VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Manliness and militarism, educating young men for war in the province of Ontario, 1867-1914

Almost half the men who volunteered to serve in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War came from the Province of Ontario. This dissertation attempts to analyze the forces that were at work in Ontario in the years preceding 1914 that combined to generate such a response. The forces of nationalism and patriotism contributed to this enthusiasm, but two other ideas had an overwhelming and undeniable effect on the male youth of Ontario. These were manliness and militarism. Becoming a rugged, proud and successful man was, for many young boys, the ultimate achievement. The constant inculcation of the core ideas behind manliness served to instill, within young boys, the proper direction for their coming of age. Manly role models--from Theodore Roosevelt to Ned Hanlan to Robert Baden-Powell--were well-known to all boys from a very young age. Canada was not alone in being "swept up into the vortex of militarism". Many western nations were also impacted by the translation of military values into everyday concerns. From specific ways of teaching, to an emphasis on "being prepared", to drill in the schools, overt and subliminal aspects of military culture spread to all levels of society. Sports as a surrogate for war an idea that was particularly pronounced in Ontario--was utilized to the fullest degree possible. The introduction of this work attempts to lay the foundation for the ideas behind the study. In the first chapter, the various social, political and cultural ideas that were most prominent and influential to the generations growing up before the Great War are examined. The focus here is to suggest that the forces bombarding the youth of Ontario left very few untouched. Perhaps no other source of manliness and militarism had such a potent effect as the stories that boys read while growing up. Chapter two takes an in-depth look at the reading habits of boys during the period. In the third chapter, the political posture of the school is dissected. The final chapter looks at the culture of boyhood, which includes youth groups, play and sport.
A study of the IgM interaction with complement using mouse IgM/IgG2b domain-switched hybrids

The IgM and IgG classes of immunoglobulins share an important biological function that is distinct from that of other classes. When bound to antigen, both can initiate the classical complement pathway by interacting with C1q, a subunit of the first component of complement (C1). To study the C1q binding properties of IgM in a form comparable to that of IgG, a 'monomeric' form of mouse IgM was prepared and its function was compared to that of a mouse IgG with the same antigen binding site. Monomeric IgM was isolated from a mutant (IgM P544G). The monomeric form of this mutant was not able to bind C1q or initiate complement-mediated lysis (CML) on haptenated SRBC. Under the same conditions, the positive control (IgG2b) bound C1q and initiated CML in a dose-dependent manner. Polymeric IgM isolated from this mutant was able to bind C1q and initiate CML as well as wildtype IgM. To understand monomeric IgM inactivity, mouse IgM/IgG2b hybrid mutants were created and analyzed for their C1q binding properties. Cã2, the intrinsically active C1q binding domain of IgG2b, did not bind C1q or initiate CML when placed in the monomeric IgM background ([mu][mu]ã[mu]). This suggests that the activity of an intrinsically active C1q binding domain is hidden by one or both of the neighbouring C[mu]2 and C[mu]4 domains. C[mu]3, the putative C1q binding domain of IgM, remained inactive when it was placed in the non-inhibitory IgG2b background (ãã[mu]ã), demonstrating that a pre-formed C1q binding site is not found in the C[mu]3 domain. Collectively, the results suggest that if the C[mu]3 contains the entire C1q binding site for IgM, the site is unformed and hidden. To determine if one or both of the C[mu]2 and CU[mu]4 domains are responsible for the inactivity of the [mu][mu]ã[mu] hybrid monomer two hybrids ([mu]ãã[mu] and [mu][mu]ãã) were created in which these domains were individually replaced by their corresponding IgG2b domains (ã-hinge and Cã3). The results show that C[mu]4 interferes with the interaction between C1 and the Cã2 domain whereas C[mu]2 interferes with the subsequent activation of C1. C[mu]2 and C[mu]4 may therefore have similar inhibitory effects on the C[mu]3 domain in the IgM monomer. The transplantation of C[mu]3 together with C[mu]4 into the IgG background permitted polymer formation. This polymer was able to bind C1q, although both the monomer and the polymer forms were not able to initiate CML; conversely, all IgM polymers with a transplanted Cã2 domain were active in both C1q binding and CML and demonstrated apparent Kd values for C1q (1-2 * 10-9 M) that were similar to that of wild-type IgM. The findings reported in this thesis are discussed in relation to the activity of the IgM polymer and are consistent with the view that the 'star' to 'staple' conformational change resulting when IgM binds to antigen is necessary for the expression of the C1q binding site. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
The development of therapists' clinical orientations

The purpose of this study was to examine factors that are involved in psychotherapists' own account of selecting and changing a theoretical orientation and in their professional development. Based on the results of previous studies, a Development of Orientation Questionnaire (DOQ) was developed. The DOQ and Coan's (1979) Theoretical Orientation Survey (TOS) were administered to 77 psychologists and 76 psychology students. The DOQ asked therapists to indicate how influential various variables were in their selection of their current orientation and, for those who have changed their orientation, their previous one. The TOS was used to measure the participants' objective and subjective belief systems. Various research questions and hypotheses were examined. The research data were analyzed primarily using multivariate, univariate and post hoc comparisons, as well as Pearson correlations. The results indicated the following: (1) Therapists with a subjective belief system (low TOS scores) selected subjective orientations, such as existential and psychodynamic, while therapists with an objective belief system (high TOS scores) selected objective orientation, such as cognitive-behavioural and behavioural. This finding supported previous research. (2) Therapists with a subjective belief system and subjective orientations rated "Internal-Personal" variables, such as their personality and values, as more influential on their selection of orientation than "External-Professional" variables, such as research results and exposure. The opposite was true for therapists with an objective belief system and objective orientations. Therapists with a subjective belief system also reported a higher level of fit with their orientation than therapists with an objective belief system. (3) Therapists who changed their orientation rated "Internal-Personal" variables, as well as the professionally-related variables "professional-clinical experiences" and "type of clients," as more influential on their selection of current orientation than their previous one. They also reported that they had experienced a higher degree of fit with their current orientation than with their previous one. Further, their responses indicated that a lack of fit with their previous orientation was a primary contributing factor to changing that orientation. (4) Experienced therapists reported feeling more effective and more satisfied with their orientation than novice therapists. They also reported being less open to using methods of other orientations than novice therapists. Similarly, fit with one's orientation was positively correlated with feeling effective and satisfied, and negatively correlated with being open to using methods of other orientations. The results of the study were discussed in relation to previous research in the area. In addition, the implications that the study has for therapists training and role of orientation were discussed. The limitations of the current study, particularly in relation to being based on self and retrospective reports, as well as suggestions for future research, were made.
Scheduling engines for ATM switches

Broadband integrated services networks should support a wide range of services with different quality of service requirements. Guaranteed quality of service is a major goal of ATM networks as the prime candidate for broadband networks. Queue scheduling in ATM switches plays a fundamental role in providing the quality of service for connections. Several scheduling algorithms have been proposed for ATM switches, but until recently only a few of these schemes have been adapted for implementation in the switches, mostly because of hardware complexity and difficulty of incorporating the scheduling with switching. This dissertation is on the design of flexible hardware engines for implementation of scheduling schemes in ATM switches. We first introduce and describe a generalized sequencer which is capable of sorting ATM cells into a queue according to a tag attached to each cell. The logic of sorting can be designed flexibly to achieve any logical arrangement of the cells. We show that by appropriate design of the sorting logic and the tag of cells, a wide range of scheduling algorithms can be implemented. A programmable scheduler can also be designed using the generalized sequencer architecture. Next we introduce a new approach to ATM switching by presenting the single-queue switch architecture. In this architecture we use the capabilities of the generalized sequencer architecture to build a switch out of the sequencer by interleaving the (logical) output queues of the switch into a single sequencer. In this way the difficult task of combining output queueing and full buffer sharing is achieved easily. Queue scheduling in each logical output queue can be done similar to the sequencer. A bank of sequencers, or in its compact form a single-queue switch can be used as the queue controller in RAM-based shared-memory switch to benefit from the advantages of both the RAM-based architecture and sequencer or single-queue circuit. In both cases multicasting can also be incorporated. We introduce a multicasting version of the single-queue switch with a novel copy mechanism which requires no extra buffering space for copied cells, and can provide priority control between multicast cells as well as between multicast cells and the head-of-line cell in contending unicast queues. Next we introduce a version of the single-queue switch which in conjunction with a low-speed RAM, both operating in line speed, can provide separate (logical) output queues for each output line at each input of the switch to eliminate the HoL blocking problem which is the major drawback of input-buffered ATM switches. The switch provides scheduling within each queue as before. Finally, we present the design of a generic packet switch which can handle variable-length packets based on different networking protocols including IP and ATM. In this design we use the generalized sequencer and the single-queue switch circuits to schedule variable-length packets.
Small area variation in hospitalization for childhood asthma

Small area variation (SAV) in readmission risk (RR) for preschool children with asthma may be a potential marker for regional variation in quality of medical care (QC). SAV in index admission rates (IAR) and proportional hazards RR ratios for 48 Ontario regions were calculated and compared using an index cohort of all preschool children with first admissions for asthma during 1990-92. The IARs varied from 3.79 to 23.2 per 1000 ($\chi\sp2$ = 507, P $<$ 0.0001), and the RR ratios from 0.605 to 1.51 ($-$2LogL = 148, P $<$ 0.0001). IAR variation was greater than the RR variation, and small area IARs and RRs did not correlate with each other (r = 0.136, p = 0.3568). The highest RRs were observed across mid and northern Ontario, while the lowest RRs were in and around the greater Toronto-Hamilton area. Therefore, different causes may underlie SAV in IAR and RR. Research is needed to explain these differences, and establish whether a relationship exists between area RRs and QC.
Regulation of fibronectin and transforming growth factor-ß expression in ductus arteriosus

Intimal cushion formation in the fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) is characterized by subendothelial accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. Elevated endothelial cell (EC) hyaluronan and SMC fibronectin (FN) synthesis in DA versus aortic (Ao) SMC modulate the elongated 'migratory' phenotype of DA SMC. Increased DA EC hyaluronan synthesis is transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß)-dependent, and increased DA SMC FN synthesis is attributed to enhanced mRNA translation. This thesis addressed whether TGF-ß1 expression was increased in DA versus Ao EC and whether the level of regulation was transcriptional or post-transcriptional. It then focused on the molecular mechanism regulating enhanced FN mRNA translation in DA SMC. We demonstrated a one-fold greater synthesis of TGF-ß protein in cultured DA compared to Ao EC accompanied by increased EC TGF-ß expression in 100-day gestation (term = 145 days) DA versus Ao tissues. By 138-day gestation, TGF-ß protein synthesis and mRNA levels were reduced in DA EC to that observed in Ao EC. The increased TGF-ß expression in 100-day DA EC was related to enhanced transcription and translation of a relatively unstable TGF-ß mRNA. We then showed that an AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3 'UTR, promotes mRNA translation in both DA and Ao SMC, with the effect augmented in DA SMC. Gel shift assay revealed ARE-binding activities in both DA and Ao SMC cytoplasmic extracts, with increased activities found in DA SMC. Ultraviolet-crosslinking assay indicated three binding complexes of Mr at ~15, 30, and 60 kD, respectively. The 15 kD ARE-binding protein was purified from sheep Ao tissues and identified as light chain 3 (LC3) of microtubule (MT)-associated protein 1 (MAP1). Overexpression of LC3 in Ao SMC results in an enhanced FN mRNA translation. Polysome profile analysis showed more FN mRNA and LC3 protein, associated with heavy polysomes in DA versus Ao or colchicine-treated DA SMC. Similarly, expression of LC3 in HT1080 cells promotes FN mRNA translation associated with enhanced ribosome recruitment. These data suggest that LC3-ARE interaction facilitates FN mRNA translation.
Development of fiber optic sensing techniques for structural assessment

Fiber optic sensors are useful means for structural assessment. A novel damage detection sensor based on the use of a doped optical fiber to locate damage site in composite materials has been developed. The spatial accuracy of the sensor was experimentally determined as 2.86 mm over a sensing gauge of 425 mm. This technique does not require embedding a grid of optical fibers in the host structure or using the optical time domain reflectometry, which is employed by techniques reported previously. For the structural compliance measurement, a low cost long gauge strain sensing system has been developed and applied to a few structural applications. The test results showed that this system not only worked accurately, but also demonstrated advantages over conventional techniques. For solving the lead-in/out fiber sensitivity problem of the sensor, a novel sensor was developed using broadband in-fiber Bragg gratings. Research was carried out from conceptual test to building a sensing system based on the design. This novel sensing system has been successfully used in a number of field applications for measuring structural strain or deformation. However, it requires the spectral overlap of two Bragg gratings and contains mechanical moving parts for the optical path length compensation. Improving this system led to the development of the novel long gauge length sensor based on laser wavelength tuning technique. This sensor is electro-optically demodulated, therefore, there are no mechanical moving parts involved. It retains the desirable features of the previously developed sensors, without requiring the spectral overlap of Bragg gratings. It also provides the potential of multiplexing in the wavelength domain. For future development, the polarization effects on the long gauge length sensor and the possible solutions are discussed. Considerations of temperature effects and designs of sensing schemes for decoupling them from strain measurement are also presented.
Procedures of judgement, process of justice, an arbitration tribunal set in context

The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of arbitration as a lived event. My approach to the study was interpretive and narrative in nature. Field texts consisted of twenty-one interviews of people who have experienced arbitration: four grievors, three administrators, one witness, seven union representatives, two arbitrators, two lawyers, one observer, and one teacher. In Chapter 5 I dealt with one specific story as told by three different parties: a union representative, a school board director, and an arbitrator while in Chapter 6 I recounted the story of a grievor. The remaining 17 interviews were used to enrich both the stories and the analysis. References were also drawn from arbitration documents, movies, literary works, literature on law, education, and philosophy, and television documentaries. I also drew from my own partial autobiography. Using and extending Connelly and Clandinin's metaphors of landscape, conduit, competing and conflicting stories, positioned plot lines, and identities of hierarchy, I explore what it means to go to arbitration through the stories of those who have experienced the process. My discussion is based on the premise that arbitration by definition is a conflicting story which is intensely felt by its participants. For the opposing parties there exists no means of personal resolution. More questions have been asked than have been answered leaving ample room for future study. One point, however, is made clear, arbitration as a lived event is indeed a complex, multifaceted issue which needs to be storied and restoried, told and retold to bring the issues to the forefront and be dealt with There is a need for a space for dialogue between employers and employees as they live out their competing and conflicting stories. Only by bridging the positional gaps will we come to know each other and in coming to know maybe we will understand.
The development of new oxabicyclic-based strategies for the stereo- and enantioselective synthesis of azepines, thiepines and thiocines, polysubstituted decalins and related fused polycycles

The development of new oxabicyclic-based enantio- and stereoselective synthetic strategies are described in this thesis. Their synthetic potential, versatility and flexibility were demonstrated by the preparation of seven- and eight-membered nitrogen and sulfur heterocycles, polysubstituted decalins and related fused polycycles. In Chapter 1, the tandem "pincer" Diels-Alder reaction, consisting of two consecutive [4+2] cycloadditions between two dienes and an acetylenic bis-dienophile was applied toward the rapid construction of bridged polyoxacyclic ring systems when furan derivatives are used as the diene components. The study has demonstrated the stereoselectivity ('exo-exo' adduct), the chemoselectivity ("pincer" 'vs' "domino") as well as the regioselectivity of the reaction. The reaction has been successfully applied to a variety of 2-substituted furans and tethered bis-furans in combination with monoactivated and diactivated dienophiles. Chapter 2 describes a chemo-, regio- and stereocontrolled methodology for the simple and efficient synthesis of a large variety of 'cis'-decalins and related fused polycyclic systems with control at up to six stereocenters, based on the sequential ring opening of dioxacyclic: templates. We have established that the most useful feature of the reactivity of the dioxacyclic compounds is that the first ring opening reaction is significantly faster than the second allowing the sequential transformation of the oxabicyclic moieties. The flexibility of the sequential ring opening process and its limitations have been demonstrated and a new enantioselective mode of opening was reported. The base-promoted desymmetrization of 'meso' aza[3.2.1]oxabicyclic and thia[3.2.1] and oxa[3.3.1]bicyclic compounds has been exploited in Chapter 3 to give enantioenriched azepines, thiepines and thiocines. The regioselective opening of unsymmetrical aza[3.2.1]oxabicyclic and thia[3.2.1] and [3.3.1]oxabicyclic compounds bearing a methyl substituent at the bridgehead as well as the mechanism of deprotonation have also been investigated. In Chapter 4, we have briefly studied the intramolecular anionic ring opening of oxabicyclo[2.2.1] systems as a route to bicyclo[4.3.0]nonenes which are trans fused. The influence of the length of the all-carbon tether on the cyclization has been investigated. Cyclization of the 2-carbon tether substrate via an unexpected SN2 endo attack gave access to the spiro [5.2.0] skeleton. Stabilized anions have also been successfully cyclized.
Fast algorithms for spatial and multidimensional joins

Since the introduction of the relational model of data, the join operation has received much attention due to its unique feature of combining data from different relations. As Database Management Systems become richer in data types, there is increasing interest to extend the join operation to new data types, like geographical or spatial and multimedia data. Several algorithmic approaches have been proposed in the past. In this thesis, we present new algorithms for executing join operations between new data types. The algorithms we propose are robust, and they are generic, in the sense that they can be applied to a variety of data types. We first introduce 'Filter Trees', a new indexing structure, that supports efficient join operations between spatial data types. We introduce and define the basic operations for Filter Trees, analyzing their performance. We also propose a new algorithm for joins on spatial data types, between data sets for which no indexes are available. The algorithm is suitable for the efficient processing of intermediate query results. The new algorithm, called 'Size Separation Spatial Join', is described and analyzed. In addition we introduce a technique called, 'Dynamic Spatial Bitmaps ', which can improve the performance of Size Separation Spatial Join by allowing the algorithm to adapt to the specific data distributions in the data sets processed. Finally, we propose extensions of the Size Separation Spatial Join algorithm for data sets of higher dimensionality. The new algorithm, called ' Multidimensional Spatial Join' ('MSJ') algorithm, can efficiently perform joins between data sets containing high dimensional points. A detailed performance comparison with algorithms previously proposed is presented in each case showing the benefits of our approach.
Asynchronous design in dynamic CMOS

This thesis proposes techniques that allow dynamic logic to be used in an asynchronous environment. In particular, the proposed techniques allow pipelined asynchronous systems to be built. The proposed circuit elements are variations on TSPC logic using Sutherland's micropipeline structure combined with dual rail logic to detect operation completion. The use of delay elements to provide circuit completion information is also examined. The resulting cell occupies more area than a TSPC cell, but has higher functionality because of the built-in data flow control mechanisms provided by the handshake signaling of the micropipeline structure. For each of the techniques, a simple FIFO circuit and a more complex full adder circuit are constructed. Simulation results for each of the techniques are provided along with a discussion of the disadvantages and advantages of each.