VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal trust and business relationships

This thesis investigated factors predicting trust in business executives' relationships with their strong and weak ties, and the structure of business trust values among executives in the UK and Hong Kong. Relationships between individualism -collectivism and business trust values were also addressed. The research draws on Zucker's (1986) definition and production of trust, Butler's (1983) reciprocity of trust, Blau's (1964) social exchange theory, similarity-attraction theory, Granovetter's (1973) tie strength, and literature concerning friendship, individualism-collectivism and trust in order to develop hypotheses in three studies.
The first study examined the notion of trust through measures of expectations of trusting behaviours that predicted dyadic trust between UK business executives and their strong and weak ties. Expectations of honesty, reliability and discretion were found to be the fundamental expectations that influenced trust in both types of ties. Expectation of reciprocity of trusting behaviours between actors was also investigated but no evidence was found for their influence.
The second study explored antecedents of trust between UK business executives and their strongest business ties. Findings differed depending on whether strongest business ties involved friendship. Common ground (e.g. similar education, interests and work place) had an indirect effect on trust in strongest business friendship ties but not in strongest business ties. These findings suggest that dyads in strongest business relationships shared less in common than relationships that contained friendship.
The third study developed a multidimensional scale of business trust values and explored its relationships with individualism-collectivism in the UK and HK. Trust values were found to be discretionary in both groups. Intolerance of questionable business practices was found in the UK group.
The research was multi-method as it combined qualitative semi-structured interviews with quantitative surveys. The thesis concludes by discussing cultural implications for the formation of trust among business people in the UK and China, and future research directions.

Keywords: Business relations
Advisor: Parkinson, B
Albanian law and nation-building in northern Albania and Kosovo

My thesis explores the roles in Albanian nation-building of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin, an early-twentieth century codification of northern-Albanian customary practices, and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve, a late-twentieth century movement to conciliate blood feuds in Kosovo. To understand them, we need to know: what both were, in their own terms; their significance; and how they relate to other aspects of nation-building, and comparative examples. I draw on participant-observation fieldwork, archive work and extensive interviews.
Nation-building is necessarily complicated and the Albanian case particularly so. The existence of an Albanian nation was contested by neighbouring peoples, and its characteristics, by Albanians themselves. In this complex context, the text of the Kanun, and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve, give us good insights into Albanian understandings of the nation, and associated nation-building activities, at pivotal points in national history. While the nation-building projects of the region had many elements in common, prominent ideas of a ‘national’ legal tradition are a distinctive aspect of the Albanian case.
Both the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve need to be understood as aspects of nation-building. In the context of a crumbling Ottoman Empire, by presenting Albanian customary practices in the form of a legal code, the Albanian codifier made claims about the contents and the people from whom they came. The Kanun demonstrated the existence of a distinct people with a tradition of self-governance and mediation; and made significant contributions to the crucial process of language standardisation. In the context of the 1990s break-up of Yugoslavia, ideas of an Albanian legal tradition re-emerged in Kosovo, in the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve which presented intra-Albanian disputes as national concerns, and drew on traditional values and customary practices to effect conciliations. Subsequently, the Movement itself has become a national resource, through reference to which important ideas about the nation are expressed.

Keywords: Albania
Parallel State
Cetta
Conciliation
Customary Law
Fishta
Kosovo
Blood Feud
Gjecov
Albanian
National Identity
Nation Building
LDK
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Kanun of Leke Dukagjin
Kosovar
Pajtimi i Gjaqeve
Advisor: Pirie, F
Electrochemistry of metalloproteins

The direct (unmediated) electrochemistry of a variety of redox proteins has been studied at a range of electrode materials. Electrochemical studies using cytochromes, iron-sulphur proteins and copper proteins show a marked enhancement of the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate at the "edge" plane of pyrolytic graphite. Parallel ESCA studies have shown that mechanical polishing of edge graphite provides an electrode with a high surface coverage of oxidised functional groups. These results indicate the importance of oxidised functional groups in facilitating productive interactions with the proteins.
The importance of multivalent cations has also been established. For proteins with negatively-charged physiological interaction domains, such as plastocyanin or 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin, elect reactivity at "edge"-oriented graphite is promoted and stabilised in the presence of multivalent cations such as Cr(NH,sub>3
)63+. On the other hand, the electrochemistry of positively-charged cytochrome ̲c is inhibited and destabilised in the presence of such cations. Promotion and inhibition profiles for a range of proteins, together with various cations, indicate the participation of specific electrode-cation-protein interactions.
Studies on plastocyanin, whose electrochemistry is troubled by a time-dependent deterioration of response, have demonstrated the importance of low protein concentration, low pH, low temperatures (3°C) and, in particular, Pt(NH3)64+ at stabilising faradaic responses.
Surface modification of edge pyrolytic graphite has been achieved electrochemically by exploiting the contrasting substitutional reactivity of chromium(III) and chromium(II). The modified-surface, incorporating chromium(III) complexes, promoted reversible direct electrochemistry of plastocyanin.
The direct electrochemistry of plastocyanin, at pH 4, has provided an insight into the possible importance of a kinetically-inactive protonated form of the reduced protein. The t1/2 for deprotonation of Cu(I)-plastocyanin is estimated to be < 1 ms. Finally, the direct electrochemistry of azurin was exploited in the design of an electrocatalytic system. The electrochemical oxidation of p-cresol to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was effected enzymically.

Advisor: Hill, H
Hill, A
Bio-sociocultural aesthetics: indigenous Ramkokamekra-Canela gardening practices and varietal diversity maintenance in Maranhão, Brazil

This thesis is an attempt to bring to light the value and importance of gardening and varietal diversity maintenance in the indigenous Jê-speaking Ramkokamekra-Canela community of Maranhão, Brazil. Formerly a semi-nomadic community with small garden plots, the modern-day Canela have become subsistence horticulturalists with a dual garden plot system where species and varietal diversity thrive. Thus, the thesis seeks to understand this transformation through a focus on mythic, historical, and contemporary accounts of gardening activities and practices that appear to promote and maintain cultivated crop diversity. Through a comparison with other Jê-speaking communities in northeast and central Brazil, the thesis posits that Canela gardening and varietal diversity maintenance incorporate the transformation and continuity that are common aspects of Jê 'life-worlds.' Additionally, through an exploration of everyday gardening practices and individual and communal rituals in and around garden spaces, the thesis suggests that Canela gardening can best be conceptualized as a series of multi-sensory, embodied engagements between human gardener 'parents' and their growing plant 'children.'
In order to explore these engagements fully, the thesis draws on phenomenological (in particular that promoted by British anthropologist Tim Ingold) and other approaches that seek to question the boundaries between the biological, cultural, and social dimensions of life. It is argued that in the emergent Canela 'bio-sociocultural life-world,' certain relational pathways between and among human gardeners and cultivated plants become valued and meaningful through an 'aesthetics of landscape' that incorporates multiple sensory modalities. Thus, the 'bio-sociocultural aesthetics' theoretical approach is put forward as a comprehensive way of understanding the Canela life-world and the myriad human-nonhuman engagements that unfold through and within it.

Keywords: Lowland South America
agro-biodiversity
indigenous peoples
Advisor: Rival, L
Atomic and electronic structure of grain boundaries in gallium arsenide

HREM imaging was performed using the Jeol 4000ex microscope on specimens prepared from an as-grown ingot of semi-insulating Gallium Arsenide. Various low angle grain boundaries were imaged in the [110] orientation, misorientations varying between 4°-13°. Detailed study of a grain boundary of 11.5° misorientation about the [110] rotation axis has been carried out. Burgers vector analysis showed the presence of perfect 60° and [001] dislocations.
Modelling of the [001] dislocation has been carried out using the Tersoff potential, Bond Order Potential and a tight binding Hamiltonian for GaAs, using Chadi (1984) parameters. The dislocation core was associated with an 8-membered and two 5-membered rings. Assum- ing there is a minimum of wrong bonds, we predict that the core has two wrong bonds, one being Ga-Ga, and the other As-As, both in equivalent positions where the two 5-membered rings were appended to the 8-membered ring. The Ga-Ga bond is considerably shorter and hence stronger than the As-As bond. Band structure calculations performed using a Vogl (1983) sp3s* Hamiltonian revealed deep states in the gap, which are associated with atoms in the core only.
Using Stadelmann's (1987) EMS program, successful image matching of calculated images of the [001] dislocation has been achieved with the experimental image, using the atomic structure generated by tight binding relaxation. Ga and As being only two atomic numbers apart have similar scattering factors and cannot be easily distinguished in the experimental image. The equivalence of the position of the two wrong bonds greatly eases image matching as it is no longer necessary to know which is the Ga-Ga , and which is the As-As bond.
This is the first suggested model of the [001] dislocation in GaAs, to the best of my knowledge. It is found to be similar to the atomic structure of the 90° partial dislocation in silicon (Bigger et al., 1992). No account of segregation of impurities to the grain boundary, or the [001] dislocation core is taken here, though it is very likely that an impurity atom would sit itself in this large space.
The relaxed atomic structure for the 60° dislocation showed a doubling of periodicity along the dislocation line, similar to that found in the 30° partial in Si. The core consists of a 7-membered and a 5-membered ring with a minimum of two wrong bonds.
In addition to this, quantitative comparisons of the [001] HREM image and simulated structures have been made and an iterative structure refinement carried out in order to achieve the best image matching. The resultant 'experimental-best-fit' structure was not found to be physically or chemically plausible.

Advisor: Grovenor, C
M, G
The teleological explanation of action

A different analytical approach to that of the standard causal theory to the explanation of action is proposed. It is argued that the most basic kind of explanation of action is teleological explanation in terms of external reasons. what this amounts to is that an action is the result of a causal process which adapts its results to whatever is objectively practically rational. Explanation in terms of psychological states depends on being able to make this externalist sort of explanation.
Central to this account is a theory of causal explanation which depends on the notion of a causal process. A causal process is a real entity distinct from an event. A phenomenon is causally explained when a description of the phenomenon is determined by a theoretical structure which represents how a process which results in the phenomenon works. In teleological explanation, the theoretical structure is that of practical rationality. It is argued that this must be regarded as objective practical rationality. Only purposeful activity can be explained in this way. An account of evolutionary function is provided to show why. it differs from this.
This account of teleological explanation, because it does not involve internal mental states, may be used to show how we attribute such states. An agent is essentially a teleological machine. Accounts of perception, beliefs and intentions are provided based on this.
Human immunodeficiency virus testing and linkage-to-care in South Africa: an epidemiological and economic evaluation of expansion

This thesis evaluates the cost-effectiveness of eight policies expanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in South Africa. All policies entail provider-initiated test offers for primary healthcare users and one of two options across three policy components: (i) consent method, opt-in or opt-out; (ii) test protocol, rapid only or rapid plus acute infection testing; and (iii) linkage-to-care, standard or enhanced. This thesis highlights four methodological issues. First is the challenge of conducting a population-level analysis, projecting the cost-effectiveness of expanded testing for each member of South Africa’s adult African population. To this end, I conducted a retrospective, descriptive study to measure current population-level testing rates and epidemic descriptors in an African community near Cape Town, South Africa. Second, the effects of testing expansion on current testing uptake were estimated by distinguishing testing in the study community likely to cease after testing expansion (baseline testing) from that likely to continue (background testing). Third, because testing alone is an outcome of less interest than health benefits following treatment, study community linkage-to-care probabilities were estimated and models utilized to estimate the efficacy of treatment. Fourth, the methods to convert the study community testing data into inputs for these models’ parameters are outlined. The enhanced linkage-to-care policies proved the most cost-effective, with opt-in testing and a rapid-only test protocol the least expensive cost-effective option at $848 per life year gained (LYG). Adding an opt-out consent method or acute infection test protocol to this policy increased the LYGs, but at higher cost-effectiveness ratios.

Keywords: diagnosis
economic evaluation
testing
linkage-to-care
epidemiology
cost-effectiveness
South Africa
modelling
screening
HIV/AIDS
Advisor: Jaffe, H
Legood, R
Spectral parameters of methane for remote sounding of the Jovian atmosphere

Spectroscopic measurements in the infrared have proven to be a valuable source of information about the Jovian atmosphere. However, numerous questions remain, many of which will be addressed by the Galileo μission, due to arrive at Jupiter in December, 1995. One of the instruments on Galileo is the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), which will measure temperature structure, cheμical composition, and cloud properties. The objective of the work described in this thesis was to investigate the transmittance properties of the Jovian atmosphere and, in particular, to obtain transmittance functions of CH4 for future use in the planning and interpretation of NIMS measurements.
This thesis begins with a review of our current understanding of the Jovian atmosphere (Chapter 1), and a description of the Galileo μission and the design and objectives of NIMS (Chapter 2). It is then shown (Chapter 3) that absorption bands of CH4 doμinate the nearinfrared spectrum of Jupiter, but that line data for CH4 are currently inadequate over much of the NIMS spectral range (0.7-5.2 /μi). For the purposes of NIMS, which has a low resolution of 0.25 /μi, the spectrum of CH4 can be characterised using band models of transmittance as a function of temperature, pressure, and abundance. The theory of band modelling is presented, and previous band-modelling studies of CH4 are reviewed and are also shown to be inadequate for NIMS (Chapter 4).
An experimental investigation was therefore undertaken to record CH4 spectra under Jovian conditions of low temperature, large abundance, and H2-broadening. The experimental resources used to obtain these spectra are described (Chapter 5), the generation of the transmittance spectra is discussed, and their quality is assessed (Chapter 6). The range of frequencies and laboratory conditions covered by these spectra (listed in Appendix A) makes them one of the most comprehensive data sets of this kind yet published.
These spectra were subsequently used to derive transmittance functions for CH4 (Chapter 7). A variety of models were fitted to the self-broadened CH4 spectra, and the Goody and Malkmus random band models, using the Voigt lineshape, are shown to provide the best fits. These two models were then fitted to the combined set of self- and H2-broadened CH4 spectra. The parameters fitted with the Goody-Voigt model are included in this thesis (Appendices B and C).
Finally, the application of these new band model fits to the problem of Jovian remote sounding is addressed (Chapter 8). This includes an assessment of the reliability of extrapolation to Jovian conditions, a calculation of the level in the Jovian atmosphere that will be sounded by observations of CH4 absorption, and a calculation of how the uncertainties in the fitted band model will affect the retrieval of atmospheric parameters from NIMS spectra. This thesis concludes with a detailed summary, and with suggestions for future investigations which will help to maximise the return of information from NIMS.

Advisor: Taylor, F
Rare and challenging charm decays at LHCb

This thesis presents two studies of charged charm meson decays using proton- proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1, recorded by the LHCb experiment.
A search for D(s)&plus; → π&plus;μ&plus;μ- decays is performed. Rare decays of charged charm mesons have not previously been observed unlike their counterpart B meson and kaon decays. Such decays are c → u quark transitions and take place via loop diagrams within the Standard Model. Measurements of their branching fractions are an indirect test of New Physics, whose virtual contributions may enhance such quantities. No signals are observed and the 90% (95%) CL limits on the branching fractions, the most stringent to date, are found to be,
B(D&plus; → π&plus;μ&plus;μ-) &LT; 2.9 (3.3) × 10-8,
B(Ds&plus; → π&plus;μ&plus;μ-) &LT; 1.76 (1.91) × 10-7.
The charge asymmetry measurement of D+ → π+π0 using π0 → e&plus;e-γ decays is also described. Charge asymmetry in the Standard Model is expected to be small for charm meson decays. Any measured deviation from zero would be evidence of New Physics. This decay has not previously been observed at a hadron collider and the measurement acts as a 'proof of principle' study allowing a future analysis to examine the decay mode. No evidence of CP violation is found.

Keywords: CP violation
rare decays
LHCb
charm
Advisor: John, M
Hydrodynamic analysis of a tidal cross-flow turbine

This study presents a numerical investigation of a generic horizontal axis cross-flow marine turbine. The numerical tool used is the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics package ANSYS FLUENT 12.0. The numerical model, using the SST k-w turbulence model, is validated against static, dynamic pitching blade and rotating turbine data. The work embodies two main investigations. The first is concerned with the influence of turbine solidity (ratio of net blade chord to circumference) on turbine performance, and the second with the influence of blockage (ratio of device frontal area to channel crosssection area) and free surface deformation on the hydrodynamics of energy extraction in a constrained channel.
Turbine solidity was investigated by simulating flows through two-, three- and four-bladed turbines, resulting in solidities of 0.019, 0.029 and 0.038, respectively. The investigation was conducted for two Reynolds numbers, Re = O(10^5) & O(10^6), to reflect laboratory and field scales. Increasing the number of blades from two to four led to an increase in the maximum power coefficient from 0.43 to 0.53 for the lower Re and from 0.49 to 0.56 for the higher Re computations. Furthermore, the power curve was found to shift to a lower range of tip speed ratios when increasing solidity.
The effects of flow confinement and free surface deformation were investigated by simulating flows through a three-bladed turbine with solidity 0.125 at Re = O(10^6) for channels that resulted in cross-stream blockages of 12.5% to 50%. Increasing the blockage led to a substantial increase in the power and basin efficiency; when approximating the free surface as a rigid lid, the highest power coefficient and basin efficiency computed were 1.18 and 0.54, respectively. Comparisons between the corresponding rigid lid and free surface simulations, where Froude number, Fr = 0.082, rendered similar results at the lower blockages, but at the highest blockage an increase in power and basin efficiency of up to 7% for the free surface simulations over that achieved with a rigid lid boundary condition. For the free surface simulations with Fr = 0.082, the energy extraction resulted in a drop in water depth of up to 0.7%. An increase in Fr from 0.082 to 0.131 resulted in an increase maximum power of 3%, but a drop in basin efficiency of 21%.

Keywords: cross-flow turbines
hydrodynamics
tidal stream turbines
Advisor: Willden, R
McCulloch, M