VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The Actual Murder with Words, a Discussion of Violence in the Enlightenment, Romanticism...and After

Enlightenment: reason, emancipation, progress. Romanticism: the irrational, rebellion, return. These two constellations describe not merely historical epochs but attitudes of culture from which modernity seeks to escape and to which it ceaselessly returns. Although their notions of violence are much at odds, they each presuppose a vision of the other with which they contend. This thesis seeks to articulate their ideas about violence and its place in their thought. Part I: The successes of seventeenth century 'mathemata' gave Enlightenment luminaries cause to feel a door to the prison cell of existence had opened. Newton's emulators set to work confident that knowledge would dispel ignorance and violence; and an enormous tide of Reason is unleashed, sucking up into it all the counter-currents it produces. Belief that acts of will can fashion the correspondence of 'reality' to the 'true' engenders a preoccupation with the flight of the possible over the grounds of the probable. However, Reason's tide eventually turns and, secularizing its own myth, begins to hear the voices of those counter-currents that have all along fed its progress. Under the spell of an imagined future in which violence would be erased, Enlightenment discussions of the subject are marked by a significant absence. Into this frame the art of Goya explodes: with a new urgency he paints its light as dark. No longer merely the image of reason, light is also the conscienceless instrument of executioners; no longer purely irrational, darkness also limns an evil that 'reasons' its overthrow of my 'natural' instincts. Part II: In 'Beloved' a catastrophic past is repeated and re-presented, bringing to fruition the promise of emancipation in the active-passive injunction: be good, be-loved. Accession to this covenant is effected through the 'cut' in which the rhythm of the given is disturbed by the giving that guarantees the equilibrium of all givens. Opening to the pledge is manifest in a bodily exposure of precisely that which violence aims at: the you beyond every denomination. The sounding of this exposure is a pure assignment that renews time. In it the possibility of a past repaired, forgiveness and fecundity are revealed.
Emitter-up heterojunction bipolar transistor-compatible laser

A novel integration technique, one which utilizes a common epitaxial layer structure to achieve dual functional devices, is investigated. In particular, this work focuses on the possibilities of integrating a single quantum well laser and a npn-heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) in this fashion. Due to the inherent structural and operational differences between the laser and HBT, compatibility issues are presented and discussed with the aid of a numerical model. An emitter-up HBT compatible laser, that retains many prominent HBT features, is proposed. Numerical simulations show that the laser performance (i.e. $\sim$20 mA threshold and 44% efficiency) are comparable to typical lasers. The proposed laser was fabricated along with all of the necessary post-growth processing. The first experimental trial resulted in lasers with lasing threshold characteristics at $\sim$30 mA.
Changing teacher demand conditions in Canada and the utilization of teacher labour market information by educational organizations and teacher education students

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and scope of the changing teacher labour market in Canada, and to assess the quality and value of teacher labour market information to information users. The study was guided by four objectives: to assess current and future teacher demand conditions and trends in Canada; to identify the strategies and policy issues that underlie such conditions and trends; to determine whether information related to such conditions and trends is capable of satisfying the information requirements of education organizations and teacher education students; and to determine if and how teacher demand information contributes to policy or career decisions. In addressing the purpose of the study, a two-phase approach was used. The first phase--to examine the nature and scope of the changing teacher demand conditions in Canada--focused on current and emerging teacher labour market conditions (labour economics), and on the impact of those conditions on decisions to seek employment in the teaching profession (human capital). The second phase--to understand some of the underlying policy issues associated with the demand for teachers--focused on the extent and use of information in affecting policy or career decisions (knowledge utilization). Phase I employed several steps. The first step involved the collection of research findings, and documentary and archival evidence from studies completed in Canada and elsewhere. This was done as part of the preliminary preparations for establishing the parameters of the study, and for identifying the nature of the research problem. The second step involved the administration of a survey on current and anticipated teacher demand conditions to English and French school districts in Canada. Phase II of the study set out to assess the relative importance of teacher labour market information to key stakeholders who affect, or are affected by, teacher demand. The first step involved the preparation of a report on phase I. The report, titled 'Teacher Demand in Canada', provided a summary and discussion of the findings of phase I of the research. The second step involved the distribution of the report to key stakeholders along with a questionnaire focusing on the quality and value of the information contained in the report and its actual or potential use. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Catecholamines and basal metabolism in the myocardium

Blood-based cardioplegia used to arrest the heart for cardiac surgery has elevated levels of endogenous catecholamines. However, myocardial exposure to catecholamines in cardioplegia may increase basal metabolism, or oxygen consumption (MVO$\sb2),$ in the arrested myocardium and contribute to poor post-ischemic functional recovery. Isolated rabbit hearts (n = 5) were perfusion-arrested at $37\sp\circ$C with 20 mM K$\sp+$ Krebs-Henseleit buffer and exposed to 25 nM isoproterenol (Iso), which resulted in a significant increase in basal MVO$\sb2$ (0.054 $\pm$ 0.006 to 0.088 $\pm$ 0.009 mL O$\sb2$/min/g DW; p = 0.0009). Hearts exposed to 25 nM Iso in cardioplegia followed by 60 min of normothermic $(37\sp\circ$C) ischemia and then reperfusion, demonstrated a significant increase in diastolic pressure compared to control ($-$21.8 $\pm$ 3.0 mmHg vs. $-$12.5 $\pm$ 2.0 mmHg; p = 0.02). Hypothermia $(20\sp\circ$C) during ischemia prevented the deleterious effects of Iso. Furthermore, exposure of the beating myocardium to catecholamines prior to arrest was shown to be deleterious to post-ischemic functional recovery of systolic, diastolic, and developed pressures, which was again prevented by hypothermia during ischemia (p $<$ 0.01). End-reperfusion myocardial ADP, ATP, and total adenine nucleotide concentrations were significantly (p $\le$ 0.0002) better preserved in the hypothermia group.
An investigation of the luminescence behaviour of zirconium oxides

Corrosion of zirconium fuel cladding is a limiting factor in deciding the useful lifetime of fuel bundles for high burnups. Under irradiation conditions, the oxidation rate of zirconium is greatly enhanced. At present it is not clear how the alloying elements are incorporated into the oxide, and therefore, how they affect the corrosion behaviour. This prompted great interest in the investigation of the incorporation of alloying elements and impurities in the oxide during the zirconium oxidation process. Due to the low solubility of the alloying elements in the matrix oxide, the Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique does not have the sensitivity needed for their detection in areas away from the second phase particles where most of the transition metal additives (Fe, Cr, Ni) are segregated. In this study scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence techniques are used to gain some insights into the effect of elements such as iron on the corrosion behaviour of zirconium alloys. Iron appears to migrate away from the second phase particles relatively easily, and to diffuse to free surfaces such as cracks within the oxide films. In these conditions it stimulates the cathodoluminescence locally. Other elements present in zirconium alloys either stimulate (Cu, Mo, Ti, Tb) light emission or suppress it (Sn, Nb), but do not appear to be localised in the oxide in the same way that iron is.
An assessment of the usefulness of standardized definitions in a thesaurus through interindexer terminological consistency measurements

An important function of the thesaurus of descriptors in its use as indexing aid is to clarify meaning, thus increasing the possibility that indexers win consistently select the same term to express the same indexable concept. Given the low levels of consistency observed among indexers working with a thesaurus, it is suggested that meaning may not be specified clearly enough in this tool. The purpose of this project was to look at the effect on interindexer terminological consistency of providing clear and prescriptive information on the meaning of each descriptor in a thesaurus, in the form of a standardized terminological definition. A small prototype thesaurus describing the field of adult literacy was developed. Definitions were written for each descriptor with the help of a defining model and in accordance with defining rules borrowed from the field of Terminology. Three test versions of the thesaurus were created. The standard version did not contain definitions; the augmented version provided a definition for each descriptor in addition to the display of semantic relationships traditionally found in thesauri; the stripped version provided definitions, but did not display hierarchical and associative relationships among terms. The test versions were used in a controlled experiment by novice non specialist indexers to describe a set of twelve informative abstracts. Three sets of data were used in the analysis: average number of descriptors used, group consistency in assignment of all descriptors, and group consistency in main descriptor selection. The analysis revealed that: (1) indexers who had worked with the augmented thesaurus were not more consistent than indexers who had worked with the standard thesaurus; (2) the use of the stripped thesaurus led to a significant decrease in overall consistency among indexers; (3) there was a tendency among indexers working with the augmented thesaurus to be more consistent in main descriptor selection than all other indexers; (4) the indexers working with the stripped thesaurus were as consistent in main descriptor selection as indexers working with the standard thesaurus.
Micromechanical characterization of the interphase zone in adhesive joints

The interphase in an epoxy-aluminum adhesive system has been characterized using acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ion etching, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and nano-indentation, with particular attention to micromechanical characterization. A systematic search method was proposed for locating an acoustic coupling fluid which had a sufficiently low velocity of sound and attenuation factor for the acoustic microscopy of polymers. A new acoustic microscope system was developed, which operated at a frequency of 250 'MHz', and utilized an ultrasonic probe designed specifically for the characteristics of the new couplant. This acoustic microscope system is the first one being able to induce Rayleigh waves on the surface of plastics. A new angular spectrum formulation was introduced for a type-II acoustic microscope probe. No prior assumption, regarding the field on the aperture plane of the transducer, is needed in this new formulation. The angular spectrum model was extended to the case of a type-I probe in the presence of deviations of the lens shape from the ideal sphere as long as it remains axisymmetric. A multiple curve fitting procedure was used to infer the interphase property profiles by simultaneously fitting a large number of calculated 'V '('z') curves to the experimental ones. The interphase was between 2 and 6 [mu]'m' thick, and corresponded to a region of greater resistance to ion etching and a marked absence of the silica particles used in the epoxy adhesive. The acoustic microscope ' V'('z') scans showed that the interphase had, on average, 20% larger values of tensile and shear moduli than the bulk, and smaller values of the shear attenuation factor and density than the bulk adhesive. Nano-indentation tests, traversing various sections of the interphase from the aluminum to the bulk adhesive, showed that the interphase region had, on average, a reduced elastic modulus ('E'/(1 - [nu]2)) that was 13% greater than that of the bulk adhesive. The interphase was approximately 4% harder than the bulk adhesive.
Three-phase voltage-type AC to DC power supply with improved performance

With the growing need for efficient energy conversion and stricter enforcement of ac side harmonic standards, Pulse Width Modulated Voltage Source Rectifier (PWM-VSR) based power supplies are expected to find increased use in industrial applications. However due to feedback control systems and power circuit topology, the dynamic performance of these power supplies is dependent on the operating conditions resulting in changes in the operating levels of the voltages and currents following load and line disturbances. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the ruggedness and reliability of PWM-VSR based power supplies in an industrial environment by proposing a self tuning digital control system capable of automatically adjusting to the changes in the load and network conditions. This results in an optimal steady state and dynamic performance over a wide range of operating conditions. Moreover detection and estimation of system voltages and currents in software lead to diagnostic and protection algorithms which improve the ride through capability. An insight into the steady state behavior of the power supply system is given by Fourier analysis of non-sinusoidal switching functions while the dynamic performance is predicted by small signal analysis of the power supply and the proposed control strategy. A systematic design procedure based on the steady state and dynamic analysis is highlighted with a design example. A 5.6 kVA, 215V AC to DC power supply is experimentally built to verify the various results predicted by steady state and dynamic analysis. A digital controller based on a 32 bit floating point Digital Signal Processor chip is used to implement the control system.
The development of rat striatal cholinergic interneurons, mechanisms important in location and maturation

The large aspiny cholinergic interneurons represent less than 2% of the striatal neurons in the rat, but their sensitivity to a relatively small number of afferent synaptic inputs, their tonic firing pattern, and widespread dendritic and axonal fields, place them in an excellent position to participate in the communication between the functionally distinct patch and matrix compartments of the striatum. The overall goal of this thesis is to investigate the development of these striatal cholinergic interneurons in rats and examine possible mechanisms, such as birthdate or the exposure to the local striatal factor nerve growth factor (NGF), that may affect the location and maturation of the striatal cholinergic neurons. In the first set of experiments, I analysed the distribution of cholinergic cells within the two compartments during development. The results demonstrate that the cholinergic interneurons become more or less homogeneously distributed between the patch and matrix compartments, although significantly more cholinergic neurons do reside in the intermediate zone (area of the matrix bordering the patch compartment), outside the patch borders in the adult. Additionally, cholinergic neurons mature differentially depending on the compartmental localization, with cholinergic neurons in the striatal matrix compartment expressing choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) later than the cholinergic neurons in the patch compartment. The second set of experiments examined the neurogenesis of cholinergic neurons in relation to the striatal compartments and the results suggest that birthdate can predict compartmental localization of the cholinergic neurons in the striatum, with the earliest born neurons (embryonic day 13) having a higher probability of ending up in the patch compartment and the latest born neurons having a higher chance of ending up in the matrix compartment. The last set of experiments investigated the influence of NGF infusion on the cholinergic maturation. Cholinergic neurons in the patch and matrix compartments have distinct maturational programs, and the results suggest that NGF is able to accelerate the normally slow cholinergic maturation of the cholinergic neurons in the matrix compartment, while the cholinergic maturation of the patch cells seems to be independent of NGF signalling. I propose that the differential induction of CHAT in the striatal cholinergic interneurons might be necessary to ensure the proper connections between the striatal cholinergic neurons and the functionally distinct patch and matrix compartments, in a temporally co-ordinated way.
The effects of intravenous cholecystokinin on nucleus accumbens neurochemistry and behaviour in awake rats

Cholecystokinin (CCK) has marked anxiogenic or panicogenic effects when acutely administered to rodents, monkeys, and human panic disorder patients, via the activation of brain CCK$\sb{\rm B}$ receptors. In parallel with its anxiogenic properties, CCK is also colocalized with dopamine (DA) in mesolimbic neurons which project to the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), where CCK interacts with DA to modulate reward-related behaviours. In the present study, the neurochemical effects of i.v. CCK4 (a selective CCK$\sb{\rm B}$ agonist) in the NAcc were evaluated using in vivo microdialysis in awake male Wistar rats. The behavioural effects of i.v. CCK4 were also tested using measures of horizontal activity and acoustic startle. It was found that i.v. CCK4 potentiated NAcc DA:DOPAC levels approximately 20 minutes following the infusion. CCK4 also produced an immediate decrease in activity and an immediate potentiation of startle amplitudes. Implications of these results for the neurochemical basis of certain motivational processes are considered.
On the nonlinear chemical dynamics of the imperfectly mixed CSTR

This thesis examines the role of spatial inhomogeneity in rapidly reacting flows with nonlinear kinetics. Phenomenological modelling, theoretical considerations, and experiments are combined to relate the mixing-induced spatial inhomogeneity in the continuously-fed stirred tank reactor (CSTR) to the macroscopically observed stirring and mixing effects (e.g. shift of steady states, bifurcation points, and modification of induction periods and oscillation attributes). The interaction among flow, mixing, and chemical reaction in a CSTR is examined in detail for two simple reactions: bimolecular and cubic autocatalysis. The stirring effects for premixed and nonpremixed feedstreams are shown to differ qualitatively due to age- and stream-mixing. For a general one-variable kinetic model, the random coalescence-redispersion (RCR) model is reduced to a Langevin equation in which the mixing-induced fluctuating term is a multiplicative colored noise process. The analysis of the equation leads to a closed-form solution for the inhomogeneous stochastic steady states of the reactor. The shift of steady states from their deterministic values is proportional to the reactor inhomogeneity where the proportionality constant is explicitly related to the rate function. The validity of the RCR model (simulations and theoretical analysis) is demonstrated by comparisons with experiments on the iodate-arsenous acid reaction. The information content of signals is shown to depend on the size of the sampling volume of the detector: fluctuations in micro-detector signals measure the spatial inhomogeneity of the reactor, whereas fluctuations in macro-detector signals reflect the long range collective, temporal dynamics of the reactor. Their quantitative relationship is given. For the oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinskii (BZ) reaction, RCR-based simulations are used to obtain the time-dependent probability distribution, which is a measure of the spatial reactor inhomogeneity, and to demonstrate its dramatic dependence on oscillation phase. The notion of local stability of limit cycles is elaborated. Local stability is shown to play a key role in determining the phase dependence of spatial inhomogeneity.
Studies of grinding of wood and bark-wood mixtures with the Szego mill

The grinding of various woody materials in the Szego Mill, a unique ring-roller mill, was studied. Wood wastes consisting primarily of bark, and aspen chips were ground dry, and jack pine sawdust was ground wet. Mill performance was determined by measuring particle size, characterized by the 80%-passing size ('x'80), and mill power, from which is derived the specific energy, as functions of the material rate, mill speed, the number of passes of material through the mill, and, for wet grinding, the oven-dry solids content of the product. It was determined that, as a first approximation, the power for a given mill (and hence the specific energy) is independent of the type of material being ground, and depends only on the mill speed and the mass throughput. After sufficient grinding, the product particle-size distributions of woody materials are self-similar, i.e., their non-dimensionalized distributions conform to a single curve, e.g., all the distributions for products of bark-wood mixtures with 'x'80 values below 700 [mu]m conformed to the same curve. Bark is more grindable than wood. When bark-wood mixtures were ground, bark particles were concentrated in the finer size fractions. Wood particles fractured primarily by splitting due to transwall failure of wood cells in the direction of the fibre axis under compression perpendicular to this axis, and secondarily, across the fibre axis due to bending stress. The primary breakage mechanism of bark particles appears to be intercellular fracture. When moist wood or moist bark-wood mixture is dry-ground, size reduction is limited to relatively coarse sizes by the formation of agglomerates. No agglomeration was observed in dry grinding of dry wood or dry bark-wood mixture, nor in wet grinding. In multiple-pass grinding of aspen, the particle shape evolved from that of chips to that of Szego-milled particles after extensive size reduction. Particle-size distributions predicted by the SGK matrix method were clearly better once the shape transition was complete. Size reduction for wet grinding of wood is considerably greater than that for dry grinding.