VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Low Thermal Budget Process Engineering for Flexible Electronics, Sensors, and Nanoscale Patterning

Within every process of electronic device fabrication and subsequent device use, there exists an inherent temperature limitation. This limitation can be part of a particular processing step or a target specification of device operation. To determine the temperature restrictions required by a device and its fabrication, the material system and target application of the resultant device must be assessed, as the thermal budget will vary based on both of these factors. If the temperature limit imposed on a device and its process becomes low enough, measures must be taken to ensure a reduction in thermal load is met without sacrificing the integrity of the constituent materials or the final device behavior. More specifically, these measures result in the development of low temperature materials deposition techniques, devices with reduced power consumption, or low temperature in-line processing techniques. In this dissertation, I will present solutions to circumvent temperature limitations in three areas: transparent flexible electronics, small-scale gas sensors for the Internet of Things (IoT), and back-end-of-line (BEOL) processing steps of state-of-the-art integrated circuits (ICs)./nFirst, in Chapter 2, a novel method of metal oxide material deposition for flexible thin film transistors (TFTs) will be discussed. Materials characterization indicates this material is of high quality suitable for flexible electronics, demonstrated via fabrication of fully transparent all-oxide flexible TFTs. Second, in Chapter 3, a chip-integratable pollutant gas sensor based on silicon transistors is discussed. Transistor-based gas sensing leverages IC manufacturing and enables low temperature operation, allowing for lower power consumption carbon monoxide sensors for air quality monitoring and personal pollution tracking. Lastly, Chapter 4 will present a novel low cost fully-BEOL-compatible nanoscale patterning method based on tilted ion implantation and conventional deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography. Utilizing silicon-containing spin-on films, patterns on the order of 20 nm are achieved, providing an alternative lithographic method for state-of-the-art transistor fabrication with nanoscale features.

Advisor: King Liu, Tsu-Jae
Robust, automated sleep scoring by a compact neural network with distributional shift correction

Accurately determining the sleep stage of experimental subjects is a key step in sleep research. Despite years of research into automated methods for scoring rodent sleep recordings, most scoring is still performed manually. Here, I present an automated, machine learning-based sleep scoring method that avoids the subjective and labor-intensive task of manual scoring. In the first chapter, I review recent advances in the field of sleep scoring. New algorithms have, over time, extracted more and more useful information from underlying physiological signals used as inputs. However, inter-laboratory and inter-subject differences have thus far prevented any single automated method from being widely applicable./nIn the second chapter, I present a feature scaling algorithm, mixture z-scoring, that can eliminate many of these differences. Importantly, it also preserves changes in the amount of time a given subject spends in each sleep stage, which is not attainable using existing algorithms. I then present a neural network architecture which efficiently learns to score sleep from spectrograms of electroencephalogram recordings and evaluate it using a large, high-quality dataset. When mixture z-scoring is used as a preprocessing step, the network achieves state-of-the-art performance. I also introduce a free, open-source software package that allows even novice users to make use of the network and mixture z-scoring. This work is presented in the form of a published, first-author manuscript./nIn the final chapter, I discuss the limitations of the scoring algorithm and its potential application for scoring data from other species. I also examine some remaining challenges in the field of sleep scoring as well as their possible solutions. As a whole, this work provides/ncomputational tools that are designed to meet the data processing needs of the sleep research community.

Advisor: Dan, Yang
Identity/Politics: Intersection and Distinction in Digital Publics

This study tests and sharpens the widely shared consensus that something meaningful changed during the 2016 election cycle in the United States. Both online and in person, highly partisan actors ventured out of comfortable ideological homes to mainstream forums, in many cases acting without support from formal organizations. The apparently new character of their mobilization gave rise to narratives of social and political realignment and suggested the possibility of radical change to the structure of affiliations and identifications in the American public./nWhat realigned in this tumultuous time and what stayed the same? Why do any shifts that occurred matter to the future of advocacy and democracy in the United States? To address these questions, the study brings together tools of concept and method from a wide range of influences including cultural sociology, intersectionality studies, social psychology, philosophy, and political science. The study produces two toolkits to support further work on boundary realignment and political inequality: intersectional boundary analysis and a new typology of participatory publics based on their level of diversity and emotional intensity./nThe empirical work of this study is a mixed-methods analysis drawing from the discussions of over 1.7 billion comments on the social media platform Reddit from 2015-2017 to reveal connections between discourse, culture, and inequality. The first chapter lays out the conceptual framework of intersectional boundary analysis, distinguishing forms of boundary work and developing tools for measuring boundary work and emotional language in text. It then measures the relative prevalence of different forms of boundary work to reveal shifts in the salience of symbolic boundaries over the 2016 election cycle and uses network analysis to show shifts in how these boundaries align./nThe second chapter develops intersectional boundary analysis by zooming in on the intersectional complexity of discourse on class inequality in online advocacy forums, using qualitative coding and close readings to critique and move past simplistic narratives like the rise of populism and the white working class. The final chapter explores inequalities of political power by tracking rates of attrition and advocacy activity among the wave of new authors who joined these advocacy forums after the elections. Results connect debates on the role of diversity and polarization, rationality and emotion in participatory publics online to inequalities of political engagement.

Advisor: Fligstein, Neil
Precision measurement of the fine-structure constant with atom interferometry

The fine-structure constant $\alpha$ is ubiquitous in physics, and a comparison among different experiments provides a powerful test of the Standard Model of particle physics. We have recorded the most accurate measurement of $\alpha = 1/137.035999046(27)$ at an accuracy of 0.20 parts per billion (ppb) via measuring $h/m_\text{Cs}$, the quotient of the Planck constant and the mass of a cesium-133 atom. Our tools are simultaneous conjugate Ramsey-Bord\'e atom interferometers based on a cesium atomic fountain. Using Bragg diffraction and Bloch oscillations, we have demonstrated the largest phase (12 million radians) of any Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometer and controlled the systematic effects at a level of 0.12 ppb. Comparing the Penning trap measurements with the Standard Model prediction of the electron gyromagnetic moment anomaly $a_e$ based on our $\alpha$ result, a 2.5-$\sigma$ tension has been observed. This tension provides hints for new physics beyond the Standard Model./nOne of the largest systematic effects of our $\alpha$ measurement comes from the gravity gradient $\gamma$. In order to suppress this effect in the next-generation $\alpha$ measurement, we have demonstrated a new atom interferometer configuration - offset simultaneous conjugate interferometers (OSCIs). We create two pairs of simultaneous conjugate interferometers and precisely control the offset between them with Bragg diffraction and Bloch oscillations. The multichannel readouts of OSCIs allow us to not only cancel the effect of $\gamma$, but also reduce the undesired diffraction phase from Bragg diffraction beam splitters./nOther ongoing and planned upgrades of the next-generation $\alpha$ measurement have also been presented in this thesis, including an over-sized vacuum chamber and a high-power pulsed laser system. With these upgrades, we expect to improve the accuracy of $\alpha$ by one to two orders of magnitude.

Advisor: Mueller, Holger
Essays on U.S. Data Protection Law & Policy

Privacy and cybercrime law in the United States typically focuses on disclosure and deter-/nrence by denial, but obtaining evidence about this regime's ecacy has eluded policymakers/nand researchers. This dissertation evaluates various pieces of U.S. data protection law, and/noers data-driven approaches to longstanding questions in the literature. Chapter 2 reframes/ncybercrime from a causal question to a predictive one, and presents a machine learning model/nthat predicts which publicly traded companies are likely to suer data breaches. Chapter/n3 examines state data breach notication laws, the primary mechanism for responding to/ndata breaches in the U.S., and oers evidence about their eect on medical identity theft/nrates. Chapter 4 looks at how governments, intellectual property owners, and technology/ncompanies police cybercrime by disrupting cybercriminals' access to intermediaries. Taken/ntogether, the three chapters suggest a path forward for researching and evaluating cybercrime/npolicy in a data-driven manner.

Advisor: Rubinfeld, Daniel L.
Du Naturel, or Philippe de Champaigne Against Nature. Portraiture, artifice and the natural in seventeenth-century France

Philippe de Champaigne (1602-1674) is mostly remembered for his triple portrait of Richelieu and his hieratic series of Jansenist leaders' portraits but rarely considered for his rapport with nature despite his training as a Flemish landscape artist. By introducing the unexpected question of the natural in the context of his artistic practice, I reconsider Champaigne's rich corpus of portraits, which map his contemporary society and provide a new perspective on the evolving web of social identities./nI explore how the concept of the natural, as opposed to artifice, is a shifting term that questions the ability of the painter to imitate nature, create a prototype, and give it "life." I successively qualify Champaigne's artistic praxis in relation to its contemporary reception within different communities – the nobility, the Crown, the Jansenist community, and finally the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. Champaigne's approach to portraiture raises the issues of exemplarity, resemblance, and presence of the model. These three problematics offer a chronological and thematic understanding of the painter as a multifaceted artist who leads portraiture into different paths – decoration, diplomacy, and even the sacred./nThe position of the portraitist within the complex social and political agenda of the French Grand siècle, provides a particularly interesting and underexamined insight into the intricate relations between power and religion under Louis XIII's reign and later, during the Regency's social unrest. By combining formal analysis with anthropologically rich archival evidence, I consider Champaigne's portraits as active agents in history, thus providing a conceptual framework to analyze the different actors' strategies of representation.

Advisor: Olson, Todd P.
The Poverty of Fiction: Russia in the Making of a Modern Chinese Realism

This dissertation asks how a long-established literary culture exposed to the depredations of modernity reinvents itself. In the early twentieth century, Chinese activists and intellectuals, reeling from decades of political setbacks since the Opium Wars, sought to drag Chinese society out of an allegedly benighted backwardness into a westernized modernity. I show that modern Chinese realist writers frequently turned to the topic of material poverty—peasants suffering from famine, exploited urban laborers, homeless orphans—to convey their sense of textual poverty and national backwardness. Writers wished to break with a literary and linguistic tradition that for thousands of years had largely been the purview of the ruling scholar-official class. This tradition was, according to modern reformers, woefully impoverished in comparison to Western models, and writing about poverty was a strategy to ameliorate this cultural deficiency. The combination of a radically new subject matter and experimentation with diverse literary resources (indigenous and foreign) generated major innovations in narrative technique and form. Depicting poverty allowed writers to revolutionize the nascent forms of modern Chinese narrative, innovating strategies of representing the nation, the social other, time, and space, while problematizing their deployment of this weighty topic for aesthetic purposes. Though it was contact with Western cultures that produced their sense of backwardness, Chinese intellectuals appropriated from those foreign literary traditions narrative tools to remedy China’s purported textual deficiency by writing about poverty. I examine why Russian literature, itself long preoccupied with a problem of belatedness vis-à-vis Western Europe, occupied a privileged place for Chinese intellectuals of this era. Comparing Chinese fiction about poverty to Russian intertexts by Gogol, Andreev, Chekhov, Turgenev, and others, I show how Chinese writers drew and innovated upon themes (such as madness or human animality) and formal elements (such as metonymy) to invent a new, syncretic realism. In contrast to criticism about the limits of realist writing in China, I argue that it is a heteromodal form, capable of encompassing many modes of narration or literary genres. Here I draw upon on Mikhail Bakhtin’s principle of the omnivorously heteroglossic nature of language and the novel. Chinese writers were so omnivorously intertextual, absorbing different Western genres and -isms simultaneously while continuing to make use of traditional Chinese literary resources, that modern Chinese realism is necessarily informed by a broad spectrum of narrative modes and styles. My dissertation thus contributes to recent critical discussions about peripheral realisms and the transformation of discursive modes or generic conventions when they cross borders.

Advisor: Jones, Andrew F
Topological Inspirations in Photonic Devices

Material topology is an exotic degree of freedom in the condensed matter physics. It was initially proposed to explain the electron transportation in ferroelectric materials in 1954, and eventually made its way to the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics. In recent decades, researchers are dedicated to transplanting the concepts in the condensed matter to the optics and photonics realm. Nowadays, the field of topological photonics is thriving, which allows us to mimic the behaviors of the electrons using photons and discover phenomena exclusive to the Bosonic systems./nIn this dissertation, I present my work to show how we can get inspirations from the electronic system, then design the photonic device with new functionalities. Chapter 1 is dedicated to the cornerstone of material topology: geometric phase. The geometric phase determines the topological invariant in a crystal, but we can also use this concept to engineer the phase front in the diffractive optics devices. I show the first-ever metasurface for ultra-violet wavelengths using the geometric phase. In Chapter 2, I discuss the one-dimensional topological insulator and how to realize it in an optical waveguide array. Besides, I reveal the relation between the one-dimensional model and the topological edge states in the two-dimensional nanoribbons. It deepens our understanding of topological behaviors and the Bloch theorem. Finally, in Chapter 3, I investigate the bound-state-in-continuum, which is a topological singularity in the photonic crystals. Then I show the photonic integrated circuits that utilize this concept and result in a versatile optical filter. All the devices proposed are made of silicon, which is a promising material choice in terms of fabrication and scalability./nIn general, I introduce the essential concepts in topological photonics and explain the physical pictures to my best knowledge, in the hope of inspiring readers to explore this field and design novel photonic devices.

Advisor: Yao, Jie
Sensing the local charge and strain environments surrounding Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in diamond

Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have been established as exceptionally versatile probes for quantum technologies from sensing to simulation.Owing to the versatility of diamond fabrication, NVs can be integrated into probes with nanoscale resolution and superb sensitivity. However, because the diamond is host to many other types of defects, the local environment of the NV is unique for each NV, which poses challenges for any devices instrumenting NVs. This thesis contributes to the future of NV technologies along two essential directions. First, we work towards a more complete understanding of the local charge and strain environments of the NV. In addition to permitting the calibration of these effects for NV probes, we suggest potential uses for the local charges and strain that had previously been considered hindrances. Second, we develop new technologies for NV sensing and simulation. Our work integrating NVs into diamond anvil cells opens the door to detecting high pressure phenomena using the NVs as all-in-one sensors. Finally, our study of the coherence regimes of the local defect environment of the NV is a step towards versatile quantum simulation in dimensions lower than three.

Advisor: Yao, Norman Y
Agricultural Contexts as a Platform for Science and Technology: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Classroom, Community, and Modeling Dynamics

The world faces imminent crises related to climate, science literacy, and environmental justice. Place-based education presents opportunities for students to develop environmental advocacy, leverage their prior knowledge, and broaden scientific practice to serve local communities. This dissertation examines place-based science education in two agricultural contexts that promote the incorporation of technology: rural Honduras and school-gardens in the USA./nVarious qualitative methods were used to document and engineer successful place-based learning experiences. Field-based observational methods and interviews document SAT, a successful Honduran science curriculum that integrates learners' academic and community knowledge through agricultural experiences. Design-based methods engineer, and revise, curriculum and modeling technologies to create similarly integrative experiences in a school-based garden./nIn both contexts, attending to the utilization of experiential and cultural knowledge across place, scientific content, and technology helps explain learners' tensions and successes. To design integrative experiences in school-based contexts using simulation models, a learning environment should align its stated purpose, the instruments used, and the quantitative opportunities of simulation./nAcross three papers, this dissertation contributes (1) examples of successful place-based ecological education; (2) a framework for thinking about the role of technology in place-based ecological education across contexts; and (3) design principles for technology-mediated garden-based experiences in NGSS-aligned US classrooms.

Advisor: Wilkerson, Michelle H
Why Music and Shamanism for Orangutans are Similar

How do you get people to empathize with a species when you have no ability to get inside their heads? Today, orangutan conservation has become something that Indonesians do out in the forests. In service of these efforts, musicians and shamans have joined Sound For Orangutan, an annual music event held in Jakarta since 2012 with additional festivals in other locations in subsequent years. Within this frame of reference, I will argue that both music and shamanism exceed semantics that merely describes differences in things. On stage: musicians incorporate different primate “calls” in a single song that points to a location in which the orangutan and non-orangutan coinhabit. Through different styles (e.g., children’s song, rock, noise), they show a common interest in experiencing nonhuman emotions by singing like the primates. Backstage: shamans convince deities to prevent the rain from falling on the occasion. Through different religious orientations (e.g., Islam, Buddhism, Kejawèn), they conduct a similar set of rituals in which they produce smoke that looks like cloud movements./nWith likeness as my object of inquiry, I ask: Given the prevalence of non-linguistic logic, what is being communicated? What enables that communication, and thus the relations among people who take advantage of its analogies? In their senses of wonder and beauty by virtue of the recognition of likenesses, what develops the sequence that leads to the absence of attention to difference? For this project, I have collected a diverse array of information on: (1) Why musicians play music instead of verbalizing their emotions on stage; (2) How shamans convince deities with deeds rather than words; (3) A simulation technology that enables guitarists to reproduce the same sound across different venues and seasons; (4) A couple of musicians who no longer speak with each other but still sing with each other in sync at the same place at the same time for primates./nUsing a field research design that detects when likeness becomes more apparent than differences, this study seeks to articulate the limitations of linguistic models of communication for musical and shamanic phenomena. This entails an examination of the more basic and direct role of iconic and indexical processes in communicating emotions, establishing empathy, and communicating despite lacking shared language, culture, religion, on behalf of nature or deities. By processing concrete empirical data through Peircean semiotic and emergentist views that are capable of capturing how thoughts show up in the world spontaneously, my goal is to understand why shamanism and music in these instances are similar.

Advisor: Brinner, Benjamin
Deacon, Terrence