VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Dendritic cell maturation, migration and function

Dendritic cells (DC) have a fundamental role in priming naive T-cell responses and a suspected importance in the regulation of central and peripheral tolerance. Before DC can be responsibly used in human clinical trials, the generation of both immature and mature subsets must be standardised and their in vivo migratory and functional characteristics explored.
The generation of human blood monocyte-derived DC in either fetal calf serum (PCS) or autologous plasma (HP) were compared. Phenotypic and functional assays demonstrated that DC derived from either system were similarly immature and underwent comparable maturation in response to LPS, TNF-α and MCM (decreasing potencies.) Furthermore, we demonstrated that adherent cells from HP cultures were likely DC but failed to react with the anti-rat CD8 antibody OX-8 which labels nonadherent DC.
DC grown from mouse bone marrow (BMDC) using GM-CSF (GM) plus (IL4) were capable of undergoing further maturation with TNF-α or LPS. In contrast, the growth of BMDC in GM alone, gave rise to N418+ immature DC which could not be matured subsequently using TNF-α, LPS or IL1-β under our conditions.
The migration of immature and mature BMDC was compared after IV injection. Fluorochrome labelled cells were found in splenic T-cell areas 24 hours after injection of all DC subsets into either syngeneic or allogeneic hosts. Furthermore, DC could be re-isolated from spleen and characterised by FACS analysis at various times after administration. Tc-99m radiolabel studies demonstrated similar quantitative migration of BMDC subsets and primary splenic DC (LODACS) to peripheral tissues (spleen, liver and lung) by 24 hours after injection.
Emerging evidence suggests that inhibition of costimulatory signalling during antigen presentation may lead to specific unresponsiveness. The ability of immature versus mature donor strain DC pre-treatment to alter cardiac allograft survival was investigated. Only GM-DC (immature) but not more mature GM/IL4-DC subsets were capable of inducing significant graft survival prolongation (MST>100d). Furthermore, the effect was dependant upon pre-treatment 7d before transplantation and was strain specific.
The CD4+ T-cell priming patterns of immature versus mature BMDC were investigated using TCR transgenic mice recognising OVA plus MHCII. Mature OVApulsed DC were able to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, activation marker upregulation and intracellular IL2, IL4 and TNF-α production, while immature GMDC proliferation was less, activation marker expression limited, and no IL4 seen.
Our findings represent the first demonstration that cytokine cultured DC migrate similarly to primary DC after IV injection. Furthermore, the comparable migratory patterns of immature and mature BMDC subsets contrasts with differences in CD4+ T-cell priming responses in spleen and the unique ability of immature GM-DC to selectively induce cardiac allograft prolongation.
Theology as a vocation : Ernst Troeltsch as philosophical theologian

This thesis attempts a systematisation of Troeltsch's work which takes as its starting point the distinctive philosophical and theological problems arising from the modern conditions of humanity and society. These centre on the fundamental conflict of autonomy and the need for authority - the impasse of the Enlightenment. The theologian's vocation is to attempt to re-integrate the individual within absolute structures of authority without denying the individual's autonomy. Troeltsch 1 s project is seen as in some ways anticipating that of Maclntyre in After Virtue. Troeltsch does not attempt to recreate the medieval synthesis, nor to isolate Christianity from the world, but to combine the relative structures of the modern world with the absolute structures of authority embodied in Christianity.
The basis for Troeltsch's solution rests upon his philosophy of religion, which owes its distinctive character to Kant and the critical idealism deriving from him. Troeltsch moves beyond Kant, however, in his notion of the interpenetration of the spheres of practical and theoretical reason. This interpenetration alone allows for the survival of the autonomy of the individual.
The attempt to grasp reality sub specie aeternitatis, the a priori of religion, is restricted by human finitude. This finitude determines the shape of Troeltsch's systematic theology, which rests upon the relation of the human will to the divine will, of the relative to the absolute.
It is the responsibility of human beings to attempt to progress towards the absolute, to adopt the divine will, even in the knowledge that this can never be fully achieved. Faith and hope are realised in ethical activity. The realisation of the absolute is the creation of the most universal context for ethical action, whereby each individual might reshape reality unfettered by all finite claims on absoluteness, and thereby be united with divine creativity itself.
Birth, exploits and death of Alexander the Macedonian in verse : a critical edition with introduction and commentary

By way of Introduction a survey is made of the various versiona of the Alexander Romance. The Romance, falsely attributed to Callisthenes, has its origins in the 3rd century B.C. Tue surviving versions, however, can only be traced back to an original of about 300 A.D. This original version (α) is represented by only one complete manuscript in Greek (?) und by a number of translations: Latin, Armenian Syriac and Ethiopic. Later Greek versions, generally known by the letters β, Υ, ε and λ, constitute wholesale revisions of the text of the Romance.
Two versifications of the Romance exist in Greek both of which seem to depend on both the α and the β traditions, though they are independent of one another. These are the Bysantine Alexancier poem and the Modern Greek poem in rhyme (the Rimaca) which is the subject of this study.
[See pdf. for full abstract]
Britain, Sweden and the Cold War, 1945-54

This thesis explores the ways in which British policy contributed to Sweden's Western connection in the early cold war. It considers the extent to which an analysis of British policy is necessary to an understanding of how the cold war shaped the Nordic region and whether there was a special part for Britain in the ways in which Sweden sought to be bound to the Western powers economically, politically and militarily.
A central conclusion is that British policy was instrumental in establishing the conditions whereby Sweden could reconcile the conflicting demands of its official foreign policy of neutrality with the reality of its economic, cultural and ideological Western orientation. Swedish military nonalignment did not lead to international isolation, and until US policy changed in 1952 and a more positive approach towards Sweden was officially adopted, Britain remained the primary link between Sweden and the Western alliance. This was seen in almost every aspect of Sweden's Western connection. Swedish defences were built with British high technology, material and assistance. Service level exchanges kept both parties abreast of developments in defence planning and in questions of cold war grand strategy, and tacitly facilitated coordination of plans. On the economic front, Britain was a large scale trader of strategic goods to and from Sweden, and the Labour government's policy of fostering closer institutional relations with Sweden was particularly important in the work of the OEEC and in a specific Anglo-Scandinavian forum, Uniscan. In achieving a rough power balance in the north, Swedish cooperation was essential although its neutrality policy did not have to be challenged openly.
The work is based on primary material from the Foreign Office archives, the archives of the Ministry of Defence, Board of Trade, Treasury, Bank of England, Cabinet and the service departments. In Sweden the Foreign Ministry archives and archives of other civilian and military authorities have been used.
The effects of precipitation of calcium carbonate on soil pH following urea application

This thesis describes a series of experiments both in solution systems and soil systems to study the precipitation of calcium carbonate in soils and the effects of the precipitation on soil pH after urea had been applied.
(1) A gas bubbling system has been established which introduces ammonia at a steady rate to the reaction solution and keeps it equilibrated at 0.00484 atm partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
(2) In a non-seeded system, the effects of calcium, urea, Mg (magnesium), P (phosphate), and DOC (water-dissolved organic matter) on the precipitation were examined individually and in various combinations.
Calcite and vaterite were found in the 10 mM CaC12 solutions with and without the addition of urea. When the solutions contained Mg, P, and DOC, vaterite was not found. Aragonite was found in the reaction solution containing 5 mM Mg.
In high initial concentration of P (5x10-4 M) , the formation of calcium phosphate (amorphous by X-ray analysis) catalysed the formation of calcite. The effects of urea and Mg on the precipitation are negligible compared with the effects of P and DOC.
(3) In a seeded system, 16 sets of experiments with four sizes of calcite-seeds were carried out to study the precipitation rate of calcium carbonate. This was described by the equation
LR=-4.113±0.132 + 0.379±0.029 LWA + LSI
where LR=log (precipitation rate, PR, in mole litre-1 min-1), LWA= log (newly formed calcium carbonate, g ml-1), and LSI=log (degree of supersaturation of calcium carbonate, SI).
(4) A wide range of concentrations of urea (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 M) were added to three soils (Beg., Uni., and VWH) with or without the addition of 5 per cent of calcite (10-15 μm) to establish a rate model for the precipitation of calcium carbonate in soils. The precipitation model (in logarithmic form) in soils is
lnPR=-9.47±0.30 + lnKSOIL + 0.379±0.029 InWA + InSI - 1686±703 P - 6.13±3.02 DOC + 3854±1775 (P DOC)
where P and DOC are the concentrations in soil solutions, and lnKSOIL is the effect of soils on the precipitation, which is - 1.98, 0.43, and -0.10 for Beg., Uni., and VWH soils respectively.
The amount of newly formed calcium carbonate is about a third to a half of the amount of ammoniacal-N released by urea hydrolysis. It was able to reduce the increase of soil pH by more than 0.6 pH units in some circumstances.
An analysis and sketch study of the early instrumental music of Sir Harrison Birtwistle (c. 1957-77)

Sir Harrison Birtwistle is one of Britain's leading contemporary composers. His intellectually challenging music has so far proved difficult to analyse. This thesis aims to account for the significance of Birtwistle's earliest published works, commenting on existing analyses, developing new approaches and, where available, drawing on the composer's own sketches, drafts and other manuscripts, reflecting my belief that the early music represents a clear blueprint for later works.
The thesis is in two parts. The first consists of chapters 1 and 2, which deal with works for which no sketch material survives. The emphasis is initially on accounting for Birtwistle within a broader historical context, as well as developing new ways of investigating the works based on links with other contemporary artists and musicians, and interests the composer declared. This part also includes extended discussion of a work thought to have been lost, but which is in fact stored in the Birtwistle Sammlung at the Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel.
Whilst the chapters incorporate theoretical tools, works are treated on their own terms, and analytical methods are developed which respond to apparently new concerns, rather than subsume each work within an over-arching theoretical model. However, a number of themes are developed at this stage and carried throughout the thesis: especially, the use of tone rows, associative pitch projection, motivic permutation and forms of textural association.
The second part, represented by chapters 3, 4 and 5, covers works for which a substantial amount of manuscript material exists, stored at the Sacher Foundation. Whilst earlier themes are continued, new issues relating to time and evocations of the pastoral are introduced in response to developments in the 1970s. Another theme developed through these chapters concerns problems surrounding the status of sketch material, its value to analysis, and the extent to which the sketches make different analytical demands from the scores.
N.M.R. structural studies and modelling of modular proteins

This thesis focuses on structural studies of the fibronectin type 1 module (F1) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and the N-terminal src homology 2 (SH2) module of the p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3-kinase). t-PA plays a key role in the dissolution of blood clots. It is the only serine protease that binds to the fibrin network of a thrombus and localises its activity to the site of a clot. The t-PA F1 module is critical to t-PA fibrin binding. This module was produced for structural studies using a yeast alpha secretion system. N.m.r. data collected on the purified protein were used to calculate a high resolution structure of the module.
The structures of the t-PA finger and the seventh type 1 module from human fibronectin were compared and found to be strikingly similar. Topological differences between the two molecules suggested that one face of the t-PA finger engages in domain-domain interactions in the intact protein. A model of the intact t-PA was constructed and used to explain differences in the biological activity of the two naturally abundant glycosylated variants of the molecule.
The SH2 module binds sequence-specifically to intracellular phosphorylated tyrosines on receptor tyrosine kinases and thus mediates cell signalling pathways which lead ultimately to changes in cell growth and differentiation. The 3-dimensional structure of the N-terminal SH2 of the p85α subunit of PI3-kinase was computed and compared to the v-src SH2 complexed with low affinity phosphopeptides in order to assess the conformational changes associated with phosphopeptide binding. Finally, the structures of two homologous SH2 modules were modelled to identify possible high affinity protein-peptide interactions responsible for the variation in phosphopeptide affinity of SH2 modules. The predicted interactions were subsequently observed in two high affinity SH2-peptide complexes.
The ecological interaction between habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of some wild ungulates in India

The ecological interrelationships between the habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of three wild ungulate species, viz. Chital (Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor) and Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) were investigated in three National Parks in India. The study sites differ in the structure and composition of the habitat and also occur along a rainfall gradient. The study incorporates a new approach of using forest compartments for gathering baseline ecological data. The significance of these compartments in serving as ecological bench-marks for monitoring habitat condition has been demonstrated. Toe-point transect, a modification of the point-intercept method has been extensively used to obtain rapid, reliable but coarse ecological data on ground and aerial cover and the results obtained are compared with those from the visual estimation method. Motorcycle and foot-based line transects have been used to obtain data on animal abundance. The significance of the results indicating that motorcycle transects are an efficient and reliable means of estimating the abundance of Chital and Nilgai, while foot transects provide more reliable estimates of Sambar abundance is discussed.
Data on 22 habitat variables were gathered in the summer and winter seasons from all the study sites and were statistically analysed using Generalized Linear Interactive Modelling (GLIM) procedures. The habitat requirements of the three ungulate species have been determined, which enhance our understanding of the complex herbivore-habitat relationships. Analyses of habitat selection, central to the understanding of animal ecology, has been done to understand the mechanisms which permit species to co-exist. The results indicate that the three species are ecologically separated and that resource partitioning is achieved primarily by habitat partitioning. Sambar, a forest ungulate, largely occurs in the forest-woodland habitats; Chital, a species of the habitat 'edge', occurs in the woodland-grassland habitats while Nilgai prefers the miscellaneousopen and grassland habitats. The three ungulate species together contribute more than 78% to the total wild ungulate biomass. This is presumably because these species are by nature generalist and are able to exploit the unpredictable resources more efficiently than specialist species. The differential biomass/rainfall relationships of three species observed in the study have been explained on the basis of habitat requirements and feeding strategies adopted by these species.
The ecological biogeography of the three ungulate species has been discussed and their ecological equivalents in Africa have been examined. The significance of above in enhancing our understanding of evolutionary biology is discussed. The study has shown that habitat composition is an all-important factor in large herbivore biology and that animal density may be used as an indicator of habitat quality.
Breeding ecology, moult and migration of Savi's warblers, Locustella luscinioides, in Portugal

The breeding, moult and migration strategies of a Portuguese population of the little-known Savi's Warbler, Locustella luscinioides, were studied and compared with other populations and species. The biometrics, the variation in body condition during the breeding season, the breeding phenology and success, the variation in egg and clutch size, and the nest-site selection were described. In both sexes, mating and breeding success benefited from early arrival and breeding; females produced enough fledglings to balance the typical mortality rates of passerines. Although this species depend on pure reeds to feed, the prefered nest-sites were located in high and dense Juncus and Rubus with thick litter; and predation was greater in sites with less litter.
The phenology, sequence and extent of the post-juvenile and post-breeding moults were also described. Later-moulting birds retained more primaries and tended to start moult in an outer primary. This was interpreted as an adaptation to replace as many as possible of the most important flight feathers in the time available.
The winter moult extent was determined by analysing the stable isotope signatures of the wing feather generations present in birds captured in spring. This is a novel application of this technique. Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen isotope ratios of feathers grown in Europe differed from those grown in Africa and were used to classify the origin of unknown feathers. This species has a suspended post-breeding moult and a suspended or arrested pre-breeding moult, a strategy which was not been described previously.
The data from birds captured in Portugal were analysed to assess the phenology of the post-breeding migration, fuel deposition rates and flight range. Many of the adults were able to reach the winter quarters without refuelling, which suggests that potential staging sites were bypassed by birds; as has been predicted for time-selected migrants. The possibility that juvenile migration might be energy-selected could not be excluded, as these birds left the breeding quarters with only enough fuel to reach the next staging site.
John Stuart Mill's theory of capital, interest and employment

This study is an attempt to trace a particular theme of analysis throughout John Stuart Mill's economic theory and to discover what light such a procedure sheds on our knowledge of Mill's work and on our understanding of his historical role. The main concern of the study is with Mill's system of analysis as such, and not, except incidentally, with the history of the ideas which found expression in his work.
After a preliminary examination of Mill's position in the evolution of economic theory, a first step is taken towards establishing what were the properties and assumptions of the model of the economic system adopted by Mill in his major work in the field, the Principles of Political Economy (1848). The assumptions necessary for a consistent model are outlined and the argument then proceeds with a detailed discussion of Mill's four fundamental propositions on capital. These theorems are taken to be the principal foundation on which the remainder of Mill's analysis of production, distribution and capital accumulation is based. An attempt is made to show that these theorems are to be considered as an interdependent group which have relevance only for the system in which they stand.
[Please see pdf. for rest of abstract.]
Grammatical studies in the Akkadian dialects of Babylon and Uruk, 556-500 B.C.

Neo-Babylonian (NB) was the last surviving dialect of the Semitic language known as Akkadian and it was still being used for the compilation of records at the beginning of our era.
Many thousands of NB economic and legal documents and letters exist, particularly from the sixth century B.C., yet the language is still to be studied, as the various ways in which a word could be spelled suggested it was no longer coherent as a language and therefore that it was not worth studying. Aramaic was presumed to have taken over.
I have attempted to find out if this is the case by making a synchronic grammatical study of the NB dialects of Babylon and Uruk from 556 to 500 B.C. These cities have been chosen because they have produced considerable amounts of material. The period also spans the Persian conquest of 539 B.C.
Part one deals with syntax and morphology. Consistency of syntactical patterns indicates that NB was a living and evolving language and that the influence of Aramaic and Old Persian was minimal.
Part two deals with orthography and suggestions on pronunciation and stress. The main difficulty in establishing how much NB has changed from earlier phases of Akkadian (including earlier NB) lies in understanding how the loss of short final vowels has changed word shape. The extent to which words could end in consonant clusters is not clear as cuneiform is unable to represent consonant clusters in word final position.
I conclude that the lack of difference between the NB dialects of Babylon and Uruk suggests that efforts were being made to preserve the language and that the scribal teaching methods must have been similar in the two cities.