VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
When music gets old : revivals and revisions of eighteenth-century opéra comique in nineteenth-century France

Re-orchestrating, reprinting, rebuilding, and rewriting artifacts of eighteenth-century opéra comique in the nineteenth century drew attention to time's passage. This dissertation investigates nineteenth-century cases of re-hearing, reevaluating, and revising the music and history of pre-revolution opéra comique, widely considered during the nineteenth century to be France's national genre. The phenomenon of revision offers insights into how people perceive the temporality of certain timbres, works, and entire genres. Inside an arranger's or re-orchestrator's decision to rewrite a sound lies a judgment that the sound had, over time, become undesirable. The music "had become old, " as many French artists and listeners said of eighteenth-century opera during the nineteenth century. Artists' revisions of eighteenth-century opéras comiques, both the scores themselves and their contexts, asserted new narratives of France's national music history. My archival research sheds light on the 1840 reconstruction of the Opéra-Comique's eighteenth-century theater as well as re-orchestrations of eighteenth-century opéras comiques whose extant manuscripts are analyzed for the first time

Keywords: Music.
Advisor: Hadlock Heather
Grey Thomas S.
Kronengold Charles (Charles Stewart)
Who cares? : constructing the child care workforce, 1970-2000

This dissertation examines how Americans constructed a waged child care workforce to replace the traditionally unwaged labor of maternal care. Covering the years between 1970 and 2000, as maternal labor force participation grew dramatically across race and class, the dissertation explores both grassroots action and governmental policy to expand the child care workforce and assign value to the labor of child care. Focusing geographically on metropolitan centers on both coasts, this study relies on government documents, the press, oral histories, and the institutional records of various labor unions and advocacy groups. Part One focuses on workers in group child care (day care centers and family child care homes), who began mobilizing to address child care labor issues in the 1970s and early 1980s. This section explores how both grassroots collectives and national unions fought for better wages and increased worker power in the child care industry's nascency. Part Two shifts toward child care in private households to examine how immigration reform and neoliberalization in the 1980s and early 1990s ushered in two efforts to expand the availability of in-home providers: the establishment of the U.S. Au Pair Program and a profusion of nanny training academies. Both of these approaches represented racialized and class-inflected efforts to shape the child care workforce in an image that many white, middle-class American families desired. Part Three returns to group-based child care to show how, by the 1990s, day care workers and family care providers expanded child care labor activism into a national movement that struggled for traction in a decentralized industry and in the context of state retrenchment from social welfare. Considering these case studies in tandem, several findings emerge about the labor history of child care. First, the close association of waged child care with the unwaged labor of mothering, combined with the perception of motherhood as oppositional to exchange, resulted in an uneven incorporation of child care into the market. Second, debates over skill -- whether child care was best taught through certification and training or intergenerational transfers of caring knowledge -- divided generations of child care labor activists who sought better wages and working conditions. Third, the deep personal relationships between child care workers and those they cared for both strengthened and hampered efforts to improve the wages and status of the labor. Finally, child care labor activists never accepted the unresponsiveness of government actors to growing child care demand. Working with parents, they contested retrenchment at every turn. Policymakers' neglect of child care, however, is also somewhat mythic. Rather than abstaining from involvement in child care, federal actors intervened in support of solutions that drew new workers into the American labor force as marginal, quasi-market laborers

Keywords: History.
Advisor: Campbell James T.
Freedman Estelle B.
Orleck Annelise
Widespread epistasis among beneficial genetic variants revealed by high-throughput genome editing

Epistasis represents the deviation from the expected outcome of mutations due to genetic interactions between two or more loci. Decades of research have reported on its effects in molecular biology across the tree of life, and its pervasiveness in the genetic architecture of complex traits. However, knowledge of how molecular epistasis shapes natural populations and the evolution of species is limited, and the factors associated with the incidence of genetic interactions remain poorly understood. In this dissertation, I present results from a high-throughput screen of natural variants conducted in four genetically diverse yeast strains that systematically quantifies epistasis caused by genetic background effects at single nucleotide resolution. Almost a quarter of natural variants affecting fitness in a common laboratory environment show a dependence on strain background, where advantageous effects in one strain are instead neutral or deleterious in another. In addition, we uncover a striking enrichment for epistasis among beneficial variants — a pattern of fundamental importance that has not been previously observed. The identified epistatic variants reflect physiological differences between the strains, yielding novel insight into the mechanisms underlying complex traits. In summary, this work lays the foundation for building a framework to understand molecular epistasis genome-wide, advancing our knowledge towards a complete genotype-phenotype map

Keywords: Genetics.
Advisor: Fraser Hunter B.
Bassik Michael
Petrov Dmitri Alex
Sherlock Gavin
Wildfire Smoke Clean Air Centers: Identifying Barriers and Opportunities for Improvement from California Practitioner and Community Perspectives

As wildfire risk is projected to increase across most of the world, exposure to wildfire smoke is a growing global health issue. Clean air centers (CACs), public buildings designated to provide improved air quality to the public during a wildfire smoke event, have emerged as a community-oriented public health response to smoke. Some experts see CACs as the most effective way to reduce population exposure to wildfire smoke. Yet how and why smoke-vulnerable groups utilize CACs, as well as how CACs may be improved to meet their needs, is not well understood. Here, I explore these questions through exploratory interviews with two groups of stakeholders in California CAC development: practitioners and members of a community vulnerable to wildfire smoke. My findings suggest that a gap remains between California’s CACs and the needs of vulnerable groups. By comparing community and practitioner perspectives, I identify opportunities to close this gap.

Keywords: Air quality, community-based research, cleaner air space, clean air center, community resilience, clean air shelter, wildfire smoke
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Thesis
Advisor: Wong-Parodi Gabrielle
Wir sind gekommen, doch wir sind gar nicht da : authenticity and identity on contemporary German stages

What does it mean to be authentic, and how might the concept of authenticity become politically and artistically solvent in the theater? My dissertation, entitled 'Wir sind gekommen, doch wir sind gar nicht da: Authenticity and Identity on the Contemporary German Stage, ' examines potential answers to these questions, particularly as posed by theaters that have responded to the demands and modes of US- style identity politics. It explores ways in which a particular understanding of authenticity has been held up as a "solution" to certain perceived shortcomings (particularly as related to issues of race and representation) in mainstage theaters across the country; how authenticity has been positioned as being politically, aesthetically, institutionally, and/or formally innovative; how a pragmatic authentic praxis in performance interacts with its theoretical problematization in German academia; and what potentially ambiguous implications authenticity may have for the work of the actor. My dissertation highlights both the potentialities and ambiguities of productions that have defined themselves as authentic, examining their ability to provide a platform for underrepresented voices while, perhaps, reproducing the very structures and dynamics they seek to counteract. At the same time, it fills a gap in scholarly literature lacking in historical studies of the past decade in German theater: it spans discussions on representation and voice in the early Beyond Belonging festivals in Berlin (2007-8); the heated debates on blackface during the 2012-13 season; the rise of so-called "postmigrant theater" at the Ballhaus Naunynstraße and Maxim Gorki theaters; and recent meta-theatrical works at the Maxim Gorki (2017) and Deutsches Theater (2020) that have cast authenticity on stage into an ethically ambiguous light. My work is both descriptive and analytical, centering as much on the analysis of theatrical performance and texts as on the politico-cultural discourse that surrounds them, in the dialogues and communicative slippages between critics, activists, academics, and theatermakers

Keywords: German Studies.
Advisor: Eshel Amir
Smith Matthew Wilson
Daub Adrian
Womanist Worldmaking: Black Women’s Pleasure as a Framework for Expansive Cinematic Gazes

The messaging within cinema holds immense social power. The ability to immerse oneself within a world created by a director’s gaze provides opportunities for connection and understanding internally and externally. Historically, these gazes have instilled imagery based in notions of racism and sexism that have positioned Black women outside of pleasurable experiences across the realms of audiences, performers, and creators themselves. The intersectional experiences of multiple identities are rarely depicted in mainstream media, and for that reason Black women’s interactions with cinema are often limited and laborious. Working to subvert these oppressive gazes, activists and creatives orient around pleasure- based frameworks of personal and creative liberation. In this thesis, we work to connect these frameworks and their extensions to Womanist praxis to that of cinematic gaze development, in order to further develop modes of looking that center authentic experiences for Black women.

Keywords: Womansim
African American women
Motion pictures
Feature films
Queer theory
Pleasure in art
Families, Black > History
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Thesis
World Health Organization Alcohol Policy Prescriptions Under Scrutiny: Assessing Impact in Ukraine and Russia

Russia and Ukraine have both experienced large reductions in alcohol consumption since the turn of the century. Although both have enacted alcohol control policies since the late 1990s, there are striking differences between them. Russia, like most other former Soviet Union countries, has a written national plan and monitoring system, whereas Ukraine does not. This paper addresses the question of how to explain the similar decrease in total alcohol per capita consumption in Russia and Ukraine in the 21st century considering these differences. I argue the similar trends in APC reduction are not primarily explained by a similar adherence to World Health Organization alcohol policy prescriptions, specifically WHO 'best buys,' which are policies deemed to be the most cost effective. I find policy implementation in 'best buy' categories in both countries, but I argue that these are only complementary to the primary determinants of APC trends, which take the form of wider economic developments throughout the period.

Keywords: Drinking of alcoholic beverages > Government policy
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Ukraine
Russia
Soviet Union > Former Soviet republics
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Thesis
Writing and the origins of Greek intellectual influence

Why is ancient Greek civilization considered the cradle of Western thought and intellectual practice? Although it is undeniably the Greeks who have shaped European and Western practice in science, mathematics, philosophy, historiography, and many other disciplines, the ancient Greeks themselves might have been surprised to find themselves occupying the role of "founders of the Western tradition" in lieu of their Near Eastern neighbors, to whom they credited the invention of many practices they pursued themselves, and with whom they had much fruitful intellectual exchange. Whereas it has traditionally been assumed that Greek thought became canonical in the West because of its inherent rationality, my dissertation argues that the outsize "genetic success" enjoyed in the West by Greek intellectual culture was the result of the emergence in Greece of an unusual literary culture, whose textual products proved uniquely capable of transmitting knowledge and practices across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Far from happening inevitably as the result of (e.g.) an alphabetic culture enabling rising literacy, this dissertation argues that this event required a series of extraordinary accidents to come about: namely, the return of writing technology to Greece from abroad, as opposed to its re-invention within Greece, after a lengthy period of illiteracy and low state development; and the emergence in the fifth century BCE of a political landscape which transformed various forms of knowledge and expertise into marketable commodities

Keywords: Classics.
Advisor: Morris Ian
Netz Reviel
Martin Richard P.
Ober Josiah
Youthful Exuberance of FU Ori Accretion Disks

FU Ori objects are a class of young stellar object (YSO) currently seen in an outburst state. It is generally accepted that the outbursts are caused by the onset of rapid accretion at rates three to four orders of magnitude larger than those of quiescent-state young T Tauri stars. During the ensuing decades- to century-long outbursts, the accretion disks outshine their central stars by factors of 100-1000, leading to models of the outburst radiation as being purely due to a rotating disk. About half of the known FU Ori objects were detected during this sudden transition from quiescence to outburst via optical/infrared brightness increases on the order of four to five magnitudes. We present new optical and near-infrared observations of the newest confirmed FU Ori objects, HBC 722 and Gaia 17bpi, and discuss the successes and limitations of the conventional model. This model is a thin Keplerian disk featuring a modified Shakura-Sunyaev temperature profile, with each annulus radiating as an area-weighted spectrum given by a NextGen atmosphere at the appropriate temperature. We consider the overall spectral energy distribution (SED) as well as medium-resolution spectra in evaluating best-fit models to the data. Both sources have lower luminosity than previously studied FU Ori-type outbursts, and correspondingly are fit by lower accretion rate disks.

Keywords:  Department of Physics
Star Formation
Astrophysics
FU Ori
Accretion Disks
Young Stellar Objects
Observational Astronomy
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Thesis
Advisor: Hillenbrand Lynne A.
Romani Roger W.
Macintosh Bruce
2018: An Important Year for the Politics of Russian Rap

2018 was a pivotal year with regards to the politics of Russian rap. Late in the year, many artists, especially rappers, had their shows cancelled throughout Russia, receiving accusations from government officials ranging from spreading drug propaganda to using obscene language. This move by Russian authorities to repress the rap scene forced a confrontation with rappers that culminated in the arrest of rapper Husky in Krasnodar. His detention spurred many rappers into action against the Russian government, as they organized a benefit concert for him that Aleksei Navalny attended. This intense negative reaction caused the Russian government to change its strategy, as it tried to adjust Russian rap to fit its narratives about mainstream Russian culture and reject the subversive elements of the art form like drug-related and political language. This paper seeks to understand the political side of Russian rap from the perspective of both rappers and the government. To accomplish this, the paper contains two analytical sections. The first section analyzes the policies and motivations of the Russian government by using primary source material from different actors including Vladimir Putin and other officials. It argues that the concert cancellations were not a part of the Kremlin’s strategy and that Putin’s personal intervention signaled the extent to which the government was worried about distancing itself from the policy of cancellation. The second section will gauge the political trends in the Russian rap community of the time, using textual analysis of rap lyrics to paint a picture of the political messaging of influential pro- and anti-Kremlin rappers surrounding the crackdown on rap. This section will serve as a counterpart to the first, using the artistic expression of rappers to illustrate their political philosophies, including their views on the nature of the Russian state, their opinions of the behavior and polemics of powerful figures in Russian politics, and their takes on controversial social problems about which the Russian government is concerned. This second section argues that political rappers employ a rich fabric of references and allusions to powerful political actors in order to praise or criticize them and that Russian rappers often oppose the government, sometimes as a direct result of the 2018 crackdown.

Keywords: CREEES
Center for Russian East European and Eurasian Studies
Russia
rap
politics
Thesis
3D human liver tissue engineering for hepatic diseases study and cell replacement therapies

Engineering of 3D human liver tissue is important to model authentic human liver for drug testing, disease modeling, and transplantable construct development that can be an alternative solution for human liver transplantation which is the only reliable option for end-stage liver diseases but suffers from a human donor shortage. Recently, hydrogel inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) scaffold-based liver systems were introduced as mature functional liver constructs with human fetal liver cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)-derived hepatocytes. However, primary human adult hepatocytes (hHeps), the gold standard cell type for human liver tissue engineering, has not yet been introduced to the ICC system, thus limiting multiple applications requiring highly preserved liver-specific functions and highly authentic liver modeling such as phase II metabolism, hepatitis B and D infection, fatty liver modeling and IL-6 release modeling for finding new drug targets, novel candidate drug screening and novel strategies for transplanting engineered human liver tissues. In this thesis, I developed hHep-based authentic human liver systems using several types of advanced ICC scaffolds and characterized authentic human liver functions that were not explored in other ICC systems before. Using the developed systems, human liver diseases were modeled, and we explored a new drug target for combatting hepatitis B infection and screened novel drug candidates for fatty liver disease, hepatitis D infection, and cytokine storms, which can be promising future therapeutics. Also, the system was applied to transplantation studies, and it showed proof-of-concept potential to be a bridge or an alternative to current human liver transplantation

Keywords: Bioengineering.
Advisor: Glenn Jeffrey S.
Esquivel Carlos O. 
Frank C. W. 
Yang Fan (Bioengineering researcher and teacher)
A Global Analysis of Non-Trophic Impact of Herbivores on Seedling Models Under Contrasting Levels of Defaunation

Anthropogenic changes are altering large and medium sized mammal densities in forest ecosystems across the world, causing significant declines in their abundance and impacting their many contributions to the functioning of ecosystems and their services to humanity. Although animal-forest trophic interactions (i.e., when animals consume plants or plant parts, as in pollination or seed dispersal) are well understood within the scientific community, non- trophic animal impacts (e.g., trampling on the vegetation) are under-studied. Yet, the few studies available are beginning to show that non-trophic (not consumptive) interactions could significantly impact the current and future functional integrity of forest ecosystems.
In order to contribute to close that knowledge gap, I conducted a global analysis to determine the influence of non-trophic damage on forest ecosystems by collecting studies conducted at a global scale and investigating the extent of non-trophic damage under differing levels of mammalian defaunation. The hypothesis of this research was that, if non-trophic damage is an important and consistent occurrence in forest ecosystems, areas in which large and medium- sized animals are present should have higher non-trophic damage than areas that have been defaunated. To test the hypothesis, I compiled studies in which artificial seedlings were used to quantify animal non-trophic damage on plants of the understory. In my literature search, for each study I compared animal impact data (i.e., mortality of artificial seedlings) from two conditions (treatments): i) a defaunated treatment that represented areas that had an absence or low numbers of large and medium sized animals, and ii) a control group that represented areas with intact faunal communities. The difference in percentage damage to artificial seedlings per site was statistically evaluated using a linear mixed effects model. The results show that out of 16 sampled sites, 14 showed higher mortality of seedlings in control treatments which, overall, experienced a 7-times higher non-trophic damage compared to defaunated treatments. These results suggest that the structure of understory plant communities will be affected by the negative anthropogenic impact on animal populations. I posit that the functional integrity of forest ecosystems may be at risk if these animals are lost. Therefore, their protection is imperative.

Keywords:  Earth Systems
School of Earth Energy &amp; Environmental Sciences
Earth Systems
Thesis
Advisor: Dirzo Rodolfo
Lambin Eric