VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Revolutionary terror campaigns in Addis Ababa, 1976-1978

Between 1976 and 1978, urban Ethiopia became a site of collective violence. Rival campaigns of revolutionary terror were fought out, most notably in the capital city of Addis Ababa. Opposition forces launched targeted assassinations against the military regime and its collaborators, prompting the latter to widen early campaigns of repression into one of the most brutal reigns of state terror in modern Africa. Tens of thousands of Ethiopians, most of them young and many educated, lost their lives. Thousands more were systematically tortured or otherwise abused. Many escaped to the countryside or fled abroad, invigorating rural insurgencies and generating the country's first permanent diaspora. The Terror effected deep changes in Ethiopian state and society, as well as in relations between them. This thesis analyses the social and political history of this revolutionary violence. It brings materials familiar to scholars of modern Ethiopia together with new sources, from oral interviews to international archives. On the basis of these sources, the dynamics and aftereffects of the Ethiopian Terror are examined. Urban Ethiopia's revolutionary violence is shown to have been jointly produced by supralocal decision makers and by local actors, shaped by centrally imposed structures as much as by locally moulded operational cultures. Geo-political alliances in the context of the global Cold War had profound effects on the mode of violence on the ground. Underpinning this violence were evolving social processes and narratives that legitimised terror campaigns and depersonalised opponents. Unveiling these dynamics of violence, this thesis traces the changes in the Terror’s forms and agents. The mode of state-instigated violence shifted significantly: it transitioned from unsystematic repression before February 1977 to a phase of decentralisation that lasted until July 1977, during which the means of state violence were devolved to local actors. It culminated in a centrally coordinated campaign of terror in late 1977 and early '78, which inscribed institutional structures and practices of collective violence into the state bureaucracy. Opposition violence, meanwhile, moved into the opposite direction, becoming increasingly localised and less subject to centralised control. Having surveyed these defining dynamics of revolutionary violence, the thesis traces their subsequent trajectories, highlighting the enduring repercussions of the Terror's legacies and of its contested memorialisation process for Ethiopian politics and society.

Advisor: Anderson, D
'The silver cord': male labours in Hemingway

This thesis considers Hemingway’s engagement with childbirth in three separate but interrelated ways. The first is imitation of the ordeal, which he most closely enacts in his ritual engagement with fishing. The second is the interaction of male characters with actual childbirth, and how male characters, specifically doctors and fathers, react to birthing mothers and try to control the event. By managing the pain and the consciousness birthing mothers feel, male interference distorts the significance of the event for the mother. The third chapter considers Hemingway’s metaphorical identification as a birthing mother in his conception of his own writing process. Writers have traditionally referred to their books as ‘brainchildren,’ and using the method of examining colloquial metaphors proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Metaphors We Live By (Lakoff [1980] 2003), we witness the extension of the metaphor to the writing and editing process by Hemingway. Fishing was more than an escape from writing for Hemingway – it was a vital part of his writing process. Fishing becomes a ritualistic engagement with the metaphor of birth, and birth becomes a metaphorical perspective of his writing process, and Hemingway engages continuously in both throughout his writing career.

Keywords: childbirth
pain
fishing
Hemingway
editing
Advisor: Purkiss, D
Structure-based mutational analysis of S. Pombep13suc1

p13suc1 from schizosaccharomyces pombe is a member of a family of non-enzymatic cell cycle regulatory proteins called CKS for Cyclin-Dependent kinases Subunit. Other members of this family include CKS1 (S. cerevisiae), CksHsl and CksHs2 (Homo sapiens). The CDKs (CDK1-CDK8) for Cyclin-Dependent Kinases are a class of Ser/Thr kinases that regulate the cell cycle. The suc1+ gene was initially identified as a seppresor of certain CDKl temperature sensitive mutations. Despite the wealth of crystallographic models available plus ample - albeit, sometimes conflicting - evidence from genetics and biochemical studies, an account of the exact physiological role of the CKS proteins remains an elusive goal. In a quest to identify the residues and hence the particular surface region involved in mediating protein-protein interactions with CDK2,1 employed the X-ray structure of Suc1 at 2.7A resolution as guide for a site-specific mutagenesis study. Comparative biochemical and biophysical characterisation of Suc1 and the mutants led to the conclusion that isoleucine-94 and Leucine-96 (located in the hydrophobic patch) are involved in mediating protein-protein interactions with GST-CDK2. This conclusion has since been confirmed by the publication of the X-ray structure of monomeric CksHs1l in a complex with CDK2 by Bourne et al., 1996 (Cell 84: 863-874). An extension of the mutational study to test the hypothesis that Suc1 may utilise conserved residues at the anion-binding site to mediate protein-protein interactions with the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is described. X-ray data has been collected on wild type Suc1 crystals at 100K to 2.3Å resolution. The structure has been resolved and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 22.6%. S. pombe Suc1 exists as a zinc-stabilised, non strand-exchanged dimer in both the 2.1Å and 2.3Å models. Structural analyses of two Suc1 folding mutants are also presented. The cyclins (A - H) are positive regulatory subunits of CDKs. They share a high degree of homology over a region of about 100 amino acid residues called the "cyclin box". The determination of the crystal structure of cyclin A3 (an N-terminal truncated version of bovine cyclin A) and a CDK2-cyclin A3 complex by other workers has revealed the mechanism of activation of CDKs by cyclins. In S. pombe, the CDKl-cyclin B heterodimeric complex constitutes the mitotic kinase. In order to understand the specificity underlying the CDK-cyclin interaction, I embarked on a structural study of S. pombe cyclin B and CDK1. Both full- length proteins have proven intractable to attempts to overproduce them in a soluble form in E. coli for crystallisation studies. A truncated version of cyclin B (similar to cyclin A3) was designed, cloned and overproduced in E. coli. The cyclin B3 protein was directed into inclusion bodies as insoluble aggregates. Extensive attempts - both in vivo and in vitro - to produce a soluble cyclin B3 proved unsuccessful. Finally, an E. coli co-expression system designed to overproduce CDK1-cyclin A3, CDK1-cyclin B3, CDK1-cyclin B and CDK1-Suc1 complexes is described.
Investigating the chemistry of cationic rhodium bisphosphine complexes: comparing reactivity in the solid state with solution

This thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of a series of cationic rhodium bis-phosphine complexes. The reactivity of these new complexes in the solid-state and in solution is reported.
In Chapter 2 the synthesis of a series of rhodium bis-phosphine diene complexes is presented and the reactions of these complexes with hydrogen in the solid-state are investigated. Several examples of zwitterionic complexes coordinating the [BArF4]─ anion are produced by hydrogenation. A rare example of a sigma-alkane complex, [Rh(iBu2PCH2CH2PiBu2)(eta2-CH-eta2-CH-NBA][BArF4]─
iBu2PCH2CH2PiBu2)(eta2-CH-eta2-CH-NBE][BArF4] may form as a short lived intermediate prior to the formation of the sigma-alkane complex. The temporal evolution of the solid-state hydrogenation reactions is monitored by powder X-ray diffraction methods.
In Chapter 3 the C−X activation of various aryl halides using the [Rh(iBu2PCH2CH2PiBu2)]+ fragment is reported. The 'ligand innocence' of the phosphine with respect to intramolecular C−H activation is also discussed. A rare example of C−X activation in the solid-state is presented, which shows the formation of an isomer that is not observed by analogous solution routes.
Chapter 4 investigates solid-state ligand exchange reactions using ethene, butadiene, CO and NH3 gases. A solid-state transfer dehydrogenation reaction is reported within single crystals of [Rh(iBu2PCH2CH2PiBu2)(C2H4)2][BArF4]. H/D exchange of NH3 can also occur in the solid state in the bis-ammonia complex [Rh(iBu2PCH2CH2PiBu2)(NH3)2][BArF4]. A variety of rhodium complexes are tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of ethene and the isomerisation of butene.
In Chapter 5 the binding affinity of a variety of fluorinated arenes to rhodium bis-phosphine fragments is presented using ESI-MS methods. The dependence upon the arene substituents, phosphine substituents and phosphine bite angle are discussed.

Keywords: Catalysis
Organometallic
Alkane complex
Arene complex
Solid state
Rhodium
Phosphine
Advisor: Weller, A
Generation of squeezed light in semiconductors

We present experimental studies based on all three methods by which the generation of squeezed light in semiconductors has thus far been demonstrated experimentally: Fourwave mixing, multi-photon absorption and direct generation at the source.
Four-wave mixing was used to generate femtosecond-pulsed quadrature squeezed light by cross-phase modulation in single-crystal hexagonal CdSe at wavelengths between 1.42 and 1.55 μm. We measured 0.4 dB squeezing (1.1 dB is inferred at the crystal) using 100 fs pulses. The wavelength and the intensity dependence, as well as variations in the local oscillator configuration were investigated. At higher intensities squeezing was shown to deteriorate owing to competing nonlinear processes. We also characterised the nonlinear optical properties of CdSe in this wavelengths range using an interferometric autocorrelator. In addition, we studied the feasibility of extending this technique to AlGaAs waveguides. The key problems are addressed and solutions are proposed.
In a different experiment we used an AlGaAs waveguide to demonstrate for the first time photon-number squeezing by multi-photon absorption. By tuning the pump energy through the half bandgap energy we could effectively select two- or three-photon absorption as the dominant mechanism. Squeezing by these two mechanisms could be clearly distinguished and was found to be in good agreement with longstanding theoretical predictions. We also established the generality of the effect, by demonstrating the same mechanism in organic semiconductors, where it led to the first ever observation of squeezed light in an organic material.
Finally, we present our measurements of photon-number squeezing in high-efficiency double heterojunction AlGaAs light-emitting diodes. We measured squeezing of up to 2.0 dB. In addition, we observed quantum noise correlations when several of these devices were connected in series.
Topics in analytic number theory

In this thesis we prove several results in analytic number theory.
1. We show that there exist 3-digit palindromic primes in base b for a set of b having density 1 and that if b is sufficiently large then there is a 3
-digit palindrome in base b having precisely two prime factors.
2. We prove various estimates for averages of sums of Kloosterman fractions over primes. The first of these improves previous results of Fouvry-Shparlinski and Baker.
3. By using the q-analogue of van der Corput's method to estimate short Kloosterman sums we study the divisor function in an arithmetic progression to modulus q. We show that the expected asymptotic formula holds for a larger range of q than was previously known, provided that q has a certain factorisation.
4 Let ‖x‖ denote the distance from x to the nearest integer. We show that for any irrational α and any ϴ< 8/23 there are infinitely many n which are the product of two primes for which ‖nalpha‖ ≤ n -ϴ.
5. By establishing an improved level of distribution we study almost-primes of the form f(p,n) where f is an irreducible binary form over Z.
6. We show that for an irreducible cubic f ? Z[x] and a full norm form mathbfN
for a number field K/Q
, satisfying certain hypotheses, the variety
f(t)=mathbfN(x1,ldots,xk)e0
satisfies the Hasse principle. Our proof uses sieve methods.

Keywords: Analytic number theory
Advisor: Heath-Brown, D
The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat as a radiosensitiser in bladder cancer

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a poor prognosis. Currently, therapy consists of radical radiotherapy or cystectomy with or without chemotherapy. The average age of patients with MIBC is high and older patients are less able to tolerate surgery or chemoradiation due to their impaired physical fitness and generally poor renal function. There is an urgent need to find new treatment regimes that are both tolerable and effective.
The HDAC inhibitor panobinostat was found to be toxic in the low nanomolar range and significant radiosensitising effects were demonstrated at doses lower than IC50 in all the bladder cell lines studied. The radiosensitising effect of panobinostat was not influenced by TP53 status, which is generally regarded as an important determinant of bladder cancer response to radiotherapy. In the “synthetic lethality” bladder cancer cell model, panobinostat predominantly targets the HR pathway, reportedly the only proficient DNA repair pathway in MIBC. HR proteins RAD51 and CtIP were downregulated upon panobinostat treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Upstream, MRE11 and NBS1 proteins were also targeted by panobinostat, with levels slightly decreased in RT112 and T24 cells and in CAL29 cells post-ionising radiation.
In summary, the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat was shown to be an efficient radiosensitiser in bladder cancer cells at low toxic doses and to predominantly target the HR pathway. These findings are promising and may contribute towards establishing a novel combination therapy of panobinostat with IR for MIBC patients.

Keywords: panobinostat
bladder cancer
HDAC inhibitors
radiosensitisation
Advisor: Kiltie, A
Kerr, M
Ceramic processing of magnesium diboride

This thesis describes the fabrication and characterization of ex situ magnesium diboride (MgB2) bulk material to study its sintering behaviour. Since the discovery of superconductivity in magnesium diboride in 2001, many research studies have identified the attractive properties of this easy-to-fabricate, low cost superconductor which can attain high critical current density even without heat-treatment. However there is little consensus in the literature on the processing requirements to produce high quality MgB2 material with low impurity content and high density. In this work, the key parameters in the production of dense ex situ MgB2 produced from Alfa Aesar MgB2 powder are established by examining the effect of modifying the characteristics of the starting material and the processing parameters during pressureless and pressure assisted heat-treatment.
The particle size distribution, impurity content and particle morphology of Alfa Aesar MgB2 powder were determined using laser dffraction, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This powder was also modified by separation (sieving and sedimentation) and milling (ball milling and attrition milling), with changes made to the powder determined by the same techniques.
A pressureless heat-treatment method using a magnesium diboride powder bed was developed. This minimised MgO formation in samples produced from as-purchased MgB2 powder to less than 8 wt.% for heat-treatment at 1100°C. MgO content was determined by X-ray diffraction using calibrated standards. MgB2 bulk material was produced from as-purchased and modified powders by pressureless heat-treatment under Ar gas, and characterized using Archimedes' density method, X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetization measurements. Very limited densification was observed for all samples prepared by pressureless heat-treatment, with only limited increases in connectivity observed for some samples heat-treated at 1100°C.
Pressure-assisted bulk samples were prepared from as-purchased MgB2 and selected modified powders using resistive sintering, spark plasma sintering, and hot pressing. These were characterized using the same techniques, which indicated much more extensive densification with similar levels of impurity formation as for pressureless heat-treatment at 1100°C. The results indicate that densification and applied pressure are strongly correlated, while the effect of temperature is less significant. The optimum processing environment (inert gas or vacuum) was dependent on the technique used. These results indicate that pressure-assisted heat-treatment is required in order to produce dense bulk MgB2.

Keywords: superconductivity
magnesium diboride
ceramic processing
ceramics
Advisor: Grovenor, C
Todd, R
Regulation of resource allocation during reproductive growth in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh

The abi3-1 mutant causes moderate perturbation of seed metabolism relative to wild-type seeds, so offering a distinct and discrete treatment for use in experiments investigating regulation of allocation between sources and sinks. abi3-1 plants continue to initiate new flowers, and hence siliques, for longer than wild-type plants. Total rates of carbon assimilation in the short-term were the same in both genotypes during early reproductive growth. This rate fell to 50-70 % in wild-type plants during later reproductive growth, but did not change in the mutant, consistent with delayed senescence of cauline leaves in abi3-1 plants. It was found that restriction of carbon and/or nitrogen availability restricted growth in both genotypes, and abolished the mutant phenotype. Specific leaf areas increased under shading and decreased when nitrate was limiting. Reduction in nitrate limitation from 90 to 80 % was considerably less limiting for wild-type plant growth, but remained grossly limiting for abi3-1 plants. In previously non-acclimatised plants of both genotypes, no difference was found in assimilation and allocation of 14C-radiolabel supplied at 200 ppm CO 2. 800 ppm CO 2 similarly had no effect on the wild-type, but caused abolition or inversion of normal source-sink relationships in abi3-1 plants. A significantly large amount of radiolabel was initially incorporated into starch in all tissues in abi3-1 plants, and later moved into the water soluble fraction in each tissue, most likely as sucrose. It is proposed that resource allocation is regulated by competition for resources between sinks maintaining sucrose concentration gradients in the phloem, and that sucrose is both the transport and signalling molecule in the mechanism described. No difference in concentration of sucrose in tissues was found between genotypes, but it was found that mutant siliques imported [U-14C]glucose into siliques significantly more slowly from the phloem than wild-type siliques. In conclusion, abi3-1 seeds may be seen as having reduced capacity for growth which causes stimulation of floral meristem development by feedback of sucrose in the phloem. Silique initiation is thereby prolonged, creating a demand for assimilates that delays cauline leaf senescence.

Advisor: Hill, S
Income distribution in models for developing countries

At the core of the theoretical part of this thesis is a review of recent attempts at incorporating income distribution in economy-wide models. Most existing models are very detailed and complex but the mechanisms which dominate the results are simple and determined by conveniently extreme assumptions about prices and wages. Typically, prices are either all rigid or all flexible; the treatment of agriculture is unsatisfactory; and dualism in the labour market is ignored. A convincing case for the alleged insensitivity of the distribution of income to policy interventions can not be based on these models.
The major part of the thesis describes two models, for Tanzania and Kenya, and their results. In the first model the emphasis is on the effects of migration and economic growth on the urban income distribution. It describes an economy in which neither prices nor wages respond to changes in market conditions. Distinctive features of the Kenya model include its submodel for smallholder agriculture, educational 'bumping' in the labour market and its emphasis on trade and pricing policies.
The models are used to estimate the effects of policies (wages, trade, pricing, investment allocation, land redistribution) on growth and income distribution. The results contradict some of the conventional wisdom about the two countries. The models explicitly recognise a number of market imperfections, especially in the labour market, which are crucial in determining distributional changes but which are usually ignored in modelling. The results reveal a greater sensitivity of the distribution of income to changes in policies than has been found with some other models.
Statistical models for neuroimaging meta-analytic inference

A statistical meta-analysis combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses, thus increasing the power and reliability of the inference. Meta-analytic methods are over 50 years old and play an important role in science; pooling evidence from many trials to provide answers that any one trial would have insufficient samples to address. On the other hand, the number of neuroimaging studies is growing dramatically, with many of these publications containing conflicting results, or being based on only a small number of subjects. Hence there has been increasing interest in using meta-analysis methods to find consistent results for a specific functional task, or for predicting the results of a study that has not been performed directly. Current state of neuroimaging meta-analysis is limited to coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA), i.e., using only the coordinates of activation peaks that are reported by a group of studies, in order to "localize" the brain regions that respond to a certain type of stimulus. This class of meta-analysis suffers from a series of problems and hence cannot result in as accurate results as desired.
In this research, we describe the problems that existing CBMA methods are suffering from and introduce a hierarchical mixed-effects image-based metaanalysis (IBMA) solution that incorporates the sufficient statistics (i.e., voxel-wise effect size and its associated uncertainty) from each study. In order to improve the statistical-inference stage of our proposed IBMA method, we introduce a nonparametric technique that is capable of adjusting such an inference for spatial nonstationarity. Given that in common practice, neuroimaging studies rarely provide the full image data, in an attempt to improve the existing CBMA techniques we introduce a fully automatic model-based approach that employs Gaussian-process regression (GPR) for estimating the meta-analytic statistic image from its corresponding sparse and noisy observations (i.e., the collected foci). To conclude, we introduce a new way to approach neuroimaging meta-analysis that enables the analysis to result in information such as “functional connectivity” and networks of the brain regions’ interactions, rather than just localizing the functions.

Keywords: Gaussian processes
neuroimaging
FMRI
pain perception
neuroscience
parametric and nonparametric inference
Bayesian inference
meta-analysis
Advisor: Smith, S
Nichols, T