VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Unity and disunity in Japanese modern times: the songs and theories of Yamada Kо̄saku

This thesis examines the work of Yamada Kōsaku 山田耕筰 (1886-1965), a Japanese composer in the Western classical tradition. Scholarship to date has tended to ascribe to Yamada a substantial change in his identity, whereby his recognition of his Japanese nationality sometime before 1920 brought his music to its laudable maturity. I argue that this is a misinterpretation. Instead, any such shift was superficial, only rhetorical in nature, and overlaid a stable philosophical core. This philosophy can be defined as a modernist faith in totalizing unity.
A reassessment of Yamada’s biography demonstrates that there is no evidence of a substantial ‘Japanese turn’. Similarly, an examination of Yamada’s musical style, focusing on his influential ‘accent theory’ of song declamation, shows it to belong within an Austro-German discourse of song composition. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied there was some form of rhetorical shift. I describe this as a transition from a perspective of outward-looking cosmopolitanism to one of inward-looking nativism, and date it to a critical period around the early 1920s, on which this thesis focuses.
An analysis of Nursemaids’ Songs (AIYAN no uta AIYANの歌), a song cycle from 1922, reveals the ‘crisis of modernity’ that Yamada was facing. This was brought on by the failure of Yamada’s attempts to forge ‘unity through purity’, the method for engendering artistic and social harmony that was mandated by his theory of the ‘unified work of art’. However, Yamada’s close collaborator from 1922 onwards, the poet Kitahara Hakushū 北原白秋 (1885-1942), provided a solution to this ‘crisis of unity’ with his anti-intellectual ideology of the pure ‘heart of a child’ (dōshin 童心). The alignment that steadily developed between this ideology and the totalitarianism of the later Japanese Empire drove the transition in Yamada’s rhetoric towards an inward-looking nativism.

Advisor: Tunbridge, L
Service, J
HIV-1 induction of macrophage immune mediators

Clinical studies convincingly associate increased monocyte migration and markers of myeloid cell activation with the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions in HIV-1-infected individuals. However, the mechanisms by which myeloid cells contribute to HIV-1-associated inflammation are poorly understood. HIV-1 infection of human macrophages is believed to induce an innate immune response that includes IFN-I production. Previous studies also implicate the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr as a potential modulator of pro-inflammatory antiviral responses to HIV-1 infection, but these reports are contradictory and require clarification.
To determine the immune mediators induced by HIV-1 and modulated by HIV-1 Vpr, I transduced human monocyte-derived macrophages with single-round pseudotyped viruses that were either competent or deleted for Vpr expression. Wide-scale soluble proteome analysis of conditioned media from the HIV-1-transduced human macrophages highlights that HIV-1 induces expression of a subset of pro-inflammatory factors, among which the interferon gamma-induced chemokine CXCL10/IP-10 is markedly enhanced. I find no evidence of enhanced primary monocyte migration towards either transduced MDM supernatants or recombinant soluble Env, a ligand for CCR5. Further analyses of macrophage supernatants using an IFN-reporter cell line and multiplex immunoassays show that HIV-1 Vpr expression downregulates IFN-α and IL-1β production. Together, these data support the idea MDMs elicit a modest innate response to HIV-1 of which the accessory protein Vpr is a negative regulator.

Keywords: Macrophage
Vpr
Inflammation
Chemotaxis
HIV/AIDS
Myeloid cell
Advisor: Sattentau, Q
Russell, R
Music in the urban Amazon: a historical ethnography of the Manaus opera house

This thesis presents a historical ethnography of the Teatro Amazonas, an iconic opera house in Brazil’s Amazonian city of Manaus. Often referred to as the ‘opera house in the jungle’, the Teatro is overtly indexed through its broad geographical setting – a setting that has both garnered global attention and stoked fervent contention at a time of anxiety about climate change. Today, conservationist fervour means that many people the world over have become invested in the vast Amazon region not changing over time. This thesis responds to this state of affairs and to recent scholarship that draws critical attention to which parts of the globe have their human histories widely recognised and which do not. It analyses select moments from throughout the Teatro’s lifespan (1897 to the present), exploring the opera house’s changing relationship with its uniquely important geographical setting.
The five chapters proceed in chronological order but leave gaps and cover time periods of varying lengths. Chapter One (1850-1896) explores the ‘opera house in the jungle’ epithet by examining the historical context out of which the Teatro came to be built. Chapter Two (1897-1907) nuances the common depiction of the Teatro’s initial decade as a ‘golden age’ of abundance and progress. Chapter Three (1937-1971) crafts a musical history of the mid-twentieth century (supposedly a fallow period at the Teatro), preceded by an ethnography of the opera house’s archive as it stood in 2017. Chapter Four (1997-2017) scrutinises an ongoing cultural project based at the Teatro, arguing that, from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth century, opera in Amazonia changed from an ephemeral status symbol to a productive stimulus for diverse local musics. Chapter Five (2017) explores the entangled urban and rainforest settings that surround (and permeate) the Teatro today, and argues that the opera house has become a potent catalyst for negotiations of Amazonian geographies. Finally, the conclusion reflects on the endeavour of writing a long history of an Amazonian opera house.

Keywords: Teatro Amazonas
opera
the Amazon
historical ethnography
Brazil
Advisor: Stanyek, J
Income from capital, inequality indicators and social policy

Capital incomes have traditionally been an understudied topic in inequality research but havebegun to receive significant attention in recent years.The main puzzle emerging is whymarked increases in capital shares observed in many advanced economies appear to have little impact on standard indicators of income inequality. The implicationis thatdifferent narrativesare opening up across differentareas of scholarship. As a consequence, both academics and policy makers are not talking the same language.If there is no accurate picture of the effect of capital incomes on overall inequality, capital incomes will continue to be under-studied, their impact will not be properly captured and understood, and policy responses will be inadequate and poorly designed.
This thesis (1) puts forward a blueprint which puts into context recent advances in the field which helps to explain why different narratives open up and (2) provides an exploratory pathway to help bridge diverging UK narratives. First, improving the capture of capital incomes in headline inequality indicators, drawing upon state-of-the-art methods. Second, recalculating headline statistics using the capital adjusted series and showing how the narrative changes from little to moderate (and increasing) effect on inequality. Third, identifying complementary information not captured by the recalculated headline indicators, which add substantial information to the capital income narrative.Finally, combining all the policy implications that have opened up in the process and highlight that there is much potential to expand the discussion of capital (income) redistribution in social policy debates. It is argued that one of the conditions for this to work is that capital income adjustments should be made to the headline inequality statistics, proposed in this thesis.

Advisor: Nolan, B
The temperature dependence of plasticity in molybdenum

This thesis aims to add to the knowledge of the mechanical properties of molybdenum, with particular emphasis on the temperature and size dependence of plasticity. The experimental findings of this thesis will help to build a picture of the small scale properties of Mo for future studies on irradiated thin layers.
Bulk scale microhardness testing of [001] orientated single crystal Mo from -196 to 872◦C formed a basis for a size-dependent nanoindentation study from -31 to 800◦C and maximum loads from 2 to 300mN. The size dependent behaviour was consistent with the approach of BCC metals to FCC behaviour upon heating due to the thermal activation of the kink pair mechanism, as the size dependence increased up to the knee temperature to the level expected of an FCC metal. A strain gradient plasticity model was used with success above the knee temperature, but was not suitable at lower temperatures. It is proposed that two different mechanisms act to control the characteristic length scale of indentation above and below the knee temperature.
Bulk scale four point bend tests were carried out on single crystal Mo from -165 to 328◦C with sample edges parallel to {001} to provide a comparison with microcantilever bend tests with the same crystallographic orientation from -30 to 571◦C. The microscale tests showed much higher flow stresses at all temperatures. This is most likely due to the high strain gradients imposed on the smaller scale bend specimens, although a further experiment covering a range of beam widths would be necessary to explore this area further.
Additionally, polycrystalline samples were annealed until cold work was observed to decrease significantly and tested from -40 to 522◦C. These samples had very similar behaviour to the single crystal samples, but reduced flow stresses compared to a previous study on unannealed samples, suggesting the grain growth and reduced cold work measured by EBSD were responsible.

Advisor: Armstrong, D
Roberts, S
The recollections: the works and days (of Tayoko Shiojiri in the Shiotani Basin)

This dissertation contains the following elements: a 480-minute film, a forty-four-minute LP, and a supplementary text of 30,847 words.
The film, The Works and Days (of Tayoko Shiojiri in the Shiotani Basin), is a fiction recorded for a total of twenty-seven weeks, over a period of fourteen months, in a farming village population forty-seven in the mountains of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It is a film that I wrote, directed, edited, sound recorded, and produced. The film is a geographic description of the work and non-work of a seventy/seventy-one year-old farmer named Tayoko. A georgic in five books. A portrait of a family and of a landscape.
It is a film concerned with, among other things, extended duration, sustained attention, contingent forces, collective economies, market failure, oral history, the non-dramatic, the anti-fragile, plainspokenness, looking, and listening. A film that falls outside of a Deleuzian taxonomy of the Movement-Image and the Time-Image to be what I would describe as a Terrane-Image film.
While one is free to watch the film as one would wish, I would propose that an ideal screening would take place wholly within a single day. There are intermissions built into the film roughly every two hours. I recommend a fifteen-minute first and third intermission along with a longer lunch break during the second intermission. This makes for a total experience of between nine and nine and a half hours.
The album, The Works and Days: The Black Sections, is something of a sound collage album. It is two sides of twenty-two minutes each. It was produced from out of the roughly five hundred hours of sound I recorded over the course of the film production combined with excerpts of musical compositions featured in the film.
The supplementary text, The Recollections, is primarily a set of reflections—associations, antecedents, ancillaries, etc—called up for me from the earliest stages of the film’s ideation on through to my recent regarding of the completed edit. It serves as an abridged accompaniment to the film so as to make many of the film’s implicit concerns explicit. As the text reveals many key moments in the The Works and Days, it is ideally intended to be read only after one has seen the film.
The electronic version of the dissertation is typeset to accomodate double-sided printing.

Keywords: fiction
Japan
duration
sound
anthropology
film/video
geography
Advisor: Taylor, B
Kiaer, I
Qualitative analysis of code-switching with reference to gender and pragmatic functions in Indian students at Oxford

Past research on code-switching (CS) has attempted to establish that CS is used more due to fashion or as a mark of modernization (Kachru, 1978; Pillalamori, 2018). It is also considered to be a mark of familiarity in an informal context; teachers in classroom contexts use it to make the classroom teaching less formal and also to simplify the teaching material. Although CS is more common in out–of--classroom (Jacobson, 1997), informal contexts, a lot of research (Macaro, 2001; Grit & Jennifer, 2004) has been done on formal classroom settings; that on informal out-of-the-classroom context is less (Si, 2011; Kashpolia & Ong, 2015). Two of the researches in these informal contexts that have been identified talk about CS in Bollywood films and linguistic analysis of CS in billboard advertisements. To date, there is no study that probes into CS in an informal, out-of-classroom, Anglophone context.
This dissertation contributes to fill this identified research gap. The data for analysis has been taken from group elicitation (GE) and stimulated recall (SR) conducted in an informal Anglophone context, based on three broad research questions on gender, CS patterns, and pragmatics. The key findings demonstrate that gender is not decisive in finding the CS patterns, which in this study are confined to intra and inter-sentential CS. The range of pragmatic markers used by Indian speakers of English while CS differed from male respondents to the female ones. The findings from this research suggest that a linguistic analysis of CS patterns and study of pragmatic functions in comparison with L1 and L2 could contribute significantly in extension of knowledge about Indian users of English in informal out-of-classroom context.

Advisor: Briggs Baffoe-Djan, J
Dangkhar: The rgyal sa of Spiti

The river valley of Spiti is located at the western end of the Tibetan plateau in what is today the Indian hill state of Himachal Pradesh. From its incorporation into the Tibetan Empire in the 7th century until its annexation by British India in 1846, the Spiti Valley occupied a peripheral yet significant geographical position within the Western Himalayas by allowing contacts and cultural exchange between Tibet, Ladakh, and the Indian sub-continent. During this time, the Dangkhar settlement emerged as the political centre of this border valley. Based on a non-invasive archaeological investigation of its vestiges, together with an analysis of epigraphic and historical sources, this thesis describes and examines the constitutive elements of this site from its territory to its religious and political institutions. Over time, the Dangkhar settlement came to be referred to as the rgyal sa of Spiti, meaning ‘royal seat’ or ‘capital’, a Tibetan term that captures the long and singular history of this endangered heritage site. Sitting astride some of the most important trade and communication routes of the Western Himalayas, the Spiti Valley played a major role in both the diffusion of ideas and the transfer of goods within the Indo-Tibetan border regions. In tracing both local and trans-regional patterns of continuity and change, this research contributes to refining a periodisation scheme which illuminates the various political, religious, and economic interactions which have shaped the history of the Western Himalayas. As a result, this thesis presents the most detailed historical overview of Spiti to date.

Advisor: Roesler, U
Witches of here and everywhere: course and containment on the early modern stage

This thesis is the first sustained analysis of witchcraft and the law as represented on the English early modern stage. It spans the period 1576-1642, from the rise of the professional theatres until their closure, with a brief coda testing its conclusions beyond the period of its central focus. The thesis argues that staged persecution of witches corresponded with anxieties outside the theatre around discovering and justly prosecuting witches and witchcrafts. In the early modern period, witchcraft posed a number of challenges to English law, driving developments in ways of proof and rules of evidence, and affecting contemporary conceptions of the status of confessions, witness testimony, and circumstantial evidence. In each of these areas, witch trials forced judicial process and legal theory to evolve to meet witchcraft’s epistemic-evidentiary vacancy and its perceived threat. These dilemmas also figure in early modern staged representations of witchcraft. The theatre, in turn, affected popular conceptions of witchcraft and culpability, thereby ultimately affecting how witch trials were conducted and perceived. Therefore, this thesis argues that the same ontological and epistemological factors which complicated witchcraft as a category of crime made it a fruitful narrative tool; and the exploitation of witchcraft as a foil for the construction of judicial and jurisdictional authority had its counterpart in the staging of authority and characterisation. This thesis does not advance a normative reading or insist certain plays be read primarily as ‘witch plays’ or read exclusively for their witchcraft content. Its aim is to bring aspects of staged witchcraft jurisprudence into greater critical focus in order to demonstrate how productive the embattled witch figure was to early modern English dramatists, and therefore how vital to our understanding of the period. Analysing the interplay between stage and court’s visual imaginaries of witchcraft – along with judicial strategies for controlling witchcraft – helps elucidate significant changes in both drama and the law in the period. Finally, the thesis demonstrates how staging of and storytelling around witchcraft and the law continue to be used to construct judicial and political authority in the present day.

Keywords: witchcraft
Shakespeare
demonology
skepticism
Advisor: Purkiss, D
Heart-brain axis and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults

Lower indices of ideal cardiovascular health, such as hypertension, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity, are known risk factors for midlife cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Whether modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and novel early life exposures such as preterm birth, influence the structure and integrity of the heart-brain axis in young adults is less well studied.
This thesis investigates the heart-brain axis using detailed brain and cardiac imaging, exercise testing and ambulatory monitoring. Purposive recruitment established a cohort of young adults with a range of gestational ages and blood pressures. The detailed phenotypic measures were used to investigate associations between cardiac measures, brain volumes, brain cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensity lesions and brain vascular measures to understand factors influencing the heart-brain axis in early life.
It was demonstrated that cardiovascular risk profiles are associated with structural differences across the heart-brain axis. Healthier profiles of ideal cardiovascular health indices are associated with lower left ventricular mass to left ventricular end diastolic volume ratios, higher left ventricular stroke volumes and higher brain vessel density and vessel calibre. In addition, healthier cardiovascular profiles were associated with lower number of white matter hyperintensity lesions and higher brain blood flow. In addition, there was evidence of cortical-thalamic associations with cardiac function at rest. These associations were then tested under exercise stress and found evidence that cortical-thalamic structures are associated with indicators of peak exercise performance. There was also evidence of cortico-thalamic associations with submaximal cardiac output and myocardial strain.
The thesis then adopts best practice guidelines to design intervention strategies to promote ideal cardiovascular health in young adults. A systemic review of randomised control trials demonstrated an evidence gap, making it difficult to recommend specific lifestyle interventions for sustained cardiovascular risk reduction in young adults. However, beneficial short-term reduction in clinic blood pressures was shown to be associated with exercise intervention. Meta-analysis demonstrated supervised, moderate-to-high intensity exercise and frequent contact between participants and intervention teams as the most effective intervention components.
The preliminary data on the heart-brain axis and evidence assimilated in the systematic review have informed development of a randomized control trial to test the effectiveness of exercise intervention on ambulatory blood pressure and remodelling across the heart-brain axis. The combined work will inform future primary prevention strategies and identify biomarkers of heart-brain health to track in young adults.

Advisor: Leeson, P
Foster, C
Noble gas isotope investigation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and related subsurface environments

Unconventional petroleum reservoirs represent complex subsurface fluid environ- ments. Investigating the behaviour of these systems has important consequences for our energy production, environmental impact, and has the potential to further our general understanding of subsurface fluid behaviour in low-porosity systems. This study utilises noble gas isotopes in produced gases as geochemical tracers to investigate several facets of unconventional petroleum systems and related regimes. Firstly, the behaviour of source-rocks during natural gas generation is investigated in the Eagle Ford Shale (South Texas, USA). Here, clear relationships are shown between the noble gas composition and parameters for thermal maturity, including δ13C of methane. This allows new constraints to be placed on the behaviour of gas during generation and leads to novel approaches for quantifying the extent of gas generation within and expulsion from source-rocks. Secondly, the migration of hydrocarbons from source-rock to reservoir is investigated in a series of related samples from the Haynesville play area (East Texas, USA). Migrated samples from conventional reservoirs are shown to have much higher abundances of atmosphere- derived and radiogenic noble gas isotopes. These observations are used to test conceptual models of subsurface gas flow and ultimately to quantify the relative volumes of gas, water and rock encountered during migration. Finally, we investigate the behaviour of geothermal fluids in Iceland, using a similar approach but applying it to another low-porosity subsurface environment. Here, atmosphere-derived noble gas isotopes display solubility-dependent fractionation patterns, likely as a result of geothermal boiling and degassing at depth. The data and interpretations presented in this study greatly expand our understanding of noble gas behaviour in low-porosity rocks, and highlight new potential for their use as tracers in subsurface environments.

Advisor: Barry, P
Lawson, M
Ballentine, C