VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of early medieval copper-alloy technology, as illustrated by a study of the Anglian cruciform brooch

This thesis aims to examine the modes of production and the sources of metal supply for Migration period bow brooches, concentrating on a single form, the Anglian cruciform brooch.
The thesis is in two volumes; text and bibliography (volume 1), catalogues, tables, illustrations (volume 2). The text is in six chapters.
Attitudes to artefact studies are briefly discussed in Chapter 1 and the techniques employed in this study are outlined. Chapter 2 places the cruciform brooch forms into a simple hierarchical typology by formal similarity. A relative chronology is gained by contextual evidence, with absolute dates given by associations with other artefact types. Similarities between early English and continental forms are shown to be adequate to suggest importation, during the first half of the fifth century. Frisian and north German brooches have a special place in this system. Parallel stylistic development persisted during the second half of the fifth century but sixth-century English brooches are well distinguished from their continental contemporaries. Simple brooch types are thought to have had a long period of production and use.
By examining methods of casting and assembling cruciform brooches, Chapter 3 establishes the types and ranges of technical variation observable. Some of these technical attributes provide links between England, Frisia, northern Germany and Denmark. English brooch manufacture is diverse throughout the period under study. Norwegian metalworkers developped a very different style and the technical evidence suggests a movement towards standardisation and mass production.
In Chapter 4 we discover the types of alloy used and discuss the likely sources. Initially the alloys used were leaded brasses or bronzes. By the sixth century, copper alloys were commonly very impure. It is suggested that recycling provided a major part of the raw materials for cast copper alloys. Imports of copper alloys from France or the Celtic regions of Britain are relegated to a position of minor importance. The chemical compositions of Norwegian, Frisian, north German and Dutch cruciform brooches demonstrates access to high-tin, high-purity bronzes prevailed throughout the period. Brasses and mixed alloys were also available, probably originating from scrap. With the exception of Frisia, which appears to be more similar to Kent, alloy supplies were similar throughout the Scandinavian and continental cruciform brooch production.
Chapter 5 provides a synthesis for these findings. Plans are given for a project extension into other regions (Chapter 6).
Genome-wide DNaseI hypersensitive sites profiles in laboratory mouse strains by DNase-seq

Variation at regulatory elements, identified through hypersensitivity to digestion by Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), is believed to contribute to variation in complex traits, but the extent and consequences of this variation are poorly characterized. To investigate the relationship between sequence variation, and the functional consequences of variation in chromatin accessibility, genome-wide DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHS) of terminally differentiated erythroblasts were studied in eight inbred strains of mice studied (A/J, AKR/J, BALBc/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, CBA/J, DBA/2J, and LP/J). These strains were selected because of the availability of their genome sequence and quantitative trait loci (QTL) data.
After confirming that next generation sequencing could identify DNase I hypersensitive sites with high sensitivity and specificity, and that differential peaks could be found, an automated peak calling pipeline was developed and optimized. 36,693 DHS peaks were identified covering 9.1 Mb (0.29%) of mouse genome. There was no indication of within strain variation. Between strains reproducible variation was observed at approximately 5% of DNase hypersensitive sites (1,397 DHSs). Variable DHSs were more likely to be enhancers than promoters and less likely to occur at conserved regions of the genome. Only 36% of such variable DHSs contain a sequence variant predictive of site variation and 12% contain at least one variant that disrupts transcription factor binding sites. The majority (86%) of variable DHSs differ in size/shape and the remaining 14% demonstrate discrete variation in single peak or cluster of peaks. Sequence variants within variable DHS are more likely to be associated with complex traits than those in non-variant DHS, and variants associated with complex traits preferentially occur in enhancer-like elements. Changes at a small proportion (7%) of discretely variable DHS are associated with changes in nearby transcriptional activity. Our results show that whilst DNA sequence variation is not the major determinant of variation in open chromatin, where such variants exist they are likely to be causal for complex traits.

Keywords: chromatin variation
inbred mice
DNaseI hypersensitive sites
DNase-seq
Advisor: Flint, J
Fine-mapping complex traits in heterogeneous stock rats

The fundamental theme my thesis explores is the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic variation. It addresses three main questions. What is the genetic architecture of traits in the HS? How can sequence information help identifying the sequence variants and genes responsible for phenotypic variation? Are the genetic factors contributing to phenotypic variation in the rat homologous to those contributing to variation in the same phenotype in the mouse?
To address these questions, I analysed data collected by the EURATRANS consortium on 1,407 Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats descended from eight inbred strains through sixty generations of outbreeding. The HS rats were genotyped at 803,485 SNPs and 160 measures relevant to a number of models of disease (e.g. anxiety, type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis) were collected. The eight founders of the Stock were genotyped and sequenced. I identified loci in the genome that contribute to phenotypic variation (Quantitative Trait Loci, QTLs), and integrated sequence information with the mapping results to identify the genetic variants underlying the QTLs.
I made some important observations about the nature of genetic architecture in rats, and how this compares to mice and humans. I also showed how sequence information can be used to improve mapping resolution, and in some cases to identify causal variants. However, I report an unexpected observation: at the majority of QTLs, the genetic effect cannot be accounted for by a single variant. This finding suggests that genetic variation cannot be reduced to sequence variation. This complexity will need to be taken into account by studies that aim at unravelling the genetic basis of complex traits.

Keywords: genome-wide association study
causal variants
rats
QTL mapping
heterogeneous stocks
Advisor: Mott, R
Flint, J
Shaping single photons

The possibility of creating a scaleable quantum network by interconverting photonic and atomic qubits shows great promise. The fundamental requirement for such a network is deterministic control over the emission and absorption of photons from single atoms. This thesis reports on the experi-mental construction of a photon source that can emit single-photons with arbitrary spatio-temporal shape, phase, and frequency.
The photon source itself is a strongly-coupled atom cavity system based on a single 87 Rb atom within a macroscopic high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. It operates intermittently for periods of up to 100µs, with single-photon repetition rates of 1.0 MHz and an efficiency of almost 80%. Atoms are loaded into the cavity using an atomic fountain, with the upper turning point near the centre of the cavity mode. This ensures long interaction times without any disturbances introduced by trapping potentials. The photons’ indistinguishability was tested, with a two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility of 87%.
This ability to both generate, and control, the photons’ properties, for example producing photons with symmetric or multi-peaked spatio-temporal shapes, allows for the production of photons in an n-time-bin superposition state where each time-bin has an arbitrarily defined amplitude and phase. These photons can be used as photonic qubits, qutrits and qquads, and their properties have been tested using a small linear-optics network.

Keywords: quantum computing
quantum simulation
cavity QED
Advisor: Kuhn, A
Hierarchy and authority among the Hausa with special reference to the period of the Sokoto Calophate in the nineteenth century

This thesis concerns hierarchy and authority among the Hausa of Northern Nigeria and Niger with special reference to the period in which the various Hausa city-states were brought under a single rule in the nineteenth century, known as the Sokoto Caliphate. However, contrastive discussion also centres on the pre-jihad (1804- A.D.) Hausa polities and those kingdoms which escaped conquest in the jihad.
The examination of hierarchy and authority in this study focusses on the ways in which the Hausa consistently conceive, in political terms, other non-political institutions in their society. This hierarchical organisation extends to such diverse social institutions as craft associations and associations of youth. In addition, many of the iskoki, 'spirits', are known by their political titles and, as a group, are hierarchically organised. It is through the duplication of titles at many levels of the society and through kinship that hierarchy is expressed.
Irish cultural politics, Thomas McGreevy and the Avant-Garde, 1922-1941

This thesis analyses the responses of Irish writers and painters to a phase of national self-assertion that had arguably lost its liberating potential. It shows how the exhaustion of revolutionary pressures in Ireland after independence complicates the ties between creative activity and political activism. Drawing on a wide range of scholarship within political theory, literary criticism and art history, I chart an emerging network of literary and artistic techniques that confronts the representational aesthetics of the nation with strategies of paradox, reversal and renewal. My readings of the work of Denis Devlin, Samuel Beckett, James Joyce, Mainie Jellett, Jack Butler Yeats and, in particular, Thomas McGreevy, provide a means by which to distinguish other cultural possibilities that were imagined and pursued from 1922 to 1941, including McGreevy’s own aspiration to remould 'A Cultural Irish Republic'. The thesis argues that Ireland's political and artistic avant-garde were forcibly divided during this period: two factions that had been split apart by the effects of civil war and censorship. As such it will be preoccupied with a central question: how to sustain cultural strategies of revolutionary significance when the frontier between creative activity and political activism can no longer be straightforwardly crossed.

Keywords: Ireland
Jack Yeats
literary criticism
art history
political theory
Irish independence
James Joyce
Samuel Beckett
Thomas McGreevy
avant-garde
Advisor: Stubbs, T
Canonical extensions of bounded lattices and natural duality for default bilattices

This thesis presents results concerning canonical extensions of bounded lattices and natural dualities for quasivarieties of default bilattices. Part I is dedicated to canonical extensions, while Part II focuses on natural duality for default bilattices.
A canonical extension of a lattice-based algebra consists of a completion of the underlying lattice and extensions of the additional operations to the completion. Canonical extensions find rich application in providing an algebraic method for obtaining relational semantics for non-classical logics.
Part I gives a new construction of the canonical extension of a bounded lattice. The construction is done via successive applications of functors and thus provides an elegant exposition of the fact that the canonical extension is functorial.
Many existing constructions are described via representation and duality theorems. We demonstrate precisely how our new formulation relates to existing constructions as well as proving new results about complete lattices constructed from graphs. Part I ends with an analysis of the untopologised structures used in two methods of construction of canonical extensions of bounded lattices: the untopologised graphs used in our new construction, and the so-called `intermediate structure'. We provide sufficient conditions for the intermediate structure to be a lattice and, for the case of finite lattices, identify when the dual graph is not a minimal representation of the lattice.
Part II applies techniques from natural duality theory to obtain dualities for quasivarieties of bilattices used in default logic. Bilattices are doubly-ordered algebraic structures which find application in reasoning about inconsistent and incomplete information. This account is the first attempt to provide dualities or representations when there is little interaction required between the two orders. Our investigations begin by using computer programs to calculate dualities for specific examples, before using purely theoretical techniques to obtain dualities for more general cases. The results obtained are extremely revealing, demonstrating how one of the lattice orders from the original algebra is encoded in the dual structure.
We conclude Part II by describing a new class of default bilattices. These provide an alternative way of interpreting contradictory information. We obtain dualities for two newly-described quasivarieties and provide insights into how these dual structures relate to previously described classes of dual structures for bilattices.

Keywords: bounded lattice
canonical extension
natural duality
bilattice
Advisor: Priestley, H
A top quark mass measurement using a matrix element method

A measurement of the mass of the top quark is presented, using top-antitop pair (t-tbar) candidate events for the lepton+jets decay channel. The measurement makes use of Tevatron proton-antiproton collision data at centre-of-mass energy 1.96 TeV, collected at the CDF detector. The top quark mass is measured by employing an unbinned maximum likelihood method where the event probability density functions are calculated using signal (t-tbar) and background (W+jets) matrix elements, as well as a set of parameterised jet-to-parton mapping functions. The likelihood function is maximised with respect to the top quark mass, the fraction of signal events, and a correction to the jet energy scale (JES) of the calorimeter jets. The simultaneous measurement of the JES correction (ΔJES) provides an in situ jet energy calibration based on the known mass of the hadronically decaying W boson. Using 578 lepton+jets candidate events corresponding to 3.2 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity, the top quark mass is measured to be 172.4 ± 1.4(stat+ΔJES) ± 1.3(syst) GeV/c², one of the most precise single measurements to date.

Keywords: top
quark
transfer function
Higgs
matrix element
top quark
JES
Tevatron
CDF
W+jets
likelihood
lepton+jets
jet energy scale
mass
Advisor: Renton, P
Implicit shape representation for 2d/3d tracking and reconstruction

This thesis develops and describes methods for real-time tracking, segmentation and 3-dimensional (3D) model acquisition, in the context of developing games for stroke patients that are rehabilitating at home. Real-time tracking and reconstruction of a stroke patient's feet, hands and the control objects that they are touching can enable not only the graphical visualization of the virtual avatar in the rehabilitation games, but also permits measurement of the patient's performs.
Depth or combined colour and depth imagery from a Kinect sensor is used as input data. The 3D signed distance function (SDF) is used as implicit shape representation, and a series of probabilistic graphical models are developed for the problem of model-based 3D tracking, simultaneous 3D tracking and reconstruction and 3D tracking of multiple objects with identical appearance. The work is based on the assumption that the observed imagery is generated jointly by the pose(s) and the shape(s). The depth of each pixel is randomly and independently sampled from the likelihood of the pose(s) and the shape(s). The pose(s) tracking and 3D shape reconstruction problems are then cast as the maximum likelihood (ML) or maximum a posterior (MAP) estimate of the pose(s) or 3D shape.
This methodology first leads to a novel probabilistic model for tracking rigid 3D objects with only depth data. For a known 3D shape, optimization aims to find the optimal pose that back projects all object region pixels onto the zero level set of the 3D shape, thus effectively maximising the likelihood of the pose. The method is extended to consider colour information for more robust tracking in the presence of outliers and occlusions. Initialised with a coarse 3D model, the extended method is also able to simultaneously reconstruct and track an unknown 3D object in real time. Finally, the concept of `shape union' is introduced to solve the problem of tracking multiple 3D objects with identical appearance. This is formulated as the minimum value of all SDFs in camera coordinates, which (i) leads to a per-pixel soft membership weight for each object thus providing an elegant solution for the data association in multi-target tracking and (ii) it allows for probabilistic physical constraints that avoid collisions between objects to be naturally enforced.
The thesis also explore the possibility of using implicit shape representation for online shape learning. We use the harmonics of 2D discrete cosine transform (DCT) to represent 2D shapes. High frequency harmonics are decoupled from low ones to represent the coarse information and the details of the 2D shape. A regression model is learnt online to model the relationship between the high and low frequency harmonics using Locally Weighted Projection Regression (LWPR). We have demonstrated that the learned regression model is able to detect occlusion and recover them to the complete shape.

Keywords: real-time
3D tracking
3D reconstruction
Advisor: Murray, D
Reid, I
Morphodynamics of sand mounds in shallow flows

Large-scale bed features are often encountered in coastal waters, and include sandbanks and spoil heaps. The morphodynamic development of such features involves complicated nonlinear interactions between the flow hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and bed profile. Numerical modelling of the morphodynamic evolution and migration of large-scale bed features is necessary in order to understand their long-term behaviour in response to changing environmental conditions. This thesis describes detailed measurements of the morphodynamics of sand mounds in unidirectional and oscillatory (tidal) flows, undertaken at the U.K. Coastal Research Facility (UKCRF). High quality data were collected, including water velocities, water levels and overhead images. The parameters tested are: three types of mound shape (circular and elliptical in plan shape, and Gaussian, cosine and triangular in cross-section); underlying fixed or mobile bed conditions; and initial crest height (submerged, surface-touching and surface-piercing). Peak flow velocities are about 0.5 m/s, the sand median grain size is 0.454 mm, and transport occurring mostly as bedload. When analysing the data, the bed contours are determined by digitising the shoreline at different water levels. From these plots, the volume, height, and centroid position of the mound are calculated. A large-scale fit method, based on a Gaussian function has been used to separate small-scale ripples from the large-scale bed structure during the evolution of an isolated sand mound or spoil heap. The bed profile after the ripples are removed is comparable to typical predictions by shallow-flow numerical solvers. The UKCRF experiments investigated the morphodynamic response of a bed mound to hydrodynamic forcing: shape changes, migration rates, volume decay and sediment transport rates. The measured migration rate and decay of a submerged sand mound in the UKCRF are found to be in satisfactory agreement with results from various theoretical models, such as the analytical solution derived by De Vriend. Numerical predictions of mound evolution by a commercial code, PISCES, are also presented for a fully submerged sand mound; the bed evolution is reasonably similar to that observed in the UKCRF. The data provided as a result of the research reported in this thesis provide insight into the behaviour of sand mounds in steady and unsteady flows at laboratory scale, and should also be useful for benchmark (validation) purposes to numerical modellers of large-scale morphodynamics.

Keywords: numerical modelling
physical modelling
coastal
sand
morphodynamics
marine
sandbanks
sediment transport
Advisor: Borthwick, A
Soulsby, R
Taylor, P
On characteristic p Verma modules and subalgebras of the hyperalgebra

Let G be a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra; we study the class of infinite dimensional representations of Gcalled characteristic p Verma modules.
To obtain information about the structure of the Verma module Z(λ) we find primitive weights μ such that a non-zero homomorphism from Z(μ) to Z(λ) exists. For λ + ρ dominant, where ρ is the sum of the fundamental roots, there exist only finitely many primitive weights, and they all appear in a convex, bounded area. In the case of λ + ρ not dominant, and the characteristic p a good prime, there exist infinitely many primitive weights for the Lie algebra. For G = sl3 we explicitly present a large, but not necessarily complete, set of primitive weights. A method to obtain the Verma module as the tensor product of Steinberg modules and Frobenius twisted Z(λ1) is given for certain weights, λ = pn λ1 + (pn — 1)ρ. Furthermore, a result about exact sequences of Weyl modules is carried over to Verma modules for sl2.
Finally, the connection between the subalgebra u¯1 of the hyperalgebra U for a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra, and a group algebra KG for some suitable p-group G is studied. No isomorphism exists, when the characteristic of the field is larger than the Coxeter number. However, in the case of p — 2 we find u¯1sl3≈ KG. Furthermore, we determine the centre ofu¯nsl3, and we obtain an alternative K-basis of U-.

Advisor: Erdmann, K