VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The transition from shamanism to Russian Orthodoxy in Alaska

Responding to twofold question how did the transition occur; and what were its implications for the ancient cultures? - this thesis places an emphasis upon the transition as an indigenous movement, involving a transformation of the ancient.
The primary focus is comprised of the Aleut and Alutiiq peoples who converted virtually as whole nations in the later 18th century. They then maintained this faith themselves within their village structures, a premise that will be substantiated in the Introduction. While a similar ingrafting occurred among other Alaskan peoples as well, an amount of published evidence is available for the Aleuts and Alutiiqs that can render the premise especially secure for them. These other Alaskan peoples - the Yupiit, the "Ingalik" Athapascans, the Kolchan Athapascans, the Denaᐟina Athapascans, the historical Eyak, and the Tlingit have provided corroborative ethnographical and social anthropological material; and the main concepts articulated in this study could potentially be extended to them as well, and extended further to peoples of similar cultures across northern Eurasia who were part of this history (as explained in Chapter 1 and in the epilogue in Chapter 6).
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On the origin, morphology and kinematics of molecular gas in early-type galaxies

In this thesis I present new interferometric 12CO observations of 30 early-type galaxies (ETGs). These galaxies were the brightest ~2/3 of CO detected ETGs from the complete, volume limited Atlas3D survey. By including literature data I construct the largest ever sample of mapped ETGs, containing 41 objects, and use this sample to analyse the morphology, kinematics and origin of the molecular gas.
Many of the galaxies in this sample have relaxed molecular discs, but polar structures, rings, bars and disturbed gas distributions are also present. Around half of the galaxies have molecular gas that follows the stellar light profile, similar to molecular gas in spirals, while others have molecular gas excesses, truncations, rings or composite profiles. The molecular gas extent is smaller in absolute terms in ETGs than in late-type galaxies, but the size distributions are similar once scaled by the galaxies optical/stellar characteristic scalelengths. Cluster environments, however, lead to systems having denser, more compact molecular reservoirs.
I find that molecular gas is an excellent kinematic tracer, even in high-mass ETGs, and thus molecules may be the kinematic tracer of choice for probing the M/L evolution of galaxies over cosmic-time. I use this knowledge to construct the first ever early-type CO Tully-Fisher relation, and show that it is offset from the Tully-Fisher relation of spirals by 0.98±0.22 magnitudes at Ks-band.
I find that a third of my sample galaxies have their molecular and ionised gas kinematically misaligned with respect to the stars, setting a strong lower limit on the importance of externally acquired gas (e.g. from mergers and cold accretion). The origin of the molecular gas seems to depend strongly on environment, with externally acquired material being common in the field but nearly completely absent in Virgo. Furthermore, my results suggest that galaxy mass may be an important independent factor associated with the origin of the gas, with the most massive fast-rotating galaxies in our sample always having kinematically aligned gas.

Keywords: kinematics
early-type
galaxies
morphology
molecular Ggs
Advisor: Bureau, M
Border subjects

The absence of a public dialogue, either about or between Assia Djebar and Hélène Cixous is mystifying, because they move in academic/literary/intellectual/biographical circles that overlap. Reading for the textual dialogue between Cixous's and Djebar's writing reveals the development of a narrative and writing position, referred to here as the 'border- subject', the roots of which stem from the authors' biographies. Reading Djebar's and Cixous's oeuvre, against the background of Franchise Lionnet's and Gloria Anzaldua's theoretical landscape, simultaneously enlarges the critical optic as well as the scope of each individual writer's oeuvre.
What characterises the fictional border subject in Les Impatients and Dedans is a willingness to transgress boundaries. The fictional border subject negotiates with three different spatial dynamics: the separation from the other, spatial metaphors, and history's invasion of domestic space. In the subsequent 'Le Rire de la méduse' and Femmes d'Alger dans leur appartement, Djebar and Cixous write as border subjects in order to craft liberating strategies intended to redress the mis-representation or absence of women's body. As a consequence of the preceding texts, L'Amour, la fantasia and Les Rêveries de la femme sauvage contain the authors' semi-autobiographical questioning of the border subject in relation to origin, language, belonging and home: this enables a re-animation of the Algerian past, both individual and collective. Lastly, in Le Blanc de I'Algérie and Le Jour où je n'étais pas là the border subject is put aside: although absent, the narrating 'je' remains connected with events and bears witness. This dimension of testimony represents an exciting development in the authors' oeuvre and their political commitment.
What emerges from a comparative reading is the authors' transformation of the border subject into an engagement with the Algerian present. Solidarity amongst Algerian born writers can transform literature into an indestructible repository for the dream of a multi- lingual, multi-cultural Algeria.

Advisor: Fallaize, E
International Calvinism and the Reformed church of Hungary and Transylvania, 1613-1658

The Reformed church in Hungary and Transylvania had extensive connections with western Calvinist churches during the early seventeenth century, and became more closely linked with co-religionists abroad during this period. In this thesis I shall examine the ideology and shared interests of this international Calvinist community, and assess the significant impact which contacts with fellow Calvinists beyond Hungary's borders had on the development of the Hungarian Reformed church. The early seventeenth century saw increasing numbers of Hungarian student ministers travel to western Reformed universities, western Calvinist teachers travel to work in Hungarian schools, and the transfer and translation of foreign Reformed theological works for use in Hungary and Transylvania. This pattern of broad engagement with western Europe heavily influenced the development of education in the Reformed schools of Hungary and Transylvania, as well as the forms of worship and ceremony adopted by the Hungarian Reformed church.
Godly princes, godly gentlemen and clergy were partners in the building-up of the Reformed church of Hungary and Transylvania. The church was indeed reliant in the early seventeenth century on patronage and support from a series of Reformed Transylvanian princes, and from Hungarian nobles. The continuing commitment of these parties to further religious reformation in the region was challenged by some Reformed ministers who, inspired by their experience of Calvinist churches abroad, sought to introduce presbyterial government and reforms of church ceremony and discipline, an agenda dubbed locally as Puritanism.
International Calvinist contacts however largely served to bolster the theological orthodoxy of the Reformed community of Hungary and Transylvania against its confessional rivals, invigorating the Reformed church's zeal to defend its position with a stridently anti-Catholic ideology. Comparisons with other Reformed churches reinforced commitment in Hungary to tighten standards of discipline with an ethos of morality which was distinctively Reformed. International Calvinism therefore assisted the Reformed confessionalisation of Transylvania and eastern Hungary in the early seventeenth century. However the ties binding Transylvania with the rest of the Calvinist world in this period also encouraged Transylvania's princes to adopt a diplomatic policy of Protestant cooperation tinged with apocalyptic ideas, which was ultimately to jeopardise the stability of the principality and the place of Reformed religion in east-central Europe.
The evolution and development of left/right asymmetry in the Lophotrochozoa

Left/right (L/R) asymmetries, differences in morphology between the otherwise mirrored left- and right-hand sides of the body, are found in animals across the Bilateria. For many years it was thought that the mechanisms for establishment of these asymmetries had evolved separately in the three superphyla that constitute the Bilateria, but the discovery in 2009 that the TGF-beta ligand Nodal shares a conserved role in the Deuterostomia and Lophotrochozoa has re-ignited debate and interest in this field. In this thesis, work examining the establishment and maintenance of L/R asymmetries in the lophotrochozoan superphylum is presented, aimed at uncovering the wider conservation of these pathways across the Bilateria.
Illumina sequencing and a range of de novo assembly techniques were used to derive genomic and transcriptomic data respectively for two primary model organisms, the limpet Patella vulgata and the serpulid annelid Pomatoceros lamarckii. Additionally, collaborative work lead to the derivation of transcriptomes for two other mollusc species and the genome of the monogont rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. A range of analysis was performed on these novel resources and is detailed here, with particular reference to the transcription factor cassettes contained in these datasets.
These sequence resources formed the basis for examination of the breaking of initial symmetry in these model organisms. Known read-outs of correct establishment of L/R asymmetry, the expression of genes Nodal and Pitx on the right of the body, were codified in the course of normal development in P. vulgata. Pharmacological inhibitors of genes implicated in the establishment of L/R asymmetry, particularly ATPase ion channels, were then applied to embryos. After development, markers of normal development were assayed for signs of bilateral inversion. Although radialised phenotypes were observed, it is unclear whether these are specifically the result of L/R asymmetry defects. The localisation of ATPase mRNA and serotonin, often posited as a small molecule potential morphogen, were also assayed, although no conclusions could be drawn as to a role in the establishment of L/R asymmetry for these molecules, counter to some evidence from vertebrates.
Once symmetry is broken, the TGF-beta pathway is responsible for the communication, specification and maintenance of tissue identity across the L/R axis. The novel sequence resources described in this thesis provided a comprehensive window into this signalling cassette, and detailed here is a treatment of the TGF-beta pathway within the Lophotrochozoa. Ligand diversity has increased markedly in some clades, while signal transduction and regulatory steps are relatively unchanged.
This work has increased our knowledge of lophotrochozoan biology and particularly the mechanisms underpinning the establishment of asymmetry in this under-researched clade, however, much remains to be discovered about the ultimate origin of asymmetry itself.

Keywords: Lophotrochozoa
TGF
Asymmetry
Nodal
Advisor: Shimeld, SM
A Study of 2-pion production in 10 GeV/c K+ Meson interactions in hydrogen

This thesis contains an analysis of the two reactions,
K+p → K+π+π−p; and
K+p → K0π+π0p
at an incident K+ momentum of 10 GeV/c, which were observed in the C.E.R.N. 2m Hydrogen Bubble Chamber.
The resonances Δ++(1236), K*0(890) and K*0(1420) are strongly produced in these data. To investigate the possible existence of a scalar KN(1100) resonance, calculations were performed on the K*0 – Δ++(1236), quasi two-body state, using modified one-pion-exchange formulae. The presence of a large I = 1⁄2, s-wave phase shift in the region of 1.1 GeV/c2 is indicated but is not required to be resonant.
The enhancement between 1.2 and 1.45 GeV/c2 in Kππ mass, present in these data, is determined to have a dominant spin-parity of 1+ throughout. Evidence for two 1+ resonances in this mass region is obtained from an analysis of the variations, with mass, of the decay properties of this system.
A low mass pππ enhancement is present in the data from K+π+π−p final state, only. A study of the production and decay characteristics of this system would seem to suggest that it is composed of the I = 1⁄2 resonances in the spin-parity series 1⁄2+, 3⁄2−, 5⁄2+, known from elastic π-p phase shift analyses.
Analysis of human non-canonical 3’end formation signals

Cleavage and polyadenylation are essential pre-mRNA processing reactions maturing the 3’end of almost all protein encoding eukaryotic mRNAs. Analysis of the sequences required for cleavage and polyadenylation in the human melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and the human transcription factors JUNB and JUND pre-mRNAs revealed that, at least for some mammalian genes, 3’end processing of the primary transcript is independent of previously described auxiliary sequence elements located upstream or downstream of the core poly(A) sequences. The analysis of the MC4R poly(A) site, contrary to the current understanding of mammalian poly(A) sites, showed that mutations of the AUUAAA hexamer sequence had no effect on 3’end processing levels while mutations in the short DSE severely reduced cleavage efficiency. The MC4R poly(A) site uses a potent DSE and to direct maximal cleavage efficiency requires only a short upstream adenosine rich sequence. Furthermore, analysis of the endogenous A-rich human JUNB poly(A) signal validated upstream A-rich core sequences as genuine 3’end formation directing sequences in human non-canonical 3’end formation signals. The results show that a minimal human poly(A) site, similar to yeast and plants, can be defined by an adenosine rich sequence adjacent to a U/GU-rich sequence element and a cleavage site. These findings further imply that some human non-canonical poly(A) sites may be recognised via a similar DSE-dependent mechanism and may not require additional auxiliary sequence elements. Finally, results on the analysis of the EDF1 poly(A) signal show that, in a spliced environment, A-rich sequences are also 3’end formation effectors but depend on an competent upstream splicing reaction for efficient definition of the 3’end processing site.

Keywords: human non-canonical 3' end formation signals
3'end cleavage and polyadenylation
human pre-mRNA 3'end processing
A-rich 3'end formation signals
Advisor: Furger, A
Effect of shear patterns and EPS on fouling in microfiltration

Concentration polarisation and fouling reduce performance as well as increase costs. In order to mitigate these effects, understanding the cause and effects of these phenomena is crucial. It has been hypothesized, and to a certain extent shown, that amelioration of fouling can be achieved through the use of time varying shear for example use of air-sparging or sharp changes in crossflow velocity. Nevertheless the effect of shear on membrane fouling, in particular its effect on the foulant deposition and the transmission of small molecules in microfiltration, is not well understood.
The goal of this project was to achieve an understanding of various foulant be- haviour. The work was divided into two parts. Firstly, the observations of fouling by freshwater algae, Chlorella Sorokiniana, were carried out at Nanyang Technolo- gical University, Singapore. Observations using macroscopic parameters were ex- amined with an optical non-invasive observation technique called Direct Observa- tion Through Membrane (DOTM). The result yielded a novel relationship between operating flux, crossflow velocity and transmission of extracellular polysaccharide. Interestingly shear was shown to have positive as well as negative effects on fouling of microfiltration membrane. The analysis of permeate has clearly shown that a maximisation of shear rate was not ideal.
The second part was concerned with observations of the effect of shear patterns on membrane fouling using newly fabricated special membrane filtration cell, Direct Shear Stress Test Cell (DSSTC), designed to fit an Anton Paar rheometer and op- erate at constant flux. Unlike the-constant-shear-filtration cells, one could impose a very wide variety of shear regimes including intermittent sharp changes of direction and sinusoidal oscillations in the DSSTC. The effect of shear patterns on transmis- sion and fouling of a model polysaccharide (Dextran Blue) through microfiltration membranes was carried out at various conditions. Again, the results showed that the maximisation of shear rate was not ideal. The effect of shear patterns and EPS on fouling by yeast suspension was also studied using the DSSTC. The benefit of oscillatory shear is foulant dependent. For example, square wave oscillatory shear led to lower relative fouling for yeast EPS, but it resulted in higher relative fouling for unwashed yeast.

Keywords: shear
microfiltration
EPS
Advisor: Field, R
Cui, Z
The edge of the field of vision

This thesis examines the image archive of photographs of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands of Japan within the framework of historically informed visual anthropology. It is argued that investigating the photography of Ogasawara, which has an ethnically diverse population of descendants of the pre-Japanese, nineteenth-century settlement, exposes the processes that have configured modern 'Japaneseness'. Towards this end, the major areas explored are early Japanese photographic practice, visual aspects of Japanese colonialism, Japanese domestic tourism and the use of photography in the creation and maintenance of ideas about Japanese culture.
Extremely rare imperial, government and commercial images, including albumen prints, cartes de visite and postcards, from museums, archives and private collections are examined in this study. The trajectories of these images through the 'visual economy' are traced as they are produced, circulated and gather meanings in a variety of contexts, from early colonial encounters to contemporary tourist engagements. These processes are exposed through an investigation of early Japanese photographic practice, colonial expeditions to Ogasawara, the shifting location of Islanders as 'slippery' internal others within configurations of Japaneseness, Japanese domestic tourism and the tourist discourse in contemporary Ogasawara. This has enabled the development of an alternative history of early Japanese photographic practice and a new understanding of Japanese domestic tourism.
These new ways of conceptualising photography and tourism in Japan, together with insights gained from ethnographic investigations of the Ogasawaran image archive, demonstrate that photography played a major role in the construction of modern Japaneseness, rather than merely being a by-product of modernisation. Through an examination of images from the archive of photographs of the Ogasawara Islands, one gains an understanding of modern Japan as a society more diverse than the mostly homogeneous nation it is generally represented as, and more fluid in its definitions of Japaneseness than previously thought.

Advisor: Professor Roger Goodman, E
Doctrine, polemic and literary tradition in some hexameter poems of Prudentius

The thesis, the topic of which is restricted to the polemical didactic poems, Apotheosis, Hamartigenia and Contra Symmachum 1-2, aims to establish the attitudes of Prudentius to the literary tradition and argues for his relationship with the Latin classical poets. Its main argument is that the hexameter poems as a group can be profitably studied from a stylistic angle, since they show how Prudentius combined, and used with innovation, the styles of several poets, namely Lucretius, Virgil and Juvenal, and in many cases engaged with the literary tradition as a whole. Chapter I surveys, as reflected in the poems, Prudentius' awareness of the political, religious and literary milieu in the Christian Empire of the West in his day. Chapter II examines how Prudentius employed the style of argument and imagery in the D.R.N. to present Christian doctrines on the body and the soul, and to reject pagan superstition. Chapter III shows how with much imagination and respect Prudentius adapted Virgil's phraseology and techniques to give new Christian interpretations of some mythical and historical themes in the Aen., such as the 'Golden Age' and the battle of Actium, and of topics on agriculture from the Georg. Chapter IV argues that, like other fourth century Christian writers, the poet entered into the spirit of Satire and alluded to Juvenal's themes and language in his treatment of the topics of sin and sexuality. Finally, in Chapter V Prudentius' adaptations of the biblical accounts in Gen. 19 and of Ps. 136 are used to demonstrate how allegory, which is a main feature of his poetry, was combined successfully with different classical techniques. In conclusion, the hexameter poems demonstrate that Prudentius did not reject classical poetry on the basis of its content, but used both its themes and poetic techniques in order to merge the ancient with the Christian literary tradition.

Advisor: Professor Michael Winterbottom, A
Critiquing cooperation

The purpose of this study is to develop a deeper understanding of the formation and performance of the international water management institutions operating in the Orange-Senqu basin shared between Lesotho, South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia. The research examines the influence of interstate interaction on adaptive capacity and the allocation of water and related benefits within the Orange-Senqu basin and provides explanations for how and why particular cooperative arrangements emerged and produce differential effects.
By applying a structure-agent approach to regime analysis, this study draws attention to four key factors underpinning the formation and performance of the Orange-Senqu water governance regime: power asymmetry, problem structure (i.e., the combination of interest asymmetry and uncertainty), expert networks, and political context. The study demonstrates that each of these four factors provides important and complementary insight into the process of interaction of and the positive and negative effects produced by international water management institutions in the basin and opportunities for generating change. Among these factors, the study argues, power asymmetry and problem structure are critical for understanding transboundary water governance dynamics and identifying strategies for challenging the status quo.

Advisor: Dr Laura Rival, W