VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of lead in modern seafloor hydrothermal systems

Polymetallic sulphide mineralization occurs in various modern seafloor tectonic settings in association with hydrothermal systems. As an ore forming metal, Pb is an integral component of these deposits. Leaching of the volcanic pile and direct contributions from the parent magma are the two possible mechanisms leading to the concentration of Pb in hydrothermal deposits. Pb concentrations in melt inclusions from 9 study sites indicate enrichment in back-arc basin magmas with respect to magmas from other, non arc tectonic settings. Basalt-hosted melt inclusions from the Okinawa back-arc have >1.5 ppm Pb (average of 3.1 ppm, n=13) while basalt-hosted inclusions from all other non-back-arc sites have <1.5 ppm Pb (with some exceptions). Dacite-hosted inclusions from the Manus Basin and Bransfield back-arcs average 5.2 ppm (n=17) and 6.6 ppm (n=15) Pb respectively. Analyses of altered volcanic material underlying the PACMANUS hydrothermal field (Manus Basin) indicate a 200 in thick Pb-enriched zone within a non-sulphide mineral assemblage. Pb concentrations in the enriched zone is >5.6 ppm, the average Pb content of fresh PACMANUS dacites, signifying that the process of leaching by exposure to hydrothermal fluids is heterogenous within the volcanic pile. Fluids may be stripping Pb from one zone and accumulating it in another reducing the overall volume of volcanic rock that can act as a source for Pb in the main polymetallic deposits. Mass balance modeling of the PACMANUS system demonstrates that for a stationary reaction zone, unrealistically high leaching, transport and precipitation efficiencies would be needed to account for the Pb in the sulphide and non-sulphide deposits. Even when accounting for migration of the reaction zone (dynamic model) to expose larger amounts of fresh volcanic material, the required volumes of fresh rock remain high. Modeling of the availability of Pb in the PACMANUS magmatic source, and of the ability of this Pb to be transferred effectively into the hydrothermal system through pre-eruptive degassing, demonstrates the viability of direct magmatic contributions. Large variations in hydrothermal discharge rates and the longevity of activity have a limited effect on the overall potential for a degassed magmatic component to be the main metal source for the Pb-rich deposits.
Reasons for, challenges and consequences of raising a child in a second language: A case study on Anglophone parents raising their children in French

This Master's thesis focuses on a case study of Anglophone parents using French in their parenting relationship with their children in the area of Ottawa-Gatineau, with the purpose of understanding their reasons for, challenges and consequences of using their second language with their children. Data were collected from nine families, eight of whom are in linguistically mixed marriages, through semi-structured interviews and observed interactions. Results demonstrated that in most cases, participants felt that the main reason they chose to speak French first was based on their belief that Ottawa is an essentially Anglophone city; in order to become bilingual, some special efforts are required in the acquisition and practice of French. The immediate challenges, such as lack of French language support in the community, and long-term consequences, for example, improvement in the Anglophone parent's proficiency, varied from family to family.

Keywords: French language, Study and teaching
French language, Canada
Language acquisition, Parent participation
Language acquisition, Canada
Bilingualism, Canada
Parent and child, Canada
Parents, Language
Parents, Canada
Emotion matters in educational leadership: examining the unexamined

This thesis is a concerted attempt to understand the emotional dimension of leaders' and teachers' experiences of educational leadership. It employs an interpretivist perspective using qualitative data gathering methods in two phases. The recollections of 50 Ontario teachers were studied from transcribed interviews about their positive and negative emotional experiences with administrators. In the second phase, over a seven-month period, 25 school leaders from New Zealand, Australia, the United States, Canada, England and Ireland logged into an anonymous, asynchronous, private, online forum to discuss the emotional dimension of their leadership experiences. Findings from the teachers' phase of the study were shared with the online leaders, providing a direct link between the two data sources. All data were analyzed using grounded theory techniques and where sample sizes would allow, were submitted to a supplementary statistical analysis for further descriptive and interpretive purposes. For the teacher data, the first level of analysis considers domains of convergence and concern: career, students, leadership style/type and emotional climate, organizational procedures, colleagues and parents. The second level of analysis considers leader provocations in conjunction with teachers' emotional inferences and generated three categories: respect, care and professional support. The third level of analysis considers communication patterns: medium and level of engagement. The findings help to reveal the causes, configurations and consequences of leaders' emotional significance in teachers' working lives. The leader data are considered under two broad categories: ‘leaders and others’ and ‘leaders and the self’. Patterns of conflicting pressures from a variety of sources put strains on the leaders' self and are associated with both the problems and the positive potential in relationships with teachers and others. Additionally, the online experience had transformational effects for the leaders. An incipient theoretical framework of emotional epistemologies is proposed. The thesis underscores the emotional and professional value of creating safe spaces for leaders to consider together, the emotional dimension of their work. Implications for theory, research, policy and practice are discussed.

Keywords: School supervision
School management and organization
Educational leadership
Teacher-principal relationships
Organizational behavior
Teachers, Job satisfaction
Interpersonal relations
Modeling biodegradation of halogenated acetic acids in drinking water treatment

Halogenated acetic acids formed during the disinfection of drinking water have been found to be degradable during biological filtration and in distribution systems. Previous studies have shown varying results concerning the ability of microorganisms to degrade individual disinfection by-products (DBPs). Knowledge of the biological removal of these compounds is necessary to ensure the accuracy of empirical models in predicting concentrations of biodegradable disinfection by-products, such as haloacetic acids. This study examined the ability of a microbial innoculum collected from a water treatment plant to degrade six haloacetic acids. All but trichloroacetic acid could be degraded when exposed to a biofilm. The order of degradability under this study was found to be monobromo- > monochloro- > bromochloro- > dichloro- > dibromo- > trichloro-acetic acid. Simple one-dimensional mathematical biofilm models were applied to experimental data in order to estimate Monod kinetic constants for the biological degradation of haloacetic acids.
Biogeochemical and geomorphological controls on mercury dynamics in a macrotidal salt marsh, Bay of Fundy, Canada

Salt marsh biogeochemistry is generally dominated by sulfur transformations, and sulfate-reducing bacteria have been implicated as primary methylators of mercury (Hg). Some salt marshes have been shown to support high methylmercury (MeHg) production rates that may have adverse effects on biota, however little is known about the Hg dynamics of macrotidal salt marshes that dominate the important Bay of Fundy ecoregion in Canada. This study's aim is to provide a preliminary assessment of the distribution of, and controls on, sediment and pore water MeHg concentrations in a salt marsh heavily influenced by macrotidal activity in New Brunswick, Canada. Concentrations of bulk and dissolved total mercury (THg), MeHg, sulfate, sulfide, iron and chloride were determined along a geomorphic gradient and along the estuarine salinity gradient. THg and MeHg concentrations were frequently less than those found in the adjacent estuary, except in localized areas, suggesting a potentially important role for salt marshes.
Adaptation to intermittent restraint stress ameliorates hyperglycemia in ZDF rats by reducing hyperphagia, delaying beta-cell decompensation, and attenuating HPA hyperactivity

Hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis occurs in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), and is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and beta-cell function. Chronic stress is assumed to play a role in this HPA hyperactivity, despite the fact that human studies do not directly examine the effect of chronic stress on development of T2DM. We hypothesized that chronic intermittent restraint stress of male ZDF rats, a model of T2DM, would accelerate development of diabetes. Although acute restraint stress initially induced hyperglycemia, chronic intermittent stress surprisingly delayed development of fed and fasting hyperglycemia, without affecting glucose tolerance. Intermittent stress lowered food intake by 5-20% through a pathway that does not alter arcuate nucleus NPY and POMC mRNA expression. To distinguish between the effects of reduced food intake and of stress per se, diet restricted/pair fed rats were studied. Intermittent stress delayed development of fed and fasting hyperglycemia in part through reduced food intake, but surprisingly also by food intake independent mechanisms. Primarily through the stress-induced reduction in food intake, intermittent stress maintained basal hyperinsulinemia and partially maintained beta-cell mass through beta-cell hyperplasia. Plasma lipidemia and adiposity did not appear to play a role in the delay of hyperglycemia. Interestingly, along with the delay of hyperglycemia, diet restriction and intermittent stress reduced central drive on the HPA axis. Intermittent stress further reduced basal hypercorticosteronemia compared to diet restriction, likely through improving hippocampal glucocorticoid feedback. Multiple regression analysis showed that basal corticosterone could predict sim;20% of the variation in glycemia, which may explain the food intake independent delay of hyperglycemia by intermittent stress. In summary, in ZDF rats, intermittent restraint stress reduces hyperphagia, which maintains adequate beta-cell compensation and reduces central drive on the HPA axis. Independent of food intake, intermittent stress further delays hyperglycemia, presumably via adaptations in the HPA axis that prevent the hypercorticosteronemia caused by reduced food intake. These results suggest that instead of playing a causal role for the hyperactive HPA axis in T2DM, chronic stress may instead delay the deterioration in glucose homeostasis and ameriorate HPA hyperactivity.
The geography of neighbourhood based collective action: a flyvbjergian perspective on school closings in Toronto

This thesis explores the reciprocal nature of planning decisions and neighbourhood based collective action within the context of public elementary school closures in Toronto. Based on a Flyvbjergian perspective, it is argued that in order to understand the true nature of civil society it is important to distinguish between rationality and power; democratic purposes and actual practices; enlightenment and anti-enlightenment ideals. Flyvbjerg's framework is supplemented by a geographical perspective whereby it is argued that the neighbourhod is at the crux of how democracy reinvents itself as it is the underlying ‘local level’ dynamics within this unit that acts as a potential catalyst for broader social/economic change. The thesis consists of four sections. First, Flyvbjerg's conceptualization of civil society is explored; theories of collective action are reviewed; and a neighbourhood approach presented. Second, using content analysis of various public documents, the education reform between 1995–2000 is traced to set the background context. The third section forms the core of the thesis whereby the latent power of civic agency is defined and measured based on Putnam and Epstein's framework on social capital. Using GIS and statistical techniques (factor analysis, multiple regression and logistic regression) the relationship between civic agency and neighbourhood structure is then explored using school profile data from the TDSB and geocoded census information from Cities Lab data base. The designation of schools at risk (in 1998) is then empirically tested on the basis of neighbourhood variants of rationality and power. The results reveal the political and technical nature of planning decisions. The fourth section describes the process of schools closures that followed 1998, based on participant observation of public meetings. The spatial disjunctures of power reveal the positive and negative consequences of collective action. The conclusion discusses the values and limitations of using a Flyvbjergian perspective.
Post-early Cretaceous MVT zinc-lead mineralisation, Bongara area, northern Peru: Fluid characteristics and constraints on deposition mechanisms

Thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) was probably the principal H 2S production mechanism for metal precipitation as indicated by: (1) delta 34S values of sulphides from -13.7 to +19.3 V-CDT; (2) the presence of evaporite-bearing horizons in the Triassic and Jurassic formations of the Pucara Gp., and (3) fluid inclusion homogenization temperature data. The sources of sulphate were probably Late Cretaceous seawater and also evaporite-bearing rocks of the Mid-Late Triassic and Late Jurassic. A comparison with twelve other MVT deposits/districts suggests that: (1) the most important metal precipitation mechanism in MVT systems appears to be TSR; (2) mixing between organic matter-derived H2S and ore fluids may be the next most important mechanism; and (3) carbonate associated with TSR usually has delta13C values typical of inorganic marine carbonate. The delta13C values of dolomite in the Bongara area ( -3.2 to +1.9 PDB) indicate a predominant inorganic carbon source. Mineralization in the Bongara area, hosted by late Triassic-Jurassic carbonate rocks, shows definite similarities to Mississippi Valley type (MVT) systems worldwide. In the paragenetic sequence there are two dolomite types: early, pre-ore dolomite (D1), and late dolomite (D2). Fluid inclusions in dolomite and sphalerite are characteristic of MVT systems (78--187 0C; 15--23 wt% CaCl2 equivalent). The cathodoluminescence (CL) characteristics of carbonates correlate over 60 km, indicating a regional scale, interconnected hydrothermal system. CL observations indicate that D1 dolomite has no zonation, whereas D2 dolomite is characterized by four growth zones: D2-a, -b, -c and -d. The D2-b zone is closely associated with sphalerite and galena. Fluid inclusions in dolomite show a temperature decrease from north to south. Electron microprobe analysis shows a trend of lower Fe, Mn and Ca and higher Mg contents in D2-dolomite in the southern location, which also has some more enriched delta18O values than the northern and central locations. These variations suggest that a general southward regional hydrothermal fluid flow was responsible for mineralization in the Bongara area; the depth is estimated at 2000--3000 m. Fluid flow is interpreted to have been related to the Peruvian orogenic event (Late Cretaceous) in northern Peru/Ecuador.
Western education and modernization in a Buddhist village of Bangladesh: a case study of the Barua community

Through a case study of a Buddhist village in the southeastern part of Bangladesh, this research examines the issues of Western education and modernization within the socio-political context of Bangladesh. This study exclusively focuses on the Barua community. It adopts an anti-colonial discursive framework. This framework offers both theoretical and practical responses to the issues of education and modernization. The anti-colonial approach acknowledges the value of local knowledge, cultural history and the daily life experiences of the people in understanding social reality. The research participants confirmed that the education they received is contradictory to the Buddhist culture and traditions. They reflected that the Buddhist educational values are different from the Western educational values. Furthermore, the participants mentioned that Buddhist education advocates the principles of compassion and generosity for the welfare of all creatures. It does not believe in domestication. The participants also stated that this scheme towards massive modernization tends to disconnect the Barua community from the practice of Buddhist ethics. They pointed out that the Western form of education pulled community members away from their own social environment and economy. This education created an image of Western materialistic ways of life as well as forced them to adopt the views of the dominant power in the name of modernization. The restoration of Buddhist ethics and educational values in the country is a great challenge for the minority Barua community. It was observed that their political representation was absent at the national level, although community resistance for social identity and cultural rights existed within the case study village.

Keywords: Education, Western influences
Education, Bangladesh
Education, Bangladesh
Buddhism and education
Connecting bioinformatics analysis to scientific practice: an integrated information behaviour and task analysis approach

The advent of bioinformatics has significantly impacted biomedical research, with the need for scientists to become proficient in bioinformatics analysis. However, research has not considered how to make these complex resources accessible to laboratory scientists. There were common characteristics in the approaches to bioinformatics analysis. Participants used a series of resources in a step-wise approach. Their information seeking was very focussed and directed, with no browsing or exploration. The study followed a qualitative approach, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and web-based surveys. Twenty bioinformatics experts described the bioinformatics analysis process they each followed to conduct a functional analysis of a gene. The individual approaches were merged into a single, consensus protocol, which was validated by both the original participants, and a new cohort of eighteen additional experts. The consensus protocol describes a series of fourteen analytical steps, linked in three alternate sequences. Each step provides details of the analysis, including: rationale, input/output data, tools used, and interpretation of the results. The protocol provides a connection between a series of bioinformatics analyses, and the application of the findings to solve a scientific problem. This is a departure from traditional bioinformatics research focussed on the details of one particular type of analysis. This research contributes to bioinformatics by linking bioinformatics analysis to solving a scientific problem, and to information science by explicitly linking information use to an information task. One goal of this research was to understand, within a framework of information behaviour and task analysis, the application of bioinformatics analysis to a specific scientific problem, that of conducting a functional analysis of a gene. The other was to examine the relationship between information behaviour and task. The integration of information behaviour and task analysis approaches provides a powerful means for studying information tasks, with the information behaviour approach providing a rich, broad, high level picture of the information environment, and task analysis providing the direct link to the objective or goal for which information is needed and sought. This novel approach for information science research provides an approach for explicitly studying how information is used to accomplish a goal.

Keywords: Bioinformatics
Motivational decision-making and violence in forensic psychiatric inpatients: A neurobiological perspective of aggression

This study provides initial empirical support for a novel neurobiological decision-making model proposed by Nussbaum (2005), as it applies to an aggression typology (Nussbaum, Saint-Cyr Bell, 1997). The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Bechara, Damasio, Damasio and Anderson, 1994) was analyzed for forensic inpatients using the traditional method of scoring, and a novel method developed by Yechiam, Buserneyer, Stout and Bechara (2005) which provides scores for three separate aspects of decision-making (attentional, learning and response-choice consistency). The Predatory aggression group had the worst performance on the IGT based on traditional scoring, indicating poor decision-making skills in the face of immediately available motivational cues. Irritable and Delusional Defensive aggression groups, likely reflecting cognitive impairment, scored well below normal at around chance levels. Further, real-life decision-making, as manifested by individual criminal histories and institutional misbehaviour, was best predicted from IGT scores based on the final three blocks of the task.
New directions for anti-oppression practice in feminist social service agencies

This research explores ideas about how to build feminist social service agencies that successfully operate with integrated anti-oppression frameworks. The major purpose of the research is to develop ideas about how to improve the anti-oppression work being done in feminist agencies. As such, the emphasis is on exploring concrete strategies for organizational change. The goal of this project is to identify the challenges in implementing anti-oppression work in feminist agencies and to suggest some possible ways forward. Research findings are organized into three broad areas. First some critical issues with the use of the anti-oppression model itself are explored. Second, the focus is on internal agency processes and dynamics to illuminate various factors which help and hinder the successful implementation of anti-oppression practice in feminist agencies. Strategies for organizational change are suggested. Third, the external environment within which feminist agencies are situated is examined, focusing on how this larger context impacts and affects the anti-oppression work that takes place within the agency system. The dissertation concludes with a discussion which integrates the learning from all three areas and builds a theoretical model which provides an explanation for the challenges involved in implementing anti-oppression work in feminist agencies. It is argued that agency anti-oppression work tends to be conceptualized in a way that de-contextualizes the processes being explored. This conceptualization of the problem fails to focus sufficient attention on exploring how factors beyond the walls of individual agencies impact and affect what happens inside and between agencies and the necessary interventions that are needed beyond individual agency boundaries. These findings suggest a new conceptualization of both the nature and the scope of anti-oppression work within the context of feminist agencies.