VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Essays in industrial organisation

The first chapter considers a common agency model where two competition authorities share information about a firm under investigation. It shows that information-sharing can sometimes be welfare detrimental unless the authorities coordinate their enforcement policies as well as share information. The reason behind is that the authorities may have different leniency levels and the firm may decide to provide less precise information to one in an attempt to appeal the other. Furthermore it shows that the authorities may want to distort their policies in order to prevent the firm from obscuring the information it provides.
The second chapter studies the seller's incentives to provide misleading advice about complex goods such as consumer electronics, banking or phone services. It shows how the incentives to give biased and imprecise advice are affected by the possibility of ex-post litigation, when a court or consumer protection authority investigates how biased the advice is and penalises accordingly. It finds that a more biased advice will also be less precise, thus, a stricter punishment for deceiving consumers also increases precision.
The third chapter analyses the impact of trade credit on a relational contract between two vertically related firms. The firms operate in an environment with unobservable shocks, like a developing country or a black market, which create moral hazard in the repayment decision. It shows that the quantity sold in the market will be distorted downwards in order to curb the constrained firm's incentives to steal the credit and derives the optimal repayment scheme.

Keywords: consumer protection
competition policy
vertical relations
information transmission
Advisor: Klemperer, P
Myatt, D
Beyond the piano: the super instrument. Widening the instrumental capacities in the context of the piano music of the 21st century

Thanks to the development of new technology, musical instruments are no more tied to their existing acoustic or technical limitations as almost all parameters can be augmented or modified in real time. An increasing number of composers, performers, and computer programmers have thus become interested in different ways of "supersizing" acoustic instruments in order to open up previously-unheard instrumental sounds. This leads us to the question of what constitutes a super instrument and what challenges does it pose aesthetically and technically? This work explores the effects that super instruments have on the identity of a given solo instrument, on the identity of a composition and on the experience of performing this kind of repertoire. The super instrument comes to be defined as a bundle of more than one instrumental lines that achieve a coherent overall identity when generated in real time. On the basis of my own personal experience of performing the works discussed in this dissertation, super instruments vary a great deal but each has a transformative effect on the identity and performance practice of the pianist. This discussion approaches the topic from the viewpoint of contemporary keyboard music, showcasing examples of super instrument compositions of the 21st century. Thus, the main purposes of this practise based research project is to explore the essence and role of piano or toy piano in a super instrument constellation, as well as the performer's role as a "super instrumentalist". I consider these issues in relation to case studies drawn from my own compositional work and a selection of works composed by Karlheinz Essl and Jeff Brown.

Appendix: Contents of CD and DVD

CD
Track 1: Maria Kallionpää: Zusammenbindenbinden.Winden? –Hommage a Schumann. Tuuli Lempa, piano; Marko Myöhänen, electronics. Helsinki 2012.
Track 2: Maria Kallionpää: Trinity Mania. Maria Kallionpää, piano; Florian Hartlieb, electronics. Vienna 2010.

DVD
Track 1: Karlheinz Essl: Sequitur V. Maria Kallionpää, toy piano; Karlheinz Essl, electronics

Keywords: piano
electroacoustic music
performance
algorithmic composition techniques
super instruments
Advisor: Harry, M
Statistical HLA type imputation from large and heterogeneous datasets

An individual's Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) type is an essential immunogenetic parameter, influencing susceptibility to a variety of autoimmune and infectious diseases, to certain types of cancer and the likelihood of adverse drug reactions.
I present and evaluate two models for the accurate statistical determination of HLA types for single-population and multi-population studies, based on SNP genotypes. Importantly, SNP genotypes are already available for many studies, so that the application of the statistical methods presented here does not incur any extra cost besides computing time.
HLA*IMP:01 is based on a parallelized and modified version of LDMhc (Leslie et al., 2008), enabling the processing of large reference panels and improving call rates. In a homogeneous single-population imputation scenario on a mainly British dataset, it achieves accuracies (posterior predictive values) and call rates >=88% at all classical HLA loci (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1) at 4-digit HLA type resolution.
HLA*IMP:02 is specifically designed to deal with multi-population heterogeneous reference panels and based on a new algorithm to construct haplotype graph models that takes into account haplotype estimate uncertainty, allows for missing data and enables the inclusion of prior knowledge on linkage disequilibrium. It works as well as HLA*IMP:01 on homogeneous panels and substantially outperforms it in more heterogeneous scenarios. In a cross-European validation experiment, even without setting a call threshold, HLA*IMP:02 achieves an average accuracy of 96% at 4-digit resolution (>=91% for all loci, which is achieved at HLA-DRB1). HLA*IMP:02 can accurately predict structural variation (DRB paralogs), can (to an extent) detect errors in the reference panel and is highly tolerant of missing data. I demonstrate that a good match between imputation and reference panels in terms of principal components and reference panel size are essential determinants of high imputation accuracy under HLA*IMP:02.

Keywords: immunology
MHC
autoimmune
Human Leukocyte Antigen
HLA
imputation
population genetics
prediction
major histocompatibility complex
graph
Advisor: McVean, G
Measurement of the Z to TlTh cross-section and search for the standard model vector boson fusion produced Higgs to TlTh at ATLAS

This thesis presents a cross-section measurement of the Z → τιτh process performed using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The data used were collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV during 2010 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. This measurement uses the final state where one τ lepton decays leptonically, to an electron or muon, plus neutrinos, and the other τ lepton decays hadronically. The γ*/Z → ιι, ttbar and di-boson background processes are estimated using Monte Carlo simulation, the W → τν Monte Carlo background prediction is estimated using a semi data-driven method. The multijet background is estimated with a fully data-driven ‘ABCD’ method using three exclusive control regions built by inverting uncorrelated requirements on the isolation of the electron or muon and the product of the electric charge of the identified electron or muon and hadronically decayed τ lepton.
The measured cross-sections in each channel are corrected for the individual branching ratios and yield the total cross-section σ(Z -> ττ,minv 66 - 116 GeV) = 1142 ± 135.5(stat.) ± 206.2(syst.) ± 40.19(lumi.) ± 3.6(theo.) pb for the electron channel and σ(Z → ττ,minv 66 - 116 GeV) = 857.6 ± 81.4(stat.) ± 132.5(syst.) ± 30.19(lumi.) ± 2.8(theo.) pb for the muon channel, where the invariant mass of the Z boson is between 66 and 116 GeV. These are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of 960 ± 49.5 pb. Performing a measurement of a well-known Standard Model process using the ATLAS detector in this new high energy regime is essential for validating the τ lepton identification in particular, which is essential for any new physics search such as H → τιτh.
A cut-based analysis for the Vector Boson Fusion produced Higgs boson decaying to two τ leptons channel is introduced and the possibility of using the more complex analysis technique, the Matrix Element method, to increase sensitivity is discussed.

Keywords: Tau Leptons
Z boson
Particle Physics
Higgs
Advisor: Farrington, S
Rights and deprivation

This thesis is concerned with rights-based justifications for redistribution. Orthodox views are critically examined in three of the chapters. The case against fundamental moral rights to welfare, not derived from other more fundamental moral rights or principles, is pressed in chapter three. Chapter five distinguishes between rights-based and equality-based justifications for redistribution and argues that Ronald Dworkin's idea of a right to equal respect and concern is best understood as an equality-based justification. The enabling model of rights and deprivation is introduced in chapter six. This model says that liberty rights require that others ensure that the right-holder enjoys the means to do what he or she has the right to do as well as not interfere with him or her doing what he or she has the right to do. It is found to break down because it is unable to accommodate the right to do wrong. The other four chapters are concerned with defending an alternative model of rights and deprivation. The groundwork for this alternative model - the development model of rights and deprivation - is laid in chapters two and four. Chapter two presents a person-affecting theory of rights. The two principal conclusions of the development model of rights and deprivation are defended in chapter seven. It is argued, first, that from both of the abstract moral rights to liberty introduced in chapter four flow certain derivative rights against others to have one's needs met and, second, that the state is required to promote and protect particular forms of culture as well as to meet certain sorts of personal needs including special needs, collective needs, and the unmet personal needs that arise when the prevailing methods of meeting those needs breaks down. The final chapter discusses two general issues relating to the development model of rights and deprivation.
Estimation of the variation of prices using high-frequency financial data

When high-frequency data is available, realised variance and realised absolute variation can be calculated from intra-day prices. In the context of a stochastic volatility model, realised variance and realised absolute variation can estimate the integrated variance and the integrated spot volatility respectively. A central limit theory enables us to do filtering and smoothing using model-based and model-free approaches in order to improve the precision of these estimators.
When the log-price process involves a finite activity jump process, realised variance estimates the quadratic variation of both continuous and jump components. Other consistent estimators of integrated variance can be constructed on the basis of realised multipower variation, i.e., realised bipower, tripower and quadpower variation. These objects are robust to jumps in the log-price process. Therefore, given adequate asymptotic assumptions, the difference between realised multipower variation and realised variance can provide a tool to test for jumps in the process.
Realised variance becomes biased in the presence of market microstructure effect, meanwhile realised bipower, tripower and quadpower variation are more robust in such a situation. Nevertheless there is always a trade-off between bias and variance; bias is due to market microstructure noise when sampling at high frequencies and variance is due to the asymptotic assumptions when sampling at low frequencies. By subsampling and averaging realised multipower variation this effect can be reduced, thereby allowing for calculations with higher frequencies.

Advisor: Shephard, N
Fighting Power: Interpretive Issues. The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 1950

Fighting Power: Interpretive Issues The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 1950 Hammes, Thomas Xavier Lincoln College Submitted for Doctor of Philosophy in History Trinity Term 2008 When the Korean War broke out on 25 June 1950, the Marine Corps was ordered to deploy an air-ground brigade from California in less than ten days. Due to five years of massive budget and manpower cuts, the Marine Corps did not have even a brigade immediately available. The only way to meet the sailing timeline was to organize, man and equip the force while actually embarking it. As it embarked, the brigade had to incorporate marines flown in from posts all over the western United States; draw equipment from war reserves held hundreds of miles away; reorganize many of the existing units under new tables of organization; and add an experimental helicopter detachment from the east coast of the United States. Despite these enormous handicaps and numerically superior enemy forces, the brigade won every engagement. This performance was in stark contrast to the performance of all other US forces at this stage of the war. The brigade’s brief existence (7 July to 6 Sept 1950), combined with its exceptional combat record under adverse conditions, provides the opportunity to study the impact of institutional culture, education, doctrine, organization, training and leadership on performance in combat. Research showed that a key element of the brigade’s success was the Marine Corps’ institutional culture. In particular, the culture of remembering ensured marines understood the unchanging aspects of war and provided its men with the education, training, doctrine and organization to cope with its enduring friction, fog and chance. At the same time, the culture of learning ensured the marines understood what was changing in the character and tools of war so the brigade was well adapted to the realities of modern war from its first day in combat.

Keywords: Marines
Pusan Perimeter
Korea
U.S. Marine Corps
Fighting Power
Advisor: Strachan, H
On local constraints and regularity of PDE in electromagnetics. Applications to hybrid imaging inverse problems

The first contribution of this thesis is a new regularity theorem for time harmonic Maxwell's equations with less than Lipschitz complex anisotropic coefficients. By using the Lp theory for elliptic equations, it is possible to prove H1 and Hölder regularity results, provided that the coefficients are W1,p for some p = 3. This improves previous regularity results, where the assumption W1,∞ for the coefficients was believed to be optimal. The method can be easily extended to the case of bi-anisotropic materials, for which a separate approach turns out to be unnecessary.
The second focus of this work is the boundary control of the Helmholtz and Maxwell equations to enforce local constraints inside the domain. More precisely, we look for suitable boundary conditions such that the corresponding solutions and their derivatives satisfy certain local non-zero constraints. Complex geometric optics solutions can be used to construct such illuminations, but are impractical for several reasons. We propose a constructive approach to this problem based on the use of multiple frequencies. The suitable boundary conditions are explicitly constructed and give the desired constraints, provided that a finite number of frequencies, given a priori, are chosen in a fixed range. This method is based on the holomorphicity of the solutions with respect to the frequency and on the regularity theory for the PDE under consideration.
This theory finds applications to several hybrid imaging inverse problems, where the unknown coefficients have to be imaged from internal measurements. In order to perform the reconstruction, we often need to find suitable boundary conditions such that the corresponding solutions satisfy certain non-zero constraints, depending on the particular problem under consideration. The multiple frequency approach introduced in this thesis represents a valid alternative to the use of complex geometric optics solutions to construct such boundary conditions. Several examples are discussed.

Keywords: Maxwell's equations
hybrid imaging
inverse problems
medical imaging
Regularity theory
Advisor: Capdeboscq, Y
Parameter recovery in AC solution-phase voltammetry and a consideration of some issues arising when applied to surface-confined reactions

A major problem in the quantitative analysis of AC voltammetric data has been the variance in results between laboratories, often resulting from a reliance on "heuristic" methods of parameter estimation that are strongly dependent on the choices of the operator. In this thesis, an automatic method for parameter estimation will be tested in the context of experiments involving electron-transfer processes in solution-phase. It will be shown that this automatic method produces parameter estimates consistent with those from other methods and the literature in the case of the ferri-/ferrocyanide couple, and is able to explain inconsistency in published values of the rate parameter for the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. When a coupled homogeneous reaction is considered in a theoretical study, parameter recovery is achieved with a higher degree of accuracy when simulated data resulting from a high frequency AC voltammetry waveform are used.
When surface-confined reactions are considered, heterogeneity in the rate constant and formal potential make parameter estimation more challenging. In the final study, a method for incorporating these "dispersion" effects into voltammetric simulations is presented, and for the first time, a quantitive theoretical study of the impact of dispersion on measured current is undertaken.

Keywords: parameter estimation
electrochemistry
numerical solutions
AC voltammetry
voltammetry
mathematical modelling
inverse problems
Advisor: Gavaghan, D
Gillow, K
Baker, R
Comic leadership and power dynamics in Aristophanes 

This thesis investigates the concept of leadership in four comedies of Aristophanes.
In the first chapter (Lysistrata) I focus on the relationship of the female leadership with religious rituals and medical pathology, and I show that the power of women lies in their important biological role and their ability to conceive and (re)produce life in the context of marriage.
In chapter two (Knights) I examine the operation of leadership through the alimentary and sacrificial codes of the play. I argue that the Sausage-seller gradually manifests himself as the sacrificial cook Agorakritos who sacrifices Demos. In this way he puts an end to the politics of savage, raw consumption as they were employed by Paphlagon (and, occasionally, by Demos himself), and saves the day by inaugurating a new era of political practice.
In chapter three (Birds) I focus on the political competition between the former leader of the Birds, Tereus, and the newcomer Peisetairos. I argue that Peisetairos captivates his audience through the abuse of rhetoric and sophistry, and gradually adopts more brutal ways, by perverting the ritual of hospitality, committing cannibalism, and becoming sexually aggressive. In this respect, Peisetairos is assimilated to the tragic Tereus of the Sophoclean tragedy, but finally emerges as a more successful version of both the comic and the tragic Tereus.
In the fourth and last chapter (Ecclesiazusae) I discuss the women’s disruption and overturn of the normal social order by focusing on the practice of cross-dressing and on love-magic rituals: the exchange of costume between the two sexes, as well as the control of magic practices by the women over men, empower women and, by contrast, disempower and ridicule men, who are finally reduced to a state of impotence, infertility and almost death.

Keywords: power
sacrifice
gender
sex
leadership
competition
magic
rhetoric
women
food
cannibalism
tragedy
medicine
costume
Comedy
rituals
Aristophanes
Advisor: Bowie, A
Mathematical modelling and analysis of aspects of bacterial motility.

The motile behaviour of bacteria underlies many important aspects of their actions, including pathogenicity, foraging efficiency, and ability to form biofilms. In this thesis, we apply mathematical modelling and analysis to various aspects of the planktonic motility of flagellated bacteria, guided by experimental observations. We use data obtained by tracking free-swimming Rhodobacter sphaeroides under a microscope, taking advantage of the availability of a large dataset acquired using a recently developed, high-throughput protocol. A novel analysis method using a hidden Markov model for the identification of reorientation phases in the tracks is described. This is assessed and compared with an established method using a computational simulation study, which shows that the new method has a reduced error rate and less systematic bias. We proceed to apply the novel analysis method to experimental tracks, demonstrating that we are able to successfully identify reorientations and record the angle changes of each reorientation phase. The analysis pipeline developed here is an important proof of concept, demonstrating a rapid and cost-effective protocol for the investigation of myriad aspects of the motility of microorganisms. In addition, we use mathematical modelling and computational simulations to investigate the effect that the microscope sampling rate has on the observed tracking data. This is an important, but often overlooked aspect of experimental design, which affects the observed data in a complex manner. Finally, we examine the role of rotational diffusion in bacterial motility, testing various models against the analysed data. This provides strong evidence that R. sphaeroides undergoes some form of active reorientation, in contrast to the mainstream belief that the process is passive.

Keywords: velocity jump process
bacterial motility
tracking
mathematical ecology
correlated random walk
bacterial chemotaxis
hidden markov model
Advisor: Maini, P
Baker, R
Fletcher, A
Leake, M