VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Water entry and related problems

In this thesis we formalize, reconcile and generalize some existing mathematical models for deep- and shallow-water entry at small and zero deadrise angles for normal and oblique impact velocities. Our method throughout is to exploit the existence of one or more small parameters via the method of matched asymptotic expansions. In the first chapter we describe some motivating solid-fluid impact events, summarize the literature on which this thesis builds and discuss our main modelling assumptions. In Chapter 2, the small-deadrise-angle deep-water entry model is systematically derived, a new expression for the first-order force on the body is found and the slender body limit of an exact three-dimensional solution is used to discuss the validity of strip theory. In Chapter 3, the small-deadrise-angle shallow-water entry model is systematically derived. The deep water Wagner and shallow water Korobkin theories are reconciled. New models and analytic results for the three-dimensional case are presented. In Chapter 4, models for the impact of a flat-bottomed body on deep- and shallow-water are reviewed and conjectures are made concerning their reconciliation. In Chapter 5, the theories of Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are used as building blocks to formulate and analyse some conjectured models for oblique shallow water impacts at small and zero deadrise angles. In the final chapter the main results are summarized and directions for further work indicated.
Metamorphic evolution of the crust of south-western Norway

Part of the Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of Norway has been mapped in western Sognefjord. Five major tectonostratigraphic units underlying low-grade Devonian metasediments have been recognized: the Basement Gneisses (BG), Lower, Middle, and Upper Mafic Units (LMU, MMU, UMU), and Hyllestad Schists (HS). All the units have been affected by polyphase deformation. Five different styles of deformation have been recognized across the field area, representing up to five discrete tectonic episodes.
Eclogite facies mineral assemblages have been found in the BG, either forming mafic pods or as relicts in garnet amphibolites. Temperature and pressure conditions of metamorphism in all units have been estimated using various calibrated reactions. Temperatures range from about 400°C to 700°C and pressures from about 4 kbar in post-D2 assemblages to 15 kbar in eclogites. Estimated conditions of eclogite formation are consistent with regional studies.
High-pressure (eclogitic) conditions have also been inferred from mineral textures in the highest unit (Hyllestad Schists). Mineral assemblages in parts of this unit may represent pressures as high as 14 kbar at temperatures of 600°C.
It is suggested that the Mafic Units and HS are allochthonous and were emplaced onto the WGR during an early stage of the Caledonian Orogeny. All units, including the Basement Gneisses, have suffered retrogression during a late extensional phase which continued into at least the Middle Devonian.

Advisor: Harley, S
Cameron's conservatisms and the problem of ideology

The central aim of the thesis is to investigate the myriad ideological 'thought-practices' of Cameronism by placing the composition and content of Cameronism in the context of the problem of Thatcherism's legacy. This problem is namely a problem of the gap between intentions and outcomes. The thesis identifies three discreet, but also overlapping, ideological developments that take root in the late 1980s/early 1990s: (1) the steadfast commitment to reducing the size and scope of the central state; (2) the recognition that neo-liberal economics is a necessary but insufficient precondition for the delivery of wider Conservative outcomes; and (3) the rediscovery and commitment to the renewal of civil society as an alternative to state intervention in response to the perceived failures of neo-liberalism. The thesis examines the application of these ideological developments in Cameronism, both in theory and practice. Furthermore, it examines the political-thought practices of Cameronism in the context of the Coalition Government. Finally, the thesis analyses a serious Conservative ideological threat to Cameronite Conservatism, concluding that Cameronism is a distinct, decodable and distinctive Conservatism, which has been quickly eclipsed by other Conservatisms, namely the Conservatism of the New New Right, which is much closer to the Thatcherism that Cameronism was resolutely trying to adjust. British Conservatism has thus come full circle: the market society vision of Thatcherism, which Cameronism was trying to ideologically supplement, has been restored as the best and surest way to achieve the Conservative aim of a limited conception of politics.

Keywords: Conservatism
limited politics
neo-liberalism
British politics
Cameronism
big society
Thatcherism
Conservative Party
austerity
Advisor: Freeden, M
The costs of integration - an attitudinal study of ethnic Danes, non-western immigrants and policymakers

This comparative study attempts to explain the perceived unsatisfactory level of integration of non-Western immigrants in Denmark by examining a possible schism between attitudes towards integration of elite policymakers and ethnic Danes and non-Western immigrants. So far no in-depth studies of attitudes towards immigrant related issues have investigated the attitudes of policymakers. This thesis addresses this gap with a study of attitudes, which applies a theoretical framework combining rational choice theory with dimensions of social capital.
The study focuses on the non-economic costs, especially social transaction costs that immigrants and Danes encounter in the process of integrating immigrants. An on-line questionnaire was distributed to Danes and non-Western immigrants collecting attitudinal quantitative data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with policymakers: politicians and bureaucrats at local and national level and representatives of ethnic councils.
The study suggests that ethnic Danes and non-Western immigrants have rather similar attitudes towards structural integration, but they differ significantly in their attitudes towards cultural integration. While education, trust and having an out-group friend are significant determinants of the attitudes of Danes and their acceptance of social transaction costs, education and trust in out-group have limited impact on attitudes of non-Western immigrants. It is suggested that ethnic and religious factors are important predictors of attitudes of non-Western immigrants.
Policymakers and ethnic Danes seem to have a similar pattern of social contact with immigrants. There are, however, indications that differences of attitudes between Danes and immigrants may be provoked by policymakers’ way of discussing integration. This is more salient among Parliamentarians and bureaucrats. This study shows that social interaction between immigrants and ethnic Danes is important in order to incorporate immigrants on equal terms with Danes, but the policymakers’ discussion of integration may alienate Danes and immigrants and influence negatively their readiness to integrate.

Keywords: Muslims
non-Western immigrants
policymakers
integration
Advisor: Coleman, D
Bukodi, E
ANSA bridged metallocene chemistry of niobium

This thesis is concerned with the synthesis and characterisation of new ansa bridged bis-η-cyclopentadienyl derivatives of niobium.
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the area of early transition metal bent metallocene derivatives and charts the development of ansa bridged metallocenes.
Chapter 2 presents the synthesis and characterisation of some new ansa niobocene derivatives prepared from niobium(IV) chloride. The compounds [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2- η-C5H4)(η2-BH4)],* [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η-C5H4)(PMe3)H],* [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η- C5H4)(PPh3)H], [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η-C5H4)(SPh)2] and [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η- C5H4)(CH2Ph)2]* are described. An asterisk indicates that the X-ray crystal structure was determined.
Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterisation of some ansa niobocene derivatives containing ancillary imido ligands. The compounds [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η- C5H4)(NSiMe3)Cl],* [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η-C5H4)(NBu')X] (X = Cl,* Br,* I,* Me), [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η-C5H4)(NHBu')Cl][BF4)]and[Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η-C5H4)(O)Cl]* are described. An asterisk indicates that the X-ray crystal structure was determined. Photoelectron spectra were recorded for [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η-C5H4)(NBu')X] (X = Cl, Me) and compared to a geometry optimisation calculation obtained using density functional theory. In these formally twenty electron compounds the HOMO has negligible metal contribution and the eighteen electron rule is not violated.
Chapter 4 describes the results of a preliminary investigation into ansa niobium(III) bis-η-cyclopentadienyl derivatives containing phosphorus donor ligands. The compound [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η-C5H4)(PMe3)Cl] is characterised spectroscopically. The synthesis and full characterisation details of the compound [Nb(η-C5H4-CMe2-η- C5H4){P(OMe)3}Cl] are given, including the X-ray crystal structure.
Chapter 5 provides the experimental details for the preceding Chapters and Chapter 6 contains the characterising data for the new compounds described in this thesis.
Full details of the X-ray crystallographic structure determinations are given in Appendices A -1.
A bioanthropological perspective on the Punic period in Ibiza (Spain) as evidenced by human skeletal remains

The Punic period (6th - 2nd century BC) in the island of Ibiza (Spain) has been regarded by historians and archaeologists as a time of flourishing economic wealth and prosperity, as evidenced by its coin production, demographic growth, agricultural exploitation, intensive product manufacturing and its overall importance to Punic trading routes.
From a bioanthropological perspective, this apparent prosperity raises a number of interesting questions. Did such prosperity manifest itself in the biological well-being of the population? What were the morbidity rates like for the inhabitants of Ibiza? Were there differences between urban and rural populations? How might this period compare with a less prosperous era?
These questions led to the following hypothesis being established -
General prosperity in the Punic period in Ibiza should be reflected in the general wellbeing of the population, as evidenced by human skeletal remains.
To test this hypothesis, morbidity rates in the general population in the Punic period were assessed including an analysis of rural and urban populations. In addition the Punic period was compared to the Late Antiquity - Early Byzantine (4th - 7th century AD) period.
To assess these issues, anthropological data on stature, oral health, infections, trauma, mortality, osteoarthritis and diet was analysed, amongst other indicators. Allied to this, the research attempted to place the analysis in a broader biocultural context.
Whether the above questions could be definitively answered depended on the sample size of material available. A larger sample would certainly have allowed these issues to be explored in even more depth than was possible in this study. Nevertheless, the samples studied have produced a range of interesting results that will aid future research.
This research provides a wider understanding of the Punic period in Ibiza and of the Punic world in the Western Mediterranean; highlights the importance of combining anthropological work with other archaeological data; contributes to the osteological and palaeopathological record for Ibiza; and finally, provides a framework for further research.

Advisor: Sherratt, A
Genome annotation and selectional analysis of viral evolution

In the past few years we have witnessed an explosion in the viral genomic data available. GenBank alone holds over 80,000 close to complete viral genomes, and numbers are rising fast. For example, since the submission of the first SARS genome in May 2003, over 140 more have been published. With this genomic data at hand we hope to finally be able to improve our understanding of viruses. Several papers have been dedicated to the study of genome annotation and selection on viral genomes, in particular focusing attention on the evolutionary behaviour of overlapping reading frames. This is a feature common to viruses, where due to the three periodicity of the genetic code, up to three genes may be encoded simultaneously in one direction. The constraints placed on a nucleotide involved in such a multiple coding region will naturally have an effect on its mutational behaviour, and as a result the pattern of evolution will be more complex. Additionally, due to their fast evolution time, we observe changes in gene structure between viruses of the same family. Finally, as a result of this high divergence, alignments between two genomes will tend to be unreliable, thus complicating the issue of comparative analysis further. Our goal is to present methods which may deal with the above mentioned complications. We first introduce an ab initio pairwise comparative annotation method, which not only accounts for the presence of overlapping reading frames in genomes, but also for differences in gene structure between the two compared sequences. Secondly, we develop a hidden Markov model for the annotation of selection strengths across a viral genome accommodating for inter- as well as intragenic differences in selection. Thirdly, we investigate the effect of using a fixed alignment on the inference of selection by incorporating statistical alignment into our selection analysis. All three methods presented here improve on their respective equivalents in the field. We investigate the nature of selection in overlapping regions in several studies, in particular on the genomes of Hepatitis B and HIV2. We provide a full annotation of selection strengths on a nucleotide level for both viral sequences, highlighting fast evolving regions such as the gp120 protein. We also analyse the mutational behaviour of overlapping regions in both genomes and find that in Hepatitis B selection seems to be of equal strength for single and double coding regions. In HIV2, however, single coding regions appear to be under twice as stringent selection as double coding regions, with a tendency for a fast evolving region to overlap a slow evolving one. Each chapter of our work relates to one of our publications. We introduce in turn each method, its academic context and its results. We subsequently in chapter 5 discuss for each method its achievements, its shortcomings and future possible extensions and improvements to it.

Keywords: selection
virus
HMM
overlapping reading frames
Advisor: Hein, J
The oxidation of olefins promoted by transition metal complexes

The oxidation of olefins by transition metal complexes leading to epoxide or ketonic products has been reviewed, with an emphasis on non-free radical processes.
The formation of cycloadducts by reaction of bis (triphenylphosphine )- platinum(O)dioxygen with the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds trans but-2-enal, propenal, cyclohex-2-en-1-one, exo 2-methvlenecyclohexan-1-one and 3-phenylprop- 2-enal was investigated by H- and 31P- nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.). The cycloadducts derived from trans but-2-enal and propenal were thermally unstable in solution and further reacted to form stable, isolable complexes. The mechanism by which the cycloadduct cis [4-trans(prop-2-enyl )-1,1-bis( triphenyl - phosphine)platina-2,3» 5-trioxacyclopentane] , I , was transformed into cis [trans- (5-formyl-4-methyl)-1,1-bis(triphenylphosphine )platina-2 t 3-dioxacyclopentane] , II , was investigated by H- and H-n.m.r. utilising trans 4-[2H3]but-2-enal. A mechanism which involved both exchange of free trans but-2-enal with I and reaction to give II was proposed; a computer model, based upon numerical integration of the alternative rate equations was in good agreement with this proposition.
The chemical reactivity of II with a variety of reagents was explored. In particular, the reaction of II with trifluoroacetic acid gave trans 2-formyl- 3-methyloxirane in high yield and stereoselectivity.
The dynamic behaviour of cis[bis
(triphenylphosphine)(23,3'-m)(trans - but-2-enal )platinum(0)] was observed by variable temperature P-n.m.r. and explained by the interconversion of carbonyl rotamers.
The preparation of iridium(I) olefin and peroxo complexes has been described Chlorobis triphenylphosphine) (1,2-m) (ethene )dioxygen iridium( I) , III , and related complexes were found to oxidise terminal olefins to their methyl ketones stoichiometrically, by a non-free radical process. The mechanism has been discussed.

Advisor: Brown, J
The socio-spatial boundaries of an ‘invisible’ minority: a quantitative (re)appraisal of Britain’s Jewish population

This study, located in the disciplines of human geography and demography, explores the socio-spatial boundaries encapsulating Britain’s Jewish population, particularly at micro-scales. It highlights and challenges key narratives of both Jewish and general interest relating to residential segregation, assimilation, partnership formation, exogamy and household living arrangements. It presents a critical exploration of the dual ethnic and religious components of Jewish identity, arguing that this ‘White’ group has become ethnically ‘invisible’ in British identity politics and, as a consequence, is largely overlooked. In addition, the key socio-demographic processes relating to Jewish partnership formation are addressed and a critical assessment of data pertaining to the decline of marriage, the rise of cohabitation and the vexed topic of Jewish exogamy, is presented. The analysis culminates by linking each of these issues to the micro-geographical scale of the household and develops a critical assessment of this key unit of Jewish (re)production. Jewish population change is contextualised within the framework of the second demographic transition. This deliberately quantitative study is designed to exploit a recent glut of data relating to Jews in Britain. It interrogates specially commissioned tables from Britain’s 2001 Census as well as four separate communal survey data sources. It highlights and challenges recent geographical critiques of quantitative methodologies by presenting a rigorous defence of quantification in post-‘cultural turn’ human geography. It emphasises the importance and relevance of this fruitful shift in geographical thought to quantitative methods and describes the role quantification can now play in the discipline. Above all, it synthesises two disparate sets of literature: one relating to geographical work on identity and segregation, and the other to work on the identity, demography and cultural practices of Jews. As a result, this thesis inserts the largely neglected ethno-religious Jewish case into the broader geographical literature whilst developing a critical quantitative spatial agenda for the study of Jews.

Keywords: quantitative methods
Britain
Jews
assimilation
partnership formation
ethnicity
boundaries
demography
religion
cohabitation
socio-spatial
exogamy
marriage
household living arrangements
census
concentration
scale
geographical
Jewish
residential segregation
geography
intermarriage
identity
second demographic transition
Advisor: Peach, C
Buzar, S
Rhetoric and argument in John Stuart Mill's The Subjection of Women

This thesis uses John Stuart Mill's 1869 work The Subjection of Women as the basis for what Bernard Williams has called 'a philosophical description of an historical reality'. The Introduction argues that the 'feminist' political advocacy of the Subjection is inseparable from its directly philosophical content. The second chapter describes how Mill's text is best understood in terms of its aims, its constituency of implied readers, and the forms of argument and rhetoric it employs. The third chapter describes how Mill appeals to his readers' desire for consistency as well as to their deepest values and self-image in the course of his arguments. This chapter also examines Mill's use of the rhetorical technique of 'paradiastole', his argument against methodological conservatism, and his skilful use of arguments from analogy. The fourth chapter considers the relevance of Mill's Subjection to debates in contemporary feminism. The Conclusion reconsiders the question of how the study of history is relevant to the political philosopher.

Keywords: rhetoric
feminism
john stuart mill
Advisor: Fabre, C
The role of the G-protein subunit, G-alpha-11, and the adaptor protein 2 sigma subunit, ap2-sigma-2, in the regulation of calcium homeostasis

The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a central role in calcium homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations of the CaSR cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia type 1 (FHH1), whilst gain-of-function mutations are associated with autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia (ADH). However, 35% of cases of FHH and 60% of cases of ADH are not due to CaSR mutations.
This thesis demonstrates that FHH type 2 (FHH2) and the new clinical disorder, ADH type 2 (ADH2), are due to loss- and gain-of-function mutations in the G-protein subunit, Gα11, respectively. The CaSR signals through Gα11 and FHH2-associated mutations are shown to exert their effects through haploinsufficiency. Three-dimensional modelling of ADH2-associated Gα11 mutations predicts impaired GTPase activity and increases in the rate of GDP/GTP exchange. Furthermore, mouse models of FHH2 and ADH2 have been identified and re-derived to enable in vivo studies of the role of Gα11 in calcium homeostasis.
I also demonstrate that FHH3 is due to loss-of-function mutations in the adaptor protein 2 sigma subunit, AP2σ2, which exert dominant-negative effects. AP2σ2 is a component of the adaptor protein 2 (AP2), which is a crucial component of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) and facilitates clathrin-mediated endocytosis of plasma membrane components such as GPCRs. All of the identified FHH3-associated mutations affect the Arg15 residue of AP2σ2, which forms key polar contacts with CCV cargo proteins. This thesis proposes that FHH3-associated AP2σ2 mutations impair CaSR internalisation and thus negatively impact on CaSR signalling. In addition, these studies show that these signalling defects can be rectified by the use of the CaSR allosteric modulator cinacalcet, which may represent a useful therapeutic modality for FHH3 patients.
In summary, FHH2 is due to loss-of-function mutations in Gα11 causing haploinsufficiency, whilst FHH3 is due to loss-of-function mutations in AP2σ2, which exert dominant-negative effects. In contrast, ADH2 is due to gain-of-function mutations in Gα11.

Keywords: Calcium sensing receptor
G protein coupled receptor
Advisor: Thakker, R
Hamdy, F
Galione, A
Piret, S