VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Development of analytical probabilistic urban stormwater models

Analytical probabilistic urban stormwater models are closed-form mathematical equations relating statistical urban drainage system performance measures directly to meteorological parameters, system properties and design variables. These equations are formulated using derived probability distribution theory with simplified representations of the hydrologic and hydraulic processes taking place on urban catchments. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the representation of the hydrologic and hydraulic processes by existing analytical probabilistic models and to extend their use to flood control analyses. In developing the new set of analytical probabilistic models, the rainfall-runoff transformation on an event basis is described by equations which incorporate the hydrologic processes commonly considered in numerical simulation models. The peak discharge rate of a runoff event is estimated from the runoff event volume, the duration of the causal rainfall event and the catchment time of concentration. The average catchment time of concentration is used for all runoff events and is treated as a physical characteristic of the urban catchment, independent of input rainfall characteristics. Incorporating the exponential probability density functions of rainfall event characteristics, closed-form analytical expressions are derived for the return periods of runoff event volume and peak discharge rate of urban catchments. Furthermore, the water quality control performance of urban stormwater detention ponds are analyzed. Analytical expressions are derived for estimating the flow capture efficiency and average detention time provided by a stormwater quality control detention pond servicing an urban catchment. Taking into account the variable inflow and outflow rates, the detention ponds considered are those where outflow is controlled by an orifice-type structure. The flow capture efficiency is determined with the estimation of the total spill volume. The total spill volume is calculated as the combination of the event spill volume and the carryover spill volume. Thus, the carryover effect of consecutive runoff events is quantified. The analytical probabilistic approach is further extended to flood control analyses with the derivation of the probability distribution of the peak outflow rate from a flood control detention facility servicing an urban catchment. The derived mathematical expressions are used to analytically determine the storage-discharge relationship required for a detention facility to achieve the desired level of flood control. Continuous simulation of various urban catchments and detention pond configurations are conducted using Toronto historical rainfall records. Close agreement is obtained between simulation model results and those from the analytical probabilistic models developed in this thesis. Thus, the analytical probabilistic models can be used as an alternative to, or together with, continuous simulation models for the planning and design of urban stormwater management facilities.
Influence of dietary saturated fat and diet composition on macronutrient selection

Rats fed diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have been observed to select more protein and less carbohydrate than those fed diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Recently, these observations were not replicated within our lab. To explain this discrepancy, the present experiments investigated the impact of variations in diet composition including fat level and manufacturer, vitamin mixture level, and mineral mixture source and level in a macronutrient selection paradigm. Associations between lipid peroxidation products and selection were also examined to address a role for orosensory response. Consistent differences in selection were not detected amongst groups fed beef tallow (TAL; high in SFAs) and those fed soybean oil (SBO; high in PUFAs). Moreover, differences in selection were detected amongst groups fed diets differing only by SBO manufacturer. Ultimately, these patterns of selection could not be explained by SFA level nor the dietary modifications examined.
Coleridge, collaboration, and the higher criticism

Coleridge constructed his later prose works through an unusual "cut-and-paste" method that has generated criticism and controversy ever since these texts were published. Criticism of Coleridge's texts, both verse and prose, has puzzled over his largely unacknowledged borrowings from other authors. Coleridge's direct use of sources is so widespread that Thomas McFarland and Jerome Christensen have suggested persuasively that the technique can be considered a full-blown mode of composition. Explanations as to why he might have composed in this manner are less convincing, however, as most critics tend to use the evidence of Coleridge's dependence on other writers as the basis for a moral judgement or for an analysis of his neuroses. Leaving Coleridge's psychological health aside, I argue that Coleridge adapted an historical model for his controversial use of texts. The Higher Criticism suggested that the Bible was not a simple collection of books by known, inspired authors, but a collaborative, composite document containing layers of authorship and redaction within a single biblical book. This radical biblical criticism described in detail the manuscript culture in which the Bible was formed, and in the process, put forth theories of authorship and textual authenticity to justify their findings and preserve the integrity of the text. A natural collaborator, Coleridge was also immersed in both the Bible and this criticism, and adapted the practices of the biblical writers as described by the Higher Critics to his own compositional methods. The dissertation focuses on 'Aids to Reflection', the prose work of Coleridge's which was so admired throughout the nineteenth century. Starting its life as an edition, 'Aids to Reflection' was based on the work of the "inspired" Archbishop Leighton, and grew to include substantial amounts of Coleridge's and many seventeenth-century theologians' writing, including Coleridge's marginal glosses on Leighton. The work and its biblical model provides us with a fresh way to examine Coleridge's ideas of inspiration and authorship, outside of the rather tired issue of plagiarism.
Interpersonal trust in teacher-student relationships, meaning for Black students (14-16 years) of Caribbean background in secondary schools in the greater Toronto area

This dissertation focuses on the issue of trust in the relationship between black high school students of Caribbean background and their teachers. The central purpose of this dissertation is to examine trust in terms of its internal-external dynamics. It suggests that students pay attention not only to their external experiences but also their internal experiences. It also suggests that emotional experiences are among these internal experiences and that the characteristics of age, gender and length of time in Canada influence the trusting relationship between these students and their teachers. Twenty-four informants from throughout the Greater Toronto Area were used in the study. They consisted of eleven (11) nudes and thirteen (13) females between the age of fourteen to sixteen. All informants were of Caribbean background and were either born in Canada or in the Caribbean. Five (5) of these informants arrived in Canada within the last two and a half years. Analysis revealed that black students trust non-institutional persons (parents, family members and friends) more than they trust institutional persons (police, school administrators, teachers and counsellors). There is a link between the internal and external world. As students decide whether their teachers are trustworthy they look inward to their feelings, memories, expectations, beliefs and values and outwards at the verbal and non-verbal behaviours of their teachers, friends, family members and classmates. Specifically, they look at behaviours in teachers which they regard as respectful, and once they have encountered that respect, they make a confident decision (which they may or may not act on) to trust their teachers. Simultaneously, they experience feelings of security which give them the impetus to approach the teacher and the task in a positive manner. Grounded Theory is of enormous methodological significance in this study. It allows for the emergence of the meanings of informants. Rather than imposing meaning on the data, the method of constant comparison and testing of hypotheses brings out a holistic meaning of trust in the relationship between these students and their teachers. Findings from this study suggest that trust in the relationship between these students and their teachers is a mutually dared experience involving above all, respect. For these students, respect not only involves behaviours related to the academic but also the non-academic including behaviours that demonstrate respect for their racial heritage. These findings have numerous important implications for the micro-level relationship between teacher and students as well as for the structural factors that impact on this relationship. Greater respect, understanding and sensitivity in relating to students are important for teachers and other school personnel to demonstrate. It is also important that curriculum and educational policy issues demonstrate and facilitate such respect, understanding and sensitivity. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
In vivo evaluation of the D¦1 agonist PET ligand R-[¹¹C]SKF 82957, metabolism and regional brain distribution in animal models and humans

'Rationale'. The dopamine D1 receptor high-affinity (D1HIGH) state is believed to be the functional state of the receptor coupled to the G protein. Only agonist or partial agonist radioligands are capable of discerning the high- and low-affinity state with positron emission tomography (PET), while antagonists cannot. With the use of a selective D1 agonist radioligand, such as R-[11C]SKF 82957, it may be possible to assess changes in the D1HIGH receptor 'in vivo' in human subjects with PET. ' Objectives'. The main objective of this research was to determine the suitability of R-[11C]SKF 82957 for its use in human PET imaging. The metabolism of this radioligand was first ascertained in rat plasma and brain extracts, then in human plasma, with particular attention focused on the possible formation of radiolabeled metabolites with the potential to cross the blood brain barrier. PET imaging was performed in healthy human volunteers, and regional brain uptake and binding potential of striatal R-[ 11C]SKF 82957 was examined. Two rat models of D1 receptor supersensitivity (chronic D1 agonist treatment with SKF 81297 and unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions), were tested to establish the ' in vivo' binding of R-[11C]SKF 82957 versus that of [11C]SCH 23390. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Wireless cyclically permutable code based EMG system for assistive devices

The problem of transmitting an EMG (Electromyogram) on a wireless channel, in a multi-user environment, is addressed in this thesis. The use of CPCs (Cyclically Permutable Codes) as channel accessing protocol sequences is investigated as a solution. The main objective is to design a CPC such that, when it is used as a multiple access protocol with asynchronous users and without feedback, reliable communications is possible. Furthermore, the CPC must be suitable for the intended application, which requires the transmission of measured EMG for communications with and control of assistive devices. Comparison of nine families of CPCs, as well as results from a programmed microcontroller using a CPC, will demonstrate that they are an effective solution to the problem. A secondary objective is to illustrate the feasibility of using CPCs in a system solution to the problem. This will be demonstrated by the specification of all relevant communications parameters of a myoelectric transceiver system. The CPC that is used in the system, is a CPC (' N' = 272, 'Mc' = 17, 'dc' = 28) which are respectively the length, family size and cyclic Hamming distance of the code.
Drama and self-construction in a single-sex school for girls

This dissertation reports on research conducted eighteen months in a publicly funded, single-sex, multi-ethnic/cultural, Catholic secondary school for girls in Toronto. It is a longitudinal, multi-case study of drama practices at the grade ten level. It has examined the ways drama education engages girls' experiences and personal/cultural knowledge and expands the perspectives and discourses available to them. Current writing and research point to the ways in which girls are disadvantaged in school (Arnot & Weiner 1987; Delamont 1990; Gaskell & McLaren 1991; Gilbert & Taylor 1991; Riddell 1992; AAUW 1992, 1998), particularly in the secondary years. This study has observed the ways in which gender, culture, race, ethnicity, and class are incorporated into drama classroom activity. The work suggests that drama education practices ask students to understand their particular location in a social reality and make choices that advance that reality. By looking first at what students actually do in process drama, and then at how they talk about what they do, through interviews with a cross-section of students from these classes, and finally at the responses to a questionnaire completed by the four videographers of the classroom activity, data has suggested an increased knowledge of self and other for girls engaged in artistic projects within a single-sex environment. Conclusions of the study point to a curriculum that is inclusive of girls' experiences and suggest a re-thinking of the possibilities of equal opportunity and multiculturalism in education. The contribution, therefore, that this study makes is two-fold: first, from its particular view from a publicly funded, single-sex environment, it brings new light to bear on familiar questions concerning gender and equity; secondly, it offers, to a growing body of research in drama education, strong classroom-based evidence of the aesthetic, social, and academic advantages of an intermediate/senior drama curriculum.
An investigation of aluminum grain refinement process and study of the abilities of ultrasonic detection method in this process

An investigation was carried out on the grain refinement mechanism in pure aluminum, using an ultrasonic detection system, and metallography tests. In this investigation the capability of the ultrasonic detection system in the grain refinement process was studied. The results show that the ultrasonic system, which effectively detects particles larger than 20[mu]m in size, cannot detect the nucleants in the melt, but detects the movements and any cause of floating the particles, which provide more nucleants for the process. In the grain refinement process, the results show that there are other factors influencing the mechanism of grain refinement and fading phenomena, rather than TiAl3 particles. Metastable phases containing titanium can play an important role in preventing the fading phenomena.
Dynamically coupled particle systems for geometric modeling, reconstruction, and animation

This dissertation presents a new technique, based on dynamically coupled particle systems, for creating and manipulating complex three dimensional shapes in a fluid like manner. The most novel feature of this approach to shape representation is the use of self organizing primitive elements. In the simplest case, these primitive elements, or particles, each posses state variables of position and mass, and the system of elements interact through pairwise potential energy functions. More complex systems include additional state variables combined with simple heuristics to create application specific behavior. The ability of these systems to self organize provides a representation technique which exhibits dynamically changing structure, an attribute not found in popular spline and polygonally based representations. To illustrate the usefulness of this approach it is applied to the following problems: free form shape modeling, computer assisted animation, and surface reconstruction. For free-form modeling the approach supports smoothness constraints similar to those inherent in the deformation energies of popular, elastic surface models. Unlike spline patches or parameterized surface models, the model does not attempt to enforce analytical continuity conditions, such as tangent or curvature continuity over the surface. Applied to computer assisted animation the approach computes the movement and deformation of models mimicking, at a rudimentary level, the physical behavior of flexible solids and fluids. Applied to surface reconstruction, these systems can infer surface structure from sparse data sets, without a prior knowledge of the surface structure or the topological genus. In summary, dynamically coupled particle systems provide an useful alternative to traditional shape representation and manipulation techniques.
A study of the cyclical nature of prime minister-press gallery relations, 1963-1988

This paper explores the relationship between the prime minister and the media in Canada. In particular, it attempts to determine whether modern-day relations between the prime minister and the Canadian news media are characterized by recurring stages or vary, in some fundamental way, with each new prime minister. The basis for the paper is a U.S. study by Michael Grossman and Martha Kumar, in which the authors concluded that there were three distinct phases during a four-year term: an "alliance" phase; a "competitive" phase; and a period of "detachment". The argument presented in this paper is that Grossman and Kumar's analysis can be applied to Canada, and that the same general cycle of coverage exists in Canadian politics. The first chapter focuses on Lester Pearson; the second chapter examines Pierre Trudeau's initial term in office, from 1968 to 1972, while the third chapter looks at Brian Mulroney.

Keywords: Prime ministers
Press coverage
History
Premiers ministres dans la presse
Histoire
Polymer fibre-reinforced thermomechanical pulp (TMP) based papers

This study looks at a new type of material, a TMP/polymer composite sheet. No separate binders were used. Since there is heat available in the papermaking process, heat was used to create an adhesive bond between components. The polymer fibres used were polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6/polyamide 12 copolymer (CoPA), polyamide 6 (PA6), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and regenerated cellulose (Rayon). The properties of unheated sheets were characterized, to provide a baseline. The focus of this study was on the tensile and tear properties of TMP/polymer composite sheets. Simply adding polymer fibres to the sheets resulted in poorly bonded sheets with poor properties. Modelling the behaviour of the composites indicated that the polymers actually had a deleterious effect on sheet properties. They disrupted the bonding in the pulp component of the sheet. Adding polymer fibres was worse than adding nothing, i.e. reducing the mass of the sheet. The heat treated sheets gave much better results, if the heat supplied was sufficient to soften the polymer. Heat treated polypropylene and polyamide copolymer blends gave sheets that were tougher than 100% TMP sheets and which had comparable strength and only slightly lower stiffness. These effects were attributed to thermal bonding: the polymer fibres softened, became tacky and adhered to the wood pulp. Tear energy was the exception. Adding polymer fibres dramatically increased the energy required to tear unheated sheets, with the degree of improvement closely correlated to the length of the polymer fibre. Heat treating the composite sheets resulted in decreased tear. In terms of tensile properties, the most important properties of a polymer fibre reinforcement are strength, stiffness and melting point. For tear energy fibre length is the dominant property. Long, low melting point fibres will give the best balance of tensile and tear properties. The polymer fibres should have the highest strength and modulus possible in a low melting point material.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductors, theory and calculations

We present calculations of the linear dielectric function, the second harmonic generation (SHG) susceptibility, and the linear electro-optic (LEO) coefficient over a broad frequency range for various semiconductors. The full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method has been employed in the calculation of the electronic structure. This first-principles all-electron approach is well suited for accurate investigations of optical response in semiconductors. The explicitly nondivergent formalism of Sipe and Ghahramani forms the basis for our calculations. Indeed, our work is the first comprehensive implementation of this formalism. We have also developed an accurate and numerically efficient method for performing the Brillouin zone integrations necessary to calculate the optical response functions. The optical response in zinc-blende GaAs and GaP has been investigated. Our results for linear response are in reasonable agreement with other theoretical calculations and experiment. In contrast, a conclusive comparison for second-order response is difficult given the limited availability of experimental data and frequency dependent calculations. We argue, however, that on the basis of our LEO results the calculated value of the SHG susceptibility at zero frequency is reasonable. For the first time, we have investigated the frequency dependent optical response in the wide band gap wurtzite semiconductors, GaN and AlN. The linear and second-order response has been analyzed in terms of the electronic structure and the predictions of the bond charge model. Various symmetry properties of the second-order susceptibilities have also been investigated. In order to understand the role that crystal structure plays in optical response, we have calculated the linear dielectric function and the SHG susceptibility in both zinc-blende and wurtzite II-VI semiconductors. This analysis is facilitated by calculating the response in the same coordinate reference frame. We have found that second-order response is strikingly more sensitive to structure than linear response. Finally, we have developed a new local field corrected optical susceptibility formalism for linear response. This approach has several advantages over existing formalisms. We implement our approach calculating the below band gap linear response in silicon.
Invertebrate populations of intact and degraded areas of a supra-tidal marsh at La Perouse Bay, Manitoba

Collections of aquatic invertebrates were made from 70 vernal ponds from degraded and intact areas in the supra-tidal marsh at La Pérouse Bay on different occasions between June and early August 1996, and 12 of those ponds were resampled intensively between June and early July 1997. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages showed changes in the representation of certain groups. Midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) were the most abundant organisms in ponds with numbers approaching 25,000 individuals/m2. The aquatic invertebrate collections, made from the vernal ponds indicated a loss of species richness in ponds in degraded areas. Collections of terrestrial invertebrates based on the use of pitfall traps were made on a weekly basis in the same areas from which aquatic arthropods were collected between June and late August 1997. Spiders (Araneae) and certain beetles (Coleoptera) dominated intact swards whereas shore bugs (Hemiptera: Saldidae), as well as microfauna such as springtails (Collembola), dominated degraded areas.