VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
"Can't you be a man?": rebuilding wayward masculinities and regulating juvenile deviance in Ontario 1860-1930

During a period of tremendous change in the regulation and understanding of juvenile deviance (1860-1930) a working class "boy problem" plagued the streets of Toronto. This dissertation is about the construction of bad boys and the practices employed by various groups to control their wayward conduct. I trace the programmes, actors, legislation, and institutions of social governance that formed around, and latched on to, the problem of bad boys. Feminist historians have documented how wayward girls were arrested for violations of sexual mores. Far less attention has been given to the reasons why boys were institutionalized. As we will see, parents and juvenile justice officials dragged boys before the courts for other non-gender specific reasons (such as, crime, truancy, lack of self control, and unwillingness to fulfil breadwinner obligations). I argue that the delinquent conduct of bad boys outside of institutions invoked calls for rebuilding their masculinity. This dissertation highlights two institutional responses intended to curb the delinquent conduct of bad boys and turn them into men. First, the Victoria Industrial School (VIS) emerged in 1887 in response to a city wide crisis with truant boys. It boasted an education, religious, recreation, industrial training and drill agenda set in a carceral environment that promised to make men out of bad boys. Second, and by contrast, Toronto's Juvenile Court moved surveillance and governance of the boy problem from the confines of a carceral institution to the community through the programme of probation. Probation officers assembled knowledge about their charges that they used to create gendered reform strategies. I reveal the process through which three major programmes developed strategies for governing the boy problem between 1860 and 1930. Moral entrepreneurs, the Eugenics strategy, and the Environmental approach were not mutually exclusive or rigidly sequential. I argue that these distinct representations overlapped and never completely dominated the juvenile justice field. Each institution and each programme that converged on bad boys presented itself as the solution to the boy problem.

Keywords: Male juvenile delinquents, Ontario
Male juvenile delinquents, Rehabilitation
Male juvenile delinquents, Ontario
Juvenile delinquency, History
Juvenile delinquency, Ontario
Juvenile delinquency, History
Juvenile delinquency, Ontario
Juvenile delinquency, Prevention
Juvenile delinquency, Ontario
Higher-order types for grammar engineering

Linguistically precise general-purpose grammars of natural language enable a detailed semantic analysis that is currently unavailable to corpus-based approaches. Unfortunately, the engineering of such grammars is often tedious, time-consuming, error-prone, and inaccessible to new developers. This work seeks to alleviate the engineering problem by discovering, documenting, and exploiting structural patterns of current grammar signatures. More specifically, it mines the English Resource Grammar (ERG) for evidence of intended patterns of type usage and documents those patterns within the framework of Alexandrian design patterns. The structural patterns are then exploited by way of parametric types, special higher-order type constructors, and methods for automatic type selection. The applicability of the patterns is illustrated by ICEBERG, a higher-order refactoring of the ERG.
Sounding Salvadorean: phonological variables in the Spanish of Salvadorean youth in Toronto

This dissertation offers an investigation of linguistic and social constraints on three variables (syllable- and word-final (s), syllable-initial (s) and word-final (n) in the Spanish of Salvadorean youth living in Toronto, Canada. Both final (s) and final (n) have been investigated extensively in many varieties of Spanish. However, most of these analyses have focused on Caribbean varieties such as Cuban Spanish or Puerto Rican Spanish. This study presents a variable rule analysis of (s) and (n) in Salvadorean Spanish, a lesser-studied variety. Social factors play a role in the variant realizations of both (s) and (n). An analysis of social factors reveals clear social stratification for (s): /s/ retention, the variant with the most overt prestige, is favoured by women and speakers from the highest socio-economic class. The overtly positive evaluation for [s] is confirmed in an analysis of speech styles where rates of /s/ retention rise to almost 100% in the more careful styles (reading passage and word list).A variable rule analysis of linguistic factors constraining final (s) reveals that both phonological and grammatical constraints govern variation. [s] is more likely to be retained before voiceless alveolar /t/, and before coronals generally. /s/ deletion is favoured by following continuants, a constraint also found for /n/ deletion. An analysis of /s/ deletion offers little evidence supporting functionalist hypotheses governing variation. Findings for position in noun phrase are similar to those found in previous studies (Poplack 1980, Alba 1990). The variant realization of final (n) is also governed by phonological constraints. As in previous studies (e.g. Cedergren 1972, Lipski 1984) following vowels and following pause favour velar [ill, as do following velars. Following continuants favour /n/ deletion. Functional motivations do not appear to constrain /n/ deletion. Social factors also govern (n). While overtly prestigious retained [n] remains the most frequent variant overall, velar [y], a traditionally stigmatized variant is favoured by speakers from the highest socio-economic class. Furthermore, rates of velarization and deletion remain consistent across speech styles. These patterns point to differences in the social salience and meaning of (s) and (n) for these Salvadorean youth in Toronto.
Molecular basis of altered resistance artery function in a mouse model of congestive heart failure

Background. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome of decreased cardiac output, which is both compensated for and exacerbated by increased total peripheral resistance (TPR). While increased TPR is believed to have a negative impact on the disease's outcome, we have little understanding of its basis. A mechanistic understanding of the vasomotor abnormalities that accompany CHF is a prerequisite for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Conclusion. These data suggest that a Ca2+ sensitization underlies the gradual development of abnormal vasomotor responses in resistance arteries from CHF mice. Results. CHF did neither alter vasoconstrictor responses to PE nor vasodilatory responses to ACh/SNP, in contrast, mesenteric arteries from CHF animals exhibited increased MR. MR to the RhoA/Rho kinase-activating ligand S1P and ET-1 were increased in CHF. The S1P2 receptor antagonist JTE-013 reversed both the increased vasoconstriction and MR. Methods. Male C57B16 mice underwent LAD ligation-induced myocardial infarction or SHAM surgery. We isolated mesenteric arteries and performed perfusion myography for myogenic responses (MR) and vasomotor responses (VR) to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), phenylephrine (PE), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), both in the presence and absence of the S1P2 receptor antagonist JTE-013.
The evolution of morph ratios in the tristylous plant Narcissus triandrus (Amaryllidaceae)

In species with sexual polymorphisms, mating patterns among sexual morphs determine the character of negative frequency-dependent selection. The wild daffodil Narcissus triandrus is a tristylous species (three style morphs---L-, M- and S-morphs) with imperfect sex-organ reciprocity and a self-incompatibility system that permits intra-morph mating. The species displays striking geographic patterns of morph-frequency variation, including predominantly L-morph biased populations and populations which lack the M-morph. These features, which are atypical for tristylous species, afford an unusual opportunity to study the effects of floral design on morph-frequency evolution in a heterostylous species. Here, I employ diverse approaches including geographical surveys, phylogeography, field experiments, theoretical modelling and paternity analysis to investigate variation in population structure, floral morphology, fertility and mating patterns to identify the evolutionary processes responsible for morph-frequency variation in N. triandrus. Variation in neutral markers suggests that historical contingencies are not an important factor underling the geographic distribution of sexual morphs in N. triandrus. Associations among climatic variables, morphology, and morph frequencies combined with pollinator observations indicate that morph-frequency variation is likely driven by local biotic and abiotic factors that impact mating and fertility of morphs. Pollen transfer models for tristylous populations reveal that variation in female fertility can play a significant role in morph-frequency evolution and L-biased populations, particularly when the strength of frequency-dependent selection varies among the morphs due to asymmetrical mating patterns. Parentage analysis using variation at microsatellite loci demonstrated the predicted patterns of asymmetrical mating including significant assortative mating in the L-morph. In addition, I found a significant correlation between M-morph frequency and seed set. Together these data imply that female fertility and patterns of pollen transfer are important factors governing morph-ratio evolution and sexual-system transitions. Evidence for stabilizing selection on floral traits through male function suggests that floral design is probably of greater significance for fitness through male than female function because of its effects on pollen transfer. This study demonstrates that small but functionally significant variation in floral design governs mating patterns among morphs resulting in the evolution of biased morph ratios in a heterostylous species.
Soon come: spirituality in Jamaican poetry

Soon Come examines the relationship between Afro-Christian spirituality and Caribbean literature, focusing particularly on Jamaican poetry. Beginning with the conviction that literary theory should be as culturally specific as the literature it serves, Soon Come develops a theory of Jamaican poetry that is informed by both Rastafarianism and the ethnographic research of West Indian scholars. Taking its cue from Wilson Harris's use of South American mythology to discuss Guyanese literature, the first part of Soon Come uses the history of Jamaican religion to build a series of metaphors—possession and baptism, street preaching and prophecy, miracle and revelation—which become a framework for the discussion of a variety of texts, including Bob Marley's songs, Louise Bennett's dialect verse, Rastafarian elder Mortimo Planno's unpublished The World's Most Strangest Man the Rastafarian, folk stories and proverbs, Revivalist and Rastafarian hymns, and poetry by Lorna Goodison, Kamau Brathwaite, Una Marson and Dennis Scott. Chapter One outlines the development of Afro-Christian religion in Jamaica up to the Great Revival of the 1860s, and explores the complex relationship between hybridity and cultural resistance: the latter, it suggests, is what makes the former possible. Chapter Two discusses Jamaican folk literature and its relationship to Afro-Christian eschatology as an example of hybrid resistance; the discussion expands to include the literature of Revivalism and Garveyism in Chapter Three. Shifting focus from “folk literature” to the “middle-class literature” of pre-independence Jamaican poets, Chapter Four examines that literature's ambivalent attempts to engage with folk culture. Chapter Five examines post-independence literary responses to Rastafarianism's revolutionary assertion that biblical history and current events are contemporaneous. The final two chapters use the vocabulary that the discussions of Myalism, Baptism, Revivalism and Rastafarianism have developed to talk about contemporary Jamaican poetry. Chapter Six reads Bob Marley's Uprising as highly accomplished street preaching that draws on the oratorical traditions of Revival and Rasta to fashion a redemptive ceremony. The concluding chapter reads Lorna Goodison's poetry as a search for possession rites and healing rituals. An image of what Wilson Harris would call a “limbo” literature emerges: a literature which, in the process of imaginatively reclaiming the past, engenders the future.
La resistance tranquille: decolonisation et postcolonialisme chez Hubert Aquin et Jacques Ferron

This study will examine how the concept of resistance manifests itself in the Qub̌čois novel of the Quiet Revolution (1960-1975) by analyzing two important novels of the period, Prochain p̌isode by Hubert Aquin (1965) and Les confitures de coings by Jacques Ferron (1972). The analysis alternates between the theoretical approaches to resistance provided by decolonization theory, which informed the initial reception of these novels, and by contemporary postcolonial theory, which offers important differences in the identification of sites and means of resistance. In reading the two novels within this dual theoretical framework, it is hoped that new perspectives can be gained on how resistance is inscribed in the literary text, as well as on how postcolonial theory can be used to provide new understanding of the Qub̌čois novel of this period. The objectives of this study are thus twofold: in the first instance, the ways in which two theorists, Albert Memmi representing decolonization theory and Homi Bhabha representing postcolonial theory, conceptualize resistance are compared in order to underline the fundamental differences between them. Secondly, Aquin's and Ferron's novels are read from both theoretical perspectives on resistance. The interpretations suggested by decolonization theory are supported by the existing criticism of the novel, as well as the authors' own stances in relation to decolonization theory. The novels are subsequently re-read in light of Bhabha's views of resistance. This comparative reading both illustrates the differences in conceptualizing resistance provided by the two theoretical approaches and offers new interpretations of how resistance is inscribed in the literary text. Some of the issues studied by the double theoretical readings are the role of cultural activities in resistance, the signification given to imitation of the colonizer by the colonized and the function of the stereotype in both colonial domination and anti-colonial resistance. By using the concepts provided by postcolonial theory, such as ambivalence, mimicry and hybridity, and by taking into account the insights afforded by decolonization theory, the richness and varietly of resistance strategies employed by writers of the Quiet Revolution will be brought to light.

Keywords: French-Canadian literature, History and criticism
On inductive limits of homogeneous C*-algebras with diagonal morphisms between the building blocks

A class of C*-algebras which can be written as inductive limits of homogeneous C*-algebras with diagonal morphisms between their building blocks is studied. A generalization of Urysohn's Lemma is established and used to show such an algebra has the approximately constant eigenvalue map property if, and only if, it is simple. Some applications of this equivalence, namely, every simple algebra in this class has stable rank one and the property SP, are presented. Any simple AH algebra with slow dimension growth also has the property SP. Chapter 4 discusses a form of uniqueness theorem: an inductive limit of homogeneous C*-algebras whose spectra are compact subsets of R is unchanged when we relabel (by means of continuously varying permutations) the eigenvalue patterns of the morphisms between the building blocks. This statement still holds when the spectra of the building blocks are more general compact metric spaces, provided certain conditions hold. A necessary and sufficient condition for a simple algebra in the class under consideration to have real rank zero provided certain conditions hold is also given. (This condition is known in the special case of Goodearl algebras.).
Effect of bioimplants versus autogenous bone graft for sinus augmentation in a rabbit model

Conclusions. There exists the potential to develop a bioimplant which functions at least as well as autogenous bone in sinus augmentation. Results. At 2 weeks, BMP-containing bioimplants produce fine trabecular bone with highly vascular stroma. Histomorphometric analysis of the samples at 2 weeks demonstrated that BMP-containing bioimplants produced the most new bone (p
F2-laser microfabrication of lab-on-a-chip structures

For cellular biology, the idea of incorporating the capabilities of sample preparation, transport, reaction and analysis on a single chip has recently been revisited due to the development of a new generation of microfabrication tools. The rapid growth of interest in the microfabrication of lab-on-a-chip devices is fueled both by academia and industry because of the potential impact in fields such as biomedical, chemistry and biophysics. Direct photoablation with lasers has advantages of rapid prototyping, custom production and design flexibility. In this thesis, the microfabrication of lab-on-a-chip structures for biophotonics application using F2 laser are presented. Fabrication of buried and surface waveguides provides a means of probing bio-materials. Investigation of F2-laser welding allows potential fusing for enclosure glass biochips. A combination of laser micromachining and refractive index profiling enable single-step integration of optical waveguides with microfluidic functions for optical sensing of microspheres which lays the groundwork for microfabrication of biochips.
Engineering an immunotargeting vaccine for type 1 human immunodeficiency virus

The antibody 2F5 is one of the few broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against type 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1). It recognizes a seven amino acid sequence, ELDKWAS, in gp41 of HIV-1. Previous studies have shown that immunogen-specific antibodies can be induced in an adjuvant-independent manner by directing protein immunogens to class II MHC expressing cells. Thus, in order to create an immunogen that recapitulates the native epitope of 2F5, a series of recombinant immunotargeting constructs were engineered, each incorporating the ELDKWAS sequence within the framework of an anti-class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antibody. Three sets of immunogens were constructed, with the ELDKWAS sequence incorporated at sites with different secondary structures. In the first set, designated H-HR1 to 5, the sequence was incorporated at helical sites. In the second, designated H-BT1 to 4, it was incorporated at beta-turn sites. In the third, designated L-CT and L-CT x 3, it was incorporated as minimally constrained C-terminal attachments. All constructs were found to retain class II MHC specificity. However, only three of the four H-BT's (H-BT1 to 3) and the two L-CT's were 2F5 reactive. None of the H-HR's showed any detectable 2F5 reactivity. This suggests that the native 2F5 epitope may be more beta-turn like than helical in conformation. Furthermore, the reactive H-BT's were found to bind 2F5 with 5- to 10-fold higher affinities than their unconstrained counterpart L-CT. When the H-BT's and L-CT's were used to immunize rabbits, immunogen-specific antibodies were induced with or without adjuvant. gp160 cross-reactive antibodies were also induced, with H-BT1 giving the highest gp160 titres among the H-BT's. The antibodies induced by H-BT1 were found to recognize the ELDKWAS sequence in a conformation that was not well mimicked by free ELDKWAS peptide in solution. Unfortunately, using in vitro pseudotyped HIV neutralization assays, virus neutralization by the antisera or the purified IgG samples was not detected. Further studies aimed at increasing the immunogenicity of the ELDKWAS sequence in the H-BT constructs or the engineering of alternative 2F5-reactive antigenic structures may lead to better understanding of the requirements of a vaccine capable of inducing 2F5-like neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1.
Sequence analysis of Ustilago maydis cDNA libraries: genome annotation and nutrient stress response

Ustilago maydis is a model pathogenic basidiomycete fungus that causes common smut of corn. Its genome has been sequenced but its full utility will only be realized after thorough annotation. To facilitate annotation, I created and sequenced three cDNA libraries from U. maydis strain 521 haploid cells grown in complete, nitrogen starved and carbon starved media. My analysis included a dormant teliospore library to improve gene coverage and accuracy of contig assembly. Using the genome as a backbone, 4157 contigs were assembled from 15,901 ESTs. Comparison of EST and genomic sequences uncovered the presence of antisense transcripts. The functional categorization of ESTs provides insight into the response of U. maydis to nutritional stress. RT-qPCR confirmed differential gene expression and revealed a previously undescribed regulation of gene expression. Together these analyses provide a wealth of new information on genes expressed and the control of gene expression this model plant pathogen.
Relationship between coating structure and print quality for spray and MSP coated papers

Effects of surface and bulk coating structure characteristics (i.e. surface roughness and distributions of the binder, pigments and coating layer) on print quality (i.e. print density, print mottle, print microgloss and microgloss non-uniformity) of spray and MSP coated papers were investigated. Three coating formulations applied using commercial spray and MSP coaters on the same basesheet were studied. Commercial four-colour heatset offset prints were analysed for print quality. Multilinear regression showed that surface coating properties correlated most with print quality for all samples. Print mottle increased with decreasing surface binder coverage. However, print mottle in the 1-2 mm size scales positively correlated with surface coating porosity. Samples with lower print density had smaller surface pore diameters. Print microgloss was negatively correlated with surface coating coverage. Furthermore, print quality of spray coated papers correlated predominantly with surface coating properties, whereas MSP coating print quality correlated with both surface and bulk coating characteristics.
Bank branch profitability and productivity: a domestic and international study using DEA

This research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate bank branch performance in seven national branch networks within one geographic region operated by a multi-national financial services corporation ("The Bank"). In agreement with the focus of other measurement techniques at The Bank, the analysis was conducted in two dimensions: profitability and productivity. Domestic models evaluate branches within their own country; only efficient branches are included in a regional model that identifies the efficient branches and countries within the region as a whole. This was a unique opportunity because all the branches are owned by The Bank, which imposes its management philosophy equally on all of its subsidiaries. Examining branches providing standardized products and services, operating under shared corporate values and goals, and using identical information systems, removes managerial and corporate disparity. The differences in results can then be attributed to a combination of branch management and country-related effects.