VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Identity driven institutional work: examining the emergence and effect of a pro bono organization within the English legal profession

Although a growing number of scholars suggest that the construction of identity is an important form of institutional work, the complex interactions between identities and institutions remain under-explored. In particular, few studies consider how the affective aspects of identities may inform institutional work. This thesis examines the experiences of lawyers who volunteered to create and support a legal charity. As these volunteers grew to more than twenty thousand over fifteen years, the charity gradually centralized charitable work across law firms for the first time. In this way, it transformed the institution of pro bono work within the English legal profession. Drawing on this case study, this thesis employs a grounded theory methodology to generate a conceptual framework that connects emotion work, identity work and institutional work. This framework suggests that some professionals work to re-assert and ‘remember’ aspects of their traditional identities that compete with some contemporary demands. This can prompt identity contradictions that inspire reflection on professional practices. This identity work may also encourage professionals to evoke emotions of guilt that can imbue contradictions with enough significance to create a purpose for remedial institutional work. When enabled by meso-level processes, such micro-level work can reinvigorate traditional practices and accomplish institutional change.

Keywords: institutional work
professionals
emotion work
identity work
Advisor: Morris, T
Dopson, S
Development, planning and participation in New Brunswick

This is a study of political change in a small Canadian province. At its centre is the tension between rational plans for economic development and political demands grounded in existing attitudes and interests. This must be resolved for plans to be realised in new behaviour, and some elites will extend participation in planning, (which stimulates, informs, and commits participants to implement them), while minimising its effective impact on plans.
In 1940, New Brunswick was under-developed and typically peripheral, with regional political structures that coincided with economic clienteles based in primary production. Its political evolution is traced primarily through detailed studies of three exercises in development planning. These rely on newspapers, interviews, government documents both published and unpublished, and archival material.
Public participation was first conjoined with planning for post-WWII reconstruction. State spending, however, continued to support established regional elites. In the 1950s, New Brunswick's Electric Power Commission planned infrastructure for foreign investors in heavy industry. This case illustrates expertise's growing influence, the importance of implicit organisational goals, and the accommodation of interests by active organisations: these were relevant to the state as a whole after power was centralised in the 1960s. Then, a comprehensive plan for one region was designed, but the extensive participatory structures implanted facilitated resistance to an imposed plan rather than its implementation.
As development proceeds, ineffective participation in planning - involvement - becomes insufficient to generate consent. It is shown that individuals' political action is unlikely to be effective, so plans must be formulated, and consent secured, through interest-organisations.
Provincial interest groups are explored, through their incorporation records and a sample survey. Their relations with the state (itself treated as a purposeful organisation) are analysed. It is found that the working classes, rural inhabitants, and francophones are organisationally under-represented and lack an effective part in planning. The implications of their disaffection are briefly discussed.
Generation of heralded single photons in pure quantum states

Single photons - discrete wavepackets of light - are one of the most fundamental entities in physics. In recent years, the ability to consistently create and manipulate both single photons and pairs of photons has facilitated everything from tests of quantum theory to the implementation of quantum-enhanced precision measurements. These activities all fall within the scope of the rapidly-growing field of quantum information - the exploitation of the properties of quantum states (and specifically their capability to exist in superpositions) to accomplish tasks that would not be possible with classical objects. One stated goal of research in quantum information is to build a device consisting of a network of quantum logic gates that can evaluate quantum algorithms. The photonic implementation of individual logic gates has already been demonstrated. However, partly due to standard methods of preparing single photons, current schemes have severe limitations in terms of scaling up from a single logic gate to multiple concatenated operations. Until now it has not been proven that single photons can be generated in pure and indistinguishable quantum states, something upon which the successful operation of optical quantum logic gates relies. This thesis presents an experimental demonstration of simultaneous generation of almost identical single photons in highly pure states from two independent sources based on parametric downconversion. This is a process of photon pair generation during the passage of a light beam through a nonlinear crystal; one photon from the resulting pair is detected to herald the other. The work herein describes, refines, and implements a technique that minimises the strong quantum correlations usually present within each pair by spectral engineering of the source. This allows the heralded single photons to be in pure states, a property that is confirmed by observing a high-visibility two-photon interference effect without spectral filtering.

Keywords: parametric downconversion
interference
photon
single photon source
Quantum physics
pure state
spectral engineering
Advisor: Walmsley, I
Model-driven data migration

Information systems often hold data of considerable value. Their continuing development or maintenance will often necessitate evolution of the system and migration of the data from one version to the next: a process that may be expensive, time-consuming, and prone to error. That such a process remains a source of challenges, is recognized by both academia and industry. In current practice, data migration is often considered only in the later stages of development, leaving critical data to be transformed and loaded by hand-written scripts, long after the design process has been completed.
The advent of model-driven engineering offers an opportunity to consider the question of information system evolution and data migration earlier in the development process. A precise account of the proposed changes to an existing system model can be used to predict the consequences for existing data, and to generate the necessary data migration implementation.
This dissertation shows how automatic data migration can be achieved by extending the definition of a data modeling language to include model level operations, each of which corresponds to the addition, modification, or deletion of a model component. Using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) notation as an example, we show how the specification of these operations may be translated into an abstract program in the Abstract Machine Notation (AMN), employed in the B-method, and then formally checked for consistency and applicability prior to translation into a concrete programming notation, such as Structured Query Language (SQL).

Keywords: model-driven development
information system evolution
software engineering
Advisor: Davies, J
Investing in ghosts: building and construction in Nigeria’s oil boom and bust c.1960-2000 

Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, has been portrayed in scholarly literature as a prominent case of postcolonial African ‘growth failure’. Between 1960 and 2000 oil reserves were exploited resulting in revenues of more than $300 billion to the Nigerian government, while real per capita income fell over the same period. This thesis, by focusing on building and construction in Nigeria from 1960 to 2000, explains how and why Nigeria failed to invest its oil revenues to create long-term economic growth. Its findings have important implications for investment analyses of other commodity-rich countries in Africa and across the developing world. It draws on a wide range of primary quantitative and qualitative sources including government surveys, construction-related company financial data and project lists, industry publications, newspapers, and the correspondence files of a major Nigerian architecture firm. These are used to present a picture of historical building activity which includes a 40-year dataset of cement price and consumption, and a construction supply curve for both the oil boom and bust periods.
By quantifying for the first time the long-observed ‘ghost construction’ of the oil boom, this thesis finds that annually about two thirds of what scholars and national accounts statistics had estimated was being invested in construction was never actually invested, implying that what was invested offered a greater return than has previously been acknowledged. Although investment in construction was overstated during the oil boom, during the oil bust construction was understated as major government projects were funded off-budget and away from public scrutiny. This thesis demonstrates that the most productive area of public investment has been infrastructure, and further that the private sector construction industry was a valuable asset which greatly enhanced the government’s ability to implement investment programmes, when it had the political will to do so.

Keywords: Resource Curse
Investment
Oil Boom
Corruption
Fixed Capital
Infrastructure
Nigeria
Construction
Advisor: Deutsch, J
Collier, P
Kentish politics and public opinion, 1768-1832

This thesis seeks to examine the increasing importance of national issues and popular consciousness in the politics of the county of Kent during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The Excise and Jew Bill crises indicate that public opinion and extra-parliamentary protest were by no means dormant under the early Hanove.rians, but without effective leadership either at Westminster or in the provinces, without a coherent ideological basis, and without the encouragement of a well-oiled propaganda machine, reaction to national events tended to be unco-ordinated and short-lived. Not until after 1768, when men like Wilkes, Wyvill and John Reeves began to organise popular agitation, when Burke, Paine and Gartwright gave shape to conservative and radical ideas, and when better transport and the development of the press facilitated the easy diffusion of news and comment, did a new complexion come across the face of English affairs.
Clearly defined issues also appeared on the politidal stage and quickly cultivated a high level of public debate. Between 1768 and 1783 the Middlesex election dispute and the American War focused the attention of Kent's urban freemen and landed classes on calls for parliamentary and economical reform, and ensured that the county was in the van of those who joined Yorkshire in its campaign of lobbying and petitioning. After 1784 reform was eclipsed, first by the all-embracing struggle among the partisans of Pitt and Fox, and then by the dark menace of Jacobin and Napoleonic France, but in the context of public awareness and participation, the fall of the Coalition and the Regency crisis, together with the formation of Reevite committees, corresponding societies and the Volunteers, gave these turbulent decades a lasting significance. The return to peace in 1815 brought fresh problems for Kentish gentlemen and labourers alike and acted as a spur to renewed agitation out-of-doors. When, however, ministers, and the House of Commons proved deaf to the pleas of a distressed nation, and even went so far as to violate the much acclaimed Protestant Ascendancy, constitutional change seemed the only remaining remedy and by 1832 concerted popular enthusiasm had carried the Reform Bill over every obstacle thrown in its path.
Subjectivist theories of normative language

On the assumption that there are no objective normative facts, what is the best theory of normative language? I try to answer this question.
Chapter 1 argues for a presumption against noncognitivism and explains why error-theories are of limited interest: they concern adverbs and adjectives like ‘moral’, but not words like ‘ought’, ‘good’ and ‘reason’. This narrows down the options: the best subjectivist theory of normative language is a truth conditional, non-error-theoretic account.
Chapter 2 argues for contextualism about normative statements. Contextualists hold that their truth conditions (can) vary with the context of utterance.
Chapter 3 starts the assessment of contextualist theories. It looks into Humean accounts. Problems are revealed with both Harman’s and Schroeder’s versions.
Chapter 4 develops a form of indexical relativism according to which the truth of normative statements depends on contextually salient rules. I present imperative-based analyses of ‘ought’ and ‘reason’ and show how they can explain why ‘A ought to X’ entails that the balance of reasons favours that A X-es.
Chapter 5 further develops the theory of chapter 4 and applies it to the words ‘good’ and ‘must’. It turns out to be hard to analyse ‘good’. It also emerges that ‘must’ and ‘ought’ cannot be given different truth conditions.
Chapter 6 explains Stephen Finlay’s end-relational theory. On this account, normative statements concern the relation in which acts or objects stand to contextually salient ends. In the case of ‘ought’ and ‘good’, this relation is one of probability raising.
Chapter 7 discusses and answers some familiar objections to Finlay’s view.
Chapter 8 raises some new problems, related to the fact that normative judgments are often made in the light of several ends.
Chapter 9 explains why the end-relational theory is nonetheless the best subjectivist theory of normative language.

Keywords: normative language
normative antirealism
contextualism
moral antirealism
normative semantics
Stephen Finlay
moral relativism
Advisor: Wedgwood, R
The symbolism and rhetoric of hair in Latin elegy

This thesis examines the hair imagery that runs through the works of Propertius, Tibullus, and Ovid. Comparative analysis of the elegists’ approaches to the motif, with particular emphasis on determining where and how each deviates from the cultural assumptions and literary tradition attached to each image, sheds light on the character and purposes of elegy as a genre, as well as on the individual aims and innovations of each poet. The Introduction provides some background on sociological approaches to the study of hair, and considers the reasons why hair imagery should have such a prominent presence in elegy. Chapter 1 focuses on the elegists’ engagement with the idea of cultus (‘cultivation’), and their manipulation of the connotations traditionally attached to elaborate hairstyles, of sophistication on the one hand, and immorality on the other, to suit an elegiac context. Chapter 2 looks at how the complexities of the power relationship between the lover and his mistress play out in references to violent hair-pulling. Chapter 3 focuses on the sometimes positively and sometimes negatively spun image of grey-haired lovers, as a reflection of the lover-poet’s own contradictory wishes for his relationship with his mistress; it also considers grey hair as a symbol of physical mortality, as contrasted with poetic immortality. Chapter 4 examines the use of images of loose hair (especially images of dishevelled mourning) to suggest connotations ranging from the erotic to the pathetic, and focuses on the effects the elegists achieve by using a single image to communicate multiple implications. The Conclusion considers the ‘afterlife’ of elegiac hair imagery: the influence that their approaches had on later authors’ handling of similar images.

Keywords: Amores
Latin
adornment
beauty
Ars Amatoria
elegy
cultus
love poetry
Latin elegy
mourning
hair imagery
old age
Tibullus
violence
Ovid
hair
Latin literature
Propertius
Advisor: Heyworth, S
Improving transgenic approaches to mosquito population control

The disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are serious and growing threats to global health. As vectors of the arboviruses dengue fever and chikungunya, these mosquitoes are responsible for hundreds of millions of cases and thousands of deaths each year. Absent specific treatments or vaccines, effective control of mosquito populations remains the only option for tackling a growing public health challenge. More effective control tools are urgently needed. Recently, a novel approach to pest population control has been developed based on the release of insects carrying a repressible, dominant lethal allele. This approach has achieved dramatic reductions in Ae. aegypti populations in regulated open field experiments. Despite this success, there remains scope to improve upon the current technology. It is proposed that an 'ideal' strain would combine the following features: (i) repressible lethality in late juvenile phases; (ii) a mechanism for removing females at an early developmental stage in the release generation; and (iii) orthogonal expression control mechanisms allowing both these systems to be combined in a single strain.
This thesis describes research undertaken in pursuit of a 'next generation' strain. Two novel promoters from putative Osiris genes have been identified which confer a 102-103 – fold up-regulation in transgene expression specific to late pupal stages. One of these 'Osiris' promoters has been used to develop transgenic Aedes aegypti strains. 5 lines showed pupal-specific lethality of 98-100% penetrance, which was repressed in the presence of tetracycline. An Ae. albopictus orthologue of the sex-determining gene doublesex (dsx) has been isolated and characterised and a female-specific expression system developed. Transgenic lines show female-specific expression of a transgene; however, there remains some 'leaky' expression in male insects. Finally, a potential expression control tool based on an auxin-inducible expression system has been investigated. 11 different transgenic lines were developed based on three different construct designs. None showed auxin-inducible expression of a transgene.

Keywords: population control
Mosquitos
dengue fever
transgenic
Advisor: Shimeld, S
Alphey, L
An inclusive analysis of the leptonic decay modes of the Z⁰ boson

This thesis describes an analysis of the process e+e— → l+l- (where l = e, μ,, τ) at centre-of-mass energies between 88 GeV and 94 GeV, using the data collected by the DELPHI detector between the years 1991 and 1993. The leptonic decays of the Z° boson are selected without attempting to separate the three lepton types, thus making it an inclusive lepton analysis.
The theory behind lepton pair production is introduced and the extraction of various electroweak parameters from the experimental observables is discussed. The LEP collider and the DELPHI detector are described, with special emphasis being given to the sub-detectors used in the analysis. The criteria used to select a high purity leptonic sample are described along with calculations of various backgrounds and efficiencies. The sample of selected leptonic events is then used to measure the cross-sections and forward-backward asymmetries.
Finally, a fit to these cross-sections and asymmetries, together with the hadronic (e+e- → qq̄) cross-sections, is carried out. Various Z° parameters are obtained: the mass and total width Mz-91.1876 ± 0.0052 GeV/c2, Γz = 2.4971 ± 0.0061 GeV, the ratio of the hadronic to leptonic partial widths Rl = 20.73 ± 0.09, and the pole leptonic asymmetry (A°FB)1 = 0.0195 ± 0.0042. Using these results and the value of the strong coupling constant (αs), determined by the DELPHI collaboration, the number of light neutrino species is determined to be Nν = 3.045 ± 0.035. The leptonic partial width is found to be: Γl = 83.82 ± 0.29 MeV. Using the measured leptonic forward-backward asymmetries, the squared vector and axial-vector couplings of the Z° to charged leptons are found to be (ĝv1)2-3
and (ĝa1)2 = 0.2505 ± 0.0009. These values can be used to determine the effective rho parameter and the effective weak mixing angle: p̂ = 1.0020 ± 0.0036, and sin2 θefflept = 0.2297 ± 0.0024.
A full Standard Model fit to the data gives the values of the strong coupling constant, αs, and the mass of the top quark, mtop, as being:
αs = 0.123 ± 0.010,
mtop = 178+22-25 (expt)+18-16(Higg s)GeV/c2,
where 60 < mHiggs (GeV/c2) < 1000 with a central value of 300 GeV/c2. All the results obtained agree with the results from the lepton-identified analyses (analyses in which leptonic events are selected on the basis of their individual flavour) and with the predictions of the Standard Model.

Advisor: Renton, P
Spin and energy transport in boundary-driven low-dimensional open quantum systems

In spite of being the subject of intense research, several key but complex questions on the nonequilibrium physics of correlated quantum systems remain controversial. For example, the nature of particle and energy transport in different interacting regimes, the relevance of integrability and the impact of environmental coupling are still under active debate. These problems can now be approached numerically, due to the development of powerful algorithms which allow the efficient simulation of the dynamics of correlated systems.
In the present thesis we study numerically and analytically the transport properties of low-dimensional quantum systems. In particular, we consider the steady-state spin and energy conduction through XXZ boundary-driven spin-1/2 chains. In the first part, we analyse the transport through chains with only coherent processes in the bulk. For spin transport induced by a magnetisation imbalance between the boundaries, previously identified ballistic, diffusive and negative differential conductivity regimes are reproduced. We provide a comprehensive explanation of the latter. The energy conduction induced by this driving scheme features the same properties as spin transport. For thermally-driven chains, we discuss the nature of energy transport and the emergence of local thermal states when the integrability of the Hamiltonian is broken.
In the second part of the thesis we analyse the effect of bulk incoherent effects on the transport properties previously discussed. First we find that for weak particle-particle interactions, pure dephasing degrades spin and energy conduction. In contrast, for strong interactions dephasing induces a significant transport enhancement. We identify the underlying mechanism and discuss its generality. Finally, motivated by the lattice structure of several organic conductors, we study the interplay between coherent and incoherent processes in systems of weakly-coupled chains. We find an enhancement effect due to incoherent interchain hopping, stronger than that by dephasing, which increases with the chain length and relates to superdiffusive transport.

Keywords: diffusion
dephasing
thermalisation
Spin and energy transport
incoherent coupling
current enhancement
Advisor: Jaksch, D