VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
How do theories of access to justice, judicial economy, and behaviour modification explain developments in the class actions debate from 1970 onward in England and Canada?

This thesis investigates the rapidly developing area of collective redress in England and Canada. It looks at three procedures: class actions, group litigation, and representative actions. I make three normative arguments:
1. Class actions represent a departure from the principle of ‘accurate justice’ that has traditionally underpinned civil justice systems, although this departure is not unique and is characteristic of wider civil justice reforms;
2. Class actions and group litigation are not ‘one size fits all’ procedures, but instead serve a variety of purposes; and
3. Representative actions are distinct from both procedures and should not be used to aggregate individual claims at all – they should instead be used for the litigation of group rights.
My thesis combines qualitative surveys, doctrinal analysis, and historical research into collective redress reforms in England and Canada. England has borrowed heavily from Canadian class actions in creating its own framework in competition law; England’s group litigation regime is much more established and Canada has much to learn from it. The representative rule also originated in England, although Canada’s interpretation was much broader and led to the development of class actions. There are indications that the same might be happening in England, but I argue that such an interpretation is incorrect.
Collective redress in England and Canada is at a crossroads. In England, the UK Supreme Court has just ruled on the nascent competition law class actions regime, and is considering the scope of representative actions. In Canada, significant amendments have been made to Ontario’s Class Proceedings Act, and other Canadian jurisdictions are watching to see how these will be interpreted. Both countries can learn a great deal from each other. This thesis brings important empirical, historical, and normative insights into the current debates about collective redress on both sides of the Atlantic.

Keywords: Collective redress
Group litigation
Class actions
Representative actions
Civil procedure
Access to justice
Advisor: Higgins, A
Investigating the basis of competitive nodulation and bacteroid development in Rhizobium leguminosarum

Some soil-dwelling bacteria in the genus Rhizobium can form symbioses with leguminous plants, including important crop species such as peas and beans. During symbiosis, rhizobial bacteroids inhabiting root nodules fix atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonium, which is exchanged with the host plant for fixed carbon from photosynthesis. Inoculation of leguminous crops with highly effective rhizobia can significantly increase crop yields and reduce inorganic fertiliser usage. However, potential yield benefits are reduced or lost if inoculant strains are unable to compete with indigenous rhizobia.
High-throughput transposon insertion sequencing (INSeq) techniques were used to assess genes for importance in different stages of symbiosis, including poorly understood genetic factors influencing competitive nodulation ability and development of nitrogen-fixing nodules. INSeq classifications were used as starting points for experimental investigation of mutations found to affect abundance of rhizobia in nodules, including mutations which have both positive and negative effects on fitness. Previous results have revealed that timing of infective and developmental events is likely crucial to nodulation ability, hence a novel mutant screening strategy, aiming to identify mutants delayed in these events, was developed using Lux- and GFP-based biosensors then tested in a combined growth and non-invasive imaging system.
Rhizobial mutant strains were generated for 47 genes of interest using established and novel mutagenesis systems. Phenotypes were found for 17 of 35 mutants examined, including seven mutants with significantly impaired competitive nodulation ability, two mutants (ΔRL0339 & ΔRL3565) with enhanced competitive nodulation ability and one mutant (ΔRL3624) showing enhanced growth promotion under nitrogen-limited conditions. The results in this thesis provided the basis for further investigation of nodulation kinetics and characterisation of genes which may be utilised for future development of more effective inoculant strains.

Keywords: rhizosphere
Rhizobium
Nitrogen-fixation
sustainable agriculture
symbiosis
nodulation
legume
Advisor: Poole, P
Preston, G
An investigation on the Bauschinger effect in titanium alloys for aerospace applications: strain rate and pressure dependence

A comprehensive study of the reverse loading in Ti-6Al-4V hereafter, Ti64 alloys including strain rate and pressure effects (strength differential), is conducted in order to improve the understanding of the deformation mechanisms in Ti64 and characterise its Bauschinger effect.
Strain controlled quasi-static, and high strain rate reverse loading tests are performed, providing novel data to conduct a series of explicit finite element (FEA) simulations with the objective to determine the capabilities of widely used constitutive models to predict the material response under cyclic loading.
The analysis of the experimental data shows that the Bauschinger effect (B.E.) in the material is manifested principally as the loss of a distinct transition between elastic and plastic dominated deformation regions (transient softening), leading to the lowering of the plastic work expended during the straining of the material.
The analysis of the strain rate effects on the cyclic response of the material, allows to identify an inversely proportional relationship between strain rate and B.E. as well as a higher prominence of the aforementioned drop in the plastic work when the loading is conducted in the opposite direction to the pre-strain.
The numerical study conducted shows that general, widely used constitutive models calibrated with monotonic data are not able to accurately predict the cyclic loading response of Ti-6Al-4V alloys, proving the importance of the Bauschinger effect as factor to consider in order to obtain reliable models of the material’s response to complex loading.

Keywords: Cyclic loading
Aerospace applications
Ti64
impact engineering
Bauschinger effect
Titanium alloys
Split Hopkinson bar
Advisor: Petrinic, N
Pellegrino, A
Otto Hölder and the development of group theory and Galois theory

The last fifteen years of the nineteenth century saw great changes in the perception and formulation of group theory and Galois theory. At that time, the major problems which became the focus of twentieth-century finite group theory were distilled. New techniques and systematic methods were introduced as attempts were made to solve these problems. The abstraction of group theory which had taken place during the 1870s and 1880s resulted in deeper insights into Galois' theory of equations.
This thesis focuses on the algebraic studies of the German mathematician Otto Holder (1859-1937). It consists largely of a historical and critical analysis of his original work on group theory and Galois theory, which was published in seven articles between 1889 and 1895. Holder was instrumental in providing a clear understanding of the structure which a theory of finite groups should possess. The important mathematical problems that arise from such an understanding are formulated in his papers. He developed techniques and methods of solution which had a great influence on the direction of subsequent research on these problems.
A biography of Otto Holder is presented in Chapter 2 of the thesis; a survey of the algebraic inheritance on which he drew forms the substance of Chapter 3. The following six chapters each examine his contribution to a specific area or problem and discuss the context of his work. His mathematics is related to and contrasted with modern techniques and methods of solution, which are included where appropriate. Each chapter concludes with some remarks on the later development of the ideas and problems Holder considered. The subjects of these chapters are successively the re-formulation of Galois theory, the concept of quotient group, the Jordan—Holder Theorem for finite groups, the search for simple groups, the structure theory of finite groups and group extension theory. Finally, various conclusions are drawn about Otto Holder's achievements and his place in the history of algebra.

Advisor: Neumann, P
An examination of some problems of the language of St. Matthew's Gospel

In the first chapter of this work the language of St. Matthew's gospel is set in the context of general New Testament linguistic study in this century. The differing emphases of Semitists such as Torrey, Burney, Dalman and Black on the extent of Semitic influence on New Testament Greek are set side by side with the work of Hellenists such as Moulton and Deissmann in placing the New Testament language with the spoken Greek of its period. Account is taken of the contributions to this debate made by Lars Rydbeck in his isolation of a group of technical prose writers of the 1st century A.D. with linguistic affinities to the New Testament writers and by Klaus Beyer in examining New Testament Greek syntax on the basis of possible and impossible methods of expression in Aramaic and Hebrew.
The problem of finding Aramaic contemporary in time and place to the New Testament writings is considered and the different kinds of Aramaic used by various scholars as source material for an Aramaic approach are assessed. The Aramaic discoveries from Qumran, in particular the Genesis Apocryphon, and the material from Murabba’at are regarded in this thesis as the Aramaic closest to that employed by Jesus and his followers, while the use of later Targumic material, especially in a confirmatory rôle, is not excluded. Among the various Targums used in this work the contribution to the Aramaic approach made by the discovery of Codex Neofiti I of a Palestinian Pentateuch Targum is regarded as important. The extent to which Hebrew and Greek were known in 1st century A.D. Palestine is also discussed and a tri-lingual situation is favoured on the basis of the latest archaeological discoveries.
Continued in thesis ...

Keywords: Bible
Matthew's Gospel
New Testament
language
The effect of nitrogen and oxygen on the mechanical properties of molybdenum

An investigation has been made of the effects of nitrogen and oxygen in solid solution on the mechanical properties of molybdenum single crystals. This is believed to be the first investigation of its type, involving the controlled addition of interstitfal solutes to a Group Vla metal.
The establishment of a standard route for the preparation of molybdenum single crystals of well characterised purity has been undertaken as a necessary preliminary to the investigation of interstitially doped material. High purity molybdenum with a resistance ratio >5,000 and a total interstitial content < 10 at~ppm has been prepared by the successive zone-melting,decarburisation and high vacuum annealin;_" of commercial purity material. Resistance ratio measurements and chemical analysis have been used to define the purification mechanisms which operate durine; these treatments.
A high speed quenching technique has been developed for doping molybdenum mechanical test specimens with nitrogen and oxygen., Compression specimens may be prepared with only small concentrations of interstitials in solid solution 0 at.ppm) but comparatively large concentrations (>100 at.ppm) may be quenched into solution in wire tension specimens., The nitrogen doped molybdenum is more thoroughly characterised than the oxygen doped molybdenum.
[Abstract continued in thesis]

Advisor: Christian, JW
Eyre, BL
Experiments in neutron production

A precise method of monitoring the neutron yield from the D-D reaction would provide a convenient standard source of fast monokinetic neutrons. The possible reactions are:
D2 + D2 → He3 + n1 + 3.18 M.V.
→ He3 + H1 + 398 M.V.
In principle this objective could be achieved by counting the number of He3 nuclei emitted in a known solid angle. Because of their short range, however, (4.3 mm in air) it is more convenient to monitor the 14.7 cm range protons and the neutron flux is then determined if the ratio of the two reaction is known as a function of bombarding energy. The branching ratio is also of theoretical interest. The determination of the ratio of the yield in the two reacctions was the objective in the experiments described.
[Introduction continued in thesis]
Access to justice for the Chinese consumer: handling consumer disputes in contemporary China

This study explores the nature and significance of consumer dispute processes in China. It examines access to consumer justice issues, with particular reference to both consumer experience and the roles that the state, legal professionals and other social actors play in the consumer dispute processes. It focuses on one local area (Shenzhen, China) and uses an in-depth ethnographic approach to offer a realistic picture of consumer dispute resolution in China's socialist market economy. The principal question addressed is: how are consumer disputes resolved in this part of China today?
The study analyses consumer dispute resolution practices in terms of various channels, including the handling of cases in the Consumer Council, the regulator's reporting system, the courts, the media, and online platforms. It determines that mediation or tiaojie in Chinese (by whatever provider) continues to be the dominant type of consumer dispute process. However, the style of mediation used – often differs from the approach to mediation in the common law world – is conducted by staff in public bodies and is a didactic process used largely to contain the impact of the dispute. The study also explores 'professional' consumers, who may well see themselves as ordinary consumers or mere citizens, but who develop expertise through repeat asserting of consumer rights in various consumer dispute processes. These professionals are regarded in this study as a modest form of 'consumer citizen' in China, and their activities do encourage reforms, despite sometimes hostile official attitudes.
The present work contributes to our understanding of consumer protection and legal developments in China, and through its analysis of the China case offers contributions to the more general literature on dispute resolution, consumers’ access to justice, and consumer protection.

Advisor: Pirie, F
Viva l'Italia, viva la Repubblica: popular political engagement and participation in Tuscany during the Italian Risorgimento, c. 1830-1861

This thesis explores popular politics and political participation in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany during the Italian Risorgimento. There are two broad strands to this research. On the one hand, this project examines the processes of politicisation which enabled broad cross-sections of Tuscany’s labouring classes, both in the cities and in the countryside, to access political knowledge and develop an awareness of new political discourses. On the other hand, this research also explores the uses which ‘popular groups’ made of this new political knowledge, and the ways in which ‘ordinary Tuscans’ constructed and expressed political opinions. For Florence and other Tuscan cities, this project examines the role of the Tuscan democratic movement, along with the politicising impact of urban military mobilisation, and uses police records to explore the ways in which the artisan and working classes of Florence engaged with new political language and ideas. For the Tuscan countryside, this research turns to the years 1859-60, focusing on the impact of the popularly-oriented propaganda campaign of Bettino Ricasoli, and using transcribed compilations of oral popular songs to examine the ways Tuscan sharecroppers sought to come to terms with national politics and construct their own representations of the events of 1859-60. The thesis argues that the Risorgimento in Tuscany ought to be seen as a mass movement in which popular groups – in both the cities and the countryside – actively engaged with the ideas of Italian patriots, while at the same time drawing upon established channels of oral communication to construct and shape their own understandings of the Risorgimento.

Advisor: Hopkin, D
Broers, M
Political fictions and fictional politics: a comparative study of the political unconscious in the Turkish and Kurdish novel

This thesis presents a comparative and interdisciplinary investigation into the relationship between politics and the Turkish and Kurdish novels, which are treated not only as artistic constructions but also as socio-cultural and historical artefacts. The primary objective of this investigation is to understand the principle social, political, and historical reasons and root causes behind the close relationship between politics and literatures in Turkey and the principle socio-political and literary ramifications of such strong relationship. Towards this end, the thesis focuses on four main themes: language, love, religion, and history. Besides being the most common novelistic themes in the Turkish and Kurdish literary institutions, these are inherently heavily politicised and ethno-nationalistically charged themes—thus especially suitable for such inquiry.
In line with this politico-historical and literary vein, the thesis also discusses some of the main political questions in Turkey, viz., the reasons behind the failure of Turkish democracy, its maladies and the resultant deadlock on some of the most important issues of the modern history of the country such as the Kurdish imbroglio and the conflict of secularisation and Islam. As the discussions on politics of love, language, religion, and history show, profound ideological competitions and antagonisms do not necessarily mean divergent political and literary structures. As such, the strong links between the Turkish and Kurdish literary institutions, as well as the ordeal of the Kurdish question and democratisation in Turkey, is as much caused by rival nationalisms, hostile ideological positions, and the like as by congruity, parallel political visions, and similar power structures. The main argument of the thesis, thus, is that the Kurdish and Turkish literary, political, and intellectual actors could not contribute towards the solution of the persistent political and literary questions in Turkey because of their failure in adopting a transformative politics and developing fully autonomous literatures. The future of the two literatures, as was in the past, this thesis argues, will remain intrinsically bound to the political structures and developments and the future of democracy in Turkey.

Keywords: modern Turkish literature
Orhan Pamuk
politics of language
Mehmet Uzun
politics of history
Ereb Shemo
modern Kurdish literature
Kemal Tahir
Esat Mahmut Karakurt
Fredric Jameson
Hesene Mete
politics of religion
politics of love
the political unconscious
Advisor: Mignon, L
Multilingualism and language choice in the imperial Roman army

This thesis is a sociolinguistic study of language choice in the Roman army, focused on the period between the first and the third centuries AD. Its main aims are to revisit our understanding of language choice in military administration, and to identify patterns of language choice in communication between soldiers and their associates. These themes are approached through a tripartite framework inspired by discourse analysis, which includes the concepts of audience, identity, and practicality. The case studies examined in the thesis show that Latin was not the only language of military administration, but played a vital role in written contexts where the army acted in its institutional function. This “institutional” use of Latin is reflected at the interpersonal level, where it enabled soldiers and their associates to express belonging to the military experience. Latin and other languages appear also as lingue franche and as markers of different types of identities, often connected with questions of prestige. Overall, this thesis enables us to refine our understanding of the reasons that prompted soldiers and their associates to use one language instead of another when a choice was available, and to renew our appreciation for cross-linguistic communication in Roman military environments.

Advisor: Mullen, A
Probert, P
Essays on macro-labour and uncertainty

This dissertation consists of three self-contained chapters which discuss topics related to macro-labour and uncertainty. Chapter 1 examines the impact of cross-border migration on business cycle dynamics and focuses on the implications of brain-drain for origin countries. Through the lens of an open-economy DSGE model that features endogenous migration flows, trade linkages, search frictions, and skill heterogeneity, I study the quantitative impact of cyclical migration in Greece during the European Debt Crisis. I find that rather than stabilising the Greek business cycle, migration led to a deeper and more protracted recession, primarily due to the negative effects it had on the skill composition of the domestic workforce and investment. Chapter 2 explores the role of labour market frictions and specifically the role of endogenous job destruction for the propagation of uncertainty shocks. To address this topic, I build a DSGE model with search and matching frictions, price rigidities and time-varying stochastic volatility, and I calibrate the model to US data. I find that endogenous job separations play an important amplification role for uncertainty shocks. I also find that the introduction of endogenous match separations can challenge the widely-held perception that uncertainty shocks behave like negative aggregate demand shocks, as the behaviour of inflation hinges on the specification of the Taylor rule. Finally, Chapter 3 analyses the impact of uncertainty shocks on firm entry, trade and labour markets through the lens of a DSGE model with endogenous producer entry. I find that contrary to models with a fixed mass of producers, precautionary savings propagate uncertainty shocks through two distinct mechanisms. The first one is the aggregate demand mechanism which is at play in models without endogenous firm entry. The second channel however, arises from the interplay of precautionary behaviour and endogenous firm entry. Precautionary savings from households lead to higher entry of relatively less productive non-trading firms, driving down aggregate productivity and creating inflationary pressures.

Keywords: migration
brain-drain
uncertainty
macro-labour
Advisor: Ferrero, A
Zanetti, F