VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Deporting 'Black Britons': portraits of deportation to Jamaica

This thesis explores the life stories of four men who were deported from the UK to Jamaica following interaction with the criminal justice system. All four men, having moved as children, spent roughly half of their lives in the UK. For each of the men, deportation was lived as exile from home – from parents, partners, children and friends – and the thesis provides portraits of their lives in the UK and in Jamaica. In particular, it examines processes of criminalisation, illegalisation and racialisation as they interact to construct deportable subjects. This thesis asks what these life stories can tell us about the relationship between immigration control and racism.
Fieldwork was conducted in Jamaica with deported persons, and in the UK with friends and family members. As such, this is an ethnography of absences and disjunctures. In the ethnographic portraits, themes of illegality, culture, gender, police racism, citizenship, and the legal construction of family life emerge, and reading the portraits together provides a rich account of racism in multi-status Britain. Ultimately, the thesis argues that immigration controls reconfigure race in the present.
Moving from the UK to Jamaica, the thesis argues that borders produce racial meanings at local, national and global scales, because racial hierarchy is intimately connected to citizenship regimes and the differential mobilities they organise. Examining the racial work that borders do provides a historically specific account of race and racism, and one which centres the state. The thesis argues that even the most local of encounters, played out in particular lives, in specific times and places, are connected to the ordering of space, mobility and population through border regimes. It also argues that when challenging citizenship and border regimes, it is essential that we find new ways to theorise kinship.
Based on detailed ethnographic portraits, this thesis provides a wide-ranging intervention into studies of race, migration and citizenship.

Advisor: Anderson, B
Berg, M
Banks, M
Systems of forms in many variables

We consider systems of polynomial equations and inequalities to be solved in integers. By applying the circle method, when the number of variables is large and the system is geometrically well-behaved we give an asymptotic estimate for the number of solutions of bounded size.
In the case of R homogeneous equations having the same degree d, a classic theorem of Birch provides such an estimate provided the number of variables is R(R+1)(d-1)2d-1+R or greater and the system is nonsingular. In many cases this conclusion has been improved, but except in the case of diagonal equations the number of variables needed has always grown quadratically in R.
We give a result requiring only d2dR+R variables, obtaining linear growth in R. When d = 2 or 3 we require only that the system be nonsingular; when d&LT;4 we require that the coefficients of the equations belong to a certain explicit Zariski open set. These conditions are satisfied for typical systems of equations, and can in principle be checked algorithmically for any particular system.
We also give an asymptotic estimate for the number of solutions to R polynomial inequalities of degree d with real coefficients, in the same number of variables and satisfying the same geometric conditions as in our work on equations. Previously one needed the number of variables to grow super-exponentially in the degree d in order to show that a nontrivial solution exists.

Keywords: Hardy-Littlewood method
Forms in many variables
Rational points
Algebraic varieties
Circle method
Quadratic forms
Advisor: Heath-Brown, R
Re-writing Ariadne: following the thread of literary and artistic representations of Ariadne’s abandonment

This thesis takes Ariadne's abandonment as a case study in order to examine the literary processes of reception that underlie the transmission of classical myth in different eras and cultural contexts — from Classical Antiquity through the Italian Renaissance. Rather than focusing on the ways in which visual representations of Ariadne relate to literary treatments, it draws attention to the literary reliance on a cultural framework, shared by writer and reader, that enables dynamic storytelling. It argues that literary variation of the myth is central to its successful transmission, not least because it allows for appropriations and adaptations that can be made to fit new social and religious parameters, such as Christian conventions in the Middle Ages.
In focusing on the important role played by the visual arts in the classical tradition, this research further challenges the still prevalent misconception that the visual arts are secondary to literature, and refutes the common assumption that the relationship between image and text is unidirectional. It highlights the visual impulses leading to paradigm shifts in the literary treatment of the abandonment narrative, and examines the ways in which writers engage with the visual tradition in order to re-shape the ancient narrative. Throughout, attention is drawn to the visual and cultural framework shared by ancient writers and readers, and to the lack of engagement with this framework in traditional classical scholarship. Through its focus on the literary narratives' visuality and mutability, this thesis offers a new paradigm for studying classical myth and its reception.

Keywords: classical myth
image &amp; text
classical reception
Ariadne
Advisor: Elsner, J
Armstrong, R
Fortune and the body: physiognomy in Ming China

This thesis explores the cosmology of physiognomy—a method of telling fortune by inspecting the body and the material world—and its social reception in China in the Ming period. This is accomplished through the analysis of extant manuals as well as stories of fortune-tellers’ practices. I focus on the Ming dynasty, because of their richness of historical evidence and the distinctive features of physiognomy developed in these periods, but also take materials about the Song inherited in the Ming in my analysis. The manuals and the anecdotal evidence on its social practices and practitioners show that during the Song and Ming period Chinese physiognomy became more systematic. Chinese Physiognomists also inspected the material world beyond the human body, and used the human body as a paradigm for the inspections in which the whole material world is seen as ‘homological’ to the body. One of the most representative examples of using this body paradigm to examine material objects is the physiognomy of written characters. In the manuals that deals specifically with the human body, the body is seen as a bridge between society and the cosmos. In this cosmology the human body represents the ‘totality’ of human existence and social life. Because social life is expressed on the body, someone’s fortune can be predicted by examining the body. Different numerological as well as cosmological systems after the Song were subsumed into physiognomy and the body and the cosmos came to be linked in the manuals in a more sophisticated way than before. However, fortune is not seen as totally fixed. Moral cultivation can alter the body and thereby change someone’s fortune. The body is seen in physiognomy as both physical and moral. As a technique, physiognomy is not only systematically theorized in the manuals but also highly socialized. Physiognomy was practiced by very diverse groups of people across various religious and social communities including Buddhist monks, Daoist priests, local literati, and so on. Although a popular technique, which was also linked to many different kinds of medical and religious traditions, physiognomy was still contested, and people with different social backgrounds and personal experiences held different views on it.

Keywords: physiognomy
divination
Chinese philosophy
Fullerenes and their cross-linking in organic and perovskite solar cells

This thesis is concerned with the photo-dimerisation mechanism of C60 in bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) organic solar cells, its effect on device performance and the use of cross-linked fullerenes as electron selective layers (ESL) for perovskite solar cells.
The photo-dimerisation of fullerenes has recently been identified as negatively impacting the stability of BHJs but the process is incompletely understood in BHJs. By employing model systems, we independently study the effects of donor (D) energetics and morphology. We find that for donors forming charge transfer (CT) states much lower in energy than the lowest energy C60 excitons, the dimerisation is suppressed at only 5% D loading. This is in contrast to Ds forming CT states with energies comparable to C60 excitons, for which dimerisation is suppressed from 20% donor loading. It is also found that the electron affnity (EA) increases by 100 meV after dimerization but that CT states remain unaffected. These observations are combined into a complete model of dimerisation in BHJs. It is concluded that avoiding dimerisation requires either low D band-gaps, a deliberate energy loss or low electron mobilities.
Thus the effect of dimerisation on devices is revisited. From our knowledge of which systems do and do not dimerise and temporal arguments, losses in performance induced by dimerisation and other extrinsic effects are de-convoluted. Surprisingly no significant degradation is found to originate from dimerization. By contrast, we observe sever performance losses similar to those previously attributed to dimerisation, which we suggested to be caused by the MoO3 hole transport layer, which is commonly employed in OPV.
Lastly we address the problem of C60 dissolution upon perovskite deposition from solution. To avoid dissolution, two cross-linkable fullerenes are introduced as ESLs. Both display good morphological and electronic characteristics and resulted in greatly improved photo-voltaic performance compared to C60. This is attributed to the avoided dissolution, which because of a likely reduction in pin-holes and inhomogeneities, suppresses surface recombination with the FTO electrode.

Advisor: Riede, M
New insights into old problems

This thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ancient Egyptian ceramics by applying scientific dating techniques alongside more traditional methods. It is the first study to apply OSL dating to an Egyptian ceramic assemblage, and it has done so by developing the minimum extraction technique (MET), which has made it possible to use OSL to sample, and thus analyse, ceramics housed in museums.
The MET is at present essential to the success of OSL dating of Egyptian ceramics, as the exportation ban on antiquities has prevented OSL analysis of field material.
For this thesis, using this new sampling technique, OSL has been applied to several assemblages from the Predynastic to the Early Dynastic period. Ceramics from Bêt Khallaf have been examined, with three phases being established: late Naqada III, First Intermediate Period, and the mediaeval Islamic period. Absolute dates have been determined for each phase and, where comparison is possible, have been found in good agreement with the historical chronology.
A set of vessels from Naqada, Ballas, and the Tomb of Djer at Abydos have been examined using OSL in conjunction with radiocarbon dating. Again, three phases of activity were discerned: late Naqada II, early Naqada III, and the first scientifically determined dates for a burning event in the Tomb of Djer (the New Kingdom).
The thesis also demonstrates how OSL can be used as a relative dating technique by analysing a collection of Wavy-Handled ceramics and wine jars from Turah, finding that the OSL results agree well with the established relative chronology.
Finally, this thesis has also examined the applicability of cladistic analysis to the study of Egyptian ceramics. Cladistics is a technique borrowed from the biological sciences which offers a complimentary way to examine the evolution of ceramic types and forms, in particular the development of beer and wine jars.

Keywords: OSL
Cladistics
Naqada Period
Early Dynastic Period
Luminescence
Archaeology
Radiocarbon
Egyptian
Ceramics
Relative Dating
Absolute Dating
Chronology
Advisor: Schwenninger, J
Köhler, C
Brain mechanisms underlying option generation for behaviour

This thesis examines the highly interlinked fields of voluntary action, apathy and option generation. Substantial research have now implicated the medial frontal cortex in voluntary actions, but the exact roles of each region remain unclear. Seeking clarity on this is important because the lack of self-generated behaviour is characteristic of apathy, a debilitating condition prevalent in neurodegenerative diseases and occurring to varying degrees in healthy individuals. Unfortunately, the conceptualization of apathy is currently unclear. Proposals of its underlying cognitive mechanisms have also mostly focused on deficits in selecting between options and learning outcomes during feedback. Intriguingly, the possibility that an inability to self-generate options may contribute to apathy has never been examined. This is because neuroscientific research on option generation is sparse.
Here, a major contribution was the advancement of our understanding of option generation for behaviour. As there was no suitable objective measure available in the current literature, a simple, quantitative and culture-free task to assess option generation was first developed. The task was then administered to patients with Parkinson‖s disease and utilised in two pharmacological studies of dopamine agonist (cabergoline) and antagonist (haloperidol). These provided the first direct evidence that dopamine modulates option generation for behaviour in humans, specifically in the aspects of fluency (generating many options) and uniqueness (how different each option is from others). The ability to generate options was also found to associate with apathy in the healthy population. Besides that, the multidimensional structure of apathy was examined via the development and rigorous validation of a new questionnaire known as the Apathy Motivation Index. Finally, a functional neuroimaging experiment in healthy individuals revealed that the pre-supplementary motor area plays a key role in planning during volitional decisions of what action to execute. Together, these findings have provided new insights and point to new directions for future work in this field.

Advisor: Husain, M
Kennard, C
The role of antigen in the maintenance and localisation of CD8+ T-cells in the context of liver stage malaria

A highly effective vaccine against malaria is urgently needed, with leading vaccination strategies involving the induction of protective antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells via heterologous prime-boost viral vector immunization, targeting primarily the pre- erythrocytic liver stages of the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle. To date, the greatest immunogenicity has been obtained through a heterologous prime boost regimen, where vaccination with an Adenoviral vector is followed 8 weeks later by a Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVA) boost. Experimental work directed at providing a greater understanding of CD8+ T-cell memory responses induced by Ad-MVA vaccinations lead to the development of a novel vaccine strategy aimed at priming CD8+ T-cells in the periphery and subsequently targeting them to hepatic tissue with protein loaded poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles or recombinant viral vectors. Durable Ag-specific CD8+ T- cells exhibiting a phenotype of tissue-resident memory T-cells were generated in the liver, with a ten-fold increase over the conventional heterologous vector regimen. Importantly, in P. berghei sporozoite challenge models of liver-stage malaria, this strategy was found to result in unprecedented levels of sterile protection across multiple clinically relevant antigens and mouse strains. This prime and target immunization strategy for liver-stage malaria may provide a novel general approach for prevention or immunotherapy against other hepato-trophic pathogens.

Keywords: Liver-stage malaria
Immunology
Tissue-resident T-cells
Advisor: Spencer, A
Hill, A
Germain, R
Applied mathematical modelling of pulmonary function tests

The lungs are an incredibly complex pair of organs, whose function is strongly driven by both shape and structure. However, in standard clinical practice lung function is assessed through analysis of 'at-the-mouth' measurements, which by their nature represent a smoothing of behaviours throughout the lungs. Due to this there is a lack of precision in the understanding of how different pulmonary function test outputs respond to different types of lung disease. Within this thesis we apply mathematical and computational modelling to analyse and improve understanding of these responses, and to generate hypotheses that are suitable for further clinical investigation. In the early chapters physics-based models of ventilation, gas transport and frequency propagation within the lungs are developed, and then implemented in efficient computing environments. These models are then applied to the exploratory analysis of indices derived from three pulmonary function tests: the multiple-breath washout; the forced oscillation technique; and magnetic resonance imaging, under a variety of bronchoconstrictive patterns. Following preliminary analysis, we provide a detailed validation of the washout and frequency propagation models, and then show how these models can help create clinical insight as to how different test indices can be most effectively interpreted. In the later chapters we extend upon earlier models, to incorporate flow and gas transfer processes throughout the pulmonary bloodstream. By embedding these models in high-performance computing environments, we create a tractable way to simulate function of the entire pulmonary system. Following implementation of the pulmonary model, we apply it to analyse how gas choice may affect the multiple-breath washout. Finally, we close the thesis with a discussion of the role of mathematical modelling in clinical medicine, of the clinical relevance of results within this thesis, and of the potential for future work.

Advisor: Kay, D
Molecular regulation of p53-dependent tumour suppressor responses by the p53 binding protein 1

The tumour suppressor p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1), a fundamental node in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, was identified as a p53-interacting protein over two decades ago. However, its contribution to p53-dependent responses has remained largely enigmatic. Here, using a combination of detailed structure-function approaches and in vivo analyses I aim to unravel this aspect of 53BP1 functionality. I showed 53BP1 to enhance genome-wide p53-dependent transactivation events in response to multiple stress stimuli. Oligomerised 53BP1 relies on the tandem BRCT domain, dispensable for 53BP1-driven DSB repair, to bridge dual interactions with p53 and the ubiquitin specific protease 28 (USP28). These interactions are both essential for 53BP1-dependent modulation of p53 functionality. Indeed, the cooperation between 53BP1 and USP28 is required for proficient p53-dependent G1/S checkpoint and senescence responses. Mechanistically, the action of the USP28-53BP1 complex involves differential ubiquitination events that ultimately stimulate p53’s ability to bind the responsive elements (RE) in its target genes. Furthermore, I demonstrated 53BP1-driven p53 modulation to function independently of 53BP1’s well-described DSB repair roles, and be separable by specific point mutations within 53BP1 architecture. Translation to in vivo mouse models revealed 53BP1-driven DSB repair to be responsible for 53BP1’s role in the physiology of the immune system, while functional 53BP1-p53 connections result in effective quality control of chromosomal dosage upon defective mitotic division. Collectively, my findings define 53BP1 as an integral node in genome stability control, driving efficient DSB repair and mitotic surveillance mechanisms.

Advisor: Chapman, J
Functional and structural studies of the human ABC transporter ABCB8

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest families of membrane proteins and are ATP-driven transport systems, which are found universally in all pro-and eukaryotes. Human ABC transporters have key roles in many physiological processes in the plasma membrane and within membranes of cell organelles, such as peptide transport, lipid flipping and multi-drug resistance. ABCB8, a sub-family B ABC transporter of the inner mitochondrial membrane, was found to be crucial for normal cardiac function, regulation of mitochondrial iron levels and cytosolic iron-sulphur cluster enzyme function and oxidative stress. Impaired function of ABCB8 resulted in mitochondrial iron accumulation, oxidative stress and cell death.
In this thesis I developed a protocol for the purification of human ABCB8 pro¬viding yields and stable protein sufficient for structural studies using X-ray crystallography. Strategic optimisation of the purification protocol and crystallisation methods, resulted in crystals that diffracted to a resolution of 3.8 Å and allowed me to solve the first structure of human ABCB8. The ABCB8 structure adopted an outward-facing conformation that resembles a post-ATP-hydrolysis state in the alternating access mechanism, that was not yet observed in type I ABC exporters. In addition to the structural studies on ABCB8, I set out to explore the effects of ATP analogues, ATP transition state analogues and ADP on purified ABCB8 with biochemical and biophysical methods. Furthermore, I find that ATPase activity of ABCB8 in proteoliposomes is dependent on cardiolipin (CDL).
The first structure of ABCB8 in an outward-facing conformation gives new insights into the alternating-access mechanism of subfamily B ABC transporters. Moreover, the purification and reconstitution protocol provided in this thesis is the foundation for further studies aiming to understand ABCB8’s function in more detail.

Advisor: Carpenter, E
Shintre, C
The classical asset: receptions of antiquity under the dictatorship of 21 April in Greece (1967–73)

This thesis stakes out to reframe the debates surrounding a widely criticised chapter in the cultural history of modern Greece: the receptions of the classical past under the Dictatorship of 21 April (also known as ‘the dictatorship of the Colonels’) during the period 1967 to 1973. Informed by the hermeneutics of classical reception studies, I aim to provide a new perspective on the dictatorship, one that focuses on the contemporaneity of its discursive and visual renderings of antiquity, but which departs from a conceptual framework that is dictated by the master narrative of the Cold War (by the polarisations between Right and Left).
The project converges on the ideological discourses, educational policies and the mass spectacles of the Colonels, each of which has been designated as fraught with 'ancestoritis' or 'pseudoclassicism' in the literature. In breaking away from value judgments and notions of misappropriation, it is my intention that the project functions as an exercise in a critical levelling with the dictatorship’s multifold classicisms. Concomitantly, I propose that in order to better understand the politics of reception of the Aprilians, which have often seemed impenetrable, it is necessary to branch out into more cross-disciplinary methods of enquiry than those that have been employed in the past. My own approach borrows analytical tools from theories of counter-intelligence, cultural studies, political theory, educational sociology and performance studies. With this exploratory patchwork, the present study hopes to contribute toward opening up a field on which it is possible to examine the dictatorship on its own terms, while taking into account the composite articulations of antiquity with power, upward social mobility, economic development, and entertainment and leisure culture in 1960s Greece.

Keywords: Greece
Classical
1974
Antiquity
21 April
Colonels
1960s
Junta
Dictatorship
1967
Advisor: Papanikolaou, D