VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Much ado about religion : a critical edition and annotated translation of the Agamadambara, a satirical play by the ninthcentury Kashmirian philosopher Bhatta Jayanta

This thesis contains a critical edition and annotated translation of the Āgamaḍambara, a four act play by Bhaṭṭa Jayanta. The Āgamaḍambara is a unique college-drama written by an eminent ninth century Kashmirian naiyāyika philosopher, which gives a comprehensive picture of the contemporary religious debates as well as the 'Religionspolitik' of the royal court.
The introduction provides an account of Bhaṭṭa Jayanta's life and works, placed in the intellectual and historical context of his time. The question of conservative versus pragmatic attitude towards the heterodox religious schools is also dealt with.
The introduction next examines what makes Jayanta's play so unique and unorthodox. It also considers the phenomenon of 'philosophical plays' in the light of the discussions on the nature and relation of poetry and śāstra, doctrinal or scientific literature. An analysis of the dominant aesthetic mood (rasa) of the play closes this section.
There follows a description of the sources consulted for the text of the Āgamaḍambara. These comprise two manuscripts in Jaina Devanāgarī script, and the editio princeps. The methodology of the edition of the Prakrit passages in classical Indian dramas in general and in the Āgamaḍambara in particular is also discussed.
Three registers of apparatus contain variants to the accepted text of the play, a Sanskrit translation (chāyā) of the Prakrit sentences, and testimonia from Jayanta's magnum opus, the Nyāyamanjarī. In the notes to the translation the reader will find long quotations from various Sanskrit works. The aim of these quotations is to place Jayanta's ideas in the intellectual context of his age and thereby to make their interpretation more accurate.
Gene hunting in primary osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, disabling disease of the elderly. It is uncommon in individuals under 45 years of age, and prevalence is higher in females than males. OA is characterised by focal cartilage loss accompanied by osteophytes, sclerosis and often some inflammatory response.
A significant genetic component to OA has been demonstrated by twin-pair, sibling risk and segregation studies.
Our group previously carried out a two-stage genome-wide linkage scan and identified six chromosomal regions as potentially harbouring OA susceptibility genes.
The aim of this project was to examine three of these linkage regions, one on chromosome 4 and two on chromosome 16, in more detail in order to further localise and determine the identity of the OA susceptibility gene(s) within these regions.
Initially the three regions were linkage mapped using a staged approach. Linkage mapping of the region on chromosome 4q identified a region showing evidence of linkage to female hip OA with a multipoint LOD (MLS) score of 3.1. For chromosome 16 linkage mapping identified two regions with MLS of 1.7 and 1.9 respectively. The first region was restricted to families with female siblings concordant for hip OA while the second is accounted for by families with affected female siblings.
The ADAMTS3 gene was identified as a strong candidate gene within the linkage region on chromosome 4 as a result of its role in procollagen processing. SNPs within the gene were identified and typed in cohorts of cases and controls. There was no evidence for an association with any of these SNPs and OA disease.
Within the first linkage region on chromosome 16 the IL4R gene was identified as a strong candidate gene as a result of its proposed role in the normal response of chondrocytes to mechanotransduction. Again SNPs within the gene were identified and typed. Four SNPs show evidence of association with OA and for three of these there is evidence for a relationship between genetic variation and evidence for linkage. It appears that there is a dosage effect with at least two copies of different variant alleles being necessary to increase OA disease susceptibility.
Self-justification and its uses for Marcel Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu

This study investigates the different manifestations of self-justification in A la recherche du temps perdu. Proust's novel is, famously, at once fictional and autobiographical. Written in the first person, it proposes a retrospective and confessional narrative mode as its working medium, in the manner of Saint Augustine's or Rousseau's Confessions. It is a novel fascinated by how judgement takes place. Using the 1987-89 Pléiade edition of the text, Brunet's concordance, Le Vocabulaire de Proust, and the electronic concordancing capacities of FRANTEXT (both based on the previous 1954 Pléiade edition), this study is based on close textual reading, paying particular attention to under-examined sections of A la recherche. It discovers a phenomenology of Proustian self-justification. The thesis divides into three parts. Part One focuses on the narrator's relation to an external world perceived as hostile. Chapter I shows self-justification as assimilation: attempts by the narrator to fit into aristocratic Faubourg Saint-Germain society. Part Two concentrates on rhetoric, metaphor and characterization. Chapter II argues that the rhetorical trope of digression offers elastic possibilities for self-justificatory evasiveness, defeated by narrative progression. Chapter III argues that the figure of the cloison, or permeable partition, marks moments of self-justificatory dependence on dwindling protective props, used to fend off unwanted knowledge. Chapter IV shows that self-justification as discrimination informs Proustian characterization. Part Three (Chapter V) assesses the limits of self-justification. It reads the opening of Albertine disparue, and argues that mourning is a process justifying loss to the self. In conclusion, I argue that, while self-justification as a mode of interaction with the world produces finely-tuned responses, it may also produce untrustworthy moral choices. Moral and psychological experimentation in self-justification is a vital component of Proust's narrative engine.
A comparison of the 1S-2S and 2S-4P frequencies in atomic hydrogen

An experiment has been carried out to compare directly the frequencies of the 1S1/2-2S1/2 and 2S1/2-4P1/2 transitions in atomic hydrogen and hence obtain a value for the 1S1/2 Lamb shift. It is the first of a new generation of 1S1/2 Lamb shift experiments which are much less dependent on external frequency standards than earlier work [1,2] because no absolute measurement of the 1S1/2-2S1/2 frequency is required. This pilot experiment gave a result of 8167(10) MHz for the 1S1/2 Lamb shift.
The 1S1/2-2S1/2 transition was excited by two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy. The necessary radiation at 243 nm was generated by intra-cavity frequency doubling with a crystal of β-barium borate (BBO) placed inside a ring dye laser operating at 486 nm. For the first time, the 1S1/2-2S1/2 transition was excited in an atomic beam, thereby removing the uncertainties inherent in cell experiments and generating an optically-excited beam of metastable (2S1/2) hydrogen atoms.
The single-photon 2S1/2-4P1/2 transition was excited by radiation at 486 nm from a second ring dye laser, incident transversely on the optically excited metastable beam. The small frequency difference (~ 4.7 GHz) between the fundamental output of the doubled laser and that of the second laser when both were on resonance was directly measured using a stabilised optical cavity.
From this measured frequency interval, the value quoted above for the 1S1/2 Lamb shift was obtained. The result is in agreement with theory and is considerably more precise than that obtained from earlier direct comparisons of 1S1/2-2S1/2 and Balmer-β [3]. The error on the result was largely due to the limited amount of data available. However, the aim of the experiment was to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. This has been achieved and considerable improvements in precision should be possible in the future.
Addition reactions of unsaturated compounds with some heterocyclic systems, and further reactions of their products

The formulae described in this abstract are to be found on the fold-out flow sheets. Abbreviation E≡COOCH3.
The Introduction surveys the results obtained since a 1962 review from investigations of the reactions of heterocyclic compounds and acetylenic esters. The chemistry of the cycl[3,2,2] azine system [1] first described in 1958 is discussed and particular mention is made of the syntheses of derivatives of compound [1] from indolizine [2] and acetylenic esters.
Chapter One describes the investigation of the reactions of the potentially dienic systems [3]-[6] with tetracyanoethylene and hexachlorocyclopentadiene. The indolizine [3] did not react with either dienophile and this failure is attributed to the steric and electron-withdrawing effects of the 3-ester group. The 4H-quinolizine [4] gave complex mixtures of products with both dienophiles on the evidence of thin-layer chromatography. Parallel treatment of the reaction mixtures from the 9aH-quinolizine [5j and tetracyanoethylene, and from the dihydroindole [6] and hexachlorocyclopentadiene, suggested similar results, whilst compounds [5] and [6] were recovered when the corresponding dienophiles were interchanged.
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MRI investigation of a model of chronic inflammation in the CNS

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established clinical tool for diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the archetypal CNS neuroinflammatory disease. The aim of this work was to develop and characterise a chronic demyelinating inflammatory lesion, like those in MS, using MRI, histology and immunocytochemistry, to identify MR-markers of disease activity and to correlate these with developing histopathology. The second aim of this work was to investigate the effect of a peripheral infection on a quiescent CNS lesion, since infections have been hypothesised to be important in the exacerbation of MS.
Prior to MRI, the DTK lesion was charcaterised histologically. An increase in macrophage and astrocyte numbers was the earliest histological event. Conventional MRI techniques, such as T1- and T2-weighted imaging were then used to characterise the lesion. The lesion was hypointense on T1- and T2-weighted images, and later, a hyperintense region was found to surround the hypointense core.
Contrast enhancement, diffusion and magnetisation transfer characteristics of the lesion were then investigated. Contrast enhancement occurred at the same time as T2 hyperintensities. Increased ADC corresponded to areas of contrast enhancement and T2 hyperintensity. Reactive astrocytes spatially mapped to these regions. Decreased ADC regions corresponded to regions of T1 and T2 hypointensity. The hypercellular lesion core, composed of T cells, macrophages and MHC class II expressing cells spatially mapped to the hypointense core on T1- and T2-weighted images and ADC maps. The MTR was reduced in the absence of demyelination and significant oedema.
Blood volume changes were also investigated, and focal increases in rCBV were found, and were associated with dilation of blood vessels and Laminin upregulation.
The final objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of peripheral infection on the DTK lesion. The immune response was reactivated, and was observed by an increase in rCBV, T1 relaxation time, and re-opening of the BBB six hours post-infectious challenge.
This work has successfully demonstrated that pathophysiological changes can be followed non-invasively with MRI throughout the evolution of the untreated DTK lesion.
The Political Thought of Paul Claudel

Claudel's interest in political and social questions was reflected in almost every area of his writings, but it has not hitherto been the subject of a broad survey showing what his ideas were, how far they cohered together, how they evolved in response to changing circumstances,and how they reflected wider currents of opinion in France. This thesis is the first step towards a balanced overview. Since reliable contemporary evidence of; his ideas up to approximately 1905 is relatively scarce, the study concentrates primarily on his writings from 1905 to the time of his death in 1955, but takes account of earlier evidence where relevant. Reference is made not only to Claudel's published works but also to a large body of unpublished material, including correspondence with writers such as Frangois Mauriac and Georges Duhamel or with political figures, s such as Edouard Herriot and Charles de Gaulle.
The study is structured on the basis of broad chronological divisions. It gives parallel coverage of Claudel's views on French society and on international affairs during each of the major periods under discussion. In both of these areas his thinking is shown to have reflected a wealth of idiosyncratic contradictions. His political views manifested the complexity of a personality which could swing rapidly between savage intransigence and pragmatism, cynicism and near-utopian idealism. The labels often applied to Claudel during his lifetime - reactionary, traditionalist, conservative, authoritarian, jingoist - were all accurate. But there was also a side of Claudel which could accept the modern world, welcome change ,and be concerned by the need to find solutions to the social problems of his day. Equally ; his capacity for bellicism and patriotic bombast did not prevent him from developing increasingly fervent sympathy for the cause of European unity, international organisation in general,and a mystical ideal of the unification of mankind.
Ultrafast processes in high temperature superconductors

Using time-resolved photo-induced reflectivity, we reported for the first time a systematic work on the ultrafast response of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (BSCCO-2212) and Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ (TBCO-2201), measurements of detwinned YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO-123) single crystal with the electric field ̲E parallel to the a and b-axis and high-resolution measurements of the rising edge dynamics of YBCO-123 thin films.
We identified similar photo-induced responses for BSCCO, TBCO and for YBCO with ̲E ⊥ ̲b, which indicates that we observed a universal response of HTSC coming from the CuO2 superconducting planes. This latter dynamics is composed of three different components corresponding to the superconducting, pseudogap and normal state. A bi-molecular model has been put forward to explain the linear temperature dependence of the decay rate; the model implies that the re-formation of the condensate is limited by the rate at which quasiparticle interact. Moreover, we observed superconducting fluctuations up to 13K above Tc and a divergence of the long-lived component magnitude at very low temperature, which is explained by a cw heating model.
In the pseudogap state, we have several indications that the negative peak observed between Tc and T* has a different origin from that of the superconducting signal below Tc. We argued that the probe mechanism of the pseudogap signal is electronic excitations of the pseudogap correlations. In the normal state, the observed dynamics is similar to that of simple metals.
In the second part of this thesis, the rising edge dynamics of YBCO has been resolved in time. The model developed to interpret the results implies that the hot quasiparticles relaxation time down to the Fermi energy is 55fs. In this context, we proved that the Mazin model cannot explain both the oscillatory and the non-oscillatory part of the dynamics in YBCO.
Finally, in YBCO-123, a new response has been observed with ̲E ∥ ̲b. We argued that the origin of this component is intraband transitions. This dynamics is solely responsive to the pseudogap, coming from the difference in scattering rate between pre-formed pairs and quasiparticles in the Drude reflectivity. The response with ̲E ⊥ ̲b exhibits a strong a-b plane anisotropy in its long-lived component, which can be interpreted as a d-wave gap symmetry using the thermally-activated model.
Marcel Broodthaers: Strategy and Dialogue

This thesis examines the work of Marcel Broodthaers (1924-76). It analyses why and how he became an artist, and considers his witty and ironic strategy for success. It explores his relationship with his contemporaries and predecessors, in 19th century French poetry, Surrealism, Pop and Conceptual Art. By making a conscious decision to become an artist, Broodthaers responded to, and commented upon, dominant movements of the period. He constantly referred to other artists and poets, for example Mallarmé, Baudelaire and Magritte, thereby bringing 19th century themes into the 20th century. In drawing upon his own background as a poet, he developed word-image and word-object concepts initiated by Magritte. In turn, these related to a use of language in what later became known as Conceptual Art.
This thesis provides a broad analysis of Broodthaers' work as a whole. It examines his questioning approach, and his rejection of conventional definitions to demonstrate their instability. By discussing his poetry and early writings, his objects, museum, and later retrospective exhibitions or Décors, I have aimed to show how the different areas of his practice both interrelated and combined the material with the poetic. I have examined Broodthaers' focus upon the relationship between objects (also central to Structuralist theories) and the importance of the context in which objects exist, whereby he questioned Duchamp's assertion of the power of the artist or museum to define objects as art. A focus upon the relationship between things also informs the artistic context, or dialogue, into which Broodthaers entered, as well as the geographical context he explored via maps, notions of the voyage, and a sense of place. The artist's political position and moral responsibilities in society are discussed by analysing the responses of Broodthaers, Buren, Beuys and Haacke to a series of events in the early 1970s.
Marriage, perversion &amp; power : the construction of moral discourse in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), 1890-1930

The power of the rural patriarchs in the region which became known as Southern Rhodesia depended, in the 1890s, upon their control over marriage alliances. Meanwhile, in Europe, the power to control sexual behaviour was becoming linked to the distinction between 'moral' matters which were no concern of the State, and 'perverse' matters, subject to legislative control.
The occupying administration established in 1890, spurred by internal political disputes, deemed African male sexuality to be 'perverse', using this to justify its attempts to undermine rural patriarchs and proletarianise African women. Simultaneously, the whites introduced new social environments, where lineage links were not the primary determinant of people's interactions with one another, and encouraged large numbers of single men from across the sub-continent into Southern Rhodesia, to work there.
These changes inevitably affected the ways in which members of the African communities perceived themselves. Individualist notions of sexual choice were encouraged by BSACo legislation, while the spread of migrant labour created situations in which men and women could actually make such choices. Rural patriarchs lobbied for State support in their attempts to control women and their seducers.
This support came in 1916 with the Natives Adultery Punishment Ordinance, which, although ostensibly supporting 'traditional' patriarchal power, actually reinforced the notion that individuals, and women in particular, were alone answerable for their sexual choices. Meanwhile, fears about African male 'perversity' in the white communities combined with the appearance of African prostitution to challenge African ides about what was valuable in 'men' and 'women' and to suggest that sexuality was something that could be used and abused outside any wider implications regarding lineage obligation.
Africans began to accept the notion of 'immorality' as applied to independent women. By the 1930s, the internal politics of the white community saw this typification extended to all African women, alongside the fear of African men as 'perverse'.
On a classification of surjections and embeddings : surjective characterization of injective classes of compact spaces with applications to compact and locally compact groups

This work has largely grown out of the papers of R. Haydon (Studia Math. 52 (1974), 23-31) and E.V. Shchepin (Russian Math. Surveys 31 : 5 (197&), 155-191) Among other results affirmative answers to problems 3, 18, 20 and 21 posed by A. Pełczyński in his monograph (Diss. Math. 58, Warszawa 1968) are given.
For pairs (m,n) of extended integers (-1≤m≤n≤∞) the surjective and injective notions of (m,n) -soft and (m,n)-hard maps respectively are introduced and investigated. It is shown that for a map X → Y of compact spaces (-1,0)-softness (resp. (0,0)-hardness) entails the existence of a regular averaging (resp. extension) operator and that the converse holds, if X is metrizable (resp. Y is a Dugundji space). (0,0)-hardness, (-1,0)-softness and (0,0)-softness are shown to be local properties and it is deduced that each point of a Dugundji space and of a quotient space of a locally compact group has a neighbourhood base of Dugundji spaces. Moreover, we prove that a space and its cone are Dugundji spaces simultaneously. (∞,∞)-soft group homomorphisms are isomorphisms. This follows from the result that a compact contractible group is trivial.
A compact space is classified as an absolute extensor for m- to n-dimensional spaces or AE(m,n), if the constant map is (m,n)~soft.
Equivalently, a compact space is an AE(m,n) if and only if every embedding into a compact space is (m,n)-hard. Haydon's paper entails coincidence of the notions of AE(0,0) and Dugundji space. Here an AE(0,0) (resp. AE(0,∞)) is surjectively characterized as (-1,0)-soft image of a generalized Cantor set (resp. Tychonoff cube). An in- jective characterization of the class of Poano spaces is given as metrizable AE(0,n), n (1≤n≤∞) being arbitrary.
Using combinatorial techniques we obtain some results concerning the countable chain condition on spaces of probability measures and spaces of ⩽ n-element subsets.