VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Seismically enhanced light-frame residential structures [electronic resource]

Seismic damage to buildings can be mitigated by enhancing the strength and stiffness of the lateral-force resisting system. Wood and cold-formed steel framed shear wall buildings present opportunities for implementing a strength- and stiffness-enhanced seismic design approach because these structures are relatively light, often include floor plans with plentiful wall areas, and are sensitive to damage at small levels of deformation. In light-frame construction, architectural finishes including gypsum wallboard partitions and stucco cladding can be particularly effective in increasing resistance to seismic loads if they are strengthened, stiffened, and integrated into the structural system. These enhancements can be achieved through the use of improved dowel-type fasteners and adhesives to connect sheathing and cladding to framing. This dissertation describes the development of strength- and stiffness-enhanced concepts for light-frame construction. A series of tests on enhanced light-frame components and walls confirmed that simple alterations to conventional walls can increase strength and stiffness several fold. Finite element wall models were developed to capture the behavior of enhanced light-frame walls and structures of varying geometry. A design approach for strength- and stiffness-enhanced light-frame structures that aims to drastically limit damaging building drifts during the design level earthquake is explained. For near-fault areas, parameters for a low-cost sliding isolation system to be used in conjunction with enhanced light-frame structures are recommended. A performance-based evaluation of strength- and stiffness-enhanced light-frame structures indicates that these buildings meet collapse safety targets under severe ground motions while reducing the probability of exceeding damaging seismic drifts by 60% to 80% when compared to conventional light-frame structures.

Keywords: Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Advisor: Deierlein Gregory G. (Gregory Gerard)
Fell Benjamin
Miranda Eduardo (Miranda Mijares) advisor. Thesis advisor
Sex Education: An Anti-Feminist Socialization of American Youth

My research is on the ways in which young adults have come to learn about sex and
sexuality specifically through parent/guardian teachings and formal sex education.
Through my work, I analyze interviews conducted with 25 undergraduates at Stanford
University on their memories of sex education, using their narratives to complement
statistics that surround teen pregnancy and STI rates in the US. I engage with social
theory on socialization, female oppression, and the performance of gender, as well as
existing literature on sex education and the state of reproductive health. The aim of this
paper is to showcase the manner in which sex education plays a role in the perpetuation
of problematic gender socialization binaries through misleading sex education practices.
I demonstrate the benefit participant narratives can provide in illustrating more about
the human experience behind national reproductive health concerns, with the goal of
proposing nuanced approaches to such issues.

Keywords:  Department of Anthropology
Sex education
young adults
narrative
gender socialization
Stanford University Department of Anthropology
Thesis
Advisor: Ebron Paulla
Malkki Liisa
Silver nanowire transparent electrodes [electronic resource]

Metal nanowire based transparent electrodes offer a lower cost, mechanically flexible alternative to industry standard transparent conductive oxides without making any optical or electrical performance tradeoffs. My PhD research has been focused on making high performance, fully solution processed transparent electrodes using meshes of randomly oriented, high aspect ratio silver nanowires (AgNWs). In this dissertation, I will cover several aspects of my work in this area. First, I will discuss the use of computer simulations to understand what has historically limited the performance of metal nanowire networks with an eye on understanding the changes that can be made during fabrication and post processing to address these performance limitations and increase overall transparent conductor performance. Secondly, I will cover the deposition and post-processing techniques I have developed to produce the highest performance solution processed transparent electrodes which reach a sheet resistance of 6.3 ohm/s while maintaining 92% visible light transmission, besting the performance metrics of the industry standard transparent conductor, ITO. I will cover the design and operating principals of a custom built deposition tool which uses silver nanowires having diameters 35-90nm and lengths 10-30µm to produce uniform, large area electrodes by a spray deposition method. I will also discuss the use of a laser annealing method to further increase the conductivity of these silver nanowire electrodes. Finally, I will discuss the integration of these high performance transparent conductors into several different types of optoelectronic devices. These devices include organic light emitting diodes with enhanced off-normal transmission, and a semi-transparent perovskite solar cell with 77% peak light transmission and 12.7% power conversion efficiency which is used as the top cell in a four terminal tandem architecture with a CIGS bottom cell giving an 18.6% tandem.

Keywords: Electrical Engineering.
Advisor: McGehee Michael
Howe Roger Thomas advisor. Thesis advisor
Salleo Alberto
Simulating how humans hear themselves vocalize [electronic resource] : a two-parameter spectral model

It is well known that people are often uncomfortable while hearing their recorded singing and speaking voice. This discomfort caused by the unfamiliarity with the recorded voice, compared to normal hearing, is due to a different transmission mechanism; listening to one's recorded voice only involves a single air-conduction pathway, whereas the voice we hear when we sing and speak propagates through both an air-conduction and a boneconduction pathway. Despite the well-known phenomenon, one's own hearing has received less attention among researchers since it is a very complex process involving multiple paths from vocal cords to hearing sensations. In addition, studying the auditory mechanism and perception of living humans adds more difficulty because of ethical concerns. In this dissertation, we conduct a perceptual experiment in order to investigate spectral characteristics of one's own hearing. Through this perceptual method, we expect to overcome the difficulties in the mechanical studies. Moreover, we develop a model of one's own hearing with two parameters based on the conclusive experimental result. This study is the first to propose a novel and simple model of own's own hearing and contribute many potential applications from medical devices to general consumer electronics. First, we design and implement an equalizer having eight frequency bands. Then, we conduct two experiments with different groups -- amateur singers and professional singers -- using speech and singing voice samples. During the experiment, subjects process their recorded voice by the equalizer, and determine the proximity of match to the imagined sung voice. We estimate transfer functions from air conduction to one's own hearing based on the chosen equalizer settings. In the result, we observe that the transfer functions intra-subject are relatively consistent and feature mostly band-pass filters. Moreover, the averaged transfer functions among subjects also present a relatively high degree of similarity regardless of gender and level of singing experience. The consistency of transfer functions allows us to develop a model. In the first simplification procedure, we run singular value decomposition (SVD) and calculate a lowdimensional approximation of the original data. Then, we derive three models from the reduced rank-2 matrix by further data simplification and filter alteration. After performing pilot tests with each model, we conclude that the third model, having one constant filter and two variable filters, can closely simulate one's own hearing with less effort. Lastly, we proceed the validation experiment and demonstrate the accuracy and usability of the model with positive feedback from participants.

Keywords: Music.
Advisor: Berger Jonathan
Chafe Chris advisor. Thesis advisor
Slaney Malcolm advisor. Thesis advisor
Wang Ge advisor. Thesis advisor
Simulating the visual experience of very bright and very dark scenes using afterimages and mesopic effects [electronic resource]

The human visual system can operate in a wide range of illumination levels, due to several adaptation processes working in concert. For the most part, these adaptation mechanisms are transparent, leaving the observer unaware of his or her absolute adaptation state. At extreme illumination levels, however, some of these mechanisms produce perceivable secondary effects, or epiphenomena. In bright light, these include bleaching afterimages and adaptation afterimages, while in dark conditions these include desaturation, loss of acuity, mesopic hue shift, and the Purkinje effect. In this work we examine whether simulating and displaying these effects explicitly can be used to extend the apparent dynamic range of a conventional computer display. We present phenomenological models for each effect, we describe efficient computer graphics methods for rendering our models, and we propose a gaze-adaptive display system that injects the effects into imagery on a standard computer monitor. Finally, we report the results of psychophysical experiments, which reveal that while mesopic epiphenomena are a strong cue that a stimulus is very dark, afterimages have little impact on perception that a stimulus is very bright.

Advisor: Levoy Marc primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Horowitz Mark advisor. Thesis advisor
Pulli Kari
Simulation of 3-D blood flow in the full systemic arterial tree and computational frameworks for efficient parameter estimation [electronic resource]

Computational methods for simulating blood flow have become powerful tools to gain insight into the physical behavior of the cardiovascular system in health and disease. This work is aimed at developing computational tools and models for the investigation of age-related arterial stiffening and its relationship to the underlying hemodynamics. Due to the complex geometry and spatially-varying material properties of the central arteries, and the hemodynamics therein, large-scale three-dimensional computational models of arterial mechanics can improve our ability to interpret current clinical hemodynamic metrics and to advance our fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of disease progression. We have built a novel computational model of fully three-dimensional and unsteady hemodynamics within the primary large arteries in the human systemic circulation from head to legs. We demonstrated that this virtual full body systemic arterial tree is able to reproduce many of the key local and global hemodynamic features of the human arterial circulation and is a promising first step toward further computational analyses of the relationship between blood flow and arterial stiffening. As part of this work, we have tested and implemented an important boundary condition for the arterial fluid-solid interaction problem that mimics the tethering effect of the external tissues and stabilizes simulations in large networks of vessels. The task of efficiently fitting large-scale 3-D models to patient-specific measurements is challenging due to the computational effort required for a single simulation and the number of model parameters involved. We implemented two different computational frameworks for parameter estimation: the first is based on computationally inexpensive one-dimensional analogues of the full 3-D system. The second method is based on sequential data-assimilation techniques, specifically, nonlinear Kalman filtering. We demonstrate that these frameworks may be used to rapidly estimate the parameters of large-scale 3-D models based on clinical measurements of blood flow, pressure, and vessel wall distensibility.

Keywords: Bioengineering.
Advisor: Covert Markus primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Figueroa Alvarez Carlos primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Kuhl Ellen
Single-molecule studies of real protein synthesis [electronic resource]

Translation, the last step in the process of cellular gene expression, is essential to life in all of its forms. At the center of translation is the ribosome, a multi-megadalton assembly of highly structured RNA and numerous proteins that together form a molecular-machine capable of both reading the genetic code and catalyzing the formation of the peptide bonds that connect the amino-acid building blocks of proteins. The ribosomal exit tunnel is the last point of interaction between the newly synthesized protein and the cellular gene-expression machinery and was for years thought to play only a passive role in the synthesis of protein, serving as nothing more than an inert conduit through which the peptide passes on its way into the cytosol. However, over the last several years an increasing body of evidence has suggested an active role for the tunnel in the control of expression of certain peptide sequences. Among these is SecM, a bacterial secretion monitor capable of stalling translation elongation on the prokaryotic ribosome in a co-factor independent manner. Extensive biochemical and cryo-EM structural studies have demonstrated that the SecM nascent chain stalls the ribosome by specifically interacting with the 50S subunit exit tunnel to inhibit peptide bond formation. However, how the SecM sequence changes translation dynamics prior to stalling and whether there are other necessary interactions with the ribosome not captured in the final stalled state, remains unclear. Using single-molecule fluorescence techniques combined with newly developed 'complete' in-vitro translation systems I monitored ribosome conformation and composition over the course of translation of a number of complex mRNA sequences. I demonstrate that the mechanism of SecM stalling involves a cascade of precisely timed peptide / tunnel interactions. In addition, the existence of a heretofore unknown family of E.coli stall sequences was conclusively demonstrated, and it was shown that some of the interactions involved in SecM-induced stalling contribute also to ribosomal stalling during translation of this new family of stall sequences. These results underscore the roles that the 50S subunit exit tunnel and nascent chain play in controlling translation and gene expression, while demonstrating the power and generality of single-molecule techniques to the discovery of previously unknown molecular phenomena and their mechanisms of action.

Keywords: Structural Biology.
Advisor: Puglisi Joseph D. primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Levitt Michael
Sarnow P. (Peter) advisor. Thesis advisor
The sirin defense [electronic resource] [electronic resource] / : Berlin, Paris, and interwar Russian literature

"The Sirin Defense: Berlin, Paris, and Interwar Russian Literature" presents several cross-sections of the Russian literary emigration between 1920 and 1940, focusing in particular on the work of Vladimir Nabokov and Vladislav Khodasevich. Close readings of novels, poetry, memoirs, and criticism are informed by an attention to the emerging cultural formations of interwar France and Germany, in particular cinema, urban surface culture, and professional chess. Particular prominence is given to the relationship between a writer's life and his art within the publishing context of the Russian emigration. The changing careers of Nabokov and Khodasevich are presented as self-conscious case studies in answer to the question, how does one become a writer in exile?.

Keywords: Slavic Languages and Literatures.
Advisor: Freidin Gregory primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Greenleaf Monika
Safran Gabriella
Slavery, conversion, and religious geography in Portuguese India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries [electronic resource]

Slaves toiled in Portuguese India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, originating from a variety of places, including East Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and different parts of India. Yet, the legal status they occupied, the types of tasks they completed, and their ethnic origins were not the only ways in which they were identified. In the early modern Portuguese world, their religious affiliation formed a key component of identity. Through the establishment of the Goan Inquisition, detailed information about slaves' religious choices, words, and actions entered the written historical record. This dissertation examines the complex world of slavery in sixteenth and seventeenth- century Portuguese India. It utilizes detailed Goan and Lisbon Inquisition cases of slaves and slaveholders, contextualizing the cases with 2254 Goan Inquisition case summaries. This dissertation explores the flights of slaves and freed slaves in the context of overlapping political and religious spatial boundaries, investigating the political implications of slaves' conversions to Islam. Most slaves prosecuted by the Goan Inquisition were converts to Islam from Catholicism, which I argue is significant given that in this era Muslims were considered both religious and political enemies. Drawing from the Lisbon Tribunal cases of New Christians residing in Goa, this dissertation also examines the nature of master-slave relations, during an era in which inquisitors intervened in the master-slave hierarchy.

Keywords: History.
Advisor: Hanretta Sean
Roberts Richard L.
Campbell James T.
Social networks [electronic resource] : the making of female migrant sex workers in post-socialist China

While estimates vary dramatically, roughly 6 to 10 million women are working in the sex trade (Fu and Choy 2010). This dissertation examines the role of social networks in making and remaking female sex worker communities (xiaojie) as the sex trade, involving migration, has become an increasingly common means of livelihood in post-socialist China. Drawing on theories of social relations as well as studies of gendered migration in anthropology and relevant fields, I specifically explore the complex social mechanisms through which migrant sex workers make and remake their lives with attention to their daily interactions, multiple discourses, and negotiated practices. This study draws on fieldwork I conducted for twenty-six months between 2006 and 2009, primarily in a red-light neighborhood in Haikou, the capital city of the southernmost province of Hainan. As I became a part of the mobile women's networks, my research naturally extended beyond the geographic boundaries of the neighborhood into multiple sites, from urban red-light neighborhoods to suburban brothels, from observations of sex workers' business activities to public health interventions, from discussions with their neighbors to holidays with their families. It is a unique and important characteristic of my study that I interacted not only with sex workers, but also with various social actors embedded in their networks (i.e., family members, urban neighbors, boyfriends, colleagues, madams, and clients). This is a research method that allows for a fuller understanding of the inter-relationships and mutual perceptions among sex workers and those around them. The central argument of my dissertation develops out of this fieldwork. Much to my surprise, I discovered that, rather than being socially isolated, the sex workers have strong social connections, and their social networks mold this community and, by extension, restructure its cultural ideologies and social structures. I learned that, the women shape, and are shaped by, their social networks and that these networks are interwoven with gender and class to form their values, aspirations, and practices, and, by extension, their suffering (e.g., STIs), subjectivity, and lived experiences. Interestingly, the social networks make it possible for migrant women in the sex trade to cross what otherwise might appear to us to be fixed social boundaries (e.g. boundaries between "prostitute" and "general public," and between relations of commodified intimacy and genuine emotional connection). While these women have strong agency, realize upper social mobility, and change social association (guanxi) patterns, they concurrently suffer emotionally and physically, and social networks play a critical role in the process as 21st China goes through dramatic transformations.

Keywords: Anthropology.
Advisor: Jones James Holland primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Luhrmann T. M. (Tanya M.)
Bird Rebecca (Rebecca Bliege) advisor. Thesis advisor
Kohrman Matthew
McCarty Christopher
Society theater [electronic resource] : a laboratory for esthetic and social change (1715-1815)

In France, the 18th century was a time of great enthusiasm for the theater. Princes, aristocrats and bourgeois could not slake their passion by attending the official theaters and they staged plays in their private residences to recreate the dramatic experience. People became amateur actors with unprecedented fervor and participated in a new form of sociability known as "society or private theater." Although long dismissed by critics as minor and unimportant, society theater had a lasting impact on the development and evolution of French theater during the 18th century. In addition, because society plays were closer to contemporary life than official dramatic works, they reveal that this practice introduced, tested, and disseminated new social ideas among the participants. Using the metaphor of the laboratory, this study advances a reevaluation of society theater as medium of esthetic and social change. The first chapter traces the history of the practice from its inception to the end of the Napoleonic Empire. Esthetic innovations and main characteristics of the genre are then analyzed before presenting an account of the reception and treatment of society theater in the 18th-century official and unofficial press. The unique social functions of this practice are then revealed through discussion of laughter. An illustration of the way society theater introduced, tested, and disseminated new ideas is presented through examination of the treatment of love in society plays. Finally, the subversive side of the practice is underlined using a couple of representative case studies. Works by Charles Collé, Carmontelle, Marivaux, and Beaumarchais are analyzed.

Keywords: French and Italian.
Advisor: Apostolidès Jean-Marie primary advisor. Thesis advisor
Alduy Cécile advisor. Thesis advisor
Edelstein Dan advisor. Thesis advisor
Robert Yann
Wittman Laura advisor. Thesis advisor