VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Making ladies of girls : middle-class women and pleasure in urban India

Current debates in the anthropology of the Indian middle classes suggest a preponderant theme of balance – between 'Indian' and 'Western'; 'traditional’ and ‘modern'; 'global' and 'local'. Scholars like Säävälä (2010) Nisbett (2007, 2009), and Donner (2011) demonstrate a range of practices through which the ideal of middle class life is positioned in a precarious median between the imagined decadence of the upper classes and the perceived immorality and lack of responsibility of the working classes. Sexuality and intimacy, it has been observed, are important sites, where this balancing act is played out and risks to its stability are disciplined. Young women have particularly come under a great deal of pressure to position themselves dually as modern representatives of a global nation, who are, at the same time, epitomes of a nationalised narrative of tradition. In this thesis I examine, through an ethnographic study, the ways in which young women’s bodies are implicated in the normative reproduction of everyday middle class life, as well as unpacking the social meanings of youth and adulthood for women in this context. Further, locating my study in the context of women’s colleges in Chennai, this thesis comments on the significance of educational spaces as sites where normative ideals of middle class life and femininity are both produced and contested. The chief arguments in this thesis are organised into five chapters that draw primarily on ethnographic material to examine categories of risk, danger and pleasure as mutually constituted in young women’s lives through everyday practice, as well as the making of the everyday as a precarious and compositional event.

Keywords: young women
India
ethnographic study
femininity
tradition
globalisation
middle class
Advisor: Gooptu, N
Cicero, De Inuentione, Book 1: Introduction and commentary (1.19b-33; 1.97-109)

The main body of this thesis is a commentary on sections 1.19b-33 and 1.97-109 of Cicero's De Inuentione. These sections treat partes orationis in general (1.19b), then exordium (1.20-26), narratio (1.27-30), partitio (1.31-33), digressio (1.97), and conclusio (1.98-109). Due to the imposed word limit, the sections on confirmatio (1.34-77) and reprehensio (1.78-96) could not be included in the thesis.
The structure of the commentary on each of these sections will be: introduction to the section, references to parallel passages in other Latin and Greek rhetorical texts, the most important general literature on the subject of the section, comparison of the passage in Cic.Inu.1 with the corresponding one in Rhet.Her, individual lemmata. The lemmata will cover various kinds of information, such as textual, grammatical, and linguistic issues, background information on persons, objects etc. mentioned, the young Cicero's position within the rhetorical tradition for a particular point (i.e. influence on and by Cic.Inu.).
To the commentary proper, a number of introduction chapters have been added. Due to the word limit, only a selection of these can be included in the thesis: the title 'De Inuentione' and Cicero's intention to write on all five partes artis; the structure of Cic.Inu.; subdividing the art; rhythm and clausulae; the young Cicero’s knowledge of Aristotle’s works; the relationship between Cic.Inu. and Rhet.Her. (abbreviated version); the proems of Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version); preliminary comments on Narratio; the Orestes case in the rhetorical tradition; examples in Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version).
The structure of the commentary on each of these sections will be: introduction to the section, references to parallel passages in other Latin and Greek rhetorical texts, the most important general literature on the subject of the section, comparison of the passage in Cic.Inu.1 with the corresponding one in Rhet.Her, individual lemmata. The lemmata will cover various kinds of information, such as textual, grammatical, and linguistic issues, background information on persons, objects etc. mentioned, the young Cicero’s position within the rhetorical tradition for a particular point (i.e. influence on and by Cic.Inu.). To the commentary proper, a number of introduction chapters have been added. Due to the word limit, only a selection of these can be included in the thesis: the title ‘De Inuentione’ and Cicero’s intention to write on all five partes artis; the structure of Cic.Inu.; subdividing the art; rhythm and clausulae; the young Cicero’s knowledge of Aristotle’s works; the relationship between Cic.Inu. and Rhet.Her. (abbreviated version); the proems of Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version); preliminary comments on Narratio; the Orestes case in the rhetorical tradition; examples in Cic.Inu. (abbreviated version).

Advisor: Reinhardt, T
Imperial infrastructure and spatial resistance in colonial literature (1880-1930)

Between 1880 and 1930, the British Empire’s vast infrastructural developments facilitated the incorporation of large parts of the globe into what Immanuel Wallerstein and others have called the capitalist 'world-system'. Colonial literature written throughout this period, in recording this vast expansion, repeatedly cites imperial infrastructures to make sense of the various geographies in which it is set. Physical embodiments of empire proliferate in this writing. Railways and trains, telegraph wires and telegrams, roads and bridges, steamships and shipping lines, canals and other forms of irrigation, cantonments, the colonial bungalow and other kinds of colonial urban architecture—all of these infrastructural lines break up the landscape and give shape to the literature’s depiction and production of colonial space.
In order to analyse these physical embodiments of empire in colonial literature, this thesis develops a methodological reading practice called infrastructural reading. Rooted in a dualistic, yet connected use of the word 'infrastructure', this reading strategy works as a critical tool for analysing a mutually sustaining relationship embedded within these literary narratives. It focuses on the infrastructures in the text, both physical and symbolic, in order to excavate the infrastructures of the text, be they geographic, social or economic—namely, the material conditions of the world-system that underpinned Britain's imperial expansion. This methodology is applied to a number of colonial authors including H. Rider Haggard, Olive Schreiner, William Plomer and John Buchan in South Africa and Flora Annie Steel, E.M. Forster, Edmund Candler and Edward Thompson in India. The results show that the infrastructural networks that circulate through colonial fiction are almost always related to some form of anti-imperial resistance, manifestations that include ideological anxieties, limitations and silences, as well as more direct objections to and acts of violent defiance against imperial control and capitalist accumulation. In so doing, the thesis demonstrates how this literary-cultural terrain and the resistance embedded within it has been shaped by, and has in turn shaped, the infrastructure of the capitalist world-system.

Keywords: Colonialism
British Empire
South Africa
Colonial Literature
Imperialism
Resistance
Infrastructure
India
Advisor: Boehmer, E
Pindar and his audiences

This thesis explores Pindar's relationship to his audiences. Part One demonstrates how his victory odes take into account an audience present at their premiere performance and also secondary audiences throughout space and time. It argues that getting the most out of the epinicians involves simultaneously assuming the perspectives of both their initial and subsequent audiences. Part Two describes how Pindar uses his audiences' knowledge of other lyric to situate his work both within an immanent poetic history and within a contemporary poetic culture. It sets out Pindar's vision of the literary world past and present and suggests how this framework shapes an audience’s experience of his work. Part Three explains how Pindar's victory odes made lucid sense as linear unities to fifth-century Greeks imbued in the traditions of choral lyric. An annotated text shows how each sentence in the epinician corpus forms part of a coherent chain of rational discourse.

Advisor: Hutchinson, G
Vowed to community or ordained to mission? Aspects of separation and integration in the Lutheran Deaconess Institute Neuendettelsau, Bavaria

This study offers an overdue exploration of the early years of the deaconess community in Neuendettelsau from a gender perspective. Drawing on rich archival material, it focuses on the process of the formation of a distinctive collective identity. Central to this study is the assumption, drawn from the social sciences, that collective identity is a social construction which requires the participation of the whole group through identification and which is consolidated by developing specific rituals, symbols, codes and normative texts, which facilitate integration, and by constructing external boundaries, which separate from the world and wider church. The centrifugal forces which came into play when deaconesses were sent out in isolation were counterbalanced by a communal life which offered forms of participation and identification for the individual members and which consolidated their sense of belonging.
The first chapter introduces the methodology. Chapter Two explores the social, cultural and theological context of the foundation of the Deaconess Institute, and offers a brief outline of the institution's historical development. The third chapter offers an in-depth analysis of the initiation ceremony as a rite which both admitted into the community and conferred an ecclesiastical office. Chapter Four analyses formative and normative texts that shed light on the community's norms, values, and expectations. In the fifth chapter, non-literary means of consolidating and affirming the deaconesses' collective identity are explored. This study concludes that the process of the emergence of a specific deaconess culture was pervaded by bourgeois norms, values, patterns of behaviour and notions about gender roles which measured out the women's radius of action and were at times difficult to reconcile with the deaconess profession.

Keywords: Collective identity
nineteenth-century deaconess movement
construction of femininity and masculinity
nineteenth-century Lutheran neo-confessionalism
cultural formation
religious identities
historical-theological gender research
Advisor: Chapman, M
Methuen, C
Mononuclear phagocytes in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation

Changes to the composition and function of the gut mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) compartment are associated with the development of intestinal inflammation. Much work has focused on the role of MNPs in gut-associated lymphoid tissue in maintaining homeostasis, however little is known regarding the roles of MNPs during colitis. We have investigated MNPs in the large intestinal lamina propria during the steady state and inflammation. One of our primary aims was to determine the contribution of MNP subsets to intestinal pathology. For our studies of inflammation, we focused mainly on the Helicobacter hepaticus infection &plus; anti-IL-10R model, which induces inflammation of the colon and caecum (typhlocolitis). We defined the composition of the MNP compartment alongside intestinal pathology scores throughout Hh &plus; anti-IL-10R typhlocolitis. Peak pathology, 2-3 weeks after induction of colitis, coincided with peak frequencies of CX3CR1int Ly6C&plus; MNPs. Having observed the accumulation of CX3CR1int CD64&plus; monocyte/macrophage MNPs in the inflamed lamina propria, we conducted comparative whole genome microarray analysis of these cells isolated from the large intestine three weeks after Hh &plus; anti-IL-10R treatment. CX3CR1int CD64&plus; MNPs selectively expressed a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, including a number of genes which individually can both promote and negatively regulate inflammation. IL-23 is essential for Hh &plus; anti-IL-10R-induced intestinal pathology. We investigated the role of MNPs as a source of IL-23 which drives Hh &plus; anti-IL-10R colitis. Unexpectedly, our results indicate that normally hyporesponsive CX3CR1hi macrophages may act as the initial source of IL-23, which induces development of colitis. Recruitment of Ly6C&plus; MHCII&plus; MNPs to the lamina propria was IL-23-dependent, and these cells also expressed IL-23, which may establish a positive feedback loop of immune cell recruitment, activation and IL-23 production. Finally, we also examined how MNPs might be recruited to the colonic lamina propria during inflammation. Our studies support the conclusion that CCR6 is not required for accumulation of monocyte-derived populations in the inflamed intestine. We cannot rule out a role for CCR2, however preliminary data from the Hh &plus; anti-IL-10R colitis model suggest a potential role for CCR1 or its close relation CCRL2. Such pathways could represent new therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease.

Keywords: Colitis
Intestinal Immunology
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Intestinal Inflammation
Mononuclear Phagocytes
Immunology
Macrophages
Monocytes
Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
Advisor: Powrie, F
Outcomes of psychological therapies in prisons: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The imprisoned population, currently more than 10 million worldwide, is reported to have higher rates of suicide and prevalence of severe mental illness than the general population. With these identified needs, the effectiveness of psychological therapies on mental health outcomes in prisons warrants a systematic evaluation. The purpose of this thesis is to systematically review and analyse randomised controlled trials of psychological therapies in prisons.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies that report mental health outcomes of psychological therapies among prisoners. Effect sizes were calculated from extracted data and presented using forest plots. Eligible studies were assessed for quality. Meta-regression analysis was performed to examine sources of heterogeneity between studies.
Results: Thirty-seven randomised controlled trial studies from 31 individual papers were eligible for data synthesis. In total the included studies showed a medium pooled effect size (0.50, 95% CI: 0.34-0.66) with a high level of heterogeneity. Subset of studies that adopted no treatment or waitlist as the control group had significantly larger pooled effect size (0.74, 95% CI: 0.51-0.97) than those that had treatment-as-usual (TAU) or another type of psychological therapy as controls (0.21, 95% CI: 0.01-0.41). Few studies that measured follow-up outcomes did not produce a significant pooled effect size. Effect sizes did not significantly differ between group therapy and individual therapy. Differences among varied treatment types were also not significant. Meta-regression of multiple study characteristics showed that presence of an adequate fidelity measure in a study was associated with lower effect size in treatment outcome. In the subgroup analysis with studies with no treatment/waitlist controls, lower participation rate and lower sample size were associated with higher effect size. Qualitative synthesis reported the difficulties in conducting RCTs of psychological therapy in prisons.
Conclusions: While psychological therapies in prisons tend to show medium treatment effect compared to no treatment or waitlist controls, the effect is reduced when the comparator is treatment-as-usual or other forms of psychological therapy. Studies should adopt an adequate fidelity measure, and caution is needed in interpreting studies with small sample sizes (≤ 100) and high attrition rates (≥ 20%).

Advisor: Fazel, S
Rebuilding fictions: Violence and the aesthetic in Cormac McCarthy, Michael Ondaatje, Toni Morrison, and Philip Roth

Critical accounts of postmodern fiction, with its inconclusive plots and fractured psyches, typically hinge on tropes of entropy, decentering, and the evacuation of meaning. Recent philosophical debates about ethics and religion, especially in their uptake by the literary academy as postsecular criticism and the ethical turn, deploy a similar set of concepts to emphasize ontological instability and radical deferral to the future as the basic structure of belief and attempts to behave ethically toward others. Focusing on such questions of belief and ethics, Rebuilding Fictions argues for an alternative understanding of postmodern fiction that hinges on tropes not of disintegration but of reconstruction and reintegration. A major strand of postmodern fiction epitomized by the U.S. and Canadian novelists Cormac McCarthy, Michael Ondaatje, Toni Morrison, and Philip Roth obsessively depicts both the violent collapse of lives and societies and the often post-traumatic process of trying to put those lives back together and start over again. Especially in their novels from the early 1990s to the present, McCarthy, Ondaatje, Morrison, and Roth repeatedly describe their characters' lives through metaphors of wounded trees growing back or ruined buildings being rebuilt. Rebuilding Fictions frames this emphasis on reconstruction in the historical period stretching from the tail end of the Cold War through the inter-war 90s to the present global formation of the War on Terror: reconstruction takes center stage in novels concerned with what it means to act in a post-war moment (post-1945, post-1989) or within a war that seems repetitively stuck in previous violence (World War II, the Second Gulf War). Rebuilding Fictions works out the mechanics by which literary characters placed in such violent situations reconstitute their identities, worldviews, and communal ties with others, typically by reading and writing. And these reconstructive acts of reading and writing also rebuild ethical relationships and religious beliefs, portraying belief and ethics not as radically deferred but as simultaneously present and reinventing themselves.

Advisor: Pratt, L
A burning question

Cremated bone occurs in many archaeological sites as small grey and white fragments. The high temperatures reached during heating induce structural, chemical and isotopic changes to bone apatite (the inorganic fraction of bone). These changes are investigated here by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr) in both modern heated bone and archaeological cremated specimens. The results of various heating experiments (in laboratory and natural conditions) highlight the significant carbon and oxygen exchanges with the fuel used as well as with bone organic matter (mainly collagen). While not informing on dietary practice and hydrology as is the case with unburned bone, the δ13C and δ18O values of calcined samples together with infrared results provide information on the conditions in which the bone was heated (e.g. presence of fuel, size of the pyre, temperatures reached, dry or fresh bone, etc.). In parallel, the effect of heat on the strontium present in bone is minimal, if not undetectable. Furthermore, as observed through artificial contamination experiments, post-burial alterations also appear to be extremely limited, which is to be expected due to the higher crystallinity of calcined bone apatite compared to tooth enamel and unburned bone. These experiments demonstrate that calcined bone provides a reliable substrate for mobility studies using its strontium isotope composition. The application of these results to the study of six Neolithic and one Bronze Age sites from Ireland showed the possibility of discriminating cremated individuals that ate food originating from different regions, as well as highlighting possible variations in cremation practices between different sites. The results of this thesis greatly extend the application of strontium isotopes to places and periods in which cremation was the dominant mortuary practice, or where unburned bone and enamel do not survive. They also provide insights into the reconstruction of ancient cremation practices.

Keywords: Cremation
Radiocarbon
Isotopes
Advisor: Schutling, R
Lee-Thorp, J
Festal apologetics : Syriac treatises on the Feast of the Discovery of the Cross

This thesis argues that the Feast of the Discovery of the Cross offered an occasion to refute religious opposition to the cross and crucifixion in the diverse socio-political contexts encountered by Syriac Christians between the fourth and the ninth centuries. At its inception, the Feast of the Cross promoted the cult of the True Cross, Old Testament typology, and the expansion of the Christian faith, and these features were sufficiently malleable to meet new religious challenges and political contexts. John of Dara’s ninth-century homily On the Cross is a lengthy exposition on the veneration of the cross, and it showcases how the feast could be used for apologetic ends. The first chapter focuses on the relic of the True Cross and the theologies of the cross of Eusebius of Caesarea, Cyril of Jerusalem, and Ephrem the Syrian, which shaped later festal celebrations. The second chapter traces the development of the legend of Helena’s Invention of the Cross and introduces the most popular Syriac invention legends, the Protonike and Judah Kyriakos legends. The third chapter analyses themes in pre-Arab Conquest Syriac homilies for the Feast of the Cross by Narsai, David Eskolaya, Jacob of Serugh, Severus of Antioch, and Pseudo-Chrysostom. The fourth chapter provides an overview of the dramatic changes of the seventh century during the reign of Heraclius and following the Arab Conquest. Chapter five compares inter-religious debate concerning the cross and crucifixion between Christians and Jews and between Christians and Muslims between the seventh and ninth centuries. Chapter six introduces John of Dara’s homily for the Feast of the Cross, which uses the traditional themes, together with apologetic topics, to defend the veneration of the cross. Chapter seven explores the influence of John of Dara’s homily on later Syrian Orthodox writers, Moshe bar Kepha and Dionysius bar Ṣalībī.

Keywords: Moshe bar Kepha
David Eskolaya
Jacob of Serugh
John of Dara
veneration of the cross
Feast of the Discovery of the Cross
Jewish-Christian relations
apologetics
liturgical year
Narsai
Dionysius bar Salibi
Muslim-Christian relations
Advisor: Taylor, D