VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
A study of crustal uplift along the Kapuskasing Zone using 2.45 Ga Matachewan dykes

The Kapuskasing Zone (KZ) diagonally cuts across the regional structural trend of the Archean Superior Province on the Canadian Shield and disrupts the 2.45 Ga Matachewan dyke swarm. Studies using different approaches revealed that the KZ is a huge SE-verging thrust with vertical uplift of 20-30 km at about 1.9 Ga. Regional variations in paleomagnetic polarity and feldspar clouding intensity are two physical properties of the Matachewan dykes related to their intrusion depth. This thesis aims to explore these two important features of the dykes and to use them as tools to reveal the structural framework of the KZ extension in the WGD. Feldspar clouding in Matachewan dykes is caused by a distribution of pseudo-single domain stoichiometric magnetite grains. The magnetite was formed by exsolution of iron from the feldspar structure. The exsolution occurred in the deeper section of the dykes during slow cooling with the crust. The change of paleomagnetic polarity of the Matachewan dykes is shown to be an effective method for mapping major faults. Five major faults in the study area were revealed or confirmed, defining two new uplifted blocks (Gould Lake Block, GB, and Pineal Lake Block, PB) of the Kapuskasing Zone in its extension. GB is a second order uplift thrusted along the Budd Lake fault (BLF). The reversely magnetized (R) and normally magnetized (N) dykes outside the KZ are virtually the same age and both of them have primary magnetizations. N dykes within the KZ are probably formed at the same time as those outside the KZ since they have a similar paleomagnetic direction. However, a negative baked contact test from N dykes in the KZ suggests that the N remanence in the lower sections of the dykes is not primary, unlike the N remanence outside the KZ. A plausible explanation is that the acquisition of the N remanence in lower sections of the dykes was delayed because of high ambient temperature. A series of ARM experiments demonstrates that the cloudy feldspars are capable of carrying a high coercivity magnetization and in the NRM spectrum of N polarity dykes, the cloudy feldspars are the carriers of up to 70% of the total high-coercivity remanence. Analysis of small-scale brittle structures in dyke outcrops revealed a local paleostress field characterized by horizontal E-W compression and N-S extension. This is consistent with the regional stress field at about 1.9 Ga when the KZ was formed. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Particulate formation during black liquor char bed burning

Fly-ash particles formed during black liquor combustion deposit on recovery boiler tube surfaces, reduce the thermal efficiency of the boiler, restrict the flue gas flow, and may lead to unscheduled boiler shutdowns due to plugging of the flue gas passages. Previous studies suggest that a major portion of these particulates form during the char burning stage of black liquor combustion. This work is the first to study the formation, characteristics, quantity, and composition of particulates generated during black liquor char bed burning. Particulates collected had two distinct size ranges: submicron and 1-to-100 micron. The submicron particles are consistent with fume, which is known to form by the condensation of volatised sodium and potassium compounds. Fume quantity and carbonate content increased with increasing bed temperature, while the sulphate, chloride, and potassium contents decreased. The 1-to-100 <math> <f> <g>m</g></f> </math>m sized particles, called ejecta*, are suggested to form by a "mechanical" process, through which pieces of the molten material are ejected from the char bed surface. Ejecta formed in significant quantities: about 40 to 85% of total particulates collected was ejecta (the remainder was fume). The quantity of ejecta increased markedly with bed temperature up to 1000°C, but reached an almost constant value at higher temperatures. Consistent with the "mechanical" formation mechanism, the composition of ejecta was similar to that of an oxidised smelt. The rate of char bed burning increased with an increase in both the inlet gas O2 concentration and the char sulphate content. Data are found to be consistent with two paths for char burning. The major path is the combustion of carbon by reaction with oxygen containing compounds in the gas stream. The rate of this path is determined by the rate of O2 mass transfer to the bed surface. The minor path is the consumption of carbon mainly by reaction with the sulphate content of char. The finding of large quantities of 1-100 <math> <f> <g>m</g></f> </math>m ejecta particles formed during char bed burning experiments introduces a new category of fly-ash particles which may form in kraft recovery boilers and contribute to the boiler fouling and plugging. *Following the terminology used by Verrill et al [11] for similar particles formed during liquor pyrolysis.
School councils and classroom change

Advisory school councils were mandated in the province of Ontario through ' Policy and Procedures Memorandum 122'. Effective June 1996, all school boards were to have councils in place in each of their schools. The establishment of these schools councils, with professional, parent, community, and for secondary schools, student representation, implied some shift in responsibility to the school for decisions which affect the school. School councils, as one model of site based management reform, have been viewed as a central tenet in school improvement. PPM 122 provided a vehicle whereby the various stakeholders in education could participate in decisions which affect education. This study, which took place at the end of the first year of councils' implementation, provides a snapshot of what was happening with respect to school councils in five schools in one Ontario board. A two phase, mixed-methods approach was used to inquire about council's influence school-wide and on teacher's classroom practices and curriculum in all board schools followed by case analyses of the five school sites. Research questions addressed to what extent teacher classroom practices had been influenced by their council and the nature of the influence, what external and school conditions and teacher professional behaviour mediates the influence, and what is it that councils do to influence change in curricula and teacher classroom practice. Data indicated that, overall councils did not have a large positive or negative influence on the classroom, however there were differences noted on the extent of influence of some councils on classrooms and school-wide. Influential councils, those which had a positive influence, were characterized by their collaborative team approach with the school staff, their involvement in initiatives related to school improvement objectives, and a school history of diverse levels of parental involvement. The study acknowledged the preeminent influence of principal practices on variations in council influence. Influential councils had a facilitative principal who supported and endorsed the council, provided information, knowledge and skills to council members, worked closely with the council chair, and worked through their councils to build connections which created conditions for teachers and council members to work together.
Growth responses in individual eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) trees following partial cutting treatments

White pine ('Pinus strobus' L.) growth following a partial cutting treatment was analyzed to assess the growth response of individual trees from three different crown classes to varying levels of local neighbourhood competitive interference. Trees from all crown classes, with an average age of 69 years, showed increased rates of diameter, basal area and volume growth following release. Only intermediate trees responded with increased height growth. Specific volume increment (SVI) proved superior to relative growth rate for assessing competition effects on size-dependent volume growth by virtue of its greater sensitivity to and better correlation with indices of competition. Significant differences in SVI among crown classes in both released and control treatments 23 years after release were observed. Released trees had increased levels of SVI for the first 15 years following treatment. The hypothesis of size symmetry in resource competition was rejected by virtue of the stronger relationship between SVI and competition indices that weighted competitors by relative size. However, two-sided competition could not be rejected in view of the significant influence of smaller trees on SVI of larger trees. No difference between intra- and inter-specific competition on white pine growth was detected. Plasticity in growth form was evident. Intermediate trees exhibited significantly different crown and stem form among crown classes in the control treatment, and different crown form relative to the release treatment. Crown size, which was positively correlated with volume increment, improved as a result of competition release and was inversely correlated with levels of local neighbourhood competition. Vertical distribution of bole area increment in all crown classes was altered in the release treatment. Bole area increment in released trees increased progressively from tree apex to base of the stem for the first 15 years after partial cutting, eventually resulting in significant changes in stem form. Control trees showed relatively constant area increment below the crown with no significant change in stem form. A cumulative volume growth model based on initial tree size, age, and local neighbourhood competition was developed for use in white pine stands managed under a partial cutting regime, such as the uniform shelterwood system.
Changing biodiversity and the theory of resistance to invasion, the fishes of the Laurentian Great Lakes as a case study

Many systems are experiencing changes in their biodiversity due, in large part, to the influence of humans. This change in global biodiversity is homogenizing the world's biota. Changes in diversity comprise both the loss or decline of species and the introduction of non-native species. Many theories have been developed to provide evidence for the need to preserve biodiversity. One of these theories suggests that changes in a community's resistance to invasion is related to its changing diversity. The Laurentian Great Lakes have a history of loss. decline in numbers of individuals, and introduction, of species. Analyzing the pattern of changes in diversity using the historical data set for the Great Lakes, provides evidence for testing the Resistance to Invasion Theory. In general, successful invasions into the lakes follow a change in diversity. This evidence provides insight into the invasibility of communities in general and the vulnerability of the Great Lakes to invasion by non-native species.
Broken covenant, Punjabi Sikh narratives

This study reflects the metaphorical journey of the kara (a steel bracelet, one of the five baptised-Sikh symbols) expressed in the sense of "self" as it defines the Sikh cultural boundary, shaped, preserved and extended through traditions which have been transplanted from the homeland, Punjab, India to the host country, Canada. The vehicle of this traditional boundary construction, transmission and consequent reconstruction is the six primary data sources: three Punjabi females and three Punjabi males, 19-29 years of age, who, through anecdotal narratives, poignantly voice their individual and collective intercultural angst which becomes the broken covenant. The participants include both the Canadian-born, Punjabi Jat Sikh researcher and the Punjabi Sikhs, who are either Canadian-born or recent immigrants. Their lived reality, profiled through a narrative inquiry study, exposes their visible minority "self" and their intercultural accommodation "self". The human rewards and punishment inherent in the metaphorical kara, defined by the traditional rites, beliefs and worldview, are revealed in the subsequent repercussions of acts of betrayal and waywardness against the Sikh traditions. This activity is reflected by the mainstream dominant culture's assimilationist forces which impinge upon the Sikh karals cultural boundaries. These forces include the schooling of Sikh children who represent the next generation and the mainstream social services which constitute the epitome of western culture intrusion. The question, "Where then, is the Sikh 'self' within the boundary of the kara?" demands an answer. Prophetically, there is none, for that is how cultural adaptation is effected by immigrants, caught in the web of powerful transplantation forces. Ironically, their homeland cohorts simultaneously experience cultural change, albeit in a different context and within varying degrees, while the migrated mindset appears stymied in frozen traditions. The sociological dilemma of whether to adapt or not, underpins the rationale of the broken covenant. Are boundaries meant to be reconstituted and realigned as cultural adaptation occurs, or, are boundaries the sacred relics of traditions no longer viable within a foreign context? Hence, is there a safe zone within which one can exist inside the boundary of the kara, yet still retain a Canadian-Sikh identity? Does this constitute cultural betrayal? This study is framed by the Canadian-Sikh researcher's sense of "self" as defined by her grandfather, Sardar Harnam Singh Hari, a Sikh pioneer who deserted the British East-Indian Infantry in Punjab India, in 1903, in exchange for immigrant roots in southern Alberta, Canada. The bond existing between grandfather and granddaughter, as witnessed by the researcher's responses to the graduate student letters, reveals a rare glimpse of the theoretical underpinning of a Sikh mindset and worldview, a fact which highlights the need for scholarship in the universal immigrant experience of clan, caste and kinship-based cultural boundaries.
Mechanisms of phagosome formation, maturation and acidification, implications for intracellular infection

Tuberculosis is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, and is characterized by the intracellular survival 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis ' (MTB) within host phagocytes. Internalized pathogens become sequestered into vacuoles called phagosomes, which normally mature rapidly to become acidic, microbicidal organelles. MTB thwarts phagosomal maturation and therefore survives within the phagosome. To understand and treat infection with MTB, it is essential to understand the mechanisms governing phagocytosis, phagosomal acidification, and phagosomal maturation. Two mechanisms essential for the process of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis are described. In the first, it was determined that the cytoskeletal rearrangements and intracellular signalling cascade that occur in response to Fc<math> <f> <g>g</g></f> </math>-receptor ligation require the small GTPase Rho. Inhibition of Rho by microinjection of macrophages with C3 exotoxin altered cell morphology, and impaired the ability of Fc<math> <f> <g>g</g></f> </math> receptors to cluster within the membrane, thereby inhibiting the signalling in response to particle adherence. Secondly, we determined that contrary to current dogma, phagocytosis was accompanied by an increase in cell surface area, suggesting the concomitant occurrence of exocytosis. Selective cleavage of components of the secretory machinery profoundly inhibited phagocytosis, indicating that exocytosis of endomembranes is essential for particle internalization. To determine the mechanisms governing phagosomal acidification, we investigated whether proton transporters active at the cell surface were present and functional in phagosomal membranes. We found that both the sodium-proton exchanger and the vacuolar type H+-ATPase were expressed and functional on phagosomes, although the V-ATPase predominated in acidifying phagosomes containing inert and mycobacterial particles. Finally, two protein family members with potential roles in phagosomal maturation were studied. First, we identified that three isoforms of syntaxins, which are general regulators of vesicular transport, were expressed in macrophages and recruited to the phagosome. Second, we examined the effects of the Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein (Nramp), which confers resistance to murine mycobacterial infection. We found that expression of Nramp in phagosomes containing live mycobacteria resulted in increased phagosomal acidification compared to Nramp-deficient macrophages. This effect was associated with increased phagosome-lysosome fusion and increased delivery of V-ATPases to the mycobacterial phagosome, demonstrating that Nramp plays a central role in phagosomal maturation.
The growth and feeding patterns of 9 to 12 month old Chinese Canadian infants

This study, utilizing a cross sectional design, examined the growth and feeding patterns of a sample of Chinese Canadian infants at 9 (n = 28), 10 (n = 33), 11 (n = 35) and 12 (n = 34) months of age. These infants achieved heights as described by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standard. However, they were lower than the NCHS weight and weight for height medians (p < 0.05). A longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with lighter infants (p < 0.05). Conversely, longer duration of feeding of formula, other liquids, solid foods in general and specific solid foods (home-prepared carbohydrates, vegetables and fruits) was associated with higher weight and weight for height scores (p < 0.05). It was concluded that length growth of 9 to 12 month old Chinese Canadian infants achieve NCHS standards and although no explanation for the overall lower body weights of this sample was found, feeding practices contributed to, weight variance.
Le descriptif dans l'oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy

Nous étudions le descriptif royen selon une perspective narratologique. Nos trois premiers chapitres s'inspirent des théories de Philippe Hamon, Jean-Michel Adam et André Petitjean, et s'interrogent respectivement sur l'implantation, les contours et la morphologie de la séquence descriptive royenne, dont nous suivons ensuite, dans le chapitre quatrième, le cheminement diachronique et générique. Nous proposons en annexe, à titre purement informatif, un relevé du métalangage royen du descriptif, tant intratextuel qu'extratextuel. Le chapitre premier recense les lieux textuels favorables au descriptif (son implantation) et s'attarde sur les frontières externes du texte, l'incipit et la clausule. Dans celui-là, nous prêtons trois fonctions au descriptif. mimésique, mathésique et indicielle. Dans celle-ci, nous relevons les procédés de clôture (répétition, "tag line") et de valorisation. Notre analyse des 'contours' du descriptif (chapitre deuxième) distingue trois catégories de signes annonciateurs de début (signes démarcatifs internes/externes, signes présomptifs) et de fin (signes démarcatifs internes) de description chez Roy. Nous observons au passage deux tics signalétiques: "c'était" et le deux-points. L'examen des signes présomptifs donne l'occasion d'une étude des lieux privilégiés du descriptif dans ' Bonheur d'occasion' (frontières des chapitres et dialogues). Dans le chapitre troisième, qui détaille la 'morphologie ' du descriptif royen, nous évaluons la séquence descriptive comme système à trois composantes facultatives (pantonyme, nomenclature, prédicat). Quatre grands systèmes descriptifs sont explorés à partir du critère de lisibilité/illisibilité. Trois modes d'organisation interne du descriptif sont ensuite abordés: la schématisation (ancrage, affectation, reformulation), les macro-opérations (aspectualisation, assimilation, thématisation) et les grilles. Notre étude du 'parcours' diachronique et générique du descriptif (chapitre quatrième), axée sur les descriptions de village et de chambre, nous conduit à analyser l'implantation, la schématisation, l'aspectualisation et la mise en situation spatiale de l'objet décrit (nous ajoutons l'assimilation pour les descriptions de chambre). Elle révèle un système descriptif à fonction signalétique, qui permet de poser le principe d'une quête, factuelle ou allégorique, du village et de la chambre idéals, à la fois 'nids' et 'belvédères '. Enfin, en perspective générique, lexamen de l'implantation, de la schématisation et de l'aspectualisation fait apparaître un brouillage des genres, qu'on pourra mettre au compte d'une volonté unigénérique.
Developmental changes in central effects of PGE¦2 and the central expression of PGE¦2 receptor subtypes in sheep

PGE2 is an arachidonic acid metabolite that has diverse centrally-mediated physiological effects that are distinctly different in the fetus (inhibits breathing activity) and adult (increases breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature). In this thesis, the centrally-mediated effects of PGE 2 were examined in newborn lambs in the first two weeks of post-natal life to determine if the early neonatal period serves as a transition period from fetal to adult responses. Results show that at 5 days after birth, PGE 2 caused hypoventilation, decreased CO2 sensitivity, and transiently increased body temperature. However, by 15 days, PGE2 had little effect on ventilation, but caused pronounced febrile response similar to those of the adult. Cardiovascular responses were not observed during the first two weeks after birth. Thus, these results show that some changes in central responses to PGE2 occurred with normal development during the neonatal period. It was further hypothesized that these changes were due to changes in the expression of PGE2 receptor subtypes during development. Transcripts for all four major subtypes of the PGE2 receptor were expressed in the same anatomical brain regions of the fetal, newborn and adult sheep brain. Within the brainstem, all four EP subtypes showed transient post-natal increases in transcript levels, albeit at different ages in the medulla (5 days) and pons (15 days). Protein levels for EP1, EP3Ã and EP4 receptors did not parallel the changes in their transcript levels. In the medulla, EP4 protein levels decreased (~25%) post-natally (p < 0.05); whereas in the pons, EP3Ã protein levels were unchanged during the perinatal period, then decreased (~50%) in adulthood (p < 0.05). These changes in developmental profiles of EP receptor transcripts and protein levels suggested that there may be developmental changes in the translation and/or stability of the protein. EP1, EP3 and EP4 receptor proteins were expressed in similar regions within the fetal, newborn and adult sheep brainstem, and were co-localized in the same neurons. Thus, the central responses to PGE2 may involve a complex interplay of these EP receptors. Nevertheless, the differential expression of specific EP receptor proteins with development in the brainstem may account for the age-dependent changes in central responses to PGE2.
Quality monitoring of recycled plastic waste during extrusion, in-line particle detection

An In-Line Particulate Vision Monitor was developed to optically detect and quantify particulate contaminants present in recycled plastic waste during extrusion. The monitor, equipped with fibre optic probes, is capable of detecting particles in the range of 10 to 1000 [mu]m. Four batches of recycled polyethylene were evaluated at 200°C and 30 rpm. All batches possessed bimodal particle area distributions with projected particle areas ranging from 30 to 25 000 [mu]m 2. The performance of the monitor was further assessed by studying melt filtration in-line, through both transient and pulse response testing techniques. An increase in the extrusion temperature resulted in an increase of the number of fine particles passing through the Dutch weave filter. The present quality monitor could be integrated into a process control scheme in order to manipulate the concentration and distribution of particulate contaminants in recycled plastic waste.