max Throughput = 1,000 MiBNote: Amazon EBS guarantees maximum throughput of 1,000 MiB/s only on Nitro-based instances. Other instance families guarantee up to 500 MiB/s. An older io1 volume might not see full performance until you perform a ModifyVolume action.Amazon EBS calculates the optimal I/O size using the following equation: throughput / number of IOPS = optimal I/O size.gp2 volume optimal I/O size: 250 MiB * 1024/16000 = 16 KiBio1 volume optimal I/O size: 1000 MiB * 1024/64000 = 16 KiBAmazon EBS merges smaller, sequential I/O operations that are 32 KiB or over to form a single I/O of 256 KiB before processing. Merging smaller, sequential I/O operations into larger, single I/O operations increases throughput.For example, if the application is performing small I/O operations of 32 KiB:Sequential operations: Amazon EBS merges sequential (physically contiguous) operations to the maximum I/O size of 256 KiB. In this scenario, Amazon EBS counts only 1 IOPS to perform 8 I/O operations submitted by the operating system.Random operations: Amazon EBS counts random I/O operations separately. A single, random I/O operation of 32 KiB counts as 1 IOPS. In this scenario, Amazon EBS counts 8 random, 32 KiB I/O operations as 8 IOPS submitted by the OS.As Amazon EBS tries to merge smaller I/O operations into a larger one that uses more I/O bandwidth, you might reach the throughput limit before achieving maximum IOPS. To avoid this, your application's I/O operations should be random enough that Amazon EBS counts them as a single IOPS of 16 KiB.Amazon EBS splits I/O operations larger than the maximum 256 KiB into smaller operations. For example, if the I/O size is 500 KiB, Amazon EBS splits the operation into 2 IOPS. The first one is 256 KiB and the second one is 244 KiB.Note: Instances or kernels that don't support indirect descriptors have an average I/O size at or near 44 KiB. Linux kernel 3.8 and below doesn't support indirect descriptors, therefore, you might find your I/O size capped at 44 KiB.

Related informationHow can I use CloudWatch metrics to calculate the average throughput and average number of IOPS my EBS volume is providing?Amazon EBS volume types
Question: How can I find the network packets per second (PPS) limit for Amazon EC2 instances?

I have an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance and I want to find the network packets per second (PPS) limit for that instance.

Short descriptionThe PPS for an Amazon EC2 instance depends on a number of network characteristics for the instance. This includes:Traffic mix, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) versus User Datagram Protocol (UDP)Number of flowsPacket sizeNew connections versus existing connectionsApplied security group rulesPPS allowance is considered separately from the overall bandwidth allowance. While an instance might be under overall bandwidth allowance, the PPS allowance can be exceeded if the mean packet size is too small.

ResolutionCustomers can perform PPS benchmarking using the iperf2 test. Depending on the network characteristics, this test can help customers find out the approximate PPS limit of any Amazon EC2 Instance subjective to the network characteristics highlighted earlier.To perform an iperf2 test, do the following:1.    Create two Amazon EC2 instances in the same Availability Zone (AZ) using an Amazon Linux 2 image. The instance type of both the instances should be similar.2.    Install development tools and git on both instances by running the following commands:sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"sudo yum install git3.    Clone iperf code on both Amazon EC2 instances by running the following commands:cd /usr/local/sudo git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/iperf2/code iperf2-code4.    Build and install the package on both Amazon EC2 instances using the following:cd /usr/local/iperf2-codesudo ./configuresudo makesudo make install5.    Run iperf on one instance while in listening mode. This instance will act as a server for your iperf test:sudo /usr/local/bin/iperf -s -u6.    Run the following iperf command on the other instance. This instance will act as a client:sudo /usr/local/bin/iperf -c <private_IP_of_server_instance> -u -i 1 -l 16 -b 20kpps -e -P64The response shows you the maximum PPS achieved for this instance type. For more information, see MANPAGE of IPERF.
Question: Why is the Amazon ECS container instance that I terminated still registered with its cluster?

I terminated my container instance in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), but my container instance still appears as a resource in my Amazon ECS cluster. How can I remove this container instance from my cluster?Short descriptionIf you terminate a RUNNING container instance with a connected Amazon ECS container agent, the agent automatically deregisters the instance from your cluster. However, if you terminate a STOPPED container instance with disconnected agents, the container instance isn't automatically removed from the cluster.

ResolutionDeregister your container instance in the STOPPED state by using the Amazon ECS console or AWS Command Line Interface.The deregistered container instance will no longer appear as a resource in your Amazon ECS cluster.To troubleshoot a disconnected ECS agent see Why are my Amazon ECS container instances with Amazon Linux 2 AMIs disconnected?Related informationAmazon ECS container instancesInstalling the Amazon ECS container agentLaunching an Amazon ECS container instanceAmazon ECS container agent configuration
Question: How do I resolve "the closest matching container-instance container-instance-id has insufficient CPU units available" error in Amazon ECS?

When I try to place a task in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), I receive the following error: "[AWS service] was unable to place a task because no container instance met all of its requirements. The closest matching container-instance container-instance-id has insufficient CPU units available." How can I resolve this error?Short DescriptionYou can get this error if your closest matching container instance for task placement doesn't have enough CPU units to meet the requirements of the task definition.Note: If you didn't receive the preceding error message, choose an article based on one of the following error messages that you received:[AWS service] was unable to place a task because no container instance met all of its requirements.[AWS service] was unable to place a task because no container instance met all of its requirements. The closest matching container-instance container-instance-id encountered error "AGENT".

ResolutionCheck the remaining CPU units on your container instanceOpen the Amazon ECS console.Choose the cluster where you want to place the task, and then choose the ECS Instances tab.Choose the container instance with the container instance ID that was returned in your error message.To check the remaining CPU units on the Details tab of your instance, look for the CPU row of the table that lists the Registered and Available number of CPU units.Note: You can also view CPU units by describing the container instance with the awscli.Make adjustments to meet the CPU requirementsModify your task size to meet the CPU requirements.Note: Optionally, you can specify the total amount of cpu used for the task. The total amount is separate from the cpu and memory values at the container definition level. The total amount of CPU is a hard limit that can't be exceeded. If you don't set CPU units at the task level, then the CPU settings specified in the container definition are used for scheduling.Modify your container definition parameters to meet the CPU requirements.Note: You can modify the value of the cpu property in the container definition section of your task definition. This property corresponds to the number of CPU units that the ECS container agent reserves for your task. The amount of CPU units remaining on the EC2 instance must at least equal the amount at the container definition level. The amount of CPU units an EC2 instance can have varies by instance type used in the cluster.Add an additional container instance to the cluster.Note: You might need to add a larger instance type to your container. A larger instance type provides more CPU units per instance for larger tasks. For more information on CPU availability by instance type, see Amazon EC2 Instance Types.Related InformationLaunching an Amazon ECS Container InstanceTask Definition Parameters
Question: Can I use AWS promotional credits to purchase Reserved Instances?

Can I use promotional credits to purchase Reserved Instances (RIs)?ResolutionPromotional credits can't be applied to upfront costs for Partial Upfront RIs, All Upfront RIs, or Savings Plans.However, the hourly rates that you pay for running instances can be covered by your credits when you have Partial Upfront RIs, No Upfront RIs, or Savings Plans.Check that your credits apply to usage for the service in the Credits pane of the AWS Billing and Cost Management console.Note: Credits might be applied differently if your account is in an organization. For more information, see How is the pricing benefit of a Reserved Instance applied across an organization's consolidated bill?Related informationRedeem your AWS promotional creditAmazon EC2 Reserved Instances
Question: Why is the CloudWatch Events rule that I created using CloudFormation templates or the AWS CLI unable to invoke AWS Lambda?

I created an Amazon CloudWatch Events (CloudWatch Events) rule using AWS CloudFormation (CloudFormation) templates or the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI). I tried to invoke an AWS Lambda target, but the target didn't invoke.

Short descriptionCloudWatch Events rule created using CloudFormation templates or the AWS CLI must explicitly grant CloudWatch Events rule permissions to invoke the Lambda target.

ResolutionYou can add the CloudWatch Events rule permissions required to invoke your Lambda target in either the CloudFormation template or the AWS CLI.Note: If you receive errors when running AWS CLI commands, make sure that you’re using the most recent version of the AWS CLI.Option 1: Add permissions in the CloudFormation templateUse the AWS::Lambda::Permission resource to add a policy statement to your Lambda function's access policy.Important: In the CloudFormation template, be sure to:Replace MyLambdaFunction with the logical name of the Lambda function.Replace MyEventRule with the logical name of the event rule.JSON"LambdaInvokePermission":{  "Type": "AWS::Lambda::Permission",  "Properties": {    "FunctionName": {      "Fn::GetAtt": [        "MyLambdaFunction",        "Arn"      ]    },    "Action": "lambda:InvokeFunction",    "Principal": "events.amazonaws.com",    "SourceArn": {      "Fn::GetAtt": [        "EventRule",        "Arn"      ]    }  }}YAMLLambdaInvokePermission:  Type: AWS::Lambda::Permission  Properties:    FunctionName:      Fn::GetAtt:        - MyLambdaFunction        - Arn    Action: "lambda:InvokeFunction"    Principal: "events.amazonaws.com"    SourceArn:      Fn::GetAtt:        - "EventRule"        - "Arn"Option 2: Add permissions using the AWS CLIAt a command prompt, enter the following command.aws lambda add-permission--statement-id "TrustCloudWatchToInvokeMyLambdaFunction" \--action "lambda:InvokeFunction" \--principal "events.amazonaws.com" \--function-name "arn:aws:lambda:<region>:<account-id>:function:<function-name>"\--source-arn "arn:aws:events:<region>:<account-id>:rule/<rule-name>"Related informationUsing AWS Lambda with AWS CloudFormation
Question: How do I create and connect to a Client VPN endpoint using private certificates for mutual authentication with AWS Certificate Manager?

I want to create and connect to an AWS Client VPN endpoint using private certificates for mutual authentication with AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). How can I do this?Short descriptionWith Client VPN, there are several options for configuring client authentication. One of these options is mutual authentication, which is a type of certificate-based authentication. These certificates can be self-signed or generated using ACM. To create private digital certificates using ACM and AWS Certificate Manager Private Certificate Authority, complete the following steps.Resolution1.    Using ACM, create a private CA. If needed, you can also create a subordinate CA (optional).2.    Using the private CA that you created in the previous step, generate private certificates for your server and client.3.    Using the certificates that created in the previous step, create an AWS Client VPN endpoint.4.    Export the client certificate that you created in step 2. After you are prompted for a passphrase, you receive a client certificate body, certificate chain, and certificate private key.5.    Decrypt the private key with the passphrase that you specified in step 4. You can decrypt the private key by running the following command in OpenSSL libraries:[ec2-user@ip-172-20-20-14 ~]$ openssl rsa -in private_key.txt -out decrypted_private_key.txtEnter pass phrase for private_key.txt: YOUR_PASSPHRASEwriting RSA keyNote: Be sure to replace YOUR_PASSPHRASE with your custom passphrase.6.    Download and prepare the Client VPN endpoint configuration file. The client certificate and key values required to prepare the configuration file are provided in the client certificate that you exported in the previous step.7.    Find the decrypted_private_key.txt file from your decrypted private key in step 5. Add the contents of this file along with the contents of the client certificate body to the Client VPN configuration file.8.    Export and configure the client configuration file.9.    Connect to the Client VPN endpoint using any OpenVPN-based or the AWS Client VPN desktop application.
Question: How do I configure a load balancer in an AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment to use an SSL certificate?

How do I configure a load balancer in an AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment to use HTTPS so that I can use an SSL certificate?ResolutionDo one of the following:If you don't already have a certificate, follow the instructions for Requesting a public certificate.-or-If you already have a certificate, follow the instructions for Importing certificates into AWS Certificate Manager.Then, attach the certificate to the load balancer used by your Elastic Beanstalk environment by Configuring your Elastic Beanstalk environment's load balancer to terminate HTTPS.For more information about the types of load balancers used in Elastic Beanstalk environments, see Load Balancer for your AWS Elastic Beanstalk environment.

Related informationConfiguring HTTPS for your Elastic Beanstalk environmentWhat Is AWS Certificate Manager?