VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Argentine and Chilean approaches to modern pan-Americanism, 1888-1930

This thesis seeks to explain Argentine and Chilean approaches to modern Pan-Americanism. It offers several significant contributions to the historiography of Pan-Americanism and Southern Cone policymaking. First, it provides a sweeping overview of Pan-Americanism as a form of regional cooperation from 1888 to 1930, gathering the various strands of Pan-American history and forming a coherent overall narrative. It introduces a two-dimensional analytical framework for understanding Pan-American cooperation as a whole. The 'first dimension' included efforts to regulate the political relationships in the Americas while the 'second dimension' was more technical, social, cultural, and commercial. Within this framework, the approaches of two participant countries (Chile and Argentina) are closely examined in parallel. Attitudes towards the US, geopolitical calculations, and economic considerations – the basis of most historical interpretations – form part of the explanation, but this thesis presents a more complicated set of actors, influences, and ideas. Inspired by the methodology of Foreign Policy Analysis and recent studies in modern regionalism, the second half of the thesis deconstructs Pan-American policies. It examines four patterns that emerged through research: changes in the organization of policymaking, the influence of non-state actors and public opinion, the rise of intermestic strands of Pan-Americanism, and the role of ideas in international relations. Each pattern is analyzed and fully substantiated using evidence selected from the narrative and supplemented by wider research. Referencing models from multiple disciplines, the chapters reveal how different actors and objectives (including stemming social crisis, gaining prestige, and demonstrating commitment to democratic governance) influenced policy at different moments. Ultimately, this thesis emphasises the interplay of factors and suggests that unpacking Pan-Americanism has implications for understanding Latin America's role in international history and modern regionalism in the Americas.

Keywords: Chile-History
Argentina-Foreign Relations
Argentina-History
Chile-Foreign Relations
Pan-Americanism
Advisor: Knight, A
Sexton, J
Biomarkers of anti-angiogenic therapy in breast cancer

The hunt for biomarkers for anti-VEGF agent bevacizumab is ongoing since last decade with no success. Identifying robust biomarkers for stratifying patients and for monitoring response is important for the future use of bevacizumab in breast cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) analysis and genome wide gene expression analysis are two promising approaches to understand the molecular mechanisms and search for biomarker of anti-angiogenic therapy. Firstly, with the retrospective pilot study, a close link between DCE-MRI findings and the molecular mechanisms assisting cancer survival and metastasis was established. Secondly, the prospective window of opportunity study conducted using single cycle of bevacizumab given before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and by performing detailed pharmacodynamic analyses with DCE-MRI and gene expression before and two weeks after bevacizumab had shown a wide variation in responses to bevacizmab both at genomic and imaging level. A close link between changes in DCE-MRI and the changes in gene expression profile was further established suggesting DCE-MRI has potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers of antiangiogenic therapy. Tumours with high baseline values of forward transfer constant Ktrans showed the maximum response as assessed by DCE-MRI after bevacizumab. By performing biopsy after single cycle of bevacizumab, the changes in genes related to immune response, metabolism and cell signalling were observed that gives a useful insight into mechanisms governing response and resistance to bevacizumab. Also the certain gene expression changes observed with post bevacizumab biopsies, such as down regulation of endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (ESM1), cyclin E1 (CCNE1) and up regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), cyclic GMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase B (PDE3B) could be helpful in decision-making about future therapy with bevacizumab at an early stage. This study has suggested that using bevacizumab in combination with other targeted agents could overcome resistance.

Keywords: gene expression array
bevacizumab
breast cancer
DCE-MRI
Advisor: Harris, A
The synthesis and reactivity of cationic terminal borylene complexes

This thesis describes the synthesis, structure/bonding studies and reactivity of cationic terminal borylene complexes. Reactions of the cationic terminal borylene complexes, [CpFe(CO)₂(BNR₂)]⁺[BArf₄]⁻ (R = Cy, ⁱPr) with heteroallenes have been investigated and shown to proceed by initial coordination of the substrate at the electrophilic boron centre. Reaction with isocyanate ultimately forms [CpFe(CO)₂(CNPh)]⁺[BArf₄]⁻ by a net metathesis process. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, however, reacts by insertion into the Fe=B bond of the aminoborylene to form [CpFe(CO)₂C(NCy)₂BNR₂]⁺[BArf₄]⁻. An excess of the substrate yields the spirocyclic complex, [CpFe(CO)₂C(NCy)₂B(NCy)₂BNR₂]⁺[BArf₄]⁻ via a second insertion into the B=N bond. Computational studies investigating insertion and metathesis reaction pathways of these aminoborylene complexes are also reported. Reactions of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with three-coordinate aminoborane and aminoboryl complexes are described. Formation of the first boron guanidinate complexes featuring dihalide substituents, Cy₂NC(NCy)₂BCl₂ and ⁱPr₂NC(NCy)₂BCl₂ by both salt metathesis and carbodiimide insertion routes are reported. The aminoboryl complexes, CpFe(CO)₂B(NPh₂)Cl and CpFe(CO)₂B(NBz₂)Cl have also been synthesized and their reactions with carbodiimides probed. A novel cationic terminal borylene complex, [Cp'Fe(CO)₂(BNⁱPr₂)]⁺ [BArf₄]⁻ featuring a methyl-substituted Cp ring is reported and represents the first structurally characterized isopropyl substituted aminoborylene complex. Substitution of the ancillary carbonyl ligands of cationic terminal borylene complexes has been investigated. Irradiation of the aminoboryl precursor complex, CpFe(CO)₂B(NCy₂)Cl in the presence of trialkylphosphines, PR₃ (PR₃ = PMe₃, PPh₃, P(OMe)₃) yield the mono(phosphine) complexes, CpFe(CO)(PR₃)B(NCy₂)Cl. The mono(substituted) dimer [{CpFe(CO)(BNCy₂)}₂(μ-dmpe)] was also formed from the reaction with the chelating ligand, dmpe. Replacement of the second carbonyl is prevented by the steric bulk of the dicyclohexylamino substituent, and instead [CpFe(CO)(PR₃)₂]⁺Cl⁻ is formed by extrusion of the borylene fragment. The mono(phosphine) ligated cationic terminal borylene complexes, [CpFe(CO)(PR₃)(BNCy₂)]⁺[BArf₄]⁻ were subsequently formed by halide abstraction. Both [CpFe(CO)(PMe₃)(BNCy)₂]⁺[BArf₄]⁻ and the bridging dication [{CpFe(CO)(BNCy₂)}₂(μ-dmpe)]₂⁺[BArf₄]⁻₂ were structurally authenticated. Replacing the bulky cyclohexyl groups of the aminoboryl precursor for methyl groups allowed synthesis of the bis(substituted) complexes, CpFe(PMe₃)₂B(NMe₂)Cl and CpFe(dmpe)B(NMe₂)Cl. Extraction of these complexes into dichloromethane resulted in formation of the borylene, [CpFe(PMe₃)₂(BNMe₂)]⁺Cl⁻ and [CpFe(dmpe)(BNMe₂)]⁺Cl⁻ by spontaneous halide ejection.

Keywords: Cationic
borylene
Advisor: Aldridge, S
Some problems on the renormalisation of non-polynomial lagrangias

A method of analytic renormalisation is developed (in PART I of the thesis) to define the three point time ordered product of massless fields of exponential type as a strictly localisable distribution in the Jaffe Class. The uniqueness property, known for the two point T-product, is verified for the three point T-product for a special choice of finite renormalisation. It is characterised by minimum singularity on the 'light cone' (the Lehraann-Pohlmeyer 'ansatz'); there are no delta function type singularities concentrated on the point x1 = x2 = x3.
A model of a massive neutral pseudovector field, Wandmu;, coupled to a non-conserved fermion current, jandmu; = andpsi;andgamma;andmu;andgamma;5andpsi;, is considered (in PART II of the thesis). The generalised Stuckelberg formalism is used to convert the above non-renormalisable coupling into a conventionally renormalisable interaction, and#x2112;1int = gandnbsp;: jandmu;Aandmu;andnbsp;:andnbsp;, together with a non-polynomial strictly localisable interaction of the form and#x2112;2int = andminus;m andpsi;andnbsp;: (exp[iandkappa;andgamma;5B] andminus; 1)andnbsp;: andpsi; which can be treated by the methods developed in PART I of this thesis; (Aandmu;, B) are the Stuckelberg components of the Wandmu; field, and the B is taken to be a massless pseudoscalar field giving, thus, rise to massless 'superpropagators'. The renormalisation of the model theory is effected with the help of generalised Ward-Takahashi identities by adding suitable gauge invariant counterterms in the original interaction Lagrangian to cancel out the infinities of the theory. Thus the complete theory becomes renormalisable.
Disenchanting philosophy

This thesis examines the appeal to ordinary language as a distinctive methodological feature in the later philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the work of J. L. Austin. This appeal situates our language and concepts within the broader forms of life in which we use them, and seeks to ‘disenchant’ idealizations that extract our language and concepts from this broader context. A disenchanted philosophy recognizes our forms of life as manifestations of attunement: a shared common ground of understanding and behaviour that cannot itself be further explained or justified. By working through the consequences of seeing our forms of life as ultimately ungrounded in this way, the thesis illuminates the underlying importance of play to shared practices like language.
The first two chapters consider the appeal to ordinary language as it features in the work of Austin and Wittgenstein, respectively. By placing each author in turn in dialogue with Jacques Derrida, the thesis draws out the importance of seeing our attunement as ungrounded, and the difficulty of doing so. Austin’s appeal to a ‘total context’ betrays the sort of idealization Austin himself opposes, whereas Wittgenstein and Derrida must remain self-reflexively vigilant in order to avoid the same pitfall.
Chapter Three explores connections between the appeal to ordinary language and Martin Heidegger’s analysis of ‘average everydayness’ in Being and Time. Heidegger takes average everydayness to be a mark of inauthenticity. However, in acknowledging the ungroundedness of attunement, the appeal to ordinary language manifests a turn similar to Heidegger’s appeal to authenticity. Furthermore, Wittgenstein’s use of conceptual ‘pictures’ also allows him to avoid some of the confusions in Heidegger’s work.
Chapter Four considers the nature of our ungrounded attunement, and argues that we both discover and create this attunement through play, which is unregulated activity that itself gives rise to regularity.

Keywords: play
attunement
Austin
Heidegger
ordinary language
Wittgenstein
Cavell
Derrida
Advisor: Mulhall, S
Methods for ultra-broadband correlator development focusing on high-speed digital sampling techniques

In radio astronomy, a key limiting factor to observations made is the available bandwidth of the system. This thesis looks at two different approaches to building ultra-broadband correlators for use in radio astronomy. The first was a 2-20GHz double-sideband complex analogue correlator that was constructed before the work of this thesis. Characterisation tests are performed and a basic calibration is attempted. Both these sets of experiments show good results, with the basic calibration successfully being able to compensate for gain difference between the lags over a reduced bandwidth range used in the testing.
The second approach was the investigation into different techniques for high-speed digital sampling, capable of providing equivalent bandwidths to the analogue system. The use of FPGA high-speed serial interfaces as direct 1-bit 3.125 GS/s samplers was investigated. Single-frequency sampling showed that a signal-to-noise ratio close to the theoretical maximum across the band was achieved (≈ 0.8 effective bits). Techniques were also identified to use multiple transceivers to generate a single interleaved stream at higher effective sampling rate. Two different methods were also explored for producing greater-than 1-bit sampling. A hysteresis approach was shown not to produce the desired results and a reference based sampler in the end was adopted. Finally, the interleaving and multi-bit techniques were combined to generate a single 1.5-bit 6.25 GS/s sampler. This was seen to have reduced signal-to-noise compared to the expected values. This was believed to be caused by the poor method of RF signal injection causing cross-talk between the channels and large amounts of loss.
As a comparison to the direct sampling method, an external 1-bit high-speed Hittite comparator was also examined. The single-frequency experiment was repeated with a slightly higher signal-to-noise ratio found compared to the direct sampling method. This was again believed to be due to the RF environments used.
From the sampling setups a four-input, six-baseline lag correlator was constructed using the direct sampling method. The entire correlator, as well as the sampling transceivers, was incorporated into a single Xilinx Virtex 5 FPGA. This was shown to have the expected response to single-frequency, broadband and noise signals.
The thesis concludes with a characterisation of the RF devices used throughout the testing procedures. Several new devices were developed through the course of the experiments with the designs being documented. All the necessary components to construct IF chains for both the analogue and digital correlators described are present. This leads to simulations being made of complete IF chains, with the expected responses shown.

Keywords: radio astronomy
digital sampling
correlator
Advisor: Taylor, A
Social transformation among Sahrāwī desert nomads: the hidden logic of Ḥassānīya socio-geographical networks

Scholarship on the Western Sahara conflict has long puzzled over an ‘extraordinary leap’ of Sahrāwī tribes to the status of refugees and citizens of an exiled nation-state. It has glossed over this process as a modernising and civilising act of detribalisation, applauded women’s recent political appearance within a sovereignty-solidarity discourse, yet simultaneously used an insecurity discourse to measure Sahrāwī ‘performance’ hypercritically from inside the nascent state’s corridors.
This ethnographic study observes Sahrāwī political action differently, by looking out from inside the tent and through the eyes of women.The thesis re-examines Sahrāwī tribe to state transition using a new framework of women’s tents and circulating, veiled males. Drawing on two years of anthropological fieldwork, the significance of the tent emerges as the decision-making centre for both men and women whereby the domestic is the political. I argue that women must be analytically recognised as political architects, utilising and presiding over tents as a female political economy of affection that casts a centralised political constellation across the Sahara. Not only do these fresh insights of Sahrāwī strategic tribe-state symbiosis and tactical nomadic sedentarisation overturn received anthropological wisdom on the stele of ‘tribe’, but it is women and their tents that can offer explanations for the ‘leap’ from genealogical reckoning to nationalist consciousness.
This study presents comparative ethnography to engage critically with anthropology’s ‘great debates’ and popularised tropes regarding veiling, patriarchy, gendered space and power, and ‘tribal’ society. A different analytical light is cast on the gendered use of the exoticised Middle Eastern ḥarīm and of new hybrid forms of human socio-political reorganisation that challenge Western default notions of nation and state to suggest the need to rethink ‘tribe’.

Advisor: Parkin, R
Imaging of BL Lac objects

The investigation of the host galaxies of BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) is a promising new field made practical in recent years by advances in detector technology and improved telescope siting. By better understanding the nature of these host galaxies we can test the standard beaming and lensing models for BL Lacs.
This thesis describes the techniques that we have developed for studying the host galaxies of BL Lac objects, and presents the results of a survey of BL Lac host galaxies that we have undertaken with the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope. This survey successfully resolved many new host galaxies, determined the morphology of three BL Lac host galaxies for the first time, and confirmed the morphology of an additional three objects. One BL Lac object, PKS1413+135, displayed a number of surprising properties, and was consequently studied in greater detail at multiple wavelengths. These observations are also presented in this thesis. We conclude with a description of Monte-Carlo simulations that we have undertaken in order to better determine the uncertainty in the results from our survey, and to assess the promise of future telescope/instrumentation combinations for host galaxy imaging.

Advisor: McHardy, I
A study of Samuel Beckett's plays in English with special reference to their development through drafts and to structural patterning

This thesis is a study of Beckett's later plays (those written in English as a first language) beginning with All That Fall.
There are three main areas of investigation. Part One considers the importance of structure in Beckett's writing and the extreme precision with which his plays are patterned. The circular movement found in most of the plays is seen to reflect Beckett's constant theme of the human life cycle, in a precise fusion of content with form.
Part Two, the bulk of the study, considers the evolution of the plays through their various drafts. The exploration of a large body of draft material affords some insight into Beckett's characteristic approach to his writing, his working method and the craftsmanship with which the plays are shaped, both structurally and linguistically. A tendency for ambiguity to develop and increase as the drafts progress is discovered in the plays.
Part Three considers the plays in performance and discusses the various aspects of Beckett's dramatic technique in the writing, acting and direction of the plays. The innovatory quality of Beckett's dramatic ideas is observed in his work for the different media of stage, radio, cinema and television.
The discussion thus seeks to increase our understanding of Beckett's plays in English by studying not only the structures ultimately arrived at, but the process of gestation also and finally by observing their efficacy in production.
Three-dimensional design methods for turbomachinery applications

This thesis studies the application of sensitivity analysis and optimization methods to the design of turbomachinery components. Basic design issues and a survey of current design trends are presented. The redesign of outlet guide vanes (OGV's) in an aircraft high bypass turbofan engine is attempted. The redesign is necessitated by the interaction of the pylon induced static pressure field with the OGV's and the fan, leading to reduced OGV efficiency and shortened fan life. The concept of cyclically varying camber is used to redesign the OGV row to achieve suppression of the downstream disturbance in the domain upstream of the OGV row. The redesign is performed using (a) a linear perturbation CFD analysis and (b) a minimisation of the pressure mismatch integral by using a Newton method. In method (a) the sensitivity of the upstream flow field to changes in blade geometry is acquired from the linear perturbation CFD analysis, while in method (b) it is calculated by perturbing the blade geometry and differencing the resulting flow fields. Method (a) leads to a reduction in the pylon induced pressure variation at the fan by more than 70% while method (b) achieves up to 86%. An OGV row with only 3 different blade shapes is designed using the above method and is found to suppress the pressure perturbation by more than 73%. Results from these calculations are presented and discussed. The quasi-Newton design method is also used to redesign a three dimensional OGV row and achieves considerable reduction of upstream pressure variation. A concluding discussion summarises the experiences and suggests possible avenues for further work.
Making, remembering and forgetting the Late Antique Caucasus

The present thesis examines probably the ultimate focal point in the history of the Christian South Caucasian Cultures – the Caucasian Schism that occurred in the early seventh century – a major scandal that ended the ecclesiastical communion between the Georgian and Armenian Churches and gave impetus to the rise of the so-called national Churches. The schism became the central point of reference in both medieval and modern Caucasian historiographies. Modern scholarship has advanced different claims concerning the nature, reasons and results of the Schism, in many cases arguing that almost all aspects of the respective cultures have been affected by the Schism. As for medieval Armenian historical narratives, they made a good conceptual use of the schism, presenting the schism as a major interpretive schema for the explanation of all aspects of their relations with their northern neighbours.
Contrary to such view, I argue that our knowledge of the reasons behind the schism and theological controversies that preceded, accompanied or followed the Schism in the sixth century is in most cases determined by the conceptual framework created in the Middle Ages together with the changes in political state of affairs in the Caucasus. In the period between the tenth to thirteenth centuries, when all major South Caucasian powers were struggling for the unification of the Caucasus under their aegis, the remembrance of the schism became particularly important. The remembrance and indeed forgetting of the Caucasian unity and separation became a rhetorical tool in medieval Armeno-Georgian debates. Therefore instead of taking the Schism at face value, I propose to abandon the traditional liminalist perception of the history of unity and separation in the Caucasus, and adopt a more rewarding approach, that is to say to try to understand when, why and by whom were the crucial events of the Late Antique Caucasian history conceptualized and adapted for contemporary ideological needs.

Keywords: historiography
polemic
Late Antiquity
rhetoric
Chalcedonian
Caucasus
non-Chalcedonian
Armenia
Schism
Iberia
hagiography
Georgia
Christology
memory
Advisor: van Lint, TM