VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Aspects of faith in the Eunomian controversy

Despite the intense controversy which surrounded the Eunomian movement at its inception, and the continuing, if sporadic, attention. paid it in subsequent centuries, the theology of Eunomius has been relatively neglected. In particular, scholars have concentrated. almost entirely on Eunomius' Triniterian doctrine, and have paid little attention to other aspects of his system. This thesis is an attempt to remedy this neglect. In it we will explore the meaning and function of the various aspects of faith in Eunomian teaching. Particularly, we will try to ascertain its relationship to Eunomius' extensive use of rational argument, and his claim to apprehend the essence of God completely. It is hoped that we will thereby come to a better understanding of the functioning of Eunomianism as a religious system.
Among the reasons why scholars have neglected Eunomius has been the small amount of available evidence, and the unreliable state of what little there is. Much of this thesis, therefore, is concerned with clarifying this evidence. Two parts of this thesis, deal with this problem: Part I and the various appendices. The latter include a critical text of the 'Liber Apologeticus' and the 'Esposito Fidei'. Part I concerns itself with each of surviving Eunomian works in turn and with some fragmentary material. It attempts to determine the provenance, authenticity, and reliability of each. The appendices deal with other aspects of the same problem.
The second part of the thesis, Part II, deals with the problem of faith itself. In its opening section (by far the longest) it examines the evidence which has been alleged to show that in Eunomius' practice (if not his teaching) faith was completely dominated by reason. After a detailed analysis we are unable to substantiate this allegation, and are forced to the conclusion that the reason for it is as much. to be sought in the presuppositions of its authors as in the state of the evidence. The second section attempts to present another solution to this problem, one which looks at it with fresh eyes and from within. Particularly, we examine the Eunomian theory of language and its connection with the problem of revelation,, and; to the knowledge of God. In the end, we are able to conclude that so far from dominating revelation it is a guarantee of it, and provides us with a surety that a genuine knowledge of God is possible. It is in this context that the soul's ascent to God in faithful contemplation is to be understood. It is to be hoped that in reaching this conclusion, we have helped to clarify in some degree our understanding of this much-neglected, but very interesting ancient theologian.

Keywords: Eunomius
Incremental sheet forming: modelling and path optimisation

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a novel metal shaping technology that is economically viable for low-volume manufacturing, customisation and rapid-prototyping. It uses a small tool that is controlled by a computer-numerically controlled sequence and the path taken by this tool over the sheet defines the product geometry. Little is currently known about how to design the tool-path to minimise geometric errors in the formed part. The work here addresses this problem by developing a model based tool-path optimisation scheme for ISF. The key issue is how to generate an efficient model for ISF to use within a path optimisation routine, since current simulation methods are too slow. A proportion of this thesis is dedicated to evaluating the applicability of the rigid plastic assumption for this purpose. Three numerical models have been produced: one based on small strain deformation, one based on limit analysis theory and another that approximates the sheet to a network of rods. All three models are formulated and solved as second-order cone programs (SOCP) and the limit analysis based model is the first demonstration of an upper-bound shell finite element (FE) problem solved as an SOCP. The models are significantly faster than commercially available FE software and simulations are compared with experimental and numerical data, from which it is shown the rigid plastic assumption is suitable for modelling deformation in ISF. The numerical models are still too slow for the path optimisation scheme, so a novel linearised model based on the concept of spatial impulse responses is also formulated and used in an optimal control based tool-path optimisation scheme for producing axisymmetric products with ISF. Off-line and on-line versions of the scheme are implemented on an ISF machine and it is shown that geometric errors are significantly reduced when using the proposed method. This work provides a new structured framework for tool-path design in ISF and it is also a novel use of feedback to compensate for geometrical errors in ISF.

Keywords: metal forming
incremental forming
limit analysis
rigid plastic
path optimisation
Advisor: Duncan, SR
Technological ambiguity & the Wassenaar Arrangement

International cooperation on export controls for technology is based on three assumptions, that it is possible: to know against whom controls should be directed; to control the international transfer of technology; and to deﬁne the items to be controlled. These assumptions paint a very hierarchical framing of one of the central problems in export controls: dual-use technology. This hierarchical framing has been in continual contention with a competitive framing that views the problem as the marketability of technology. This thesis analyses historical and contemporary debates between these two framings of the problem of dual-use technology, focusing on the multilateral Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies. Using a framework of concepts from Science & Technology Studies and the theory of sociocultural viability, I analyse the Arrangement as a classiﬁcation system, where political, economic, and social debates are codiﬁed in the lists of controlled items, which then structure future debates. How a technology is (not) deﬁned, I argue, depends as much on the particular set of social relations in which the technology is enacted as on any tangible aspects the technology may have.
The hierarchical framing is currently hegemonic within Wassenaar, and I show how actors that express this framing use several strategies in resolving anomalies that arise concerning the classiﬁcation of dual-use technology. These strategies have had mixed success, and I show how they have adequately resolved some cases (e.g. quantum cryptography), while other areas have proved much more diﬃcult (e.g. focal plane arrays and computers). With the development of controls on intangible technology transfers, a third, egalitarian framing is arising, and I argue that initial steps have already been taken to incorporate this framing with the discourse on dual-use technology. However, the rise of this framing also calls into question the fundamental assumption of export controls that technology is excludable, and therefore deﬁnable.

Keywords: Wassenaar Arrangement
uncomfortable knowledge
dual-use technology
technological ambiguity
export controls
incompletely theorised agreements
anomalies
CoCom
wicked problems
Science and Technology Studies
cultural theory
Advisor: Rayner, S
Algorithms and numerical analysis in quantum computing

This dissertation delves into multiple facets of quantum computing and quantum algorithms from the perspective of an applied mathematician or numerical analyst and is segmented into four parts: 1. Efficient and Robust Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) Algorithms: The first part presents a suite of efficient and robust QPE algorithms, tailored for early fault-tolerant quantum devices in the sense that they (1) use a minimal number of ancilla qubits, (2) allow for inexact initial states with a significant residual, (3) achieve the Heisenberg limit for the total resource used, and (4) have a diminishing prefactor for the maximum circuit length when the residual approaches zero. 2. Advanced Hamiltonian Learning Techniques: The second part discusses two efficient algorithms that deal with the Hamiltonian learning problem for many-body Fermionic and Bosonic systems. 3. Block-encoding of Pseudo-Differential Operators: In the third chapter, the focus shifts to the development of novel algorithms for the encoding of pseudo-differential operators, enhancing the quantum computing toolkit with more explicit and effective block-encoding strategies. 4. Optimization algorithms for Variational Quantum Circuits: Concluding the dissertation, a reinforcement learning-based algorithm is presented, offering new avenues for solving the difficult optimization problem of variational circuits.

Keywords: Humanities and Sciences.
Mathematics.
Advisor: Ying Lexing
Candès Emmanuel J. (Emmanuel Jean)
Papanicolaou George
Algorithms for analyzing single-cell data in cancer

This dissertation addresses the need for advanced algorithmic tools for analyzing single-cell data in cancer biology. In the following chapters, I present a body of work describing the de- velopment and application of several innovative machine learning algorithms to the problem of identifying disease- and clinical outcome-associated cell populations in single-cell datasets. While these algorithms use a variety of distinct computational tools to accomplish this goal, each of them is specifically designed for the extraction of clinically useful information from this complex data type. In doing so, they leverage cross-disciplinary insights from biology, medicine, statistics, and computer science in order to analyze and integrate information from the single-cell, cell subpopulation, and whole-patient levels.

Keywords: Medicine.
Advisor: Nolan Garry P.
Chen Jonathan H.
Mackall Crystal
Plevritis Sylvia
Between Rhetoric and Reality: Examining the Impact of Populist Attitudes on Political Engagement in South Korea

Recently, populism has been on the rise in democratic countries such as South Korea where President Moon Jae-in has capitalized on deepening political polarization and employed populist tactics in order to garner popularity among specific groups of people. The growth of populism in one of the world’s strongest democracies is cause for concern as it is often thought to threaten the core characteristics of democracy such as mutual tolerance and institutional forbearance. However, populism centralizes on involving the “people” in deciding the fate of their sovereignty. It seems to mobilize people to participate in the political process to a certain extent, therefore, keeping some spirit of democracy. Thus, this project aims to conduct a study that tests whether populist sentiments are a threat to representative democracy in South Korea. Specifically, this study aims to determine the impact of the rise of populism at the onset of the Moon Jae-in administration on political engagement and democracy through regression analysis. The regression analyses reveal that the rise of populist sentiments coinciding with the election of Moon Jae-in led to a decrease in certain forms of political participation. However, the analyses also reveal a surprising increase in voting behavior. This unexpected finding challenges conventional narratives that populism necessarily erodes democratic participation. By studying the role of populist attitudes on political participation, this paper seeks to determine whether populism is necessarily negative for liberal democracy and shed light on the complexities of democratic backslide.

Keywords: Populism
Democracy
Political participation > Public opinion
Democratic backslide
Korea (South)
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Thesis
Beyond text : applying deep learning to signal data

Sequence modeling primitives have been responsible for breakthroughs across domains like natural language processing and genomics. Despite these advances, existing primitives still struggle to model the large class of signal data acquired from physical sensors. This data has unique characteristics that make it challenging to model: signal data resolution affects the training and generalization of models, signal data is sampled at high rates, resulting in dense data with long-range dependencies, and signal data is highly diverse, with application areas including healthcare, video processing, and industrial sensing. All of these properties raise the bar for universal approaches to modeling this data. This thesis develops a new set of approaches for modeling signal data using state space models. First, we introduce a sequence model called S4 that serves as a general building block for modeling signal data. Second, we generalize this modeling layer to multidimensional signals like images and videos, yielding the first state-of-the-art signal model on large-scale benchmarks such as ImageNet. Incorporating S4 into a multiscale architecture makes it possible to model extremely long sequences of audio, including on a previously unsolved task involving unconditional autoregressive generation of raw audio samples. Finally, we demonstrate the widespread applicability of our approach to a variety of signal data, including a real-world application involving impedance sensor data used in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Taken together, this new set of approaches provides a universal and versatile set of primitives for modeling diverse, multidimensional signals.

Keywords: Engineering.
Advisor: Ré Christopher
Fatahalian Kayvon
Liang Percy
Beyond the Collaborator Resistor Binary: Reinterpreting "Autumn Letter"

Literature from the Taiwanese colonial period has been largely seen through the collaborator resistor binary, which assigns value to resistance for furthering the national project.
My purpose is to see beyond the collaborator resistor binary and rediscover the obscured uncertainty and messy sentiments of this period. Zhu Dianren’s “Autumn Letter” is one such work that has been interpreted along these lines. Classical interpretations read “Autumn Letter” as resistance literature, anti-Japanese and pro-Qing. I propose an alternative reading of “Autumn Letter” that situates it in the greater context of the Japanese empire and thus understands it as an I-novel. Doing this allows one to shift the lens of analysis to focus on the self and reveals that Zhu’s main character Mr. Douwen is a satire of an old Qing scholar, and that Zhu does not support the Qing as a viable cultural model. However, Zhu’s support for Marxist ideology means that he cannot support the Japanese either. This leaves Taiwan with an uncertain future, and Mr. Douwen with carrying the burden of the struggle of his nation, which is not a teleological national goal but a quest for identity when trapped between two imperial powers.

Keywords: Taiwan
Zhu Dianren
Japanese colonies
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Thesis
Advisor: Lee Haiyan
Capillary-driven boiling and adsorptive water harvesting : enhancing water and energy efficiency in data center cooling

The dissertation explores advanced cooling technologies for data centers, focusing on capillary-driven two-phase micro-coolers and kinetically enhanced adsorptive water harvesters to address both heat and water management challenges. The study delves into the transport behaviors of capillary-driven boiling and the development of micro-coolers with three-dimensional manifolds, aiming for scalability and energy efficiency. It introduces random-packed copper inverse opals (CIO) as effective wick materials that enhance cooling by optimizing the critical heat flux and thermal resistance. Through semi-analytical modeling, experimental setups like the suspended micro-bridge, and computation fluid dynamics (CFS), the research analyzes steady-state boiling, critical heat flux, and the thermal transients of capillary-driven systems. Additionally, the thesis details the creation of large-area, chip-scale evaporative micro-coolers using CIO films, demonstrating their ability to handle high heat fluxes efficiently while minimizing energy consumption. The interaction between wick structures, manifold designs, and operational conditions such as flow rates is examined to optimize micro-cooler performance. The study also investigates the integration of fluidized metal-organic frameworks (MOF-303) for water harvesting using waste heat from data centers, enhancing the sustainability of cooling processes. This approach not only conserves water but also leverages thermal outputs for additional environmental benefits, illustrating the potential of combined energy and water management strategies in improving data center sustainability.

Keywords: Engineering.
Mechanical Engineering.
Advisor: Goodson Kenneth E.
Gu Wendy (Professor of mechanical engineering)
Santiago Juan G.
Chemotaxis to microbial and plant-derived chemicals by C. elegans nematodes and its dependence on feeding state

Throughout history, humans have relied on plants for medication, flavoring, and food, and these plants have also coexisted in ecological communities with other plants, fungi, and animals for millions of years, evolving mechanisms of chemical communication. They release wide arrays of compounds into the environment, affecting animal and microbe behavior. Nematodes, like Caenorhabditis elegans, living in such communities must distinguish harmful from beneficial molecules. In this thesis, I present first a new platform we used to determine the chemotaxis valence of single molecules in C. elegans. In a screen of 90 plant molecules, 37 affected wild-type animals. Analysis of mutants defective in chemosensory ion channels reveals that most compounds relied on multiple ion channels, and chemotaxis valence is more likely to reflect an integration of neural signals than a labeled line. Using this platform, I further examined whether the biosynthetic precursors of natural products could also elicit responses, possibly as a co-evolutionary remnant. Many organisms, including plants and fungi, synthesize the strong attractants isoamyl alcohol and 2-methyl-1-butanol, and, when well-fed, wild-type and mutant nematodes exhibited weak or absent responses to precursor molecules, suggesting that they could be detected but were not particularly motivating. Following prolonged starvation, chemotactic responses were altered in two primary ways: responsiveness decreased to both strong attractants, and a new sensitivity to a precursor compound reliant on OSM-9 TRP channel signaling was revealed. These data also provided additional support for neural signal integration of chemosensory cues. Future studies will be needed to understand how starvation induces these changes in chemosensory behavior and signal integration. Understanding these dynamics sheds light on complex community interactions.

Keywords: Medicine.
Advisor: Goodman Miriam Beth
Clandinin Thomas R. (Thomas Robert)
O'Brien Lucy Erin
O'Connell Lauren A.
City of skulls : art, ritual, and the afterlife in early modern Naples

"City of Skulls" explores the visual culture of death in early modern Naples, examining art, architecture, devotional texts, and ritual objects to reconstruct what anthropologists and social geographers call a "deathscape." During the period considered, Naples endured volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, popular revolt, and plague. As the city's crypts filled with corpses, its inhabitants were bombarded with evidence of human frailty. The seventeenth century is especially dense in morbid art for a study of Neapolitan death culture. This study is composed as three sets of two chapters. The first pair considers the death of an individual, introducing the notion of "the good death" (ben morire) and examining the translation of ben morire devotional practices to a sculptural format. The next pair exposes a surprising overlap between the fields of religious history and environmental humanities, together arguing that the omnipresence of volcanic activity intensified religious imagination of the underworld. The final two chapters consider the burial practices that took hold in an increasingly urbanized Naples, when construction of new buildings and roads supplanted the traditional courtyard cemetery. The Neapolitans found their solution in the subsoil, and there they made space for the practical and spiritual matters of death—that is, burial as well as commemoration through art and ritual.

Keywords: Humanities and Sciences.
Art and Art History.
Advisor: Barry Fabio
Lugli Emanuele
Findlen Paula
Computational tools for structure-guided drug discovery

Most drugs function by binding to proteins and modulating their function. Computational methods that model the atomic interactions between drug molecules and proteins promise to greatly accelerate drug discovery. This work discusses the application and development of several computational methods, involving molecular simulations and machine learning, for understanding and designing novel therapeutics. First, we apply atomic-level simulations to investigate mechanisms that contribute to drug selectivity and avoid undesired side-effects. We reveal the structural basis for the selectivity of a long-studied Schizophrenia drug between structurally similar muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. We validate this mechanism experimentally through mutagenesis and use it to design molecules with altered selectivity profiles. Second, we develop a series of methods that use machine learning to assist in structure-guided drug design. Using the three-dimensional structure of a target protein, these methods aim to generate novel and diverse drug-like molecules that bind to the target. We compare several approaches, including a fragment-based approach specifically designed to incorporate chemical intuition. Third, we investigate new molecular mechanisms by which drug molecules can modulate the signaling of G-protein coupled receptors. Using atomic-level simulations, we found that certain ligands can trigger activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 by directly rearranging an intracellular loop that interacts with G-proteins. We further supported this non-canonical mechanism through targeted mutagenesis; specific mutations which disrupt interactions with the intracellular loop convert these agonists into inverse agonists in in vitro experiments. This work highlights how computational tools, combined with complementary experimental methods, can accelerating drug discovery by elucidating molecular mechanisms as well as directly facilitating structure-guided drug design.

Keywords: Humanities and Sciences.
Chemistry.
Advisor: Dror Ron
Boxer Steven G. (Steven George)
Cui Bianxiao