VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic burden of replantation of avulsed permanent maxillary incisors of children and adolescents

This study describes the socioeconomic burden on children (and their families) whose avulsed permanent maxillary incisors were replanted. Complete records for a minimum of one year were obtained for 43 patients (60 replanted incisors) treated at The Hospital for Sick Children from 1988 to 1999. Mean age at time of injury was 10.6 years (range = 6.6-17.7). First-year mean treatment provided included 5.5 diagnostic periapical radiographs, 1.3 pulpectomies, and 2.7 pulp medication applications. First year mean treatment cost (1465 CAD) and direct time (7.2 hours) was estimated. Survey of 21 patient-parent pairs demonstrated that the drive to request replantation is very strong in both parents and children in that a majority of patients (67%) and parents (81%) stated they would have still made the same replantation decision. This study describes the burden of the decision to replant on both children and their families and increases information for consent purposes.
Radiation-induced impaired surgical skin wound healing, pathophysiology and prevention

We investigated the pathophysiology of radiation-induced impaired surgical wound healing using a rat skin flap wound receiving pre-operative single dose or fractionated irradiation, and the efficacy of the radioprotector Amifostine in mitigating the adverse effects of irradiation on wound healing. We examined wound breaking strength (WBS), wound hydroxyproline content, wound densities of macrophages, fibroblasts and capillaries, and wound protein expression of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Both single dose and fractionated irradiation impaired wound healing as indicated by decreased WBS and wound hydroxyproline content compared to the control (p < 0.05). Wound densities of macrophages, fibroblasts and capillaries were decreased in irradiated wounds compared to the control (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis demonstrated down-regulation of VEGF in irradiated wound tissue (p < 0.05). Finally, Amifostine prophylaxis significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the adverse effects of pre-operative irradiation on WBS, wound tissue hydroxyproline content, and wound tissue densities of fibroblasts and capillaries.
Defining architect in nineteenth-century Toronto, the practices of John George Howard and Thomas Young

Scholarship on the history of architecture has tended to be centred for the most part around the end product of architecture--either the building's design (as expressed in drawings or models) or the resulting structure--rather than the architectural profession. As Spiro Kostof notes in 'The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession' (1977): "the education and training of the architect at different times and in different cultural worlds, the 'process' of architectural practice, the structure of the profession and such topics have been of secondary importance." Yet Kostof is right to emphasize that these other issues undeniably affect our understanding of architecture and its history. This thesis approaches architectural history with this criticism in mind. The purpose here is to analyze the practice of architecture in Upper Canada in the mid-nineteenth century and to reveal the impetus behind professionalization, which was only undertaken toward the end of the nineteenth century. In fact it will become clear that in the early part of the century architecture was scarcely considered a profession at all. This thesis takes as its model the few previous investigations into architectural practice besides Kostof's work, such as Martin S. Briggs's 'The Architect in History' (1927) and Frank Jenkins' 'Architect and Patron' (1961). Briggs, like Kostof, notes the meagerness of the material on the architect and his practice, with the bulk of the writing focusing on the history of style. In his investigation, which considers the architect from his earliest times through the Renaissance to nineteenth century England, Briggs attempts to answer questions such as: what manner of men were architects, how were they trained, how did they work, what difficulties did they experience, and what did society think of them. Similar questions are addressed here in the nineteenth century context of this province (known successively as Upper Canada, Canada West, and Ontario). The working methods of John George Howard (1803-1890) and Thomas Young (1805-1860) are the principal focus of investigation, and the "works in architecture" are examined largely--but not exclusively--as evidence of those working methods. Ultimately this dissertation will show that the roles, duties, status and professional claims of the architect were variable, ill-defined and inconsistent thus necessitating professional organization, which would only develop near the end of the century.
Three dimensional disorders of gaze and binocular alignment after brainstem and ocular motor nerve lesions

The effects of paralytic strabismus and neural lesions on ocular motor systems were investigated. Patients with sixth, fourth, and third nerve palsy, as well as skew deviation caused by brainstem or cerebellar lesions were studied. The vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in three axes of rotation were investigated using the magnetic search coil technique. The effects of paralytic strabismus and neural lesions on Listing's and Donders' laws, which specify torsional eye position, were also studied. Monocular adaptive changes in the VOR were demonstrated; in sixth nerve palsy, horizontal VOR gains are not only decreased during abduction, but also during adduction of the paretic eye, without a conjugate decrease in gains of the non-paretic eye. Similarly, in fourth nerve palsy, VOR gains not only reduced during incyclotorsion, depression, and abduction, but also during ' excyclotorsion, elevation and adduction' of the paretic eye, while VOR gains in the non paretic eye remain normal. In third nerve palsy, VOR gains are not only decreased during adduction and excyclotorsion, but also during 'abduction' and 'incyclotorsion' of the paretic eye, without a conjugate decrease in gains of the non-paretic eye. This monocular adaptation is attributed to retinal slip differences between the two eyes. Monocular adaption was also identified in the saccadic system. In mild and moderate sixth nerve palsy, saccade peak velocities in the paretic hemifield of motion are normal in the paretic eye, without a conjugate increase in peak velocities in the non-paretic eye. This selective adaptation is also visually driven; it allows both eyes to reach a target in the paretic hemifield of motion rapidly and simultaneously. During saccades and fixation, 'acute' peripheral sixth and fourth nerve palsy violates Listing's law, whereas 'chronic' palsy obeys it, indicating that neural adaptation can restore Listing's law even when the eye muscle remains abnormal. Patients with skew deviation caused by brainstem or cerebellar lesions have abnormal ocular torsion in both eyes, providing evidence that elements of the neural pathway that enforce Listing's law traverse the regions of the brainstem and cerebellum that are damaged in skew deviation.
Antecedents to attentional flexibility in the second year

Antecedents to individual differences in attentional engagement associated with emotion regulation have been proposed but rarely studied. In this study, assessments of neonatal reactivity and self-regulation, and maternal responsiveness in the first year, were used to predict attentional flexibility during monthly emotion-eliciting episodes between 14 and 25 months of age. These associations were also examined for discontinuity of relationships across a hypothesized developmental transition at approximately 18-20 months. As expected, neonatal self-regulation predicted second-year attentional flexibility. Maternal responsiveness was found to be an unreliable predictor, with strong associations at some months only. No discontinuity was found across monthly correlations between the three predictors and attentional flexibility. However, results of regression analyses suggest that associations between antecedents and attentional flexibility were enhanced by contributions from maternal responsiveness and present distress starting at 20 months.
Nonlinear state-estimation for spacecraft attitude determination

Spacecraft requirements are changing. Smaller, lower-cost spacecrafts are more desirable, while the desired performance is increasing. The effect of using cheaper hardware may be offset by the use of more sophisticated controller and estimation schemes. This thesis compares the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with the Nonlinear Predictive Filter (NPF) and the extended 'H'[infinity] filter (EHF). The EHF is a linearized 'H'[infinity] filter, completely analogous to the EKF, which is a linearized Kalman filter. Under certain circumstances, the NPF outperforms the EKF. However, the requirements for these circumstances conflict with filter robustness with respect to initial estimate error. This problem is solved by applying the NPF differently, but comes at the cost of robustness with respect to plant error. The EHF performs poorly in all aspects. The EKF has the least sensitivity to sensor noise level and is the estimation scheme of choice.
Protecting the brain during cardiac surgery

Neurologic injury during cardiac surgery can range from neuropsychological impairment (NPI) to stroke. We performed a variety of clinical studies in cardiac surgery patients in order to define the etiologies of neurologic injury and to investigate methods of minimizing these clinically important problems. We reviewed prospectively gathered data on 12,448 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery at one institution. The risk factors for stroke, as defined by logistic regression analysis, suggested that macroemboli was the predominant etiology. We also performed intraoperative transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. We determined that cerebral emboli were more likely to occur after perfusionist events, i.e. the introduction of air into the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, than during surgical events or baseline (6.9 ± 1.1 emboli per minute versus 1.5 ± 0.4 and 0.4 ± 0.1 respectively, p < 0.001). Neuropsychological testing revealed that increased perfusionist events, and therefore increased gaseous microemboli, were associated with significantly worse postoperative cognitive function. We described several simple intraoperative techniques that can be used to minimize the number of gaseous cerebral emboli. We also performed a randomized clinical trial comparing cerebral embolic rates during aortic arch cannulation versus ascending aorta cannulation. Aortic arch cannulation resulted in a significant reduction in the number of cerebral emboli per minute (2.0 ± 0.3 versus 4.2 ± 0.9 per minute respectively, p = 0.03). We also performed a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effects of insulin on postoperative NPI. Our interim analysis revealed that the prevalence of NPI was 31% in insulin patients (95% C.I. 16-47%) versus 49% in control patients (95% C.I. 16-47%, p = 0.14). The trial is ongoing and more patients will be required to determine the effects of insulin on NPI. We concluded from our studies that stroke during cardiac surgery is predominantly caused by cerebral macroemboli and neuropsychological impairment is predominantly caused by cerebral microemboli. Cerebral microemboli can be minimized by several intraoperative techniques, including aortic arch cannulation. Further studies are required to determine the role of pharmacologic neuroprotection, including insulin, during cardiac surgery.
Learning to identify human faces

The current experiments investigated perceptual learning of spatial frequency information in facial stimuli. Experiment 1 showed that one day of training with faces containing a specific range of spatial frequencies (4-15 or 16-63 cycles/image) did not facilitate performance with the same faces that contained different spatial frequency information on the second day of testing. In Experiment 2, perceptual learning was found in the All-Pass condition across days; learning transferred to the Medium- and High-Pass filtered faces (8-31 and 32-127 cycles/image, respectively), but not to the Low-Pass filtered faces (2-7 cycles/image). A portion of the behavioural improvement was due to a general learning effect. A computer simulation demonstrated that the observers' relatively poor performances in the Low- and High-Pass conditions could not be attributed to the amount of information in the stimuli. The stimulus-specific learning found in these experiments demonstrates the importance of low-level visual mechanisms in face recognition tasks.
Frames of orthogonal projections

The primary aim of this thesis is to find and compare appropriate notions of distances on frames which arise from different contexts. A frame [epsilon] is a collection {'E'1, ... , ' Er'} of mutually orthogonal projections in 'M n' whose sum is the identity matrix 'I'. A frame may be identified with the pinching operator <math> <f> A<?Eqn TeX input="\mapsto"><hsp sp="0.212"><sum align="r"><ll> i=1</ll><ul>r</ul></sum></f> </math> 'EiAEi' in <math> <f> <sc>B</sc></f> </math>('Mn'), or with the coset of a certain subgroup of 'Un' (i.e., as a point in a generalized flag manifold). Angles, analogous to those between a pair of subspaces (equivalently, projections), are defined between a pair of frames to measure the distance between them: [Theta] is precisely the set of canonical angles between two pinchings (considered as projections in <math> <f> <sc>B</sc></f> </math>('Mn')), and [Phi]0, [Phi] + are derived from the union of the canonical angles between the constituent projections of two frames. Norm inequalities in both directions are found between these sets of angles. By viewing a frame as a coset, and the arguments of the spectrum of a unitary representative for the coset as angles, some additional relations are derived. The question of when frames are antipodal with respect to a certain natural metric is also addressed; results are obtained for dimensions 'n' = 2, 3, 4.
Thoughts animals can think, attributing beliefs and describing content

One of the problems that arises in attempts to attribute thoughts to non-human animals is that is difficult to find sentences of human language that accurately express the content of those thoughts. I argue that semantic theories that do not depend on an understanding of propositional content as being linguistic in nature can provide a helpful perspective from which to approach questions about the content of the beliefs of non-language-using animals. In particular, I consider Robert Stalnaker's possible worlds semantics and the situation semantics of Jon Barwise and John Perry. I argue that both of these theories provide ways of understanding the content of beliefs on which it is far more plausible that non-human animals have beliefs than theories that take propositions to be linguistically structured. I further argue, however, that Barwise and Perry's account is ultimately more helpful than Stalnaker's and avoids some significant problems faced by possible worlds theories. In my approach to these topics, I consider the plausibility, on various influential theories of mind, of the idea that animals have beliefs and I provide an exposition of Jonathan Bennett's account of what types of animal behavior justify the attribution of beliefs. I conclude by arguing that the combined work of Bennett, Stalnaker, and Barwise and Perry can be used to address a line of reasoning I refer to as the specificity argument. According to the specificity argument, if an animal cannot express its beliefs in language, it is impossible to attribute content to any belief one might attribute to it with enough precision to make sense of claims that the animal has one belief rather than another. It is then concluded that non-language-using animals do not have beliefs. I use the work discussed above to show that the specificity argument does not, by itself, show that non-human animals do not have beliefs. As well, the approach to understanding content that I consider will be helpful in considerations of the content of non-language users in general, and is a promising first step in the assessment of many arguments against the claim that animals have beliefs.
Probing the dynamic behaviour of ridge waveguide multi-quantum well distributed feedback lasers, fundamental picosecond studies of chirp under large-signal modulation

This work presents the first experimental report of time-resolved measurement of directly-modulated telecommunications-wavelength lasers at 1310 nm using a double subtractive monochromator combined with streak camera. This work combines in a novel manner the picosecond and potentially sub-picosecond temporal resolution of the streak camera with the sub-Angstrom wavelength resolution of the double-subtractive monochromator without undue temporal distortion. The 0.05 nm resolution of the double subtractive monochromator and 12 ps temporal resolution of the streak camera were used to observe the detailed profile of transient chirping over excursions of 0.08 nm and 0.1 nm in directly modulated lasers. Measurement of the spectro-temporal evolution of laser emissions under these conditions is of critical importance in enabling metropolitan-area and regional networks based on cost-effective source technologies. The novel experiment reported herein provides a wealth of information compared to broadly-applied methods of measuring laser evolution based on fast photodetectors and wavelength discriminators.
Lesion profiling in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Lesion profiling is a powerful tool that has been used extensively to identify and characterize strains of prion diseases associated with animals. To determine the usefulness of this technique in human prion diseases, 22 cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) brains and 4 cases of variant CJD (vCJD) brains were studied. Fourteen regions, representing all significant areas were selected. Immunodeposition of the prion protein (PrP), presence of glial cells and vacuolation were quantified. Five to twenty fields were analyzed in each region. We found that no correlation exists between PrP accumulation and either vacuolation or gliosis. A grouping of the sCJD cases according to genotype or molecular phenotype did not result in distinctive profile patterns. However, consistent and reproducible profiles did develop in vCJD cases, indicating that they are representative of a true strain. This study concludes that lesion profiling is a valid indicator for the determination of vCJD cases.
For whose kingdom?, Canadian Baptists and the evangelization of immigrants and refugees, 1880 to 1945

This study of Canadian Baptists focuses on their attitudes and actions to matters of immigration and refugee policy during the formative years of nationhood in Canada from 1880 to 1945. This thesis seeks to round out the portrait of Baptists in Canada already begun by J. Brian Scott, Brent Reilly, Walter Ellis, John Grant, Philip Griffin-Alwood and Stuart Ivison, the pioneer among Baptist historians. At the same time the work seeks to fill in some of the historiographical gaps in terms of "denominational approaches" to immigration issues by augmenting the studies of Cumbo/Semple/Airhart (Methodists), Eraser (Presbyterians), Perin (French-speaking Catholics), and McGowan (English speaking Catholics). Baptist history and theology played a significant role in shaping the denominational attitudes and actions towards immigrants during these years. Inspired by a sense of religious duty, millennialism, fear of Roman Catholicism and a growing sense of national and civic duty, Baptists met the challenge of immigration with a range of attitudes and programmes that sought to assimilate the "foreign element" in Canada or prevent their admission into the country altogether. Baptists were as much drawn into schemes of Christianization and Canadianization as their Protestant counterparts, seeking to mould the nation into "His Dominion." This vision of Canada was shared by both liberal and fundamentalist Baptists and was only seriously questioned in the 1930s, when a Baptist intellectual, Watson Kirkconnell, began to question the moral fortitude of assimilationist and protectionist policies and in their stead bestowed the virtues of ethnic pluralism as the father of multiculturalism in Canada.
Effect of moisture and other volatiles on the cellular structure of plastic/wood-fiber composite foams

When wood-fibers are used in plastic composites; the inherent moisture present in the wood-fibers prevents the formation of a fine-celled structure in plastic/wood-fiber composite foams. The moisture present in wood-fibers is released during the heating and plasticating stage of extrusion, and it remains in the melt in a gaseous state until the extrudate comes out of the die. The moisture, if not removed, leads to the deterioration of cell structure, which in turn leads to poor mechanical properties of the foamed composites, so that moisture removal becomes critical. However, not all emissions on heating from wood-fibers are moisture, but some gaseous substances are also produced from the extractives and the degradation of biological building blocks of woods. Therefore, a careful control of extractive content in wood-fibers by controlling the drying temperature is essential in the production of fine-celled composite foams. Fine-celled HDPE/wood-fiber composite foams were successfully produced with wood-fibers oven-dried at 105°C.
World hypotheses as epistemologies of perception: metaphysical problems of abstract art in the public eye

This study is set in the context of art education and emerges from public controversy about the place and merit of abstract art. The broad context of the study concerns the perceived lack of public understanding concerning abstract art. The research context of the study, and the central problem the study addresses, concerns the lack of systematic, philosophically grounded frameworks for examining and addressing the relationship of the public to abstract art. A foundational argument of the study is that art educators' ability to educate will be enhanced by having comprehensive, philosophically rigorous frameworks for exploring the phenomenon. The study argues that one of the reasons the educational task is so complex is that understanding the phenomenon of the general public's response to abstract art depends on insights at the fundamental level of peoples' perceptions of the nature of reality and their experience of the world, their world views. Accordingly, this study develops and applies a framework for the understanding of epistemological orientations operating in viewer responses to works of art based on Stephen Pepper's systematic and comprehensive analysis of world views in ‘World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence’ (1942) and his subsequent ‘Basis of Criticism in the Arts’ (1945). The precision and scope of the framework developed in this study is examined in a demonstrative analysis of Francis Bacon's ‘Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X’ (1953). The analysis presented in this study is used to: demonstrate how different world views generate particular sets of responses, illustrated in the analysis of a work of art; expose the nature of the phenomenon of the public's problematic relationship with abstract art; and indicate how the framework is suggestive of educational strategies in viewing art.