VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Medical Raman spectroscopy, in vivo and ex vivo tissue analysis for cancer diagnosis

Raman spectroscopy provides detailed information about the molecular composition and structure of tissue. In the literature, it has been used to study healthy and diseased artery, brain, breast, skin and gastrointestinal tissues. The majority of this work was performed on excised tissues which were freeze stored or formalin-fixed. A study is presented, where spectral artefacts are identified which are due to tissue storage and/or sample preparation. The most significant of these was dehydration which caused significant disruption of protein and lipid peaks. To fulfill the diagnostic potential of Raman spectroscopy, it must be performed 'in vivo' with fiber optic probes. An in vivo Raman spectroscopy system (IVRS) and specialized fiber optic probes have been designed to obtain spectra from tissue. These probes are filtered to reduce the background signal from the fiber optics and the collection fibers utilize beam steering to optimize the collection efficiency. The spatial point response functions of these probes demonstrated that the beam steering effectively changed the sample volume, and hence, the collection efficiency. Relative to unfiltered probes, the 'in vivo' probes collected spectra from various tissues with reduced fiber optic background signal and significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios. The first spectra collected 'in vivo' from human gastrointestinal tissues are presented. These were obtained during endoscopy with 100 mW of 785 nm excitation light and a collection time of 5 s. Spectra of esophagus and colon had a signal-to-noise ratio of 3-8. Variation of probe-tissue pressure and angle did not significantly affect the spectra. However, some variation in spectral baseline was observed with probe bending. The performance of the IVRS in a clinical setting is described and suggestions are made for improvements. Future work includes the development of diagnostic algorithms to grade tissue pathology (especially low- 'versus' high-grade dysplasia) based on 'in vivo' spectra.
Internet-based distance training for adult ESL learners, a framework for dynamic language learning

This research study investigated the potential of Internet technology to provide a dynamic and autonomous language-learning environment for adult distance language learners. The study focused on six essential characteristics of dynamic language learning and observed the online study activity of the students in relation to these. Each learner was presented with various study resources and tools from which they could freely self-select as required. The lessons were constructed through a process of open dialogue and negotiation between students and teachers, integrating preset content with individualized assignments and age use. The activity data were analyzed in reference to a dynamic learning matrix in order to identify which of the dynamic learning characteristics was demonstrated by each learner and to what extent. The overall goal was to observe if the students could achieve a high level of autonomy within the learning environment. Interestingly, while students demonstrated a keen energy to explore and use the resources and tools, teachers found the environment to be overwhelming. The result of this was that a crucial characteristic of autonomous learning, teacher intervention, was not effectively realized. Nevertheless, the study clearly identifies the potential of an online learning environment to provide a self-directed, dynamic and autonomous learning environment for distance language learners.
Assessment of hypersensitivity syndrome reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and abacavir in HIV-positive individuals using a lymphocyte toxicity assay

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and abacavir are drugs that are associated with hypersensitivity reactions in HIV-infected individuals. In this research project, the lymphocyte toxicity assay (LTA) was used to investigate these reactions in this patient population. Lymphocyte toxicity to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) was not found to be statistically different between patients with positive histories of TMP-SMX hypersensitivity (n = 9) and controls (n = 5). Initial experiments with abacavir on lymphocytes from HIV-negative individuals (n = 7) suggested that abacavir may be oxidized to a reactive metabolite via this 'in vitro' microsomal system and that the effects of this metabolite could be measured using the LTA. However, when the assay was applied to HIV-positive individuals with a treatment history of abacavir, variable results were observed. Differences in disease state, comorbidities, concurrent medications, acetylator status, and glutathione deficiency among patients may complicate the study of HIV-infected lymphocytes using this assay.
Towards a theory of arts education

Until the present time, arts education in schools' programs has been generally regarded as a non-academic discipline, sometimes perceived as a less important subject than other curriculum subjects. In order to consider the arts a significant part of schooling, the current status of arts education indicates the need for several immediate improvements. This study explores the state of arts education in some elementary and secondary schools in Toronto. My text provides a comprehensive perspective of arts education--namely, visual arts, music, drama and dance. It emphasizes the arts as a necessary enrichment for students' development. This study reveals how arts education can help to fulfill many aspects of students' lives. It includes references from literary publications, results from answers to questionnaires from students and teachers, and information derived from arts teachers' interviews. My thesis aims to justify the value of arts education for students' development during their school years.
Binding of external chlorides by cement pastes

Chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion is the dominant cause of premature deterioration of reinforced concrete structures worldwide. The need to quantify the durability of new and existing structures led to the development of service life prediction models. This requires a clear understanding of the mechanisms of chloride penetration into concrete cover. This research looks into chloride binding when chlorides are introduced after the hydration of cement. Highlights of this research include the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results which provide insight into some mechanisms of chloride binding. They show that several calcium aluminate hydrates (C-A-H), including monosulphate, convert to Friedel's salt. The monosulphate converts Kuzel's salt at low concentrations before transforming into Friedel's salt at higher concentrations. Evidence suggests that ettringite starts converting to Friedel's salt at high chloride concentration. Friedel's salt peaks kept increasing at chloride exposures above 1.0 M, indicating that chemical binding is not exhausted at low chloride concentrations. The results indicate the chloride binding capacity of cement paste results from the contribution of hydrates of different cement phases. The C3 A has a strong effect on chloride binding, especially at high chloride concentrations (1.0- 3.0 M). Evidence from synthetic compound pastes and cement pastes indicate that C4AF, C3S, and C 2S bind chlorides and significantly contribute to the binding capacity. The binding isotherms of cement pastes can be predicted from the chemical composition of cements. The results show that chloride binding isotherms are non-linear, and the Freundlich isotherm is the best fit in the chloride concentration range 0.1 M-3.0 M. In general, the partial replacement of cement with fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), or metakaolin, increased chloride binding. Partial replacement with silica fume reduced chloride binding. An increase in the pH (13-14) of the storage solution reduced chloride binding. The presence of sulphate ions in the storage solution at 0.1 M concentration reduced chloride binding. Pre-carbonation of cement pastes greatly reduced chloride binding. An increase in temperature between 7°C and 38°C reduced chloride binding at 0.1 M chloride exposure, but increased it at 3 M exposure.
A compact four-element injection-locked scanning antenna array

A compact, single layer CPW-fed patch scanning array using injection locking at 9.83 GHz is presented in this thesis. The unit element for the array is a self oscillating active patch antenna with a GaAs FET centered behind the patch for tight packing. The feedback for the oscillator is provided through electromagnetic coupling using a twin-slot arrangement behind the patch. A low power control signal is injected through parasitic coupling at the CPW side of the circuit. This parasitic coupling is achieved by electromagnetic coupling of the locking signal to the gate of the FET. Phase shifting of the elements is achieved by electronically adjusting the gate voltage of the GaAs FET. A scan range of -12° to 9.5° is obtained for this array.
Examining the motivations of individuals' involvement in site-based planning and management

This study examines the link between individual values and the choice resulting from their application using the vehicle of school-based planning and management. The more specific focus is the examination of the beliefs that underlie individual action. A conceptual framework based on Hodgkinson's Analytical Model of the Value Concept (1991, p.97) has been developed to examine the motivation for participation. Three sets of responses, gathered over a three month period of time were analyzed to determine what motivated individuals to participate in the initiative. Responses were also examined to see if there was support for Hodgkinson's (1991, p.103) three postulates. This was not the case. His first postulate, that type 1 values are superior to type 2 and they to type 3, and his second postulate, that values lose their level of grounding and force over time and weaken did not occur to any extent. In both instances individual value choices over time had a centering affect and values shifted towards the middle of Hodgkinson's hierarchy, to type 2a values of consequences. His third postulate, that value conflicts will be resolved at the lowest level to avoid moral issues, also was not supported. In this study, all conflicts were resolved by type 2b, values of consensus. Conclusions drawn from the research suggest that type 1 values of principle, and type 3 values of personal preference are more likely to be selected when there is a lack of information needed to make a decision. These value types are also more likely to be chosen when the benefits leading to a particular decision are unconvincing or unclear. Early and ongoing dialogue, sharing of information with all stakeholders, as well as positive and enthusiastic leadership may help influence individual choice, particularly when there is little or no information on which to base the decision.
Diet, lifestyle and heart health parameters in adolescents

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Canada. Although it occurs later in life it has pediatric roots. The main objective of the study was to undertake initial evaluation of CHD risk factors, diet and lifestyle in adolescents. Total of 182 greater Toronto-based students between age 16 and 18 years old, from different ethnic groups were studied. Method for data collection of biochemical, anthropometric, diet and lifestyle parameters were drawn from the Canadian multicentre Study of Health Assessment and Risk in Ethnic Groups (SHARE), modified for the age and the purpose of this study. CHD risk factors were found to be present in investigated adolescent group from the Greater Toronto Area high schools with distribution that is most cases sex specific. Fasting blood glucose could be an useful marker to detect presence of cluster of CHD risk factor that are associated with metabolic syndrome, therefore increased risk of developing CHD.
Generation of accurate on-chip transconductances using a monolithic CMOS PLL with hybrid analog and digital control

A method for generating accurately-known on-chip transistor transconductances over process, power-supply, and temperature variations is presented. The technique uses an adjustable constant-gm bias circuit, which is tuned with a fully-integrated CMOS PLL locked to an external frequency reference normally present to produce a system clock. The PLL uses a charge-pump structure with three control-loops (two digital and one analog) having overlapping ranges with hysteresis to minimize tuning glitches in steady-state. The PLL has a lock-range of 135 MHz to 300 MHz, and displays an RMS jitter of 15.6 ps. The transconductances generated from the circuit display a 2.2% variation for a 60°C change in temperature, and a 1.3% variation for a 10% variation in power-supply voltage. The design has been fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process, using an active area of 1200 x 1200 μm2, and drawing 5.8 mA from a 3.3 V supply.
Effectiveness of the Flutter Device versus the PEP Mask in the treatment of adult Cystic Fibrosis

'Purpose'. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Flutter Device versus the PEP Mask in the treatment of adult Cystic Fibrosis. 'Methods'. 42 adults mean age 29 (+/-8.4) years participated in a 13-month randomized controlled trial. Pulmonary function tests, the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ) were administered 1-month post-recruitment and every 3 months thereafter. 'Results'. Using linear regression, the mean slope of FEV1 % predicted was -1.97 (+/-8.14) for the Flutter group and -4.16 (+/-8.04) for the PEP group (p = 0.384). There was no significant difference in the slopes of the QWB (p = 0.295) or CRQ (p = 0.980) total scores. 'Conclusions'. There was no difference in the effectiveness of the Flutter Device and the PEP Mask over a 13-month period. Large studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.
Finite element analysis of repaired concrete structures

The practice of repair and upgrading of existing structures has gained importance in the past twenty years. As a consequence, various techniques for the rehabilitation and retrofitting of infrastructures have been developed. Some involve the use of traditional materials, such as steel, concrete and different cementitious materials, others are based on advanced composite materials, known as fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Field applications and experimental research have contributed over time to assessing the adequacy and the applicability of most of these techniques. In this context, the need for reliable analytical tools has emerged. At the University of Toronto, various F.E. programs for the non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete structures have been developed. Programs TRIX, for 2-D membranes, is based on the formulations of the Modified Compression Field Theory (Vecchio and Collins, 1986). This thesis explores the present ability of this program to describe the actual response of repaired RC structures. Furthermore, it offers an extensive database, provided by laboratory testing, for a more general corroboration of 2-D and 3-D finite element programs for the analysis of repaired reinforced concrete structures.
Structural studies of azobenzene-modified proteins

Photoregulation is a powerful tool, since it provides a non-invasive method of reversibly controlling biological activities. The photochrome phenylazophenylalanine (PAP) has been tested for its ability to reversibly photoregulate two biological processes: enzyme activity and ion channel gating. In an effort to judge PAP as a candidate for photoregulation, we have initiated studies to determine the conformations of PAP residues at specific sites in RNase S and gramicidin A. PAP has been incorporated at position 7 (PAP7) and at position 10 (PAP10) in separate S-peptide samples, and incorporated at position 1 (PAP1) in gramicidin A samples. Standard NMR techniques in combination with molecular modelling are being used to assess the structure and dynamics of azobenzene in each system and to gauge the effectiveness of photocontrol of each system.
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and the maintenance of elevated cysteine levels in cervical carcinoma

Recent data indicate that cysteine, a free radical scavenger, can accumulate in solid tumours at much greater concentrations than those found in tissue culture and normal tissues. Since cysteine is more effective than glutathione in the chemical repair of DNA radical sites, these elevated levels of cysteine are potentially relevant to radiation sensitivity in cancer patients. The action of the enzyme, ã-glutamyl transpeptidase (ã-GT), facilitates the cellular uptake of cysteine. The hypothesis investigated in the work is that ã-GT plays a significant role in maintaining elevated cysteine levels in carcinomas of the cervix that express high levels of ã-GT activity and hence, that ã-GT inhibition may have therapeutic potential in combination with radiotherapy. Experiments involving inhibition of ã-GT activity in human cervical cancer cell lines maintained in tissue culture and xenografts in severely combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice show a decrease in intracellular cysteine levels in the high ã-GT expressing cells.
Romance, suffering and hope, reflective practice with abused women

This dissertation is an example of reflective clinical social work practice with abused women, using both narrative therapy and narrative research approaches. The starting point of this research project was situated within clinical practice with abused women, and in particular through listening to abused women discussing their engagements with romance novels, soap operas and chat shows. Initially concerned by the romanticization of abuse within popular cultural texts I was interested in what abused women might be learning through their engagements with such texts. An emergent design was used within this study with two women with experience of relationship violence, asking the women, through the co-narration of their own life-stories, to reflect upon where and what they had learned about heterosexual romantic relationships. I have attempted to make my subject position visible as both clinical practitioner and as researcher while writing about my engagement with the women's narratives and through the presentation of my own narrative. I then immersed myself in the reading and re-telling of the women's favourite popular cultural texts, 'Dark Rapture' and 'Flowers in the Attic' in order to attempt to understand something of their engagement with those stories. This experience has combined with literature and practice to suggest that it might be beneficial to examine, within the therapeutic setting, clients' engagement with popular cultural texts, reflecting upon their learning from such texts. Through this process it also became clear that it would be necessary to take up an examination of conceptions of hope. The dissertation ends with a discussion of hope and approaches for addressing hope within practice. Hope is conceived of as residing in the present, informing us of what is missing in the present. This understanding of hope would suggest that examining abused women's hopes, as represented through some of their popular cultural engagements, could assist with the reshaping of their expectations of relationships, which would assist them in breaking problematic relationship patterns.
Merchants in the temple?, the implications of the GATS and NAFTA for Canada's health care system

International trade agreements have altered the context within which Canada's health care system must function. This thesis critically examines the implications of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) for the future of Canada's health care system. The GATS and NAFTA seek to liberalize trade in services and investment, a goal that is largely premised on the value of the free market. The free market is a form of resource allocation based on purchasing power and rests uneasily with the values of Canada's health care system which seeks to distribute health care resources according to need, not ability to pay. Through their trade liberalizing provisions, the GATS and NAFTA have the potential to promote the presence of a foreign private, for-profit sector in Canada's health care system and to undermine the core values on which the health care system is founded.
The effect of sequencing instruction on form and function on the learning of the forms and functions of passe compose and imparfait by grade 11 French immersion students

This study is designed to investigate the effect of sequencing instruction on form and function on the learning of a problematic French grammatical feature by Grade 11 French immersion (FI) students. The impetus for the study derives from research indicating a need to improve FI students' grammatical skills, and from my personal experience as a French immersion teacher. The experimental materials consist of mechanical, meaningful and communicative drills and are designed to provide students with opportunities to focus first on the forms of the 'passé composé' and 'imparfait ', and subsequently on their functions (aspectual meaning). Isolating forms from context initially, and then moving to teaching the function/use of the two aspects allows learners to focus on one thing at a time and takes into consideration learners' limited attentional capacity. Mechanical drills focus on linguistic forms isolated from context and provide students with opportunities to practise the target forms (verb conjugation, correct auxiliary, correct past participle and correct agreement) to the extent of memorization and eventually automatization. Meaningful and communicative drills focus on function (as it arises in meaningful contexts) and provide students with opportunities to learn the aspectual distinction between the 'passé composé ' and 'imparfait' and to use the target verb forms in context. The experimental materials were implemented in a Grade 11 FI classroom by the researcher over a period of 6 weeks. In a pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest design, the experimental group was compared with two other Grade 11 groups who did not receive the experimental treatment. Statistical analyses, with adjustment made for pretest scores, indicated that where there were differences in performance, they favoured the experimental group. This study is the first in a French as a second language context to use sequencing instruction on form and function in an attempt to improve FI students' linguistic accuracy in written production. Generalizability of findings is, however, limited due to small sample size and further research is required.