VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
How can swimming teacher/educator competencies be developed?

This research proposed to explore the professional development of swimming teachers. This inquiry aimed to evaluate the implementation of an international Continuing Professional Development (CPD) pilot programme to train and equip swimming teachers in obtaining higher qualifications. The curriculum was designed for the teachers to work with the swimmers. There was a focus on using an integrated curriculum method for the delivery of conducting sessions and improving the quality of swimming teaching.
Literature on sports coaching and swimming teaching points to low standards, owing to little CPD training being considered and conducted beyond initial training. One proposed solution was to conduct professional development and enable recipients to apply their learning to the workplace. Further relevant teaching and pedagogical research provided further insights, suggesting that the current training curriculum does not fully explore and extend a teacher's knowledge and skills in general pedagogical education practice. The current intervention focuses on the teacher's knowledge development and the practical application of pedagogy, mentoring, and reflection skills. The collaboration involved swimming teachers and CPD educators collaborating to shape the new CPD curriculum. The curriculum consisted of six modules over eight weeks, utilising a blended learning approach.
The research heavily utilised qualitative methods, including observation of learners’ teaching skills and semi-structured interviews with learners about their experience within the programme. Other forms of evidence, such as online learning activities included social media conversations and the learner’s planning, assessment, and evaluation activities were also utilised to triangulate the analysis.
Findings indicated that improving teacher practices relied on strengthening teachers’ efficacy. The CPD curriculum necessitated a flexible, personalised approach adapted to the work setting. Candidate teachers required time to consolidate their learning between sessions. Further implications included the quality of candidate assessments for unit requirements. The quality of swimming teaching was also found to be variable, including the teaching, learning, and assessment processes, enabling the pilot programme. Further implications for educators involve the training approach and qualification delivery.

Keywords: MLT 2018
MLT
Advisor: Fancourt, N
Essays in behavioural finance

This thesis studies the role of contrast effects and biased expectations in financial decisionmaking and financial markets. The first study explores the role of skewness preferences in dynamic decision-making at the hands of salience theory. Previous research suggests that otherwise risk-averse people are willing to take risks if the outcome distribution is positively skewed. Salience theory can explain this by assuming that states with high contrasts between the outcomes attract attention and their probability is overestimated. Skewness preferences are particularly important in dynamic setups because these allow agents to endogenously create skewness through the choice of their stopping strategy. I extend salience theory to a dynamic setup and show that it predicts that agents will take gambles if the expected value is not too negative. Moreover, if they gamble they choose stopping strategies that yield positively skewed outcome distributions. These predictions differ both from expected utility theory and other behavioural models. I test the predictions experimentally and find broad support.
In the second study, I examine whether the earnings forecasts of analysts after a firm announces its earnings depend on the earnings surprises of companies that announced shortly before the firm. Evidence from a plethora of domains suggests that the interpretation of information depends on how it compares to contrasting information. Thus, the earnings of a given firm might look worse the better other firms perform. I find that positive earnings surprises of other firms make analysts revise their forecast of a firm’s earnings upwards but, at the same time, make their forecast more pessimistic relative to the true earnings. This result is in line with a positive news channel in combination with a contrast effect channel of the other firms’ earnings surprise on the analysts’ forecasts.
In the third study, I develop a method to test if a given return predictor reflects mispricing rather than risk. Asset pricing research has uncovered hundreds of characteristics that can predict the cross-section of returns, but the nature of many of these remains elusive. If a predictor is linked to returns through risk, it should be unrelated to changes in the market’s expectations about firm profits. Alternatively, return predictably can be explained by biased expectations. If a return predictor captures this form of mispricing, it should predict changes in expectations in addition to returns. I use the earnings forecasts of professional analysts as a proxy to the market’s expectations and test for 173 return predictors if they can also predict forecast revisions. I find that around 40% of predictors can do so and, thus, reflect mispricing.

Keywords: expectations
contrast effect
Advisor: Bordalo, P
Schmalz, M
Conformal field theory and numerical techniques in the fractional quantum hall effect

This thesis presents the development of Conformal Field Theory (CFT) methods to analyse the topological properties of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) wave functions, and numerical techniques to find accurate FQHE trial ground state wave functions.
In Chapter 2, we argue that the real-space entanglement spectra (RSES) of generic chiral FQHE ground states have a scaling property, discussed in previous works, where the RSES is given as the spectrum of an operator that is an integral of local operators along the real-space cut that can be expanded in negative powers of the real-space cut length. This is directly tested for the bosonic Composite Fermion (CF) wave functions on the sphere at filling fraction 2/3.
In Chapter 3, it is shown that all chiral Parton-type FQHE ground and edge state trial wave functions, in the planar geometry, can be expressed as CFT correlation functions. A field-theoretic generalisation of Laughlin’s plasma analogy, known as the generalised screening hypothesis, is then formulated for these states, where the implications for inner products of edge state trial wave functions are discussed. These implications of generalised screening are then numerically tested in two specific cases.
In Chapter 4, a method for the energy minimisation of paired CF trial wave functions is discussed, with the goal of producing accurate ground state trial wave functions for electrons, with Coulomb interactions, at filling fraction 5/2. The resulting energetics are then presented for the optimised paired CF versions of the Pfaffian, anti-Pfaffian and particle-hole (PH) symmetric Pfaffian topological orders and are compared to their zero-parameter trial wave function counterparts. It is found that the effective CF pairing in the Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian wave functions is well approximated by a weak-pairing BCS-type description, and certain pathologies are found for the PH-Pfaffian wave functions.

Keywords: conformal field theory
topological phases of matter
fractional quantum hall effect
Advisor: Simon, S
Injunctive relief in tort law

There is a large body of contemporary and historical case law in England and Wales in which injunctions have been granted to restrain or remedy many different torts. Remarkably, however, there is a dearth of analysis of the availability of injunctive relief in tort law. This thesis seeks to impose an intelligible order on the case law concerning injunctions in tort and then consider what it tells us about tort law. The thesis begins by analysing how the injunction in aid of legal rights came to be developed as a remedy by the Court of Chancery. It then clarifies the formal distinctions between the different types of injunction. The claim is made that four types of injunction are awarded to restrain or remedy torts: prohibitory, desisting mandatory, restorative mandatory, and quia timet injunctions. The law governing the award of these injunctions in tort law is then analysed in detail. It is argued that any tort (except a cause of action generating a primary liability) can be restrained by an injunction. Furthermore, the claim is made that distinct analytical processes are employed by the courts when they decide whether to award injunctions in aid of tort law rights. Having set out the doctrinal findings as to when prohibitory, desisting mandatory, restorative mandatory, and quia timet injunctions can be granted, the thesis considers what implications the findings have for tort law more generally. The most important implication is this. The way in which tort law is expounded in textbooks and monographs, and taught in universities, needs updating. Specifically, we must not overemphasise the award of damages and neglect to highlight the importance of the injunction. The true position is that injunctive relief is as crucial as damages are to enforcing the rights that are generated by tort law.

Keywords: private law
injunction
tort law
commercial remedies
equity
Advisor: Nolan, D
A new instrument to study vibrationally enhanced chemistry on metal clusters in the gas phase

Vibrational excitation of molecules prior to collision and subsequent reaction can change the outcome of the reaction by either enhancing or diminishing reaction rates or even changing product distributions. Studies of the effects of vibrational excitation on reactive outcomes have been limited to extremely simple gas phase systems or extended metal surfaces. The first part of this thesis details the design, development and construction of a new instrument to study the effects of vibrational excitation on the reactions of ionic metals species (single atoms or clusters) reacting with neutral species in the gas phase. Starting from a collision cell designed from a simple theoretical model of collisions, a tandem ToF mass spectrometer was designed from scratch to collide ionic metal species with single neutral gas molecules with controlled energies and good spatial focus prior to detection of the collision products. Laser ablation sources provide very poorly spatially and energetically resolved ion packets requiring extensive ion optics to control them. While the instrument development is still ongoing, due to difficulties associated with controlling ion kinetic energies and maintaining good transmission, an instrument capable of carrying out reactive collisions has been successfully developed.
The second part of the thesis presents infrared multi-photon dissociation spectroscopic studies of Ho+ cations with CO2 and OCS molecules. Both Ho(CO2 )+n and Ho[O(CO2)n]+ are obtained when Ho is ablated in the presence of CO2 seeded into Ar. Spectra were recorded in two spectral ranges: 1650-1950 cm−1 and 2300-2450 cm−1 and assigned using predicted structures (generated from potential energy surface searches) using density functional theory (DFT). CO2 binds in a molecular/end-on fashion to Ho+ in Ho(CO2)+n complexes and showed little evidence of activation. Ho[O(CO2)n]+ complexes in which n ≥ 3, by contrast, show clear spectroscopic evidence of the formation of a carbonate radical anion moiety ({CO3}·δ−). The characteristic vibrational band of this structure red-shifts with increasing CO2 coordination displaying clear evidence of charge transfer between ligands mediated by a metal centre. Ho[(OCS)n]+, Ho[S(OCS)n]+ and Ho[O(OCS)n]+ complexes, are generated when Ho is ablated in the presence of OCS seeded into and He. Spectra of each molecule were recorded between 1200-2400 cm−1 and assigned based on DFT calculations. OCS was found to react with Ho+ ions to form both HoO+ + CS and HoS+ + CO as well as bind in a molecular fashion analogous to CO2. Both HoO+ and HoS+ were observed to produce {CO2 S}·δ− and {COS2 }·δ− respectively that preferentially bound to the Ho+ via sulphur atoms. The COS2 C=O bond stretch is observed to red-shift with increasing complex size illustrating that additional OCS ligands donate electron density to stabilise the thiocarbonate in an identical fashion to the behaviour seen in Ho[O(CO2 2)n]+ species.

Advisor: Mackenzie, S
Francophone identity and sense of belonging towards a linguistic community in Indonesian speakers of French

This thesis investigates the F/francophone identity and sense of belonging to the F/francophone community in French speakers with L1 Indonesian. The linguistic identity of speakers of Indonesian background has largely been under-researched, much less in the context of F/francophonie or the F/francophone community. Qualitative data collection methods (semi-structured interviews, solicited semi-structured diary entries and focus group discussion) were used in a semi-longitudinal study involving six French speakers with L1 Indonesian, three located in Indonesia and three located in France. This study aimed to discover whether the participants consider themselves F/francophones, whether they feel a sense of belonging to the F/francophone community as a whole and whether there is a difference between participants located in Indonesia and participants located in France. Findings show that participants only connect to the notion of F/francophonie in the linguistic dimension and identify more with the idea of ‘a community of French speakers’ than F/francophonie. Results of this study carry implications for the use of the term ‘F/francophonie’ and ‘F/francophones’ in the scientific literature, as well as implications for French language teaching in Indonesia.

Keywords: sense of belonging
Francophonie
linguistic community
Francophone
L1 Indonesian
French as foreign language
linguistic identity
Advisor: Faitaki, F
Family language policy of trilingual families in Japan: how parents try to raise multilingual children in a monolingual society

With increasing interest in early multilingual acquisition in the recent decades, Family Language Policy (FLP) has emerged as a fast-growing field of study exploring parents’ and children’s language-related ideologies, practices, and management within the family unit (Spolsky, 2004). However, a substantial part of the current body of FLP and early multilingual acquisition research is based on a) bilingual families b) living in Europe or Northern America c) with school-aged children and above. This study expands on current literature by investigating the parents’ role in early multilingual acquisition in trilingual families in Japan with young children between one and four years of age. After completing online questionnaires on their families’ demographic and language backgrounds, n=5 parents (n=4 mothers; n=1 father) participated in semi-structured online interviews to share their views on early multilingualism; their goals and expectations for their own children’s language development; their strategies and use of resources; and the challenges they have experienced in trying to pass on multiple languages to their children. The qualitative analysis through inductive coding revealed that individual backgrounds and experiences seem to shape their FLPs. Most parents seemed determined to provide their children with a multilingual upbringing and were highly emotionally invested in their children’s success. The parents worries and regrets for not supporting their children in the best way seemed to have been exacerbated by the limited access to FLP resources and support in the predominantly monolingual context of Japan.

Advisor: Wonnacott, E
How are undergraduate students supervised? Supervisor and student perspectives on undergraduate dissertation supervision in an elite UK university

The undergraduate dissertation is a significant component of many undergraduate programs in the UK, representing a crucial contribution to the immediate degree award outcome and a key stage in the long-term development of potential academic researchers. From the recognition of the undergraduate dissertation as a high-stakes project, most universities assign an individual supervisor to students in order to ensure the successful completion of the dissertation and foster the intellectual and scholarly development of students. Whilst much has been written about the function and purpose of supervision, less is known about undergraduate supervision as an intensive and interpersonally focused one-to-one relationship that spans the duration of dissertation research. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-method design, this study explored the perceptions and experiences of finalist undergraduates and their dissertation supervisors in social science at an elite university in the UK and investigated the assumptions, beliefs and objectives shaping students and supervisors’ approaches to supervision along the dissertation journey.
Major findings from the quantitative analysis demonstrate changing supervisory involvement in response to different research tasks and point to an apparent mismatch between student demand for and supervisor provision of support in a relatively late phase of the dissertation. Qualitative findings add nuance and context to patterns already observed in survey responses and illuminate issues that would not have arisen had this study stopped at the quantitative stage, such as the significance of open communication and mutual understanding for a healthy and productive student-supervisor relationship. The two sources of evidence identify undergraduate supervision as multi-stage and non-uniform, as the level and type of supervisory support involved in supervision varied not just throughout the year but also with the student-supervisor pair. The findings represent an original contribution to the existing literature on undergraduate supervision and may offer useful considerations to policymakers and undergraduate supervisors within the social science division at the case university. Generalisability is limited due to the small sample and the unique context in which this research was situated. That said, findings may have some transferability to similar settings, though any effort in this regard shall be made with caution.

Keywords: undergraduate dissertation
higher education
dissertation supervision
RDM2023
undergraduate supervision
Advisor: Lindorff, A
Crete and the sea: the maritime cultural landscape of late Hellenistic and imperial Crete

Following the Roman occupation in 67 BC, Crete underwent several transformations in its societal and economic structures. The island's transition into the Empire changed the shape of the cultural landscape of Crete, both in its interior and coasts. The new administrative system, in combination with the end of endemic warfare and the vast exploitation of the sea, liberated the island from its hostile past by shaping its new ‘Imperial’ identity.
This thesis examines the different dynamics and mechanisms that transformed Crete’s Maritime Cultural Landscape (MCL) in Imperial times (1st c. BC – 3rd c. AD) and the sea's undisputed role in the island's overall prosperity. As part of this endeavour, my research focuses on a number of case studies in order to identify the circumstances under which several harbour sites developed, expanded, and became the new commercial centres of the island. Furthermore, the production of a new dataset of information about Cretan shipwrecks and their cargoes is presented, which constitutes the first attempt to gather evidence of all known Roman shipwrecks from the island. This study constitutes the first comprehensive overview of ports and shipwrecks from Crete, much of which is based on primary data collection and analysis. It also provides a significant insight into the role and importance of the sea in the gradual transformation and development of the Cretan economy and society following the island's transition from the Hellenistic to the sphere of the expansive Roman world.
In order to accurately reconstruct the MCL of Crete, a comprehensive analysis of the island's trading patterns was conducted. Special attention is given to the various scales of interactions that emerged among the Cretan poleis and harbours, as well as the interactions with external regions involved in maritime trade. Such an interpretation aims to show the extent to which the new conditions affected the ports, by gradually turning them into administrative and commercial centres. By applying different methodological approaches and cognitive hermeneutical tools to each chapter, a series of new hypotheses concerning the economy and society of Crete are formulated, leading the thesis into its final discussion, the MCL.

Keywords: maritime archaeology
Crete
maritime cultural landscape
harbours
shipwrecks
Radiation-induced inflammatory responses in carcinogenesis and cardiac disease

More than half of cancer patients receive radiotherapy in the course of their treatment. Recently, clinical and preclinical studies have indicated that radiation may have anti-cancer effects through the initiation of tumour-specific immune responses in addition to tumour cell-intrinsic DNA-damage. The role of the tumour microenvironment in cancer development, progression and response to therapy is increasingly being recognised. However, few pre-clinical models are available for the co-evaluation of tumour and normal tissues in response to radiation therapy. The aims of this thesis are: (1) to establish a pre-clinical mouse model which can be used to evaluate tumour and normal tissue responses to cancer therapies; (2) to dissect the critical biological processes in carcinogen-induced lung tumour initiation and development (with a focus on immune and stromal context); and (3) to investigate the mechanisms important in radiation-induced normal tissue responses in cardiac and lung tissues.
Using the A/J mouse model, we established a relevant model in which to study effects of radiation. In mice treated with the carcinogen, urethane, we found that radiation treatment during the expected period of tumour initiation resulted in fewer and smaller tumours compared with controls. In parallel, we observed increased occurrence of distinct lymphocyte aggregates in the mice that had fewer tumours, which we further confirmed were positive for markers including CD3, CD19, CD103, MHCII, CXCL13 and B220. Results from treatment with a STING agonist (DMXAA) at tumour initiation were complex, revealing a decrease in tumour numbers, but an increase in tumour burden. In established lung tumours, T-cell exclusion was observed 7 days after irradiation, along with indications of chronic inflammation occurring in the lung parenchyma. Investigation of late radiation-induced pathological events in the heart revealed an increase in fibrosis in the pericardium and perivasculature in addition to discernible changes in electrical conduction including increases in QTc and P-R intervals and variability in heart rate. Unexpectedly, we observed sustained DDR in cardiac cells that lasted up to 7 days after irradiation.
In conclusion, our data introduce the A/J mouse as a novel model for studying both late cardiac toxicity and anti-tumour effects following radiation using both physiological and pathological endpoints. Our results also suggest that a potential ‘vulnerable state’ may exist prior to neoplastic cell transformation after carcinogen treatment of lung cells, that might be targeted to prevent the future development of tumours. These vulnerabilities may lie the altered cell division processes or acute immune responses that are impacted by radiation. Furthermore, STING agonism may add a selection pressure during tumourigenesis, potentially resulting in the more immune-resilient clones surviving and proliferating. The relationship between the persistent DDR observed after irradiation of cardiac tissue and the late electrophysiological and pathological effects warrants further investigation.