Вопрос: Как происходит деплой небольших веб-сервисов на ASP.NET Core на Linux VPS?

Лучший ответ:
Да, вы всё правильно описали. Вручную, либо велосипедным скриптом, либо централизованно с помощью CI/CD.

Худший ответ:
Разбирайтесь
тут net6 + vue

pipeline {
	agent any
	environment {
		projectKeyFront = 'kvn-yanotes-front'
		projectKeyBack = 'kvn-yanotes-back'
		VUE_APP_STS_SERVER= 'https://auth.yanotes-dev.loc'
		VUE_APP_REDIRECT_BASE = 'https://yanotes-dev.loc'
		VUE_APP_CLIENT_NAME = 'yanotes_dev'
	}

    stages {

		stage('build client app') {
			agent { 
				dockerfile { 
					filename 'Dockerfile-node'
					
				}
			}
            steps {
                sh 'cd ./YANotesServer/App/ && npm install --verbose'
				sh 'cd ./YANotesServer/App/ && npm run build'
				stash includes: 'YANotesServer/App/**/*', name: 'client-app'
				sh 'rm -rf ./YANotesServer/App'
            }
			
        }
		
		stage('build server app') {
			agent { 
				dockerfile { 
					filename 'Dockerfile-dotnet-microsoft6'
				}
			}
            steps {
				unstash 'client-app'
				
				
					sh '''
						
						dotnet publish --framework net6.0 --configuration Release --runtime centos-x64 ./YANotes.sln
						
					'''
				
				
				stash includes: 'StsServer/bin/Release/net6.0/centos-x64/publish/**/*', name: 'auth'
				stash includes: 'YANotesServer/bin/Release/net6.0/centos-x64/publish/**/*', name: 'app'
            }
        }

		stage('install systemd unit file') {
			agent any
			steps {
				sshagent(['jenkins-ci-yanotes-dev']) {
				
					sh 'scp SystemdUnitFiles/yanotes.service-Dev root@yanotes-dev.loc:/etc/systemd/system/yanotes.dev.service'
					sh 'scp SystemdUnitFiles/yanotes.auth.service-Dev root@yanotes-dev.loc:/etc/systemd/system/yanotes.auth.dev.service'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc systemctl daemon-reload'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc systemctl enable yanotes.dev'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc systemctl enable yanotes.auth.dev'
					
				}
			}
		}

		stage('deployment web application') {
			agent any
			steps {
				sshagent(['jenkins-ci-yanotes-dev']) {
					unstash 'app'
					
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc systemctl stop yanotes.dev'
					// sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc rm -rf /var/yanotes'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc  mkdir -p /var/yanotes'
					
					sh 'scp -r ./YANotesServer/bin/Release/net6.0/centos-x64/publish/* root@yanotes-dev.loc:/var/yanotes'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc systemctl start yanotes.dev'
				}
			}
		}

		stage('deployment auth application') {
			agent any
			steps {
				sshagent(['jenkins-ci-yanotes-dev']) {
					unstash 'auth'

					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc  systemctl stop yanotes.auth.dev'
					// sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc  rm -rf /var/yanotesauth'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc mkdir -p /var/yanotesauth'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc mkdir -p /var/yanotesauth/logs'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc chmod 777 /var/yanotesauth/logs'
					
					sh 'scp -r ./StsServer/bin/Release/net6.0/centos-x64/publish/* root@yanotes-dev.loc:/var/yanotesauth'
					sh 'ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@yanotes-dev.loc  systemctl start yanotes.auth.dev'
									
				}
			}
		}

    }
}