VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Staging the Bright Life: White-Collar Cinema in Japan’s Era of High Economic Growth (1954-1971)

This dissertation, titled “Staging the Bright Life: White-Collar Cinema in Japan’s Era of High Economic Growth (1954-1971),” examines the ubiquity of the male white-collar employee (or salaryman) in Japanese media, focusing specifically on this figure’s iteration in studio cinema during the decades following the Second World War. Although first emerging during the expansion of industrial capitalism and the managerial class in the 1920s and ‘30s, I argue that the salaryman acquired an exceptional ideological centrality in the era of high economic growth (1954-1971), bolstered by mass media representations, which profoundly shaped popular perceptions and discourse on work, class, gender, and national identity. In particular, I take up studio cinema contextualized within serialized fiction, advertising, popular social science texts, and management literature to elucidate what I term a “mass cultural theorization” of the salaryman, in which he was posited as both an object of fascination elaborated through analysis of his working patterns, consumption practices, and intimate relationships, as well as a subject of identification framed as an “everyman” specific to the era. Such texts enlist a set of narrative and formal conventions that situated the individual within the unprecedented expansion of Japan’s postwar economy, thus dramatizing the suffusion of economic logics into everyday life for what was in fact a demographically heterogeneous audience./nBy elucidating salaryman cinema, an integral yet neglected genre of Japanese studio film, my research functions both as a cultural history of this figure’s central role in the fabrication of an enduring middle-class image of Japan as well as an inquiry into the status of Japanese postwar cinema as a medium in flux. Attending to Tōhō Studios and its films such as the Company President series (1956-1970), The Elegant Life of Mr. Everyman (1963), and You Can Succeed Too (1964), amongst others, both tracks the salaryman figure’s mediation of the high growth era’s economic and cultural shifts, and indexes film’s compensatory transformations as it was decentralized and resituated amongst emergent concepts of leisure and mass media. I argue that these films and the contingencies of their production are important for both understanding the industrial response to film’s much discussed decline post-1958, as well as locating in these responses an image of an expanding white-collar world of leisure technologies and consumption. I claim that the compensatory measures of studio cinema to maintain viewers mobilized articulations of the media and leisure technologies towards which white-collar cinema's salaryman-spectators migrated.

Advisor: Bao, Weihong
Sas, Miryam
Lysosomal Function in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Cancer cells rely on profoundly altered metabolic pathways for their ability to outgrow normal cells and to survive nutritional, energetic and immunological challenges./nPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an especially aggressive malignancy that displays a significantly altered metabolism and for which there is a lack of effective therapies. The profoundly altered metabolism of PDA, which allows it to scavenge nutrients that fuel its aberrant growth, could also represent a liability that can be exploited in therapeutic settings. PDA cells obtain metabolic building blocks via two scavenging processes, autophagy and macropinocytosis. Autophagy allows specific or bulk trafficking of intracellular organelles and proteins to the lysosome for degradation and recycling into its constituent monomers. Macropinocytosis allows for uptake of extracellular fluid, lipids, and proteins, which get trafficked to the lysosome for degradation. Both of these nutrient acquisition routes culminate at the lysosome,/na catabolic organelle that serves as a hub for recycling and storage of many important nutrient types. Recent studies have shown that lysosomes are upregulated in PDA cells via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, making lysosomal function paramount for PDA function and growth. While PDA cells are highly dependent on lysosomal function, little is known about the unique alterations in the PDA lysosomal proteome that allow for the increased metabolic flux from macropinocytosis and autophagy and their potential as novel therapeutic targets./nHere, I identified phospholipase B domain containing protein 1, PLBD1, as one of the most upregulated proteins in the lysosomes of PDA cells compared to non-PDA cells. PLBD1 expression is driven by the MiT/TFE family of proteins that are decoupled in PDA allowing constitutive activity. Loss of PLBD1 leads to morphologically enlarged lysosomes that are incapable of executing trafficking functions of autophagic machinery. Consistent with the key role of the lysosome in PDA growth, depleting PLBD1 leads to severe defects in proliferation of PDA cells but not their non-cancerous counterparts./nAnother key requirement for PDA growth is the transfer of lysosome-derived nutrients to mitochondria for their utilization, but how this process occurs is largely unknown. In recent years, physical contact sites between organelles have emerged as a major mechanism allowing the transport of nutrients that enable metabolic reactions and signaling. To dissect the functions of this key but poorly understood process, I developed a proximity-based ligation assay as a measure for mitochondria-lysosome contact formation, as well as a chemically controlled tethering system to force contact between lysosomes and mitochondria. Overall, my graduate work identified PLBD1 as a major component of lysosomes in PDA cells and established valuable tools to study the dynamics of lysosomal nutrient transfer in PDA cells.

Advisor: Zoncu, Roberto
Development of a Magnesium Semi-solid Redox Flow Battery

To combat the effects of global warming, renewable energy sources are desirable but produce power intermittently, greatly limiting their ability to fulfill electricity demand on the grid. Storing energy produced for the grid and dispensing it at a later time would remove a major obstacle in the adoption of renewable energy sources. However, grid scale energy storage must be inexpensive to be cost-competitive with existing energy sources such as coal and natural gas. Batteries have been widely considered due to their energy storage capabilities, but existing technologies are too expensive, often limited by raw material cost and difficulty scaling to high capacity installations. Flow batteries are designed for scaling to high capacities, but existing materials remain too costly for widespread adoption./nSemi solid flow batteries (SSFB) are developed by forming suspensions of electrochemically active and conductive particles for use as an anolyte or catholyte in a flow battery. By utilizing micron-scale powders from mature battery chemistries in a flowable suspension, the benefits of energy-dense intercalation chemistries with the scalability of flow battery architectures can be combined for low cost electrochemical storage. Presently, a narrow set of materials has been explored, focusing on chemistries with a lithium anode. In this work, a magnesium SSFB with an optimized MoS2 cathodic slurry is demonstrated as a low cost and high material abundance alternative to lithium-based chemistries./nIn this work, a mixed ionic-electronic conductive network is designed around a dual-ion (Mg2+, Li+) electrolyte, by combining the all-phenyl complex electrolyte (APC) with LiCl. MoS2 and Ketjenblack (KB) are dispersed in the APC+LiCl electrolyte to form the cathodic slurry. The rheological, electrical, and electrochemical properties of APC-MoS2-KB slurries with varying compositions have been measured. Full cells, with a Mg foil anode and MoS2 slurry cathode, are shown to cycle reversibly in a non-flowing and flowing configuration, reaching 225mAh/g discharge capacity. LiCl concentration and KB concentration are identified as critical to high capacity slurry cathodes. The relative impacts of Mg2+ and Li+ are quantitatively analyzed, showing that both ions are active and reversible during cycling. The rate capability of the optimized slurry is characterized and discussed, and long term cycling tests are presented, showing non-flowing and flowing slurry batteries for 135 cycles. This work provides experimental data and insight into how existing low cost material sets can be utilized in a semi solid flow battery architecture.

Advisor: Subramanian, Vivek
Bioconjugation and Delivery of Cas9 RNPs

The advent of CRISPR based gene editing has transformed both basic scientific research and the development of new medicines and treatments. These complex proteins promise freedom to modify any gene at will but must be carefully delivered to prevent degradation or off-target editing. This dissertation describes work to encapsulate Cas9 within the bacteriophage MS2 protein scaffold, and later to modify the Cas9 protein itself to allow for more efficient delivery and editing. Cas9 was successfully encapsulated within the MS2 VLP, but showed high sensitivity to RNase degradation.Towards the modification of the Cas9 ribonuclear protein, a novel protein modification reaction using the enzyme tyrosinase was developed, enabling modification and delivery of Cas9 using cationic delivery peptides. The tyrosinase reaction was further used to fuse a variety of proteins to immunoglobulin derivatives including scFvs, nanobodies, and IgG1 Fc domains. Cas9-immunoglobulin fusions were shown to induce tolerance in in vivo mouse model studies, highlighting the potential of tyrosinase coupling to mediate Cas9 protein fusions. Prokaryotic tyrosinases were explored for their potential as universal protein activators, of which the tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium showed exciting promise as a universal activator. Using substrate charge preference data from the tyrosinase screens we were able to design charged tyrosine tags that enabled sequential activation and coupling of protein trimers.

Advisor: Francis, Matthew B
Doudna, Jennifer A
The Latina Jacobins: Marxist-Leninist Latina Women, Industrial Unionism, and the Fall of Labor in the Southwest, 1919-1952

This dissertation explains the decline of labor unions in the Southwest during the mid-twentieth century by studying Latina radicals’ political activities from strike wave that occurred after World War I through the first two years of the Korean War. Although working-class Latinas joined industrial labor unions in large numbers, labor leaders and reformers throughout the region failed to propose comprehensive fiscal, administrative, social, and political reforms during the 1930s. CIO affiliates consolidated their gains, won NLRB elections, and formed political action committees after the U.S. entered World War II, and industrial workers won equal pay, desegregated unions, and inched closer towards winning industry-wide bargaining after 1943. The colonial war against Korea and the deportation of Luisa Moreno caused the demise of industrial unionism, because these two events discouraged police officers from allying with other workers, made dismissals of Communist public employees possible, and isolated Sinophiles within the military.

Advisor: Martin, Waldo E.
Design for Performance and Reliability in Advanced CMOS Structures

In the past few decades, the central theme of the electronics industry is to increase the transistor density by reducing the transistor area, as required by the Moore's Law. The paradigm shift from the planar CMOS technology to the FinFET technology sustains this area scaling trend into sub-20nm era. The enhancement in the transistor electrostatics in the FinFET enables further scaling of the gate length and hence the contacted poly pitch (CPP). Meanwhile, the quest for area scaling also comes from the width (or fin pitch) and height dimensions. By reducing the fin pitch and increasing the fin height, the current density of the FinFET can be improved. Consequently, circuit designers can use fewer fins to meet the same current requirement and save area simultaneously, a scheme commonly referred to as "fin-depopulation." However, the aforementioned approaches start to show diminishing returns and meet excessive fabrication challenges. To further improve the current density and reduce the area, novel channel materials with high mobility (e.g., SiGe) and/or new structures with even better electrostatics (e.g., Inserted-oxide FinFET (iFinFET), Gate-All-Around FET, Nanosheet FET) are projected to be used in the future./nIn the first part of the talk, the performance of a p-channel FinFET comprising a heterogeneous silicon (Si) and silicon-germanium (Si_{0.9}Ge_{0.1}) channel region is evaluated using 3-D TCAD simulations. It is shown that the hetero-channel design provides for larger current density while maintaining comparable electrostatic integrity as the conventional Si FinFET design due to the valence band (VB) offset between SiGe and Si./nSecondly, a scheme for controllably adjusting transistor drive strength in iFinFET technology is proposed, to enable cell ratio tuning for a minimally sized six-transistor SRAM (6-T Static Random Access Memory) cell. It is demonstrated, via 3-D TCAD simulation, that this scheme can reduce the minimum cell operating voltage (V_{min}) and facilitate further cell area scaling./nLastly, as the transistor area continues to shrink, self-heating effects of these small-geometry transistors have been of great concern as it limits the electrical performance and degrades the reliability of transistors. It is important to understand how self-heating may be for these new transistor structures as compared to FinFETs. The performance of advanced transistor structures (i.e., FinFET, Gate-All-Around FET, and Nanosheet FET) is simulated and compared under the constraints of the self-heating. An optimization guideline for nanosheet FETs is also proposed based on the study of various design parameters on the self-heating effects.

Advisor: King Liu, Tsu-Jae
Facing an Altered Future: Essays on the Economic Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation

In this dissertation, the reader will find four essays examining the empirical effects of future climate change, while accounting for both adaptation as well as its costs. In three of these essays, we uncover climate impacts that result in a substantially altered future from/nour present reality: crop yields in sharp decline (while accounting for costly adaptation); cropped areas shifted away from present-day locations; and increased human mortality, with costly adaptations undertaken to avoid even further excess deaths. In one essay, we estimate that the impact of climate change on global energy consumption will be small in aggregate due to offsetting effects from more hot days but fewer cold days, though regional disparities may be important./nSeveral conclusions follow. First, accounting for both adaptation and its costs is important for grounding an accurate estimate of the social cost of carbon. Second, performing these analyses at a global scale and with high spatial resolution reveals important sources of heterogeneity -- both in impacts as well as in the magnitude of adaptation. Third, results such as these may be useful inputs to the Integrated Assessment Modeling community, improving the empirical grounding of the damage functions employed./nIn these essays, we seek to include information from as globally representative a sample as possible, and where possible estimate heterogeneous effects for the global rich versus the global poor. We also seek to graphically illustrate projected effects so that non-expert readers can locate themselves within the empirical estimates we produce.

Advisor: Auffhammer, Maximilian
Hsiang, Solomon
Development and Applications of Multiplexed Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a ubiquitous method in analytical science, with applications ranging from physics to molecular biology. The fundamental nature of mass makes weighing molecules and/or their fragments a reliable way to characterize identity, structure, and function. Conventional MS methods work by measuring the mass to charge ratio (m/z) of an ensemble of ionized analyte molecules. The mass is then determined by multiplying the m/z by the charge (z) of the ion, a quantity that is typically determined either by ionization method or by measuring the spacing between m/z peaks. For smaller molecules, deconvolving the charge from the m/z spectrum is straightforward, but becomes increasingly difficult for large molecules (>1 MDa) or samples that contain heterogeneous mixtures because m/z peaks overlap and are unresolved. Single ion MS techniques circumvent this problem by measuring the mass of individual ions via independent measurements of both the m/z and the charge, but these measurement methods are typically too time-consuming to be practical for acquiring the thousands of ions necessary to produce meaningful mass spectrum. This dissertation focuses on the development and application of multiplexed charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a single ion MS technique that enables much faster individual ion mass measurements. A novel data analysis method that uses the amplitudes of the first and second harmonic frequencies in the Fourier transform of ion signal to dynamically determine ion energies is demonstrated. By monitoring the ion energies of individually trapped ions in CDMS, information about ion cross section and neutral solvent evaporation is obtained. For the first time, multiplexed CDMS measurements are demonstrated and the time necessary to acquire a statistically significant sample of individual ion data is decreased by an order of magnitude compared to other CDMS techniques. Simulations of optimized CDMS data show that multiplexed measurements combined with a novel method for decoupling ion m/z and frequency can further decrease the ion acquisition time to less than one minute. These CDMS techniques are applied to the study of the mechanisms of electrospray ionization for nanometer-sized droplets and macromolecules originating from different aqueous solutions and new insights on these previously difficult to measure systems are gained.

Advisor: Williams, Evan R
Physics-Informed Data Assimilation and Data-Driven Reduced Order Model

Data from physics simulation is utilized in data assimilation and reduced order model./nFirst of all, data assimilation technique for additive manufacturing (AM) processes is developed. Physics simulation data of the AM process is enhanced by fusing it with measured data using Kalman filter. It enables better monitoring of AM processes in real-time, which is essential for on-line control of system parameters to produce high-quality parts. Furthermore, this combined system outputs uncertainty measurements on the state estimation that can be used as guide for sensor positioning control, resulting in the closed-loop feedback control system./nSecondly, a fast and accurate physics-informed neural network reduced order model (ROM), namely nonlinear manifold ROM is developed. The high-fidelity simulation data is used to train the neural network model to learn the solution space representation. The novel ROM can better approximate high-fidelity model solutions with a smaller latent space dimension than the traditional linear subspace ROMs. To the best of author’s knowledge, this ROM is the first kind of the neural network ROM that utilizes the existing numerical discretization of the full order model and achieves a noticeable speed-up without losing much accuracy at the same time. The speed-up of the method was enabled by choosing a sparse shallow neural network as the nonlinear manifold and applying efficient hyper-reduction computation. Its performance is demonstrated in two numerical examples which are 1D inviscid Burgers' equation and 2D viscous Burgers' equation with high Reynolds number./nFinally, a space-time ROM for linear dynamical systems is introduced. The space-time ROM accelerates solution processes considerably with high accuracy. This ROM is based on data-driven linear subspace solution representation where the high-fidelity simulation data is used to build a space-time basis. The Galerkin and least-squares Petrov-Galerkin projection space-time ROMs are formulated and their performances are demonstrated using 2D linear diffusion equation and 2D linear convection-diffusion equation. The sample Python code is presented for educational purpose. It is worth introducing the linear subspace-based space-time ROM because the linear dynamical systems are being extensively used. For example, there are electric circuit analysis, signal processing, and semi-discretized partial differential equations.

Advisor: Zohdi, Tarek
Sensing Systems Using Large Area Printed Organic Electronics

Organic electronics is an emerging technology with advantages of mechanical flexibility,/nsolution-processability, and high-throughput manufacturing at low temperatures on inexpensive/nand light-weight substrates such as plastic, paper, and fiber in large-scales not possible/nwith high-temperature processing techniques. While the performance of devices cannot rival/nthe silicon counterpart, the performance should be tuned to meet the required specifications/nof the application in mind. This thesis will overview the performance of the organic thin/ntransistors (OTFTs) and organic phototransistors (OPTs) optimized and used for circuits/nand large area sensing applications. The work first covers the printing techniques employed/nfor the fabrication of organic devices on the flexible substrate. There have been device-level/noptimizations for scale ratio tuning and power improvement by using a bilayer gate dielectric/nstructure. We also introduce a novel technique for rapid and digital modulation of the scale/nratios. Interconnection is done with the screen printing method for the fabrication of printed/nflexible logic circuits and an OTFT weak classifier for data classification. The OPTs, with/na good dual performance as both transistor and photodetector, are capable of merging the/nsensing and function generation in one substrate, which can reduce system complexity.

Advisor: Claudia Arias, Ana
Low-loss and nonlinear silicon-based integrated photonic circuits

Photonic integrated circuits enable tight integration of optical components used as building blocks for much larger optical systems, similarly to electronic integrated circuits. In particular, silicon-based photonics can leverage the yield and scaling technology improvements that also benefit the electronics industry. Moreover, photonic integrated circuits can reduce the power consumption in communication and computation applications, and open the door to new applications in sensing and ranging./nThe design of linear and nonlinear passive photonic components is key to the performance improvement of integrated photonics. In the first part of this dissertation, we present a platform for creating on-chip frequency combs using materials with a large third-order nonlinear index. Specifically, using chalcogenide glass waveguides, we produce a frequency comb spanning greater than an octave bandwidth using input optical pulses on the picojoule level. In the second part, we discuss fabrication processes and optical designs to improve the fiber-to-chip coupling loss, which is a limiting factor in large-scale optical switch applications. We present the design of an adiabatic evanescent coupler that is polarization diverse and has a bandwidth greater than 100 nm in the O band. Our design achieves better than 2 dB insertion loss and is compatible with different photonic fabrication processes.

Advisor: Wu, Ming C.