VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Deception, mistake, privacy and consent: a conceptual framework for resolving the ‘line-drawing’ problem in sex-by-deception and mistaken sex

What is the appropriate legal response to sexual activity induced by deception or mistake? My thesis is built on three foundational moves. First, I challenge orthodox legal approaches to identifying deception and develop a tripartite taxonomy of active and passive deception, and uninduced mistake. Second, I identify the violation of the right to sexual integrity as the conceptual core of rape and sexual assault. Third, I recast the right to sexual integrity as comprising three component rights: the right to token ostensible consent, the right to be free from illegitimate interference with the decision to do so, and the right to know information relevant to that decision. Deception and uninduced mistake implicate different component rights, and so affect consent-validity in different ways. Only in restricted circumstances will consent given on the basis of an uninduced mistake (rather than deception) constitute a violation of sexual integrity. In most cases, mistaken consent is valid.
When consent is given on the basis of deception or ‘relevant’ uninduced mistakes D infringes C’s right to sexual integrity. However, the right to sexual integrity it is not absolute, and must be balanced against D’s rights, chiefly (but by no means exclusively) the right to privacy. This balancing exercise functions to exclude from the reach of both moral censure and criminal law certain deceptions and relevant mistakes that induce consent. Even when D’s privacy right is not at stake, and C’s moral consent is invalid, issues of legal and public policy may militate against imposing criminal liability.
This thesis does not offer a comprehensive account of all circumstances in which deceptively induced or mistaken consent will be morally or legally (in)valid. However, it provides a much needed, robust theoretical framework for resolving long-standing difficulties in this controversial and highly contested area of the law.

Keywords: deception
deceit
consent
Advisor: Hoyano, L
Explanations for the growth of euroscepticism in the parliamentary Conservative Party

This thesis investigates why the Conservative Parliamentary party became more Eurosceptic between 1992-2016. It uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in seeking to answer two main research questions. Firstly, why did MPs adopt Eurosceptic positions? Secondly, why did the party become more Eurosceptic over time? It is argued that the answer to both these questions can be explained by elite driven politics within the Conservative Party. On the first research question, MPs’ positions have primarily been affected by their ideologies and their prospects of promotion. Electoral factors such as Eurosceptic constituencies and pressure from UKIP have been of less importance. In relation to the second research question, the data suggests that the party became more Eurosceptic because of both new Eurosceptic MPs entering the house and existing MPs becoming more Eurosceptic. The reason new Conservative MPs tended to be Eurosceptics was primarily that Eurosceptics dominated the talent pool of potential Conservative candidates. The selection decisions of constituency associations and the voting behaviour of the electorate had a relatively limited effect on the ideological composition of the Parliamentary party. MPs became more Eurosceptic during their Parliamentary career because of the internal politics of Parliament and developments at the EU level of government.

Keywords: Conservative Party
Legislative behaviour
Euroscepticism
Advisor: Hine, D
Religion and nation: an exercise in comparative political theology with special reference to Christos Yannaras and Sri Aurobindo

This thesis is an analysis of the ideas of religion and nation from the point of view of their semantic overlap and interdependence. The principal argument of this thesis is that, from a theological standpoint, the line between the sacred and profane lies not where it has been drawn by modernity, i.e. between the religious and the secular or political, but within each sphere. The particular angle from which I am looking at this issue is that of modern nationalism. I challenge modernity’s paradigm on two levels. Firstly, by analysing nationalist discourse and action, I claim that nationalism is far from being limited to what modernity defines as ‘profane’, but instead it often sacralises the nation, taking the place that previously belonged to conventional religion or to the pre-modern religio-political whole. Secondly, engaging theologically with Christos Yannaras and Sri Aurobindo Ghose, I argue that the Christian community is a holistic, profoundly political enterprise which, rather than identifying itself with the sacred, should also be able to discern and articulate the sacred outside its institutional borders, in the secular world of nations. Yannaras and Aurobindo provide resources for challenging modernity’s paradigm, but also serve as ‘test cases’, where both modern and anti-modern paradigms coexist in tension. I highlight this tension through analysis of the construction of respective Hellenic and Indian (or ‘Eastern’) identities in a theologically dangerous contraposition to the ‘West’.

Keywords: Comparative theology
Political theology--History of doctrines--20th century.
Hindu nationalism
Orthodox political theology
Advisor: Ward, G
Flood, G
Entrepreneurship in institutional context: actor emergence in transitions from wage-employment to entrepreneurship

Observing the technical enablers of the new forms of work and the prominent changes in the corporate employment patterns, many argue that we are at the dawn of a new era in the organisation of work. As the proportion of work is increasingly taking place in smaller, distributed units, transitions into entrepreneurship following redundancies are also becoming more common. While entrepreneurship is known to positively influence economic growth and employment, less is known about how entrepreneurial ventures that originate from a corporate redundancy programme obtain viability in the field of entrepreneurship. This thesis seeks to contribute towards an improved understanding of the transitions from wage-employment to entrepreneurship by addressing the question, “How do institutional contexts influence the emergence of entrepreneurial actors that originate from a corporate redundancy programme?”
Empirically, the thesis explores the emergence of around 300 entrepreneurial ventures that originated from the corporate redundancy programme that Nokia ran in Finland as a part of the global restructuring of its operations between 2011 and 2014. By utilising interview and archival data, the thesis studies how the ventures’ embeddedness, capital strategies and engagement with the institutional infrastructure of the entrepreneurial system influence their emergence in the sense of them obtaining the authority and capacity to act for themselves in the entrepreneurial field.
The findings contribute towards the theory of entrepreneurship in several ways. The thesis demonstrates that, rather than systems of entrepreneurship forming unitary entities of homogeneous goals, identities and principles, they may, in some cases, split into subsystems. It further elaborates on the multidimensionality of entrepreneurial ventures’ embeddedness and demonstrates that entrepreneurial capital may, at times, be restricted by the context. Beyond the contribution to the contextualisation of entrepreneurship, the thesis substantiates the theory of fields in organisational institutionalism. The findings offer a rare view into the separation of institutional infrastructure into subfields and elaborate the periphery of fields as a rich terrain of overlapping social orders, nonisomorphic actors, and heterogeneous positions.

Keywords: Organisational institutionalism
Entrepreneurship
Advisor: Reed-Tsochas, F
Felin, T
Dopson, S
Barron, D
Electronic processes in metal halide perovskites

Metal halide perovskites are a class of materials which have recently achieved remarkable success in solar cells. The rapid rate of improvement in the efficiencies of perovskite-based devices has however often outpaced understanding of the electronic processes occurring within these semiconductor materials. This thesis is concerned with providing insight into the factors influencing electron motion and recombination in a series of hybrid metal halide perovskites, principally using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Such knowledge is essential for the development of higher-performance perovskite-based devices.
The temperature dependence of emission line broadening is investigated in the four commonly-studied formamidinium and methylammonium perovskites, FAPbI3, FAPbBr3, MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3, and it is discovered that scattering from longitudinal optical phonons via the Fröhlich interaction is the dominant source of electron-phonon coupling near room temperature, with scattering off acoustic phonons negligible. Energies for the interacting longitudinal optical phonon modes are determined to be 11.5 and 15.3 meV, and Fröhlich coupling constants of approximately 40 and 60 meV are extracted for the lead iodide and bromide perovskites, respectively.
The low-temperature photoluminescence of FAPbI3 is studied, and both a power-law time dependence in the emission intensity, and an additional low-energy emission peak which exhibits an anomalous relative Stokes shift, are observed. Using a rate-equation model and a Monte Carlo simulation, it is revealed that both phenomena arise from the existence of an exponential trap-density tail with characteristic energy scale of ≈3 meV. In this high-quality hybrid perovskite, trap states therefore comprise a continuum of energetic levels (associated with disorder) rather than discrete trap energy levels (associated e.g. with elemental vacancies). These first two studies confirm that hybrid perovskites may be viewed as classic semiconductors, using a band-structure picture.
Finally, the relationship between the structural and optical properties of the double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 is examined. Temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal the presence of a ‘fast’ and a ‘slow’ carrier decay component, The appearance of the former component correlates with the structural phase-transition to the low-temperature tetragonal phase, indicating that it may originate from the formation of tetragonal twin domains.

Advisor: Herz, L
Johnston, M
The diasporic canon: American anthologies of contemporary Italian poetry, 1945-2015

This thesis offers the first history of contemporary Italian poetry in the United States from the end of the Second World War to the present. It traces the forms of reception and translation of Italian lyric by concentrating on one of the most powerful instruments of cultural dissemination: the poetry anthology. By combining a supra-national with a transdisciplinary approach, it defines the Italian canon in America as diasporic: first, because it was created by migrants and political refugees; second, because it promoted marginal groups such as the avant-garde, women poets and dialect poets; and third, because it constructed a hybrid culture, half-American and half-Italian, that expressed itself through different forms of translation (bilingual, trilingual, multilingual and visual). The result is the creation of an inverted, almost mystifying canon, one that has been built upon historical anticipations of later developments in Italy, transcontinental influences, but also distortions and even errors. Neither an anti- nor a counter-canon, the diasporic tradition analysed here does not compete with, or oppose, its Italian equivalent; rather, it complements and illuminates it by giving it a new transcultural dimension. By exploring Italian poetry’s potential for mobility and transformation, this thesis contributes an original viewpoint to existing narratives of diaspora and migration, both within and outside the fields of Italian, American, and Italian-American Studies. It also puts forward a renewed image of literature in translation and of its significance, whilst problematising received notions of nationality, ethnicity, gender, genre, and authorship.

Advisor: Gardini, N
The rally-intensive ground campaign: electioneering and party adaptation in Tanzania

This thesis is about election campaigning in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that the central feature of many African ground campaigns is the prominence assumed by the rally. Where aggregate rally attendance is high, ground campaigns are ‘rally-intensive’; this rally-intensiveness is key to understanding how parties electioneer and organise. These assertions complicate comparative typologies of election campaigns.
Part I examines under what circumstances ground campaigns become rally-intensive. It draws on historic studies of electioneering in both Western and African countries to show that campaigns became more rally-intensive after the proliferation of electronic amplification. Thereby, it illustrates that many rally-intensive campaigns emerged in the twentieth century and across continents. Next, it analyses Afrobarometer data to examine African rally attendance. It reveals that rising Internet, newspaper and television penetration reduces rally attendance. While this suggests that media penetration dampens rally attendance, there is evidence that other factors buoy it.
Part II examines electioneering in Tanzania. It analyses a survey conducted before and after the 2015 general election, and reveals some evidence that rallies have mobilisational and persuasive effects. Next, it draws on extensive participant observation of rallies and demonstrates that parties expend enormous efforts ‘producing’ rallies. Finally, it shows that canvassers alter who they contact in anticipation of who will attend rallies. Local actors’ roles in these tasks make them crucial auxiliaries in rally-intensive campaigns.
Part III uses qualitative evidence to demonstrate that Tanzanian parties have developed new, capital-intensive means of producing rallies. Inter-candidate and inter-party competition drove processes of rally capitalisation. Accordingly, parties fostered closer relationships with financiers to raise more funds. Thereby, the rally became a vehicle of party adaptation. These findings are instructive about party electioneering and organisation in Tanzania, but they are applicable by degrees wherever rally-intensive ground campaigns can be found, both in sub-Saharan Africa and further abroad.

Keywords: Rally
Rallies
Advisor: Cheeseman, N
Picturing resources in concurrency

Inspired by the pioneering work of Petri and the rise of diagrammatic formalisms to reason about networks of open systems, we introduce the resource calculus---a graphical language for distributed systems. Like process algebras, the resource calculus is modular, with primitive connectors from which all diagrams can be built. We characterise its equational theory by proving a full completeness result for an interpretation in the symmetric monoidal category of additive relations---a result that constitutes the main contribution of this thesis.
Additive relations are frequently exploited by model-checking algorithms for Petri nets. In this thesis, we recognise them as a fundamental algebraic structure of concurrency and use them as an axiomatic framework. Surprisingly, the resource calculus has the same syntax as that of interacting Hopf algebras, a diagrammatic formalism for linear (time-invariant dynamical) systems. Indeed, the approach stems from the simple but fruitful realisation that, by replacing values in a field with values in the semiring of non-negative integers, concurrent behaviour patterns emerge. This change of model reflects the interpretation of diagrams as systems manipulating limited and discrete resources instead of continuous signals.
We also extend the resource calculus in two orthogonal directions. First, by adding an affine primitive to express access to a constant quantity of resources. The extended calculus is remarkably expressive and allows the formulation of non-additive patterns of behaviour, like mutual exclusion. Once more, we characterise it---this time as the equational theory of the symmetric monoidal category of polyhedral relations, discrete analogues of polyhedra in convex geometry. Secondly, we add a synchronous register to model stateful systems. The stateful resource calculus is expressive enough to faithfully capture the behaviour of Petri nets while being strictly more expressive. It is also shown to axiomatise a category of open Petri nets, in the style of the connector algebras of nets with boundaries first studied by Bruni, Melgratti, Montanari and Sobociński.

Advisor: Coecke, B
Abramsky, S
Individual differences in environmental sensitivity

Theories of Environmental Sensitivity predict that there is inter-individual variation in the degree of processing and responding to the surrounding environment, which can explain individual differences observed in psychological outcomes. Sensory-Processing Sensitivity (SPS) describes a personality trait, which is thought to reflect heightened environmental sensitivity (i.e., increased processing and responding to the environment). The evidence in this thesis supports this claim, as SPS was found to moderate the effect of life experiences on different psychological outcomes. High SPS reflected a risk factor for high levels of depression and low levels of wellbeing, which was related to increased responsivity to retrospective negative childhood experiences (in adults), as well as increased responsivity to concurrent negative life events (in adolescents). It also found that high SPS individuals showed attenuated responsivity to positive childhood experiences (in adults), although no moderation of positive life events was observed in adolescents. Together, these studies show that high SPS reflects heightened environmental sensitivity, within a diathesis-stress context, as it reflects increased psychopathology, in combination with environmental stress. Further, emotion regulation was found to be an important mediating factor, highlighting a potential treatment target for future mental health interventions, designed for high SPS individuals. Cognitive mechanisms, which support increased processing and responding to the environment, were also investigated within the context of SPS and different contextual learning tasks. However, no associations were observed between SPS and (i) statistical learning, (ii) global-local attentional processing biases, nor (iii) differences in reinforcement learning. Future research may benefit from undertaking neural measurements, such as by electroencephalogram (EEG), in order to assess cognitive mechanisms more directly.

Advisor: Fox, E
Bowes, L
Engineered pores for stochastic sensing and single molecule studies

Stochastic sensing is a powerful approach for the detection of a range of analytes, yielding information at the single molecule level. Protein pores engineered for the binding of desired analytes are inserted into planar lipid bilayers and analyte binding is detected by observing the modulation of current flowing through the pore under an applied potential.
In this work, two complementary approaches for the detection of protein analytes were investigated. Chapter 2 describes the development of genetically encoded hetero-heptameric αHL stochastic sensors that bear a single Pim kinase consensus substrate sequence at the trans mouth of the pore. These were achieved by insertional fusion in the trans loop of a single subunit of the pore to yield a loop-constrained peptide, or via a novel method wherein site-specific proteolytic cleavage of the trans loop fusion yielded a peptide attached by a single terminus. The affinity of Pim-1 for the proteolytically-cleaved sensor was determined to be 99 nM. Additionally, the addition of MgATP to the sensor in the presence of Pim-1 produced an irreversible change in current behaviour that is consistent with phosphorylation of the sensor.
The sensors and methods outlined here allow for sensitive, label-free detection of Pim-1 kinase. Further, the observation of phosphorylation in the presence of MgATP would suggest that it should be possible to observe catalytic turnover of the sensor substrate if the kinase activity is coupled with an active phosphatase. Further, it should be straightforward to modify the sensor to facilitate the screening of ATP-competitive inhibitors. Hence, the sensors developed here will be useful for the sensitive, label-free detection and assay of kinases by stochastic sensing.
In Chapter 3, a scheme is proposed in which outer membrane protein G (OmpG) pores that bind a desired target are selected from a combinatorial peptide library inserted in an extramembranous loop of OmpG. This would allow the selection of stochastic sensors against targets for which no suitable ligand exists. The suitability of OmpG for bacterial display was first demonstrated, before construction of the combinatorial library. However, OmpG expression had an adverse effect on cell viability that prevented successful screening. Additionally, a rapid method of characterising selected clones using droplet interface bilayers was developed that may be useful for high throughput applications.
Finally, Chapter 4 details efforts to express and engineer the Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) for stochastic sensing. This monomeric β-barrel membrane protein possesses a large lumen of diameter 25Å. VDAC could therefore have potential for the stochastic sensing of substrates too large for the lumen of αHL or OmpG.

Advisor: Bayley, H
Lysosomal dysfunction and glycosphingolipid dysregulation in rare and common neurodegenerative diseases

Historically, the rare early-onset neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) have been studied as discrete metabolic diseases in their own right. However, in recent years links with more common late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), have emerged. For example, lysosomal dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and protein aggregation are shared features in these diseases. However, altered lipid homeostasis, especially glycosphingolipid (GSL) dysregulation, is a relatively new research field of interest in PD and even more so in ALS.
In this thesis, we provide evidence that GSL metabolism is altered during denervation, in an ALS mouse model, and in ALS patients. We further show that pharmacological modulation of GSL levels, especially the ganglioside GM1a, could be a therapeutic approach for ALS.
Mutations in the Gaucher disease-linked lysosomal enzyme GBA are major genetic risk factors for developing PD. In this thesis, we observed that a subset of sporadic PD fibroblasts phenocopied characteristics of lysosomal dysfunction associated with GBA mutations. Furthermore, ageing is the major non-genetic risk factor for adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. We show that levels of GSLs and activities of lysosomal hydrolases, relevant to PD, are altered in the ageing brain of wildtype mice. Importantly, we demonstrate, in human post-mortem substantia nigra and putamen, that levels of GSLs, especially complex gangliosides such as GM1a, and multiple lysosomal hydrolase activities are reduced during ageing and to a greater extent in sporadic PD. However, these changes were not observed in mouse models of PD, questioning their usefulness as models for PD. Finally, we demonstrate that ganglioside levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from PD patients are potential biomarkers for PD. Consequently, existing LSD therapies may hold promise as new therapeutic approaches for treating PD.

Keywords: Neurodegeneration
Parkinson's Disease
Lysosome
Advisor: Platt, F