VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Frequency Modulated Gyroscopes

MEMS gyroscopes for consumer devices, such as smartphones and tablets, suffer from high power consumption and drift which precludes their use in inertial navigation applications. Conventional MEMS gyroscopes detect Coriolis force through measurement of very small displacements on a sense axis, which requires low-noise, and consequently high-power, electronics. The sensitivity of the gyroscope is improved through mode-matching, but this introduces many other problems, such as low bandwidth and unreliable scale factor. Additionally, the conventional Coriolis force detection method is very sensitive to asymmetries in the mechanical transducer because the rate signal is derived from only the sense axis. Parasitic coupling between the drive and sense axis introduces unwanted bias errors which could be rejected by a perfectly symmetric readout scheme./nIn this thesis, I present frequency modulated (FM) gyroscopes that overcome the above limitations. FM gyroscopes operate the mechanical transducer in a perfectly symmetric way: each transducer axis is continuously driven to maintain a constant envelope oscillation. The rate is detected as changes in the frequencies of oscillations of the two axes. Frequency readout offers superior scale factor reliability in comparison to amplitude readout. For pendulum type gyroscopes, the scale factor is a dimensionless constant equal to 1 Hz (or cycle per second) per 360 deg/s./nFM gyroscopes are trivial to mode-match. Oscillation frequencies of both axes can be continually monitored and matched through electrostatic tuning. The FM gyroscope receives the same improved sensitivity benefit from mode-matching as the conventional gyroscope, without the drawbacks of limited bandwidth or unreliable scale factor./nBecause of the symmetry, compatibility with mode-matching, and ease of frequency readout, the FM gyroscopes promise to improve the power dissipation and drift of MEMS gyroscopes.

Advisor: Boser, Bernhard E
Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Functionalization of Aromatic C-H Bonds: Development of Methods for Direct Amination and Mechanistic Studies of Direct Arylation of Benzene and Pyridine N-Oxide

This dissertation discusses three studies on the Pd-catalyzed direct functionalization of aromatic C-H bonds. 1) Methods for direct amination are developed. 2) Mechanistic studies on direct arylation of benzene are performed by isolating the proposed intermediate (PtBu3)Pd(Ar)(OPiv) and studying its reactivity. 3) Detailed mechanistic studies on direct arylation of pyridine N-oxide are reported.

Advisor: Hartwig, John F
The adoption of health information technology by small and large physician organizations over time: the role of organizational ties and incentives

Objective: The primary aims of this study were: (1) to describe variation in how physician practices and medical groups have adopted health information technology (HIT) functionalities over time; and (2) to test hypotheses about how external factors facilitated the adoption of HIT functionalities. Because of their potential policy relevance, two factors were closely examined: organizational ties; and incentives for the adoption and use of HIT./nMethods: Panel data from three national surveys of physician organizations were used to construct two cohorts of organizations: small and medium-sized physician practices with fewer than 20 physicians; and large medical groups with more than 20 physicians. For the first cohort, responses were collected largely in 2008 and 2012; for the second cohort, 2006 and 2012. Cross-sectional linear regression was used to examine factors associated with adoption by the first period, and linear regression fixed organizational effects was used to examine which organizations most frequently adopted HIT between the first and second periods./nResults: Large medical groups have generally adopted comprehensive HIT systems; small and medium-sized practices have not, but are making progress. Factor analysis showed consistent patterns of clustering in the adoption of HIT functionalities, suggesting the use of sub-indices in measuring adoption. Although the effects of organizational ties and incentives on the adoption of HIT over time were mixed, some clear trends emerged. In both periods, externally oriented HIT functionalities - those enabling information exchange - were much more likely to be adopted by small and medium-sized physician practices with formal ties to other organizations, such as health systems or independent practice associations, than independently owned practices. Additionally, incentives relevant to the adoption of HIT were frequently and strongly associated with the adoption of many HIT functionalities for organizations in both cohorts./nConclusion: The road to comprehensive adoption and Meaningful Use of HIT may take longer than many have hoped, especially for small, independent organizations. Stronger ties across organizational boundaries may be required in order to achieve a healthcare system that is truly electronically connected.

Advisor: Shortell, Stephen M
Regulating the Political Process

This dissertation confronts several important questions about the institutional regulation of elections at the intersection of law and political science. I begin by showing how recent political reforms linking responsiveness to legislative action are misguided. State lawmakers that are elected by very narrow margins are no more likely to vote with the opposing party on legislative bills than are state lawmakers elected by huge margins. In fact, lawmakers elected by more than 85% of the vote are more likely to engage in cross-party voting. This empirical finding turns the traditional view of gridlock on its head; electoral responsiveness and political gridlock are complementary and not competing values. The median voter theorem is actually agnostic about polarization and gridlock, but my findings suggest that the conventional predictions about close elections and gridlock attributed to the median voter theorem may be incorrect./nI also show how independent political spending has been driven underground in the wake of Citizens United v. FEC. Because all of the "new" money that was permitted by Citizens United was funnelled to nonprofit organizations that are not required to disclose their donors, shareholders and the public cannot regulate the process as the majority expected they would. On the other hand, new independent political expenditures after Citizens United were not disproportionately large. In other words, the fear that large corporations would drown out the voice of individuals appears to be misplaced./nFinally, we see that the decision to delegate is not just about expertise or efficiency. Instead, delegation requires an analysis to match policy domains to the most appropriate regulatory body. In some cases delegation can mitigate problems, in other cases delegation can exacerbate problems. I show that delegation is not advisable for hot-button partisan issues (e.g., voter I.D. laws, voter registration requirements, recount procedures, redistricting), but is very valuable for the regulation and administration of technical, nonpartisan issues (e.g., accessibility for disabled voters, voter intent standards, voting technology)./nThe main goal of this dissertation is to show how careful empirical analysis can orient effective political reform and improve the election law jurisprudence. I hope that this thesis will inspire other scholars to engage in empirical research about the political process and that my analysis will be a valuable resource for them.

Advisor: Cooter, Robert D.
Scenarios for Deep Carbon Emission Reductions from Electricity by 2050 in Western North America Using the SWITCH Electric Power Sector Planning Model

In this study we use a state-of-the-art planning model for the electric power system - the SWITCH model - to investigate the evolution of the power systems of California and western North America from present-day to 2050 in the context of deep decarbonization of the economy. We find drastic power system carbon emission reductions to be feasible by 2050 under a wide range of possible futures. The average cost of power in 2050 is found to range between $149/MWh and $232/MWh across scenarios, a 21 to 88 % increase relative to a business-as-usual scenario, and a 38 to 115 % increase relative to the present-day cost of power./nIn order to rapidly decarbonize, the power system undergoes sweeping change. Between present-day and 2030, the evolution of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) power system is dominated by the implementation of aggressive energy efficiency measures, the installation of renewable energy and gas-fired generation facilities, and the retirement of coal-fired generation. In the 2040 time frame, deployment of wind, solar, and geothermal power reduce power system emissions by displacing gas-fired generation. In the 2050 time frame this deployment trend continues for wind and solar, but is accompanied by large amounts of new storage and long-distance, high-voltage transmission capacity. In stark contrast to present-day operation, electricity storage is used primarily to move solar energy from the daytime into the night in order to charge electric vehicles and meet demand from electrified heating. Transmission capacity over the California border is increased by 40 - 220 % by 2050, implying that transmission siting, permitting, and regional cooperation will become increasingly important over time. California remains a net electricity importer in all scenarios investigated./nWind and solar power are key elements in power system decarbonization, providing 37 - 56 % and 17 - 32 % of energy generated respectively across WECC in 2050 if no new nuclear capacity is built. In an effort to integrate wind and solar resources, the amount of installed gas capacity remains relatively constant between present-day and 2050, though carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is installed on some gas plants by 2050. The fleet-wide average capacity factor of non-CCS gas generation drops steeply between 2030 and 2050, reaching only 5 - 16 % in 2050 for scenarios that meet the 86 % emission reduction target.

Advisor: Kammen, Daniel M
Operetta after the Habsburg Empire

This thesis discusses the political, social, and cultural impact of operetta in Vienna after the collapse of the Habsburg Empire. As an alternative to the prevailing literature, which has approached this form of musical theater mostly through broad surveys and detailed studies of a handful of well-known masterpieces, my dissertation presents a montage of loosely connected, previously unconsidered case studies. Each chapter examines one or two highly significant, but radically unfamiliar, moments in the history of operetta during Austria's five successive political eras in the first half of the twentieth century. Exploring operetta's importance for the image of Vienna, these vignettes aim to supply new glimpses not only of a seemingly obsolete art form but also of the urban and cultural life of which it was a part./nMy stories evolve around the following works:/nDer Millionenonkel (1913), Austria's first feature-length motion picture, a collage of the most successful stage roles of a celebrated operetta comedian, which aimed to advertise the artistic potential of the new and controversial medium of film;/nBruno Granichstaedten's Der Orlow (1925) and Reklame! (1930), two of a series of jazz-inspired, American-themed revue operettas meant to prove that--even after World War I--the genre was still relevant and Vienna remained its foremost innovator;/nRalph Benatzky's Das kleine Café (1934) and Herzen im Schnee (1937), two "intrinsically Austrian" operettas, endorsed by the Austrofascist government and tourism office to promote the geographical and cultural treasures of the "New Austria," both at home and abroad;/nRudolf Weys's version of Franz Lehár's Der Rastelbinder (1902/1944), one of the Third Reich's many operetta revisions, with which the Nazis hoped to replenish Greater Germany's repertory of "Aryan" works;/nDie Straussbuben (1946), Vienna's first postwar Singspiel, a trusty Strauss pastiche that became the touchstone for a recovering Austrian national pride, and likewise proved a last--missed--chance to find operetta a new lifeline./nThe patchwork adumbrated by these historical scraps points to a larger trend: after the fall of the Habsburg Empire, operetta was considered cultural capital for Vienna and, as such, increasingly became an object of political relevance. While this development inextricably linked operetta to the image of Vienna (and Austria), and at points helped to keep this form of musical theater alive, it was also largely responsible for operetta's hopeless stagnation.

Advisor: Taruskin, Richard
Emotional Acuity in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder

The present study investigated the ability of young children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to identify emotion in photographs as well as their response to a distress event. Since communication is a core aspect of the disability, alternate methods of assessment were employed in order to investigate emotion understanding and emotion response in children with and without ASD. Thirty-one children with ASD (mean age 48 months) and forty typically developing children (mean age 53 months) participated. A sorting procedure was used to determine participants' ability to identify happy, sad and angry emotions in photographs with and without contextual information. Results suggest that context had no effect on either group. Children with ASD were significantly less likely to correctly sort emotional faces. When witnessing the experimenter in distress, children with ASD showed similar levels of affect matching and a similar pattern in heart rate. Significant differences were found in the eye gaze pattern of the two groups; the typically developing children were more likely to look at the face of the experimenter during the distress event. By reducing the language component required for the emotion identification task and including behavioral and physiological outcome measures to the response to distress paradigm, this study seeks to investigate the unique characteristics of children with ASD without the impediment of their communicative difficulties. These results provide insight into the emotional lives of children with ASD and may shed light on why these children respond differently to emotion than their typically developing peers.

Advisor: Sterponi, Laura
Hanson, Marci
Photonic Actuation, Sensing, and Imaging of Biological and Soft Matters

This dissertation extensively investigates applications of optics in bioresearch and introduces a series of developments in novel optical technology. The developed techniques include optics-based particle manipulation; nanophotonic, device-based gas-sensing; and optical imaging./nFine control and the inherently remote capability of light technologies allow for enormous potential in every facet of modern advanced technologies. By exploiting these advantages and employing the observable photons as information carriers, the optical techniques developed in the physical sciences are now rapidly finding numerous important applications in the research fields of biology, medicine, and soft matters. Some examples are optical manipulation, sensing, and imaging. I have worked on the technological developments to solve issues faced in this interdisciplinary field./nThis thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter serves as a brief introduction to each research field of optical manipulation, sensing, and imaging, encompassing the research of this PhD work. Chapter 2 describes three novel, optics-based techniques to manipulate nanoscopic objects: lipid integrated optoelectronic tweezers, optoelectrophoresis in nanofluidic scales, and the plasmonic Brownian Ratchet. Chapter 3 reports the development of a novel explosive gas sensor utilizing an actively excited plasmon nanocavity. Chapter 4 introduces two novel microscopy techniques: the nanowire-based backscattering interference contrast microscope and the axial plane optical microscope. The first of these two reveals the Brownian motion of the anisotropic colloids near a wall, and the latter finds its applications in three-dimensional biological tissue imaging and fluidic lithography.

Advisor: Zhang, Xiang
Six Musical Compositions Integrating Digital Video

Abstract/nSix Musical Compositions Integrating Digital Video/nby Nils Bultmann/nDoctor of Philosophy in Music/nUniversity of California, Berkeley/nProfessor Edmund Campion, Chair/nIn this thesis I am presenting six video-related musical compositions that explore physical movement in performance and the integration of alternative performance locations. This text offers a chronological description of these experiments, tracking the evolution of these ideas through a variety of forms: A walk-through installation, Location-based fixed-media videos, Interactive web platforms using maps, and projection templates for live performance. Each of the works explores a particular relationship of the digital video to the musical composition with varied approaches and degrees of connection between the sound and image. The insights and skills accumulated through the compositional process of the initial five works ultimately lead to the final piece in the series. This culminating composition offers a flexible working method and platform for integrating a quite diverse spectrum of musical collaborations and other activities. The new procedures I developed through these video-related compositions facilitated the creation of new works in quite diverse venues while also providing tools for bringing both audio and visual material from varying locations back into the concert hall through live performance.

Advisor: Campion, Edmund
Mercury Detection with Gold Nanoparticles

Mercury is a pollutant of grave concern with well documented neurological and developmental health impacts. Better sensing methodology would improve detection and control of mercury and thus reduce its health burden. Gold nanoparticles provide a sensing medium with potential advantages in sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and cost over established techniques. Mercury readily adsorbs onto the surface of the gold changing the localized surface plasmon resonance which is measured as a shift in the peak optical absorbance wavelength. This shift is dependent on the mercury concentration and predictable with classical electromagnetism./nThis work investigates some of the fundamental relationships driving sensor response. The effects of mass transfer and surface kinetics on mercury/gold nanoparticle adsorption are determined with analytical models and experimental results based on impinging flow geometry. To decouple mass transfer and surface kinetics adsorption, electrical analogy models are constructed and fit to the experimental data. The models can account for variations in flow conditions and surface coatings on the nanoparticles. These models are generalizable to other systems./nResults from these fundamental investigations are used to improve and extend sensor performance. The time response or collection efficiency is optimized depending on system requirements. Using the knowledge gained, the applicability of gold nanoparticle mercury sensors is extended to a fiber optic based system and aqueous detection. Nanorods deposited on the surface of a fiber optic cable have a linear response with concentration and are able to detect mercury down to 1.0 μg/m3. The modification of an established oxidation/reduction scheme for use with the sensor allows for the detection of ionic and organic mercury from water samples which ordinarily would not be reactive with gold nanoparticles. The aqueous sensor was able to detect mercury below the EPA's drinking water limit.

Advisor: Koshland, Catherine P
Dames, Chris
Plus Ça Change: Change and Continuity in French and American Gender Culture, 1952-2007

This dissertation traces the transformation of gender cultures in the U.S. and France from the 1950s to the present. Using mainstream as well as avowedly feminist women's magazines as a primary source of evidence, I find deep and lasting cultural contrasts that were crucial for determining both the character and the impact of American and French second-wave feminism. Finding fertile ground in an institutional structure and a cultural ideology that dramatizes universal individual choice and agency, popular feminism in America transformed everyday social norms more thoroughly than the French movement. While France's elitist culture permitted some socially privileged activists to win victories through dramatic advocacy for downtrodden and voiceless ordinary women, French feminists were less able to persuade women to contest sexism in their own daily lives./nAmerican feminism grew out of a milieu of abrasive gender relations. American culture endorsed a more aggressive and emotionally myopic version of masculinity than prevailed in France. It also subjected women to irreconcilable social pressures by dramatizing the self-enhancing experience of employment while cautioning married women against it; by portraying sexuality as both morally hazardous and exciting for young women; and by asking wives to promote the self-confidence and success of loved ones while insisting that each person ultimately controls his or her own fate. The French vision of the cultivated and emotionally empathetic man, by contrast, contributed to the culture's emphasis on the aesthetic and emotional pleasures, rather than the dangers, of relations between the sexes. Although American feminism has delegitimated men's aggression and relieved women of responsibility for the constant maintenance of male egos, the other major patterns of gender culture in both countries have persisted up to the present./nThe findings of the dissertation suggest that the deep patterns in gender culture, and thus in gender equality or inequality, involve much more than power, either in the economy or the family, and instead incorporate broader ethical ideals about what is a good person and how to achieve a fully realized life. It provides a corrective to existing work in the sociology of culture that exclusively stresses the invidious character of aesthetic judgments. And it establishes the pivotal importance of society's deepest cultural meanings to the objectives, opportunities, and outcomes available to social movements.

Advisor: Swidler, Ann