VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Prolegomenon to the study of dramatic and theatrical theory

Modern dramatic theory has alternated between extremes in its attempts to locate theatre within literature. Either theatre has been viewed as a pre-literate, ritualistic phenomenon which writing can only compromise, or it has been seen as essentially "textual," with even physical performance subsumable under the aegis of textuality. At the heart of this dispute lies the question of the relationship between writing and theatre, a relationship which must be clarified as a prerequisite for any coherent theory of drama. The solution proposed by this work is to return to the historical context in which Western theatre emerged out of epic recitation. A comparison between the performance style of oral epic and that of the newly emergent art of the theatre will show the extent to which drama was influenced by the literate technologies which were unknown to Homer yet well-attested for the age of Aeschylus. This dissertation proceeds through detailed analysis of such literate practices as the use of the alphabet, the use of texts in education, the public inscription of laws, the sending and receiving of letters, the use of coins, the inscribing of ostraka, and the making of lists. Concurrently, the innovations in performative storytelling represented by theatre are explored, and their indebtedness to the technology of writing is evaluated. It is found that writing enabled and encouraged the emergence of a new kind of performance. Stories once only heard became visible; stories once delivered monologically by a bard were atomised into discrete representing units (actors); performers became non-specialists, and poets became interrogators of myth rather than its divine repositories. However, although writing helped to create dramatic form, textuality was never an end in itself, but remained always in the service in an oral process of bodily performance which can neither be described according to textual models nor completely controlled by them. Theatrical form is one of writing's great products, but also one of its most effective critics.
Skeletal muscle damage and repair in the adult rat hindlimb following downhill treadmill exercise

Cellular changes associated with fibre damage during the adaptation of skeletal muscle to physical exercise were investigated in adult, female, Wistar rats. Light microscopic analyses of transverse cryosections of muscles of non-exercised animals, and in animals following one, five, or ten, 30 minute daily bouts of downhill treadmill exercise (n = 8 per group) demonstrated a higher incidence of histological fibre damage, degeneration, repair, and regeneration in the soleus ($\le$8%) than in vastus lateralis, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, or plantaris muscles (all $\le$2%). The extent of these morphological changes was less following multiple daily bouts, in comparison to a single bout, of exercise of the same intensity and duration. The cellular processes following exercise-induced damage were further examined in the soleus muscle of non-exercised controls and at six time intervals between 18h and 12d (n = 5-6 per group) following a single 30 minute bout of downhill exercise. Quantification of the extent of morphological alterations identified at all time points showed the highest incidence at 7d, and that the repair and regeneration process was complete by 12d. In vivo labelling and immunocytological detection of replicating cell nuclei demonstrated a continual low level of satellite cell activation within fibres, with a trend towards an increased activation between 18 and 24h following exercise. Serial sections showed that the frequency of fibres expressing developmental isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHCd) was greatest 7d following the exercise. Fibres demonstrating MHCd were characterized by a distinct morphology, indicative of repair or regeneration following exercise-induced damage. Co-localization of cumulatively labelled replicating satellite cells and their progeny with morphological alterations, and MHCd, within individual fibres 7d following an identical bout of downhill exercise demonstrated associations between the presence of morphological alterations, and newly replicated nuclei, and the expression of MHCd, as well as an increased probability of MHCd expression in fibres with newly replicated nuclei. Collectively, the results from these studies demonstrate that morphological alterations, the replication and incorporation of satellite cells, and the expression of MHCd are either inter-dependent or co-regulated, and are important events in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to physical exercise.
AGV-served Manufacturing Systems, Scheduling and Design in Loop Layouts

Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) are the promising material handling devices for today's manufacturing systems. When they are used, various design and operational issues arise. At the outset, this thesis provides a comprehensive survey of those issues and related research. The design and operational issues arising in an AGV-served flowshop loop are, however, the main focus of this thesis. In an AGV-served flowshop loop that produces a set of different jobs repetitively, the job sequencing method to maximize throughput or minimize cycle time, the number of AGVs (fleetsize) required to achieve a prespecified throughput, impact of different AGV dispatching policies on job sequencing methods, fleetsize, and throughput, are studied. We consider only a deterministic system where demand is known in advance and the processing times of each job on each machine is a known constant. In order to improve productivity, it is examined whether the throughput can be further increased by decomposing a single loop with many AGVs into many smaller single AGV loops. The computational complexity results are formally proved for all but one sequencing problem. Heuristics are suggested and tested for the intractable sequencing problems. Since the performance of heuristics is not satisfactory, Darwin's natural evolution based genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to obtain good solutions. The solution of GA is compared with a lower bound on cycle time developed according to a Lagrangian relaxation approach. Our GA provides a solution on an average within 5% of the lower bound for problems with 50 jobs, 10 machines, and 4 AGVs. Regarding loop decomposition, it is formally proved that decomposition increases the throughput in some cases. It is recommended that other cases should be computationally tested to check whether decomposition would be advantageous. Some examples are provided to show that decomposition may be advantageous. Lastly, an operational issue that would arise if a loop is decomposed, namely joint sequencing, is discussed. The computational complexity of all the joint sequencing problems are formally proved. In the end, the effectiveness of using AGVs in bidirectional mode and hence in a line layout is examined. It is shown analytically and numerically that a bidirectional mode is preferred in certain cases. Fleetsize is used as the criterion for making such a decision.
The freedom of intellect movement (Buddhir Mukt Andolan) in Bengali Muslim thought, 1926-1938

The subject of this dissertation is the origin and evolution of a rational humanist movement by a group of Bengali-speaking and Bengali-writing Muslim intelligentsia in the 1920s and 1930s. The motto of this movement was: Jnan jekhane simabaddha, buddhi sekhane arashta, mukti sekhane asambhab or "Where knowledge is restricted, there the intellect is inert, there freedom is impossible." This motto is examined in this dissertation primarily in the thought of two Bengali Muslim intellectuals in several ways: (a) an examination of the rational humanist Muslims' ideals of unfettered freedom, intellect and creativity, that were inspired especially by two distinguished Bengali sources, Raja Rammohun Roy and Rabindranath Tagore; (b) examination of the rational humanist Muslims' application of the ideal of unfettered freedom in the origin, structure, composition and deliberations of an organization, the Muslim Sahitya Samaj or Muslim Literary Society of Dhaka and the publication of their Bengali journal, Shikha; (c) rational humanist Muslims' application of their ideals to understanding certain doctrines and practices of Islam in Bengali Muslim society; (d) their application of these ideals to understanding British rule in India and Indian nationalism. Chapter One examines English language scholarship on nineteenth- and twentieth-century Muslim modernism on north India and Pakistan, and Bengali- and English-language scholarship on the intellectual history of Bengali Muslims. Chapter Two examines the prime movers of the freedom of intellect movement, with life sketches of its leader, Kazi Abdul Wadud, and his associate, Abul Hussain, and the intellectual orientation of and influences upon Kazi Abdul Wadud. Chapter Three describes the origin, composition, structure and objectives of Muslim Sahitya Samaj. Chapter Four describes the rational humanists' interpretation and evaluation of some Islamic doctrines, practices, trends, debates in the deliberations of Muslim Sahitya Samaj at Dhaka. Chapter Five describes, srishti dharma or 'religion of creativity' that Wadud proposed for accommodation of Muslims with Hindus in India. Chapter Six concludes the thesis and points to possible continuing influence of buddhir mukti ideals among Muslims in Bengal.
The effect of gravity on fluid configuration and contact angle hysteresis

The phenomenon of contact angle hysteresis is not well understood, and is often explained in terms of curvature or line tension effects. We apply thermodynamics in an analysis of this topic, with surprising results. It is predicted that the contact angle of one fluid region will be affected by a second fluid region in the same system. In particular, it is possible to predict the contact angle hysteresis between two fluid regions at different elevations in a cylindrical container. This prediction does not require line tension, curvature effects or non-ideal surfaces for an explanation of hysteresis. These predictions are tested in an experiment, and the results support the predictions of hysteresis. A second area to which thermodynamics is applied is that of fluid configuration in the absence of gravity. There is no pressure-induced hysteresis under these conditions, and it is shown that there are numerous configurations that satisfy the necessary conditions for equilibrium in a cylindrical container. By performing an entropy analysis, it is shown that the equilibrium configuration may be determined, and is dependent on the contact angle and the amount of fluid present. These predictions are tested experimentally, and it is found that the experimental evidence supports the predictions, and casts doubt on the earlier Bond number theory.
Advancements in the Statistical Rate Theory Treatment of Adsorption

Although CO-Ni(111) is a relatively simple adsorption system, a description that is complete enough to predict both equilibrium phenomena and kinetic behaviour in terms of tabulated surface properties and controllable experimental variables has not been available. Statistical Rate Theory is being developed to fulfill these needs. In applying Statistical Rate Theory, the chemical potential is a fundamental quantity needed to make a prediction. A previously developed expression for the chemical potential of adsorbed diatomic molecules is used that is based on a quantum mechanical model of weakly interacting molecules. A new procedure is presented for inferring unknown properties appearing in the chemical potential expression from equilibrium adsorption isotherm measurements. The chemical potential is then used to predict several equilibrium properties. A new equation is presented for the heat of adsorption that takes into account the change in the solid as a result of the adsorption. The heat of adsorption prediction for CO-Ni(111) is found to have the same coverage dependence as measurements reported in the literature and the measurements are used to infer a value for the adsorption-induced enthalpy change of the solid. The procedure for examining isotherms is also used to show that two sets of measured isotherms for similarly prepared CO-Ni(111) surfaces are in agreement and that isotherms measured for a surface with a different preparation are statistically different. The chemical potential relation, along with the properties found from the equilibrium adsorption isotherms for CO-Ni(111), is then used with Statistical Rate Theory to predict adsorption kinetics. Statistical Rate Theory is then extended to systems which are neither isolated nor at steady state by using it to formulate fundamental equations for both beam-dosing adsorption (in which the pressure is changing as a function of time) and temperature programmed desorption. The theoretical predictions are compared with measurements reported in the literature. The temperature programmed desorption application represents the most complete test to date of Statistical Rate Theory in that all of the properties required to make a prediction are obtained from independent experiments. The predictions agree well with experimental measurements, indicating that Statistical Rate Theory contains all of the required temperature and coverage dependence necessary to predict CO-Ni(111) kinetics.
A comparison of descending evoked potentials and muscle responses after transcranial magnetic stimulation and skull base electrical stimulation in awake human subjects

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TCMS) and electrical stimulation over the skull base (SBS) can evoke muscle responses from the arms and legs. TCMS excites corticospinal neurons that send volleys down the corticospinal tract to preferentially activate small hand muscles. The motor pathways activated after SBS are not clearly understood but our preliminary studies demonstrated that SBS preferentially activated triceps (a muscle with that receives weak corticospinal excitation) and not small hand muscles which suggested SBS activated spinal motoneurons differently than TCMS. On the basis of these findings, the characteristics of the descending spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) after TCMS (leg area) and SBS were compared to determine if the different pattern of muscle activation was related to differences in SCEPs. For the first time, recordings were obtained from awake, neurologically intact human subjects with dorsal column stimulators (DCS) epidurally positioned at Th8. The DCS electrode was temporarily used as a recording electrode during the experiments. The SCEP after TCMS had more waves and a longer duration than that after SBS but both had fast conduction velocities. Anaesthesia diminished the later SCEP waves after TCMS but had little effect on the first wave or the SCEP after SBS. It was concluded that TCMS directly and indirectly excited corticospinal neurons and the pattern of muscle activation was likely dependent on the area of cortical representation for a given muscle, the orientation and excitability of corticospinal neurons in that area and the excitability of the spinal motoneurons. In contrast, SBS activated long tracts so muscle activation was dependent on spinal mechanisms alone. To determine the role of cortical excitability in the facilitation of muscle responses, SCEPs were recorded during rest and voluntary activation of tibialis anterior (TA). Increased excitability of corticospinal neurons during voluntary activation of TA (indicated by increased SCEP rectified area) was observed at threshold (T) TCMS intensities but not above T. This suggested muscle facilitation was related to increased excitability in some corticospinal neurons (that was only detected at T) as well as increased excitability in spinal motoneurons.
Products of involutions in the Chevalley groups of type F(4)(K)

We examine the generation of the Chevalley groups of type $F\sb4$ by involutions. It is shown that $F\sb4(K)$ is at most four reflectional, provided that the field K is large enough. In other words, any element in $F\sb4(K)$ can be written as a product of at most four involutions. After examining $F\sb4(K),$ certain distinguished subgroups of $F\sb4(K)$ are studied in terms of their generation by involutions. We examine a subgroup N, that together with a subgroup B, forms a BN-pair for the Chevalley group $F\sb4(K).$ It is shown that N is tri-reflectional. That is, every element in N can be written as a product of at most three involutions in N, and there are elements for which three involutions are necessary. It is then shown that any element in $H=B\cap N$ cap be written as a product of two involutions in N. In general, these involutions may not be chosen in H. A geometric proof of the bireflectionality of $N/H,$ which is isomorphic to the Weyl group of type $F\sb4,$ is provided. We then examine elements in $F\sb4(K)$ that are similar to their inverse, and develop sufficient conditions for them to be decomposable into a product of fewer than four involutions.
Applications of DEA to software engineering management

Software systems play an increasingly important role in organizational effectiveness, as well as in gaining competitive advantage and in differentiating organizations from their competition. This applies to both producers of software and those organizations that utilize software. Thus, our ability to efficiently produce high quality software is a crucial factor in determining the success of many organizations. Unfortunately, the track record of most software producers remains poor, with only a handful of notable exceptions worldwide. In addition to new and improved methods and technology, many experts have cited the need to overcome the difficulties associated with managing the software engineering process as solutions to this so-called 'software crisis'. This thesis addresses several limitations of DEA techniques that can arise through their application to software engineering management. New theoretical contributions are made in three main areas. The first area is crucial to the performance measurement process. New and enhanced models of software production are presented which divide the software production process into multiple phases and are capable of evaluating data sets containing projects with varying degrees of new and modified code. Measuring overall efficiency and effectiveness is fundamental to the management control process. This is the motivation for the second area: researching the relationship between traditional economic production measures (and definitions) and DEA multiplier flexibility. A prescriptive framework for the application of DEA models to measure overall efficiency and effectiveness is presented along with several new DEA modeLs important to this framework. The third area is related to the application of DEA to software project planning and presents new tools for forecasting and trade-off analysis. Existing DEA techniques are adapted for the purpose of conducting general trade-off analysis. Inherent in this analysis process is the generation of efficient project forecasts. This document, while inspired by software engineering management, contains new theoretical contributions which are not limited in their application to this domain only. In particular, this applies to the framework: to measure overall efficiency and the new measures that it contains. The new methods of forecasting and trade-off analysis are also applicable to domains where such project management tools are appropriate.
Charm and charm-strange hadron production in ep collisions at HERA as probes of confinement

This thesis presents an experimental investigation of the dynamics of strange and charmed particle production in ep collisions. The first observation, in ep collisions, of the inclusive production of the $D\sbsp{s}{\pm},$ the $D\sp\pm,$ the $D\sp0$, and the $\Lambda\sbsp{c}{\pm}$ is presented. These signals are used to measure the asymmetry in the production rate of $D\sp0$ and $\bar D\sp0$; this asymmetry is found to be consistent with the prediction from Monte Carlo simulation using LUND string fragmentation. These signals are further used to measure the $D\sbsp{s}{\pm}$ to $D\sp0$ production ratio and also the ratio for $D\sp{\*\pm}$ to $D\sp0$ production. The signals were observed in a data sample collected with the ZEUS detector in 1994. The corresponding HERA luminosity is 2.875 $\pm$ 0.043 pb$\sp{-1}$. The $D\sbsp{s}{\pm}$ is reconstructed via the decay channel $D\sbsp{s}{\pm}\to\phi\pi\sp\pm$, and the cross section for $ep\to \sbsp{s}{\pm} X$ is measured to be 11.5 $\pm$ 4.0 (stat) $\pm$ 3.4 (syst) nb. The kinematic range covered is for $p\sb{T}(D\sb{s}) > 3.0$ GeV, a hadronic centre-of-mass energy $100<W<300$ GeV, and a pseudorapidity ${-}1.5 < \eta\ (D\sb{s}) < 1.0.$ The $D\sp0$ is reconstructed via the decay channels $D\sp0\to K\sp-\pi\sp+$ and $\bar D\sp0\to K\sp+\pi\sp-$, and the $D\sp0/\bar D\sp0$ asymmetry is measured to be ${-}0.3\pm10$ %. The cross section for the process $ep\to D\sp0 X$ is measured to be 31.9 $\pm$ 5.0 (stat) $\pm$ 5.4 (syst) nb. In this case the kinematic range covered is $p\sb{T}(D\sp0) > 3.0$ GeV, $100<W<300$ GeV, and ${-}1.5 < \eta\ (D\sp0) < 1.0.$ By comparing the cross-section ratio $\sigma\ (ep\to D\sbsp{s}{\pm}\ X)/ / \sigma\ (ep\to D\sp0x)$ to the ratio calculated from a Monte Carlo model, the strangeness suppression factor $\gamma\sb{s}$ is measured to be 0.48 $\pm$ 0.18 (stat) $\pm$ 0.12 (syst). This value is consistent with the strangeness suppression measured in $e\sp+ e\sp-$ experiments. The cross-sections for $D\sp0$ and $D\sp{\*\pm}$ production for $Q\sp2 < 4$ GeV$\sp2$ are used to calculate a vector-to-pseudoscalar ratio $P\sb{V}$ of 0.86 $\pm$ 0.20 (stat) $\pm$ 0.11 (syst). This measurement agrees with the prediction from the ratio of possible spin states.
German economic relations with occupied Denmark, 1940-1945, and the extraordinary industrial deliveries

German economic relations with Denmark reveal only a limited German interest in harnessing Danish economic resources. Mostly, Germany was concerned with maintaining economic and social stability in Denmark. Fears that occupation would cause a Danish economic collapse were colored by assumptions that such a crisis could make occupying the country a considerable burden. German officials were therefore pleased to find the Danes to be receptive to cooperating rather than resisting. This active cooperation of the Danish authorities was a central reason for their country's avoiding a much worse fate at German hands. Thus, German officials were satisfied with the situation in Denmark, and this state of mind prevailed to the end of the occupation. Concluding that the German attitude was largely unchanged differs from older views of the German perceptions of Denmark, which held the Danish cabinet's withdrawal on August 1943 to be a watershed in the occupation. After this event, the Germans ostensibly "took off the gloves," and no longer felt constrained to maintain German - Danish cooperation. This study proves that the Germans continued to desire economic and social stability above all, and thus kept to the previous form of their relations with the Danes. This reversion to the previous relation is especially clear in the economic sphere, where there is no sign whatever of Germany becoming any harsher or more exploitive when it ostensibly now had a "free hand." For the entire occupation, the Germans tended to see Denmark--in their own unique formulation--as an "occupied neutral," whose rights were largely respected, not as a prize whose economy was to be squeezed dry of every last possible asset to further the war effort. The account of the Danish government's cooperative efforts constitutes approximately half of the work. By cooperating, the Danes blunted the effects of occupation much more effectively than any other occupied country. Literature on the Danish government's cooperation with the Germans has been sparse: the work thus fills a gap in the literature, and illustrates an unusual form of collaboration.