VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The principles of the rule of law and Charkaoui v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)

This thesis attempts a detailed analysis of the Supreme Court of Canada's recent decision in 'Charkaoui v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), ' looking specifically at how unwritten constitutional principles can make a difference in cases that address the tension between constitutional norms and the exceptional demands of counter-terrorism law. I attempt to demonstrate how unwritten constitutional principles of the rule of law can inform our understanding of the flexibility of procedural rights and the substantive values that must be preserved, while giving courts a framework for responding to government attempts at subverting these norms in the name of national security. Nevertheless, I argue that the legitimacy of unwritten constitutional principles depends on a relatively restrained approach that seeks to elicit the content of these principles from within the legal tradition itself, eschewing freestanding or transcendental moral argument. (p.2).

Keywords: Rule of law, Canada
Emigration and immigration law, Canada
Pro turpitudine vitae: The expulsion of nuns in the dioceses of Paris and Laon, 1100--1150

In 1107, the nuns of Saint-Eloi were charged with immorality and expelled from their monastery by Bishop Galo of Paris. A similar accusation was made in 1128 at the monastery of Saint-Jean in the diocese of Laon, and again in 1129 at Argenteuil in the diocese of Paris. Scholars have frequently linked these reforms, suggesting one as a precedent for another, but have rarely examined them in greater depth. Yet these are not the only historical examples of reform through expulsion during the twelfth century, simply the most famous. Therefore the purpose of this dissertation is to increase our understanding of the use of expulsion as a method of reform through an in-depth study of the historical, social, and political context of the reforms at Saint-Eloi, Saint-Jean, and Argenteuil. Through a careful analysis of royal, papal, and episcopal charters directly related to the expulsion, as well as a wider examination of each bishop's reforming activities within his diocese, we learn that the three key issues in these reforms were reputation, corrigibility, and jurisdiction. Each of our monastic communities had gained a negative reputation in the years preceding their expulsion, although this sinistra fama was not exclusively a matter of sexual misconduct. Furthermore, in two of our three cases the bishop responsible for the expulsion carefully asserted that numerous attempts had been made to correct the nuns, thus the expelled community is labeled as incorrigible. Finally, there is the matter of episcopal and proprietary jurisdiction. These monasteries were not truly independent. Rather, they were subject to the episcopal jurisdiction of their bishop, and in two of these cases, as royal monasteries, they were subject to the proprietary jurisdiction of the king. Therefore in these expulsions we see collaboration between the bishop, who held episcopal jurisdiction over these communities, and the king, the holder of proprietary jurisdiction, in the reform of communities of nuns during the first half of the twelfth century.
Compensation practices and determinants of CEO pay: The case of Ontario not-for-profit hospitals

Two interpretations are possible. Ontario hospital boards may be trading-off the difficulties in implementing a formal pay-for-performance incentive plan with a more subjective and comprehensive evaluation process. This supports the claim that monitoring and bonus plans can both be used as an executive motivational device. Another interpretation, a criticism expressed in current business literature, is that agency problems are unaddressed in current CEO contracting arrangements, and the use of peer comparison and competitive benchmarking simply ratchets up year-to-year CEO compensation. Corporate governance entails monitoring, evaluating and rewarding the performance of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the corporation. An economic approach to understanding CEO compensation predicts that financial incentives will be written into the CEO's compensation contract to align the goals of the owners of the firm with those of the top executive of the firm. At the same time, economic theory predicts that not-for-profit organizations, which have multiple stakeholders, complex multidimensional missions and hard to observe and measure outputs, may be unable to write similar incentive contracts for the CEO and hence suffer from enhanced agency problems. This thesis is an exploratory investigation into the CEO compensation policies employed by the Board of Directors of Ontario public not-for-profit hospitals. A survey of CEOs and boards finds that the majority of Ontario hospitals do base CEO compensation in part on performance, this performance evaluation being a comprehensive review of CEO specific performance goals and objectives, including specific hospital targets. These surveys also highlighted that Ontario hospital boards have had difficulties in establishing formal pay-for-performance systems due in large part to hospital outcomes being perceived as largely beyond the control of the CEO. Guided by equity theory, an empirical model investigates how pay comparisons with peer hospital CEOs influence subsequent CEO compensation adjustments, and finds that changes in CEO compensation are significantly related to the relative inequity position of a CEO compared to its peers.
Smoking, nicotine metabolism and cytochromes P450: Impact of genetic and regulatory variation

Variation in nicotine metabolism and cytochromes P450 (CYPs) may alter smoking risk and behaviour. Sources of regulatory variation in CYP2A (and CYP2B) and nicotine metabolism were examined in animal models, and the impact of genetic variation in CYP2A6 on smoking risk and behaviour in humans was determined. A rat model was used to determine the effect of chronic ethanol treatment on nicotine metabolism and CYP2B1/2 in rat brain and liver. Ethanol did not alter CYP2B1/2 protein in 6 brain regions; however a dose-dependent induction of CYP2B1/2 mRNA, protein and in vitro nicotine metabolism, was detected in the liver. In order to evaluate the effects of chronic nicotine on hepatic levels of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 and nicotine metabolism, an African green monkey (AGM) model was developed. Significant decreases in hepatic CYP2A protein and mRNA as well as in vitro and CYP2A-mediated nicotine metabolism were observed in AGM. An epidemiological study was then conducted in order to determine the impact of genetic variation in CYP2A6 on smoking risk and behaviour. CYP2A6 allele frequencies varied significantly by ethnicity. Adult Caucasian non-smokers (N = 224) (10--99 cigarettes/lifetime) and current, regular smokers (N = 375) (>100 cigarettes/lifetime) completed questionnaires assessing demographics, tobacco and drug use history and were genotyped for CYP2A6 alleles associated with decreased nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*9, CYP2A6*12). The proportion of individuals with slow inactivator genotypes was significantly different between the non smokers (12.5%) and regular smokers (6.9%) (p = 0.027, OR = 0.52 [95% CL; 0.30--0.91]). A similar finding was observed when regular smokers included only those meeting DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence (N = 315). Among regular, dependent smokers, mean daily cigarette consumption was significantly (P = 0.003) lower for individuals with slow inactivator genotypes (21.3 cigarettes/day [95% CL; 17.4--25.2]) compared to the normal inactivators (28.2 cigarettes/day [95% CL; 26.4--29.9]). Slow inactivators also had a significantly (p = 0.03) lower age of first smoking compared to normal inactivators (13.0 years of age [95% CL; 12.1--14.0] versus 14.2 [95% CL; 13.8--14.6]. These studies identified several sources of regulatory variation in nicotine metabolism using animal models and demonstrated the impact of genetic variation in nicotine-metabolizing CYP2A6 on smoking behaviour in humans.
The healing flow: Artistic expression in therapy (creative arts and the process of healing: An image /word approach inquiry)

This inquiry was intended to explicate and describe the process of art towards healing within a psychotherapy context. The phenomena of the process of art towards healing were explored within different art therapy groups within an inpatient psychiatric setting. A dialogical image/word approach to psychotherapy and research was developed. This methodology was constructed from a phenomenological, hermeneutical, and interpretive approach to inquiry that was grounded in the practice of art. The phenomena were explored through the researcher/artist/therapist's lived experience of the process of art towards healing and these experiences were interwoven with the voices and images of the patients to create what has been called an Interpretative Quilt. The relationships between therapist, patients, and the art materials, and the dialogical flow between internal world, external images, and words were explored through the metaphor of the Healing-Flow Model. It was observed that the process of art towards healing provided an opportunity for creative energy to be channeled in a more integrated manner to restore wholeness and connectedness. Within the symbolic realm of the image-making process, painful, dissociated, or split-off aspects of each patient's being were reintegrated and transformed. The flow of creative energies was restored to re-establish internal and external balance within the many dimensions of being (biological, emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual). Creativity, in its various forms, was explored through experiential evidence in the "self" in relation to the "other". Energy, form, and matter appeared to be related to change and to the development of being. The following themes have emerged through this inquiry. This research revealed that the process of art towards healing is multilayered, dynamic, and complex. Healing appears to be related to the recovery of meaningful patterns and the making of connections with oneself and the world in a more integrated manner. These connections allow the creative energy to unfold through a dialogical process that helps to restore the part/whole relationships of being within a social context. The Interpretative Quilt provides a window into the process of art towards healing through fictionalized text and imagistic pauses where the different functions of images can be understood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Keywords: Art therapy
Healing
Psychotherapy
Creative ability
The Inventory of Interpersonal Expectancies

The present research examines how people expect others to react to their own behavior and the correlates of their interpersonal expectancies. Interpersonal expectancies are defined as the subjective predictions that people make about how others will respond to their interpersonal behavior. First-year university students living in residential households of four to six were asked to complete: (1) the Inventory of Interpersonal Expectancies (IIE), in which they rated how they expected each of their housemates to react to their own dominant or agreeable behavior; (2) a battery of self-report questionnaires, in which they indexed their interpersonal values, problems, competencies, and their standing on each of the Big Five; and (3) a series of peer-rating exercises in which they indexed each other's prominence and influence in the household. Interpersonal expectancies correlated with the personality traits of extraversion and agreeableness, with self-reported interpersonal problems and competencies, and with social status in the household.
The structure, management and effectiveness of international non-governmental relief and development organizations: a case-study of world vision in Rwanda from 1993 to 2002

This is a case-study of the major non-governmental relief and development organizations (NGOs), focussing on the work of World Vision in Rwanda, from its inception in 1993 until the present. Since the subject matter is largely historical, the study has been based on documentary evidence. After a brief prelude in 1993, a major relief operation was launched by World Vision in Rwanda in response to the crisis of 1994, which is divided into an early, middle and late period. This is followed by a lengthy rehabilitation phase, extending from the end of 1994 until the year 2000, which is also divided into an early, middle and late period. Since the development phase is just beginning in Rwanda, an overview of World Vision's programs in the other Central and Eastern African countries is added as an appendix for comparative purposes. The findings are analyzed in relation to the following problem areas into which the literature on NGOs tends to fall: (a) organizational structure, (b) management and coordination, and (c) accountability and effectiveness. The findings show that the international structure of World Vision contributes greatly to its effectiveness, and that the flexibility of this structure is its most important feature. On the other hand, the coordination of the organization with local authorities presents its single most important management challenge. Thus, the study concludes by pointing out that despite its real achievements during the relief and rehabilitation phase, and the local effectiveness of its development programs, organizations like World Vision cannot by themselves solve the problems of Africa.
(Un)learning to teach: a narrative inquiry into the experiences of Canadian teacher-returnees from Northeast Asia

Teachers who have decided to teach in foreign cultures and school cultures have taken steps to change their professional landscapes. They must adapt to working with students and colleagues who may have different perspectives on teaching and learning. This shift in personal and professional context may lead to the creation of new teacher identities, resulting from a transformation in teachers' cultural identities. This investigation explores the cultural and identity impact of intercultural teaching experiences and examines the potential of such curricular situations for contributing to multicultural education and educational globalization. This research is a self-study narrative inquiry with 3 co-participants, following the research tradition of Connelly and Clandinin (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988; Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). The field texts for this study comprise my stories of experience and those of my co-participants which we encountered in schools as students, student teachers, and teachers in Canada and either Hong Kong or Japan. I collected the experiential stories for this study via five interviews, individual reflective writing assignments, and through participant observation at Bay Street School. Examination of my co-participants' and my own stories of experience have led me to uncover transitions in our identities via our cross-cultural experiences. I have also gained insight into how upon Canadian reentry our hybrid identities enable us to interpenetrate intercultural teaching methods within multicultural curricular situations. As a result of the findings from this study, I recommend the addition or expansion of various forms of intercultural teaching to the curricula of teacher education programs to potentially enhance multicultural education in Canadian schools. Additionally, I suggest globalization efforts through intercultural teaching as a potentially beneficial means of educating Canadian society about other cultures to prepare for an increasingly culturally diverse society, and to meet the growing needs of a shrinking, interconnected world.
Some determinants of the glycaemic index of bread

Bread in many cultures contributes a major proportion of dietary CH 2O. Bread is, therefore, a major determinant in successfully designing low glycaemic index (GI) diets. Changes in manufacturers formulations may have altered the GI of commercial breads. Commercial breads with characteristics thought to result in a lower GI were therefore tested including: intact rye kernel, a lower pH and higher viscous fibre, in groups of 10 healthy subjects. Standard GI testing was used. Subjects consumed 50g available CH2O portions of test breads and three white bread controls. Commercial breads with higher intact kernel content or lower pH were not lower in GI compared to control. GI of breads containing ground flaxseed was significantly lower than non-flaxseed matched controls (p = 0.019), when results were pooled. No correlation was found between GI and intact rye kernels, lower pH or total dietary fibre.
Identification keys and the natural method: The development of text-based information management tools in botany in the long 18th century

Botany was undergoing an information overload crisis in the late 17th century. By the beginnings of the 18th century, there were over 18,000 described kinds of plants---far too many for anyone to memorize. Botanists coped by shifting to text-based ways of organizing information about plants called "systems" or "methods."Initially, botanists produced arrangements of plants meant to be simultaneously as congruent with nature as possible and as easy to use for plant identification. Over time, they saw that it would be more efficient to switch to using separate schemes optimized to perform each of these functions. These schemes grew into the natural method, reflective of plants' relationships, and identification keys, which are easier to use. Proponents of the two technologies split into rival camps. A mismatch between theory and practice in the 18th century hampered meaningful discussion about classification until the turn of the 19th century. At that time, when botanical instruction in France surged in the wake of the French Revolution, botany teachers combined the natural method and identification keys with alphabetical indexes to create the format of the modern field guide. This innovation was not accepted in Great Britain for another generation due to cultural and political factors. During the long 18th century, botanists had to overcome many technological and psychological obstacles, including the high cost of illustrating texts, difficulties in obtaining complete specimens, a lack of terminological and other standards, and prejudices against textual features that enhance readers' ability to search for information. Stumbling blocks preventing a balanced historical evaluation of the origin of botanical classifications, such as the reading back of disciplinary boundaries into the past, misunderstandings of terminology, and philosophical prejudices about what is important in history, are also examined. The work ends with a discussion of the multiple invention of a classificatory technology and its implications for the history of science.

Keywords: Plants, History
Botany, History
Dante e la cultura bizantina: La presenza di Dionigi Areopagita nel "Paradiso."

The research arose out of a Pertusi's idea, that the kind of blessed souls Dante chose to put in each of the nine heavens has been determined by the kind of angels in that heaven. My study proves that this is true and also shows that angelology was not the only principle Dante used to select his kinds of blessed; astrology was the other, and it was not a competing factor with angelology. In doing so, he was helped by Albertus Magnus' commentary on the De Caelesti Hierarchia and, as far as I know, this will be the first time that this work is taken into discussion in Dante's studies as a source of his scheme for the heavenly kingdom. The most striking proof that Dante read Albertus' commentary is the duty he gives to the angels called Thrones. ...
Instruction as service or commodity: the outsourcing of education

The education system has traditionally provided instruction as a public service. But increasingly, instruction is treated as a commodity in the continuum of educational goods and services such as textbooks, bussing, and speech pathology. This work identifies changes in societal beliefs that impact the educational system, examines the expanding Education Industry---particularly in relation to two companies, Sylvan and Berlitz, and reports on findings (regarding benefits and problems for students, schools and administrators) that emerge from interviews the author conducted with 18 administrators from schools using the services of these companies. Inquiry in this field has been limited. This dissertation presents an extensive agenda for future scholarship including the critical question of the purpose of a public education system in modern society.

Keywords: Education, Aims and objectives
Education, North America
School choice, North America
Education, Economic aspects
Education, North America
Education and state, North America
The marvelous in stories and the magic of the mind: the role of the imagination in learning and knowing

Across diverse literary genres, from fairy tales to magic realism, there exists a collection of stories infused with the marvelous, here called marvelous stories. In an unfolding of texts and images, this work recreates an arts-based, postmodern self-study of marvelous stories and their intimate connection with the human mind. The reader will encounter quotes from marvelous stories the author has read, the author's own creative writing and photography, journal entries, and academic speculations. These texts combine to present the author's experience: Freedom from the rules of reality provoked a freedom in her thinking, releasing her intuitive knowledge through the marvelous. An examination of concepts such as intuition, imagination, meaning, metaphor, and language locate this study amidst the philosophies of literary criticism, postmodernism, aesthetics, psychoanalysis, and epistemology. Gradually, an argument evolves for the marvelous story as an arts-based education tool that retrains us to think with the whole self.

Keywords: Imagination
Marvelous, The
Marvelous, The, in literature
Learning
Hydrodynamic scaling limit of the continuum solid-on-solid model

In this thesis we compute the hydrodynamic scaling limit of the continuum solid-on-solid model. The model, also known as the fourth order Ginzburg-Landau model, has been built to understand the relaxation to equilibrium of a crystal surface through surface diffusion. We use Varadhan's method developed to compute the scaling limit of nongradient models. To prove the decomposition theorem for the space of closed functions we use Fourier analysis. The complete result is just for a quadratic potential.