VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The search for continuity in the face of change in the Anglican writings of John Henry Newman

This dissertation provides an analysis of the attempts by John Henry Newman to account for the historical reality of doctrinal change within Christianity in the light of his lasting conviction that the idea of Christianity is fixed by reference to the dogmatic content of the deposit of faith. The existing literature on Newman is enormous and wide-ranging but this present work fills a notable gap by treating Newman at any particular point in the account as a person with an open future, where his present acts are not determined by later events, and where any apologetic intent has to be identified and accounted for by reference to the immediate matter under consideration and the contemporaneous evidence. The argument of the thesis is that Newman proposed a series of hypotheses to account for the apparent contradiction between change and continuity, that this series begins much earlier than is generally recognised and that the final hypothesis he was to propose, contained in An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, (‘Essay’), provided a methodology of lasting theological value.
The introduction establishes the centrality of the problem of change and continuity to Newman's theological work as an Anglican, its part in his conversion to Roman Catholicism and its contemporary relevance to Roman Catholic theology. It also surveys the major secondary literature relating to the question, with particular reference to those works published within the last fifty years. In the first main chapter, covering the period to the publication of his first major work, The Arians of the Fourth Century, in 1833, Newman's earliest awareness of the problem and first attempts to solve it are considered. The growing confidence of Newman's Tractarian period and his development of the notion of the Via Media form the second chapter and the collapse of that confidence, the subject matter of the third. The fourth chapter is concerned with the emergence of the theory of development and the writing and content of the Essay. The conclusion considers the legacy of the Essay as a tool in Newman’s theology and in the work of later theologians, finally suggesting that it may offer a useful methodological contribution to the contemporary Roman Catholic debate about hermeneutical approaches to the Second Vatican Council.

Keywords: doctrine
Newman
Catholic
development
Anglican
Vatican II
dogma
Roman Catholic
Advisor: Chapman, M
Autonomy, rationality and contemporary bioethics

Personal autonomy is often lauded as a key value in contemporary bioethics. In this thesis, I aim to provide a rationalist account of personal autonomy that avoids the philosophical flaws present in theories of autonomy that are often invoked in bioethics, and that can be usefully applied to contemporary bioethical issues. I claim that we can understand the concept of autonomy to incorporate two dimensions, which I term the 'reflective' and 'practical' dimensions of autonomy. I suggest that the reflective dimension pertains to the critical reflection that agents must carry out on their motivating desires, in order to be autonomous with respect to them. I begin by rejecting prominent desire-based and historical accounts of this dimension of autonomy, before going on to defend an account based upon a Parfitian analysis of rational desires. Following this analysis of the reflective dimension of autonomy, I argue that autonomy can also be understood to incorporate a practical dimension, pertaining to the agent's ability to act effectively in pursuit of their ends. I claim that recognising this dimension of autonomy more comprehensively reflects the way in which we use the concept of autonomy in bioethics, and makes salient the fact that agents carry out their rational deliberations in the light of their beliefs about what they are able to do. I go on to argue that this latter point means that my account of autonomy can offer a deeper explanation of why coercion undermines autonomy than other prominent accounts. Having considered the prudential value of autonomy in the light of this theoretical analysis, in the latter half of the thesis I apply my rationalist account of autonomy to a number of contemporary bioethical issues, including the use of human enhancement technologies, the nature of informed consent, and the doctor-patient relationship.

Keywords: freedom
bioethics
autonomy
consent
rationality
Advisor: Crisp, R
Savulescu, J
The achievement of female presence on film

This thesis examines the different ways films have explored female presence as a narrative and stylistic concern. The role of female presence in the creation of film meaning has often been reductively minimised or altogether neglected within many theoretical approaches to cinema. Depictions of female characters—especially those found in Hollywood films—have been viewed by feminist critics only in terms of the manifestation of sexist ideological principles, whilst more recently, 'affective' film theorists have reduced the role of presence to a simple question of fluctuating physical intensity. This thesis contests these limiting and monolithic understandings of the function of female presence by demonstrating how films have produced complex and diverse meanings through their portrayals of women characters. Closely analysing films by six directors from various styles of cinema, including examples from Classic Hollywood film and more experimental or avant-garde works, the thesis contends that films can raise the question of the condition of a female character's presence as a vital component of meaning. It illuminates how the subject of female presence is advanced, moment-to-moment, as a crucial element in the achievement of these films' intricately wrought dramas. The thesis therefore shows that female film presence is neither simply a symptom of ideology, nor a vehicle for varying degrees of affective intensity. Rather, it is something which is actively at stake in the drama and the design of films.

Keywords: Film Aesthetics
Presence
Female Presence
Film
Advisor: Klevan, A
The economics of Ireland's property market bubble

This doctorate explores key aspects of the economics of housing by examining Ireland's housing market bubble of the early 2000s. For earlier chapters, the main source material is a previously unused dataset of almost two million property listings, covering the entire country from 2006 until 2012, maintained by property website daft.ie. An initial chapter outlines stylised facts of Ireland's housing market 2007-2012, including a greater spread of prices over property size in the crash but a narrower spread of rents. In contrast, the geographical spread of prices and rents was largely unchanged. The spread of rents was constrained relative to the spread of prices, suggesting either renter search thresholds or buyer "lock-in" effects. To examine which was at work, the daft.ie dataset is combined with information on a range of amenities, including landscape, transport, education, social capital and market depth. Overall, there is clear evidence that the rent effects of a range of amenities are smaller than the price effects. There is limited evidence of procyclical amenity pricing, which would indicate "lock-in" effects, with the analysis suggesting instead countercyclical pricing, or "property ladder" effects during the bubble. Results from these analyses are based on listed price and rents, rather than transaction prices. The relationship between the two is examined in a separate chapter, using an additional Central Bank of Ireland dataset on mortgages. The spread between list and sale prices gap that exists between the two is decomposed into four parts, a selection spread, a matching spread, a counteroffer spread and a drawdown spread. A selection spread of up to 10% emerged in the Irish housing market after 2009, while the counteroffer spread was positive before 2009 but negative for much of the period 2009-2011. The final chapter uses both inverted-demand and price-rent ratio methods to examine the long-run determinants of house prices in Ireland from 1980 on. In addition to careful treatment of standard fundamentals, it includes a measure of credit conditions as well as the ratio of persons to households, both contributions to the literature. The resulting inverted demand error-correction model shows a clear and stable long-run relationship, which is largely preserved when cointegration between series is explored. Similarly, a model of the price-rent ratio from 2000 shows clear error-correction properties. Together, they suggest that while a range of factors drove Irish house prices 1995-2001, credit conditions were largely responsible for the subsequent increase.

Keywords: property market
housing markets
bubble
real estate
Ireland
economics
Advisor: Muellbauer, J
The role of CD5 in T lymphocyte activation

In order to prevent autoimmune diseases the immune system must be tightly regulated. One mechanism that the immune system uses to prevent autoimmunity is through the use of regulatory receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes. In this thesis I have concentrated on the role of one such receptor, CD5, in T lymphocyte activation. CD5 is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine rich superfamily and is expressed, along with the closely related CD6, on T cells and a subset of B cells. CD5 is known for its inhibition of thymocyte selection but its function in peripheral T cell activation remains unclear.
In this thesis I demonstrate that OX19, a rat CD5 monoclonal antibody (mAb), will block extracellular engagement of CD5 in vitro resulting in an increase in proliferation following T cell activation. In demonstrating the mode of action of OX19 I show that extracellular engagement of CD5 will inhibit T cell activation in vitro. I also demonstrate that OX19 does not modulate CD5 from the surface in vitro whereas it does modulate CD5 in vivo.
Another key finding in this thesis is that differential phosphorylation of the three tyrosines in the CD5 cytoplasmic tail can account for positive and negative signalling by CD5 during T cell activation. Evidence here demonstrates that CD5 Y1 is required for positive signalling which becomes more apparent in the absence of costimulation by the coreceptor, CD2. CD5 Y2 and Y3 are required for the CD5 mediated inhibition of T cell activation. Phosphorylation of these tyrosines is also necessary for CD5 regulation of CD3 down modulation following TCR triggering. These data point to a potential molecular mechanism involving CD5 regulation of CD3 down modulation creating control of T cell activation as well as a potential for cross talk between another coreceptor CD2.
Direct and indirect associations of the phosphorylated tyrosines in CD5 was analysed here using a combination of a screen of binding affinities of SH2 domains with CD5 phospho-peptides and mass spectrometry of CD5 associated proteins. SH2 domains measured in this thesis did not show a high binding capacity to tyrosine phosphorylated CD5 peptides indicating that CD5 mediates transient interactions with signalling proteins. The region in the cytoplasmic tail in CD6, CD6Y3Y4, which lies at the same distance from the membrane as the C-terminus of CD5, will bind to Itk and Lck. Given CD5 and CD6 are often coexpressed this would allow phosphorylation of CD5 by these two kinases providing a molecular mechanism underlying cooperation between CD5 and CD6.

Keywords: Tyrosine Phosphorylation
T Lymphocyte
Immunology
Signalling
CD5
Scavenger Receptor Cysteine Rich
Advisor: Brown, M
The dynamics of social assistance benefit receipt

This dissertation consists of three articles on social assistance benefit receipt dynamics in European countries.
The first article presents an analysis of state dependence in benefit receipt in Germany based on annual survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The observation period extends from 1995 to 2011, thus covering the 2005 'Hartz reforms'. I estimate a series of dynamic random-effects probit models to control for observed and unobserved heterogeneity and the endogeneity of initial conditions. The high observed state dependence has a substantial structural component, with benefit receipt one year ago being associated with an increase in the likelihood of receipt today by 13 percentage points. There is only little evidence for time-variation in state dependence.
The second article presents evidence on spell durations and the frequency of repeat spells using monthly administrative data from Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. In the two Nordic countries, short-term benefit receipt is the norm, with only around 6% and 11% of spells in Norway and Sweden lasting longer than 12 months. Most recipients however have multiple spells. In Luxembourg and the Netherlands, long-term benefit receipt is frequent, with median spell durations of 14 and 9 months, respectively, and one-third and one-quarter of all spells lasting 24 months or longer. The total duration of benefit receipt across spells is much higher in the Netherlands and Luxembourg than in Norway and Sweden.
The third article tests the validity of one of the central assumptions of dynamic discrete-choice models of benefit dynamics, the conditional Markov property. Using monthly administrative data from Norway, the article shows that the Markov property is violated as estimated state dependence is affected by the chosen time unit of analysis. The standard model can be improved by permitting for different entry and persistence equations and duration and occurrence dependence in benefit receipt.

Keywords: Benefit Dynamics
Minimum-Income Benefits
Welfare Benefits
State Dependence
Social Assistance Benefits
Advisor: Atkinson, T
Bond, S
The complexity of graph polynomials

This thesis examines graph polynomials and particularly their complexity. We give short proofs of two results from Gessel and Sagan (1996) which present new evaluations of the Tutte polynomial concerning orientations. A theorem of Massey et al (1997) gives an expression concerning the average size of a forest in a graph. We generalise this result to any simplicial complex. We answer a question posed by Kleinschmidt and Onn (1995) by showing that the language of partitionable simplicial complexes is in NP.
We prove the following result concerning the complexity of the Tutte polynomial:
Theorem 1. For any fixed k, there exists a polynomial time algorithm A, which will input any graph G, with tree-width at most k, and rational numbers x and y, and evaluate the Tutte polynomial, T(G;x,y).
The rank generating function S of a graphic 2-polymatroid was introduced by Oxley and Whittle (1993). It has many similarities to the Tutte polynomial and we prove the following results.
Theorem 2. Evaluating S at a fixed point (u,v) is #P-hard unless uv=1 when there is a polynomial time algorithm.
Theorem 3. For any fixed k, there exists a polynomial time algorithm A, which will input any graph G, with tree-width at most k, and rational numbers u and v, and evaluate S(G;u,v).
We consider a class of graphs S
, which are those graphs which are obtainable from a graph with no edges using the unsigned version of Reidemeister moves. We examine the relationship between this class and other similarly defined classes such as the delta-wye graphs. There remain many open questions such as whether S contains every graph. However we have an invariant of the moves, based on the Tutte polynomial, which allows us to determine from which graph with no edges, if any, a particular graph can be obtained.
Finally we consider a new polynomial on weighted graphs which is motivated by the study of weight systems on chord diagrams. We give three states model and a recipe theorem. An unweighted version of this polynomial is shown to contain as specialisations, a wide range of graph invariants, such as the Tutte polynomial, the polymatroid polynomial of Oxley and Whittle (1993) and the symmetric function generalisation of the chromatic polynomial introduced by Stanley (1995). We close with a discussion of complexity issues proving hardness results for very restricted classes of graphs.

Keywords: Tutte polynomial
Vassiliev invariant
knot polynomial
simplicial complex
polymatroid
computational complexity
knot graphs
graph polynomial
graphs of bounded tree-width
delta-wye graphs
Advisor: Welsh, D
Electromagnetically induced transparency and light storage in optically dense atomic vapour

This thesis set out to investigate light storage based on dynamic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a room-temperature atomic ensemble of rubidium as a means to provide a quantum memory for single-photons created by a single rubidium atom coupled to a high-finesse optical resonator.
Setting up the light storage medium presented a new addition to the research group's portfolio of experimental techniques and led to investigations of EIT, slow light and stored light in warm rubidium-87 vapour. Lambda level schemes connecting Zeeman or hyperfine substates on the D1 and D2 lines were addressed in rubidium vapour cells containing different buffer gases and different isotopic fractions of rubidium-87 and rubidium-85.
Single beam spectroscopy with a weak probe was used to characterise the vapour cells. A numerical method to fit the D line spectrum to a theoretical model to include isotopic fractions and collisional broadening of a buffer gas has been implemented. Temperature and isotopic fractions could be reliably extracted from the fit parameters.
For an offset-stabilisation of two lasers to address a lambda level scheme connecting the two different hyperfine groundstates in rubidium a phase locked loop including a frequency divider has been designed and implemented.
Light storage and retrieval has been demonstrated using a Zeeman scheme on the D1 line. Two microsecond long classical light pulses containing one million photons on average were stored and retrieved with an efficiency of 15% after a delay of one microsecond.
Several methods of attenuating the strong co-propagating control laser beam to allow for lowering the signal pulse intensity in future experiments are discussed.

Keywords: Rubidium
EIT
Electromagnetically induced transparency
Slow light
Light storage
Advisor: Kuhn, A
The novels of Paul Heyse

Paul Heyse (1830-1914) is a writer who, despite achieving considerable celebrity in his own age, has since failed to stand the 'test of time'. The aim of this thesis is to account, by means of a study of his novels, for his former importance and subsequent neglect.
The last critical work to appear on Heyse's novels was Gustav Kemmerich's Paul Heyse als Romanschriftsteller (1928), which is mainly concerned with Heyse's style and with the influences shaping his technique as a novelist. My own monograph concentrates rather on the thematic structure of the novels: my description of works with which I cannot assume the reader's prior acquaintance is necessarily a detailed one. I adduce material from Heyse's correspondences and examine the reception of the novels in contemporary journals.
The principal theoretical question discussed is the distinction between the Heysean Roman and Novelle. I then analyze the narrative techniques of the novels; consider the relationship of the works to the tradition of Realism; and try to account for the function of the love interest. The central chapters which investigate the novels' idea content show Heyse to be a moral subjectivist, strongly opposed to the heteronomy of Church and State; and an unashamed élitist in his opposition to literary Naturalism and his cult of 'high art'.
For all their social and aesthetic criticism, the novels remain, with their emphasis on the self-fulfilment of the hero, in the tradition of the Bildungsroman. Their popularity was due to those features which had ensured Heyse's success in the Novelle. Their historical importance and present-day interest lie principally in the way in which they formed a vehicle whereby topical and controversial ideas were disseminated amongst a wide reading public.
Atomistic modelling of iron with magnetic analytic Bond-Order Potentials

The development of interatomic potentials for magnetic transition metals, and particularly for iron, is difficult, yet it is also necessary for large-scale atomistic simulations of industrially important iron and steel alloys. The magnetism of iron is especially important as it is responsible for many of the element's unique physical properties -- its bcc ground state structure, its high-temperature phase transitions, and the mobility of its self-interstitial atom (SIA) defects. Yet an accurate description of itinerant magnetism within a real-space formalism is particularly challenging and existing interatomic potentials based on the Embedded Atom Method are suited only for studies of near-equilibrium ferritic iron, due to their restricted functional forms.
For this work, the magnetic analytic Bond-Order Potential (BOP) method has been implemented in full to test the convergence properties in both collinear and non-collinear magnetic iron. The known problems with negative densities of states (DOS) are addressed by assessing various possible definitions for the bandwidth and by including the damping factors adapted from the Kernel Polynomial Method. A 9-moment approximation is found to be sufficient to reproduce the major structural energy differences observed in Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Tight Binding (TB) reference calculations, as well as the volume dependence of the atomic magnetic moments. The Bain path connecting bcc and fcc structures and the formation energy of mono- and divacancies are also described well at this level of approximation. Other quantities such as the high-spin/low-spin transition in fcc iron, the bcc elastic constants and the SIA formation energies converge more slowly towards the TB reference data. The theory of non-collinear magnetism within analytic BOP is extended as required for a practical implementation. The spin-rotational behaviour of the energy is shown to converge more slowly than the collinear bulk energy differences, and there are specific problems at low angles of rotation where the magnitude of the magnetic moment depends sensitively on the detailed structure of the local DOS. Issues of charge transfer in relation to magnetic defects are discussed, as well as inadequacies in the underlying d-electron TB model.

Keywords: iron
interatomic potentials
magnetism
non-collinear magnetism
density functional theory
electronic structure
materials modelling
bond-order potentials
tight-binding
Advisor: Pettifor, DG
Drautz, R