VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Stepping out of the shadows: the learning of ethical conduct through the "I" and "eye" of physiotherapists

Most participants also had little formal understanding of ethics, ethical issues or ethical decision making, and they did not consciously define ethical decisions as ethical. Rather, they thought of their ethical decisions as clinical decisions and used their tacit knowledge of ethics to make ethical decisions implicitly. Stepping out of the Shadows: The Learning of Ethical Conduct through the "I" and "Eye" of Physiotherapists is an empirical examination of how, when and where physiotherapists learn ethical conduct. Using a grounded theory approach, both narrative inquiry and deliberative inquiry were used to understand the practice of physiotherapy and the learning of ethical conduct in the profession from the point of view of 16 participants. Participants' narratives showed that physiotherapists learn ethical conduct experientially throughout their personal lives and professional careers, with most of the difficult learning occurring early in their careers. Learning ethical conduct is primarily self-taught; regardless of when they were educated, most physiotherapists received no explicit ethics education in either their formal or their continuing education. Despite this, most physiotherapists make good ethical choices. This is probably because physiotherapists rely heavily on their own life experiences and on a broad, supportive network of family members, friends, colleagues and experts to "teach" them about ethical conduct. Given these findings, a narrow view of ethics teaching or education should be avoided. Ethical conduct should instead be learned in a supportive environment where students, physiotherapists and other colleagues model ethical behaviour, share their stories of experience and discuss ethical issues with those they trust to advise and guide them. This supportive environment should extend to personal networks, professional resources and understandable, accessible information on ethics. Taken together, these findings point to a need to balance, or rebalance, the profession's current emphasis on science and evidence in the direction of greater emphasis on or development of the social science, qualitative and humanistic aspects of the profession. My research also found that ethical conduct is best learned when physiotherapists are competent in reflective practice, including self-awareness and self-evaluation, and equally comfortable with the humanist and evidence aspects of the practice of physiotherapy.

Keywords: Physical therapy, Moral and ethical aspects
Medical ethics, Study and teaching
Professional ethics, Study and teaching
Physical therapists, Training of
Tracing the emergence of a blogging/writing community: critical transformations in a grade eight classroom

This study explored the emergence of a class blogging community in a grade eight Language Arts classroom. It defined a class blogging community as an online space where every student had a personal blog and where all individual student blogs were connected, allowing students to view and comment on the work of their peers. Using the lens of Grounded Theory, the study analyzed the work of 15 student participants in a class of 32 students. It documented the emergence of an online class community as well as the impact of the community on the students and the classroom teacher. Specifically, the study looked at the notion of dialogic critique—peer discussions and critiques of written texts—and its impact on the quality of student writing, sense of ownership, confidence, and engagement in learning. The study also addressed the changing role of the teacher within the context of a class blogging community. Three key findings emerged from this study. First, a blogging community was found to be a strong supporting mechanism for dialogic critique and an effective pedagogical tool. Second, dialogic critique had a positive impact on the students' sense of ownership and personal investment in written work, often demonstrating strong engagement in learning and writing. Third, the study demonstrated that a class blogging community has a strong impact on teacher presence. It requires that the teacher extend the classroom discourse beyond traditional academic texts, abandon the evaluative and authoritarian voice, and enter the community as a reader and a co-contributor.
Comparison of pre-operative rofecoxib with ibuprofen for analgesia

The pre-operative administration of rofecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) was compared to ibuprofen for analgesia and side effects following third molar extraction. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 75 patients. Group-R received 50mg rofecoxib 1 hour pre- and 24 hours post-operatively; Group-I, 600mg ibuprofen 1 hour before, then every 6 hours (totalling 8 doses); Group-P, placebo pre- and ibuprofen 600mg post-operatively (7 doses). Patients recorded: pain (100mm-VAS) at 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36; 42 hours, amount and time of rescue medication taken and adverse effects. At 2 hours, Group-R (32 +/- 6mm; mean +/- SEM) and Group-I (31 +/- 5) had less pain compared with Group-P (54 +/- 6) (p
The impact of type 1 diabetes on school attendance

Background. Few investigations have explored the impact of type 1 diabetes (DM) on school attendance. Objectives. (i) To determine if children with DM miss more school than their non-DM siblings and peers; and (ii) To identify factors associated with absenteeism in children with DM. Methods. Absenteeism data for the 2000–2001 school year were obtained for children with DM, their non-DM siblings and age-matched peers. Questionnaires and hospital records were utilized to evaluate child-, family- and DM disease-related factors associated with absenteeism in children with DM. Results. Children with DM missed only slightly, albeit significantly more school than their non-DM siblings and peers. Absenteeism in children with DM was associated with parents' attitudes towards school attendance, children's behaviour, DM duration and metabolic control. Conclusions. With current management strategies, near normal school attendance is a reasonable goal for all children with DM and should be encouraged by parents and health care professionals.
The red-sequence cluster survey

The Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS), consisting of 100 square degrees of imaging in the RC and z ′ filters, is the largest moderately-deep imaging survey currently being carried out. The primary goal of the survey is to identify a large sample of galaxy clusters over a broad redshift and mass range, suitable for a number of studies focused in the areas of cosmology and galaxy evolution. Critical to the success of the RCS has been the development of a new method for finding galaxy clusters. This method solves the problem of projection which has plagued previous deep optical cluster searches. A detailed justification for the method in the context of current knowledge of galaxy clusters is given, as well as a detailed description of the cluster finding algorithm. It is argued that this method, in conjunction with the imaging now available with large format cameras on moderate-sized telescopes, represents by far the most efficient method for detecting galaxy clusters to at least redshift one. The survey strategy of the RCS is described, as is the data processing pipeline. A cluster catalog based on an analysis of first two complete survey patches (of twenty-two) is also given. This catalog is analysed using photometric methods to produce an estimate of the redshift evolution of the cluster mass spectrum, N(M, z). Combined with detailed modeling of the RCS cluster selection functions, and large scale n-body simulations from the literature, the measured N(M, z) shows that it is possible to measure cluster masses using only photometric data. Eventually, a similar analysis using the entire RCS sample will provide strong constraints on the matter density of the universe, Ω M, and the normalisation of the cosmological power spectrum, σ 8. A detailed description of a newly discovered RCS cluster, RCS J0224-0002, is also given. RCS J0224-0002 is likely the single most striking strong-lensing cluster ever discovered, and some of the potential of such systems is described. A quick description of five lensing systems discovered in the RCS is provided; together these systems represent a major new sample of strong lensing clusters. This thesis concludes with a summary of much of the other work being done with RCS data, and an indication of some of the followup currently planned or in progress. We also briefly describe plans for RCS-2, and argue that cluster surveys at z < 1 using X-rays or the SZ effect are inefficient in comparison with optical surveys in light of these planned data.
Defining the limits and scope of the national treatment obligation in the GATT: A law and economics approach

The national treatment obligation embodied in Article III of the GATT prohibits the application of internal tax and other regulatory measures so as to afford protection to domestic products. Regional trading regimes, such as European Union, and countries with federal system of governance, such as the United States, also have legal norms aimed at preventing their constituent states from imposing similar taxes or regulations. Because of its potential reach to virtually all governmental policies, the precise limits and scope of the national treatment obligation, particularly in situations where tax or regulatory measures make distinctions between products on the basis of certain characteristics other than origin and accord different treatment to each of them with a more burdensome impact on imported products than on domestic products, has been a matter of intense debate among legal scholars. This thesis attempts to contribute to the debate as to the clarity and predictability of the limits and scope of the national treatment obligation under the GATT. It does so firstly by proposing a tightly-structured economic approach, drawn largely on analytical frameworks used in anti-trust contexts particularly in defining relevant markets and determining anti-competitive exclusions, to interpreting the provisions of Article III of the GATT and the underlying concepts of product likeness and less favorable tax or regulatory treatment. The proposed approach suggests that an internal tax or regulation applied to domestic and imported products should be considered to have afforded protection to domestic production if the imported and domestic products in question have a substantial competitive relationship between them and if a tax or regulatory measure modifies the equality of competitive conditions for imported and domestic products to the competitive advantage of domestic products. Second, the thesis examines, from the perspectives of predictability and clarity, the basic premises of the analytical frameworks followed by the GATT/WTO dispute settlement bodies, the European Court of Justice and the Supreme Court of the United States to determining the legitimacy of a contested tax or regulation under the legal norms aimed at preventing the protective application of internal taxation or regulation. Third, it analyses the alternative tests suggested by various legal scholars and the normative and practical advantages and problems associated with them. Finally, it also evaluates the limitations and policy implications of the economic approach proposed in this thesis.
How preschool autism programs work: parent and staff perceptions

The interviews were then analysed in greater depth in order to produce a grounded theory. Three overarching categories emerged in this analysis: stakeholders' roles, attitude toward early intervention, and attitude toward autism. Examination of stakeholders' understanding of each other's roles revealed that many parents were unclear about the role of psychologists in TPAS. Moreover, there was a diversity of opinions regarding parental involvement in the program. Analysis of stakeholders' attitudes toward early intervention revealed that most stakeholders, parents and staff alike, did not subscribe to the basic principles of early intervention. Finally, analysis of stakeholders' attitudes toward autism revealed that a medical/deficit approach to autism prevailed. A different approach, viewing children with autism as having different motivations and needs, was markedly less dominant. The medical/deficit approach dominated stakeholders' understanding of autism, of early intervention, and of the way TPAS works. The objective of the study was to gain an in-depth understanding of parent and staff perceptions of preschool autism programs. Forty-eight individuals who were involved with the Toronto Preschool Autism Service (TPAS), a preschool intervention program serving children ages two to six in the Greater Toronto Area were interviewed for this study. Guided by the "logic model" approach, the qualitative analysis produced two alternative models that described the way the program works. These models were presented to the stakeholders in three focus groups where stakeholders had the opportunity to generate a theoretical model based on their understanding of the findings brought before them. These models were synthesized into a final model that was again presented to stakeholders and finalized. The final logic model is an important product of this dissertation with implications for program evaluation, and further research in this field. The model suggests that the emphasis in the literature on intelligence as the foremost outcome indicator of program success is unwarranted. Instead, the model suggests more emphasis on mediating factors such as quality of implementation and child and family characteristics, as well as on evaluating several short- and long-term goals. Additional specific recommendations regarding future quantitative evaluations based on this model are outlined in the body of this work.

Keywords: Parents of autistic children, Attitudes
Autistic children, Behavior modification
Teachers of children with disabilities, Attitudes
Preschool children, Services for
What's past is prologue: a historical-institutionalist analysis of public-private change in Ontario's rehabilitation health sector, 1985-1999

The dissertation addresses the privatization of rehabilitation services in Ontario over a 15-year period during which three ideologically distinct administrations held office in the province: the Peterson Liberals (1985-1990); the Rae NDP (1990-1995); and the Harris Conservatives (1995-1999). Its chief questions are: How is it that a clear, rapid, and virtually uncontested trajectory of privatization developed in a Canadian health care sector across three such ideologically distinct administrations? And what are the features of this privatization? To address the first question, the author employs a historical-institutionalist conceptual framework to analyze the trajectory of policy change that occurred. She compares policy changes occurring over the course of the three administrations in the three ministries, and their corresponding communities, at whose intersection rehabilitation policy is set: the Ministry of Health, for public health care insurance; the Ministry of Finance, for automobile casualty insurance; and the Ministry of Labour, for workplace injury insurance. With respect to the second question, she uses the Stoddart and Labelle (1985) framework of five axes of privatization (financing, management, administration, regulation, and ownership) to analyze changes in the public-private boundary for rehabilitation services. And she proposes the addition of a sixth axis: political privatization. She draws her data almost exclusively from extensive documentation that exists in the public record, and analyzes it in accordance with these two frameworks. Theoretically, the thesis is concerned with state retrenchment in public-policy arenas (the three insurance areas). The author concludes that the institutional organization of policy making in the rehabilitation health sector--in particular, its fragmentation--was a key factor in the trajectory of privatization that developed. She suggests that institutional organization of policy arenas may be a factor more generally in where and how retrenchment occurs. And she suggests a concept of "ricochet effects" to describe the unanticipated interaction effects in a policy arena characterized by such organizational fragmentation.
The effects of incision size on craniofacial nociceptive neuronal excitability

The aim of this study was to determine if incision size influences craniofacial nociceptive neuronal activation (magnitude [BAR] and duration [BAR-dur]) and the development of neuroplastic changes (mechanical activation threshold [MAT], mechanoreceptive field [RF], and spontaneous activity [SA]). Neuronal activity was recorded from trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc)/C1 neurons in 32 halothane-anaesthetized rats. The effects a 30-, 22-, or 14-gauge incision or lidocaine infiltration prior to a 14-gauge incision were evaluated. Incision size significantly influenced BAR-dur (2-way ANOVA, Tukey test, P<0.05) but not BAR (P>0.05) nor the development of neuroplastic changes (Chi-squared tests, P>0.05). Lidocaine pretreatment significantly reduced BAR (2-way ANOVA, Tukey test, P<0.05) and BAR-dur (2-way ANOVA, Tukey test, P<0.05), but did not consistently prevent neuroplastic changes (Fisher Exact tests, P>0.05). These findings suggest that a reduced incision size or the use of local anaesthesia may reduce pain experienced during needle insertion or conservative surgical incision within the craniofacial region.
Court-connected alternative dispute resolution: the Ontario mandatory mediation program and the German obligatory settlement procedure. Approaches to achieving early case settlement: a comparative analysis

Court connected mandatory mediation programs are becoming increasingly important in the realm of civil litigation in Canada. The German legislature has recently tried to further early case settlement with the introduction of a settlement procedure. However, the idea of making an attempt at reaching a settlement in a mediation session compulsory is still rejected. Relying on the Ontario mandatory mediation program and its official evaluation, this thesis argues that mandatory mediation has proven successful with regard to a reduction of time and cost spent in the civil litigation process. It concludes that a mandatory mediation pilot project in civil matters should be implemented in Germany. In addition, this thesis suggests a framework of aspects for a hypothetical mandatory mediation program in German civil litigation.

Keywords: Dispute resolution (Law), Germany
Mediation, Ontario
Mediation, Germany
Plato's code: philosophical foundations of knowledge in education

This thesis examines the philosophy of education presented in Plato's dialogues. It dates the composition of these writings to the time of the transition of Greek culture and education from orality to literacy following the adoption of the phonetic alphabet. It shows that an awareness of this revolution in the technology for storing and retrieving communication has not been incorporated into our paradigm for interpreting Plato's philosophy. The study takes Homer as an example of a literature with roots in an oral tradition. It explains how poetry functioned as a technology for preserving culture, and how formulas, the sequential ordering of topics, and the geometric ring structure were techniques used by the poets to recite the epics from memory, and by the audience as a guide to reception. Applying to Plato an understanding of the principles of the oral traditional style used to structure the verse in Homer allows us to see, in the dialogues, certain characteristic mnemonic patterns that have not been noticed until now. Recognizing the oral patterns in these writings opens the door to a comprehension of the “unwritten doctrine” of principles attributed to Plato by Aristotle, which scholars in the modern era have had difficulty finding in the dialogues. The analysis centers on the instructions in Plato's Sophist for drawing the lines that divide the definition of “art” ([special characters omitted]) into a sequence of topics, The study shows that this geometry provides the framework for the mnemonic ring composition. The ideas classed in each topic in this definition make up a sequence that recurs in every dialogue. This same series is repeated in Xenophon's Memorabilia and in Aristotle's Poetics. It is also present in the Chuang Tzu and in Genesis 1–3 of the Old Testament. The frequency of the occurrence of this multi-part sequence makes it unlikely that it is either random or accidental. That it turns up in four other ancient works that have been dated to the same time period (428–301 B.C.E.) adds even more weight to the conclusion. These different treatises were all shaped by the techniques and conventions of an oral traditional system of philosophy.

Keywords: Oral tradition
Written communication
Education, Greek
Education, Philosophy
Philosophy, Ancient
Reading comprehension abilities in adolescents with reading disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Reading comprehension difficulties have been inconsistently described in two common developmental childhood disorders: Reading Disabilities (RD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The etiology, however, of these difficulties is not well understood and the explanation is made more obscure by the high rates of comorbidity between these groups. This study investigated the nature of oral and silent reading comprehension abilities as well as reading related components in the RD and ADHD populations. Participants included 96 adolescents: 32 ADHD, 20 RD, 19 ADHD and RD, and 25 normal controls. A number of standardized measures were used to compare abilities across reading comprehension, reading and language component skills, working memory ability, and attention. Regressions analyses were used to examine the relationship between different reading and language component skills and reading comprehension. Commonality analyses were conducted to explore the interrelationships between the predictors of reading comprehension. Adolescents in the RD groups (RD only and ADHD + RD) had lower scores on measures of reading comprehension relative to normal controls, although these scores remained within the average range. Adolescents in the ADHD group showed more difficulties on silent reading comprehension compared to normal controls, but their scores also remained within the average range. Both the RD group and the ADHD group had significantly lower scores on word reading efficiency compared to the normal comparison group, although the scores for the ADHD group were average. The RD group had significantly lower scores across naming tasks while the ADHD group experienced particular difficulties on nonalphanumeric naming tasks. Adolescents in the RD groups demonstrated more difficulties on language tasks, whereas, the ADHD group shared difficulties with the RD group on an expressive language task requiring the organization of language. Word reading efficiency and language abilities were significant predictors of reading comprehension abilities. Additional reading and language components, such as verbal working memory and inattention, did not make significant contributions beyond reading efficiency and receptive language. Results are discussed with respect to theoretical, clinical, and educational implications. The study emphasizes the importance of targeting interventions for fluency and language weaknesses to address reading comprehension difficulties.

Keywords: Reading comprehension
Reading disability
Attention-deficit disorder in adolescence