VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Saharan dust emission mechanisms in boreal summer: a satellite and modelling approach

Mineral dust is one of the most abundant atmospheric aerosols and has a wide range of impacts on climate, meteorology, health and biogeochemistry. North African sources are responsible for about half of the total atmospheric burden, peaking as an emission source in the boreal summer months of June, July and August. In-situ data from the Fennec observation campaign of 2011 and 2012 indicates that cold pool outflows (CPOs) from convective downdrafts are the primary meteorological driver of these summertime emissions, followed by nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) breakdown, both mesoscale phenomena which numerical models struggle to represent faithfully. Very few surface observations are available to characterise these emission mechanisms, however, and the extent to which Fennec observations are representative remains unclear. Satellite data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) offers both the volume of data and resolution to observe emission mechanisms on the long term.
In this thesis, two sets of automated algorithms are applied to 14 years of summertime SEVIRI data, the first of which categorises automatically identified and tracked dust by emission mechanism and the second of which tracks and characterises dust-laden cold pool outflows. CPOs account for 82% of the total observed dust and 88% at the point of emission in the central and western Sahara during boreal summer, which is the highest estimate yet of their contribution. Whereas CPO dust is widespread and the majority of dust source regions are primarily CPO-driven, LLJs dominate a small number of hotspots such as the Tidihelt Depression. CPOs are far-reaching, with 22.5% travelling over 300 km. They also follow a clear diurnal cycle which favours emissions in the late afternoon and evening. Unlike dust emission, CPO frequency peaks in August in southern Algeria.
In the final component of the thesis, satellite observations are used to support a Met Office Unified Model experiment diagnosing the role of orography in driving dust-emitting LLJs over central Algeria. Fluvial drainage from mountains is thought to contribute erodible sediment to western Saharan dust sources, but their effect upon emission mechanisms there is untested. Removing the Hoggar mountains reduces LLJ emission frequency by approximately 30% as an elevated heating anomaly helps sustain the strong pressure gradient driving low-level winds across the region in summer.
This thesis offers a meteorological perspective on satellite dust source maps, showing the contribution of erosivity to known summertime emission hotspots on climatic timescales. The fact that most central and western Saharan dust sources are predominantly activated by CPOs poses a challenge for numerical modelling of the dust cycle given the inadequate representation of downdrafts in models with convective parameterization.

Keywords: Sahara
climate
Fennec
cold pool outflow
meteorology
mineral dust
aerosols
met office unified model
low-level jet
dust emission
winds
SEVIRI
Advisor: Washington, R
Engelstaedter, S
Memory, implication and moral injury in the work of Vasilii Grossman and Heinrich Böll

This thesis compares the work of the Soviet-Jewish author Vasilii Grossman and the West German Nobel Laureate Heinrich Böll in the context of memory studies. It particularly analyses these authors’ fictional representations of the Stalinist and National Socialist regimes, predominantly in texts written after 1945. In contrast to traditional approaches to the study of post-atrocity fiction that focus on depictions of victimhood and psychoanalytic notions of trauma, this project highlights the need to consider the ways that literature thematizes morally ambiguous experiences of historical violence that do not sit comfortably into categories of ‘victim’ and ‘perpetrator’. To do so, the thesis critically draws on and develops two theoretical prisms through which to compare Grossman’s and Böll’s works. First, the concept of ‘implication’, which denotes ambiguous and indirect forms of involvement in structural violence (Rothberg 2019). Second, the notion of ‘moral injury’, which highlights the psychological consequences of committing, witnessing or failing to prevent an act that transgresses the individual’s personal moral code (Litz et al. 2009; Pederson 2021). These lenses provide a transformational means of studying Grossman’s and Böll’s literary approaches by elucidating their underappreciated focus on reckoning with ambiguous types of association with historical violence. On the one hand, they highlight the authors’ shared preference for multi-vocal narratives that emphasize the complexity of individual perspectives on the past. On the other hand, they show the writers’ similar broader conceptualizations of memory, which cast remembrance of as an ever-evolving, critical task that begins with the individual. Overall, the analysis reveals not only fresh insights into Grossman’s and Böll’s works, but also new avenues for broader comparison between post-National Socialist German and post-Stalinist Russian literatures and for the study of memory literature across contexts.

Keywords: Jewish studies
Trauma studies
Comparative literature
German literature
Complicity &amp; implication
Memory politics
Holocaust studies
Perpetrator studies
Böll, Heinrich
Moral injury
Soviet literature
Grossman, Vasilii
Russia
Germany
Twentieth century history
Advisor: Jones, P
Duttlinger, C
Clinical decision making in uncertainty; an ethnography of a complex intervention in the ambulatory emergency care setting

Clinical Decision Making in Uncertainty; An Ethnography of a Complex Intervention in the Ambulatory Emergency Care setting
Objectives:
AEC (Ambulatory Emergency Care) provides acute assessment and treatment in the community for acutely unwell complex older patients, with patients staying in their own homes overnight. The investigation aimed to understand the Clinical Decision-Making of the senior clinicians in the AEC environment as an example of working in Clinical Uncertainty.
Methods:
Three AEC sites were purposively sampled to recruit twelve clinicians with backgrounds in Geriatrics, General Practice, Emergency and Acute Medicine. This qualitative investigation used focused ethnography within a case study approach to understand the decision-making processes in the context of the AEC environment. Observation during an AEC shift was complemented by informant interviews. A framework approach to thematic analysis used “a priori” and data derived codes to develop explanatory themes. Ethnographic principles of constant comparison and Cognitive Task Analysis were used to evaluate the clinicians’ decision-making processes for index patient cases.
Findings:
The work of AEC is complex negotiated distributed team-based decision-making to deliver an individually tailored care plan for patients with urgent healthcare needs suitable for out-of-hospital management. Key decision-making stages included triage, diagnostic, management and prognostic decisions. Variation in the delivery of these components was achieved through negotiation and individual tailoring. The participating AEC clinicians had a diverse background training and were boundary spanning individuals with cognitive flexibility and contextual adroitness. Clinicians mitigated the cognitive load of working in urgent care settings by altering their tasks, referral thresholds and clinical behaviours. Effective team working was enhanced by team reflexivity. Team based decision-making was required to manage the complexity and uncertainty of working in the AEC environment.
Conclusions:
This critical example of AEC decision-making demonstrates how complexity, negotiation and teamwork affect clinicians working in urgent care environments with high clinical uncertainty and cognitive load. These findings could inform the development of medical training curricula, interdisciplinary working and health service design.

Keywords: Ethnography
Clinical Decision-Making
Emergency Care
Ambulatory
Complex Intervention
Clinical Uncertainty
Advisor: Glogowska, M
Lasserson, D
Reeve, J
Multi-level modelling and spatial inference for large-scale neuroimaging data

Recent developments in data sharing and availability provide a vast new window of opportunity for large-sample fMRI analysis. The increased statistical power resulting from larger sample sizes allows researchers to model previously inaccessible phenomena such as the complex grouping structures present in large multi-level datasets (e.g. genetic, familial, geographical) and the spatial variation present in shape, size and locale of excursion sets (identified regions of activation). This thesis is comprised of two halves, which investigate each of these features in turn.
In the first half, we employ the Linear Mixed Model (LMM) to detect and account for grouping and covariance structure present in large experimental designs. At present, the existing fMRI LMM tools are neither scalable nor fully exploit the computational speed-ups afforded by vectorisation of operations over voxels. For this reason, such tools cannot be employed in the large-sample setting. To address this issue, we derive new expressions for LMM estimation and inference and illustrate their usage to perform computationally efficient large-scale fMRI LMM analyses. Our methods are validated empirically via simulations and illustrated using data drawn from the UK Biobank (Allen et al. 2012).
In the second half, we extend a method proposed by Sommerfeld et al. (2018) to provide confidence bounds for the intersection or ‘conjunction’ of excursion sets that have been acquired across the same spatial region but under different study conditions. Such 'conjunctions’ are of natural interest as they correspond to the question “Where was activation observed under all study conditions?". Our method provides, with a desired confidence, sub- and super-sets of the 'conjunction set' without any assumptions on the dependence between the different conditions. Extensive simulations are provided assessing the method’s performance, and a demonstration of the method is given using data drawn from the Human Connectome Project dataset (Van Essen et al. (2013)).

Keywords: linear mixed model
statistics
fMRI
neuroimaging
confidence regions
spatial statistics
functional magnetic resonance imaging
Advisor: Nichols, T
Smith, S
Johann Friedrich Agricola (1720–1774): a critical study and catalogue of the musical sources

The Berlin Hofkomponist Johann Friedrich Agricola (1720–1774) is today still perhaps best known as a pupil and copyist of Johann Sebastian Bach. Together with Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, he co-authored Bach’s 1754 obituary, and later received acclaim for his translation and revision of Pier Francesco Tosi’s singing treatise, published in German as 'Anleitung zur Singkunst' (1757). However, Agricola’s own musical legacy has received very little attention, despite the fact that he composed a substantial quantity of music across a range of genres and was also a prolific copyist of works by many major composers of his day. These sources demand attention as both the legacy of an important Berlin composer schooled in the Bach tradition, and, more broadly, as case studies in the rich and complex networks of musical exchange that occurred between composers and musicians during this period.
This thesis presents the first critical study of all the known sources of music, both manuscript and printed, connected to Agricola. It is divided into three sections. Volume I opens with a biographical profile of Agricola, before considering some of the theoretical and historiographical challenges associated with approaching galant music and the materiality of eighteenth-century sources as evidence for musical networks and exchange. This is followed by an overview of the development of musical life at the Dresden and Berlin courts, which enjoyed a close relationship in the first half of the eighteenth century, and the major Berlin collections where most of the Agricola sources are found. A detailed re-examination of Agricola’s handwriting in light of newly uncovered manuscripts, together with watermark and ink analyses, provides the basis for a refined chronology of the sources. These findings then inform my discussion of two areas where the autograph manuscript tradition is particularly rich: the genre of sacred music, and Agricola’s role as a copyist, where I consider selected manuscripts in more detail. In Volume II, I present a critical edition of two hitherto unpublished cantatas by Agricola, the Easter Day cantata 'Die Auferstehung des Erlösers' and the funeral cantata 'Wallet ihr Seelen voll Schwermut'. The edition supplements the discussions of these works in Chapter 4 and makes them available in a scholarly text for the first time. Volume III comprises the first thematic catalogue of Agricola’s works, the Agricola-Werke-Verzeichnis (AgWV), and a descriptive catalogue of the manuscript copies that are wholly or partially in Agricola’s hand. The thesis is intended to provide the fundamental groundwork for future source studies on Agricola, the Berlin School and the legacy of the Bach tradition after 1750.

Keywords: Musical analysis
Johann Friedrich Agricola (1720-1774)
Classical
Critical edition
Eighteenth century
Material culture
Musical exchange
Source studies
Palaeography
Manuscripts
Galant
Thematic catalogue
Baroque
Advisor: Leitmeir, C
Inventing Slavonic: cultures of writing between Rome and Constantinople 

This thesis offers a study of changing ideas about and attitudes toward writing, as they are expressed in the earliest texts concerned with the invention of the Slavonic alphabet and its legendary ninth-century inventor, the Byzantine diplomat, Constantine-Cyril. It is divided into three case studies, each focusing on the three major texts narrating the invention of Slavonic and dating to the late ninth and early tenth centuries: the Life of Constantine-Cyril, the Life of Methodios, Cyril’s brother, and On Letters, a treatise written in defence of the new alphabet.
In contrast with existing scholarship which largely accepts these texts as telling a unified, monolithic story of the birth of Slavonic culture, the thesis approaches each text as an intellectual monument, that sought to make an intervention into a specific set of socio-political circumstances. In so doing it reveals the intricate ways in which early medieval authors in Central and Eastern Europe navigated through Greek and Latin language intellectual culture, in order to compose and compile texts and thus propagate specific agendas. Moreover, it demonstrates the complex and profound ways in which the Slavonic alphabet was invented and reinvented in this process, and how this multitude of ideas about writing, albeit present in the medieval sources, has been flattened by modern historiography.

Keywords: medieval
byzantine
written
nationalism
history
culture
hagiography
slavonic
Application of sequence typing to the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni

The bacterium Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for a substantial burden of human disease. It has a wide host and environmental distribution. The ecology in non-human hosts has been studied, in particular for farm animals, but the relationship between different host and environmental niches, including the extent to which host and geography are associated with genetic differentiation, is uncertain. Open epidemiological questions include the largely unexplained summer peaks in many temperate countries, apparent paucity of outbreaks despite a high incidence of foodborne infection, and uncertainty in the quantitative contributions of different sources to human infection. Bacterial subtyping has not made a substantial contribution to the ecology or epidemiology of this species. This thesis applied a housekeeping gene multilocus sequence typing scheme, complemented with more variable antigen genes, in epidemiological and ecological studies of C. jejuni.
These studies identified a large contribution of one clonal group to the high level of human infection during summer along with a similar seasonal rise in relative prevalence for this Glade in poultry meat, and the association of other phenotypic characteristics with the Glade. A lack of geographical variation between distant populations within England contrasted with substantial differences at international level. Genetic differentiation by host species exceeded geographic and temporal effects and showed the potential of using multilocus genotype to attribute human infection to animal host sources. Recombination played a major role in the generation of this genetic differentiation, which finding informed the use of alleles rather than summary measures of genotype in population assignment of C. jejuni. Using fine typing with porA and flaA gene fragments to produce higher discrimination than previously applied allowed the identification of genotypic clusters, demonstrated emergent clades within the poultry industry and human disease, and confirmed empirically the predictions from theoretical work that even more highly discriminatory methods will be needed to reliably identify outbreaks and their specific source using genotype.
This work has thus exploited the of integration multilocus sequencing in studies of the epidemiology and ecology of C. jejuni, developed analytical approaches for this application, and identified some limitations and the extent to which these may be tractable with more extensive sequence data and further development of analytical approaches.

Advisor: Maiden, M
The biogeography of giant kelp submarine forests at the sub-Antarctic latitudes of South America

This doctoral thesis presents the first work on the extent, spatial dynamics, and long-term trends of the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) ecosystem in southern South America and sub-Antarctic latitudes. This work was based on an interdisciplinary approach of remote sensing using satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), geographical information systems, underwater exploration, and a collection of historical sources and secondary information from international collaborations.
The first research paper of this thesis (Chapter 3) presents a mapping methodology of giant kelp derived from filtering values from the satellite Sentinel-2. This method was validated with secondary sources (previous kelp surveys) and primary sources of data, such as detailed orthomosaics made with UAV. Because of the high overall accuracy of this method, it was possible to map and measure the surface of the complete distribution of the giant kelp ecosystem by ecoregion and province.
The second paper (Chapter 4) is based on the mapping methodology from Chapter 3, developing a spatial analysis of the sub-Antarctic kelp from South America, Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and South Georgia to understand the abiotic patterns that could predict the typical size of a giant kelp forest. Additionally, these patterns were compared in a temporal analysis stretching as far back as the 19th century to assess the persistence of this ecosystem. The results of this paper indicate that sub-Antarctic giant kelp is one of the least modified and most persistent marine ecosystems on Earth.
Chapter 5 analyses the spatial distribution of marine sea surface temperature (SST) heatwaves and marine cold spells in the Channels and Fjords ecoregion in past decades, with a focus on understanding the climatological trends as they can affect giant kelp ecosystems. This paper established that, in contrast to the main global trend pointing towards SST warming, the frequency of marine cold spells in the nearshore coastlines of southernmost South America has in fact increased in the decade of 2010. We identified two main mechanisms as possible causes for this trend: increased frequency of storms driven by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and glacier melting in the Patagonian fjords. Cold waters favour the persistence of giant kelp and associated biodiversity, hence the lack of SST warming highlights the region as a potential refugium for the ecosystem. However, more studies are needed to understand these new dynamics, and we conclude the paper with a summary of potential stressors to giant kelp ecosystems in the study area.
Finally, Chapter 6 provides an overview of the main findings of this thesis and recommendations for future research, highlighting the need for further interdisciplinary studies on the Magellanic marine province as a climatic refugium for the giant kelp ecosystem.

Keywords: South America
Macrocystis pyrifera
persistent ecosystems
marine ecosystems
Giant Kelp
sub-Antarctic
Patagonia
Advisor: Macias-Fauria, M
Nanoscale mechanical and transport properties of multilayers and energy materials

Thermal and mechanical properties of thin films and nano-multilayer coatings are governed by a multitude of interlinked material properties that arise as a consequence of deposition technique and parameters. Understanding the origin of these properties including residual stress, fracture toughness, thermal diffusivity and thermal degradation activation temperature enables the careful design and control of material properties, tailored to technological applications.
The key objective of this thesis is to expand the current knowledge of the origins and controllability of thin film properties, by understanding the link between deposition parameters, film microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal properties. Starting with the mechanical properties, advanced residual stress measurement techniques are used to show how magnetron chamber pressure variation can be used to control residual stress distributions within thin films, and how this stress is linked to microstructural properties. To develop further mechanical insights directly applicable to technological applications of thin films on polymer substrates, a model for the mechanical degradation under uniaxial tension is presented, in addition to a new method for the determination of the Mode I fracture toughness.
Based on the obtained findings, thermal properties including thermal diffusivity and thermal degradation onset temperature are linked to deposition-induced microstructural properties. A model for the residual-stress driven thermal diffusion activation is presented, combining insights gained from both mechanical and thermal property analysis.
To apply the findings to cutting-edge technology, interlinked diffusion and mechanical degradation phenomena in next-generation Li-ion battery cathode material are analysed. Based on the identified mechanisms and using novel experimental techniques, a deep understanding of the relation between Li-ion transport, stress and microstructural degradation in thin film, solid state multilayer batteries is developed.
The investigations presented in this thesis open new perspectives for the precise optimisation of high-technology thin film and nano-multilayer properties and performance.

Keywords: Residual Stress
Operando battery
Li-ion battery
Energy Materials
Mechanics of Materials
Advisor: Korsunsky, A