VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Has the sweeping revisionism of the Arian Controversy gone too far in sidelining the real theological and political dispute that shaped Christian doctrine?

The last three decades have produced a number of publications devoted to the revision of Athanasius of Alexandria's "Arian Controversy". The fruits of this re-evaluation highlight the complexities of post-Nicene theology long ignored in the shadow of Athanasius' crude "Arian" versus "orthodox" binary. It is now widely accepted in patristic studies that "Arian" was not a self-designation nor was the presbyter who lent his name to the heresy all that crucial a figure.
A handful of scholars have moved beyond these helpful developments to revise the "Arian Controversy" out of existence. For some, "Arianism” was a rhetorical construct of a power hungry and abusive bishop who indiscriminately branded his personal opponents. Likewise, this revisionist thesis dismisses the activity of any "Eusebians", opting for the complete rejection of conflicting "parties". What remains is not alternate theologies and a genuine dispute, but a phantasmal "Athanasian Arianism". This dissertation analyzes this re-shaping of the post-Nicene years and offers a modest remonstrance to the most extreme aspects of the "Arian Controversy" revision. The study does not want to return to a place of Athanasian hagiography, but rather argue that "Arian" served as a useful polemical heuristic to identify a distinct theology that the bishop (and others) found unacceptable. After outlining the erosion of the "Arian Controversy", the thesis marshals evidence supporting a substantive theological dispute over which divergent networks clashed. In this vein, the work wants to recapture a genuine historical theology in that not everything is reducible to politics. The thesis argues that there is a responsible way of reading Athanasius' charged polemic.

Keywords: revisionism
Advisor: Edwards, M
A computational investigation of the electrocardiogram with healthy and diseased human ventricles

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and are estimated to kill over 17 million people each year, about 31% of all deaths. In the clinic, the first diagnostic procedure for a suspected cardiac abnormality is often acquisition of an electrocardiogram (ECG), which measures the electrical potential of the heart at the body surface. Understanding the mechanisms underlying generation of the ECG waveforms is crucial for optimal clinical benefit. Computer simulations possess several strengths as a tool to gain this understanding, particularly in terms of human-specificity, flexibility, repeatability, and ethics.
The ventricles make up the majority of the cardiac volume and are therefore responsible for the majority of ECG waveforms. Ventricular disorders are the most life-threatening, because the ventricles are responsible for pumping blood to the body. Due to their size it has only recently become possible to perform biophysically detailed simulations of the ventricles and torso using supercomputers.
In this thesis, multiscale, mathematical models of the ventricles and torso using the Chaste software library are simulated on high performance computing systems. A description is included of the performance enhancements made in Chaste to improve resource efficiency and accelerate job turnaround, particularly in data storage and the auxiliary tasks of post-processing and data conversion. A novel model of ventricular activation is presented and parametrized using multi-modal human data, and successfully used to simulate normal and pathological QRS complexes. Similarly, repolarization gradients are imposed based on the literature and result in a variety of T waves. Finally, the developed human whole-ventricular and torso models are utilized to gain new insights into possible ionic mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of the early repolarization syndrome.
Overall, this thesis presents a novel framework for simulation of the human ECG using high performance computers, with possible applications in basic science and computational medicine.

Keywords: Simulation
QRS complex
Ventricles
Electrocardiogram
Activation sequence
Advisor: Rodriguez, B
Bueno, A
Mincholé, A
Burrage, K
Teacher judgment, student agency, and the Computing classroom

This qualitative embedded case study of how the new Computing standards of England’s National Curriculum are being implemented in one rural village primary school aims to reveal the process by which educational policy is translated into teaching practice. It also aims to clarify whether civic computing skills such as student agency – while not explicitly included in the Computing standards – are being unknowingly taught by primary school teachers as a natural byproduct of a well-taught computing lesson. This is based on the premise that the cognitive skills developed while learning computing (e.g. computational thinking) also make one able to think and act agentically. This study’s research questions are motivated by an interest in teachers as professionals working within education. How much influence does teacher judgment have on the classroom and, in turn, what influences teacher judgment? What judgments will teachers make while translating England’s Computing standards into teaching practice? Will those judgments result in a civic education not accounted for in the policy but needed by students living in a knowledge society? Findings from the interviews and classroom observations of two teachers at one primary school found that, while both external factors such as government- sponsored training and internal factors such as the absence of an ICT coordinator did have an impact on teacher perceptions of Computing and constrained their lessons in some ways, ultimately it was teacher beliefs and judgments that dictated whether a Computing lesson would be taught in a rigorous (if not wholly fidelitous) way. Teachers who actively shaped the learning experiences in their classroom while also allowing room for student-directed learning – including some behaviors typically considered disruptive – taught Computing lessons that had the most actual computing content (as opposed to ICT content) and also best facilitated the development of student agency.
Analysis of storm surge and tidal resonance in the Bristol channel

The Bristol Channel is located in the south-west coast of Great Britain, which has the second largest tidal range in the world. Despite a number of previous studies which have been undertaken in the Bristol Channel, its complex tidal dynamics are not yet fully understood, in particular given its resonant nature and presence of large storm surges. This was the motivation for development of a simplified two-dimensional model to simulate the tidal flows and storm surges in the Bristol Channel.
In the tidal resonance study, a small two-dimensional model has been developed using the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) version of ADCIRC programme. We first vary the frequency on the on the ocean boundary of the model and examine at which frequency the model is mostly excited. Secondly we apply a wind disturbance to the model and analyse the frequency at which it resonates. We also examine the sensitivity of these results to the bed friction and changes in the tidal amplitude on the boundary or the sea water level.
There are two main methods for estimating future changes in storm-surge heights: statistical analysis and dynamical modelling, and in this thesis we use both. Firstly the occurrence and severity of storm surge events in the Bristol Channel over the period 1961-2015 are examined by analysing field data derived from tide gauges at five key locations along the north and south coasts of the channel. then we explore the storm surges numerically on a large two-dimensional model using the continuous Galerkin (CG) version of ADCIRC. Different wind strengths and wind directions are considered, and the interactions between surge and tides are investigated. A reconstruction of the 30th January 1607 event in the Bristol Channel is also provided at the end of this study to further explore the physics of storm surges in the Channel.

Advisor: Adock, T
High-spin impurities and surface acoustic waves in piezoelectric crystals for spin-lattice coupling

In this thesis we investigate various aspects of SAW devices and strain sensitive spin species in ZnO and LiNbO3 for coupling surface acoustic waves to spin ensembles.
Firstly, we performed a series of ESR experiments exploring the potential of Fe3+ impurities in ZnO for spin-lattice coupling. This spin system has already been identified as a high potential quantum technology component due to its long coherence time. We show that the system also has good properties for spin-lattice coupling experiments, with a strain-coupling parameter G33 = 280 ± 5GHz/strain, which is about 16 times larger than the largest reported for NV centres in diamond. We found that the LEFE effect as well as the spin Hamiltonian parameter D have a linear temperature dependence. As the relative change in each coincide, this strongly supports the notion that the modification of D by an electric field is a multiplicative effect rather than an additive one, D = D0(1 + κΕ). The LEFE coefficient we measured is several times larger for Fe3+:ZnO than for Mn2+:ZnO.
Secondly, we have fabricated and characterised SAW devices on bulk ZnO crystals and Fe doped lithium niobate. We found that the nominally pure ZnO was conductive at room temperature due to n-type intrinsic doping, and electrical losses inhibited any transmission through a SAW delay line above T = 200K. The one-port resonator measured down to milli-Kelvin temperatures showed excellent quality factors of up to Q &sime; 1.5 × 105 in its superconducting state.
Finally, we performed a surface acoustic wave spin resonance (SAWSR) experiment using a one-port SAW resonator fabricated on Fe2+:LN. We observed a clear signal at T &sime; 25 K, at a field near the expected one for a Δms = 2 transition between the |−1〉 and |+1〉 states. We concluded it to be a transition induced by acoustic coupling since the signal intensity did not tend to zero when the magnetic field was parallel to the crystal anisotropy axis. Furthermore, this tells us that the coupling is due to a modulation of the E zero-field splitting parameter rather than D. We investigated the dependence on microwave power and found the saturation limit. We performed a measurement of Fe3+:LN as well to reassure ourselves that the resonance is not magnetically excited by the field around the IDT.

Keywords: Surface acoustic wave
Spin
Advisor: Leek, P
Ardavan, A
On the identifiability of highly parameterised models of physical processes

This thesis is concerned with drawing out high-level insight from otherwise complex mathematical models of physical processes. This is achieved through detailed analysis of model behaviour as constituent parameters are varied. A particular focus is the well-posedness of parameter estimation from noisy data, and its relationship to the parametric sensitivity properties of the model. Other topics investigated include the verification of model performance properties over large ranges of parameters, and the simplification of models based upon their response to parameter perturbation. Several methodologies are proposed, which account for various model classes. However, shared features of the models considered include nonlinearity, parameters with considerable scope for variability, and experimental data corrupted by significant measurement uncertainty.
We begin by considering models described by systems of nonlinear ordinary differen- tial equations with parameter dependence. Model output, in this case, can only be obtained by numerical integration of the relevant equations. Therefore, assessment of model behaviour over tracts of parameter space is usually carried out by repeated model simulation over a grid of parameter values. We instead reformulate this as- sessment as an algebraic problem, using polynomial programming techniques. The result is an algorithm that produces parameter-dependent algebraic functions that are guaranteed to bound user-defined aspects of model behaviour over parameter space.
We then consider more general classes of parameter-dependent model. A theoretical framework is constructed through which we can explore the duality between model sensitivity to non-local parameter perturbations, and the well-posedness of parameter estimation from significantly noisy data. This results in an algorithm that can uncover functional relations on parameter space over which model output is insensitive and parameters cannot be estimated. The methodology used derives from techniques of nonlinear optimal control. We use this algorithm to simplify benchmark models from the systems biology literature. Specifically, we uncover features such as fast-timescale subsystems and redundant model interactions, together with the sets of parameter values over which the features are valid.
We finally consider parameter estimation in models that are acknowledged to im- perfectly describe the modelled process. We show that this invalidates standard statistical theory associated with uncertainty quantification of parameter estimates. Alternative theory that accounts for this situation is then developed, resulting in a computationally tractable approximation of the covariance of a parameter estimate with respect to noise-induced fluctuation of experimental data.

Keywords: Structural Unidentifiability
Covariance quantification
Practical Unidentifiability
Region-of-attraction analysis
Advisor: Papachristodoulou, A
Anderson, J
Variational models in martensitic phase transformations with applications to steels

This thesis concerns the mathematical modelling of phase transformations with a special emphasis on martensitic phase transformations and their application to the modelling of steels.
In Chapter 1, we develop a framework that determines the optimal transformation strain between any two Bravais lattices and use it to give a rigorous proof of a conjecture by E.C. Bain in 1924 on the optimality of the so-called Bain strain.
In Chapter 2, we review the Ball-James model and related concepts. We present some simplification of existing results.
In Chapter 3, we pose a conjecture for the explicit form of the quasiconvex hull of the three tetragonal wells, known as the three-well problem. We present a new approach to finding inner and outer bounds.
In Chapter 4, we focus on highly compatible, so called self-accommodating, martensitic structures and present new results on their fine properties such as estimates on their minimum complexity and bounds on the relative proportion of each martensitic variant in them.
In Chapter 5, we investigate the contrary situation when self-accommodating microstructures do not exist. We determine, whether in this situation, it is still energetically favourable to nucleate martensite within austenite. By constructing different types of inclusions, we find that the optimal shape of an inclusion is flat and thin which is in agreement with experimental observation.
In Chapter 6, we introduce a mechanism that identifies transformation strains with orientation relationships. This mechanism allows us to develop a simpler, strain-based approach to phase transformation models in steels. One novelty of this approach is the derivation of an explicit dependence of the orientation relationships on the ratio of tetragonality of the product phase.
In Chapter 7, we establish a correspondence between common phenomenological models for steels and the Ball-James model. This correspondence is then used to develop a new theory for the (5 5 7) lath transformation in low-carbon steels. Compared to existing theories, this new approach requires a significantly smaller number of input parameters. Furthermore, it predicts a microstructure morphology which differs from what is conventionally believed.

Keywords: Bain strain
Nishiyama-Wassermann
Laminates
lattice transformation
fcc-to-bcc
least atomic movement
non-classical interfaces
lath martensite
twinned martensite
Pitsch
tetragonal
Kurdjumov-Sachs
Quasiconvexity
martensite
Relaxation
austenite
Terephthalic Acid
non-linear elasticity
Bravais lattices
orientation relationships
twins within twins
transformation strain
self-accommodation
double shear theories
volume fractions
(557) habit planes
microstructure
austenite martensite interfaces
Greninger-Troiano
steel
Advisor: Ball, J
The electrochemistry of metalloenzymes confined in ionic liquids

Enzymes are superb catalysts with high selectivity and catalytic efficiency. Ionic liquids have negligible volatility, good electric conductivity, and high thermal and chemical stability, which are powerful electrolytes for electrochemical processes. To understand how to apply enzymatic catalysis in ionic liquids to carbon-neutral technologies, this thesis investigates the electrochemical properties of three metalloenzymes that are inspirational catalysts for fuel cells and CO2 reduction in an almost dry condition in ionic liquids, by protein film electrochemistry (PFE).
Hydrogenase-1 from Escherichia coli (Hyd-1) catalyses H2 oxidation at turnover frequencies ca. 100 s–1. Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) is commercially available and catalyses the four-electron O2 reduction at a lower overpotential than Pt and at turnover frequencies ca. 100 s–1. Each enzyme was immobilized on a carbon electrode that contacts an aqueous microvolume (1-2 μL) surrounded by a hydrophobic ionic liquid. Separately, the enzymes display excellent electrocatalytic activity: brought together at a synaptic junction, an anode and cathode modified with each enzyme constitute a membrane-less fuel that produces over 0.8 V when equilibrated with 96 % H2-4 % O2. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans I (CODH ICh) shows considerable electrocatalytic activity in tiny aqueous shell confined by EMIMTFSI saturated with CO2. CO2 is exceptionally soluble in ionic liquids, which are practical for CO2 uptake, capture and storage. CO2 reduction and CO oxidation electrocatalysed by CODH ICh occurred at the same time in the tiny aqueous shell, according to cyclic voltammetry. Finally, a steady state was achieved.

Advisor: Armstrong, F
Improving the outcomes of kidney transplantation from deceased organ donors

This thesis sought to improve our understanding of how kidneys become injured as a consequence of organ donation, with the aim of improving the outcomes of transplantation. Every year, hundreds of patients on the waiting list die whilst awaiting a kidney transplant. With an ever-increasing demand for suitable organs, supply cannot keep up with the pressures on the transplant waiting list. As a consequence the transplant community are forced to use organs that previously would not have been considered suitable for transplant, including from older donors with additional comorbidities. This thesis aimed to develop an understanding as to how the kidney becomes injured during the donation process, identifying which key cellular homeostatic processes are disturbed as a consequence of donation.
The thesis outlines the experimental development of rodent models of organ donation replicating the donation process for donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors and also the development of a kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model. Proteomics was subsequently used to identifying global protein alterations in the kidney as a consequence of brain death and ischemia reperfusion injury using bioinformatics tools to identify involvement of cellular pathways. The results indicated alterations in mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis occurring following brain death.
Alterations in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function were then confirmed using metabolomics and mitochondrial functional assays. I subsequently evaluated how alterations in cellular hypoxia and the hypoxia inducible factor system is altered in the brain dead organ donor kidney and aimed to target this system as a means of conditioning the brain dead organ donor to prevent mitochondrial and metabolic mediated injury to kidney cells following brain death. This involved exploring the role of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, including dimethyloxalylglycine, on mitochondrial function and whether this could be a therapeutic target in organ donation.
This thesis provides important insights into the mechanism of injury of kidneys following brain death, providing evidence that even before procurement and preservation in the DBD donor alterations in mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis occur. I provide preliminary data on the use of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in altering mitochondrial function. I also outline my involvement in other ongoing projects in organ donation and machine perfusion that also aim to improve the outcomes of deceased donor kidney and liver transplantation.

Keywords: organ donation
brain death
kidney transplant
hypoxia inducible factor
hypoxia
liver transplant
Advisor: Pugh, C
Ploeg, R
Fuggle, S
A crisis of democratic accountability: public libel law and the checking function of the press

This thesis undertakes a comparative analysis of public libel law in the United States, Australia, Britain, New Zealand, and Canada. It is comprised of nine chapters structured around four interrelated themes. Part A introduces the problem of public libel law. After outlining its main sources and principles in our five comparators, Chapter One concludes by highlighting a more troubling concern than presently acknowledged in constitutional law scholarship. That is, the recent liberalisation of public libel doctrine appears to have happened without any 'selection theory' to justify its doctrinal variability. Chapter Two then surveys two methodological barriers to principled public libel regulation before reviewing Alexander Meiklejohn's 'self-governance' rationale and Vincent Blasi's 'checking value' of the press, the two democratic models anchoring our present enquiry.
Part B provides a comprehensive comparative law analysis of public libel doctrine. Chapters Three, Four, and Five reveal that its foremost deficiency is a pervasive disregard of accountability concerns and the checking function of the press. Part C responds with a new approach for addressing the theoretical and comparative law errors revealed in Parts A and B, and for reintroducing the checking function into public libel jurisprudence. Chapter Six identifies the root of public libel law's undertheorising in the complex relationships between democracy, representation, and accountability. Chapter Seven then proposes an innovative analytical framework for improving the design and customisation of public libel doctrine based on recent advances in public accountability theory.
Part D tests our revised analytical framework by applying it to the United Kingdom and its newly-updated public libel doctrine. After reviewing Britain's accountability profile in Chapter Eight, Chapter Nine then provides our project's law reform recommendations. I conclude by emphasising the relevance of the present-day 'crisis of journalism' and the broader significance of contextual challenges to prospective public libel law reforms.

Advisor: Young, A