VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
European unity and the discourse of collaboration, France and francophone Belgium, 1938-1945

The discourse of pro-Axis collaboration in France and francophone Belgium between 1938 and 1945 centered around the conception of European unity. The collaborators, as well their European visions were quite varied, but could be grouped into three general categories of Europeanist, nationalist, and fascist collaborators, reflecting ideological tendencies inherited from the interwar period. Europeanist collaborators like Marcel Deat, Jean Luchaire, and Raymond De Becker were usually former European federalists who hoped Hitler would create a supranational European order embodying many of their prewar socialist ideals. Nationalist collaborators like Marshal Petain, Alexandre Galopin, and Robert Poulet viewed collaboration with Germany in terms of the national interest in a manner that minimized European sentiments, regarding the New Order as an alliance of sovereign fatherlands. Fascist collaborators like Jacques Doriot and Leon Degrelle conceived of European unity in terms of solidarity among fascist and Nazi states, each one of which embraced its own variant of what Jose Streel described as the fascist Revolution of the Twentieth Century. The discourse of collaboration altered along with the course of the war itself. The harshness of German rule and the growing hopes that France and Belgium would soon be liberated by the Allies doomed any hope of the collaborators' winning mass support, and Hitler himself had no intention of turning the New Order into a genuine European partnership. Depending more and more on German support, many, but not all, Europeanist and fascist collaborators by 1944 embraced an SS- inspired Euronazism, which envisioned a Germanized Europe organized on a purely racial basis. With the exception of the Milice francaise, those nationalist and even fascist collaborators who preferred a less Nazified vision of European solidarity became politically marginalized. The experience of collaboration was to exert a long-term impact upon the discourse of the postwar extreme right which continued to perpetuate many of the concepts of European unity entertained by the wartime collaborators.
Structural dimensions of the community participation process, the health promotion contribution program

Community participation is an important concept in human service programs, although there is little consensus on its meaning, practice, and requirements, especially in relation to disadvantaged groups. A structural sociological perspective was used in this exploratory study to investigate the relationship between various dimensions of structure (social-cultural, organizational, political-legal-economic) and the community participation process (types of participants, participation strategies, roles and activities, influence and power). Cohen and Uphoff's descriptive framework for the participation process was adapted for use by including elements suggested by a variety of social change theories. The Health Promotion Contribution Program (HPCP) of the Canadian federal government was used as the study focus. Five community health promotion projects which involved disadvantaged persons in the Ontario Region were examined using a comparative case study methodology which utilized in-depth interviews, documents, and secondary sources. Document analysis, within-case analyses, and a comparative cross-case analysis were performed. Analysis revealed relatively low numbers and restricted range of participants; difficulties in recruiting and maintaining participants; declining rates of active participation over time; and, limited target group influence and power. Structural factors in the HPCP and community projects were identified and potential mechanisms for their relationship with the community participation process were posed. Organizational dimension factors (mandates, governance, resource mobilization) had direct influence on these processes, although social-cultural (marginalization) and political-legal-economic factors (bureaucratic practices) also had indirect, but important, influences. Control and operation of projects by target group members, rather than by service agencies, was an important overall factor which allowed community members to achieve active influence in projects. Key issues are discussed in the interpretation of findings: variable purposes for participation; effect of advocacy project objectives; volunteerism and financial incentives for disadvantaged groups; and preconditions for target group influence and power. The study concludes that key structural obstacles from federal and local levels restricted the participation process.
The portrayal of old age in English-Canadian fiction

This thesis deals with the presentation of old age in English-Canadian fiction. The development of Canadian fiction coincided with the time when old age was becoming an issue in society at large. The number of works of Canadian fiction in English began to grow rapidly in the 1960's, just as the number of old people in Canada began to form an increasing part of its population. In Canadian literature, in general, there is a large body of works dealing with the subject of old age. It was thus found necessary to confine this research to the way the ageing process is dealt with in English-Canadian fiction. Cross-references are made to some French-Canadian works and to some English-Canadian poetry. Analogies to other world literatures are made in footnotes which follow the conclusion. The main body of the thesis focuses on certain authors who deal with the ageing process in depth. For example, in Chapter One, "Images of Confinement: Order and Control in the Literature of Old Age", Frederick Philip Grove's presentation of the ageing of the prairie farmer John Elliot in Our Daily Bread (1928) is one of the artistic techniques considered in detail. Other chapters deal with the portrayal of old age and its of resurrection. Aside from Grove, other authors whose work is examined closely include Margaret Laurence, Joan Barfoot, Janette Turner Hospital, Ethel Wilson, Rudy Wiebe, W. O. Mitchell and Jack Hodgins. The above research supports a particular pattern in the study of old age in English-Canadian fiction. This thesis argues that the study of old age in this field suggests a liberating process which is possible in the minds of the aged as death is approached. Elderly protagonists in this genre are, on the whole, portrayed as possessing remarkably strong and vita personaities. Far from the notion of mere 'survival' suggested by Margaret Atwood in Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature (1972), powerful elderly English-Canadian protagonists break away from the confinement of ageing bodies and explore new realities. This work not only builds upon the work of Canadian scholars such as Constance Rooke, but also makes a contribution to the rapidly growing field of literary gerontology in the study of literature in general. Where appropriate, references are made to studies in other disciplines such as psychology and sociology.
In vitro analysis of the microenvironmental regulation of murine B lymphocyte development

B lymphocyte progenitors develop in close association with stromal cells which produce a variety of growth factors required to sustain the maturation of these precursors to the mature B cell stage. In this thesis, I describe the functional activity of two novel stromal-derived growth factors, Flt3 ligand (FL) and TSLP (Thymic Stromal-Derived Lymphopoietin), on developing B cell progenitors. Using an in vitro assay which supports the growth and differentiation of multipotential and bipotential precursors to the LPS responsive stage of B cell development, I have demonstrated that FL has little activity alone but synergizes with IL-11 and IL-7 to support the differentiation of these lineage uncommitted precursors. At the level of single cells, IL-11 + FL + IL-7 can support the differentiation of both macrophages and B lymphocytes from bipotential precursors. FL further synergizes with IL-7 to stimulate the proliferation of a committed population of early pro-B cells. This synergistic effect is most apparent in day 13 fetal liver cells in which the cohort of differentiating B lineage cells are still at the early pro-B cell stage. I have demonstrated that TSLP functions to support the growth and differentiation of committed B cell progenitors. The proliferative response of pro-B cells to TSLP is not as extensive as that of IL-7. However, progenitors stimulated with TSLP differentiate in secondary cultures containing stromal cells as efficiently as pro-B cells stimulated with IL-7. IL-7 responsive pro-B cells cultured in the presence of stromal cells and IL-7 maintain their pro-B cell characteristics and fail to differentiate to the mitogen responsive stage even though stromal cells are present. The removal of IL-7 from these pro-B cell cultures permits differentiation to the small pre-B cell stage. However, surface $\mu\sp+$ B cell progenitors still require stromal cells to become functionally responsive to LPS. The stromal cell-mediated maturation of surface $\mu\sp+$ B cells is contact-dependent. Furthermore, the differentiation of pre-B cells to the mature B cell stage can occur in the absence of IL-7 or stromal cells if B cell progenitors are cultured in close proximity suggesting that homotypic interactions are important in the final stages of B cell differentiation.
Evolution of grain boundary character distributions in FCC and BCC materials

The structures of grain boundaries were characterized within the framework of Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL) model using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM$\sp{\rm TM}).$ The Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) in FCC low stacking fault energy materials susceptible to annealing twinning, showed a preference of $\Sigma 3\sp{\rm n}$ boundaries (where n = 1, 2 and 3). The changes in the distribution of the CSL boundaries during microstructural evolution were found to be influenced by thermomechanical treatments, solute contents, texture and grain size. Moreover, the contribution of twinning to the CSL distribution was further discussed in terms of the 'Twin Limited Microstructure' whereby the frequencies of special grain boundaries $(\Sigma \le 29)$ were found to lie within limits defined by (a) an upper limit based upon twin energetics leading to the creation of additional special grain boundaries, and (b) a lower limit arising from isolated twinning events. The preference for $\Sigma 3\sp{\rm n}$ grain boundaries was attributed to the geometric interaction of twin related variants during grain growth. The role of CSL boundaries in the development of Goss texture in BCC Fe-3% Si alloy was investigated in primary recrystallized specimens and in specimens following the early stages of secondary recrystallization. By utilizing the direct experimental crystallographic orientation determination and the approach of 'Simulation by Hypothetical Nucleus (SH)', it was found that (1) Goss grains do not have the size advantage or occur in clusters in the primary matrix; (2) they have a higher probability of forming low $\Sigma$ CSL boundaries, especially the $\Sigma 5$ coincidence relationships. Furthermore, the experimentally determined 'deficit' of CSL boundaries bounding a growing Goss grain relative to the SH distribution, was rationalized on the basis of preferential replacement of CSL boundaries by general boundaries due to the intrinsic enhanced mobility for low C grain boundaries. Such an interpretation supports the role of CSL boundaries in the development of Goss texture and it is further estimated that the CSLs are on average, 10-20% more mobile than general boundaries during abnormal grain growth in Fe-3% Si alloy.
Writing to Make Meaning or to Learn the Language? A Descriptive Study of Multi-Ethnic Adults Learning Japanese as a Foreign Language

This study was motivated by the epistemological question of what "writing as a mode of learning" means in the context of foreign language instruction. It analyzes how Japanese-as-a-foreign-language (JFL) learners and their teacher dealt with the writing component in a natural instructional setting over a period of two university semesters. The thesis details how this biliterate situation functioned in terms of individual, psychological constructs contingent on the learners' levels of JFL proficiency and their perceptions of JFL writing and learning. In seeking to identify comprehensively a set of educationally-relevant factors that may influence students' learning through writing in JFL, I considered (a) the presage variables in learners' backgrounds and (b) the educational context along with (c) the cognitive processes of writing during the learners' production of JFL compositions and (d) the qualities of their JFL written products. These data were generated through classroom observations, interviews, questionnaires, tape-recordings of think-aloud sessions, and essay assessments, involving 13 multi-ethnic students enrolled in an upper-level JFL literacy course at a major anglophone university in Canada. The data were described, analyzed, and interpreted through the combined use of quantitative and qualitative methods, incorporating a unique statistical technique, dual scaling (Nishisato, 1994). Multiple sources of evidence showed the superior-level and the advanced- and intermediate-level Japanese-proficient speakers demonstrating different patterns of behavior. In general, the former group of students produced essays of better quality in terms of textual and cognitive structural features, and they focused on both semantic and lexico-grammatical components to produce their written discourse, suggesting opportunities for learning about content and language concurrently. In contrast, the Japanese essays written by the latter group of students were constrained in their textual and cognitive structural features, and their primary focus in their production of written discourse was on the lexico-grammatical system, probably limiting their learning to the aspect of language use. The study suggests needs for further research particularly on L2 writing as a metalinguistic activity, L2 writing as a personal construct, and L1-L2 transfer.
Crossing over from student to teacher, negotiating an identity

In this study I use a dialogic process with two student teachers, two of their university teacher educators, and their six cooperating teachers to investigate how student teachers learn to teach. By listening to the voices and analysing the texts of the major participants in the teacher education process, I identify some of the dilemmas that exist in the professional education of teachers. Six paradoxes emerge from the discourse with the student teachers that cause them to feel a loss of control in their search for personal meaning as an emerging teacher. As they consider the contradictions during the preservice program, the student teachers alter their personal expectations and begin to reconceptualize their views of teaching. At the same time, I examine the discourse and practices of the school-based and university-based teacher educators' roles in order to determine how they contribute to or help solve the contradictions which the student teachers encounter. The major finding in this study relates to the value of the dialogic process which the student teachers and teacher educators participated in as part of this research project. The dialogic practice seems to have a profound effect on the student teachers' visions of themselves as teachers. The implications of this inquiry are used to promote ideas for transformation in teacher education.
3-D Seismic Imaging of Complex Structures in Near-Surface Deposits

One of the most important methods of investigating the geological structure of sedimentary rocks is controlled source reflection seismology. Reflection seismology has traditionally focussed largely on petroleum exploration problems, i.e., imaging formations in consolidated sedimentary rocks at depths in the range 0.1-10 km. However, hydrogeological investigations and large engineering enterprises also may require detailed pictures of subsurface structure, but in relatively unconsolidated surficial sediments at typical depths of 3-100 m. If subsurface structures are not too complex, relatively simple two dimensional (2-D) seismic profiling methods can provide detailed cross-sections of the lithological stratigraphy and structure. But, as has been well demonstrated in petroleum exploration, three dimensional (3-D) surveying methods are required to obtain an accurate picture of complex structures. Nowadays, especially in areas of former glaciation, increasing efforts are being placed on using 2-D seismology to obtain detailed images of near-surface geology in connection with groundwater, waste disposal, and engineering projects. But, although results are very gratifying in some respects, the resolution of very local structures by 2-D seismic surveys has been insufficient to identify possible hydrogeological, and engineering problems. It is natural to consider whether 3-D seismic surveying in shallow environment might yield beneficial results similar to those it provides in petroleum seismology (always presuming that survey cost can be restrained). To address this question, I have investigated the imaging capability of 3-D multi-fold high-resolution reflection seismology in near-surface complex deposits and designed a form of three-dimensional seismology suitable for hydrogeological, geotechnical and other similar surficial exploration purposes. A test 3-D survey was carried out successfully and its results surpassed expectations in several ways. The survey was relatively easy to carry out using standard engineering scale seismic equipment and a 3-4 person crew. It provided a cube of stacked data with fairly high dominant frequency ($\sim$300 Hz) covering a subsurface volume of 220 x 220 x 200 meters with a trace bin of 3 x 3 meters. In addition to the reflectivity image, the survey provided a velocity model to $<$100 m depth that assisted greatly in geological identification of the reflectors and was good enough to permit post stack depth migration. Details of the stratigraphy are much more clearly revealed in the 3-D stacked sections than in nearby 2-D sections. Generally, tills are expected to be massive units. However, the 3-D seismic sections show strong, highly continuous, reflectors within the till deposits which are of much greater continuity and extent than has previously been realized. Foreset bedding can be recognized in one of the sedimentary strata. Results indicate that high resolution 3-D seismic surveying can contribute effectively to the detailed hydrogeological and engineering assessment of sites with complex geology.
A British view of some French institutions in the mid-eighteenth-century, from the papers and books of Sir William Mildmay

This thesis is based on the unpublished letters and printed books of the eighteenth-century English lawyer and diplomat, Sir William Mildmay (1705-1771), together with a number of manuscript letters by British government ministers and diplomats, and the printed journals and memoirs of French diarists. From 1748 to 1755 Sir William Mildmay lived in France and his correspondence during these years contains a great deal of information in his observations of aspects of mid-eighteenth-century French society. Since his death, however, the extent of his interests has remained largely unknown, despite the quantity of his manuscripts and published books held in various collections. This thesis is a detailed examination of the information given by Sir William in his manuscripts, his monographs, and his two books. Using these unprinted documents and the printed material, it discusses Sir William's observations and opinions on the mid-eighteenth-century French economy, on the French system of police, on French investment practices and on the constitutional disputes that took place between Louis XV and the Parlement of Paris from 1750 to 1755. It also examines the importance of Sir William Mildmay as an historical source of such data, and discusses the value of his particular perspective as a knowledgeable British observer of French society.
Roughing it in suburbia, reading Chatelaine magazine, 1950-1969

Chatelaine came to dominate its market in the two decades after 1950: roughly 1 in 3 English-Canadian women read the magazine regularly by 1969. Chatelaine was an unique cultural product because it created a community of female readers, editors and writers within the framework of a mass-produced, cultural commodity. The Chatelaine community was united by gender, nationalism and the periodical but was often divided along class, racial, religious and regional lines. This 'community' provided many services and acted as an advisor, friend, entertainer, educator and forum for correspondence. As well Chatelaine played an important role as a disseminator of feminist ideology and women's issues in Canada. In short, Chatelaine was an atypical mass-market women's magazine. This dissertation marries current cultural analysis with social, gender and cultural history to provide a detailed examination of the magazine's content, impact, and relationship with Canadian women. Unlike other studies of women's magazines this work examines the history of the era, the corporate climate, the competitors, the creators, the readership demographics and the text to produce a comprehensive study. A summary and critique of the international historiographical and theoretical literature foregrounds the work. The textual analysis provides a detailed examination of all the magazine's components: editorials, articles, fiction, departmental features (food, fashion, etc.), cover art and advertising. These sections explore the polysemic (or multiple) meanings and readings of the material. Readers' letters form a core part of the study. Thus the voices and thoughts of "real" readers are given priority placement in the analysis of the magazine's content. This correspondence reveals how and why people read Chatelaine. "Roughing it in Suburbia" makes a key contribution to the study of Canadian popular culture, the study of women's cultural products, and the history of second wave feminism in Canada. Equally important it illustrates how consumers of such material activity make meaning, re-fashion, ignore or criticize culture products. Chatelaine's readers were not passive pawns of Maclean Hunter's plans for a profitable cultural commodity but instead, along with the primarily female staff who edited the magazine, were active participants in a Canadian women's cultural community.

Keywords: Women
Press coverage
History
Femmes dans la presse
Histoire