VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Behind and Beyond the Ivy: How Schools Produce Elites Through the Bodies of Racial Others

This is a study of how the elite subject is made at Canadian secondary schools. I show how the bodies of racial others are crucial to this making. This dissertation analyzes encounters with racial others both behind and beyond elite schools' ivy-covered walls. These encounters are linked through a racial process of becoming in which whiteness and elite status are inextricable. This new Canadian elite subject is the gendered global citizen of our intensified neoliberal and racially structured world. I theorize two encounters that consolidate this subject. The first is a multicultural encounter with East Asian international students behind the ivy at three southwestern Ontario elite schools. I conduct a document analysis of archival material to consider how anxiety about increasing numbers of students of color coincided with a shift to co-education. Second, I theorize a humanitarian encounter beyond the ivy between girls of an elite private school and the South African children and staff of a school they visited for the purpose of volunteering abroad. The analysis of the multicultural encounter suggests that schools are compelled to seek further encounters with difference abroad. The analysis of the humanitarian encounter reveals the micropractices that constitute the elite subject in the making, in this case, high school girls. These historical and empirical analyses are considered together with contextual information on ten elite schools in southwestern Ontario. My approach is to track the continuities and shifts that characterize elite school encounters. I do this by following routes to elite subjectivity. I theorize moral distinction as a route to elite status, and the rhetorical, discursive, and emotional structures that facilitate this process of becoming. This is a gendered process, and I am particularly interested in the making of elite femininities. This study offers three main findings. First, the processes of becoming elite both behind and beyond the ivy share a racial logic. Second, elite schools sell whiteness. Third, the volunteer abroad encounter, as part of the business of selling whiteness, reinforces students' sense of elite, racial and moral superiority.

Keywords: anti-racism
elites
global citizenship
humanitarianism
multiculturalism
volunteer abroad
Advisor: Razack, Sherene
Quantum transport through double-dot Aharonov-Bohm interferometers

Understanding the interplay of nonequilibrium effects, dissipation and many body interactions is a fundamental challenge in condensed matter physics. In this thesis, as a case study, we focus on the transient dynamics and the steady state characterstics of the double-dot Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer subjected to a voltage and/or temperature bias. We first consider an exactly solvable case, the noninteracting double-dot AB interferometer. The transient dynamics of this model is studied using an exact fermionic trace formula, and the analytic expressions in the long time limit are obtained using a nonequilibrium Green's function technique. We also study the effects of elastic dephasing on the occupation-flux behaviour in this noninteracting limit. Several nontrivial magnetic flux control effects are exposed, potentially useful for the design of nanoscale devices. The real time dynamics of the coherences and the charge current in an interacting interferometer is simulated using the numerically exact influence functional path integral (INFPI) technique. The temporal characterstics of the coherence in the weak-intermediate Coulomb repulsion case are qualitatively similar to those found in the noninteracting limit. In contrast, in the large Coulomb repulsion and the large bias limit, master equation simulations reveal notably different dynamics and steady state characterstics. We study the effects of many body interactions on magnetoasymmetries of nonlinear transport coefficients using phenomenological models, Buttiker's probes. Sufficient conditions for the diode functionality in Aharonov-Bohm interferometers are obtained analytically within the framework of Landauer-Buttiker scattering theory. Predictions of the phenomenological probes models are verified by studying a microscopic model with a genuine many body interaction, a double-dot interferometer capacitively coupled to a fermionic environment. These simulations are carried out using the INFPI technique. Some general comments about the suitability of INFPI to study nonlinear transport are presented. This work could be extended to explore nonlinear thermoelectric transport and diode behaviour in interacting many body systems.

Keywords: Coherence
Inelastic effects
Influence functional
Occupation difference
Onsager-Casimir symmetry
Probes
Advisor: Segal, Dvira
Navigating the Cathexis: Mothers and Daughters and End of Life

This dissertation begins with women's lives and examines the experience of mothering (and daughtering) across the full continuum of women's lives, including the end of their lives. Specifically, my work focuses on the cathexis, the specific flow of energy that moves between mothers and daughters as they navigate the meaning, significance and context of their connection as a mother is at the end of her life. Strongly informed by a feminist epistemology, this study draws on multiple conversations with five mothers and adult daughter s (10 participants including one-in law pairing) as a mother is receiving in-patient or home based end of life care. Drawing on a narrative methodology and utilizing joint/dyadic interviews as my method, mothers and daughters were asked to share relational stories over time: when the daughter was young; when the daughter was a young-adult/adult; when illness arrived; in the present and what they hoped for one another in the future. Applying a narrative thematic and dialogic/performance analytic approach, end of life relational stories were examined to further our understanding of how and why mothers and daughters experiences of end of life are experienced and performed in particular ways. Findings across the two analytic approaches reflect interwoven processes between mothers and daughters which are individual, relational and intersubjective. Individual processes address individual knowing and individual choices; relational processes reflect relational care practices between mothers and daughters, and mothers and daughters and care providers; and intersubjective processes address mutual knowing of dying and death. Implications of this study for social work practice and education strongly encourage social work practice to expand to dyadic interviews and interventions in end of life, with an emphasis on what we can learn if we listen carefully to what, how and why people say things in particular ways. Implications for research encourage further questioning about how end of life is relational, and strongly urges researchers to explore joint/dyadic interviews as a method to explore living and dying in relationship.

Keywords: End of Life
Hospice
Palliative Care
Joint/Dyadic interviews
Mothers and daughters
Narrative analysis
Advisor: Williams, Charmaine C
Organic Molecular Thin Films: Growth, Structure and Manipulation Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Room temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (RT-STM) has been used to observe the growth modes, morphologies and crystal structures of sub-monolayer (ML) to multilayer thin films of phthalocyanines (H2Pc and CuPc), C60 fullerenes, and CuPc:C60 composites, grown on the Cu(111) surface. In addition to imaging these films, STM has been used to manipulate the various molecules via hot tunneling electron injection. At sub-ML coverage the phthalocyanines are mobile on the Cu(111) and form a diffuse 2D gas. Molecules in this mobile phase can be immobilized on the substrate through exposure to tunneling electrons at a bias voltage exceeding a threshold value. The bias threshold value and strength of the induced molecular immobilization is dependent on the particular phthalocyanine molecule/substrate combination. At approximately one ML coverage the phthalocyanine molecules become sterically confined and lie flat on the Cu(111), forming an ordered 2D lattice. As coverage is increased beyond 1ML in the Cu(111)-CuPc system, the molecule-substrate interaction diminishes in strength and the intermolecular interaction becomes dominant, causing the molecular crystal lattice parameters to evolve towards the bulk α-phase. This trend continues for the layer-by-layer growth of three complete ML, and then gives way to 3D island growth at a coverage of 4 ML. The 3D island growth mode of the pure CuPc films is dramatically suppressed by the inclusion of C60 during deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and STM studies reveal that the CuPc molecular packing is altered upon C60 inclusion, producing disordered CuPc-C60 interfaces. The ordered molecular stacking of CuPc is found to be disrupted completely when C60 concentration reaches 30 wt.%. This disorder in the CuPc:C60 composites is explained in terms of the relative strengths of the intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, an understanding of these relative interaction strengths is exploited to grow ordered composite films, through selective sequential depositions.

Keywords: fullerene
interface
phthalocyanine
STM
surface
thin film
Advisor: Nogami, Jun
From Integrative Omics to Improved Molecular Classification of Head and Neck Cancers

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease originating in multiple subsites. Over 60% of HNSCCs are diagnosed at late stages and about 40% recur. Survival and quality of life for these patients is expected to improve upon identification of novel biomarkers, development of new therapies, and obtaining a better understanding of the molecular progression of the disease. Recently, mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics technologies have emerged as powerful tools for in-depth proteome characterization, thereby enabling identification of cancer-related proteoforms and surging biomarker discovery efforts. I applied shotgun proteomics towards the identification of novel HNSCC biomarkers and obtaining biologic insight into oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) progression. In order to identify secreted biomarker candidates, proteomic analysis of HNSCC cell line secretomes integrated with global gene expression was followed by data mining utilizing published patient tumor expression data and protein annotations. Through subsequent verifications involving IHC and ELISA against patient tissue and sera, respectively, I identified two potential biomarkers (IGFBP7 and PLAU). Their levels were significantly elevated in HNSCC patient sera vs. sera from healthy volunteers. Further evaluation of the clinical utility of these markers is warranted. To gain biologic insight into OPC subtypes, global proteomic analysis of archival patient biopsies with and without HPV was conducted. As a result, 2,633 protein groups were identified, 34 of which were differentially abundant and therefore, may play a role in the distinct clinical behavior of OPC subtypes. Genomic alterations associated with these proteins were determined using The Cancer Genome Atlas; importantly, they were not always predictive of protein abundance. Among the 34 proteins, cortactin is known to mediate radioresistance via the β1-integrin/FAK/cortactin/JNK1/AP-1 pathway. Downstream AP-1 target gene expression analysis revealed HPV-dependent regulation of this pathway, pointing to a putative mechanism for increased radioresistance in HPV-negative vs. HPV-positive OPC. The contribution of this mechanism to therapeutic response requires further evaluation.

Keywords: Biomarkers
Head and neck cancer
Human papillomavirus
Mass spectrometry
Proteomics
Advisor: Kislinger, Thomas
Characterization of the Gja1Jrt/+ Skeletal Phenotype and the Cellular and Molecular Effects of the G60S Connexin 43 Mutation in the Long Bone Microenvironment

Gja1Jrt/+ mice carry a mutation in one allele of the gap junction protein, alpha 1 gene (Gja1), encoding for a dominant negative G60S Connexin 43 (Cx43) mutant protein. Similar to other Cx43 mutant mouse models described, a reduction in Cx43 gap junction formation and/or function resulted in mice with early onset osteopenia. Here we show that in contrast to other Cx43 mutants, the G60S Cx43 mutation activates the osteoblast lineage, with higher bone marrow stromal osteoprogenitor numbers and increased appendicular skeleton osteoblast activity. The data presented in this thesis are the first to describe a Cx43 mutation in which osteopenia is caused by activation of osteoclasts secondary to activation of osteoblast lineage cells, which occurs not only through increased membrane-bound receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (mbRANKL) but production of an abnormal resorption-stimulating bone matrix. Gja1Jrt/+ is also the only Cx43 mutant mouse model described to date with early and progressive bone marrow atrophy, with a significant increase in bone marrow adiposity and adipocyte-specific gene expression in Gja1Jrt/+ mice compared to wild type littermates. We analyzed the mechanism by which the G60S Cx43 mutation activates the osteoblast and adipocyte lineage and show that increased bone morphogenic protein 2 and 4 (BMP2/4) production and signaling increase osteoblast-specific marker expression and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg2) gene expression in Gja1Jrt/+ osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells. Taken together, this thesis provides new insight into the role of Cx43 and the effects of the G60S mutation on bone formation and homeostasis, and on the differentiation and activity of bone cell lineages.

Advisor: Aubin, Jane E
Aqueous-phase Organic Chemistry in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric aqueous phases (i.e. cloud, fog and aerosol liquid water) are important reaction media for the processing of organic compounds. Quantitative data on aqueous-phase organic chemistry under the atmospheric context are sparse compared to the data from comparable gas-phase processes. A series of studies was conducted to provide fundamental information on this topic. An online analytical technique, Aerosol Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Aerosol CIMS), was employed to quantitatively monitor aqueous-phase OH oxidation of glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Quantification of all the major reaction products was achieved, permitting complete reaction mechanisms to be presented. An unexpected class of compounds, α-hydroxyhydroperoxide (α-HHP), was observed during the experiments, and the formation of this class of compounds was further quantified. Formation of α-HHP can be potentially important in aerosol liquid water, affecting aerosol toxicity and the gas-particle partitioning of small aldehydes. Aerosol CIMS was further applied to the OH oxidation of levoglucosan, using a high mass resolution CIMS. Unique reaction trends were observed, from which novel mechanism analysis frameworks were introduced. Aqueous-phase photochemical processing of a variety of light-absorbing organic compounds (Brown Carbon (BrC)) was investigated in the laboratory. The light absorptivity of BrC was significantly altered via these processes, indicating that the chemical processing of BrC species needs to be considered for a sound assessment of their atmospheric implications. Finally, cloud-partitioning of a toxic compound, isocyanic acid (HNCO), was investigated in the field, representing the first online measurement of gas-phase compounds dissolved in cloudwater. A secondary source of HNCO in the ambient air was also observed. Overall, aqueous-phase chemistry leads to reaction products which likely contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. At the same time, aqueous-phase chemistry also facilitates the transformation and removal of specific species with atmospheric significance (e.g. tracer compounds, pollutants, BrC).

Keywords: Air pollution
Atmospheric Chemistry
Climate change
Cloud water chemistry
Organic Aerosol
Advisor: Abbatt, Jonathan PD
The Biography of a String Quartet: Mozart's String Quartet in D Minor, K.421

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's String Quartet K. 421 in D minor remains one of his most celebrated quartets. K. 421 is the second work in a set of six quartets dedicated to Mozart's colleague and mentor, Joseph Haydn, and is the only `Haydn' Quartet in a minor key. An overview of the historical background of K. 421, the significance of D minor in Mozart's compositions, as well as the compositional relationship between Mozart and Haydn situates this work amongst Mozart's other string quartet compositions and provides context for the analysis of different editions. An outline of the historical practices and roles of editors, as well as a detailed analysis and comparison of different editions against the autograph manuscript and the first edition published by Artaria in 1785 examines the numerous discrepancies between each of the different publications of K. 421. Using the information acquired from the comparative study of selected historical editions, some possibilities for future editions of K. 421 are discussed. When undertaking the study of a new quartet, performers can learn a great deal from listening to recordings. In addition to this analysis, an outline of the evolution of string quartet performance practices is provided. The individual conclusions formed from studying the historical background, different publications and selected recordings of a specific composition can be extended beyond this quartet and applied by performers to any work they choose to undertake.

Keywords: D minor
K. 421
Mozart
Mozart 'Haydn' Quartets
String Quartet
Advisor: Elliott, Robin
Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer through Open-cell Metal Foam Heat Exchangers

In this thesis analytical and numerical investigations of fluid flow and heat transfer through open cell metal foam heat exchangers are presented. Primarily, different representative unit cell approximations, i.e, tetrakaidecahedron, dodecahedron and cubic are discussed. By applying the thermal resistance analogy, a novel formulation for evaluation of the effective thermal conductivity of metal foams is proposed. The model improves previous models based on cubic or hexagonal cells. By using computer tomography images of a nickel foam sample a realistic 3D geometry is created and the foam's geometrical properties (i.e., porosity and surface area to volume ratio) and effective thermal conductivity are obtained. By using the experimentally found values of permeability, Forchheimer coefficient and solid-fluid interfacial convection coefficient, mathematical models for fluid flow and heat transfer in metal foams are developed. Two different assumptions: local thermal equilibrium (LTE) and local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE), are used. LTNE yields more accurate results. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a metal foam is made and validated against the experimental data for a square cross sectional nickel foam heat exchanger channel heated from the side walls while cooling air passes through the foam. The simulations are carried out for constant temperature or heat flux and different foam materials with pore densities of 10 and 40 pores per inch. The results show that the bonding of the foam to the walls has a considerable impact on the heat transfer rate. Convective heat transfer coefficients in terms of Nusselt number as functions of Reynolds number are also obtained. The design and CFD modeling of metal foam cross flow heat exchangers are also discussed. The results indicate both effectiveness and number of transfer units (NTU) for the metal foam heat exchangers are higher than those of a hollow channel, however, the effectiveness-NTU curves are identical. The design and simulation of a metal foam heat shield for high temperature applications are presented. By locating the regions with maximum temperatures, through the CFD simulations, the design of the heat shield is optimized for both water-cooled and air-cooled models.

Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics
Fluid Flow
Heat Exchnager
Heat Transfer
Metal Foam
Numerical Modeling
Advisor: Mostaghimi, Javad
Role of Water in the Formation, Transformation and Fate of Secondary Organic Aerosol

Particle-phase water is the most abundant atmospheric aerosol constituent, yet the importance of water for the formation, transformation and fate of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) remains not fully characterized. In order to address this knowledge gap, this thesis explores the role of water in SOA formation, chemical aging and fate as cloud condensation nuclei. The formation of SOA from the photooxidation of isoprene in the presence of various sulfate seed particles was investigated using a flow tube reactor. Under constant environmental conditions, particle-phase water was found to have the largest effect on the amount of SOA formed where this additional organic material was highly oxidized, likely arising from enhanced uptake of organic acids due to their high water solubility. The amount of high molecular weight compounds increases with acidity, suggesting the role of acidity in governing organic composition. The relative humidity (RH) dependence of SOA aging by photolysis was examined using particles containing water-soluble α-pinene SOA material in an environmental chamber at three RH conditions (5, 45 and 85 %). Photolysis led to substantial mass loss where the rate of mass loss increased with increasing RH, suggesting that moisture-induced changes in SOA phase have implications to particle reactivity. Aging of ambient SOA sampled at Whistler, British Columbia found that aging by both gas and aqueous-phase OH increased the degree of oxygenation and CCN activity of the organic material, confirming the hypothesis that there is a simple relationship between the hygroscopicity of organic aerosol and its oxygen-to-carbon ratio. Addition of various types of organic material onto sulfate particles resulted in the suppression of water uptake during droplet growth. Experiments using sulfate particles with different acidity suggest that high molecular weight compounds, formed via acid-catalyzed condensed phase reactions, are the species affecting water uptake kinetics.

Keywords: Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Particle Water
Secondary Organic Aerosol
Advisor: Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.