VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The Old Bailey bar, 1783-1834

This thesis, which explores the emergence of the criminal bar in London, attempts to merge two strands of historical enquiry--the history of the criminal trial and the history of the legal profession. It presents a cultural history of London's criminal practitioners in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, emphasizing the importance of their day-to-day activities as lawyers, the nature of their practice and the relation of practice to social life. The thesis is based on the collective biography of 145 barristers who practised regularly at the Old Bailey at some point in their careers during the period 1783 to 1834. While counsel began to appear in trials at the Old Bailey in the early decades of the eighteenth century, it was not until the 1780s that a group of barristers was recognized collectively as forming an "Old Bailey bar". The practice of Old Bailey barristers from the 1780s to the creation of the Central Criminal Court in 1834 was unique to the period. Defense counsel were prohibited from addressing the jury on their clients' behalf, and their primary efforts were consequently directed towards destroying the case presented by the prosecution. But it is equally evident that Old Bailey practice during these years formed part of what is best described as "metropolitan practice". Old Bailey counsel tended not to succeed at Westminster Hall, but they appeared regularly in a variety of the petty or inferior courts of London. Their careers were thus distinct from other colleagues at the bar, but the distinction was one of professional venue rather than specialization of law--for in the inferior courts they handled a wide variety of civil cases. The thesis concluded by examining the implications of new developments in the mid-1830s, specifically, the Central Criminal Court Act (1834) and the Prisoner's Counsel Act (1836), both of which had significant consequences for the subsequent development of London's criminal bar.
Oscar Wilde's imitation of suffering

This study endeavours to establish a series of thematic linkages across a broad spectrum of Wilde's writings, concerning itself with the presentation of sorrow and suffering and Wilde's acknowledgement in De Profundis that they are a keynote to the whole body of his work. The significance of suffering to Wilde's interest in "self" and identity is the crux of an investigation involving close readings of primary texts. Of chief concern is the delineation of connections between the anarchic, incessantly paradoxical, "decentred" Wilde of works such as The Importance of Being Earnest, and the self-abnegating, ascetic, and mystical Wilde of works like De Profundis. The discernment of a "self" destroying project common to both, rooted ultimately in sorrow and suffering, constitutes the focus of this thesis. Wilde's diverse imitations of suffering are inbued with his lifelong fascination with the figure of Christ; of equal interest, however, is his lesser-known, intense engagement with the classical myth of Marsyas, the satyr who challenged Apollo to a musical contest and was flayed upon losing. The complex interplay between Hebraic and Hellenic myth in Wilde's examination of suffering, selfhood, and the vocation of the artist has many resonances, not the least of which involves the questioning of the possibility of regeneration and redemption through suffering. I believe that it is Marsyas, rather than Christ, who becomes in the end most emblematic for Wilde of the plight of the "modern" artist. A brief look at further implications of Wilde's imitation of Marsyas concludes the thesis.
Violent performance, a cultural analysis of the intersection of violence and embedded performance in Elizabethan and Jacobean tragedy

In many Elizabethan and Jacobean revenge tragedies, and in plays that are associated with this dramatic genre, we encounter formal performance occasions, or "embedded" performances, that erupt into violence. In keeping with the courtly milieus represented in these plays, the embedded performances are typically plays (or "playlets"), masques and revels, or forms of tournament combat. This thesis analyses the cultural significance of such "metaperformative" episodes in the following plays: Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy, Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, Marston's Antonio's Revenge and The Malcontent, The Revenger's Tragedy (attributed to Tourneur), Middleton's Women Beware Women, Webster's The White Devil, and the anonymous The Second Maiden's Tragedy. The effects of combining dramatic violence with formal, framed performances are various. In some episodes, violence destabilizes the performance by challenging its boundaries or "frame." As "played" violence becomes "real" for the onstage performers and spectators, the concept of "delimitation" is also cast in doubt for the theatre audience, who become aware of the potential for real danger to intrude into supposedly "aesthetic" experience. In other plays, the embedded performance destabilizes the meaning of the violence; it becomes impossible, for instance, to determine whether the violence is positive or negative, orderly or disorderly. In all of the episodes that are discussed, basic conceptual oppositions become problematic. Considered collectively, the dramatic texts suggest that violence, as a cultural practice, is inherently paradoxical, that it always exists in the interstices of fixed meaning. In keeping with the argument that Rene Girard makes in Violence and the Sacred, this thesis is concerned with showing the power of literary or artistic texts (including theatre) to reveal the centrality of violence to culture and the paradoxical nature of its operations. The violent performances are all unstable sites in the theatrical texts, which offer perspectives on the organization of experience and on the construction of meaning in English Renaissance culture. The perspectives that the selected incidents of theatrical violence offer are neither clear nor coherent. Rather, the violent performances in Elizabethan and Jacobean tragedy confront audiences (historical and contemporary) with the play of difference that underlies the culture's various assertions of order and coherence.
Social science research in Canada and federal government information policy, the case of Statistics Canada

The effects of information policy on use and users of government information by focusing on social science researchers' use of information from Canada's central statistical agency, Statistics Canada. Two literature reviews cover social scientists' use of statistics, and government information policy. A multi-method approach is used to examine the effects of specific Canadian federal government restraint and cost-recovery initiatives of the mid-1980s which applied to government information. Statistics Canada's response to these initiatives is revealed using case study methodology. Bibliometric research objectively documents policy effects on social science researchers' use of statistics sources by examining a sample of 360 articles published from 1982 to 1993 in 21 Canadian social science research journals in Economics, Education, Geography, Political Science and Sociology. Examination of citations, tables, and text in the sampled articles reveals extent of use of statistics from Statistics Canada and other governmental and nongovernmental sources, both Canadian and foreign, over a period before and after policy implementation. A survey of authors of sampled articles supplements the bibliometric findings. Results of the case study show that Statistics Canada sought to recover costs and achieve greater revenues through higher prices and increasing electronic data dissemination. Bibliometric analysis shows there was no significant change over time in use of statistics from Statistics Canada or any other governmental or nongovernmental source. The use of Statistics Canada paper products declined significantly. The survey reveals that social science researchers are unhappy with the price increases, but have not changed the statistics sources they use as a result. The movement of statistical information into electronic formats is well received, though more respondents (in 1995) still used paper products than electronic ones. Possible explanations for these findings are proposed. Alternative effects of increased prices and format changes are suggested which might be examined in future research. Additionally, the implications of the research findings in relation to these social scientists and the agencies involved in information and management are discussed as potential topics for further research.
Selective elimination of antigen-specific T cells by antigen-targeted drug-labeled antigen-presenting cell membranes

Since antigen-specific auto-aggressive T cells have been found in association with many autoimmune diseases, a treatment to eliminate such antigen-specific T cell clones was developed. The complex of peptide antigen and class II MHC protein is used to target a cytotoxic drug to antigen-specific T cells. The drug is bound covalently to antigen-presenting cells (APC) and protein antigens (Ag) are added to the cells for processing and presentation of peptides. The APC contain class II MHC (Ia) protein to present the peptide Ag to the T cell receptor and adhesion proteins for optimal interaction with the T cell. Either the Ag-bearing intact APC, or Ia$\sp+$-membranes shed spontaneously from them, were used as drug carriers to target drug to the T cells. The drugs being used are phototoxic fluorescent compounds. When irradiated with light of an appropriate wavelength, they give off toxic free radicals and singlet oxygen. These toxic by products are short-lived and damage cells only in their immediate vicinity, cutting down on non-specific side effects. APC from B hybridoma cells or their shed membranes bearing Ag peptides were able to target the drug selectively to Ag-specific T hybridoma cells. Both spontaneous T cell proliferation and antigen-induced IL-2 production of target T cells were inhibited. The specific effect could be blocked by anti-TCR mAb and anti-Ia mAb. A similar Ag-targeted cytotoxic effect was demonstrated on Ag-specific T cell lines and ex vivo Ag specific lymph node cells by using APC from thymus cells, or their shed membranes, bearing Ag peptides and drug. The Ag-specific effect was inhibited by anti-Ia antibody and by drug-free membranes carrying the Ag-Ia complex. This indicated that the antigen-specific phototoxic effect was mediated by interaction of the Ag-Ia complex with the T cell receptor. These "immunotoxins" may be useful as the basis for further development of a method to eliminate antigen-specific T cell clones in vivo in autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis.
Nondestructive evaluation of cylindrical components by resonance acoustic spectroscopy

Potential applications of resonance acoustic spectroscopy (RAS) for the purpose of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and on-line monitoring of isotropic clad rods and transversely isotropic cylinders are investigated in this thesis. Mathematical models are developed for the scattering of an infinite plane acoustic wave from infinite elastic and viscoelastic clad rods and infinite transversely isotropic cylinders. In these mathematical models, the scattered pressure field is obtained in terms of normal-mode Rayleigh series. Experimental measurements of the scattered pressure fields of various cylindrical components are performed using the short-pulse method of isolation and identification of resonances (MIIR). The method is applied to: copper-clad aluminum rods, Epon-815-clad steel rods, and fiber reinforced composite rods. The experimental results show good consistency with the results obtained from mathematical models. It is concluded that RAS is a potentially powerful technique for nondestructive evaluation and on-line monitoring of various cylindrical components.
A documentary and analytical study of Alban Berg's Three pieces for orchestra

In textural density and thematic development, it is generally agreed that Alban Berg's (1885-1935) Opus 6 orchestral pieces (1914-15)--Praludium, Reigen, and Marsch--are the most complex music in his output. In order to understand these works better, the thesis examines documents from the composer's Nachlass. Berg's compositional process is discussed, his sketchbooks reconstructed and selectively transcribed, and his textual revisions given critical commentary. Nachlass materials clarify the relation between Opus 6 and other items from this period (Op.4, Op.5, the Symphonie-Fragmente, and the earliest sketches forWozzeck), document the Berg-Schoenberg relationship, suggest programmatic contents (Berg's Reigen seems based on Arthur Schnitzler's play), and account for the early performance and publication history. It is maintained that sketch and Particell documents provide clues to, and corroborating support for, analytical interpretations. The principal analytical tools employed in the study are: structural voice-leading (Schenkerian) analysis, atonal pitch-class set analysis, and the analysis of formal function. The chapter divisions are: (1) Introduction: a Praludium on matters of purpose, procedure, and plan; (2) The Composition of Opus 6: "ein Entstehungsreigen"; (3) A March through the Documents; (4) Praludium: "composing between the tones"; (5) Reigen: blocks, chains, and cycles; sonority, theme, and form; (6) "Interlude": performance and publication history of Opus 6; and (7) Marsch eines Asthmatikers: a documentary and analytical study.
The moderating influence of the level of consumer knowledge on the retrieval of brand information

A necessary condition for brand choice in memory-based decision making is the retrieval of brands from memory. The set of brands retrieved for choice may be formed at encoding and retrieved on each choice occasion, or formed at retrieval by searching through memory for the most appropriate brands. The results of the first study indicate that low knowledge consumers form a set of brands at encoding to be recalled regardless of the retrieval situation, and that high knowledge consumers form the set at retrieval using the information available in the retrieval setting to recall the most appropriate brands for that setting. It is hypothesized that at encoding low knowledge consumers use the encoding setting to form a list of brands. Low knowledge consumers link the brands to the learning episode without integrating any of the attribute or usage situation information. The results of the second study show that low knowledge consumers demonstrate primacy effects in recall. These effects are expected when individuals do not integrate information during encoding. High knowledge consumers do not demonstrate primacy effects. It is hypothesized that at encoding high knowledge consumers integrate brand information into a network of brands, attributes and usage situations. At retrieval they use the attributes most useful for the usage situation to guide brand retrieval. The third study demonstrates that high knowledge consumers find it more difficult to retrieve brand information as the number of unrelated attributes linked to a brand increases or as the number of unrelated brands linked to a usage situation increases. These effects are common when information is integrated into an associative network. Low knowledge consumers do not demonstrate these effects. The results of these studies support the general hypotheses that: (1) High knowledge consumers integrate information at encoding which facilitates a search through memory for the most appropriate brands at retrieval, and (2) Low knowledge consumers do not integrate brands at encoding; they form a list of brands based on the encoding situation and recall the list when a decision in the product category is to be made. The results are discussed, the implications for marketing are presented and ideas for future research are provided.
Caught between omissions, exploring culture conflict among second generation south Asian women in Canada

In Canada, popular and commonsense understandings of tensions within immigrant families and between the white mainstream population and non-white immigrant communities have defined the conflict as between "cultures." I investigate how discourses of "culture conflict" are historically produced, and have come to have strategic, political and ideological significances. I argue that "culture conflict," far from being a descriptive metaphor of tension, is encoded in modern (normative) discourses of East and West and positions women in specific ways. In this thesis I draw from interviews with young South Asian women and South Asian community workers in Toronto and an analysis of Canadian mainstream representations of South Asian culture to explore the production and negotiation of the meanings of race, multiculturalism and identity. Second generation diasporic South Asian women struggle to construct an identity that speaks to their experience of being South Asian in Canada. In so doing they often unsettle, contest and resist normative constructions of both "South Asian" and "Canadian" identities. I explore how young women negotiate their identities across various cultural/community/ethnic boundaries and historical domains. I argue that it is in the moments of crossing and resisting norms that the boundaries around community/cultural/ethnic/racial identity become apparent. Their articulations, challenges and resistances to prevailing narratives of "South Asian-ness" and "Canadian-ness" set them apart and/or exclude them from dominant readings of what it means to be young South Asian women in Canada. While the struggle for young South Asian women is seemingly about the contradiction between "restriction" ("South Asian-ness") and "freedom" ("Canadian-ness"), underlying this tension is an East-West battle that is rooted in a colonial discourse of cultural domination and difference. This contestation is about what constitutes South Asian cultural practice and tradition on the one hand, and what is permissible as Canadian cultural practice and tradition on the other. This thesis explores the ways in which gender, race and sexuality work together in constructing and imagining the narratives of community and nation. I also argue that notions of nation, ethnicity, cultural authenticity and retention, and specific usages of youth and womanhood, are characteristically modern phenomena. I maintain that as a mode of understanding tensions for immigrant youth, discourses of "culture conflict" are also a way of managing and containing the "threat" to white centrality within the Canadian social political and economic power hierarchy. It obscures the workings of race and racism and the normative construction of whiteness as well as the ways in which nation and community are gendered and raced.
The implementation of the national manpower policy by Tanzanian universities from 1962 to 1994

At the time of independence, in December, 1961, Tanzania inherited from colonialists an acute shortage of manpower for its socio-economic development. The shortage was so severe that the new Government believed that unless the problem of manpower shortage was dealt with first, socio-economic development would be impeded drastically. Hence the manpower development policy was created. The policy dragged Tanzanian universities into the national economic plans. They had to produce given numbers of manpower to meet the requirements as estimated by the planners of the economy. The cost of training students was to be borne by the Government, i.e., Tanzanian universities were to be funded 100% by the Government. It was estimated that by 1980, Tanzania would be self-sufficient in manpower. However, up to the time this thesis was being written, the goal has never been achieved. This case study focuses on the needs of high level manpower, i.e., employees who have at least a university degree. It covers the period from 1962 to 1994. It is a descriptive and interpretive study aimed at answering such questions as: why was the manpower self-sufficiency goal not achieved? What is the future of the policy? How were the universities affected by their manpower training role? In this study, interviews were conducted with 22 administrative officials of the following institutions: the University of Dar-es-Salaam, the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Ministry of Science Technology and Higher Education, Department of Civil Service, and Planning Commission. Also documents were collected and information from them analyzed. More information was gathered through direct observation of the universities' and Ministries' activities concerning the policy. The findings of the study are: the policy is obsolete, the Government is fully manpowered in some professions, the private sector still has some manpower shortfalls, the universities cannot expand corresponding to the high demand, the Government could not finance the universities as was expected, and the very economy that provided both the demand for manpower and the resources for its training declined. The suggestion is made at the end of the thesis that the rigid manpower policy be changed to a market oriented one and that the Government merely provide information on the status of national manpower needs to applicants and universities.
Statistical mechanics of hydrodynamic lattice gases

In this thesis we present a model for fluid dynamics computations. The model combines a stochastic propagation scheme with special collision rules. We consider a class of collision rules with local mass, momentum and energy conservation laws. We derive the Boltzmann equation for the model and show that the Boltzmann H-theorem holds. By carrying out a Chapman-Enskog analysis we deduce that the macroscopic evolution of the system is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. In the linear response approximation we derive Green-Kubo formulae for the discrete system and show that the Onsager reciprocal relations are valid for the model without microscopic reversibility. We derive expressions for the transport coefficients in terms of autocorrelation functions. Numerical experiments performed on the model support the theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the model provides a stable simulation method for turbulent hydrodynamic flows.