VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The jet energy scale uncertainty derived from Gamma-jet events for small and large radius jets and the calibration and performance of variable R Jets with the ATLAS Detector 

In this thesis the jet energy scale uncertainty of small and large radius jets at the ATLAS detector is evaluated in-situ using gamma-jet events. The well calibrated photon in the gamma-jet events is used to probe the energy scale of the jets. The studies of the jet energy scale of small radius jets are performed using 4.7 fb-1 of data collected at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV in 2011.
The gamma-jet methods which were developed are then adapted and applied to large radius jets, using 20.3 fb^-1 of data collected at sqrt{s} = 8 TeV in 2012. The new jet energy scale uncertainties are found to be ~1 % for |eta| < 0.8, rising to 2-3 % for |eta| > 0.8. These uncertainties are significantly lower than the 3-6 % precision which has previously been achieved at ATLAS using track jets as a reference object. Due to the increase in precision, uncertainties due to pile-up and the topology of the jet also had to be evaluated. The total energy scale uncertainties for large radius jets are reduced by ~1-2 % (0.5-1 %) for |eta| < 0.8 (> 0.8). This reduction will be beneficial to analyses using large radius jets and it is specifically shown to benefit the t-tbar resonance search in the semi-leptonic channel. The t-tbar search looks for events with two top quarks in the final state, where one decays leptonically and the other hadronically. The hadronically decaying top quark is reconstructed using a large radius jet, and the jet energy scale uncertainty is a dominant source of uncertainty in the analysis.
In addition to the studies of the jet energy scale of large radius jets, the first derivation of a calibration, and jet energy scale uncertainties derived with gamma-jet events, are shown for Variable R jets. The Variable R jet algorithm is a new type of jet algorithm with a radius that is inversely proportional to the size of the jet, making it useful for the study of high momentum top quarks. It is shown that similar methods can be used to calibrate and assess the uncertainties of Variable R jets as are used for standard, fixed radius jets at the ATLAS detector, although some adaptations will be necessary. The studies provide a basis for the calibration of Variable R jets in the future.

Keywords: jet uncertainties
jet substructure
LHC
jets
calibration
ATLAS
variable R jets
Advisor: Issever, C
A study of moderately underexpanded single and twinjet rocket exhaust plumes in quiescent and in a mach 7 hypersonic freestream

Rocket plume flowfields have an importance due to their influence on the signature of the rocket and also on the distribution of the plume gases around the vehicle. Little information on the co-flowing situation exists other than a previous study at Oxford. This thesis thus represents a significant database for co-flowing rocket plumes of this form. The work presented deals with two new aspects of co- flowing rocket plumes in that detailed flowfield measurements have been made and plumes from twin nozzle have been investigated for the first time in this thesis. This study on twinjet rocket plumes was carried out using the University of Oxford Gun Tunnel. Twinjet rockets with nozzle exit Mach numbers of 3 and 5 were tested in quiescent and in co-flow at Mach 7 using nitrogen and hydrogen injections. A major feature of the twinjet case was the so-called impingement shock between the flows from the two nozzles. It was discovered that this shock was insensitive to the freestream and scaling parameters are suggested for its geometry. Comparisons with single equivalent thrust nozzles are made at downstream locations and similar Pitot pressure profiles were observed for nitrogen injection in a nitrogen freestream after approximately 3 nozzle diameters downstream. Shear layers were studied and fluctuations in this region were measured by fast-response Pitot pressure and heat transfer probes sampled at 1.1 MHz. The extent of the shear layer was deduced using a new Oxford Total Temperature Probe. With the freestream stagnation temperature at approximately 650 K and injected gas at 350 K, a linear variation for the deduced total temperature across the shear layer was obtained. This was consistent with the Pitot pressure variations across this region. Convective heat transfer coefficient fluctuations and flow total temperature fluctuations across rocket flowiields were obtained using three thin-film heat transfer probes and found to be closely correlated. Experimental results for the twinjet and the single jet were compared with CFD simulations and good overall agreements were achieved. Instrumentation for the hypersonic experiments was investigated and a fast-response (~ 20 kHz) Pitot probe suited for flows heavily contaminated with particulate was developed and tested.
Aspects of structural design with glass

Glass is being increasingly used as a structural material. In particular, its favourable aesthetic qualities have made it popular with modern designers. The most recent developments have seen glass being used as major structural elements such as beams and columns. From the engineering viewpoint these new applications present a series of design problems which need to be addressed before a coherent and safe design philosophy can be achieved. To date there has been much work on out-of-plane loading of glass, and in-plane loading of traditional materials is well described. However, there is little published advice on design for long term, in-plane loading of glass. In reality engineers have been borrowing design concepts from the two former areas to try and satisfy the latter. In this thesis it is demonstrated that this is not satisfactory, and a new “Crack Size Design” method is proposed. Novel contact and fracture mechanics techniques are developed in the course of this thesis, which may also be applied to more general engineering problems. Of particular interest is the evaluation of the stress intensity factors for closed edge cracks in a half plane, and a description of their growth in a bulk compressive stress field. These techniques are used in an investigation of contact loading. Contact stresses are particularly important to glass design as glass is unable to flow plastically to relieve high local stresses. Hence “soft” interlayers are often inserted between the glass and the contacting material to facilitate stress redistribution. The problem of a rigid, square-ended punch loading glass via a perfectly linear elastic or rigid plastic interlayer is analysed. The results for an edge crack under such loading conditions are then investigated and incorporated into the newly derived Crack Size Design philosophy.

Keywords: glass
Advisor: Hills, D
Houlsby, G
The bipolar phenotype: behavioural and neurobiological characteristics

Background: Adolescence and young adulthood are particularly vulnerable periods for the development of mental health disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). Mental health screening at universities could aid in the early identification of particularly at- risk individuals, with the long-term aim of providing early treatment interventions to improve clinical outcomes. However, further research into the identification of appropriate behavioral and biological markers for vulnerability to psychiatric disorders – as well as into the acceptability and efficacy of mental health screening - is warranted.
Methods: Young adults were recruited via an already existing Internet-based mental health screening survey of undergraduate students at the University of Oxford. In Study 1, qualitative interviews of young adults with and without previous mental health problems were conducted to assess the acceptability and efficacy of mental health screening within a university setting. In Studies 2-5 we explored the hypotheses of altered emotional decision-making, reward processing and neurostructural integrity as behavioral and neurobiological markers for vulnerability to bipolar disorder via the study of young adults with a common bipolar phenotype (BPP) - some of whom meet diagnostic criteria for bipolar II or not-otherwise-specified disorder (BD II/NOS). To that end, we employed a diverse range of methodologies: alcohol challenge (Study 2); neuropsychological task performance (Study 3); functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; Study 4); diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM; Study 5).
Results: Findings from Study 1 suggest that young adults are willing to participate in mental health screening within a university setting, and that such screening may be used to offer subsequent treatment interventions. Taken together, findings from Studies 2 and 4 suggest a general blunted reward response among unmedicated young adults at increased risk for BD during euthymia, and additionally suggest pathophysiological similarities between BD and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) that may provide a causal link between the elevated co-occurrence rates of the two disorders. Finally, findings from Study 5 suggest widespread white matter microstructural alterations – which are likely to be neurodevelopmental in origin – among antipsychotic- and mood-stabilizer naïve young adults with BD II/NOS.
Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis of neurodevelopmental alterations identifiable prior to significant clinical impairment among young adults at increased risk of – or already meeting DSM-IV criteria for – bipolar disorder. They also suggest that young adults in higher education are willing to participate in mental health screening. Future studies should aim to identify more specific markers for individual disorders such as BD.

Keywords: diffusion tensor imaging
voxel-based morphometry
alcohol
bipolar disorder
functional magentic resonance imaging
Advisor: Rogers, R
Goodwin, G
Conceptual and experiential self-focus in eating disorders

This thesis reports five studies investigating cognitive processes in eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. Chapter 1 describes background information about EDs. Chapter 2 reviews cognitive theories of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and discusses how integration of a process-focused framework, originally applied to depression, may advance under-standing of maintaining mechanisms in AN. Chapter 3 reports a focus group with AN patients that explores features of the subjective experience of the disorder. Findings highlight ruminative, avoidant and discrepancy-based thinking: features that are suggested to be indicative of a ‘conceptualising’ mode of processing. Patients’ reports suggest positive effects of a body-mindfulness group, which encourages an alternative, ‘experiential’ mode of processing. Chapter 4 presents data on rumination, experiential avoidance, negative self-beliefs and underlying assumptions in an analogue population and shows elevated levels for ED-concerned individuals on all of these measures. Chapter 5 examines mode of processing effects (conceptual vs. experiential) in an analogue population. Findings show differential stress-induced emotional reactivity, particularly in the ED-concerned group. Chapter 6 investigates mode of processing effects in a sample of AN patients. Results confirm that modes of processing have differential effects on stress-induced emotional reactivity. Chapter 7 presents data from a 10-month follow-up of AN patients. This study shows that changes in ED-symptoms are associated with changes in rumination, avoidance and aspects of schematic thinking. Differential stress-induced reactivity is associated with outcome. Finally, chapter 8 discusses theoretical and clinical implications of this research and the mode of processing framework in EDs, particularly AN, as well describing how future investigations may continue integrating this framework to the study of ED psycho-pathology. The current findings suggest that both cognitive-affective content and the underlying mental processing activity need consideration in cognitive models of EDs.

Keywords: mindfulness
self-regulation
rumination
psychopathology
emotional processing
anorexia nervosa
eating disorders
Advisor: Williams, J
Park, R
Synthesis of highly substituted heterocycles

This thesis is concerned with studies towards the total synthesis of a class of natural products - the oxazolomycins. Attention was focused on the left-hand side triene fragment and right-hand side lactam heterocyclic system.
This thesis describes the synthesis of a racemic terminal phenyl analogue of oxazolomycin A and C, possessing the left-hand side triene geometry as required. A novel truncated pyridine analogue is also described. The molecules represent a racemic total synthesis of analogues of phthoxazolin A and inthomycins B and C. The synthesis is based upon a crucial Stille cross-coupling reaction between stannane and diene iodide fragments. The stannane fragment was synthesised using literature precedented methods and the vinyl halide prepared using a highly stereoselective Wittig, Takai homologation or Stork reaction leading to a variety of ratios of mixtures of Z, E and E, E diene halides. These investigations led to the availability of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3 mixtures of Z, Z, E : Z, E, E left hand side triene fragments possessing the required stereochemistries for oxazolomycin A and C.
Utilising existing methodology developed in the Moloney group, investigations were carried out towards construction of β-keto esters possessing terminal hydroxyl functions, suitable for diastereoselective aldol ring closure. Following extensive protecting group manipulation and N-acylation coupling optimisation, a TIPS protected β-keto acid, existing as predominantly the keto tautomer, was successfully coupled to an oxazolidine heterocycle. This N-acylated oxazolidine upon Dieckmann cyclisation would present an advanced intermediate of opposite configuration (Lserine is used here as a cheaper starting material for the construction of the oxazolidine instead of D-serine) to the oxazolomycin right-hand side.

Advisor: Moloney, M
An investigation into the genetic basis of anxiety

This thesis aimed to investigate the genetic basis of anxiety in mice. The first half describes searches for genetic variation beneath quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and computationally pulls together data from several sources in order to assess how likely each variant is to be responsible for the QTLs. The second half describes the results of the behavioural phenotyping of three knockout mouse models.
Examination of the sequence data beneath anxiety-related QTLs mapped from quasi-outbred mice identified 326 variants across eight inbred mouse strains in the coding and promoter regions beneath a prominent QTL for startle behaviour on murine chromosome 15. Variants in the genes Muc19, Gxylt1 and Kif21a were pinpointed as being most likely to contribute towards the phenotypic variation of that QTL. 12 structural variants (SVs) were also identified across the same strains as being potentially causal for at least one QTL when the search was extended to the whole genome. Testing the association between SV genotype and phenotype in an outbred murine population implied that SVs in the genes Fam110c, Fam117a and Gm6320 had similar phenotypic associations across different populations of mice, although the associations in the outbred mice did not achieve statistical significance.
From the work with the three knockout mouse models, it was concluded that two of the genes, Eps15 and Car2, do affect anxiety in male animals, with Eps15 deficiency reducing anxiety and Car2 deficiency increasing it. The results for the Dstn mouse model were inconclusive. This model may need to be reengineered onto a less anxious background for future testing.
In conclusion, this thesis identified a number of genes and genetic variants, some of which do seem to affect murine anxiety levels. Improved understanding of anxiety in mice will hopefully lead to a better understanding of the causes and treatment of anxiety disorders in humans.

Keywords: Genetics
Mice
Anxiety
Advisor: Flint, J
Bannerman, D
Factors contributing to chondroplasia in degenerate rotator cuff disease

Chondroplasia, the development of cartilage-like characteristics in tendinous tissue, is a form of degeneration found in tendons including those of the rotator cuff. The molecular mechanism of its development is currently unknown. An examination of the features of the torn rotator cuff and the cartilage literature led to the identification of several potential drivers of chondroplasia including cell shape change/actin cytoskeleton and hypoxia. Lovastatin caused actin cytoskeleton disruption and promoted cartilage matrix deposition in the ATDC5 model. It was the most effective member of a panel of cytoskeletal inhibitors, increasing expression of the chondrocytic markers Sox5 and Sox9 and decreasing expression of COL1A1 and COL3A1 in primary human tenocytes. Its effects were dose dependent, reversible by mevalonate addition and long term treatment induced de novo expression of collagen II. Short term hypoxia upregulated VEGF-A and chondrocytic marker gene DEC1 expression but not other chondrocyte markers. Combination treatment with hypoxia did not enhance the effects of lovastatin. These data suggest that modulation of pathways that regulate the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape may alter tenocyte phenotype.

Keywords: lovastatin
hypoxia
actin
ATDC5
cell shape
chondrocyte
tenocyte
tendon
cytoskeleton
phenotype
rotator cuff
chondroplasia
statin
cartilage
Advisor: Carr, AJ
Hulley, PA
Observation of CP violation in B+/- → DK+/- decays

An accurate determination of the angle γ of the Unitary Triangle is one of the most important goals of the LHCb experiment. The LHCb detector is a single-arm spectrometer at the LHC, optimised for beauty and charm flavour physics. As the angle γ is the least experimentally constrained parameter of the Unitary Triangle, its precise experimental determination can be used to test the validity of the Standard Model. The Unitary Triangle phase γ can be extracted in B → DK decays at tree-level, exploiting the interference between b → c(ūs) and b → u(c̄s) transitions. This interference is sensitive to γ and can give measurable charge asymmetries. In particular, γ ≠ 0 is required to produce direct CP violation in B decays and this is the only CP-violating mechanism for the decay of charged B± mesons.
In this thesis, an analysis of CP violation in B± → DK± and B± → Dπ± decays is presented, where the D meson is reconstructed in the two-body final states: K±π∓, K+K−, π+π− and π±K∓. The analysis uses the full 2011 LHCb dataset of 1.0 fb-1, collected from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV. Several CP-related quantities, e.g the ratio of B → DK and B → Dπ branching fractions and their charge asymmetries, are measured via a simultaneous fit to the invariant mass distributions of the modes considered. The suppressed B± → DK± mode is observed for the first time with ≈ 10σ significance. Once all measurements are combined, direct CP violation is established in B± decays with a total significance of 5.8σ.

Keywords: CKM matrix
CP violation
GLW
ADS
particle physics
flavour physics
Advisor: John, M
Official voices of a revolution: a social history of Islamic republican poetry

This thesis is primarily concerned with the literary aspects of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its immediate focus rests on the evolution of the Islamic republican poetic trend, encompassing both the disillusioned and conformist voices that rose to prominence in the course of the 1979 Revolution and their on-going engagement with the ruling political power. In this vein, this thesis investigates the various cultural policies of the state, as well as select political transformations of the past three decades, all of which played a pivotal role in this literary evolution.
The thesis shows how the official poets that emerged during the 1979 Revolution, and which proved significantly active throughout the immediate history subsequent to that event (war with Iraq, the death of Ayatollah Khomeini and the rise and fall of the reform movement), evolved over time and thereby either received political support for their commitment to the state ideology or became gradually excluded from official cultural institutions.
Finally, this thesis reviews the manner in which state strategies have shaped an institutionalised form of poetry that is monitored and reinforced by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic and official cultural authorities. It demonstrates how an innate linking of the project of Islamic republican literature to underlying ideologically defined notions such as 'religious verse', 'legitimate poetry' and 'commitment' was and continues to be an intrinsic part of the literary foundations of the ideological apparatus of the Islamic Republic.

Keywords: politics
Persian poetry
social history of literature
Islamic revolution
ideology
contemporary Iran
Persian literature
1979 revolution
Middle East
poetry
Advisor: Herzig, E
Katouzian, H
Foreign bodies: the prison's place in a global world

This thesis examines the treatment and experiences of foreign national prisoners in England and Wales. It contains two main arguments. First, I contend that dominant prison theories rely on an outmoded understanding of the nation-state, and as a result, tend to ignore the effects of globalisation. Second, I argue that current prison practices reaffirm the boundaries of the British nation-state and promote an exclusionary notion of British citizenship. I conclude that research attuned to the affective, embodied dimensions of incarceration can help criminologists to develop a more ‘global’ perspective on state power.
This argument begins and builds from ethnographic research. As a whole, the thesis is based on more than 200 interviews conducted over the course of a year in and around five men’s prisons in the north, southwest, and center of England. Structurally, it proceeds from a theoretical critique of prison studies, to an ethnographic account of prison life, to a conclusion about the purpose of prison scholarship. Thematically, it focuses on the relationship between identity and imprisonment, and in particular, on the ways in which normative beliefs about race, gender, sexuality, and class get infused in incarceration practices.

Keywords: ethnography
globalisation
immigration detention
prison
Advisor: Bosworth, M