VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Sermon manuscripts in the Late Middle Ages: the Latin and German codices of Berthold von Regensburg

This thesis on medieval sermon manuscripts aims to increase our understanding of the Franciscan Berthold von Regensburg, who is considered to be the most significant German preacher of the late Middle Ages. For this reason, I have selected twenty-one Latin and six German codices, dating from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century. These codices have been analyzed to identify the writing material, internal structure and paratextual features. The underlying idea is that the codicological and paratextual organisation delivers insight not only into the date and provenance of the manuscripts, but also into their function and actual use.
I set out, in my first chapter, with some general thoughts about the specific process of communication involved in sermon manuscripts. The focus of my second chapter is on the structural and guiding elements in manuscripts, such as indices, numbering systems and various types of rubrication. The third chapter is concerned with marginal annotations, which can refer to the content of the text, call for attention, or even aim to deter from reading or copying a particular passage. In chapter four, I discuss a number of current issues in codicology and the complexity of codicological structures, which leads me to the proposition of a new concept of ‘corresponding codicological units’. In the fifth chapter, I argue that the attribution of Berthold’s sermons to his name fades in the late-thirteenth century, in favour of the term Rusticanus, which fills the position of the author for the the most part of the fourteenth century. In my final chapter, I discuss different concepts of book ownership.
By demonstrating the significance of material and structural features, I show the strength of a codicological approach in achieving a new, in-depth understanding of Berthold von Regensburg and medieval sermon culture in general.

Keywords: Berthold von Regensburg
Medieval Manuscripts
Sermons
Advisor: Palmer, N
Turks, Arabs and Jewish Immigration into Palestine

It is commonly maintained that prior to World War I all was well between Jews and Arabs in Palestine. According to this view, the Jews were too few and the Arabs too inarticulate for discord to have manifested itself. Amongst the Arabs there was, at most, only rudimentary opposition to Jewish settlement in the country, and the general harmony was not broken until the British promised national sovereignty to both the Arabs and the Jews in the course of the Great War.
This study seeks to do three things. It attempts to trace the development of the Ottoman Government's position regarding Jewish immigration into Palestine between 1882 and 1914, to describe how this policy was translated into practice by the authorities in Palestine, and to discover how the Arabs reacted to this influx of Jews in the light of Ottoman official policy and practice. This study, which is based mainly on diplomatic and Jewish records, reaches the conclusion that the popular notion of Arab- Jewish harmony in Palestine prior to 1914 has little grounding in fact.

Advisor: Hourani, A
Proton NMR studies of intact cells

The technique of 1H spin echo n.m.r. has been used for the non-invasive study of enzyme catalysed 1H/2H equilibrium isotope exchange at the C-2 position of lactate in suspensions of human erythroeytes. The intracellular environment of the enzymes involved in this exchange has been investigated by comparing the exchange properties of the enzymes in the intact cell with the properties they display in vitro.
A study of the exchange of the lactate C-2 substituent with solvent, which is catalysed by a coupled system of four glycolytic enzymes, has teen used to examine the kinetic properties of the individual enzymes in vitro. Measurements of the exchange in the intact cell have been used to investigate the in situ kinetic properties of one of these enzymes, glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase. Contrary to the conclusions of previous studies with the isolated enzyme in vitro, these measurements have shown that the enzyme is not rate determining for glycolytic flux in the human erythrocyte and that it is unlikely that it is bound to the cell membrane in situ.
A study of 1H/2H exchange between the C-2 positions of methyl labelled lactate molecules, catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase, has been used to investigate the in situ kinetic properties of this enzyme. Comparison of these properties with those it displays in vitro indicate that the free intracellular NAD(H) concentration in the erythrocyte is only approximately 10% of the total extractable concentration. A considerable fraction of the coenzyme must be bound, therefore, in the intact cell. This type of experiment should be widely applicable to a variety of tissues and possibly to different dehydrogenases.
Theoretical aspects of bulk isotope exchange kinetics in multi-enzyme systems are examined and the effects of chemical flux, and of isotope effects, on the measurement of isotopic flux are considered. The advantages of the n.m.r. method over conventional radioactive tracer techniques are described.
It is concluded that 1H n.m.r. studies of 1H/2H isotope exchange may be used to obtain information about the kinetic properties of enzymes in intact cellular systems. The technique should be a useful complement, therefore, to the currently more widely used n.m.r. methods employing the 31P and 13C nuclei and to other methods used for the non-invasive study of metabolism.

Advisor: Campbell, I
The Domain Model of an Adaptive Learning System for Poor Comprehenders

Comprehension of stories involves the decoding of the text, the activation of prior knowledge and, ultimately, the construction of a coherent mental representation of what the story is about. Nowadays, more and more 8-10 year-old children turn out to be poor comprehenders: they demonstrate text comprehension diculties, despite pro ciency in decoding and well developed low-level cognitive skills, like vocabulary knowledge. A few adaptive learning systems promote reading interventions, but not for poor comprehenders. The TERENCE EU project aims at building a learning system that adapts its learning material to the speci c needs of poor comprehenders. For creating the conceptual model of the TERENCE system, we rst need to understand (1) who the end users are, and (2) what the learning material is. This thesis rst analyses and speci es the user requirements of poor comprehenders, both hearing and deaf, thereby laying the groundwork for building the ontologies of the conceptual model of TERENCE. The main learning material of TERENCE will consist in illustrated stories, and interactive games for reasoning about the stories. The domain sub-model of the TERENCE conceptual mode structures this learning material. It is thus composed of two main ontologies: one for stories, the other for reasoning games. The main objective of this thesis is to start building the domain ontologies of the TERENCE adaptive learning system. To the best of our knowledge, our domain ontologies are the rst pertaining to stories (story ontology) and reading interventions (game ontology) speci c for poor comprehenders. Our engineering of the domain ontologies meant analysing the following material: (1) concept schemes and concepts pertaining to text diculty, mainly for the story ontology, and (2) several taxonomies of reading comprehension and reading interventions, mainly for the game ontology. The material and the resulting ontologies were assessed under the guidance of the respective domain experts. Specifying the context of use and the requirements of poor comprehenders also help us shape the student model of the TERENCE system. This model is again realised as an ontology. This thesis concludes presenting the purposes, the expected format and sources (ontologies and not) for the student model, as well as its relations with the domain ontologies and the user requirements speci ed in this thesis.
Linguistic representation

The study is concerned with some aspects of the philosophical development of Russell and Wittgenstein in the period in which their doctrines interacted closely with each other. The questions investigated -nay be summarised as follows: (i) What does it mean to say that language represents reality in an isomorphic manner ? (ii) How is it possible for language to represent reality isomorphically and yet be related to it in such a way that the relation it has in virtue of its sense is independent of the relation it has in virtue of its truth?
In answering these questions, particular attention has been paid to Russell's unpublished Manuscript Epistemology (1913) because of the impact it had on Wittgenstein, who severely criticised it. These criticisms began to emerge, as an alternative to Russell's views, in 'Notes on Logic' and in the other pre-Tractarian writings. It is in the Tractatus, eventually, that the two-fold relation between language and reality, which Russell's position left unexplained, is accounted for, by virtue of the distinction form/structure.
The following are the central theses of this study: (a) Although Russell and Wittgenstein share the assumption of linguistic isomorphic representation, their isomorphisms are totally different, since Wittgenstein makes the distinction form/structure and Russell does not; (b) Wittgenstein's development from the earlier writings to the Tractatus may be viewed in terms of the emergence of distinctions such as, the world as substance/the world as fact, possibilities/ actualities, form/structure, which lie at the heart of the Tractatus and serve to substantiate its central semantic doctrine concerning the language-reality relation of representation; (c) since the Tractatus maintains the principle that 'sense is independent of the facts' (i.e., that there is an independence or priority of sense over truth) then a proposition's relation to reality cannot be accounted for by means of ostension, for such an account involves the denial of the principle; (d) the divergence between Russell and Wittgenstein as regards the main concern of the Tractatus, centres on the divergence of their views concerning the vagueness of ordinary language; (e) a central aspect of the unity of Wittgenstein's entire philosophy, as regards the internal relation- ship between language and reality, lies in his conception of form.
Stochastic inventory theory and the demand for money

This thesis describes an inventory-theoretic approach to the study of the demand for money. It aims to connect money demand theory with optimal inventory theory on the one hand and with time series empirical evidence on the other. Thus it incorporates recent advances in inventory theory and extends these to allow the interest rate to follow a stochastic process. The problem of minimising the expected, discounted suns of cash-management costs is ascribed to an agent. Through the use of continuous-time, stochastic, optimal control an optimal cash-management policy is shown to exist and be of a familiar target-threshold form. Closed-form expressions for the forward-looking time-varying targets and thresholds are derived in special cases. The steady-state, Baumol-Tabin model, a further special case, also is examined in detail.
The theory implies that expected future interest rates may influence money holdings despite the absence of strictly convex adjustment costs. A distributed-1ag expression for these holdings is proposed in which the adjustment and expectations dynamics are derived front theory. Aggregation over time and, to a lesser extent, over agents is treated explicitly. The econometric issues involved in testing models of the demand for money with rational expectations are outlined and simulation evidence on the predictions of the theory is provided. The theory gives rise to new predictions concerning expectations effects and variable adjustment speeds. It can also account for the findings of empirical research. In particular, it largely resolves the problem of slow adjustment in empirical money demand equations.
Some problems of exchange-rate policy and stabilization in an open economy

The immediate objectives of exchange-rate policy should be stability of output, stability of the rate of inflation and stability of the exchange rate itself. Moreover, exchange-rate policy is likely to be of some use in achieving these aims, as the modifications to the rational expectations theory which make monetary policy effective do so for exchange-rate policy as well, and additional channels of effectiveness operate in an open economy.
There are various explanations for the volatility of exchange rates under free floating, but a more realistic picture of the reaction to external disturbances is obtained if step changes in interest rates are allowed for by considering the term structure of interest rates and the influence of the terms of trade on the demand for money.
Capital is not in fact perfectly mobile internationally, which widens the range of policy options, and some modifications of the theory are required to study the determinants of capital flows in an imperfect world.
One can use the correlation between deviations of output and inflation from trend to study the origin of disturbances. This is illustrated by a study of eighteen sub-Saharan African countries. Furthermore, the type and origin of disturbances have implications for whether some sort of dual exchange-rate or dual interest-rate system is desirable.
Finally, a model of an open economy is presented in which exchange-rate policy can be analyzed whether specified in terms of exchange-rate targets or the degree of intervention, and with the possibility of a restricted forward foreign-exchange market. A variant of the model is estimated for South Africa for the period 1974-1981 and various exchange-rate policies are simulated.
Generation and characterization of Wolbachia transinfections and development of female-specific RIDL technology in Aedes albopictus

Aedes albopictus is an important vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses, and, over recent decades, has resisted traditional control strategies allowing it to spread from its native Southeast Asia throughout the world. In this thesis, two alternative control methods are assessed and developed: transinfection with the inherited bacteria Wolbachia, for population replacement with a refractory strain; and a genetic equivalent to the sterile insect technique, RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal), for population suppression.
Wolbachia is a genus comprising maternally inherited intracellular α-proteobacteria which primarily infect arthropods. Certain strains of Wolbachia both have the ability to manipulate host reproduction through cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) which allows Wolbachia to invade host populations by conferring a reproductive advantage on infected females, and have been shown to confer broad-spectrum pathogen resistance on their hosts. Here, a transinfection of wMel in Aedes albopictus (Uju.wMel) was generated which shows complete bidirectional CI with the natural Wolbachia infection of Ae. albopictus, in the absence of any major fitness costs and (as shown by collaborators) completely abolishes dengue and chikungunya virus transmission. It was also shown that the pathogen inhibition in Uju.wMel occurs in the absence of immune stimulation. Evidence supporting cholesterol sequestration by wMel as a mechanism for the pathogen inhibition observed in Uju.wMel was found.
Previous attempts to produce a conditionally inviable genetic sexing Ae. albopictus RIDL line have resulted in a sub-optimal strain in which the construct was not sufficiently specific or repressible, resulting in a high proportion of off-target inviable mosquitoes. Here, the mating competitiveness of RIDL males was shown to be not significantly different from wild-type, confirming the potential utility of the system. Multiple truncations of the promoter were made in an attempt to reduce the off-target expression.

Keywords: Wolbachia
Mosquito
Advisor: Sinkins, S
Assessment of design procedures for structural glass beams

In structural design, ductile materials are usually preferred, because failure is rarely sudden and catastrophic. Once the material has yielded, large observable strains will occur before total collapse of a structure. This thesis is about the structural use of glass. Glass is probably the most perfectly brittle material that exists. It demonstrates linear elastic behaviour right up to the point of failure. When a piece of glass fails, this always happens suddenly, by the high-speed propagation of a crack through the entire element. If glass is so different from the most common primary structural materials namely steel and reinforced concrete, then should we be using the same basic design approach for both? This thesis reviews current design methods tracing their development through this century. Current code formers are keen to bring all materials under the umbrella of Limit State Design. This philosophy has been developed for ductile materials and is shown to be somewhat inappropriate for materials where the main design criterion is not ultimate strength. A further chapter looks as the statistical behaviour of multi-ply beams. This was highlighted, at the recent Glass in Buildings conference, as being an important area for further research. It has been shown that statistically two or more beams are always better than one of equivalent thickness. A method of reducing the thickness of a glass beam, without affecting its probability of failure, has been described. This could have significant cost implications in the design of glass beams. It should be noted that this thesis is not about face-loaded glass elements such as windowpanes or structural glazing, where designs are governed by deflection and generally executed using rules of thumb, but about edge-loaded elements where strength governs and more rigorous design rules are required.

Keywords: glass
Advisor: Houlsby, G
Using human interactive security protocols to secure payments

We investigate using Human Interactive Security Protocols (HISPs) to secure payments. We start our research by conducting extensive investigations into the payment industry. After interacting with different payment companies and banks, we present two case studies: online payment and mobile payment. We show how to adapt HISPs for payments by establishing the reverse authentication method. In order to properly and thoroughly evaluate different payment examples, we establish two attack models which cover the most commonly seen attacks against payments. We then present our own payment solutions which aim at solving the most urgent security threats revealed in our case studies. Demonstration implementations are also made to show our advantages. In the end we show how to extend the use of HISPs into other domains.

Keywords: human interactive security protocol
security
payment
Advisor: Roscoe, B
The soldier and the post-conflict state

Several organizations, most prominently the United Nations and the World Bank, have emphasized that ex-combatant reintegration is crucial to consolidating peace after war. Strategic thinking about peace-building and opportunities for international involvement in post-conflict states after the Cold War have focused attention on programs to disarm, demobilize, and reintegrate fighters. Despite the resources and effort invested in reintegration programs, however, the evidence from Namibia, Mozambique, and Sierra Leone shows that significant problems linked to incomplete reintegration persist after formal programs end. These problems include widespread unemployment among former fighters, ex-combatant involvement in criminality, re-recruitment into neighboring conflicts, and political and social polarization of reintegration grievances. Left unmanaged, such problems threaten security even if they do not lead a state back to war.
The thesis explains the persistence of reintegration problems in terms of two variables: the capacity (defined as resources, operational expertise, and authority) and preferences (defined as the explicit and implicit interests and assumptions that guide programs) of reintegration actors. The capacity and preferences of these actors are aggregate independent variables that are themselves the product of endogenous (organizational and bureaucratic) and exogenous (systemic) pressures that literature on political economy and international relations theory helps to elucidate (i.e., helps to determine how reintegration actors' own behavior exacerbates or ameliorates problems).
Drawing on documentation and interviews, the thesis constructs a narrative of reintegration in each case and employs process tracing within cases to identify reintegration problems, measure their impact on security, and determine whether and how the capacity and preferences of reintegration actors contributed to the persistence of reintegration problems. The thesis uses comparative analysis to generalize inferences about the variables observed, and suggests potential solutions to improve the management of reintegration problems and creation of economic opportunities. Unless deeper issues of reintegration governance related to problem management and opportunity creation are addressed, targeted remedies to improve program design will not succeed.

Advisor: Welsh, J
Milton's monistic faith

Faith for Milton is primarily a matter of man's access to God. Such access entails God's involvement in mankind. Faith is that which guarantees that God is accessible to men and also that God actively participates in the lives of his people. Milton's work exhibits a preoccupation with such a concept of faith, and wavers through the course of his life between dualist and monist formulations. Monistic faith suggests that God is directly accessible to man, while dualistic faith means that God may only be accessible in a mediated way.
In the course of his career, Milton proceeded from an early dualistic faith to the declared monism of De Doctrina Christiana. This thesis examines the monistic impulse within Milton's poetry, focusing on the poems written during his mid-career (c. 1637-1653) when his outlook on faith turned. The thesis finds that although Milton expresses his monism in increasingly clear terms, he is never quite able to eliminate dualistic implications or tendencies from his faith.
The thesis focuses on two strategies which Milton employs in his attempts to define a monistic world view and a monistic faith, namely, tradition and translation. These strategies represent points of confrontation between dualism and monism. They both assert monistic continuity in the face of dualist disjunction. Tradition attempts to overcome the disjunction perceptible between two remote events in time. It incorporates both the recovery of lost history as well as geographical and linguistic translation. Translation (taken as separate from tradition) attempts to overcome the disjunction between languages. It manages, however unsuccessfully, to carry meaning over from a source text to a target text while simultaneously altering every single word in the source text.
Both these strategies thus provide textual and linguistic means for examining Milton's faith or his sense of divine access. This thesis examines Milton's deployment of tradition by means of a close consideration of Lycidas as well as several other early poems. It examines his 1648 and 1653 psalm translations and the unique manner in which they reveal Milton's understanding of faith. The thesis concludes that Milton's monistic faith never quite breaks free of the dualist tendencies against which it struggles.