VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The Franciscans in Paris, 1560-1600

This thesis is a social, political, intellectual and religious study of the Paris Observant Franciscans during the latter half of the sixteenth century in France. Living as they were in the largest city in France, the friars were frequent witnesses, and even participants, in many of the most important events and developments of the religious wars. The friary was also an active participant in the urban community. Its members worked among the sick and poor, administered the sacraments, and preached in the parish churches in and around Paris. As a large and wealthy community, the friary was a recognizable presence in the economic life of the city as a consumer, employer and even as a landlord. It was also a highly respected intellectual centre, housing a prestigious theological school which was closely affiliated with the University of Paris. The spirituality, wealth and intellectual stature of the Paris friary made it an important urban institution--one which regularly interacted with the other judicial, administrative and ecclesiastic institutions in the city and enjoyed the patronage of many of its most influential residents. How this community understood its spiritual as well as social and political roles, and how the wars affected the Franciscan community's conception and performance of these roles, are consequently two important facets of this study. It is clear, for example, that the missionary mandate of the Franciscan order continued to characterize the behaviour of the Paris community throughout the late sixteenth century. Rather than the Holy Land or the New World, however, these friars were preoccupied with the salvation of their own country. During the many years of civil conflict, members of the community wrote, spoke and fought against the spread of Protestantism in France, and the friary administration continued to emphasize its role as a producer of fine theologians and preachers even when the wars threatened to disrupt the training of its students. The effectiveness of the friars as agents of religious rejuvenation resulted from their adaptability to the changing religious character of France on the one hand, and their particular brand of spirituality on the other. They were skillful at modifying their proselytizing methods in order to appeal to different social sectors and, during the civil wars, these clerics adopted linguistic and stylistic methods associated with humanism in order to counteract the advances of the new religion. The Christocentric emphasis of Franciscan piety and its encouragement of lay spirituality similarly ensured the friars an enthusiastic response in French society.
Information repository design for software evolution

This thesis proposes a repository-based toolset integration architecture of information repository for software evolution. It is based on the Telos repository and MBus communication protocol, which has been used in the Namima project to support program understanding, design capturing, and process management activities. The architecture is enhanced by the design of a generic schema for software configuration management (SCM) and change management that is in parallel to the integration strategy used by the Namima project. The semantics of version control and configuration management is supported in the repository through rules and attribute relations. The basic SCM functions can be implemented as transparent services to other tools. Version integration with other toolsets and models is achieved. CausalLink and VerifyLink is defined to represent automatic and manual change propagation. Formal semantics of reasoning propagation links is defined and used in change impact analysis. This design is independent of models and programming languages.
Portuguese migration to Rio de Janeiro, 1822-1850

Contrary to what has been indicated by previous sources, Portuguese migration to Rio de Janeiro from 1822 to 1850 was a significant aspect of the city's history. During the first half of the nineteenth century, many Portuguese fled the difficult economic and social conditions in Portugal for better economic opportunities in post-independence Brazil, which was experiencing a boom that was fuelled by such commodities as coffee. The capital of the Empire, Rio de Janeiro was the most affected by this prosperity. In particular, its retail commercial sector attracted many immigrants from France, England, Spain, Italy, Germany, and most especially from Portugal. A majority of Rio's migrants worked in the retail and wholesale sectors. The arrival of Portuguese migrants was facilitated by the fact that they were mostly well received by the Brazilian government and elite, who wanted to create a "white" nation, while still continuing to import thousands of Africans every year. Portuguese immigrants served these ends, as they were arriving in large numbers and did so over a long period of time, virtually without any state sponsorship. Yet, the Portuguese sometimes faced hostility and aggression from the population at large, as a consequence of the nationalism which arose from Brazilian independence, and the fact that they were regarded as competition for jobs. Brazilians also blamed the many Portuguese shop-owners for the high cost of living in Rio. Yet, despite the presence of this hostility, most Portuguese immigrants in Rio de Janeiro, adapted well to their new environment. They married or developed relationships with local people, bought properties in Brazil, and most did not return to Portugal.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction by plasmid DNA immunization, mechanism and applications

Plasmid DNA vaccines represent a powerful new method of expressing antigen ' in vivo' for the generation of both humoral and cellular responses. Since its first discovery in 1992, DNA immunization has proven efficacious in a number of pre-clinical disease models. A DNA immunogen consists of a bacterial plasmid encoding the antigen of interest and can either be needle-injected into skeletal muscle, or may be coated onto gold particles and inoculated into skin epidermis using a biolistic device known as a "gene gun". The precise mechanism underlying the remarkable ability of DNA to induce immune responses remains largely unknown. A particular advantage of DNA vaccines is that they provide an infection-independent means of inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Because CTL responses can play an important role in anti-viral and anti-tumor defenses, options for enhancing plasmid DNA-induced CTL responses were investigated. Co-expression of the costimulatory molecule B7-2, but not B7-1, was found to enhance CTL induction. As well, co-administration of a plasmid expressing the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-12 had a synergistic effect on CTL stimulation. To understand the mechanism underlying this vaccination strategy, the cell types responsible for CTL priming were assessed in bone marrow chimeric mice. This study unequivocally demonstrated that bone marrow derived cells, not transfected muscle cells or skin keratinocytes, were responsible for presenting antigen to naive CTL. Furthermore, an assessment of the importance of the DNA injection sites revealed that gene gun inoculated skin cells, but not needle-injected muscle cells, play a central role in DNA-induced immune responses. Based on these studies, possible models of immune induction by DNA immunization are discussed. Finally, the use of DNA vaccines to block 'in vivo' tumor growth was explored using a minimally antigenic CTL epitope as a surrogate tumor antigen. Epitope-specific CTL induced by DNA immunization protected immune mice from challenge with tumor cells expressing the epitope. Moreover, these mice subsequently developed protective immune responses against endogenous tumor antigens, and were able to resist challenge with parental tumor cells. Thus, DNA immunization strategies designed to induce CTL responses hold considerable promise for both the prevention and treatment of disease.
A gene complementation strategy in cloning an oxidative stress response gene of Campylobacter jejuni

In order to clone oxidative stress response gene of Campylobacter jejuni TGH9011, an endonuclease IV (nfo) mutant strain of Escherichia coli AB1157, RPC500 that has increased sensitivity to tert.-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was transformed with a pBR322 genomic DNA library of C. jejuni TGH9011. A pBR322 recombinant clone, pBRC1 that contains a 4.1 kb fragment of the C. jejuni genome was shown to confer increased resistance for RPC500 against TBHP. The 4.1-kb fragment has been completely sequenced and contains five complete open reading frames (ORFs) and two partial ORFs. Using deletion mutant analysis I was able to identify a 600-bp ORF, that is responsible for the resistance to TBHP, designated ORF3. ORF3 shows homology to a thioredoxin-like protein of Drosophilla melanogaster. The transcription start-site of ORF3 (trxC) was identified. Fur-Box-like sequences were identified at the ribosome-binding-site (rbs), within the coding region and downstream of the gene. A catabolite activator protein (CAP)- like-binding sequences are present at the promoter region and at the rbs. Two OxyR-like- binding sequences are present upstream of trxC gene. The trxC gene has been mapped to the SalI-A, SacII-A and SmaI-A fragment on the physical genomic map of C. jejuni TGH9011. Southern blot hybridization analysis identified a trxC homolog in C. lari and C. coli, and also if low stringency conditions were used, in C. upsaliensis. trxC an oxidative stress response gene of C. jejuni, may be regulated by CAP, Fur and also might be part of the OxyR regulon. The presence of a trxC homolog in three other campylobacters suggest it may be an important gene.
A philosophical conundrum, the teaching of philosophy in Ontario's secondary schools

In 1994 philosophy was formally approved as an Ontario Academic Credit (OAC) for secondary school seniors. This thesis examines two sharply contrasting conceptions of, and methodologies for, teaching philosophy in high schools, namely Matthew Lipman's "Philosophy for Children" program and the recent Ontario curriculum. The context of the inquiry is the philosophical assumption that one of the most important general goals of education is to develop habits of mind and thinking skills appropriate to becoming autonomous human beings (or persons). After an extensive discussion of the concepts of a person, autonomy, indoctrination and education, it is argued that the study of philosophy is specifically well suited to enhance the achievement of this goal. Despite the highly significant merits of each program examined, both are also shown to have noteworthy design deficiencies that some rethinking of each in the light of the other might help rectify.
The role of affect in evaluations according to Bernard Lonergan, ramifications for the euthanasia debate

My focal philosophical interest is to explore how one makes an evaluation and, in particular, the role Bernard Lonergan thinks affect plays in evaluating. This question raises a series of fundamental philosophical problems, such as these: 'Are feelings cognitively relevant to knowing values, and if so, which feelings and how precisely do they function? 'How is knowing values different from knowing facts and from deciding?' 'Is my value knowledge evermore than just subjective?' I answer these questions by way of an exposition of Lonergan's view that certain feelings play a crucial cognitive role in evaluations. I focus on his claim that 'values are apprehended in feelings.' The feelings in question are intentional responses to values. By means of such responses, one affectively grasps some prospective value. This affective response is a key part of the cognitional basis for making an evaluation. The data for this account are one's own evaluations, which I bring to light using medical examples. Accepting that affect plays a role in evaluations does not commit one to the further view that all evaluations are just subjective. On this issue I focus on Lonergan's contention that 'epistemic objectivity' is the fruit of 'authentic subjectivity'. This authenticity emerges in the integration of categorial affects and the affect that characterizes one's intending of transcendental value. Lonergan's account has several important ramifications for ethics, which I illustrate by means of the euthanasia debate. By contrasting the positions of disputants, two important discoveries come to fight: disputants consider feelings to be cognitively relevant to evaluations; and they differ precisely on the purported role of feelings in evaluations. Proponents of euthanasia consider evaluations to be just subjective, a position Lonergan rejects. I also suggest the need for greater attention to concrete stories. I conclude by proposing a comprehensive research program on euthanasia.
Concepts of love and some implications for education

In response to the question, "What is Love," I examined selected concepts of love in the Western tradition with the purpose of promoting a better understanding of love. While my primary source was the history of ideas, my approach was pluralistic in the sense that I referred to arguments and insights of a number of disciplines, among them philosophy, religion and science. The findings indicate that Western concepts of love present a wide spectrum of ideas which are supported by values and beliefs of time and place and respond to a variety of human needs and desires. I introduced a different concept of love, which I named "holistic love." Finally, I encouraged educators to teach concepts of love either as a part of other disciplines: science, medicine and philosophy, for example, as well as in courses on literature, visual art, music and others, or as a separate program. From the perspectives of humanistic adult education and values education I offered practical suggestions as to how such a program might be approached.
A response to five critiques of Aquinas's doctrine of passion

In five articles directly critical of Aquinas's views concerning the nature of passion or emotion, it is argued that his account is flawed in its lack of emphasis upon the evaluative and rational aspects of passion in favour of its physiological and appetitive qualities. Aquinas's account is characterized by his critics as one which is rooted in and remains mostly at the bodily and the instinctual level, where the passions are little more than natural impulses and accompanying bodily processes set into motion by sensation, movements which are largely distinct from rational judgement or assessment. It would be more in keeping with the apparent rational nature of the passions to stress their evaluative and rational aspects over their physiological and appetitive ones, that is, to describe the nature of passion primarily and essentially in attitudinal or volitional terms, rather than those of "movement" and "appetite". I argue that these five critiques do not wholly represent Aquinas's thought on the matter. While there is an important bodily, instinctual and impulsive aspect to the passions, these do not exhaustively define what they are for him. Aquinas holds that cognitive, evaluative and rational aspects are equally essential to passion's evocation, continuance and termination. And since there is something of the physiological, the instinctual, and the evaluative in every passion, its essential description requires reference to each of these, if it is to be accurate and complete. In this respect, then, Aquinas's definition of passion is to be understood within the context of the unity, end and perfection of the sensitive being itself. The passional life thus extends beyond its occurrence in the sensitive appetite to include the person's natural and intellectual aspects, both as these are involved in the movements of the sensitive appetite, and as the notion of passion is itself extended to denote phenomena proper to each, phenomena which have their own characteristics which can supplement the experiences of the sensitive appetite. In the transposition of these psychological occurrences into the moral domain, Aquinas's doctrine is shown not only to be more robust than his critics allow, but also to answer effectively their various criticisms.
Image analysis methods for paper formation evaluation

This thesis discusses the image analysis methods for global paper formation evaluation and fracture occurrence analysis. Two methods, the local gradient method based on a planar stochastic structure and the co-occurrence matrix method based on the dependence texture analysis, were studied for the first problem. The results showed that they gave reasonable evaluations of paper formation. Some improvements on time efficiency and algorithm were made to them. For the second problem, a frame work was set up to predict the break stress field based on grammage, local fiber orientation estimated by a two dimensional power spectrum of the mass distribution, and local relative bonded area estimated by a newly proposed method based on the Kubelka-Munk theory. The results indicated a multivariable correlation between the break stress and the structural properties.
Maternal socialization of toddler distress as a function of marital quality and dyadic versus triadic interactions

This study attempts to investigate the relationship among marital satisfaction, parenting and socialization of emotion. Maternal socialization of toddlers' negative emotion was observed as a function of marital quality and dyadic versus triadic interactions. Toddlers were observed with their parents interacting around a frustration eliciting task. The dyadic and triadic interactions were counterbalanced for order and videotaped. An independent rater coded maternal socialization responses as instances of goal talk, reason/structure, redirect attention and rated mothers on goal alignment. Marital quality and dyad/triad were found to be related to the amount of reasoning and structure provided to the toddlers. Results indicated overall that the relationship context made a difference not only to what the toddlers received, but to the amount of distress that they exhibited.
Body and text in Apuleius's The golden ass and Richardson's Pamela

This thesis looks at two works which, though widely separated in time and space, share a fascination with the complex inter-relationships which can exist between body and text. 'The Golden Ass' and ' Pamela' both have protagonists with striking bodies. Lucius suffers because he is imprisoned in a grotesque ass-body which subjects him to a series of misadventures. Pamela suffers because she is trapped in a seductive body which subjects her to her master's unsavoury designs. In both works, the protagonist is intimately associated with text, and eventually finds happiness by resorting to a substitution of literary 'corpus' for physical body. Composed of two chapters on 'The Golden Ass', one on Pamela and one on 'Pamela', Part II, this study does not systematically follow any one critical school, but draws upon the insights of Barthes, Derrida, Genette, Foucault, and psychoanalytic theory in general. The first chapter examines the way the metamorphosis turns Lucius's body into a kind of text, and looks at the formal similarities between Lucius's textual and physical bodies. The second chapter explores Lucius's decision, when faced with a life-threatening prostitution of his asinine body, to offer up his textual body to the public instead. The third chapter shows that a similar sleight-of-hand replaces carnal knowledge with textual knowledge in Pamela: Mr. B. "knows" Pamela by textually raping her. The chapter on 'Pamela''s sequel explores the fact that the natural consequence of this textual rape is textual insemination. Both 'The Golden Ass' and 'Pamela' revolve around metaphors suggestive of the physicality of text. The former envisages the text as a 'corpus' which, like the human body, can be an object of desire and a source of pleasure. The latter focusses on the word ' textus', which suggests that the text is as concrete and tangible as a piece of fabric enclosing the body. These metaphors confirm the inextricable linking of body and text in these two works.
Quality of life of children with cancer, analysis of a concept and a measure

Research on Quality of Life (QOL) for children with cancer is expanding. However, there is lack of clarity around the conceptualization and operationalization of the concept. Based on the conceptual and methodological inadequacies found in the literature, this study was undertaken to critically, examine the concept of QOL of children with cancer and corroborate the defining attributes of QOL with an instrument that assesses QOL in children with cancer. Walker and Avant's (1995) approach to concept analysis was used to determine the defining attributes of QOL of children with cancer. The defining attributes were then compared to the items from the Pediatric Oncology Quality of Life Scale (Goodwin, Boggs, & Graham-Pole, 1994) and empirical findings from parents of children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (n = 25). Finally, QOL for children with cancer was defined as the child's perception of the extent to which he/she has the ability to function physically, emotionally and socially within his/her environment.
The hunger for professional learning in Nunavut schools

This dissertation addresses issues related to ethically based professional education in the school system in Nunavut. Nunavut is the new territory to be created in the Eastern Arctic on April 1, 1999 concluding the negotiation of aboriginal self-government for the Inuit who comprise an 85% majority in that part of Canada. Exploring the emergence of an educator-directed model of teacher development, the dissertation argues that ethically based professional practice within Nunavut requires that southern models are carefully scrutinized and evaluated as potentially violent intrusions and contributors to the exponential and endemic cultural and linguistic erosion that is part of a colonial legacy. Professional learning is viewed as one of the most powerful catalysts in the pursuit of freedom and the retrieval and maintenance of identity, language, and culture. It is also seen as a potential key to addressing issues of difference, identity, and freedom within the school system. The theoretical framework suggested in the dissertation combines Inuit values with Foucauldian ethics to propose a philosophical framework based on care of self within a community of educators. The self, in Foucault's sense, is viewed as politically located in an intellectually and spiritually dangerous world. This is supported within an Inuit perspective by a commitment to community that is directly linked to survival in a traditional culture. Foucauldian ethics warn us that political controls and prevailing moral codes act as controlling influences within our lives. Self-knowledge enables us to understand these forces and make ethical choices on a daffy basis in order to maximize our freedom. Freedom is a critically important concept within the struggle to establish self-government and educator-directed professional education in Nunavut. Rather than learning within hegemonic models of staff development or teacher education that involves a response to prevailing ideological trends, Foucault's theories position a critically aware subject who engages in a constant surveillance of self and society in order to be free. Maxine Greene's concept of the Dance of Life is used as an example of critique which is situated in a much more holistic and communal context. This is particularly important within the cross-cultural world of Nunavut where colonial history contributes to major social discord and identity struggles for both Inuit and non-aboriginal educators.