VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Control of Transient Growth Induced Transition in a Zero-pressure Gradient Boundary Layer Using Plasma Actuators

The level of the skin friction drag depends on the boundary layer state, either low, for the laminar case or high for the turbulent case. Flow control is sought to attenuate the streamwise velocity streaks preceding sub-critical bypass transition to turbulence. In addition, the targeted instability is ubiquitous to the self-sustaining wall-bounded turbulence cycle and at the root of the long-term goal of turbulence control. The longer spatial and temporal scales associated with the laminar case make a physical demonstration of a model-based boundary layer flow control more tractable. The effectiveness of control systems is inherently linked to the ability of the actuator to alter the flow to a desired state. Therefore, actuators are a critical enabling technology component in any active flow control system. Arguably, the most important missing technology in boundary layer flow control is effective and robust actuators, which can be readily integrated with an active flow control system. Plasma actuators fulfil these characteristics and are an ideal candidate for the control of the bypass transition instability. In this thesis, the receptivity of the boundary layer to forcing by arrays of plasma actuators capable of producing streamwise streaks was characterized. Following, the transient growth instability was targeted in an open-loop framework to identify the physics of the attenuation mechanism, which was shown to be a linear process. The control loop was then closed with feedback from simultaneous spanwise distributed shear stress sensors. A wavenumber specific control objective was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of feedback for steady disturbance attenuation as well as to provide robustness to off-model conditions. For all cases, the targeted disturbance was reduced by over 94% of its initial energy. The control effectiveness was also validated for quasi-steady forcing by varying the input disturbance level. Ultimately, control of transient growth due to unsteady stochastic excitation is sought, and the dynamic response of the flow to pulsed actuation was studied to support the natural next step in the greater efforts of which this thesis is a critical component.

Keywords: Bypass Transition
Plasma Actuators
Transient Growth
Flow Control
Laminar Boundary Layer
Advisor: Lavoie, Philippe
Measurement of the Inclusive Jet and Dijet Cross Sections using 2010 Data from the ATLAS Detector and Calibration Studies and Simulation of the Atlas Forward Calorimeter

Data collected during the 2003 beam test of the ATLAS Forward Calorimeter has been analysed, and results for the energy resolution and response of the calorimeter are presented. The effect of inactive material placed in the beamline on the detector performance has also been studied. A Monte Carlo simulation of the Forward Calorimeter has also been constructed, and results obtained from this simulation are compared to data, with generally good agreement found between the two. The inclusive jet and dijet cross sections have also been measured using 37 pb^{-1} of data collected at ATLAS during 2010. The kinematic reach of this measurement extends into the forward region of the ATLAS detector, covering rapidities that have not previously been studied at a hadron-hadron collider. This is accomplished through a sophisticated triggering scheme, in which jets in the transition region were selected provided they satisfied either the forward jet trigger or the central jet trigger conditions. The results are compared to theoretical predictions obtained using NLO event generators (NLOJet++ and POWHEG), which generally agree with the measured data.

Keywords: ATLAS
LHC
FCal
Jets
testbeam
QCD
Advisor: Krieger, Peter
Ahimsa and Humility in/for Philosophy of Education Discourse

Peace education has made significant and meaningful contributions to the development and maintenance of social justice based education. This thesis presents the argument that peace education’s adoption of a scientific and logical definition of peace potentially limits the application and effectiveness of peace education’s objectives. More specifically, Johan Galtung has explored and provided a view of peace that insists upon a systematic and delimited definition commonly employed by peace education theorists. In so doing, peace education has adopted an approach to conflict and violence that depends on many of the understandings found in the Enlightenment tradition. Through adopting notions of subjectivity and objectivity found in this tradition, many theories of peace education inadvertently incorporate the very premises to which these theories object. In response, this dissertation seeks to combine the work of Mohandas K. Gandhi and intersubjectivity as found in philosophy of education discourse to offer peace education a philosophical framework in which subjectivity and objectivity are determined through relationship and responsibility to the other, rather than scientific processes and assumptions. In order to demonstrate the benefits of adopting such a framework, this thesis carefully examines Gandhi’s theoretical framework to demonstrate its stark contrast to Enlightenment traditions. It then moves to a discussion of Gandhi’s understanding of Truth, its relationship to ahimsa (literally translated as “to do no harm”), and the impact this relationship has upon one’s responsibility to the other. It then compares and aligns the responsibility to the other found in Gandhi’s work to that found in intersubjectivity discourse and insists upon a notion of humility through ahimsa. In so doing, this work demonstrates the benefits of a re-defined framework on peace education scholarship.

Keywords: ahimsa
Gandhi
intersubjectivity
humility
peace education
Advisor: Joshee, Reva
Obstetric Violence in Argentina: a Study on the Legal Effects of Medical Guidelines and Statutory Obligations for Improving the Quality of Maternal Health

Obstetric Violence is a pervasive phenomenon that affects women’s maternal health worldwide. It has been recognized by the WHO that abusive and disrespectful treatment in facility-based childbirth is a contributing factor in maternal and infant mortality, and the global community has adopted steps in attempting to identify and eliminate all forms of obstetric violence. Within Latin America, Argentina has taken proactive measures legislating the proscription of obstetric violence. This thesis seeks to examine the development of the concept of Obstetric Violence in Argentina, its organic evolution from internal medical regulations and guidelines to national legislation. The thesis will also track evidence about the degrees of success that Obstetric Violence definition, assessment and regulation have had in preventing violations of women’s rights—both on a practical level and in the legal redress of these rights through tort claims.

Keywords: Abuse
Maternal Health
Mistreatment
Reproductive Rights
Tort Law
Advisor: Cook, Rebecca J
The Issue of “Deep Control” In Professional E-Sports – A Critical Analysis of Intellectual Property Structures in Electronic Gaming

This thesis deals with the issue of what the author calls “deep control” through IP law in the area of electronic sports (e-sports). The term is chosen because publishers of electronic games are able not only to protect the market of their original product, the game, but can also control downstream markets. The production of e-sports competition broadcasts, intended for the consumption via viewing as opposed to the active playing of the game, is such a downstream market. So far, the legal issues involved in e-sports production have only attracted limited interest from scholars and case law addressing these particular issues hardly exists. Therefore, the first part of this work sets out to describe the structures of IP rights in e-sports with special focus on copyright law. Next, it is shown how these rights confer deep control onto the publisher. The paper concludes with an economic analysis.

Keywords: Control
Copyright
Electronic Sports
Advisor: Katz, Ariel
Copyright Legislative Impunity? How Copyright Term Extensions Violate Freedom of Expression

With the global trend of harmonizing intellectual property rights, there is enormous pressure on Canada to adopt a maximalist approach to copyright protection. The purpose of this paper is to assess the constitutionality of the copyright extensions for sound recordings and performances found within the Economic Action Plan 2015 Act. Although Canadian courts have been reluctant in the past to consider the effects of copyright law on freedom of expression, the time is now ripe for the courts to assert their authority under the constitution. This paper demonstrates that copyright law is indeed in conflict with freedom of expression and that any time the legislature amends or imposes new burdens on expression, the government must justify those actions. In the case of the twenty-year term extension for sound recordings and performances, a constitutional analysis reveals that the law is disproportionate and cannot be saved under s.1 of the Charter.

Keywords: Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Copyright Law
Copyright Term Extensions
Freedom of Expression
Advisor: Katz, Ariel
Class Actions Under New Zealand's Representative Rule: Ingenious Solution or Inadequate to the Task?

Unlike many common law jurisdictions, New Zealand does not have a statutory class action regime. In the absence of developed rules governing class actions it has been left to the courts to fill this gap in the procedural landscape. The courts have achieved this by refashioning the “representative rule” into something capable of facilitating a modern class action. This has required the judiciary to adopt a “no. 8 wire mentality”, drawing on their inherent jurisdiction and creative interpretation of the High Court Rules to manage the complex issues that arise during aggregate litigation. This paper assesses the extent to which the representative rule can provide for class action litigation in the absence of a statutory regime. It concludes that modern class actions are now possible in New Zealand, but that New Zealand’s lack of procedural rules will impede the effectiveness of these proceedings.

Keywords: Civil Procedure
Class Action
Litigation
New Zealand
Representative Rule
Advisor: Stern, Simon
The Application of Transcranial High Intensity Focused Ultrasound to Clot Lysis

The primary method for treating acute ischemic stroke - the administration of thrombolytics - is associated with a relatively low efficacy and a large number of patients are contraindicated against the use of the drug. This research was motivated by the need to develop a new treatment modality for acute ischemic stroke that is localized, does not require the use of thrombolytics, and is capable of quickly recanalizing an occluded vessel. A simulation model was developed to investigate the feasibility of employing high intensity focused ultrasound to induce non-invasive clot lysis through the human skull at frequencies capable of producing a focus small enough to fit within the major vessels of the brain. The results suggest that an array with approximately 16,000 elements would be required to electronically treat all but the most distal sonication targets. The element numbers required for this array are over an order of magnitude higher than what currently exists today and so this study motivates the need for further research into reducing the acoustic pressures required for clot lysis and optimizing array design. The ability of intravascular droplets to lower the acoustic power required for high intensity clot lysis was explored. The application of droplet-enhanced clot lysis was investigated in an embolic rabbit model. Recanalization was demonstrated in 73% of cases at approximately 24% of the acoustic power required without droplets. The results demonstrated that red blood cell extravasations were confined to the acoustic focus, suggesting that a transducer capable of placing the entire focus within a vessel would be able to confine the bioeffect within the same volume. Transcranial focused ultrasound sparse arrays at relatively high frequencies that could produce a tighter focus than the prototypes in existence today were investigated through simulations. The results showed that a hemispherical array with a 10% population of 3 mm elements - 1588 elements in total - would be capable of steering 4 cm in each direction with acceptable grating lobes. These sparse arrays could potentially be well-suited to lower power applications, such as low intensity sonothrombolysis with thrombolytic agents or blood-brain barrier disruption.

Keywords: Cavitation
Focused Ultrasound
HIFU
Stroke
Therapy
Advisor: Hynynen, Kullervo
Out-of-market Efficiencies, Two-sided Platforms and Consumer Welfare: A Legal and Economic Analysis

This thesis analyzes the scope of out-of-market efficiencies in competition policy from a legal and economic perspective. It identifies potential shortcomings in neglecting their relevance, both in relation to the economic principles of two-sided platforms and, more generally, in the fulfillment of the consumer welfare standard. This paper tackles this issue by looking at the specific condition laid out in Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, requiring that a fair share of efficiency benefits must be passed on to consumers in order to justify an otherwise anti-competitive agreement. The implications of forbidding or allowing aggregation of efficiencies across markets are examined with reference to the two-sided market of payment card systems and the anticompetitive concerns regarding Multilateral Interchange Fees.

Keywords: Antitrust
Competition Policy
Law Economics
Two-sided platforms
Advisor: Iacobucci, Edward M
The Weakest Link? Evaluating Private Nuisance Liability in Ontario's Environmental Law Context

The Court of Appeal for Ontario’s decision in Smith v Inco Ltd illustrates the degree to which the law of private nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher liability has evolved over the last hundred and fifty years from strict(ish) liability tort doctrines to fault-based means of recovery. Inco also offers an opportunity to consider whether this evolution has left some wronged landowners behind. This work considers the evolution of private nuisance and Rylands liability into the tort doctrine(s) they are today, and illustrates the Province of Ontario’s statutory response to that evolution in the environmental contamination context. Ontario’s common law and statutory environmental compensation regime is then evaluated in the context of four distinct measures of wrongfulness from two theoretical schools of liability. Where Ontario’s regime is found to permit wrongful loss without recovery, statutory changes to extend rights of compensation to all landowners suffering wrongful loss are proposed.

Keywords: Environmental Law
Legal Theory
Tort Law
Advisor: Green, Andrew
The Unfinished State : Territorial Status, State Creation, and United Nations Mismanagement Within the Borders of the Mandate of Palestine

The international laws and customs that decreed a right for a Jewish state to be created within the former British Mandate of Palestine provided the same in equal measure for an Arab state within the same Mandate. What they did not provide for, however, thanks in no small part to UN mismanagement and recalcitrant warring parties, were borders separating the two states to be. By chronicling the international legal situation of the territory over the last century, it becomes possible to make determinations about minimum state level territorial rights. While failing to provide instant and obvious border location, the application of international law renders certain positions beyond debate. This narrows the scope of territorial negotiations to a 'simple' determination of which lands are necessary for the creation of a viable Palestinian state, whose citizens' freedom of movement within its peaceable borders is unimpeded by even Israel's most ardent security concerns.

Keywords: International Law
Israel
Palestine
State Borders
State Creation
Advisor: Macklem, Patrick
Collaborative Writing in a Computer-supported Classroom: Mediation and Self-assessed Beliefs and Attitudes about Writing

This classroom study investigated how computer-based writing tools and collaborative writing tasks mediated the development of individual writing competencies among 35 graduate students during a 4-week course in Taiwan focused on English tests like the TOEFL. I prepared a unique platform of writing tools for the course and then quantified the types of writing knowledge generated from students' collaborative writing (CW) and uses of these mediation tools, then associated these with the students' CW performance and then individual writing performance on 3 drafts of 4 TOEFL writing tasks over the duration of the course. Data included collaborative writers' dialogues and online browsing histories and all compositions produced during the course. Supplementary data were questionnaires and interviews on students' perceived changes in communications, reflections on CW, and self-assessed beliefs about their writing abilities. A comparison class of 26 students, which I also taught a year later, served as a control condition with the same course content, and writing tasks written individually (rather than collaboratively). Analyses identified symbolic and material mediation tools in Language-Related Episodes (LREs) in CW writers' dialogues and uses of Internet writing resources. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) modeling then tested the relationship between tool-mediated writing knowledge and CW performance, and then correlation analyses evaluated the relationship between CW performance and students' individual writing development. GEE modeling and interpretive analyses investigated over time the students' changes in communications, reflections on CW, and self-assessed beliefs about their writing abilities. Students in the CW course improved their English writing significantly more than comparison students did. Their symbolic and material tool use resulted in two types of writing knowledge, linguistic forms and skills of expression, which together with practice writing collaboratively, were associated with the students' writing development. The CW students expressed positive views towards the mediation tools, their abilities for verbalizing in English, and various cognitive and attitudinal indicators, whereas the control group did not change their beliefs about writing over time. The present results strengthen the claims from Sociocultural Theory about the value of mediation for writing development in a foreign language and provide insights about CW for writing teachers.

Keywords: collaborative writing
L2 writing development
mediation tool use
modelling process-product development
self-assessed beliefs about writing
tool-mediated writing knowledge
Advisor: Cumming, Alister
A Mass Spectrometry Approach to Identifying Novel Numb-interacting Proteins and Phosphorylation Sites

Numb is an endocytic adaptor protein first identified in the Drosophila nervous system as an intrinsic regulator of cell fate that is asymmetrically localized during cell division. Vertebrate Numb homologues have been identified, and homozygous Numb deletion in mice leads to embryonic lethality. There are four isoforms of mammalian Numb generated by alternative mRNA splicing of exon 3 and exon 9 leading to the translation of 4 protein isoforms with distinct molecular masses. Exon 9 inclusion and exclusion is developmentally regulated, yet little is known about the specific functions of exon 9 included isoforms. Herein we used affinity purification and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify isoform specific differences in Numb associated complexes. We identified 4 novel Numb-interacting proteins, including REPS1, BMP2K, BCR, and CENTA2, and further confirmed a direct interaction between the EH domain of REPS1 and both the NPF tripeptide motif as well as the DPF1 tripeptide motifs of Numb. We used selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) to show that significantly more Eps15 associates with Numb p72 compared to Numb p66, a result which we confirmed in cells using a proximity ligation assay. Consistently, p72 preferential association was also observed with three subunits of the AP-2 complex. Finally, we used SRM-MS to investigate the dynamic regulation of Numb-complex association after Calyculin A induced phosphorylation and endocytosis blockade. Numb hyper-phosphorylation led to the disassociation of Numb associated complexes, while endocytosis blockade altered only the recruitment of Eps15, REPS1 and BMPK2, but not members of the AP-2 complex. Numb activity and localization are also regulated in response to phosphorylation events at several residues. In Chapter 3, we used LC-MS/MS to identify 20 novel phosphorylation sites and 4 phosphorylated regions of Numb. We then used a non- radioactive in vitro kinase assay to show that Cyclin D Kinase 5 (CDK5) and Aurora A kinase phosphorylate Numb. Finally, three peptides containing CDK5 consensus motifs that become serine/threonine phosphorylated in response to in vitro CDK5 activity. These studies provide novel insights into the regulation of Numb and Numb associated complexes in response to cellular events such as phosphorylation and endocytosis.

Keywords: Numb
Mass Spectrometry
Advisor: McGlade, C. Jane
The Effects of ɤ-Glutamyl Hydrolase Modulation on Cancer Treatment and DNA Methylation in Human Cancer Cells

Folate and antifolates are retained in cells by polyglutamylation mediated by folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS), and are exported from cells after hydrolysis to monoglutamates by γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH). Polyglutamylated (anti)folates are retained in cells longer and are better substrates than their monoglutamate counterparts for intracellular folate-dependent enzymes. GGH modulation may therefore affect chemosensitivity of cancer cells to antifolates and 5-fluorouracil by altering polyglutamylation of antifolates and a specific target intracellular folate cofactor for 5-fluorouracil (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate), respectively. We generated an in vitro model of GGH modulation in HCT116 and MDA-MB-435 cells with predictable functional consequences and investigated chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and antifolates. Overall, GGH overexpression decreased chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil+ leucovorin and methotrexate, while GGH inhibition increased chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil +leucovorin. However, these effects appeared to depend not only on the GGH modulation-induced changes in polyglutamylation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and antifolates but also on intracellular folate levels as well as adaptive and compensatory changes in other enzymes involved in intracellular folate and antifolate accumulation and metabolism in response to GGH modulation. Polyglutamylation is also important in DNA methylation as polyglutamylated folates are better substrates for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase involved in the generation of S-adenosylmethionine, which is a substrate for DNA methylation. We hypothesized that GGH and FPGS modulation may affect DNA methylation at global and gene-specific levels with consequent functional ramifications. GGH and FPGS modulation demonstrated the inverse relationship between GGH activity and global DNA methylation as well as was associated with differential gene expression and altered CpG promoter DNA methylation involved in important biological pathways. Some of the observed altered gene expression appear to be regulated by DNA methylation. Whether or not GGH modulation may be an important determinant of chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil- and antifolate-based chemotherapy, and the potential roles of GGH and FPGS modulation in DNA methylation need further exploration.

Keywords: Folate
ɤ-Glutamyl hydrolase
5-Fluorouracil
Methotrexate
Antifolates
Cancer treatment
DNA methylation
Gene expression
Advisor: Kim, Young-In