VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Estimates of the size-fractionated primary production of UK shelf seas from satellite

Estimates of size-fractionated (S-F) primary production are valuable to marine ecologists, biogeochemists and policymakers, as the productivity of individual fractions are important to populations of grazers and processes of nutrient cycling and carbon export. This thesis aims to provide a means to estimate S-F PP in UK Shelf Seas, using in situ measurements of photosynthesis-irradiance (PE) parameters to tune an existing remote sensing model of S-F PP. A large dataset from the Celtic Sea and the Western English Channel shows that photosynthetic rates of picophytoplankton are markedly higher than larger nano- and microphytoplankton, and that PE parameter values for this size fraction are higher than observed in open-ocean environments. This leads to picophytoplankton accounting for a greater proportion of shelf-sea PP than previously assumed. Bio-optical measurements conducted in the Celtic Sea allowed the correction of αBvalues and calculation of φmax using more representative S-F chlorophyll-specific absorption (aph*(λ)) spectra. However, a significant number of data gaps and lack of reliable microphytoplankton spectra necessitated using average or modelled values of aph*(λ). Testing approaches of estimating aph*(λ) revealed that using some modelled spectra produced reasonable estimates of water-column PP. However, the vertical distribution of PP changed considerably between model runs using different estimated spectra, which may hinder our ability to assess the shape of the PP profile and the contribution of subsurface populations to integrated PP.
This study provides a synthesis of the largest dataset of measured S-F chlorophyll concentrations, phytoplankton PE parameters, and absorption spectra for UK Shelf Seas, incorporating data from across a variety of shelf environments in multiple years, often at weekly resolution for Western English Channel sites, allowing us to explore the relationship between the photophysiology of shelf-sea phytoplankton and environmental variables. Developing a regionally-tuned model to map S-F PP in UK Shelf Seas from space represents a useful advance in the monitoring of ecology and biogeochemistry of shelf-sea systems.
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Keywords: ocean
adaptation
phytoplankton
photophysiology
marine environment
remote sensing
marine ecosystems
productivity
Advisor: Tilstone, G
Bouman, H
Hickman, A
Brewin, R
Sathyendranath, S
Examining molecular interactions and dynamics in centrosome and centriole assembly

Centrioles are cellular organelles that give rise to the centrosome, a structure composed of a pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. Centrosomes perform a variety of different cellular functions: they are the main microtubule organising centre in animal cells and are important signalling hubs. The centrosome is composed of hundreds of different proteins, but only a handful are essential. In Drosophila, Sak/Plk4, Ana2, Sas-6, Sas-4 and Asl are required for centriole assembly and Spd-2 and Cnn are indispensable for PCM assembly. Many questions remain regarding how these proteins behave, interact and are regulated, as genetic analysis of these processes is often complicated by the absence of centrioles when these proteins are mutated.
In this thesis, I apply recent technological advancements and a biological model system to the study of essential centriole proteins. Using newly developed fluorescent proteins, I am able to localise Sak over the cell cycle in live embryos. Developing and applying a correlative microscopy approach, I was able to localise the protein termini of Ana2 and Sas-6 with nanometre precision to the centriole cartwheel. With the further characterisation and utilization of an in vivo centriole model system, I shed light on the direct contribution of Sak, Asl and Sas-4 on the Ana2/Sas-6 interaction, definitively identify the role of Asl in Spd-2 and Cnn recruitment, and develop a protein-protein interaction assay. The latter led me to identify novel Cdk1/Cyclin B phosphorylation sites on Ana2, providing a possible insight into the cell cycle and centriole duplication cycle link.

Advisor: Raff, J
Making progress with Wittgenstein and popular genre film

This study concerns ways of conceptualising what it means to use genre patterns in narrative film critically and creatively. The introduction begins by analysing the opening scene of a regular episode of a German television crime drama episode, Polizeiruf 110: Er sollte tot… (Germany 2006), directed by Dominik Graf, whose work challenges rigid and narrow definitions of genres and theories in film and genre studies. Before returning to Graf in the last two chapters, the intermediary chapters outline the philosophical and conceptual scaffolding of the investigation: Chapter 2 sets the stage by outlining central concepts of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy, which I employ in later chapter for a critical, challenging and pluralistic method of thinking about conventional film forms, genres, and techniques. With help by the Coen brothers and their film A Serious Man (USA 2010), chapter 3 acknowledges some ways in which Wittgenstein’s method be abused. The film exemplifies ways in which Wittgensteinian approaches to thinking about culture can misfire, and as such contributes to a Wittgensteinian practice of self-reflection. Thus prepared, chapter 4 looks more closely at Dominik Graf’s films, challenging existing uses of Wittgenstein’s philosophy in genre studies, arguing that defining genre as a family resemblance concept does not sufficiently account for the dynamic and enabling force of genre conventions. Problems can be overcome by turning to Wittgenstein’s concept of language-games, which helps to clarify the status of genre rules and brings into view differences between their practical uses in everyday life. The final chapter analyses Graf’s Die Freunde der Freunde (Germany 2002) by sketching film language games: Various aspects of genre film can be clarified using the concept of grammar. The conclusion then ties the threads of the argument together, reflecting on the potential of Wittgenstein’s method for a defense of popular film and as providing a model of criticism that does not subvert itself.

Advisor: Morgan, B
An investigation of the modulation and underlying mechanisms of the self bias effect

The self bias effect refers to the prioritised processing of self-related information (i.e. faster RTs and higher accuracy) over information about others. This phenomenon has been widely observed across many areas of cognition such as memory, attention and perception. However, current knowledge of the self bias effect is still insufficient. This thesis utilises the perceptual matching paradigm as an experimental instrument to study the self bias effect in three main aspects.
First, the impact of social experiences on self bias is examined. This thesis presents data that demonstrate the modulation of self bias as a result of three factors – cultural background, situational cues and major life developments. Comparisons of the self bias between independent and interdependent cultures reveal a difference in the self bias relative to strangers. Priming of interdependent frames of mind reduces the self bias relative to friend in people with low bias, which suggests individual differences in the magnitude of the self bias effect. The transition into motherhood, as a major life development, demonstrates a loss of the self bias effect due to maternal behaviour.
Second, in the attempt to explain the robustness of the self bias effect, this thesis investigates the underlying mechanisms of self bias through parallel comparisons of self-related and reward-related stimuli using the perceptual matching task. To further explain the relationship between self and reward processes, electrophysiological responses are also examined with electroencephalogram (EEG) methods. The data demonstrate partial distinctions in the neural pathway that underlie self and reward processes.
Third, social psychology methods, in addition to methods from experimental psychology, are used to study the self bias effect from another perspective. However, the data are unable to link the self bias effect with trait characteristics at this stage.
This thesis contributes to current understanding of self-related processing by identifying the factors that modulate self bias and exploring the underlying mechanisms of self bias.

Advisor: Sui, J
Yeung, N
Humphreys, G
Understanding the mechanisms controlling stress corrosion cracking through high-resolution characterization

Austenitic alloys have been extensively used in the nuclear industry as structural components due to their combination of excellent mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance. Although these alloys have a good service record, many can become susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) under pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water conditions. After several decades of study, a considerable number of factors have been revealed that affect SCC susceptibility, such as material composition, pre-existent cold-work, temperature or water chemistry. Although the effects of these factors on SCC have been extensively studied, a better mechanistic understanding is still needed. High-resolution characterization techniques can reveal key processes involved in SCC crack propagation. For this reason, analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) have been used to characterize the crack tip region.
Several SCC precursors have been identified: intergranular oxidation zone (IOZ) ahead of the crack tip, Cr-Fe depletion ahead of the IOZ, grain boundary migration along the crack and ahead of the crack tip, and localized deformation around the crack tip. The first objective of this thesis was to understand the underlying connections between these precursors and SCC propagation. Intergranular carbides and grain boundary migration were observed to be able to restrain SCC propagation. In addition, two mechanisms were confirmed to play important roles in the SCC propagation: one being a diffusion-based and the other one mechanical deformation-based.
The second objective of this thesis was to obtain a better mechanistic understanding of the temperature dependence of crack growth rate (CGR) in 316SS and Alloy 600 in the temperature range of 320-360ºC. It was found that the two proposed mechanisms seem to have different weights on each alloy at “low” and “high” temperatures.
The third objective was to explain the effect of Ni content on SCC CGR, also known as the “Coriou effect”. Four alloys with different content of Ni, including 316SS, Alloy 16Ni, Alloy 60Ni, and Alloy 600 were characterized. The results showed that although the elemental diffusion increased with the increase of Ni content in the Fe-based alloys (316SS and Alloy 16Ni), the mechanical deformation-based mechanism appeared to play a dominant role, leading to the CGR decrease with the increase of Ni content in the Fe-based alloys. Both the diffusion-based mechanism and the mechanical deformation-based mechanism increased the CGR in Ni-based alloys (Alloy 60Ni and Alloy 600) with the increase of Ni content. The excellent SCC resistance of the alloys in the range of 20-45%wt. Ni was mainly contributed by the low extent of localized deformation around the crack tip, although the elemental diffusion in these alloys was not very low.

Advisor: Lozano-Perez, S
'When tuneful bards awak'd the song sublime': the bardic sublime in romantic poetry, 1750-1825

This thesis introduces my conception of the “bardic sublime” in the poetry of Thomas Gray, William Blake, William Wordsworth and Felicia Hemans. I present the bardic sublime as a form of poetic rhetoric: one which foregrounds the affective qualities associated with the ancient Welsh bard – a figure revived in Gray’s poetry – who is depicted as the prototype of the modern bard or poet in Romantic verse. While nationalistic discourse of the early eighteenth century encouraged interest in antiquarian activity, the emphasis of my thesis is upon imaginative engagement with ideas of the bardic, framed in the rhetoric of the sublime, to articulate the wider poetics of each writer upon whom I focus.
My thesis spans the period 1750-1825. The earliest major texts considered are Thomas Gray’s “The Bard: A Pindaric Ode” – composed between 1754 and 1757 – which was published in 1757, the same year that Edmund Burke’s A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful appeared in print. The last major texts considered are Hemans’ Welsh Melodies, published in 1821, and Wordsworth’s “Composed among the Ruins of a Castle in North Wales”, which was composed in September 1824, the year of Wordsworth’s last visit to Wales.
I consider four generations of poetry which engage with the bardic sublime. Chapter One considers the origins of the bardic sublime in the verse of Thomas Gray, affording specific attention to the “The Bard”: the text which is most commonly echoed in the writings of Blake, Wordsworth and Hemans, and which thrust the ancient bard to the forefront of the eighteenth-century literary stage. Chapter Two turns to the visual art and poetry of William Blake, exploring how visual responses to Gray’s Bard – including Blake’s own watercolour illustrations of Gray’s poems – served to shape the poetry that followed. I start in the 1790s with Blake’s Songs before turning to his prophetic books. In Chapter Three, I consider the works of William Wordsworth, emphasising the significance of the natural – as opposed to Blake’s psychological – landscape in his model of the bardic sublime. I assess his idea of the bard as an intermediary between human and landscape. Finally, in Chapter Four, I consider a female response to the ostensibly masculine categories of the bardic and the sublime in the work of Felicia Hemans. I demonstrate how Hemans’ affinity to the bardic and to the Welsh landscape as depicted in verse is – while in some ways similar to that of Wordsworth’s poetry – one which is ultimately predicated upon her own longstanding and personal attachment to Wales and to the figure of the ancient bard.

Keywords: Felicia Hemans
Welsh
Poetry
Romanticism
Celticism
Romantic art
Eighteenth-century literature
The Romantic period
Romantic literature
Eighteenth-century art
The sublime
Wales
Eighteenth-century
William Blake
Thomas Gray
Long eighteenth century
William Wordsworth
Bards
Edmund Burke
Druids
Landscape
Wales in literature
Cultural Memory
Eighteenth-century poetry
Romantic poetry
Advisor: McAlpine, E
Free trade federalism in Australia and the European Union: Judicial delimitation of legislative competence

The Commonwealth of Australia and the European Union were each formed, in large part, with the goal of creating an internal market spanning the territory of all the constituent States, but with the intention that those constituent States should continue to enjoy a considerable measure of legislative autonomy to pass diverse laws for their own polities. In each case, this was to be achieved by the establishment of a federal (or federal-like) structure with a constitutional document adopted by the constituent States, which established this internal market of free trade between the States, and entrusted the task of adjudicating the compliance with these provisions to a central, union-level court.
The High Court of Australia and the Court of Justice of the European Union have grappled with this task of how to balance the internal market against State legislative autonomy by evolving a strikingly similar jurisprudence – all the more noteworthy given the relatively limited judicial and scholarly exchange between the two systems. Both courts first ask whether the impugned law is such as to come within the scope of the free movement provisions, and then, if the law is within that scope, whether the law is nevertheless justified by reference to some legitimate purpose being pursued in a proportionate manner by the legislating State.
Over the decades, both Australia and the EU have seen contention as to the proper definition of the scope of free movement provisions, with discrimination analysis and trade restriction analysis struggling for dominance. In Australia, discrimination analysis now dominates; in the EU, the jurisprudence has been cleft into several parts, some under discrimination analysis, others under trade restriction analysis. On the question of justification, Australia and the EU have evolved a considerable jurisprudential similarity both in form and in content, with this element being less controversial than the question of scope.
In developing their jurisprudence of both scope and justification, the courts have played a significant role in determining the balance between the internal market and the preservation of State legislative autonomy in each system.

Keywords: Federalism
Comparative Law
Free Movement of Goods
European Union Law
Section 92 of Australian Constitution
Legal History
Free Movement of Services
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
Australian Law
Advisor: Weatherill, S
The experiences of university students diagnosed with dyslexia as they use assistive learning technologies for their studies

This study investigates ways in which assistive learning technologies shape the learning experiences of university students diagnosed with dyslexia. The research investigates the experiences of students from various backgrounds, studying different subjects, within numerous contexts at two institutions (a modern and traditional university). The study closely examines how these students use assistive learning technologies to support their studies as well as the wider influential strategies used in different institutional environments.
The research took an in-depth qualitative approach to examining academic and disability coordinators views and practices and students’ experiences through semi-structured interviews. In addition to the interviews, students were asked to record their daily use of technologies and to talk through their processes of using assistive learning technologies when completing an assignment. The research involved 10 university staff and 41 dyslexic undergraduate and postgraduate students.
The findings of the research showed that the majority of students, once they had developed confidence in the use of assistive learning technologies, were able to use them in order to enhance and adapt their learning to create a personalised and accessible university experience. The findings also indicated that students’ backgrounds, such as school and family, can influence their adoption of assistive learning technologies and coping strategies, but are also governed by their inner-capacity of being motivated and determined to succeed. The role of the Disabled Students’ Allowance (DSA) and the university were instrumental in providing support and provisions that included funding for a diagnosis, face-to-face tuition and assistive learning technologies. Additionally, students regular contact time with tutors was identified as being beneficial in both accommodating their needs and providing extra support. With the integration of assistive learning technologies, the findings identified that students less experienced in the writing process and with a greater cognitive weakness followed a more structured scaffold approach. Finally, through the adoption of multi-modal methods of enablement and engagement with assistive learning technologies, students were able to reduce working memory stress and increase their independence of learning.

Keywords: Dyslexia
Assistive Learning Technologies
Higher Education
Assistive Technology
Advisor: Davies, C
The role of windblown dust from ephemeral river valleys in the fertilisation of the Benguela Upwelling System

The deposition of dust on the global ocean provides essential nutrients for biological primary production. Research into aeolian dust has focused on dust sources identified at the global scale by the emission of mineral aerosols a minimum of one kilometre into the atmosphere. The deflation origins of these global hot-spots of dust are major topographical pan features providing paleolacustrine sources of fine, desiccated sediment that is highly susceptible to wind erosion. However, small-scale geomorphological features are being increasingly identified as significant emitters of dust. Namibia’s twelve western ephemeral river valleys are known to regularly produce dust but have remained largely overlooked as a regionally significant source of dust and as a contributor to ocean fertilisation. The depositional area of the river valley dust is the adjacent marine Benguela Upwelling System which hosts one of the highest primary production rates in the world’s oceans. In this research correlation between terrestrial airborne dust concentrations, aeolian dust and oceanic chlorophyll levels is assessed and the fertilisation potential of dust from three river valleys is investigated. The results provide the first direct evidence of the contribution of river valley dust to ocean fertilisation within the highly productive Benguela upwelling system. The research further shows that Namibia’s river valleys provide an enriched source of aeolian nutrients, most importantly for bioavailable iron, with windblown dust and source sediments having a higher fertilisation potential than either of southern Africa’s major pan dust source areas. These enriched sediments in the dust-emitting lower regions of the three river valleys are shown to occur irrespective of upper catchment rainfall, land use or geology. This suggests that similarly enriched dust source sediments would be common to all twelve valleys, resulting from comparable geomorphological processes, and the river valleys are therefore a regionally significant source of ocean fertilising dust. This research demonstrates the impact that small-scale dust sources can have and that riverine dust sources can be a source of highly fertile mineral aerosols that warrant increased research attention.

Keywords: Namibia
geomorphology
dust sources
dust
ocean fertilisation
atmospheric transport
Benguela Upwelling System
mineral aerosols
ephemeral rivers
Aeolian
ocean dust deposition
Advisor: Thomas, D
Wiggs, G