VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Model citizens, mural painting, pageantry, and the art of civic life in progressive America [electronic resource]

This dissertation focuses on the related arts of mural painting and pageantry in Progressive America and considers how civic artists participated on a grand scale in the era's campaigns for reform. Examining the ways in which period creatives made reform into something visible, dramatic, and vital, this study asks: What did Progressivism look like? What civic lessons did murals and pageants activate, and for which publics? How did civic art's classical forms and consensual narratives resonate with its viewing communities, and how did those communities respond? Artistic Progressives positioned their art forms at the center of the era's broader campaign to expand participatory democracy, improve social conditions, and impose a sense of order. Through paint and playacting, they entered into cultural and political debates on Americanization, immigration, citizenship, suffrage, and the new pedagogy of learning by doing. Mural painting and pageantry served as collaborative meeting points for art-minded citizens as well as contested zones of cultural agency. The study's five chapters examine the mural programs at the Library of Congress (1895-1897) and the Massachusetts State House (1900-1904), the Pageant of Illinois (1909), the Suffrage Pageant-Procession (1913), and mural painting and pageantry in Madison, Wisconsin (1908-1917).

Keywords: Art and Art History
Advisor: Corn Wanda M. primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Bukatman Scott
Winterer Caroline
Wolf Bryan Jay advisor. Thesis advisor
Modeling and compensation of modal dispersion in graded-index multimode fiber [electronic resource]

Multimode fiber (MMF) has been used traditionally in local-area and campus-area networks. The large core size facilitates laser-to-fiber and fiber-to-fiber coupling, reducing component costs and the cost of setting up and maintaining a network. The propagation of multiple modes leads to modal dispersion, which traditionally has limited the bit rate-distance product to less than about 2 Gbit/s-km. Models for modal dispersion must take account of mode coupling by fiber imperfections and bents. Traditionally, mode coupling has been studied using a power-coupling model, which can accurately predict the population in different modes when using incoherent sources, such as light-emitting diodes. But the power coupling model is inherently unable to describe some effects in high-speed links using coherent laser sources, such as polarization dependence of impulse response. In the first part of this dissertation, we describe a field-coupling model for propagation in MMF, which is analogous to the model used to study polarizationmode dispersion in single-mode fiber. Our model allows computation of the fiber impulse response, given a launched electric-field profile and polarization. In order to model both spatial- and polarization-mode coupling, we divide the fiber into numerous short sections, each having random curvature and random angular orientation. This model can be described using only a few parameters. With the help of this model we investigate first-order and higher-order modal dispersion effects. We describe principal modes (PMs), which are free of modal dispersion. We describe how the PM group delays depend on the strength of mode coupling in the low-coupling regime (e.g., glass fibers) and the high-coupling regime (e.g., plastic fibers). We also explain the observed polarization dependence of the impulse response. Considering terms of higher order (in frequency), our model accounts for an observed filling-in between peaks in the impulse response and predicts a nonlinear relationship between input and output intensity waveforms. In the second part of this dissertation, we describe the use of an adaptive spatial light modulator (SLM) to launch light into PMs, preventing modal dispersion. Previously this technique has enabled transmission at bit rate-distance products over 200 Gbit/skm. We have extended the adaptive optics technique to include control of signal polarization. We have studied several alternative adaptive optical systems and have derived the optimal solution for each system. We show that the best performance is obtained by controlling each polarization independently using two SLMs.

Keywords: Electrical Engineering
Advisor: Kahn Joseph M. (Joseph Mardell) primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Fan Shanhui
Miller D. A. B. advisor. Thesis advisor
Modeling and mitigation of information technology risks [electronic resource]

Information technology security has become a critical component of managing the risks associated with communication networks that support the global economy. Unlike the financial markets where a rich set of tools exist to measure and control the risks associated with financial decisions, no such tools exist for risk associated with information technology. Quantitative methods that have been studied to date are quantitative only in that they involve the measurements of some metrics. A model, however, should enable management to explain current phenomena or potentially provide qualitative arguments for policies. The tools today do not permit such discussion. In this dissertation, the models I develop address some of the fundamental nuances of information technology security. First, the topology of the network influences the nature of the risks associated with each node and should be accounted for. Second, such a model must incorporate the non-symmetric relationship found in the network. The relationships are typically bi-directional with unequal weights. Within this context, the models here attempt to answer the fundamental question: "How should I allocate my resources in order to manage the information technology risks I face?" This allocation can occur at an industry level amongst multiple corporations, within a company amongst a multitude of nodes or even at the vulnerability level. Within this context, I present three models. First, I develop a prioritization model that balances the impact of the topology of the network and the level of potential impact of an individual vulnerability. Second, I create a class of interdependent security investment models to incorporate asymmetries of utility functions and a mixture of positive and negative externalities. Lastly, I generate a novel formulation of a dynamic risk networks model with interdependent states. Overall, the models provide anchor points in the largely uncharted field of IT risk management.

Keywords: Management Science and Engineering
Advisor: Bambos Nicholas primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Brandeau Margaret L. advisor. Thesis advisor
Byers Thomas (Thomas H.) advisor. Thesis advisor
Modeling of III-V nanoscale field-effect transistors for logic circuits [electronic resource]

As silicon CMOS technology continues to scale down its minimum critical dimension, it becomes increasingly difficult to enhance device switching speed due to fundamental limitations. Innovations in device structure and materials are pursued to accommodate improvement in performance as well as reduction in transistor size. For beyond-22-nm CMOS technology, III-V channel FETs are considered as a compelling candidate for extending the device scaling limit of low-power and high-speed operation, owing to their superb carrier transport properties and recent experimental advancements. In this thesis, device simulation, compact modeling, circuit design, circuit performance assessment and estimation of III-V logic transistors are carried out to study key considerations such as device pitch, parasitics, and the importance of PMOS for circuit-level performance. To effectively connect device characteristics with circuit design, a physics-based compact model for digital logic is constructed. The model encompasses effects such as field-confined and spatially-confined trapezoidal quantum well sub-band energies, gate leakage tunneling current and parasitic capacitance. The developed compact model contains only three fitting parameters and is verified by experiment and circuit simulations. The compact model enables other bodies of work for the purpose of circuit-level design and performance estimation. To demonstrate the capability of the model in a circuit environment we apply the compact model to composite circuits such as FO4 inverter chains and SRAM cache to evaluate and project performance and power trends for beyond-22-nm technology.

Keywords: Electrical Engineering
Advisor: Saraswat Krishna primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Wong Hon-Sum Philip
Nishi Yoshio
Modified nucleotides and nucleic acids as molecular probes [electronic resource]

This thesis discusses a number of projects involving the use of modified nucleotides and oligonucleotides in addressing some basic science questions and some clinical and technological applications.The first chapter details our efforts at using telomere-encoding circular DNA in elongating zebrafish telomeres. We microinjected our synthetic circular DNA into zebrafish embryos and studied their telomere length 24 hrs later. Using Quantitative Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (Q-FISH) as the analytical tool to determine telomere length, we observed no significant difference in telomere length between the group injected with the synthetic DNA and the control group. In the second chapter we studied the potential of a non-polar shape mimic of iodo-uracil as an imager of tumors. We continued discussing our work with non-polar nucleotide isosteres in the third chapter where we used them in investigating a novel active site in polymerase from Pyrococcus furiosus (Pfu). From our studies we concluded that although shape was an important factor in distinguishing bases, this binding site also employed hydrogen bonding to identify nucleoabases. The lack of any recognition of the syn-oxidized bases suggested that the enzyme preferred to recognize bases in the anti conformation rather than syn. In the fourth chapter we were interested in understanding the factors determining the fidelity and selectivity observed in RNA Polymerase II mediated transcription. Once again we used non-polar shape mimics of thymidine (dF) and adenine (dQ) to study the importance of shape and hydrogen bonding. We observed that the thymidine mimic was recognized better by the RNA Polymerase II active site than the mis-match bases. The adenine isostere on the other hand, was poorly recognized. This preliminary study demonstrates the importance of both shape and hydrogen bonding. The last chapter discusses our studies using polyfluorophores on a DNA backbone to detect gases. Following a combinatorial method, a library of oligodeoxyfluorosides (ODFs) were synthesized from which sensors of gases were selected. Using this method we were able to select optical sensors for a diverse set of small molecules in vapor state.

Keywords: Chemistry
Advisor: Kool Eric T. primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Chen James Kenneth advisor. Thesis advisor
Huestis Wray advisor. Thesis advisor
Modulating phagocytosis [electronic resource] : therapeutic targeting of the anti-phagocytic signal CD47 in human malignancies

Growing evidence indicates that cancers are composed of functionally heterogeneous cells that are organized by a cellular hierarchy and are maintained by a stem cell-like population. Given their unique ability to initiate tumor growth, eradication of these cancer stem cells (CSC) is necessary for cure. Thus, the development of CSC targeted therapies is necessary to improve current clinical outcomes. This body of work identifies CD47 as a therapeutic target on CSC and bulk cells in several human malignancies. CD47 is a cell surface protein that functions to inhibit phagocytosis through binding its ligand SIRP[Alpha], expressed on phagocytes. Compared to normal cell counterparts, CD47 was highly expressed on several human tumors including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), suggesting that higher CD47 levels on tumors allow evasion of immune phagocytosis. Higher CD47 expression in these tumors correlated with a worse clinical prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, a monoclonal blocking antibody against CD47 enabled phagocytosis of human AML, ALL, and NHL in vitro and eliminated disease in vivo. When combined with the Fc receptor-activating antibody, rituximab, anti-CD47 antibody therapy achieved high cure rates in pre-clinical models of NHL in contrast to partial responses with either agent alone. Lastly, anti-CD47 antibody treatment specifically targeted tumor but not normal cells, resulting in minimal toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The selective targeting of tumor cells by anti-CD47 antibody was due to the selective expression of the pro-phagocytic signal, calreticulin on tumor but not normal cells. In summary, this body of work identifies CD47 as a therapeutic target on several human cancers and that a monoclonal blocking antibody against CD47 has pre-clinical efficacy in eliminating these tumors through the promotion of phagocytosis.

Keywords: Cancer Biology.
Advisor: Majeti Ravindra
Weissman Irving L.
Clarke Michael F.
Levy Ronald
Mitchell Beverly S.
Moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic disks and floer theory of cleanly intersecting immersed lagrangians [electronic resource]

In this thesis we investigate moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic disks with Lagrangian boundary conditions, in which the Lagrangians are immersed with clean self-intersections. We then discuss the compactification of these moduli spaces, and show that under specific assumptions, the moduli spaces can be oriented. Finally, we use these moduli spaces to construct and compute Lagrangian Floer cohomology for sphere and orientation covers of the real projective space embedded as a Lagrangian submanifold of the complex projective space.

Keywords: Mathematics
Advisor: Ionel Eleny primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Eliashberg Y.
Galatius Søren
Moduli spaces of PT-stable objects [electronic resource]

We develop techniques for performing semistable reduction on a flat family of objects in the heart of a t-structure on the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves of a smooth projective three-fold. Then we show that, with respect to Bayer's PT-stability function, the semistable objects in the heart of perverse sheaves form a proper Artin stack of finite type, provided the rank is nonzero, and the rank and degree are coprime.

Keywords: Mathematics
Advisor: Li Jun (Mathematician) primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Conrad Brian
Vakil Ravi advisor. Thesis advisor
Molecular basis of respiratory plasticity in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 [electronic resource]

The gamma-proteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 utilizes a complex electron transfer network composed primarily of c-type cytochromes as well as iron-sulfur proteins, molybdoenzymes, and flavins, to respire under anoxic conditions a variety of compounds, including fumarate, nitrate, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in addition to Fe (III) and Mn (IV) minerals. Central to several respiratory pathways in this dissimilatory metal reducing bacterium (DMRB), including the electron transfer pathway to Fe (III), is CymA, a cytoplasmic membrane-bound tetraheme c-type cytochrome that functions as the major hydroquinone dehydrogenase and couples electron transport to various periplasmic oxidoreductases. Using a genetic approach involving the reconstruction of the putative electron transport chain of dissimilatory iron reduction from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in Escherichia coli, I showed that expression of cymA was necessary and sufficient to convert E. coli into a dissimilatory iron reducing (DIR) bacterium, indicating that CymA as a terminal reductase was the minimal electron transport chain within S. oneidensis MR-1 to Fe (III). In addition, we isolated and characterized a [delta]cymA suppressor mutant that was capable of respiration of fumarate, ferric citrate, and DMSO, but not of nitrate. The suppression was found to be due to insertion sequence-mediated transcriptional activation of mccCD, which encode for a putative periplasmic iron sulfur protein and an integral membrane hydroquinone dehydrogenase, respectively.

Advisor: Spormann Alfred M. primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Khosla Chaitan
Long Sharon R. advisor. Thesis advisor
Molecular characterization of cell division machinery in caulobacter crescentus [electronic resource]

Cell division is a major developmental event in the life cycle of a bacterial cell. Caulobacter crescentus division is asymmetric, producing daughter cells that differ in morphology and polar features: a sessile stalked cell and a motile swarmer cell that subsequently differentiates into a stalked cell. In this work we investigate the assembly of the Caulobacter cell division machinery (the divisome) using genetics, biochemistry, and microscopy. In Caulobacter, the cell division process requires a set of approximately twenty-three proteins localizing from the cytoplasm to the outer membrane. To understand divisome assembly as a function of the cell cycle, we generated fluorescent fusions to analyze the temporal regulation of 19 representative divisome and division-site localized proteins. In Chapter 2, we identified a series of stages and transitions in divisome assembly and the associated events yielding a comprehensive temporal picture of the process. The assembly interdependency for divisome formation in Caulobacter appears to involve cooperative rather than sequential recruitment, suggesting that it is a multiprotein subcomplex model. In Chapter 3, we describe our investigation of the Tol-Pal complex where we demonstrated that it plays a vital role for membrane integrity maintenance and that it is essential for viability. Cryo-electron microscope images of the Caulobacter cell envelope exhibited outer membrane disruption, and cells failed to complete cell division in TolA, TolB, or Pal mutant strains. The Tol-Pal complex is required to maintain the position of the transmembrane TipN polar marker, and indirectly the PleC histidine kinase, at the cell pole, but it is not required for the polar maintenance of other transmembrane and membrane-associated polar proteins tested. Thus, the Caulobacter trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex is a key component of cell envelope structure and function, mediating outer membrane constriction at the final step of cell division, as well as the positioning of a protein localization factor. In Chapter 4, we describe our examination of the FtsZ binding protein, ZapA. FtsZ is the most highly conserved divisome protein that polymerizes into a contractile ring near midcell, defining the future site of cell division. We showed that ZapA is required to maintain a normal cell length, and promotes Z ring assembly. The biochemical and functional studies suggest that Caulobacter ZapA is a positive regulator of Z-ring assembly. In summary, we have addressed three major stages in developments of the divisome in Caulobacter: Z-ring assembly, divisome maturation and outer membrane invagination. These experiments have provided a new understanding of how the Caulobacter cell temporally executes the cell division program to propagate reliably and how Caulobacter cell division is performed.

Keywords: Chemistry
Advisor: McAdams Harley primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Moerner W. E. (William Esco)
Shapiro Lucy advisor. Thesis advisor
Molecular counting [electronic resource] : from noninvasive prenatal diagnostics to whole-genome haplotyping

The concept of a personal genome stems from the fact that every human genome is unique. Measuring the unique features of a personal genome would help uncover the genetic basis of diseases and traits, and would be increasingly important in clinical diagnosis especially with the growing emphasis on personalized medicine. This thesis focuses on exploring the power of molecular counting to develop novel strategies that address the inadequacy of existing technologies in measuring the unique features of a human genome. The first focus of the thesis is aneuploidy detection, which has major application in prenatal diagnosis. While karyotyping of fetal cells is well-established for detecting aneuploidy, invasive sampling of fetal materials impose a small but significant risk to the health of both the mother and the fetus. A major research focus in the field of prenatal diagnosis has been to develop a noninvasive test for detecting fetal aneuploidy. Here, the concept of single molecule counting was applied to the problem of aneuploidy detection. The concept was first tested with digital PCR on invasively collected fetal materials, and subsequently extended to the noninvasive setting by shotgun sequencing maternal plasma DNA, which contains a small amount of fetal DNA. The former work led to the development of a polymorphism-independent method for rapid invasive diagnosis of aneuploidy, while the later work marked the development of the first polymorphism-independent method for the noninvasive diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy documented in the literature. The second focus of the thesis is molecular haplotyping. Present sequencing and other molecular techniques concentrate at identifying variants at isolated locations throughout a genome but largely ignore the haplotypes formed by these variants. Direct experimental determination of the haplotypes of an individual is challenging because of the lack of techniques to separate the two highly similar homologous copies of a chromosome. Here, a whole-genome haplotyping method was devised by analyzing amplified materials from single intact chromosomes within single cells, made possible by microfluidics. Such strategy enabled, for the first time, completely deterministic measurement of personal whole-genome haplotypes. It sets the stage for the direct sequencing of the two unique haploid genomes of any individual human, which has not been achieved by any personal genomes sequenced to date, and can potentially facilitate noninvasive fetal genome sequencing.

Keywords: Bioengineering.
Advisor: Quake Stephen Ronald primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Altman Russ advisor. Thesis advisor
Covert Markus advisor. Thesis advisor