VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Capital-nation-state: A Genealogy of Yasukuni Shrine

Japanâ s militaristic past continues to haunt the present and often at the center of these debates is the site that commemorates the war dead, Yasukuni Shrine. This dissertation seeks to address the political economy of the shrine and argues that this issue cannot be transcended if the history of the development of capitalism in Japan continues to be bracketed off in favor of narrating the shrine strictly through the discourse of the nation and the state. This claim derives from the observation that Yasukuni Shrine and the development of capitalism in Japan emerge at the same historical moment and thus they must also share an underlying logic. By adding capital to the equation, it becomes evident that the shrine is at the nexus of the operation of Capital-Nation-State and thus played a role in producing the very idea of modern Japan. Using a variety of primary sources, from state documents to personal diaries and newspaper reports, the archival research reveals how the shrine, as a state institution, was shaped by economic interactions just as much as it was by state ideology. In each chapter a different aspect of how the history of capitalism intersects with the space of the shrine is examined through the themes of everyday life, commodity exchange, urban planning, and universal conscription. Key to all of these themes is the relation of political economy to space. Whether it was facilitating commodity exchange on the shrine grounds or making land transactions, Yasukuni Shrine was an active agent in shaping not only the immediate space around it, but also in forming a national space. By examining the political economy of Yasukuni, it becomes evident that the shrine played an important role in propagating various types of exchanges (whether economic, religious or political) that were essential to forming this space. Thus, the results of this project show that Yasukuni was more than just a state institution that fostered the creation of national subjects; it was a space that brought together the three social forms, Capital-Nation-State, which characterizes and dominates our current socio-political landscape.

Keywords: Conscription
Land Reforms
Political Economy
Tokyo
Urban History
Yasukuni
Advisor: Kawashima, Ken C.
Evidence for a Paradigm Shift in Preventive Nutrition: Measuring the Role of Dietary Patterns in Chronic Disease Risk in Canada

National nutrition surveys are the cornerstones of nutritional surveillance for developing dietary guidelines and policies. Some recent studies have questioned the usefulness of nutrition surveys due to their methodological limitations. The overall goal of this thesis was to use the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2.2 to address these limitations as the first step in population-based dietary pattern analysis, an essential component for development of evidence-based nutritional guidelines and policies. In the first study of this thesis, different methods for handling dietary misreporting were compared and “adjusting for misreporting bias” was identified as the most appropriate technique, which was used in all subsequent studies of this thesis. In the second study, we observed that closer adherence to the only Canadian a priori index, Health Canada’s Surveillance Tool Tier System (HCST) 2014, developed based on the Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide 2007 (EWCFG) was associated with higher probability of meeting dietary reference intakes (DRI) for nutrients, even though it was not related to obesity risk. These findings were explained in the third study, where the strict focus of the EWCFG on single nutrients, rather than dietary patterns was identified as its main limitation. The first Canadian dietary pattern analyses using energy-based a priori (Study 4) and hybrid (Study 5) techniques were then conducted to address this limitation. Lack of adherence to the recommendations of 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI), an a priori dietary quality index, and consumption of an energy-dense, high-fat and low-fiber dietary pattern derived from the weighted partial least squares, were associated with 2-3 times higher risk of obesity. Overall, studies in this thesis demonstrate that application of rigorous methodological techniques to survey data can enhance the usefulness of nutrition surveys for capturing the diet-disease relationships and for informing evidence-based national nutrition guidelines and policies.

Advisor: L'Abbe, Mary R
HELB Is a Feedback Inhibitor of DNA End Resection

DNA double-strand breaks are toxic lesions, which jeopardize the genomic integrity and survival of all cells and organisms. Repair of these lesions by homologous recombination requires the formation of 3′ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhangs by a nucleolytic process known as DNA end resection. Recent studies have significantly expanded our understanding of the initiation of resection, the molecular machinery involved in its execution, and its regulation throughout the cell cycle. However, the mechanisms that control and limit DNA end resection once the process has begun are unknown. I hypothesized that such activities may be coordinated by the ssDNA-binding complex Replication Protein A (RPA), which rapidly coats the 3′ ssDNA overhangs produced by resection. A proteomic analysis of RPA interactions following DNA damage identified the superfamily 1B translocase, DNA helicase B (HELB). Using cellular and biochemical approaches, I found that following RPA-dependent recruitment of HELB to the sites of DNA double-strand breaks, HELB inhibits EXO1 and BLM-DNA2 nucleases, which catalyze long-range resection. This function requires HELB’s catalytic activity and ssDNA binding, suggesting a mechanism where HELB translocates along ssDNA to displace the nucleases. HELB acts independently of 53BP1 and is exported from the nucleus as cells approach S phase, concomitant with the upregulation of resection. I conclude that mammalian DNA end resection triggers its own inhibition via the recruitment of HELB.

Keywords: DNA repair
HELB
Homologous recombination
Resection
RPA
Advisor: Durocher, Daniel
Economies of Flesh: Event-led Urbanism and the Impact on Sex Work in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Physical Cultural Studies has examined the extent to which a (sport) mega-event, like an environmental disaster, can facilitate the implementation of a “shock doctrine” (Klein, 2007) in which controversial policies, used to impose particular ideological ends, are pushed through in the wake of a cultural spectacle (Boykoff, 2013; Hayes Horne, 2011), and the urban environment is created as a series of spectacularized spaces of leisure consumption, the ultramodern sanctuaries for bourgeois bodies (Belanger, 2000; Friedman Andrews, 2011; Silk, 2013). The sentiment of shock or enthusiasm is used to distract from, and rationalize, the political-economic restructuring observed in a moment of crisis or celebration. At the heart of disaster (or event) capitalism is the need to facilitate accelerated capitalist expansion by reconfiguring the existent sociopolitical agenda. Celebration capitalism has been characterized by the emergence of a state of exception, unfettered commercialism, repression of dissent, questionable sustainability claims, and the complicity of the mainstream media (Boykoff, 2013). The manifestation of narrow, market-driven ideologies, coupled with the aggressive pursuit of growth-inducing resource material, has continued to foster resistance across host cities. In the current moment, FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) and the IOC (International Olympic Committee) have generated an increasing scale of dissent (Davidson, 2013; van Luijk Frisby, 2012). Yet the overemphasis on resistance has detracted from the everyday realities of those stuck in the pseudoshadow of the mega-event spotlight. In my work I ask: How does the everyday react to the intervention of a mega-event? This dissertation focuses on the “lived experience(s)” of local women who embodied market-oriented ideologies to react entrepreneurially to a FIFA-crisis/celebration, in order to create and enhance their “survival circuits” (Sassen, 2009) within contested urban terrain. Through the collection and analysis of ethnographic data, I document stories of everyday life from women involved in sexual commerce in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the 2014 FIFA World Cup to connect their “everyday” with larger social processes of global capitalist expansion, and demonstrate the manner in which these local women produce (un)intended/under-examined embodied physical cultural legacies associated with the sport mega-event.

Keywords: affective-performative labour
event-led urbanism
physical cultural studies
sex work
sport mega-event
Advisor: Fusco, Caroline
Clinical Reasoning by Expert Bobath Instructors

Background: Clinical reasoning, a complex clinical skill, is central to professional accountability but currently invisible in the rehabilitation sciences evidence base with an associated under-development of underpinning theory. Understanding and minimizing movement problems is a focus of rehabilitation. Movement performance is a key aspect of Bobath clinical practice, the most widely used neuro-rehabilitation approach. To date there are no publications addressing the clinical reasoning process or the conceptualization of movement by Bobath therapists despite considerable investigation of the effectiveness of this rehabilitation approach. Purpose: To address this research gap, this dissertation aimed to develop an interpretive understanding of the clinical reasoning process of expert Bobath therapists. Methods: To accomplish this aim, a modified e-Delphi method was used to define a Bobath Clinical Framework. A qualitative research approach was adopted for the second study using Interpretive Description methodology to explicate a conceptual understanding of movement and the clinical reasoning process of expert Bobath therapists. Results: Eight statements representative of the conceptual framework, and three assumptions and eight principles representing key aspects of clinical practice reached consensus in the modified e-Delphi successfully identifying a Bobath Clinical Framework. Twenty-two IBITA instructors participated in the Interpretive Description study identifying three key elements integral to the instructorsâ conceptualization of movement specifically the integration of postural control and selective movement, and the unique role of visuo-spatial kinesthetic perception, an aspect of practical wisdom, in the clinical reasoning process. Conclusions: The development of a Bobath clinical framework and explication of the Bobath therapistsâ conceptualization of movement formed a practice epistemology exposing and illustrating the critical role of phronesis (practical wisdom), in the clinical reasoning process. This thesis highlights the need for a multi-dimensional knowledge base, procedural and conditional knowledge, in addition to declarative knowledge, necessary for clinicians to make wise judgments with respect to individual clients, the clinical reasoning process.

Keywords: Bobath
Clinical Framework
Clinical Reasoning
Conceptualization of Movement
Advisor: Cott, Cheryl A
Ultrasound Activated Bone Morphogenetic -2 (BMP-2) Nanocomplexes that Provides On-Demand, Controlled Release for Bone Regeneration

Recombinant bone morphogenetic-2 (BMP-2) delivered on an acellular collagen sponge (ACS) is clinically approved for bone regeneration. Post implantation, BMP-2 is rapidly released as a bolus from the ACS, cleared quickly from the site requiring high doses to compensate for diffusional loss. Additionally, the advantages of using BMP-2 for bone regeneration are offset by safety concerns attributed to the high doses of BMP-2 used. Further the rapid release of BMP-2 does not match the temporal release of endogenous BMP-2 during natural physiological bone healing. To address this, rhBMP-2 polyethylene glycol sonodisruptable liposome nanocomplexes (NSD) that releases BMP- 2 only on ultrasound (US) exposure were developed. I hypothesized that US control release of BMP-2 that matched the expression of endogenous BMP-2 during physiological bone healing would require lower doses of BMP-2 to be effective. To test this hypothesis we investigated two specific objectives: 1. To develop and characterize NSD-BMP and evaluate US controlled release mechanism in vitro and in vivo and, 2. To evaluate in vivo, the temporal effects of US controlled delivery of BMP-2 on bone formation. In vitro, NSD-BMP released bioactive BMP-2 proportional to ultrasound duration and pressure. In vivo these nanocomplexes containing BMP-2 induced bone only upon ultrasound exposure. Further in vivo, US delayed release of BMP-2 was observed to enhance bone formation in comparison to the commercial implants. Most importantly NSD-BMP2 was clinically highly efficacious when multiple combinations of delayed ultrasound treatments were administered. This observation established that a critical window exists where BMP-2 is most effective for the purpose of bone induction. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that an US controlled release nanocomplex system can be used to temporally deliver BMP-2 that mirrors the release of endogenous BMP-2 expression temporally during bone healing. Resulting in less BMP-2 required to be clinically effective and that this system is a potentially a cheaper system with a better safety profile compared to current implants.

Advisor: Peel, Sean
Manolson, Morris F
Embedded, Embodied, Envoiced: Contextualizing Complaint in Spenser, Shakespeare, and Mary Wroth

This thesis investigates the complex interaction between early modern complaint and genres in which it embeds, including epic allegory, tragedy and prose romance. Most criticism treats the complaint as free-standing, but the interactions between genres provide insight into how complaint represents interior, affective experience that remains vitally interrelated with its environment. The Ovidian legacy of Heroides and Metamorphoses enables a complainant to create an inner, affective landscape that has a topographical counterpart in the narrative and engages the sympathy of an audience. The interaction between body and landscape is not just figurative: as the complainant speaks his/her voice resonates in the world, and the breath, tears and blood that the body produces imbue the landscape with affect. The complainant’s body is thus doubly embedded in the environment of the narrative and the genre in which the complaint interacts. Transactions on both levels situate complaint within its historical and cultural contexts, and contribute to its function as an integral part of a literary whole. In The Ruines of Time and Book II of The Faerie Queene, Edmund Spenser presents phenomenological challenges that explore the audiences’ vulnerability to spectacular emotional persuasions. Complaint is doubly inscribed as a scene of the futility of speech and of rhetorical success – a scene that William Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus populates with legitimate attempts to inspire a change of heart that are met with overwhelming human violence, ultimately turning complaint into a weapon that reifies hegemonic power. In Countess of Montgomery’s Urania, Lady Mary Wroth’s complaints are both embodied and envoiced, positing important connections between speaking, the speaker’s aural experience of her own voice, and the ability to sympathize with others. All three of these authors activate complaint’s intertextual and generically diverse history each time a speaker uses the form, evoking meaningful expectations for this famously elastic genre.

Keywords: complaint
melancholy
monologue
poetry
romance
Advisor: Harvey, Elizabeth D
The First Dynasty of the Sealand in History and Tradition

In the latter half of the eighteenth century B.C.E. (in the Middle Chronology), the southernmost regions of Mesopotamia started rebelling against Babylonian royal power, merely one generation after Hammurapi of Babylon had unified the land in annexing the small kingdoms that had emerged at the beginning of the millennium. This rebellion eventually resulted in the formation of a poorly documented kingdom, the Sealand, which would last as an independent state for over two centuries, maintaining itself long after the Amorite dynasty of Babylon fell. Because of the dire lack of sources, this entire period has remained for us largely in the dark, historically and culturally. Late Old Babylonian royal inscriptions are few and the year names become less evocative of political events, early Kassite evidence is even scarcer, and until recently Sealand I sources were near to non-existent. Our incomplete understanding of pottery sequences and the apparent abandonment of several urban centres in southern Babylonia in that period have made and kept this dynasty very elusive. Until now it was known to us almost exclusively through its inclusion into later king lists and chronicles. The publication in 2009 of well over four hundred archival texts bearing date formulae of Sealand I rulers, soon to be followed by a few literary and divinatory texts, finally made it possible to start filling this hiatus. This dissertation proposes a history of the Sealand I kingdom, based on this new evidence and on a reevaluation of the previously known sources. The aspects examined are: the recording and transmission of knowledge on the Sealand I dynasty in Mesopotamian historiography; the political history, including a discussion of the geography and the relative chronology; the panthea and the palace-sponsored cult, which show how the Sealand I kings positioned their rule in a Larsean tradition, but with supra-regional ambitions; the economy â mainly the palatial administration and transformation of agricultural and animal resources, which also reveal a very specific model of institutional integration between the palace and temples.

Keywords: Babylonia
First Sealand Dynasty
Middle Babylonian Period
Paleo-Babylonian Period
Second Millennium Mesopotamia
Advisor: Beaulieu, Paul-Alain
Hysteria: Potential Dramaturgies Toward a Portrait of Ambiguity

This work asks the question, primarily: what kind of performance is the hysterical attack? And what is the nature of hysteria in and as performance, as it occurred at the Salpêtrière in the nineteenth-century? The Salpêtrière hysteria project was a medical one, but also a theatrical one. The hysteric’s public appearance was a continual ethical provocation, pointing not only to the vulnerability of her person, but the unstable position of her spectator. The hysteric points to the fraught and exciting nature of theatrical representation, continually drawing out dilemmas and unexpected dynamics of witnessing the suffering of others. In the Salpêtrière documents, the gravity of institutional violence committed against female patients at the level of representation is undeniable. This thesis works to express the overt and subtle damages done to hysterical women in Charcot’s hospital: public and private bodily harm, sexual violation, dismissal, objectification, use, exposure, reduction. Simultaneously, the chapters seek to draw attention to the hysteric’s resistance to these phenomena. So often, it is simply by being herself that the hysteric points to the inherent weaknesses in these systemic modes of violence. Photographers were forced to new levels of technical innovation and flexibility in order to capture the hysteric’s fiercely mobile body. Terminology spun out an anxious series of words to try to negotiate her dynamism. The excessive exposure of her emotional, intellectual and sexual life in the Iconographie and on stage, framed by equally excessive empirical constraints, under scrutiny, ultimately reveals the uncontainable remainder of the hysteric’s personhood that slips from view, bringing the inadequacy of positivist and misogynist spectacle into relief. Charcot created a unique mixture of drama and science in his transmission of his findings about hysteria. The hysteric made the medium express beyond expectation.

Keywords: Charcot
Ethics of Representation
Hysteria
Modernity
Performance
Trauma
Advisor: Johnson, Stephen
Investigating Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Severe Malaria

Malaria remains a leading cause of global childhood morbidity and mortality. The use of artemisinin-based antimalarials has improved outcomes from severe disease but mortality rates remain high. Adjunctive interventions that target deleterious host responses to infection may improve outcomes beyond that of antimalarials alone. The pathogenesis of severe malaria is incompletely understood; however, endothelial dysfunction is thought to play a critical role in disease severity and outcome. Our overarching hypothesis is that a detailed understanding of mediators regulating malaria-induced endothelial dysfunction, specifically free heme and NO bioavailability, will identify novel therapeutic targets to improve clinical outcomes. Here we show in two independent studies, that Ugandan children presenting with severe malaria have elevated levels of free heme, released during hemolysis, and decreased levels of a protective host protein, hemopexin. Furthermore, ratios of heme:hemopexin are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including metabolic acidosis, severe anemia, acute kidney injury, and long term mortality. In a preclinical model, the deletion of hemopexin results in increased susceptibility to malaria supporting a mechanistic role for hemopexin in mediating protection from severe disease. In contrast to free heme, nitric oxide (NO) promotes endothelial stability. Increasing NO bioavailability, as induced by deletion of the s-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), is associated with improved survival and neurological function in experimental cerebral malaria. Improved outcomes were associated with reduced recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the brain, and increased circulating levels of Angiopoietin-1 associated with preserved endothelial and blood brain barrier integrity. In summary, these data implicate heme and GSNOR in contributing to the pathogenesis of severe malaria, and suggest that interventions that disrupt the toxic effects of these two pathways may improve outcomes from severe and fatal malaria when used in conjunction with antimalarials.

Keywords: Cerebral malaria
GSNOR
Heme
Hemopexin
Nitric Oxide
S-nitrosylation
Advisor: Kain, Kevin C