VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Hijacking Counterterrorism: The Rise of National Anti-Terrorism Laws After 9/11

In less than a decade 142 countries enacted or reformed more than 260 counterterrorism laws worldwide. The new laws, viewed as a whole, represent a broad expansion of state powers to investigate, detain, prosecute, and imprison individuals. This dissertation is the first effort to document the rise of counterterrorism laws worldwide and evaluate their impact on individual rights. Drawing on national legal data collected in collaboration with the Program on Terrorism and Counterterrorism at Human Rights Watch, the work reveals that counterterrorism develops out of a confluence of power politics and cultural ideas in world society. It also shows that state officials frequently use counterterrorism laws to secure their authority and cloak repressive enforcement tactics in rule of law.

Advisor: Fourcade, Marion
Characteristics of the Emergent Disease Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae Species Complex

The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, or Bd, has been a major driver of amphibian extinctions world wide. This dissertation investigates the effects of Bd on the mountain yellow legged frogs, Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae. These two species occur in the Sierra Nevada in California, and have under gone dramatic declines in part due to the invasion of Bd. Even before the invasion of Bd, populations of Rana muscosa/sierrae have faced habitat loss and fragmentation from introduced predators and habitat fragmentation. The fist chapter of this dissertation investigates how genetic diversity effects $R_0$, the threshold for invasion of a pathogen. I model the case where a naive population faces multiple disease, as well as a single population faced with invasion of a single disease. I also model the effect of overdominance and genetic diversity on R_0. In my second chapter, I use both models and simulations to investigate how genetic diversity effects the final size of an epidemic, and whether or not populations with higher genetic diversity maintain that diversity after an epidemic. In my third chapter, I present data on a series of experiments on how variation in the external source of Bd, or zoospore pool, affects the growth rate of Bd on its amphibian host, as well as host mortality. In my final chapter, I use microsatellite markers to measure genetic diversity in serveral populations of Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae, and test whether or not these populations have experienced historic bottlenecks.

Advisor: Briggs, Cherie J
Moritz, Craig
Explorations of Magnetic Phases in F = 1 87Rb Spinor Condensates

Spinor Bose Einstein condensates have widely been sought after as perfect emulators of condensed matter phenomena, providing widely tunable and highly controlled systems. Utilizing a novel spin sensitive phase contrast imaging technique, the vector magnetization is measured in-situ with high spatial and temporal resolution and applied to a number of experiments. Using optically trapped F = 1 87Rb spinor condensates, the equilibrium phase diagram of a spin-1 Bose gas is quantitatively explored by observing the evolution of unmagnetized spin textures and their thermal equilibrium properties. Spin domain coarsening and a strong dependence of the spin configuration on the quadratic Zeeman shift is observed, supporting the predicted mean-field equilibrium phase diagram for small values of the quadratic shift. Additionally, spinor Bose gases are demonstrated to be an effective tool in calibrating and characterizing experimental imaging systems. Sinusoidal test patterns of varying pitch are created and used to extract the modulation transfer function and quantify optical aberrations which are of immense importance in systems which claim to have high spatial resolution. Lastly we realize an optical kagome geometry in a two-dimensional optical superlattice with a scalar Bose gases. The optical superlattice can be tuned between various geometries, including kagome, one-dimensional stripe, and decorated triangular lattice. Using atom optics we characterize the various geometries and demonstrate the versatility of this optical superlattice. The kagome geometry presents a new experimental arena for studies of geometrically frustrated systems.

Advisor: Stamper-Kurn, Dan M
An Argument for Knowledge Variety in Evidence-Based Management

Evidence-based management has been proposed as a method to impose rationality on decision-making, and thereby link research more closely with practice. Yet, knowledge, not evidence per se, is the means by which organizations map the uncertainty of their environments and develop strategies accordingly. This essay develops a theoretical argument to support the construct of knowledge variety, and argues that knowledge variety is a preferable operationalization of evidence-based management for organizations facing the epistemic uncertainty of complex environments. The first section sets a foundation drawing upon diversity in socio-behavioral regulation, requisite variety, the social structure of knowledge, epistemic knowledge categories, rhetorical persuasion, sensemaking, and organizational attention. The second section describes a mixed-methods project to examine evidence-based management in terms of knowledge variety across 42 hospitals associated with a common knowledge intermediary. An original proposition intending to establish a relationship between the maintenance of variety and an organization's ability to customize diffusing best practices was unable to confirm or disconfirm a relationship. Nevertheless, a series of qualitative and quantitative findings on evidence-based management and best practices are presented, including a relationship between knowledge variety and the number of years since last academic degree, suggesting the importance of revisiting the Aristotelian notion of practical wisdom (or, phronesis). Reflections, limitations, and suggestions for future research are described throughout.

Advisor: Shortell, Stephen M
Design of Multi-Gb/s Multi-Coefficient Mixed-Signal Equalizers

The explosion of personal devices that need ubiquitous connectivity is making both wireless and wireline communication experience increasingly rapid growth in data-rates. Wireless channels have been `fortunate' to see new channels/standards being made available over the past decade to meet up to multi-Gb/s demands. One such medium is the wideband 60GHz channel. Wireless mediums, by definition however, are thwarted by multi-path reflection-based inter-symbol interference (ISI) -- a problem which becomes only worse at higher speeds. For decades, equalizers have been used efficiently to mitigate such interference. However, wireless equalizers in commercial CMOS products are typically implemented in DSP along multi-level modulation schemes like OFDM, which when scaled to Gb/s speeds dissipate substantial power. This is particularly detrimental for handheld/mobile devices with limited battery capacity./nTo ease the power bottleneck for equalization, this work instead proposes using mixed-signal techniques. As opposed to classic multi-level ADC/DSP design, such techniques are inspired by high-speed chip-to-chip wired communication that advocates the use of simple modulation schemes (such as QPSK) with few comparators. Since wireless channels suffer ISI with longer delay spreads than their wired counterparts, previously developed wireline equalizers cannot be directly ported. This work therefore enables energy-efficient equalizers to cancel extremely long ISI delay spreads. Our first prototype demonstrated a 40-coefficient complex (I/Q) decision feedback equalizer (DFE) in 65nm CMOS to enable 10Gb/s rates over line-of-sight (LOS) 60GHz channels, while consuming only 14mW of power. The second prototype in 65nm low-power (LP) CMOS enables non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel equalization as well, by using a 32-coefficient receiver feedforward equalizer (FFE) and a longer 100-coefficient DFE, achieving 3.5-8Gb/s rates while consuming 20-67mW./nWhile the equalizer prototypes in this dissertation have been targeted towards 60GHz channels, the techniques enable energy-efficient equalization for long ISI delay spreads for any high-speed wireless or wireline communication link.

Advisor: Alon, Elad
Planar structure for inclusions of finite von Neumann algebras

This dissertation consists of three self-contained papers from my graduate work at UC Berkeley. The chapters increase in complexity from the annular Temperley-Lieb category to strongly Markov inclusions of finite von Neumann algebras to infinite index II_1-subfactors./nIn Chapter 2, we discuss how two copies of the cyclic category generate the annular Temperley-Lieb category. In the process, we give a presentation of the annular Temperley-Lieb category via generators and relations, and we see the cyclic category evolve from the simplicial and semi-simplicial categories./nChapter 3 is joint work with Vaughan F. R. Jones. First, we define a canonical planar *-algebra associated to a strongly Markov inclusion of finite von Neumann algebras (the notion of such an inclusion is defined within). Second, we show for an inclusion of finite dimensional C^*-algebras with the Markov trace, the canonical planar algebra is isomorphic to the graph planar algebra of the Bratteli diagram of the inclusion. We use this fact to show that a subfactor planar algebra embeds into the graph planar algebra of its principal graph./nIn Chapter 4, we expand upon Burns' work on rotations for infinite index II_1-subfactors. We start with a II_1-factor bimodule, and we construct a tower of centralizer algebras and a sequence of central L^2-vectors. In the finite index setting, the centralizer algebras and central L^2-vectors agree, but in the infinite index setting, these spaces can differ dramatically. We develop planar calculi for both sequences which are compatible. Interestingly, we obtain planar structure without Jones' basic construction or the resulting Jones projections! We also generalize Burns work on extremality and the existence of rotations to the bimodule setting, and we recover his main theorem. Along the way, we prove some results about relative tensor products of extended positive cones, and we give an example of an infinite index subfactor with finite dimensional higher relative commutants.

Advisor: Jones, Vaughan F. R.
Performance Analysis of Nonlinear Systems Combining Integral Quadratic Constraints and Sum-of-Squares Techniques

This thesis investigates performance analysis for nonlinear systems, which consist of both known and unknown dynamics and may only be defined locally. We apply combinations of integral quadratic constraints (IQCs), developed by Megretski and Rantzer, and sum-of-squares (SOS) techniques for the analysis./nIn this context, analysis of stability and input-output properties is performed in three ways./nIf the known portion of the dynamics is linear, the stability test from Megretski and Rantzer, which generalize early frequency-domain based theorems of robust control (Zames, Safonov, Doyle, and others), are well suited. If the known portion of the dynamics is nonlinear, frequency domain methods are not directly applicable. SOS methods using polynomial storage functions to satisfy dissipation inequalities are used to certify the stability and performance characteristics. However, if the known dynamics are high dimensional, then this approach to the analysis is (currently) intractable. An alternate approach is proposed here to address this dimensionality issue. The known portion is decomposed into a linear interconnection of smaller, nonlinear systems. We derive IQCs satisfied by the nonlinear subsystems. This is computationally feasible. With this library of IQCs coarsely describing the subsystems' behaviors, we apply the techniques from Megretski and Rantzer to the interconnection description involving the known linear part and all of the individual subsystems./nTraditionally, IQCs have been used to cover unknown portions of the dynamics. Our approach is novel in that we cover known nonlinear dynamics with IQCs, by employing SOS methods including novel techniques for estimating the input-output gain of a system. This perspective is a step towards reducing the dimensionality of the analysis of large, interconnected nonlinear systems./nThe IQC stability analysis by Megretski and Rantzer is only applicable for systems that are well-posed in the large. This thesis makes contributions towards extending this analysis for with more limited notions of well-posedness. We define the notion of a local or "conditional" IQC, and develop a new test to verify stability and performance criteria./nWe also study a specific class of interconnected, passive subsystems. If the subsystems also exhibit gain roll-off at high frequencies, one would expect improved analysis results. In fact, we characterized the gain roll-off property as an integral quadratic constraint, and achieved an improved bound on the performance with respect to the allowable time delay in order for the interconnected system to remain stable. In the case where the interconnection is cyclic, we derive an analytical condition for stability.

Advisor: Packard, Andrew
Arcak, Murat
Lyric and the Rhetoric of the Serial Mode in Twentieth Century American Poetry: Figuring Voice in the Work of Spicer, Berrigan, and Ashbery

Lyric and the Rhetoric of the Serial Mode in Twentieth Century American Poetry: Figuring Voice in the Work of Spicer, Berrigan, and Ashbery/nSerial poetry has been recognized as an important formal category and writing practice in postwar experimental poetry, but the vital relationship between seriality and conventional aspects of the lyric genre has been obscure. After critiques of "lyric" that argue the term is politically suspect because it is linked to Romantic ideologies of the subject, new, historicized models of lyric emphasizing the functions and effects of voice have returned in recent criticism of Modernist and postwar experimental writing. Building on this recent criticism, this dissertation proposes that lyric rhetoric informs the turn towards the serial mode in poems by Jack Spicer, John Ashbery and Ted Berrigan. The serial poetry of these postwar writers makes lyric poetry function contextually, reviving the notion of voice. Seriality is best understood as a mode, not a form, that decontextualizes and re-contextualizes prior lyric fragments and allows poets to think about social relationships in terms of poetic ones, and vice versa./nSeriality has been discussed in criticism of Spicer, but has not been a key term in appraisals of book-length poems by Berrigan and Ashbery. Therefore my research offers seriality as a new perspective to understand these poets' practices of citation, appropriation and generic mixing: methods of constructing their own poetic voices out of existing textual materials from traditions that they write themselves into. I argue that these practices of textual rearrangement and revision offer a model of historically responsive lyric that challenges assumptions about how postwar poets read lyric and imagine more engaged audiences for their own writing. Through analysis of the serial mode in poems by Spicer, Berrigan, and Ashbery, I trace the outline of a common poetic voice in different series constructed from diverse materials: an epistolary exchange, a recursive sequence of sonnets transformed by scissors and scotch tape, and a meditation about lyric that is written in diaristic prose. I frame my analysis with a critical discussion of "The New Lyric Studies" and modern histories of lyric genre by Marjorie Perloff, Mark Jeffreys, Virginia Jackson, Mutlu Konuk Blasing, and others. Lyric rhetoric and voice in the serial mode matters, I propose, to scholars of 20th century American experimental literature seeking to move beyond reductive conceptual oppositions that divide the field.

Advisor: Mascuch, Michael
Hejinian, Lyn
Physiological Stress, Bone Growth and Development in Imperial Rome

This study investigates bone maintenance and loss within a life course perspective in the Imperial Roman population of Velia. The use of biocultural factors, such as diet, reproductive history and physical activity are emphasized in the interpretive process. A total of 135 individuals were examined. Bone loss is assessed using three methods: radiogrammetry of the 2nd metacarpal, rib cortical histomorphometry, and the analysis of trabecular architecture in L4 vertebrae. Physiological stress in adults is explored using porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia and periostitis. Stress during growth and development is investigated through dental enamel hypoplasias, vertebral neural canal sizes and skeletal growth profiles of juvenile skeletons. Analyses of bone of maintenance and loss reveal that bone loss in the Velia population did not follow similar patterns to modern communities. The most meaningful difference was that no sex differences were observed between males and females for all three measures of bone maintenance and loss. In addition, the analyses of radiogrammetry, histomorphometry and trabecular architecture all support a hypothesis that strenuous physical activity over the life course helped mediate bone loss with age, particularly in females. The reproductive history of females in the Roman period is also hypothesized to have played a protective role in mediating bone loss. Physiological stress was common in the juvenile and adult stages of life, but this stress did not seemingly affect bone remodeling and loss with age or between the sexes. The approaches used in this dissertation advance bioarchaeological theory by implementing a life course perspective that emphasize developmental plasticity to investigating bone loss. This study also contributes methodologically by demonstrating the importance of using multiple lines of evidence when exploring bone loss in past populations.

Advisor: Agarwal, Sabrina
Syntactic Agreement in Bilingual Corpora

The task of automatic machine translation (MT) is the focus of a huge variety of active research efforts, both because of the intrinsic utility of this difficult task, and the theoretical and linguistic insights that arise from modeling relationships between natural languages. However, MT systems that leverage syntactic information are only recently becoming practical, and in a typical system of this sort, syntactic information is generated by monolingual parsers; the task of explicitly modeling syntactic relationships between target and source languages is yet to be fully explored./nThis thesis investigates the problem of finding syntactic parse trees of target and/or source sentences that are more appropriate for use in a syntactic MT system. Two basic methodologies are explored./nFirst, we present a sequence of two statistical models that leverage bilingual information to improve the linguistic quality of syntactic parses, as measured by their ability to replicate human-generated gold-standard annotations. The first model uses word to word alignments as an external source of information, while the second models the alignments jointly. These models are both quite effective at improving the intrinsic quality of the parse trees, and the second model additionally improves word alignment performance. However, while the two models achieve similar parsing improvements, we find that improving parses in conjunction with word alignments is much more helpful for the downstream machine translation task./nIn the next part of the thesis, we explore this finding further by investigating the effects on MT performance of agreement between parse trees and word alignments. We present a simple method for transforming input trees in a way that ignores gold-standard annotations, concentrating instead on improving syntactic agreement directly. In experiments, we find that though we obviously lose fidelity to more linguistically informed treebank annotation guidelines, this transformation-based approach yields the strongest improvements in syntactic machine translation.

Advisor: Klein, Dan
These Separate Schools: Black Politics and Education in Washington, D.C., 1900-1930

"These Separate Schools: Black Politics and Education in Washington, D.C., 1900-1930," chronicles the efforts of black Washingtonians to achieve equitable public funding and administrative autonomy in their public schools and at Howard University. This project argues that over the course of the early twentieth century, black Washingtonians came to understand their two-pronged goals of administrative autonomy and equitable allocation of resources in both their public schools and at Howard in terms of civil rights. At the turn of the twentieth century, many African Americans in Washington defended their educational institutions as venues for individually demonstrating their own good citizenship and respectability, in other words as means to social and economic uplift. By the 1910s and 1920s, however, they spoke about equal educational opportunity as a civil right, guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution. Also, while these struggles for educational equality began in the public schools, they were soon taken up by leaders at Howard University and its law school./nIn addition to educational equality, administrative autonomy was another key part of black Washingtonians' rights agenda. Black Washingtonians were able to carve out a nearly autonomous space first in the segregated public schools in the 1900s and 1910s and then at Howard University in the 1920s, and they considered this degree of independence critical to improving and maintaining the quality of their schools. Although they fully acknowledged and abhorred the fact that racial segregation was intended to subjugate their race, by persistently pressing for autonomy, black Washingtonians imbued the institution of racial separation in Washington's black schools and black university with new meaning. Rather than solely symbolizing oppression, through their efforts racial separation became a marker of leadership and power. Taken together, the battle for equalizing primary, secondary, and higher education was a critical component of the black civil rights agenda in this period, even within the context of racial segregation./n"These Separate Schools" challenges the notion that the battle for educational equality began in the 1930s and 1940s in the courtroom and demonstrates instead that it began in the early twentieth century with the activism of ordinary black citizens in Washington, D.C., which in this period was governed by Congress. Contrary to typical portrayals of African-American political participation during the Jim Crow Era, this project shows that black Washingtonians were deeply involved in early twentieth-century political life on multiple levels. Locally, they were instrumental in the District's unique educational politics; nationally, they shaped federal government race policy and Congressional legislation; and, ideologically, they were leaders in a national conversation about civil rights, black advancement, and the role of education in American democracy.

Advisor: Martin, Waldo E.