VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Overlapping individual and interstate claims in international law

This DPhil is concerned with overlapping claims, in which both States and individuals are able to claim against the same respondent State for violations of international law. More particularly, it considers whether and how the conduct of either States or individuals may preclude, under the law of State responsibility, overlapping claims brought by the other.
It begins by outlining that such overlapping claims have been, and will likely continue to be, so brought. It then considers whether the conduct of one of those entities might enliven rules that would preclude the other’s claims.
First, Part B (Chapters III-VII) considers a number of rules of preclusion that have the potential to operate to preclude one of such overlapping claims: the local remedies rule; treaty provisions governing overlapping claims; waiver; res judicata and treaty provisions with similar effect; and double recovery. It highlights that there are many circumstances in which the actions of States or individuals may, under these rules, preclude the overlapping claims of the other.
Second, Part C (Chapter VIII) addresses circumstances precluding wrongfulness. Focusing on countermeasures and self-defence, it considers whether the conduct of either a State or an individual may, due to the operation of such circumstances, have the effect of precluding not only the claim of that entity, but also an overlapping claim belonging to the other. It concludes that, particularly as understood in light of recent practice, there is significant scope for these rules to so operate.
In highlighting when the actions of either States or individuals might preclude, under the law of State responsibility, overlapping claims brought by the other, this thesis aims to narrow the gap left, in this respect, by the ILC’s recent codification of the law of State responsibility, and place both States and individuals in a more certain position going forward.

Keywords: Countermeasures
State responsibility
Waiver
Human rights
Double recovery
Self-defence
Overlapping claims
Individuals
Public international law
Diplomatic protection
International dispute settlement
Res judicata
Advisor: Akande, D
Evaluation of a single cycle influenza virus as a candidate vaccine

Influenza A continues to impose a considerable burden on humans and animals, including farmed poultry and pigs. Current vaccination approaches successfully protect certain populations against specific strains, but none are effective at consistently inducing broad and long-lasting protection to the diversity of circulating strains.
Single cycle viruses may offer a promising solution as they are able to safely present a wide array of viral antigens in the respiratory tract by undergoing just one round of cell infection in their host. This is thought to be advantageous for stimulating broadly protective resident memory T-cell responses in the lung as well as mucosal antibody responses.
This thesis describes the design and evaluation of a candidate vaccine platform called CLEARFLU, building on the previously described single cycle virus S-Flu designed by Alain Townsend. CLEARFLU viruses are unable to replicate in vivo due to the introduction of several independently inactivating mutations into the hemagglutinin protein, blocking the cell entry step of infection. They can however be propagated in cell culture by providing complementing hemagglutinin in trans.
We demonstrate that CLEARFLU viruses do not cause disease in mice or pigs, even when administered to the respiratory tract. They induce a strong T-cell response in the lung, including to the highly conserved viral component nucleoprotein which is known to be associated with broad protection. CLEARFLU viruses also stimulate both systemic and local strain-specific antibody to neuraminidase and neutralising antibody to hemagglutinin in mice. This neutralising response to hemagglutinin is a notable advantage over other hemagglutinin-inactivated single cycle viruses like S-Flu which do not induce such responses and can thus limit but not prevent future infection.
Together with investigations into their genomic stability, we demonstrate that CLEARFLU viruses show promise as vaccine candidates able to generate both non-neutralising protection against a broad range of strains and neutralising protection against strain-matched challenge.

Keywords: vaccines
hemagglutinin
S-Flu
neuraminidase
single cycle virus
influenza virus
antibody
T-cells
Advisor: Tchilian, E
Townsend, A
On musical patronage: popular music, oil capitalism, and state politics in Equatorial Guinea

This doctoral thesis examines the centrality of the state in the constitution of the popular music economy in Equatorial Guinea. It examines transformations and continuities in music production, circulation, and consumption as they have been shaped by the introduction of digital technologies and the Central African micro-state’s growing dependence on the export of fossil fuels. The spectacular oil boom of the last quarter century has consolidated the already-authoritarian rule of Teodoro Obiang Nguema, who stands today as one of the longest-serving heads of state in the world. From within a highly politicised social sphere, popular music emerges as a privileged medium, employed by the petro-elites to accumulate prestige and by musicians to negotiate their relations with the state and to gain access to (unequally distributed) oil revenues.
Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Equatorial Guinea’s major cities, I argue that the local music economy is governed by patronage relations that are embedded in long standing, yet evolving, social and political formations characterised by regional logics of power and wealth accumulation. Rather than disturbing and radically transforming musical patronage, the oil boom and the introduction of digital technologies have opened unimagined spaces of creativity and future possibility but also afforded the exacerbation of these onerous and oppressive relations. While musicians navigate the interstices of the state to find strategies to make do, the music economy is increasingly monopolised by the ruling family. As such, this case stands in contrast to both writing on the Euroamerican music industry and recent scholarship on the seemingly pervasive incorporation of African music economies into (digital) capitalism. Bringing together the anthropology of oil, recent scholarship on the new music industry, and theories of the African state, the thesis resists orthodox Marxist readings of capitalism to offer new understandings of musical labour and exchange.

Keywords: Equatorial Guinea
Oil capitalism
Popular music
Central Africa
Patronage
Politics
Music economy
Advisor: Born, G
Pratten, D
Locality, kinship and ceremonial kinship : a study of the social organization of the Comunidad de Andamarca, Ayacucho - Peru

In contrast to other studies of the rural communities of the Peruvian Andes and other parts of Latin America which tend to give a view of these societies either as a collection of unrelated institutions of different cultural origins or as mechanical organisms whose parts are integrated due to the pressure of external forces, this thesis attempts to give an image of an Andean society in terms of the categories which are significant to the actors and to disclose the structural tendencies which clearly underly its social organization
Continued in thesis ...

Keywords: Lucanas
kinship
organisation
Indians
Peru
Quechua
rites
ceremonies
Andamarca
customs
social
The social construction of revolutionary change in Tigray, Ethiopia, 1975-1997

This thesis seeks to investigate the hidden record of political, social and cultural reconstruction in Tigray under the Tigray People’s Liberation Front. It is a field-work based contribution, relying on first-hand research into mostly oral sources in the region and does not attempt an exploration based on documentary sources. Discontents gathering force throughout the 20" century at violent expropriation by feudal landlords, bandits and armies of both nobility and emperor, not only toppled Haile Selassie and brought the Derg dictatorship to power, but also gave revolutionary impetus to the founders of TPLF in 1975. The TPLF objective was to set up a rural power base to mobilise for armed struggle against the Derg and at the same time to liberate the peasantry from the cultural effects of feudal subordination. It was not enough to improve the material conditions of their lives; the peasants needed to have more direct control over their lives through increased decision-making power. The TPLF sought to transform the consciousness of the peasants through a range of strategies. They enlisted their support through land reform, but turned them into participants by guiding them to do it for themselves. In 1978 they established departments (of education, agriculture, public affairs and so on) to support the farming communities. They instigated a programme of intensive political education, involving confidence-building, practical experience and cultural activities. As peasants became fighters in large numbers, schools and educational programmes for fighters and civilians multiplied. Village communities began to administer themselves through elected councils, mutually agreed codes of law and regular evaluation to check accountability to all sections of society, including previously discriminated groups, such as women, artisans and minorities. After victory in 1991, the Transitional Government introduced a federal structure, democratic elections and a new constitution to Ethiopia, aimed at encouraging regional equality through self-administration. In Tigray, villages and towns continued to run their affairs, but the TPLF sought to preserve revolutionary momentum by enabling an expanded struggle for development. The study finishes by providing a brief theoretical framework and comparative analysis of the Tigrayan revolution in the context of other, mostly African, insurgencies.

Keywords: Ethiopia
Tigray
social construction
social change
revolutionary change
The rise and fall of great technologies and powers

How and when do technological changes affect the rise and fall of great powers? Scholars have long observed that rounds of technological revolution disrupt the economic balance of power, bringing about a power transition in the international system. However, there has been surprisingly limited investigation into how this process occurs. The standard explanation emphasizes a country’s ability to dominate innovation in leading sectors, seizing monopoly profits in new, fast-growing industries centered around major technological breakthroughs. I propose an alternative mechanism based on the diffusion of general-purpose technologies (GPTs), which presents a different trajectory for countries to leapfrog the industrial leader. Characterized by their potential for continuous improvement, pervasiveness, and synergies with complementary innovations, GPTs only make an economy-wide impact after a drawn-out process of diffusion across many sectors. This GPT trajectory shapes which institutions matter. Specifically, variation in institutional adaptations that widen the human capital base to enable the spread of GPTs explain why some industrial leaders separate themselves from the pack. To test this argument, I set the leading-sector mechanism against the GPT diffusion mechanism across three historical case studies: Britain’s rise to preeminence in the Industrial Revolution; America and Germany’s overtaking of Britain in the second industrial revolution; Japan’s challenge to America’s technological dominance in the information technology revolution. Evidence from these case studies supports the relative explanatory power of the GPT mechanism over the leading-sector mechanism. According to some categorizations, these cases correspond to history’s three industrial revolutions. Given that many argue we are in a fourth industrial revolution, the findings of this dissertation should be particularly relevant for how emerging technologies like AI will affect a possible U.S.-China power transition.

Keywords: Power transitions
Emerging technologies
Historical political economy
Advisor: Snidal, D
The linear ubiquitin assembly complex’s recruitment to signaling complexes: The role of HOIP’s zinc finger domains

The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) regulates NF-κB activation and prevents cell death by conjugating M1 polyubiquitin on inflammatory complexes through its catalytic subunit HOIP. Although the conjugation of M1 chains is well described, less is known about the mechanism of LUBAC’s recruitment to inflammatory signaling complexes. This thesis elucidates the role of HOIP’s zinc finger region, which encompasses its B-box, Zf and NZF domains, in the binding and recruitment to ubiquitin chains, by employing biophysical techniques such as NMR and ITC to characterize the mechanism. The HOIP NZF1 domain is the driving force behind ubiquitin-binding and interacts with monoubiquitin with a higher affinity than previously studied NZF domains, while HOIP NZF2 employs a similar interface as NZF1 to bind to monoubiquitin weakly. HOIP’s specificity for K63-linked chains is determined by the tandem NZF domains, which cooperatively decrease the protein’s affinity to monoubiquitin and increase its affinity to polyubiquitin, as shown by ITC binding experiments. The interaction of HOIP NZF1 with the downstream signaling effector NEMO hinders, but does not abolish, ubiquitin binding due to an overlap in the binding interfaces for ubiquitin and NEMO. To widen the scope of the regulation of LUBAC’s recruitment, phosphorylation of S383 of the NZF1-NZF2 linker region and HOIP oligomerization via the B-box domain are studied as regulatory mechanisms for the affinity to K63-linked polyubiquitin and found to not affect it. It is therefore proposed that HOIP NZF1 and NZF2 jointly drive LUBAC’s recruitment to preformed K63-linked polyubiquitin in inflammatory signaling complexes. A novel binding mechanism for linkage-specific NZF domains is described, in which binding is driven by NZF1 while K63 diubiquitin specificity is established independently by each NZF domain.

Keywords: LUBAC
inflammation
NZF
ubiquitin
HOIP
Advisor: Elliott, P
Path-integral methods for non-adiabatic reaction rates

This thesis discusses recent progress in the development of path-integral methods for non-adiabatic reaction rates in large-scale atomistic simulations. Electronically non-adiabatic reactions are important in a wide range of phenomena, including electron transfer in DNA, enzymatic oxygenation reactions, and the function of light-emitting diodes. Imaginary-time path integrals provide an ideal way to simulate these complex condensed phase reactions, as they are both linearly scaling and capable of accurately describing zero-point energy and tunnelling.
The thesis begins by considering methods for calculating reaction rates in systems that are not fully in either the adiabatic or non-adiabatic limits. Recent work in this area is reviewed, before two new approaches are introduced. The first of these, the non-adiabatic quantum instanton (NAQI), generalises Wolynes theory (valid in the non-adiabatic limit) and the projected quantum instanton (valid in the adiabatic limit) to arbitrary values of electronic coupling. The second approach is a simple formula for interpolating between the results of golden-rule and Born-Oppenheimer rate calculations. This formula can immediately be applied to calculate reaction rates in condensed phase reactions, by combining it with pre-existing path-integral methods in each limit.
Following this, the thesis focusses on the calculation of reaction rates in the golden-rule limit. Again, two new approaches are introduced. The first is an implementation of Wolynes theory which can be used to numerically analytically continue Wolynes theory into the Marcus inverted regime. The second is an alternative path-integral method called the linear golden-rule (LGR) approximation, a size consistent modification of the recently proposed GR-QTST. LGR overcomes the known deficiencies of Wolynes theory, and can be directly applied to calculate reaction rates in the inverted regime. The thesis concludes with a fully atomistic simulation of aqueous ferrous-ferric electron transfer, which addresses recent questions about the nature of the tunnelling in this system.

Keywords: Non-adiabatic dynamics
Reaction Dynamics
Chemical Reaction Rate Theory
Nuclear Quantum Effects
Electron transfer
Electronically nonadiabatic reactions
Advisor: Manolopoulos, D
Bacon's knowledge and use of the Bible

The purpose of this study of Francis Bacon's Knowledge and Use of the Bible is the collection of evidence to enable an estimate to be formed of the extent of his acquaintance with and indebtedness to the Latin and English Bible. First, it views him not only as an heir of the great Vulgate-quoting traditions of the past, but also as one who, despite his disclaimer of the modern languages, helped the phraseology of the English Bible to pass into the language by bringing it “home to men's business and bosoms." Secondly, it examines the ways in which Bacon's knowledge of Scripture was probably acquired and produces evidence showing to which versions of the Latin and English Bible he was indebted. It also attempts to show how, and with what effect, he applied his biblical knowledge. It is a study of Bacon's specific biblical sources and of the way in which these sources are used. it is hoped that by these means some light has been shed on the problem of how many of Bacon's allusions are original, and how many were already proverbial in his time. All contemporary Latin and English Bibles have been consulted, and particular care has been taken in the collation of their renderings with Bacon's.
Continued in thesis ...

Keywords: literature
Bible
Bacon
knowledge
Francis
The emergence of queer nature: Minakata Kumagusu (1867-1941) and the making of microbial paradigm 1887-1900

The Japanese independent naturalist-polymath Minakata Kumagusu (1867-1941) fascinated scholars of modern Japan with his prolific work that traversed disciplinary boundaries. Yet, the state-centred history writing could not make sense of what underlined his seemingly discursive works and actions, naturally. The thesis elucidates a cohesive account of his transdisciplinary knowledge formation for the first time. It does so by decolonising modern Japanese intellectual history through a novel method. Modern Japanese history typically opened with Japan’s Meiji period (1868-1912) known as the era of the nation’s paradigm shift to the one of the modern West. The thesis reopens the paradigm with one that was ‘microbial’ by conceptualising its underlining logic as ‘queer nature.’ The microbe slime mould that captured his imagination transcended male-female, plant-animal, and life-death binaries. Just like this microbe, the process of knowledge production based on queer nature transgressed the binary and hierarchical conceptions of the West-the-rest male-female, subject-object, intellect-emotion, and life-death. Within the microbial paradigm, Sino-Asian-derived knowledge informed the reasoning behind its knowledge formation. The thesis reveals the followings by asserting queer nature as the basis of truths that emerged in Kumagusu’s life and work during his early adulthood in 1887-1900. These are: his civilisational theory where being ‘civilised’ meant equality and cooperation among all nations, race and sex; metaphysics of what he called “wisdom-knowledge” that facilitated people to ‘civilise’ as above through changes and turns, as opposed to the teleological progress, in his evolutionary henkaron (The Theory of Change); and a form of social sciences that produced their ‘facts’ and ideas as historically authentic in a centreless and non-hierarchical manner, in what I call ‘queer historicity.’ Reopening the intellectual history of modern Japan with queer nature thus illuminates the microbial paradigm whose significant intellectual phenomena remained marginalised, until now.

Keywords: intellectual history of modern Japan
history and philosophy of science
history of religion
queer theory
history of social sciences
Advisor: Konishi, S
Medievalism and literary afterlives: a diachronic study of the Siete infantes de Lara

This thesis is the first study of how and to what end the story of the Siete infantes de Lara, first redacted in thirteenth-century Castilian chronicles, has been repeatedly rewritten in medieval Castile and, later, Spain. It begins by identifying the idiosyncratic nature of the earliest versions of the Siete infantes de Lara in contrast to other medieval narratives in epic poetry and chronicles: its status as a local, factional border narrative set in the indeterminate tenth-century borderland between the County of Castile and the Caliphate of Cordova. All subsequent rewritings focus on how this setting is conducive to interracial interaction, identity construction and identity change. The rewritings selected for study are formally and temporally diverse in order to trace the development of Spanish medievalism: three medieval chronicles from the thirteenth-fifteenth centuries, four hitherto undiscussed romances from early modern Spain and the Sephardic diaspora, two comedias by Juan de la Cueva and Lope de Vega, and two nineteenth-century Romantic works.
Through close readings of each work, this thesis analyses how these recreations of the tenth-century borderland engage with contemporary formations of individual and collective identity, whether historiographic, poetic or political. The thesis’ methodology is diachronic, but this does not posit fixed links of influence. Instead it sets out to explore what links these texts beyond the setting and story they retell: what marks medievalism as a literary mode? How do these texts embody mechanisms of rewriting in their internal poetics? It concludes by postulating a shared poetics of rewriting and discusses how these works shed new light on al-Andalus’ memory in Spain from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century.

Advisor: Hazbun, G
Allegory of the self: Boccaccio's Buccolicum carmen

This thesis sets out to provide an interdisciplinary study of four of the sixteen hexameter poems in Giovanni Boccaccio’s pastoral Buccolicum carmen (ca. 1362/63). It argues that the Buccolicum is a coherent book of poetry that displays an allegory of Boccaccio’s autofictional self, constructed through different bucolic characters and themes which symbolise different fragments of Boccaccio, as well as different steps in his literary and ethical ascent. Consequently, it intends to dispel the unhelpful dichotomy between autobiography and fiction which has dominated most commentaries and studies on the Buccolicum. It also investigates the place of the Buccolicum (Boccaccio’s only book of Latin poetry) in his literary career. Reflecting Boccaccio’s theoretical approach towards pagan literature, developed especially in the Genealogie deorum gentilium (ca. 1359–74), the Buccolicum engages with the classical tradition, and particularly with Virgil’s Eclogues, to support an autofictional narrative of conversion. In the wake of Petrarch’s own Bucolicum carmen, Boccaccio presents the pastoral world as the earthly world of temporary pleasures, sin and sorrow. In sum, the present study aims to provide a thorough examination of a selection of four of Boccaccio’s eclogues, each focusing on one key theme of the Buccolicum (love, politics, poetry, and religion). At the same time, this thesis scrutinizes the processes of reception, mediation and allusion to classical texts which shed light on Boccaccio’s bucolic autofiction, as well as on the classical texts themselves.

Keywords: Giovanni Boccaccio
pastoral
Buccolicum carmen
literary careers
reception studies
autofiction
intertextuality
Trecento
self-fashioning
Virgil
Eclogues
Advisor: Harrison, S
Gilson, S