VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Recontextualising late Stravinsky

This thesis aims to investigate the conditions under which the trope of Webern’s influence on Igor Stravinsky’s late works and the row-focussed analytical tradition regarding them evolved, and offers a new analytical focus point to help broaden the study of Stravinsky’s late works. It examines the correspondence of Stravinsky associates such as Lawrence Morton and Claudio Spies to shed new light on the position of Stravinsky’s assistant Robert Craft, their relationship, and questions regarding the authorship of the published books of Stravinsky-Craft conversations and other printed utterances of Stravinsky’s. The conception and reception of the Stravinsky-Craft conversations is subsequently explored within the context of the contemporary expert music scene. A close inspection of published and unpublished research material of Stravinsky’s associates – Spies’ articles in Perspectives of New Music, Morton’s research notes and chapter drafts, and Ingolf Dahl’s lecture notes – reveals that many early remarks on the contrapuntal aspect of Stravinsky’s early row treatment receded with the analytical focus shifting to his row constructions and derivatives, especially the technique of hexachordal rotation-transposition. Though Ernst Krenek’s influence for the latter has been widely acknowledged, his twelve-tone manual Studies in Counterpoint has hardly been consulted in connection with Stravinsky’s late works, even though he allegedly studied serial methods through it. Neither have comments regarding the influence of Taneyev’s Convertible Counterpoint in the Strict Style been given much attention. Several examples from Stravinsky’s late works – and Stravinsky’s contrapuntal treatment of the serial technique more broadly – are henceforth examined under the auspices of both studies.

Keywords: contemporary music 1950s-1970s
The Owl and the Pussy-Cat
Igor
Elegy JFK
Stravinsky and craft: publications
Claudio Spies
Sergej Taneyev's 'Convertible Counterpoint' (moveable counterpoint): influence on Stravinsky's late works
Stravinsky's late works and serial music
Stravinsky's late works and counterpoint
Milton Babbitt
Ingolf Dahl
craft
(American) music theory and analysis 1950s-1970s
Fanfare for a New Theatre
epitaphium
Stravinsky's advocates: Lawrence Morton
analysis: Double Canon
Ernst Krenek's 'Studies in Counterpoint': influence on Stravinsky's late works
anthem
Stravinsky
Robert
Advisor: Cross, J
Modeling the Prussian blue analogs from first principles for battery applications

The Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are a family of electrochemically reactive compounds with great promise as electrode materials in next-generation sodium- and potassium-ion batteries. They are also an excellent platform for the computational study of interesting phenomena within electronic-structure theory, including mixed valency, redox activity, photo-induced spin transition, and charge disproportionation. However, modeling the PBAs with density-functional theory (DFT) is difficult because the electrons in these compounds are strongly correlated. In this work, I demonstrate how important electrochemical properties of the PBAs are calculable from first principles, but advanced, DFT-based methods like non-local, hybrid functionals or DFT+U must be used to overcome the self-interaction error in these strongly correlated systems.
With these advanced, DFT-based methods, I am able to show with a hybrid functional that three metal hexacyanoferrates (NaxM[Fe(CN)6]), which are important cathode candidates, have very heavy effective masses for charge-carrying electrons and holes, and, thus, small-polaron hopping is an important mechanism for PBA electronic conductivity. Also with the use of a hybrid functional, I provide strong theoretical support to the hypothesis that the high specific capacity of sodium manganese hexacyanomanganate arises from the insertion of a third sodium ion per formula unit to form Na_3Mn{II}[MnI(CN)6], answering a long-standing question from experiment. Finally, I use DFT+U to predict materials properties like reduction potential, ion-hopping activation energy, direct magnetic exchange-coupling coefficient, and infrared-spectroscopy absorption frequencies in four defect-free alkali-metal chromium hexacyanochromates, AxCr[Cr(CN)6].
This work provides critical, new insight into the electronic structure and electrochemical properties of the PBAs. Technically, it contributes another example system to the list of strongly correlated systems successfully simulated with hybrid functionals and DFT+U. And it is an important work in the ongoing, urgent, and global effort to make next-generation batteries better.

Keywords: batteries
Prussian blue analogs
computational materials
Advisor: Pasta, M
Giustino, F
"I could publish my own heart": the correspondence of Alexander Pope in manuscript and print

This thesis examines the editorial craft behind Alexander Pope’s self-published letters to reveal how these complex social and literary texts illuminate both the self-representative strategies of their author-editor and the ambiguous status of the letter within eighteenth-century culture. Through a series of chapter case studies, it examines manuscript letters alongside those published in Pope’s lifetime, including two editions published by Edmund Curll in 1726 and 1735, and the three editions which Pope released in both acknowledged and anonymous forms between 1737 and 1741. These publications contain varied selections and sequences of letters, and many textual alterations ranging from minute detail to entirely fabricated letters. The result is a proliferation of meticulously edited and curated correspondence, which together forms a shifting and complex textual corpus that has never been fully critically discussed as part of Pope’s oeuvre. This thesis seeks to explicate different aspects of Pope’s editorial practice to demonstrate the value of interrogating these reconstructed texts. It employs a combination of digital, critical, qualitative, and quantitative methods in order to analyse, in greater detail than has previously been attempted, the connections and disparities between formats, and to situate the remediated letters in their biographical and literary context. The range of correspondences covered by the thesis reveals that Pope adapted his approach to suit different manuscript addressees and print audiences, and to explore how the resonances of different relationships could complement and corroborate his poetic modes of self-representation.

Keywords: Eighteenth Century
Alexander Pope
letters
correspondence
British literature
authorship
Advisor: Williams, A
Eccles, K
Representation learning for continual task performance

Humans have the remarkable ability to learn continually without forgetting, and adapt their behaviour to changing situational demands. While previous work has focussed on elucidating the mechanisms that underlie flexible context-dependent processing of information, much less is known about the format in which information is represented in the human brain, and how this promotes continual task performance. The aim of this DPhil was to develop computationally informed theories of representation learning for context-dependent processing, and test these in behavioural and neuroimaging recordings from healthy human participants.
Across a series of neural network simulations, behavioural and neuroimaging studies and re-analyses of freely available datasets with recordings from macaque FEF, I gathered evidence in support of earlier theories of cognitive control, which postulated that prefrontal cortex implements gating strategies that favour task-relevant over task-irrelevant information in the service of context-specific task goals. In chapter 3, I propose a computational framework to study representation learning for contextdependent decisions with artificial neural networks, and demonstrate how the same architecture can learn either high-dimensional and task-agnostic or low-dimensional and task-specific representations. In chapter 4, I tested predictions from these simulations in fMRI recordings from human participants who learned to perform a similar context-dependent decision task, finding that representations in fronto-parietal regions were highly task-specific, with relevant information from distinct tasks mapped onto orthogonal coding axes. In chapter 5, I introduce a model of human continual learning, in which the gating signal is learned by a simple Hebbian mechanism. Lastly, in chapter 6, I tested whether previously reported benefits of blocked over interleaved training generalised to abstract rules and whether they promote cross-domain transfer.
Taken together, this thesis introduces a computational theory of continual representation learning and provides empirical evidence that the human brain uses gating strategies to represent relevant information in context-specific subspaces.

Keywords: artificial neural networks
continual learning
fMRI
Advisor: Summerfield, C
Saxe, A
Structural and functional characterisation of the fungal plasma membrane proton pump, Pma1, and related P-Type ATPases

P-type ATPases are a large family of ubiquitous ion pumps that carry out fundamental biological processes, ranging from generating membrane potentials to muscle contraction.
Part I of this thesis focuses on the fungal plasma membrane proton pump, Pma1. Pma1 is responsible for generating the proton-motive force that drives nutrient import into the cell via secondary active transporters. Uniquely, Pma1 forms ring shaped hexamers in the plasma membrane and is regulated through C- and N-terminal extensions. Due to its critical role in the cell, it poses as a target for novel antifungals against invasive mycoses. To date, the structure of Pma1 from Neurospora crassa has been determined in an autoinhibited state, and the structure from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined in both an activated and autoinhibited state. However, whilst the structures have elucidated the molecular basis for function and regulation, they did not provide an understanding of the role of the surrounding lipids. In this thesis, N. crassa Pma1 was studied in a native-like membrane using coarse-grained molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The results explain Pma1’s dependency on anionic lipids such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol ceramide but also reveal a further understanding of how Pma1 cooperatively interacts with the membrane: it induces a membrane deformation that could play a critical role in the mechanism and energetics of proton pumping. In addition to computational studies, the expression and purification of Pma1 was optimised, leading to inhibitory assays and preliminary cryo electron microscopy. Finally, first steps toward a recombinant expression system for purification of N. crassa Pma1 from yeast have been made.
Part II of this thesis addresses the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). SERCA is the most widely studied and well-characterised member of the family, forming the basis of understanding other P-Type ATPases. Whilst being well characterised, the central residue, Glu340 and its mutant, E340A, have not been understood until now. Previous functional studies of the mutant showed that the mutation impacts the Ca2+-binding kinetics, but a E340A crystal structure did not explain this effect. By studying the wild-type, E340A and an in silico E340A structure of SERCA in a lipid membrane using all-atom MD, we found that the mutant has altered dynamics around both the Ca2+- and the ATP-binding sites. Altogether, the work allowed us to propose that E340A stabilises a more substrate-occluded state in SERCA. Conversely, the conserved Glu340 ensures a highly dynamic and coupled mechanism of action by aiding inter-domain communication between the head piece and transmembrane domain of SERCA.

Keywords: P-type ATPases
proton pump
Pma1
molecular dynamics
membrane proteins
structural biology
Advisor: Bublitz, M
Sansom, M
Sauer, D
Philosophy for Reading: to what extent can Philosophy for Children improve the way lower-attaining Year 3 readers answer inferential and evaluative questions?

My research aimed to assess whether the philosophy for children (P4C) programme could help to improve the ways in which a two lower-attaining Year 3 readers answered inferential and evaluative comprehension questions. Additionally, my review of the literature on P4C and reading comprehension revealed that most of the studies tended to focus on quantitative measures and were devoid of qualitive analysis which could have illuminated how P4C could have helped readers to develop their higher-level comprehension skills. In light of this, I wanted to address this qualitative deficit by focusing on a small number of pupils and analysing the potential impact of the intervention from multiple angles. Consequently, I present my finding using the case study approach, which allows me to shed some light on how the pedagogy could help to improve readers’ higher-level reading comprehension.
To monitor the impact of P4C on the pupils’ responses to higher-level questions, I conducted two semi-structured group interviews and constructed a repeated measures design proposed by Thomas (2016). This involved setting three assessments which were initially intended to have been taken in two 10-week intervals: during the first, no intervention would be run; in the second the P4C sessions would have taken place. However, school closures, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, reduced the intervention period by three weeks (which could have reduced its impact) and prevented me from collecting enough data on two pupils from the initial group of four: they had to self-isolate for two weeks prior to schools closing.
Despite this, the test results from the two remaining participants (to whom I allocated the pseudonyms Jade and Ben) indicated that the intervention appeared to help each of them to develop their ability to answer evaluative questions. In addition, the data suggested that the intervention might have had an impact on Ben’s inferential answers but perhaps had little impact on the Jade’s. In addition, my analyses of the pupils’ responses to inferential and evaluative questions, in conjunction with interview data, suggested that the P4C intervention might have helped the pupils to respond to higher-level questions by cultivating key critical thinking skills such as being able to present a line of reasoning which states and justifies a point of view. Moreover, Ben stated that the intervention had inspired him to use questioning to monitor his understanding of what he read more effectively. Using Kintsch and Rawson (2005)’ model of comprehension, I suggested that this could have given Ben the chance develop a more accurate text-base and situation model; thus making it easier for him to answer more challenging comprehension questions. Additionally, my discussion evaluates the likelihood of a number of alternative explanations before concluding.

Keywords: MLT 2020
MLT
Investigation of non-resonant HH production and couplings in the bbbb final state using the ATLAS detector

The full Run 2 ATLAS HH → bbbb analysis targeted the simultaneous non-resonant production of two Higgs bosons (HH) in the bbbb final state. This analysis utilised 126 fb^-1 of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data from the ATLAS Experiment on CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The increase in data, alongside a program of intensive research and development that I played a significant role in, produced a comprehensive set of important physics results that showed a marked improvement on predecessor ATLAS HH → bbbb analyses. An observed (expected) upper limit on HH production via Gluon-Gluon Fusion (ggF) and Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) was set at 5.4 (8.1) times the SM prediction at the 95% confidence level (CL). Constraints on the coupling modifiers κ_λ , κ_V and κ_2V (defined as κ = c/c_SM ) were set using two different statistical methods. Performing a comparison of the theoretical cross-section to the upper limit on HH production, κ_λ was constrained to −3.9 < κ_λ < 11.1 (−4.6 < κ_λ < 10.8) and κ_2V to −0.03 < κ_2V < 2.11 (−0.05 < κ_2V < 2.12) at the 95% CL. Performing a direct measurement of the log likelihood ratio, κ_λ was constrained to −3.5 < κ_λ < 11.3 (−5.4 < κ_λ < 11.4) and κ_2V to 0.0 < κ_2V < 2.1 (−0.1 < κ_2V < 2.1) at 2σ. Two-dimensional limits were also set on a range of values in κ_2V-κ_λ and κ_2V-κ_V space at the 95% CL, the former being the first of its kind.

Keywords: bottom quark
HH
ATLAS
DiHiggs
Advisor: Huffman, B
Impact of using Fundamental 5 in classroom: an analysis of teacher’s engagement in professional development to enhance students engagement in learning in a Private School in Gulf Region

A small-scale explores the perceptions and views of teachers about professional development. Teachers learning in an intrinsic phenomenon and there are many factors involved in shaping the final outcomes of development programmes for teachers. Teachers learning is not linear, it should rather be taken as horizontal and vertical and is depended on many factors. The implementation of “Using Fundamental 5 to Deliver Quality Instructions”, it is concluded that teachers learning learn differently like their students and their learning can defined as a social experience. Teachers values peer learning and their personal professional needs to be taken into account in designing professional development programmes. After analysing the preferences and patterns of teachers’ professional development, the study concludes that teachers voice should be should be part of policy making for teachers learning. Coalition of integrated approaches, various methods and practices, differentiated mode of delivery and consideration of teachers’ professional needs and choices and learning context should be considered for teachers professional development plans.

Keywords: MLT
MLT 2020
The origins of Islamist insurgencies: the social-institutional foundations of an ideological shift

Islamism has become the predominant ideology of civil war in the post-Cold War order, and yet its significance for civil wars remain poorly understood. At the macro-historical level, it is unclear why it was Islamism, rather than something else, which replaced socialism as the foremost counter-hegemonic ideology among Muslim would-be revolutionaries. At the micro-level, there are no satisfactory explanations for why some rebel groups adopt Islamist ideology while others do not. This thesis is an attempt at theory-building to explain the historical rise of Islamism among rebel groups, through an inductively-derived theory of how group-ideology is determined by the process of mobilisation at the micro-level.
I do this by tracing the trajectories of Islamist groups from their pre-war social-institutional origins to the point of rebellion. I compare three sub-national regions which experienced Islamist rebellions to eight regions which did not in Somalia, Ethiopia, Pakistan, and Russia. To this end, I argue that societies which do or do not experience rebellions can be distinguished according to their pre-war social landscape. This is defined by the degree to which the capacity for violence is fractionalised among multiple actors, and how capable governing institutions are at providing public goods.
I show, first, that ideological choice among rebel groups is strongly constrained by organisational legacies and the process of mobilisation. Second, that the ideological contours of a rebellion is defined by the types of pre-war networks which are best positioned to mobilise in response to a conflict-issue. Third, that broader processes of modernity in all cases undermined pre-existing institutions, paving the way for religious institutions as providers of welfare and security, implying a shift in social capital which made Islamist mobilisation viable. Fourth, the outbreak of violence represents a clash between such local experiments in religious governance, and states which seek to impose institutional uniformity. Finally, I provide a classification of pre-war social landscapes and argue that different mechanisms are tied to each landscape-type. I use this to set out a new agenda for studying both ideology and civil war, and the origins of civil wars more broadly.

Keywords: Somalia
Islamism
Chechnya
rebellion
Pakistan
Civil War
insurgency
Advisor: Kalyvas, E
Transport processes in multicomponent lithium-ion electrolytes

This dissertation attends to the processes by which charged and neutral species are transported in lithium-ion electrolytes. Within batteries, electrolytic solutions interact with electrodes to allow charge — and hence energy — to be harmoniously stored and transferred. Thus far, electrolyte engineering remains an underexploited frontier to advance energy storage technologies.
In this dissertation, I take a ‘middle-out’ approach, studying the responses of electrolytes at the continuum level to understand fundamental concentration and voltage polarisation phenomena. In this way, the work complements ‘top-down’ (device-level) and ‘bottom-up’ (molecular-scale) approaches. The insights presented can improve battery control, optimise cell architecture, and evaluate unique formulations.
The work first focuses on experimental design for property characterization. I develop a novel shifting-reference concentration-cell method, which I embed within a broader suite of tests to extract transport and thermodynamic properties of electrolytic solutions. These protocols, based on Newman’s concentrated-solution theory, were validated on disparate electrolyte solvation structures. Subsequent chapters build upon this foundation to analyse a range of carbonate solvents, both linear and cyclic, with lithium hexafluorophosphate from high dilution to saturation.
Potentiometric magnetic-resonance imaging is then used to study superconcentrated binary electrolytes. Despite the electrolyte systems of interest exhibiting severe thermodynamic nonideality and complex higher-order speciation, a three-species model — accounting for convective processes — proves to predict the measured microscopic ion distributions and voltages under applied currents. By deducting the solution-phase signal, lithium-metal interfaces can also be isolated to elucidate the confounding consequences of superconcentration on transport and reaction kinetics.
Next, I probed cosolvent segregation in multicomponent ternary (two solvent, one salt) electrolytes with the help of machine-learning techniques. Counter to what state-of-the-art continuum models of battery electrolytes assume, neutral species are shown to migrate under electric fields, such that electrodes encounter intra-cycle solvent-composition swings. This effect illuminates new guiding principles for electrolyte discovery.
More broadly, I posit that macroscopically observable transport phenomena should play an active role in informing battery development. The contributions presented here are expected to be generalisable to conceptually equivalent electrolyte chemistries comprising salts, solvents, and additives.

Keywords: solution thermodynamics
energy storage
mass transport
electrolytes
lithium-ion batteries
Advisor: Monroe, C