VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Canada and the reconstruction of the international economy, 1941-1947

When Canadian policy makers in WWII reflected upon the events of the preceding thirty years, they remembered chaos, devastation, and strife: in little more than a generation, the world had twice been plunged into war and had been ravaged by a ferocious economic depression. The present war offered the chance to design a postwar order that would prevent the repetition of the mistakes of the past. So palpable was the sense of possibility that Deputy Minister of Finance W. C. Clark was moved to exclaim in December 1943: " Surely, we cannot afford to be defeatist! Surely two world wars in a quarter century must have taught this generation something! Surely they must at last have taught us that 'if we are to survive', we must seek to unleash against our common peacetime problems all the resources of the human mind and the human heart which, when applied to the problems of war, have resulted as we know in accomplishments little short of the miraculous! 1" Canadians had concluded that the world's problems could not be avoided by remaining aloof, as they had attempted to do during the interwar period, and were determined to help build a better world. This thesis examines Canada's role in the reconstruction of the international economy from 1941 to 1947. Canadian policy makers believed that a multilateral liberalized global economy was in the best interests of their nation, and the world as a whole, and did all they could to help rebuild the postwar international economy along these lines. Along the way, they made a significant contribution to the reconstruction process: Canadian experts helped found the IMF and Word Bank; Canada loaned the UK $1.25 billion to facilitate an early return to sterling convertibility; Canadian officials contributed to the creation of the GATT and ITO. The international economic institutions that resulted from seven years of effort did not always match Canadian expectations, but they did represent a good beginning. 1National Archives of Canada, RG19/3391/04747P-13, "Address by W. C. Clark given before the Institute of Post-War Reconstruction, New York University, on December 15th, 1943".
An electrochemical investigation of mass transfer in a pipe and a simplified bifurcation model

A novel technique was used to fabricate nickel flow models of a straight pipe and a Y-bifurcation. These were used to obtain integral mass transfer coefficients by the electrochemical technique with the ferri-ferrocyanide system at Reynolds numbers ranging from 250 to 8600, at the four Schmidt numbers of 1310, 2470, 3100 and 5655. For the straight pipe, good agreement was obtained with previously reported mass transfer correlations. As the Schmidt number increased, the effect of transition from laminar to turbulent flow on mass transfer was delayed to progressively higher Reynolds numbers. With the Y-bifurcation model, possible flow separation and the formation of a new mass transfer boundary layer in the daughter branches significantly influence the mass transfer behavior. The electrochemical technique has been used to obtain transient mass transfer coefficients for smooth pipes. In contrast to the analytical solution of the corresponding heat transfer problem, two distinct transient periods are observed. The first is controlled by chemical reaction kinetics at the surface, followed by the diffusion-controlled period in agreement with the heat transfer solution. The transfer rate for laminar flow is then proportional to (D/t)1/2, in accordance with Higbie's penetration theory. In turbulent flow, the transient mass transfer rate, during the second transient period, is proportional to Re1/4(D/t)1/2, higher than in laminar flow. The laser photochromic tracer method provided velocity and wall shear stress values in the plane of symmetry of a UV-transparent Plexiglas bifurcation model similar to that used in the mass transfer experiments at Reynolds numbers 500, 600, and 750. A novel copper electrodeposition technique has been used to obtain time-averaged convective local mass transfer coefficients in a straight pipe and a simplified bifurcation model. Laminar flow results for the pipe are in good agreement with the analytical Leveque solution. In the bifurcation, higher mass transfer coefficients along the inner wall and lower ones along the outer wall were observed. Both coefficients converge towards the same value further downstream. Within the branches, mass transfer and wall shear stress follow similar patterns both on the inner and outer walls. It was found that StSc2/3 and Cf/2 demonstrate analogous behavior. The lower transfer phenomena, both momentum and mass, along the outer wall of the branches are coincident with the localization of atherosclerotic lesions and arterial plaques.
Insider trading

In the thesis, the jurisprudential aspect of the problem of insider trading have been examined and critical comparative study of the statutory provisions in U.S.A., Canada and India made. Chapter One made it clear that the rules of equity provide some solutions to the problem of insider trading, but they are both fragmentary and insufficient. Therefore, if insider trading is to be effectively proscribed, then this aim can only be accomplished by statutory provisions. The last two decades have witnessed the emergence of writings, vigorously defending the practice. In the Chapter Two, it is seen that the strengths of the contributions costs of insider trading both real and potential outweigh its cognizable and ascertainable benefits. Isolating the inadequacies in the case for deregulation does not establish the case for regulation by public ordering, and for this more positive arguments are required. Chapter Three lays down three rationales for regulating insider trading. In Chapter Four, the statutory provisions of insider trading found in U.S.A. federal securities laws, Ontario Securities Act in Canada and in India have been critically examined and suggestions made for improving the provisions.
Variable frequency current density imaging

Current density imaging (CDI) is a technique in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which the MR imager is used to produce a spatial map of the electric current density in a subject. Typically, the current is externally applied. Variable frequency current density imaging (VF-CDI) is a new CDI technique in which the frequency of the externally applied current is not restricted to a single fixed frequency as in previous CDI techniques. This thesis describes the theory of VF-CDI and an implementation of the VF-CDI technique on a clinical MR imager. A series of experiments were performed using this implementation and the results are presented and analyzed. The results of the experiments confirm the theoretical predictions of VF-CDI and show that there are a number of limitations to the technique. The performance of VF-CDI is compared to other CDI techniques and some suggestions for improvements to the technique are made.
Explaining knowledge use among clients of the Program Training & Consultation Centre

The central question this research answered was ' What factors account for variation in knowledge use following receipt of service from the Ontario Tobacco Strategy's Program Training and Consultation Centre ' ('PTCC')? Its intent was to extend understanding of theoretical constructs related to knowledge utilisation in the context of health promotion. A review indicated that relatively little systematic effort has examined how health promoters use research and that existing research had used a limited set of variables to explain health promotion research use. A framework from education (Cousins & Leithwood, 1993) provided an opportunity to test an expanded range of variables in public health. The framework consists of variable domains related to (a) the Source and Information, (b) the Setting for Improvement and (c) Interactive Processes. Study 1 consisted of a structured telephone interview of 181 health unit staff (86% response rate) listed as PTCC clients in the past year. The survey sought respondent perceptions about the intervention using quantitative measures of variables derived from the SOURCE AND INFORMATION domain. Principal components analysis identified conceptual (CKU e.g., learning) and instrumental (IKU e.g., decision-making) uses of knowledge. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated two factors (intervention intensity and quality) contributed to explain 11% of the variance in CKU. For IKU, the factors intervention quality, complexity and trialability explained 9% of the variance. Study 2 consisted of in-depth interviews at one high-use and one low-use health unit. Sixteen staff responsible for tobacco education or enforcement described their knowledge use in terms of all three domains of the framework. Interactive processes were most central to CKU and IKU. However, variables from the Information source and Setting domains also played important roles in explaining knowledge use. Results were explained in terms of developing communities of practice. Future research should refine measurement, clarify the meaning and application of evidence-based practice and examine how to improve collaboration of research producers and users. Both studies confirmed that overall knowledge use following PTCC services is relatively high. Despite this, public health should explore ways to enhance the quality of knowledge use by increasing amount and quality of interaction among staff.
Numerical modeling of sootblower jet flow between superheater platens in a kraft recovery boiler

Sootblowers are used to control fireside deposit accumulation in kraft recovery boilers. A sootblower produces high-velocity steam jets which impinge on deposits and remove them from heat transfer tube surfaces. How the jet interacts with deposits and tubes is not well understood. Since direct measurement of sootblower jet flow characteristics in a kraft recovery boiler is difficult, a numerical model has been developed to simulate a sootblower jet as it propagates between two platens and interacts with deposits. The numerical model was first used to simulate a scaled laboratory air jet exerted on a deposit. The numerical results were validated by the experimental data. The model was subsequently used to simulate a full-scale sootblower jet under recovery boiler conditions. It shows that the deposit removal efficiency of a sootblower is a strong function of the distance between the nozzle and deposit, pressure, and deposit height.
Parenting, child regulation, and child functioning, tests of mediator and moderator models

In this study, observed patterns of child regulation (emotional and attentional) were examined as mediators or moderators of the relationships between parenting (sensitivity and harshness) and child functioning (social competence and problem behaviour). Participants were 88 target children (47 boys, 41 girls; 'M' age = 5 years, 9 months) and their parents (79 mothers, 9 fathers) from a normative sample. Fifty-two of the 88 parent-child dyads also brought a peer for the target child to play with during the social competence task. The peers included 28 boys ('M' age = 5 years, 10 months) and 24 girls ('M' age = 5 years, 9 months). Child regulation was coded from designated episodes of a graduated cognitive challenge task (Miller, 1995). Parent sensitivity and harshness were coded from videotapes of parents assisting their children with a building task. Social competence was coded from videotapes of target child behaviour during the peer-teaching task. Parent perceptions of problem behaviour were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (Achenbach, 1991). Baron and Kenny's (1986) model was used as a guide to examine relations amongst parenting, child regulation and child functioning. Results from hierarchical multiple regressions show that parent sensitivity was significantly and positively associated with both child emotion and attention regulation. The relationship between parent sensitivity and child social competence was partially mediated by child attention regulation. In addition, child emotion regulation was a marginal moderator of the relationship between harsh parenting and child externalizing behaviour. Overall, effect sizes were in the small ('r' = .10) to medium ('r' = .30) range. Future directions for longitudinal and clinical research are discussed.
A local processor for improving the accuracy of automated DNA sequencing

Electrophoresis-based automated identification of the Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid (DNA) sequence provides a means of detecting variations in the DNA of an organism at the nucleotide level. Accurate detection of these variations and the DNA sequence, in general, are limited by statistical variations in the DNA time-series and overlap of adjacent peaks due to limited resolution. In this thesis, a local maximum likelihood processor (L-DNA), which is based on a statistical model of the DNA time-series is developed. The L-DNA poor generates a finite set of hypothesized sequences. For each hypothesized sequence, model parameters estimated from the observed waveform are used to evaluate the likelihood of the hypothesized sequence being consistent with the observed waveform. The hypothesis with the highest likelihood is selected as the local sequence in the observed region. The performance of the L-DNA processor is evaluated using both simulated and real DNA data. Simulations show that in low resolution regions of the DNA data, which are observed towards the end of a sequencing run, the probability of error for the proposed processor is two orders of magnitude smaller than the commonly used Jansson-van Cittert iterative deconvolution method. The robustness of the processor is illustrated by sequentially extending the read length of a fragment of DNA sequence. The ability of the processor to detect heterozygous sites and partial mutation sites in low resolution regions is illustrated using 30 segments of DNA data where the proportion of the wild and mutant types is artificially controlled. The L-DNA processor correctly identifies 80% of the data, while a commercial base-calling program correctly detects only 33% of the data. It should be noted that the commercial base-calling program is specifically designed for the sequencer that was used to acquire the above mentioned data. The L-DNA processor provides a measure of confidence for each hypothesized sequence. This measure can be used to significantly reduce the amount of human intervention needed to edit results of automated DNA sequencing system in clinical applications.
Dry passivation studies of GaAs(110) surfaces by Gallium Oxide thin films deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma reactive molecular beam epitaxy for optoelectronic device applications

This study introduces a novel method for surface passivation that addresses the inherent problems of GaAs-based optoelectronic devices. Performance and reliability of these devices, when insufficiently passivated, are often limited by excessive non-radiative recombination due to a high density of surface states in the forbidden gap. These surface states originate from the accumlation of elemental Arsenic and AsGa antisites in the near-surface region, owing to decomposition of Arsenic Oxides, and/or from increased surface disorder. This problem is addressed by depositing a nanometer-thick layer of Gallium Oxide on clean GaAs, and improves upon existing technology by using high purity sources in an ECR-MBE deposition process, significantly reducing contamination and surface damage, respectively. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra show an enhancement in luminescence efficiency by greater than an order of magnitude, which is corroborated by low temperature spectra that show reductions in specific mid gap recombination channels. This enhancement is the result of reduced surface state density made possible by the hydrogen passivation of EL2 defects, and from the smooth, stoichiometric, thermodynamically stable Gallium Oxide thin film overlayer that prevents Arsenic Oxide formation.
The anatomy of the text form, dialogical-meaning vs. communicative-meaning

This thesis explores a historically specific human activity, reading/writing-activity, expended on the production of texts that have become the repositories of objectified meanings. Michel Foucault in a series of books delineates the sphere of discursive practices as an independent phenomenon and places Karl Marx's work, which provides an analysis and explication of the social organization of production, among other strands of discursive practices. While Foucault engages in a descriptive account of discursive practices, which have their own law of formation, Dorothy Smith provides a sociological analysis that employs a Marxist-feminist methodology to explicate their workings. Smith's inquiries into the text-mediated and text-constituted practices of contemporary societies discover text as the 'cell' of the social organization of discursive practices. Drawing on Smith's observation that texts are necessarily read and written in actual sites and in time, I further specify how reading/writing-activity becomes the sole source of meaning production in contemporary societies.
The effects of guided imagery exercises on perceived academic self-efficacy

In this study, the effects of guided imagery exercises on self-identified low achieving postsecondary students' perceived academic self-efficacy (PASS) were examined, as well as its effects on study skills and anxiety. Also examined was whether participants with high imagery ability (i.e., ability to have vivid, controllable imagery) would be better able to enhance PASE through imagery and relaxation exercises than low imagery ability participants. One hundred and four participants were randomly assigned by class to an imagery, a relaxation, or a comparison group. Participants in all groups identified self-limiting academic beliefs and discussed study skills. Relaxation and imagery participants were taught and encouraged to use diaphragmatic breathing, autosuggestion, and relaxing imagery. Imagery participants also imagined successfully coping with academic situations in which they presently had doubts, whereas relaxation participants also engaged in a muscle relaxation exercise. Weekly, participants estimated their PASE using an adaptation of Bandura, Adams, and Beyer's (1977) procedure. At pre- and posttreatment, participants completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI)(Weinstein, Schulte, & Palmer, 1987) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1968). Imagery ability was assessed through the Questionnaire on Imagery Control (Lane, 1976). Imagery participants had significantly larger increases in PASE magnitude than comparison participants ('p' < .001) and higher pretreatment-corrected posttreatment PASE strength than relaxation participants ('p' = .009). The comparison group had significantly lower pretreatment-corrected posttreatment PASS strength than the combined relaxation and imagery groups ('p' <.001). Imagery participants had significantly lower pretreatment-corrected posttreatment anxiety ('p' = .004) than comparison participants. The treatment groups did not significantly differ on study skill use. Finally, more high imagery ability participants enhanced PASE magnitude than low ability participants ('p' = .042). However, ability groups did not significantly differ on PASE strength. Considering the imagery participants' success in enhancing PASE and lowering anxiety, guided imagery may have considerable promise as an academic tool. The importance of imagery ability received less support.
The determinants of global tropical deforestation

This thesis develops an econometric model of global tropical deforestation with special attention to problems in earlier studies related to hypothesizing the effect of explanatory variables, deforestation data, and estimation techniques. The issue of hypothesis testing is addressed by hypothesizing that different underlying causes used to develop a theoretical deforestation model may have both positive and negative effects on deforestation, the net effect of which will vary in different circumstances. The data problem is dealt with by categorizing the deforestation data. Multinomial logistic regression results, used to address some of the estimation issues, are compared with those from OLS and binary logistic regression methods. Multinomial logistic regression was found to be more informative than the other two approaches. While growth in population, agriculture, and road construction caused deforestation in high deforesting countries, debt service growth replaces population growth as the cause of deforestation in countries experiencing medium deforestation levels.
The Costa Rican Catholic Church, social justice, and the rights of workers, 1979-1996

This thesis investigates the Costa Rican Catholic Church and the various forms its 'pastoral obrera' (workers' pastorate) took in the period from 1979 to 1996. Church officials' words and actions are assessed in relation to the rights of workers narrowly defined (e.g., the right to strike and the right to form labour organizations) and in relation to social justice issues more broadly conceptualized (e.g., inequity in the social structure, models of social change, etc.). Specifically, the positions of four Church entities are examined: the Costa Rican Episcopal Conference (CECOR) as it is led by Archbishop Arrieta; the Centro Coordinador de Evangelización y Realidad Social (CECODERS); the Escuela Social Juan XXIII (ESJ23); and the official Church in Limón. The complex interactions between several variables are analyzed throughout the thesis. Significant in the historical context is the early 1980s socio-economic crisis in Costa Rica, along with the neo-liberal government reactions to the crisis and subsequent eruptions of popular discontent in the country. The relationship between two competing forms of labour organization, the union movement ('sindicalismo') and the solidarity movement (' solidarismo'), is also considered. The needs of the Church as an institution in a politically and culturally competitive environment are critically evaluated, as are the various "conservative" and "liberationist" expressions of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) emanating from the Vatican, Latin America, and Costa Rica. This latter analysis is crucial since many scholars treat the CST tradition as either invulnerable to challenge or as inherently facilitative of justice for workers. Overall, the thesis contends that Mons. Arrieta (and CECOR) and the ESJ23 are exemplars of conservative Catholicism on workers' and social justice issues, because they share a functionalist perspective on society, an emphasis on harmony and on social change through peaceful reform, and a bias for ' solidarismo'. In contrast, CECODERS and the official Limón Church are liberationist in orientation, as indicated by their conflictual analyses of reality, their support for grassroots and even confrontational movements for social change, and their bias for 'sindicalismo'. Institutional variables help to explain the relative extremism of the ESJ23 and of the Limón Church on the conservative-liberationist continuum.