VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of seeking psychological support in the police service: an  interpretative phenomenological analysis

Aims: This study aimed to develop an insight into the experience of seeking psychological support in the police service, specifically with a view to identifying the barriers and facilitative processes.
Method: Qualitative data were collected from eight police employees, using semistructured interviews. Data from the interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).
Results: Five superordinate themes and seventeen subordinate themes emerged from the data. The first superordinate theme ("The culture of the police force: fitting into the collective identity") described how participants fitted into the cultural demands of the job and the teams in which they work. Finding a way to integrate into the organisation whilst attempting to maintain one's individuality, and fitting in to the mixed expectations of the public were also described. The second superordinate theme ("Protecting the self') described ways in which participants protected themselves from emotional harm and the criticism of others. The third superordinate theme ("The acceptability of help") described participants' feelings about the legitimacy of their problems and whether seeking help implied weakness or was a tool by which to become stronger. The fourth superordinate theme ("Accessibility of help") described people's lack of awareness of sources of help, their feelings about the location of welfare officers and how this affected accessibility, and the importance of privacy and confidentiality. The final superordinate theme ("The importance of trust") described how trust was influenced by dual roles, valuing self-promotion over others and shared understanding between the help-seeker and the helper.
Conclusions: Multiple barriers to help-seeking were identified, at the intrapersonal, interpersonal and systemic levels. The role of the culture of the police was confirmed as an important factor in the decision about whether or not to seek help, via the formation of a strong identity. This culture influenced the way in which help-seeking was perceived at a systemic level, the most common attitude being that seeking help was weak. Methods through which participants protected themselves, the perceived accessibility of help and the level of trust in one's management and other sources of support also influenced help-seeking. Help-seeking in the police service needs to be encouraged with these issues in mind. Service implications and ideas for future research are presented.

Advisor: Marzillier, J
Woolrich, R
The influence of the Crusades on European military architecture to the end of the twelfth century

Any consideration of the influence of Levantine military architecture on that of the West must almost of necessity be minute and technical; and any such enquiry must obviously be based on first-hand study of the actual remains of 12th. century castles in Syria and Europe. A few of the castles in the East have been adequately described with plans and illustrations, but beyond these there are many, often of equal importance, of which details have never been published; and the sites of some, which figure in history, remain unidentified in the riot of hills filling up Syria between Antioch and Nazareth. Reference is here made to some forty Crusading castles, including, for the 12th. century, nearly all those in the East. The materials for the 13th. century in Armenia and the Greek islands are almost entirely unworked; there has, as a matter of fact, been practically no exhaustive study even of the castles of that period in Europe.
[continued in thesis]
Lewisian theism

Lewis’s modal realism is the view that possible worlds are maximal mereological sums of spatiotemporally connected individuals. Classical theism is the view that God is necessary, unitary, omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent, simple, and the creator and sustainer of all existence. Lewisian theism is the conjunction of modal realism with classical theism. In my thesis by interrelated papers, I argue, firstly, that Lewisian theism is consistent, provided certain theoretical revisions are made to modal realism, and, secondly, that Lewisian theism has the resources to solve certain philosophico-theological problems. In the prologue, I introduce the thesis and expound Lewisian theism. In the first substantive paper, I argue that God’s necessity is incompatible with counterpart theory; but, in the second, I argue, contra the dominant view in the literature, that if we eschew counterpart theory for analysing God’s necessity, Lewisian theism is consistent. The third and fourth papers concern material adequacy; the third concerns the existence of evil worlds, wherein I argue that Lewisian theists can non-problematically deny the existence of such worlds; and the fourth concerns the existence of an empty world, wherein I argue that Lewisian theists can supply such a world. The fifth paper concerns Lewisian theism’s ability to solve a philosophico-theological problem; herein, I argue, firstly, that a valid version of the contingency argument against divine simplicity can be supplied (contra some philosophers), and secondly that Lewisian theism has the resources to render this argument unsound. The last paper contains an abductive argument for the existence of God from modal realism; I argue that the best way to account for the truths of advanced modal claims is to posit the existence of God.

Keywords: modal realism
modal metaphysics
Lewisian theism
philosophy of religion
classical theism
philosophical theology
Advisor: Rodriguez-Pereyra, GJ
Wood, WD
Ordinary language philosophy: examining what we should say when

This thesis takes its cue from J.L. Austin (‘A Plea for Excuses’): philosophy which proceeds from ordinary language (OLP) is an exercise in ‘examining what we should say when, and so why and what we should mean by it’ (P F E: 129). It argues that the method of OLP (The Method) is properly understood when we view language through a Cavellian lens. Linguistic competence emerges not as tacit knowledge of a system of strict rules, but as a kind of skill: a fluid ability to leverage one’s attunement to others in order to make oneself understood. In light of this, The Method ought to be understood as a self-conscious deployment of this skill, an invitation to project our words into novel contexts. Such an invitation is illuminating, because it asks us to attend, carefully and critically, to the world, and to follow out the holistic conceptual connections revealed by our projection of a word into a given context. Because this attention is careful and critical, OLP need not be conservative; neither need The Method precipitate us into a gross relativism. Indeed, a vision of language based on attunement offers a realistic, and deeply sensitive, picture of what is involved in responsibly negotiating our differences.

Keywords: projection
rule-following
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Stanley Cavell
J. L. Austin
ordinary language philosophy
Advisor: Avramides, A
Carbonate precipitation during anoxic water-rock interaction, with implications for the formation of the Martian carbonates

Despite over a Martian decade (20 years) of surface-based observations, reconciling Mars’ water- altered landscapes with a detailed reconstruction of its former atmosphere has remained problematic. Carbon dioxide is widely considered the main early atmospheric constituent based on expected outgassing behaviour and observed atmospheric isotope ratios, yet carbonate minerals — the expected sinks for this carbon — are only abundant in scarce isolated localities across the surface. While orbital spectroscopic investigations continue to yield an increasing inventory of these deposits, their relative rarity has prompted suggestions that the Noachian atmosphere was commonly characterised by low pCO2. However, without a thorough investigation of how exactly carbonates form under Mars-like conditions, their absence cannot be definitively linked to the absence of an atmosphere. To supply this key information, and to answer the more fundamental issue of carbonate precipitation mechanisms under anoxic, aqueous conditions, this thesis examines the controls on Fe(II)-carbonate precipitation. Anoxic experiments were conducted that varied initial pH, rock:water ratio, and pCO2. These were run with the minerals fayalite, a combination of fayalite/forsterite (Chapter 3), followed by rock common to Mars (basalt; Chapter 4). In these experiments no substantive Fe(II)-carbonate precipitation occurred despite significant supersaturation with respect to siderite. Reaction path models indicate Fe(II)-carbonate supersaturation thresholds would have been commonly met in low rock:water ratio systems within the subsurface as opposed to high-pCO2, high water-rock systems exposed at the near-surface. This suggests that the rarity of Martian carbonates may be partly controlled by a lack of deep crustal exposures, rather than insufficient atmospheric pCO2. Later, at hydrothermal temperatures of 75 °C (Chapter 5), siderite formed in appreciable quantities as rhombs and hexagonal platelets. This is consistent with carbonate formation in a warmer, sheltered subsurface. Together, the experiments within this thesis support wider orbital data by other researchers suggesting that carbonates may comprise a large component of the deep crust, potentially representing a geologically significant carbon sink and offering a suggested fate for a once substantial (~1 bar) atmosphere.

Keywords: carbonate
fluid-rock interaction
geochemistry
Mars
olivine
Noachian
Advisor: Tosca, N
Mather, TA
Realising complex quantum states of matter via symmetries and heating

Identifying mechanisms which can guide many-body quantum systems into regimes where properties such as entanglement and long-range coherence are manifest is a fundamental goal for those working in the field of strongly correlated systems. With this comes the potential to realise and exploit states of matter such as superconductors and superfluids, where quantum behaviour is observable at the macroscopic level.
In this thesis we study how symmetries and heating can, counterintuively, be used to realise phases of matter with such desirable properties. We prove how heating a many-body system whilst preserving certain symmetries - such as those of the special unitary group - result in the formation of maximum entropy states which are confined to a subspace of the total Hilbert space and are capable of possessing finite, completely uniform off-diagonal correlations. This mechanism is termed heating-induced order and is independent of any microscopic details.
We use the Hubbard model as a central example where this mechanism can be observed. Heating is introduced to the system via periodic driving or local dissipation and we study the various ordered steady states which emerge in this setup. We discuss the applicability of this mechanism to the thermodynamic limit and its relevance to recent solid-state experiments observing photo-induced superconductivity in irradiated compounds.
We then show how, in an open quantum system, the satisfaction of a set of simple symmetry-based conditions guarantees an absence of stationarity and the formation of coherent oscillations in the long-time limit. We prove how this result subsumes and goes beyond the established notion of a Decoherence Free Subspace. When these conditions are satisfied in the presence of heating-induced order we observe the formation of an entangled, correlated state undergoing identical limit cycles at all positions in space. This leads us to formulate a novel process for quantum synchronisation which is based on the combination of these symmetry-based conditions and the mechanism of heating-induced order.

Keywords: Superconductivity
Long-Range Order
Strongly Correlated Systems, Driven Quantum Systems, Open Quantum Systems, Symmetry, Superconductivity, Quantum Engineering, Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order
Symmetry
Open Quantum Systems
Driven Quantum Systems
Advisor: Jaksch, D
PDE based models of electric field sensors and their corresponding inverse problems

This thesis is concerned with the forward and inverse problems associated with Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). We collectively refer to these paradigms, and other associated modalities, as Electric Field Sensing (EFS). Common to all EFS modalities is the aim to determine the conductivity and permittivity of the material inside a volume from measurements of the electric potential and electric flux taken on the boundary of the volume. EFS modalities have many applications in industrial processes and medical diagnostics due mainly to the non-invasive, non-ionising, and non-destructive property of electric field measurements.
For each application the choice of electrode configuration and sensor input are critical: the shape of the generated electric field and the measurement sensitivity and material specificity are dependent on these choices. We are particularly motivated to study planar configurations of electrodes with time-dependent voltage impulses applied sequentially to different subsets of the electrodes.
We derive five PDE models that describe the electric field in either the frequency or the time domain. In particular, we propose a novel choice of boundary conditions, determined by a coupled ODE, to model additional circuit components and parasitic capacitances inherent in all EFS sensors. For each model, we prove existence and uniqueness results. We also discuss the numerical solution of each model using the Finite Element Method (FEM).
We then consider the inverse problems associated to each of the five models. We detail four, practically inspired, measurement paradigms and prove equivalence by explicitly constructing bijections between them. Our unified approach of combining sequential measurements can be applied to each of the five models. Most notably, we prove the equivalence between sequential measurements taken on two electrodes with measurements taken concurrently on all electrodes. We also discuss the partial data case where not all electrode pairs are sampled.
Finally, in the case of the partial data, we discuss novel methods for estimating the missing data using known measurements of a closely related parameter distribution: the benefit being reconstruction algorithms developed for the full data problem can then be applied to the partial data case.

Keywords: electric field sensing
capacitance
sensors
electrical impedance tomography
shunt model
electrical capacitance tomography
Advisor: Capdeboscq, YCR
Please, CP
High-order numerical methods for scattering problems

Scattering problems are ubiquitous in scientific and engineering applications. These problems can often be straightforwardly modeled using relatively simple linear partial differential equations, such as the Helmholtz equation. The numerical solution of these equations, however, can be challenging due to several features of the problem, such as ill-conditioning, unbounded domains, corner singularities, and oscillatory solutions. In this thesis we present novel numerical methods for the efficient handling of some of these challenges.
We first consider the case of homogeneous scattering on domains with corners and introduce a new solver in this regime, based on results in the rational approximation theory literature. The solver uses an exponentially clustered sum of dipoles to resolve the singularities in the solution and a simple expansion to resolve the smooth part. We show that the convergence is root-exponential with respect to the number of degrees of freedom and illustrate the behavior of the solver in several numerical experiments.
We next turn our attention to the case of inhomogeneous scattering and present a new solver for the Lippmann–Schwinger equation, an integral equation reformulation of the problem. The new solver is based on the hierarchically block separable matrix format and exploits the geometry of the discretization and problem for accelerated inversion. The solver is shown to be effective both as a direct solver and preconditioner in a number of numerical experiments.
For our last contribution we consider broadband applications in homogeneous scattering. We present a new technique for accelerating existing direct solvers in this regime. The technique works by computing basis matrices for all of the low-rank blocks in a rank-structured matrix format and leverages the observation that the resulting ranks are often comparable to those at just the highest frequency. Again, the viability of the method is illustrated in several numerical experiments.

Keywords: numerical analysis
integral equations
scattering theory
fast direct solvers
Advisor: Trefethen, L
Cultures of time: radical politics in France, 1899–1913

This thesis argues that understandings and experiences of time were a central element in the creation and the development of radical political movements on the far right and the far left in France in the period from 1899 to 1913. I establish this argument on three levels: first, time was of particular importance to the characters of this study and to the groupings they formed; next, it was a source of contestation which groups often used to distinguish themselves from one another or which could divide them internally; and finally, different understandings and experiences of time caused radical movements to evolve in certain ways and were at the heart of how they developed.
The study draws its sources from several overlapping circles of thinkers, writers, and activists: those who engaged in the Dreyfus Affair, those active in independent socialist and syndicalist groups, and those involved in nationalist leagues. Diverse though these groupings were, they all asked parallel questions about the nature of and the relationship between the temporal categories of past, present, and future. On the far left, thinkers and activists sought to bridge a perceived gulf between present and future while on the far right, many pondered how to overcome a present they perceived as worthless and attempted to heal the rift between past and future in the French national timeframe.
Exploring ideas about time allows us to enrich our understanding of these circles, the nature of their activism, and the broader makeup of the French political landscape of the time. Ultimately, the thesis offers an original perspective on an important moment in French history and, in so doing, seeks to make a methodological contribution by demonstrating that understandings and experiences of time provide a useful analytical tool for historians.

Keywords: Futurist fiction
Dreyfus Affair
Third Republic
Cercle Proudhon
Jean Jaurès
Action française
Ligue des patriotes
France
Revolutionary syndicalism
Maurice Barrès
Socialism
Universités populaires
Radical politics
Marxism
Ligue de la patrie française
Everyday life in the “glitzy” city: navigating belonging and exclusion in Dubai

In this thesis, I argue that the dominant discourse on Dubai and other spectacular cities implicitly or explicitly seeks to uncover the “real” city that lies beneath the veneer of the spectacle. In doing so, the existing scholarship advances a problematic binary discourse about supposedly “authentic, local” spaces contrasted with alienating, “tourist” spaces. In these narratives, Dubai’s inhabitants are often depicted as estranged from the spectacular city, eliding the meanings that inhabitants create in it. Through an urban ethnography conducted between 2017-2019 with middle-class citizens and long-term residents in Dubai, I focus on experiences of belonging and un-belonging and show that the city is a site of complex attachments for its inhabitants. I show that my middle-class interlocutors have ambivalent, complex, and contradictory relationships with the city’s spectacles: they experience belonging, have cherished memories, and engage in cultural contestations within the spectacular urban landscapes. However, they also experience loss, rapid changes and other forms of un-belonging. This research begins by investigating how different actors implicitly or explicitly engage with discourses of authenticity about Dubai. It then explores experiences of belonging and exclusion at the intersections of ethnicity, class, gender and citizenship.

Keywords: Cities
Urban studies
Belonging
Advisor: Krishnan, S
Armbrust, W
Mathematical models of two-dimensional sheets and foundations

The ubiquity of thin elastic materials in biology and engineering has motivated the development of many reduced models to describe their elastic deformation. This thesis is concerned with the validity of some common reduced models to problems motivated by recent experiments, as well as the derivation of appropriate alternatives.
The first problem is motivated by the indentation of suspended elastic sheets, as is often done to characterize ultra-thin solids (including truly two-dimensional materials like graphene). While this is a convenient means of measuring properties such as the stretching modulus of these materials, experiments on ostensibly similar systems have reported material properties that differ by more than an order of magnitude. We demonstrate that such reported differences may arise from the inappropriate use of asymptotic results as well as commonly neglected effects, namely the indenter geometry and non-Hookean material behaviour. In particular, we present a modelling study of this indentation process assuming linear elasticity and implement a model that accounts for large strains and plate rotations.
The second problem comes from the deformation of a thin elastic foundation. A linear force--deflection relationship (known as Winkler's mattress model) is often used as a simplified model to understand how a thin elastic layer deforms when subject to a distributed normal load. For an incompressible material, however, the model predicts infinite resistance to deformation and, hence, breaks down. We derive a model that describes the deformation of thin elastic layers in response to pressure and shear loading, and that holds for both incompressible and compressible materials alike. We find that the applicability of Winkler's model in not determined by the value of the Poisson's ratio alone, but by a compressibility parameter that combines the Poisson's ratio with a measure of the layer’s slenderness. We illustrate the application of our combined foundation model to three example problems.
Finally, we consider the macroscopic elastic properties of thin cellular structures. Internal cellular pressure (turgor) is known to provide structural rigidity to non-woody plants and has been used to induce Gaussian curvature in inflatable shells. However, the route through which pressure induces this macroscopic rigidity remains unclear. We calculate the macroscopic bulk, stretching, and bending moduli of a two-dimensional single-cell thick structure with variable internal pressure in a simple model. Using these effective moduli, we then consider problems purely at a macroscale, considering the implications of our results for bryophytes (e.g. mosses) and soft robotics.

Keywords: Two-dimensional solids
Cellular structure
Elastic substrate
Turgor pressure
Winkler's Mattress Model
Membrane theory
Hele-Shaw flow
Material characterization
Perturbation analysis
Elasticity
Elastic constants
Beam theory
Advisor: Vella, D