VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Mixed-mode I-II-III fracture of adhesive joints

The thesis presents a new experimental method for fracture testing of adhesive joints under mixed-mode I-II-III conditions. The expressions used for the average energy release rate in mode I, mode II and mode III along the idealized straight crack front of a cracked generalized adhesive sandwich are based on beam theory, the J-integral and a beam-on-elastic foundation model. Fracture experiments were performed with adhesively bonded obliquely-loaded equal-adherend and unequal-adherend split-cantilever-beam (SCB) specimens of different widths and loading angles, using two different adhesives. It was seen that the fracture surface had an arrowhead shape for small loading angles (close to that for SCB-type specimens), and a thumbnail shape for larger loading angles (similar to that for double-cantilever-beam (DCB)-type specimens). Moreover, a sharp step was observed in the thickness of the residual adhesive half-way across the specimen width. When no mode I was present, the effect of a mode II loading component on the critical energy release rate, G$\sb{\rm C}$, was different than the effect of mode III for one epoxy, but was the same for the other. The addition of mode I caused the effect on G$\sb{\rm C}$ of mode II to be similar to that of mode III.
Iodine retention on stainless steel sampling lines

In this study, deposition of I$\sb{\rm 2(g)}$ on stainless steel tubing was investigated using radiochemical techniques. The purpose was to study the mechanisms of I$\sb{\rm 2(g)}$ deposition on stainless steel sampling lines. I$\sb2$ deposits through both physical and chemical adsorption. Physical adsorption predominates at I$\sb2$ concentration below 10$\sp{-9}$ mol/L. At concentration higher than 10$\sp{-9}$ mol/L, slow chemisorption occurs for low humidity ($<$25%). At high relative humidity ($>$75%), rapid chemisorption with pitting corrosion occurs. I$\sb2$ is believed to react at defect sites to form hygroscopic FeI$\sb2$ which attracts more water propagating the reaction. Under some conditions the propagation is inhibited resulting in an apparent maximum surface loading. At high iodine concentration, high relative humidity and tube temperatures of 40$\sp\circ$ or 60$\sp\circ$C, no such inhibition occurs resulting in rapid and continuous iodine adsorption. Despite the expectation that SS-316L should perform better than SS-304L, there appears to be no difference between the two types of steel except, perhaps, at iodine concentrations below 10$\sp{-9}$ mol/L.
Estimating missing average household income values in census data

Missing values play a significant role in the practical usage of demographic and socio-economic data sets. Missing observations frequently arise in census data, especially for units of census geography such as Enumeration Areas (EAs) which may have small populations. Missing values primarily occur because data are suppressed for areas falling below particular population thresholds set by Statistics Canada in order to protect the confidentiality of individual responses. Concerns about the presence of missing observations in census data sets are of particular interest to analysts who depend on comprehensive data sets for purposes of developing spatial models, undertaking market analyses, and performing quantitative geographical research. The intent of this study is to develop and test a number of spatial methods that use neighbouring EAs to reliably estimate missing average household income values in census data by EA. Several methods are tested within the context of Ottawa-Hull.
The effect of zoledronate on the bone and articular cartilage in carrageenan-induced inflammatory arthritis in the rabbit knee

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that by protecting bone from changes due to inflammatory arthritis one could also protect the articular cartilage. Experimental inflammatory arthritis was induced in rabbits by intra-articular injections of carrageenan over a 4 week period. The treated group also received injections of zoledronate, a bone sparing agent. Zoledronate treatment prevented subchondral, juxta-articular and periarticular bone loss. In addition, partial protection against loss of subchondral bone hardness was evident. Zoledronate partially protected articular cartilage from degradation. Protection did not appear to be due to an anti-inflammatory effect of the drug. Two possible mechanisms to explain the partial protection of the articular cartilage have been postulated by this study: (1) preventing bone resorption results in the prevention of the release of possible mediators of joint destruction (2) maintaining the osteochondral barrier and the mechanical properties of the subchondral bone may help to maintain normal joint loading and joint structure.
Textured imprints, images, social change, and cultural memory

In this thesis I attempt to better understand the relation between image/texts and practices of social change by considering how two change practices take up images to connote particular meanings. I explore the range of relations produced by and through two different political movements which engage commemorative practices: HIV testimony and the Women's Monument Project, a feminist public art project to commemorate the Montreal Massacre. My discussion focuses on how HIV testimony and the Women's Monument Project consider relations between self, other and community produced in the dynamic between image/texts and cultural memory. My discussion of cultural image/texts considers my own and other's stakes and investments embedded in their production. My reflections throughout these pages ponder how notions of knowledge and perception shape, and might have a role in recasting, relations with an other.
Holding the key to the hall of democracy, professional education for librarianship in Toronto, 1882-1936

The history of women's higher or professional education in the mid-nineteenth century is an expanding field. A great deal of study has been done on the traditional fields of teaching, nursing and social work. However, education for librarianship has been largely overlooked by educational historians in Canada. Most of what research exists has been done by people in the field; librarians or those responsible for educating them. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the larger body of educational history. My focus falls mainly on the education for librarianship in Toronto from 1882 to 1936. In these years the Toronto Public Library opened, trained its own staff and supported the Provincial Training School for Librarians. This Library School was run, without fee, for the benefit of public librarians by the Department of Education. It operated initially as a short summer course which gradually grew to become a full year course at the University of Toronto. At the University, education in Library Science was not a degree program until 1936. It is the object of this study to situate education for librarianship at the University of Toronto, the Library School and the Toronto Public Library within the larger environment of the Public Library Movement and the training of librarians in North America. It is my belief and the premise of this work that significant professional education occurred in the years before the first Bachelor of Library Science was conferred by the University of Toronto.
Formal method integration via heterogeneous notations

Method integration is the procedure of combining multiple methods to form a new technique. In the context of software engineering, this can involve combining specification techniques, rules and guidelines for design and implementation, and sequences of steps for managing an entire development. In current practice, method integration is often an ad-hoc process, where links between methods are defined on a case-by-case basis. In this dissertation, we examine an approach to formal method integration based on so-called heterogeneous notations: compositions of compatible notations. We set up a basis that can be used to formally define the meaning of compositions of formal and semiformal notations. Then, we examine how this basis can be used in combining methods used for system specification, design, and implementation. We demonstrate integration using this basis in a pure formal setting, and in a setting involving both formal and semiformal methods. This culminates in a description of a meta-method for formal method integration based on heterogeneous notations, and a discussion of the properties and benefits obtained through the use of such a method. A number of examples are provided that suggest how heterogeneous notations and integrated methods can be used, and how formal method integration based on the meta-method can occur.
Sense, orientations, meanings, apparatus. ideological dimensions of select twentieth-century occidental texts devoted to technology, perception and reproduction

The study tests the discursive limits of current models of the human sensorium; outlines the mapping of the eye/ear pair onto the mind/body dichotomy and how this constructs a passive sensorium and entrenches anti-intellectual and anti-erotic stances; calls for an examination of the dialectical interplay between sensation and cogitation through a re-valuation of the role of abstraction in acts of reading and perception; argues that unchallenged sensory biases are at work in dyadic models of reproduction; examines ethno-scientific assumptions underlying theories of social and biological reproduction; probes deployment of sensory organizations in theory-making about models of generation; traces the consequences of sensory organizations for theory-making about models of interpretation; presents a typology of dichotomist versus dialectical epistemologies; stakes the claim that models and material practices stand in a dialectical relation to each other; posits, finally, that non-reductive functional approaches to narrative enhance the modelling of an interactive sensorium and open the way for non-trivial analysis of narratives coded in other than linguistic means.
Christians and Jews in thirteenth-century Castile, the career and writings of Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Archbishop of Toledo (1209-1247)

The life of Archbishop Rodrigo Jimenez de Rada offers a window on many of the principal issues of his day. He is best known for his role in the victory over the Almohads at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) and for several works of history in which he traces the emergence of Castile, with Toledo as its political and spiritual centre. Rodrigo was also an important figure in the shifting relationship between Christians and the Jews in thirteenth-century Spain. He worked to protect the Jews of Castile from the restrictions imposed on Europe's Jews by the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) and by the popes. Rodrigo also undertook business transactions using Jews as his agents, causing the clergy of the Toledo cathedral chapter to complain that he was overly friendly with Jews. The Archbishop composed a treatise, the Dialogus libri uitae, to foster conversions from Judaism. The text survives in one manuscript, Salamanca, Bibl. Univ., ms. 2089 (saec. xiv$\rm\sp{ex}{-}xv\sp{in}).$ The work attacks Talmudic and Midrashic predictions about the Messiah, and seeks to demonstrate the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the coming of Christ, using philosophical arguments, biblical exegesis, and patristic authorities. The text reflects the practical and philosophical stance of the most powerful prelate in Castile at a crucial juncture in Christian-Jewish relations, when the papacy was tightening its restrictive legislation against the Jews and attacking the Talmud. Unlike most treatises against the Jews, which demonstrate little knowledge of contemporary Judaism, Rodrigo's work displays an awareness of current Jewish concerns and beliefs. The work has attracted little attention hitherto, and no study or printed text of it exists. Writers of anti-Jewish polemic and prelates who had dealings with Jews were common in the Middle Ages, but it is unusual to possess documents by and about an individual who acted in both capacities. Considering the Dialogus against Don Rodrigo's day-to-day dealings with the Jews and his treatment of them in his historical works sheds new light on the state of Christian-Jewish relations in thirteenth-century Spain.
The greening of business, reasons, methods and learning

The purpose of this research study was to identify what companies have learned about the most effective methods of greening their business, and to find out what knowledge, attitudes and values were considered by companies to be most helpful in facilitating the shift to sustainable business. A sample of 108 manufacturing companies in Ontario was selected. Respondents were asked to think about their most successful environmental project during the past four years, and to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of both quantitative and qualitative questions. The questionnaire addressed three major topics: (a) the company's main reasons for launching the environmental project; (b) how the company planned and implemented the project, and what was learned about the relative helpfulness of 76 environmental management methods, and (c) the kinds of learning which, in retrospect, companies believe to be essential in order to green a business. Quantitative data were analyzed using both parametric and nonparametric statistical methods, depending on the nature of the data. Three software packages were utilized: SPSS, Minitab and SAS. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative responses. The findings suggested that companies' attitudes towards their environmental responsibilities are undergoing an encouraging shift away from mere regulatory compliance towards a genuine interest in sustainable business and environmental protection. This in turn suggests that considerable learning and attitude change is taking place. The findings also indicated that although many companies are currently performing environmental management activities which are considered very helpful in the greening process, a surprising number of other activities, which are considered either very helpful or extremely helpful, are substantially underutilized. It was also found that companies are often wasting resources on activities which offer only limited helpfulness. The study concludes with a condensed list of the kinds of learning and environmental management methods which appear to be most effective in facilitating shifts toward corporate greening.
Redox regulation of cell activation, implications for acute lung injury

The acute respiratory distress syndrome is one of the most common causes of mortality in critically ill surgical patients. The development of acute lung injury is dependent on the sequential activation of macrophages, endothelial cells and neutrophils. Cellular activation may be modulated by changes in the intracellular redox state, which suggests that therapy directed toward this end may attenuate acute lung injury. This hypothesis was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo in a rodent model of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. The antioxidant, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), is a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor-$\kappa$B, a transcription factor implicated in the activation of several genes important in the inflammatory response. Administration of PDTC significantly attenuated acute lung injury. PDTC had no effect on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of TNF-$\alpha$ nor on lung TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression. Lung ICAM-1 mRNA expression was unaffected, a finding consistent with the lack of effect of PDTC on neutrophil influx. PDTC prevented the accumulation of malondialdehyde, a 3-carbon degradation product of lipid peroxidation, without affecting neutrophil oxidant production. In vitro studies in the murine macrophage cell line J-774.1 demonstrated that PDTC potentiated endotoxin-induced TNF-$\alpha$ secretion. By contrast, PDTC attenuated zymosan-induced TNF-$\alpha$ secretion in both J-774.1 cells and in cells derived from the human monocyte cell line, THP-1. PDTC increased TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA expression in J-774.1 cells, despite reducing mRNA transcription rates as assessed by nuclear run on analysis. However, this reduction in the rate of transcription was offset by an increase in mRNA stability. Next, the effect of systemic glutathione depletion on acute lung injury was evaluated. Animals were pretreated with the glutathione depleting agent, diethylmaleate (DEM), prior to challenge with endotoxin. DEM completely prevented lung injury, an effect mediated by a reduction in neutrophil influx. Neutrophil chemotaxis and $\beta\sb2$ integrin expression were unaffected. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that DEM prevented lung ICAM-1 expression in response to endotoxin, an effect recapitulated in vitro in primary rat heart endothelial cell cultures. Northern analysis of lung total RNA revealed that DEM prevented upregulation of ICAM-1 at the level of transcription. Considered together, these data suggest that redox manipulation may have complex and diverse effects on cell activation. The net result of any such intervention depends on the mechanism and direction in which the intracellular redox state is altered, coupled with the type of inflammatory stimulus. Administration of redox-active agents clearly modulate the inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo, and thus may represent a novel intervention in inflammatory disease states in man.
Clinical pharmacology of lidocaine-prilocaine cream in infants

Introduction. Despite evidence that infants experience pain, analgesics are not administered frequently during pain procedures. The objective of this research was to determine whether procedural pain in infants could be diminished with topical lidocaine-prilocaine 5% cream (EMLA). The following specific hypotheses were tested: EMLA is efficacious for treatment of pain in infants undergoing vaccination and circumcision; EMLA is safe for treatment of pain in infants undergoing circumcision and heel lancing; and untreated pain from circumcision has long-term effects on infant pain behaviour that can be observed during routine vaccination. Methods. Five studies were performed to test the hypotheses. The first study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of EMLA for treatment of pain during routine 4 or 6 month vaccination. Pain was assessed using behaviour, crying and visual analogue scale scores. The second study was a retrospective analysis of vaccination pain scores of circumcised and uncircumcised male infants from the first study. The third study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of EMLA for treatment of pain during neonatal circumcision. Pain was assessed using facial activity, crying, heart rate, and blood pressure. Safety was assessed by measuring methemoglobin, lidocaine, and prilocaine concentrations. The fourth study was an observational study investigating vaccination pain responses among uncircumcised male infants and circumcised male infants who participated in the third study. Pain was measured using infant facial activity, crying, and visual analogue scale scores. The fifth study was an open trial of the safety of EMLA in preterm neonates aged 30 to 37 weeks gestation. Safety was assessed in a similar way as in the third study. Results. EMLA was efficacious for pain management during vaccination and circumcision. Lidocaine and prilocaine were measurable in low concentrations and methemoglobin concentrations were not elevated after administration of EMLA. Circumcised infants demonstrated an increase in pain response during routine vaccination compared with uncircumcised infants. Infants pre-treated with EMLA for pain from circumcision scored between the uncircumcised infants and the infants circumcised with a placebo. Conclusions. EMLA decreases procedural pain in infants.
Martial and marital, representing masculinity in the faerie queene and the new arcadia

This thesis examines the representation of masculinity in Edmund Spenser's Faerie Queene (1596) and Philip Sidney's New Arcadia (1590). Most men in these texts are either bachelor knights or husbands, and these roles represent early modern conceptions of youth and adulthood respectively. Drawing on anthropological theory, I argue that Spenser and Sidney establish chivalry and patriarchy as competing systems, each with its own codes. In the one, masculine status and institutional order derive from errantry and autonomy, same-sex identification established through knightly competition, and martial qualities such as vengeful aggression and desire for fame. In the other, status and order depend upon the male's civic responsibilities, on his relations to others in a household, and on the role of that household in maintaining civil stability. The thesis analyzes the intersections of these systems and the ritual and textual means by which passages between them are negotiated--taking up of arms and separation from mother and domestic governance; transvestite disguise; marriage; and tournaments. When patriarchal status is anticipated by encounters with potential brides or with androgynous figures who embody the union of masculine and feminine, knightly status becomes insecure, and chivalric codes become inadequate. The knight enters a transitional state, figured by anonymity or disguise (sometimes involving crossdressing) and by a movement outside male-governed order to feminine communities or feminized geographical space. Spenser and Sidney equate this anomalous period with 'death,' associating it with magic and with dangerous maternity. Here chivalry and patriarchy clash. The knight sees marriage and procreation as the destroyer of autonomy, but the bridegroom regards them as necessary to civil order. Some males in this state may be unable to relinquish exclusively masculine chivalric status. Others are reborn into a new androgynous masculinity which serves the commonwealth. Although chivalry has valid social and political functions, it can undermine social order unless it is subordinate to patriarchy. Spenser shows how chivalry may serve civility and continually resolves martial and marital tensions in moments of social productivity and harmony. For Sidney, however, chivalry and patriarchy become increasingly incompatible, resulting in the tragic 'ending' of the 1590 Arcadia.
Development of a methodology for conceptual design of industrial automation

Automated systems include devices such as processing machines, handling/transfer mechanisms, and robots with dexterous hands or custom built grippers. Design of processing machine tools and of handling systems are generally conducted independently. Subsequently they are integrated with each other. This conventional approach does not allow exploring and exploiting the possibilities of new conceptual designs in which handling mechanisms are an integral part of machine tools, or processing devices are an integral part of handling systems. This thesis contributes to the development of a systematic methodology for conceptual design for automation (DFAM) by extending the application of the axiomatic design theory. The work has resulted in formulation of a methodology enabling design data to flow between product design, process design, and automation system design, so that they are not performed in exclusivity. The relevant issues, namely, conditions of automatability, feedback between the different design domains, process design for automation, and integration of automation are investigated. A criterion to evaluate competing design alternatives is also proposed, based on the issues associated with the information model of an automation system, namely, precision of motion, and partitioning of travel. The framework of the methodology includes six axiomatic propositions to guide the design of integrated automation systems or cells, and two axiomatic propositions to compare the alternate designs. To establish its generic scope, the DFAM methodology is applied to several case studies of industrial projects resulting in new integrated designs.