VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Aspects of modelling solid tumours

This thesis considers aspects of modelling solid tumours. We begin by considering the common assumption that nutrient or drug concentrations in avascular tumour spheroids are radially symmetric. We derive a simple Poisson equation for biomolecular diffusion into an avascular tumour, but with highly oscillatory boundary conditions due to the surrounding capillary network. We find that the assumption of radial symmetry is legitimate for biomolecules that are taken up in sufficient quantities by proliferating cancer cells; however radially symmetric profiles need not be observed otherwise.
We then investigate how the gap between an avascular tumour and the neighbouring vasculature varies as the tumour grows. This is explored by (i) using scaling arguments based on ordinary differential equations, (ii) coupling the rate of oxygen flux from the vasculature to oxygen evolution within the tumour, and (iii) deriving a system of six coupled non-linear partial differential equations modelling the tumour evolution. It is found that as the tumour grows any initial gap between the tumour and neighbouring vasculature closes since there is no mechanism which would sufficiently up-regulate non-cancerous cell proliferation. This is in contrast to the intra-cornea implantation observations, upon which several mathematical models are based.
Finally, we study the growth and treatment of a vascular tumour subjected to chemotherapies, particularly when the therapies can exhibit an anti-angiogenic effect and resistance to the therapy is incorporated. A multi-compartment model is derived for the evolution of a tumour undergoing treatment and parameters are estimated, with extensions to incorporate numerous different therapy protocols in the literature. We find that anti-angiogens can be effective, though the appropriate scheduling is counter-intuative and contradicts many standard therapy rules. We conclude that chemotherapy protocol design is very sensitive to the mode of action of the drug and simple general strategies will, in many cases, not be the most effective.

Keywords: Cancer
tumours
chemotherapy
angiogenesis
Advisor: Maini, P
Gaffney, E
Investigations of open-shell open-shell interactions

This thesis details research undertaken in the investigation of the open-shell open-shell Van der Waals complexes between nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O2) and between nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and oxygen (O
2 ).
The Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy technique was used during the experimental work. Spectra were recorded for a mixture of NO and O2 over the frequency range 7.0 to 18.2 GHz. Detailed ab initio calculations have been performed on the potential energy surface of both NO-O2 and NO2-O2 using Multi-reference Rayleigh Schrodinger Second Order Perturbation Theory. These calculations were performed for the four distinct states of NO-O2, 2A", 4A", 2A' and 4A', and for the two distinct states of NO,sub>2
-O2, 2A and 4A. Predicted rotational spectra have been generated by modelling the systems with a rigid-rotor Hamiltonians. The effective Hamiltonians included the rotational Hamiltonian, ℋrot, fine structure terms and hyperfine structure terms. It was not possible, for rationalizable reasons, to fit the predicted spectra for NO-O2 to the experimental observations.
Experimental details, calculation methods and rotational theory are discussed in the main body of the thesis. Predicted spectra, relevant calculations and other data is presented in the appendices.

Advisor: Howard, B
Some twentieth-century Christian interpretations of liberal political thought

A study of Christian interpretations of liberalism is important for social theology for two reasons: first, liberalism is the dominant political ideology of modernity, and (especially in the form "liberal democracy") is the most prominent form of public self-definition in the West, its claims often being taken to be self-evidently true. Second, liberalism is historically indebted to Christianity, and the two are susceptible of mutual confusion. A critical theological analysis of liberalism is necessary to ensure the authentically Christian nature of contemporary political theology.
This analysis is conducted principally through a discussion of the criticisms of liberalism made by three Christian thinkers of the twentieth century, the American Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971), the French Jacques Maritain (1882-1973), and the Canadian George Grant (1918-1988).
After an introductory chapter, chapter two presents an interpretation of liberalism, mapping the historical contours and varieties of liberalism from five liberal writers, and elaborating a loose framework of the conceptual structure of liberal thought. Chapter three examines Reinhold Niebuhr's criticisms of liberalism's alleged facile progressivism and optimistic conceptions of human nature and reason, and chapter four looks at George Grant's claim that John Rawls' liberal theory fails to provide the ontological affirmations necessary to defend human beings and liberal values against the dynamics of technology. Jacques Maritain's account of pluralism and the ideal of the secular state, and the contribution he can make to the current debate between liberals and communitarians, are the subjects of chapter five, while chapter six attempts to secure some theological purchase on the issues of Bills of Rights, judicial review, and the constitutional restraint of democratic majorities, with special reference to the British context. In the concluding chapter it is argued that the liberal account of justice is impossible to realize, and that central insights must be borrowed from the Augustinian tradition.
The pre-Conquest charters of Christ Church, Canterbury

This thesis comprises a study of all the records of the archbishop and chapter of Canterbury that purport to belong to the period before the Norman Conquest. The original plan had been to include a full diplomatic analysis of each document; but partly for reasons of space and partly because such a register makes heavy reading, it was decided that it could more usefully accompany the critical edition of the texts to which I hope to turn next. Instead the thesis is an attempt to throw light both on the charters and on the history of the church of Canterbury by studying them together. For in a period when our knowledge is severely restricted by lack of evidence, the study of diplomatic and of wider historical issues should not be divorced. Whilst it is true that diplomatic, like any academic discipline, can be self-defeating if its range of vision is too narrow, there is also a need if we are to understand our earliest English historical records for basic studies of Anglo-Saxon diplomatic using the principles and methods that have long been practised on the Continent.
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A study of the Arundel Society 1848-1897

This thesis gives, for the first time, a clear exposition of the activities of the Arundel Society (1848-1897). Founded to 'collect diligently and with discrimination the highest and best examples of Art and to bring them before hundreds of English minds' the presence of Aubrey Bezzi, Lord Lindsay, Edmund Oldfield, Samuel Rogers and John Ruskin on the Society's first council meant that the initial publication of engravings after two early Italian artists, Fra Angelico and Giotto, was unsurprising. After 1856, under the guidance of Henry Layard, the archaeologist and politician, the Society became even more firmly committed to copying and publishing frescoes of the early Renaissance. The council's aim in recording and publishing these endangered works of art was to educate the taste of the public and inspire artists to embark on programmes of mural decoration. The water-colours executed for the Society are discussed with particular reference to the reactions of the council, and of members and the press to the problem of their verisimilitude. About two-thirds of these copies were published as chromolithographs and the gains and liabilities of this initially very popular method of reproduction are examined. Other methods employed by the Society to publish fac-similies of classical and medieval ivories and reduced copies of the Elgin marbles are also discussed with general reference to Victorian attitudes towards reproductions. The penultimate chapter attempts to relate the prints and monographs published by the Society to the art historical scholarship of the period. It is shown that the council's publication of decorative quattrocento, provincial cinquecento and early Flemish and German artists was influenced by Henry Layard's preferences. His monographs for the Society are discussed and compared with the more scholarly, if diverse, contributions made by, among others, G. W. Kitchin, John Ruskin, George Scharf and Ralph Wornum. In the final chapter it is argued that the Society's loyalty to the tastes of the mid-century and to the process of chromolithography led to its dissolution.

Keywords: water-colours
monographs
Layard papers
prints
engravings
lithography
Arundel Society
Advisor: Haskell, F
The mathematics of foam

The aim of this thesis is to derive and solve mathematical models for the flow of liquid in a foam. A primary concern is to investigate how so-called Marangonistresses′(i.e.surfacetension∇ients),≥≠ratedforexamp≤bythepresenceofasurfactant,act→stabiliseafoam.Weaim→providethekeymicroscoπccompo≠ntsforfuturefoammodell∈g.Webeg∈bydescrib∈g∈detailthe∈fluenceofsurfacetension∇ientsona≥≠ralliquidflow,andvariousphysicalmechanismswhichcangiverise→such∇ients.Weapplythe⊨thusdevised→anexperimentalconfigurationdesig≠d→∈vestigateMarangonieffects.Nextweturnouraention→theflow∈theth∈liquidfilms(lamellae') which make up a foam. Our methodology is to simplify the field equations (e.g. the Navier-Stokes equations for the liquid) and free surface conditions using systematic asymptotic methods. The models so derived explain the `stiffening' effect of surfactants at free surfaces, which extends considerably the lifetime of a foam. Finally, we look at the macroscopic behaviour of foam using an ad-hoc averaging of the thin film models.
Social and political structures in the Maeander region of Western Asia Minor on the eve of the Turkish invasion

The thesis is a contribution to two of the crucial problems of middle Byzantine history: the social and political structure of the provinces, and the explanation of the rapid fall of Asia Minor to the Turks at the end of the llth century. These problems are approached through a study of the Maeander region of western Asia Minor.Part one describes the geography of the region and shows it to have been a naturally fertile area, of great potential importance to the Empire. In the Roman period it had been very prosperous; the subsequent decline cannot be explained by geological or climatic factors.
Part two surveys the archaeological evidence. The ancient city sites remained occupied at a sometimes very low cultural level through the early (7th -8th century) and middle (9th-llth century) Byzantine periods. A general move of settlements to apparently more secure sites with natural defences did not take place until the 12th-13th centuries in the face of the Turks. Up to the end of the llth century the city sites remained the focus of what was most active in the provincial society of the Maeander region.
Part three looks at the region's elites. The strategoi and judges who ruled the theme of the Thrakesioi, which makes up the western two-thirds of the region, were outsiders appointed by the Imperial government in Constantinople and only in the region on short term appointments. Several major figures at the Imperial court owned land in the region but only as absentee landlords. When crisis came between 1071 and 1080 these outsiders abandoned the Maeander to the Turks. The church played an important role, but the resident local elite were a comparatively humble group, isolated from Constantinople, and lacking the influence to force the Imperial government into defending their interests.
Abusive pricing policy for emerging economies: the case of excessive pricing and price predation in Latin America

For several years, the literature has discussed whether a country’s particular economic circumstances should be taken into account in competition law and policy design. This thesis discusses whether economic growth should be considered as the guiding principle for Latin American Emerging Economies’ competition law and policy design. It specifically explains why having economic growth as competition policy’s guiding principle makes a difference in choosing superior rules and standards, among the large range of efficient rules. In order to explain how economic growth as a guiding principle has an impact on competition policy design, this thesis studies whether the analysis and application of the prohibitions and standards of abuse of dominance in emerging Latin American economies are appropriate, and why, having regard to economic growth, a different approach might be justified. To engage in the study of such questions this thesis centres on the regulation of dominance and the law governing abuse of dominance, in particular on predatory pricing and excessive pricing. After a careful analysis of such institutions, an optimal rule for the regulation of pricing abuses in these emerging economies is proposed. Similarly, having regard to economic growth as the policy’s guiding principle, the mainstream standards on excessive pricing and price predation are evaluated and a different approach is found to be justified. It is concluded that economic growth should be the principle guiding Latin American emerging economies’ competition law and policy design and it is demonstrated that this will grant these economies policy soundness and identity.

Keywords: abuse of dominance
abusive pricing
emerging economies
price predation
competition law
economic growth
Advisor: Weatherill, S
Semantic pluralism

This thesis defends Semantic Pluralism, the view that sentences express sets of propositions in context. It puts forward two arguments against Contextualism, the main opposing view, on which each sentence expresses exactly one proposition in context. It spells out two versions of Pluralism: Flexible Pluralism, which takes most sentences to be context-sensitive, and Strong Pluralism, which denies that context-sensitivity is widespread. And it defends Flexible Pluralism and Strong Pluralism from a number of objections.

Keywords: Semantic Pluralism
Context-sensitivity
Semantics
Advisor: Dorr, C
Optimal control of vehicle systems

This thesis studies the optimal control of vehicular systems, focusing on the solution of minimum-lap-time problems for a Formula 1 car. The basic optimal control theory is summarised as an infinite-dimensional extension of optimisation theory. The relevant numerical techniques for optimisation and integral approximation are compared in view of the application to vehicle systems.
The classical brachistochrone problem is revisited from an optimal control perspective, with two vehicle-relevant generalisations. Closed-form solutions are derived for both the optimal trajectory and transit time. Problems involving a steerable disc rolling on the interior surface of a hemisphere are studied. For three-dimensional problems of this type, which involve rolling bodies and nonholonomic constraints, numerical solutions are used.
The identification of 3D race track models from measured GPS data is treated as a problem in the differential geometry of curves and surfaces. Curvilinear coordinates are adopted to facilitate optimal control solutions. The track is specified in terms of three displacement-dependent curvatures and two edge variables. The differential model is smoothed using numerical optimal control techniques. The Barcelona track is considered as an illustrative example.
The minimum-lap-time problem for a Formula 1 car on a flat track is solved using direct transcription. The driven line and multiple car setup parameters are optimised simultaneously. It is shown that significant lap-time reductions can be obtained from track-specific setup parameter optimisation. Reduced computing times are achieved using a combination of analytical derivatives, model non-dimensionalisation and problem scaling.
The optimal control of the car on a 3D track is studied; the results are compared with flat-track solutions. Contemporary kinetic energy-recovery systems are studied and compared with future hybrid kinetic-thermal energy-recovery systems. It is demonstrated that these systems can produce contemporary lap time using approximately two-thirds of the fuel required by present-day vehicles.

Keywords: vehicle modelling
optimisation
optimal control
Advisor: Limebeer, D
Lamaholot of East Flores: a study of a boundary community

Lamaholot is a population found on Flores and in the Solor Archipelago of Eastern Indonesia. The population is village-based and divided into patrilineal descent groups. Marriage is coupled with bridewealth and follows a pattern of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups. This thesis shows that a small group of Lamaholot in the administrative regency of East Flores shares certain traditions with a neighbouring population called Ata Tana ‘Ai. Ata Tana ‘Ai are a sub-group of the Sikka population in the administrative regency of Sikka. Descent group among Ata Tana ‘Ai are matrilineal and households were traditionally based in scattered gardens. Marriage is not coupled with bridewealth and instances of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups are here a consequence rather than a cause of marriage. The current fieldsite seems to have been part of the ceremonial system of Ata Tana ‘Ai and also to have shared a tradition of dispersed settlement in the gardens. The descent groups might initially have been matrilineal, but in the recent past there was also a habit of dividing children between the parental descent groups. Recent traditions of dividing children can be found throughout central-east Flores, but seemingly not to same extent as at the fieldsite. The payment of elephant’s tusks was a central feature in the acquisition of group members at the fieldsite and could be paid by both men and women. These payments were not necessarily tied to marriage and did not serve as bridewealth. In the last century outer social factors, such as the Catholic mission and the creation of the Dutch colonial state, have resulted in that many of the traditional practices at the fieldsite have been replaced with traditions from Lamaholot elsewhere. The residence pattern is now village-based, but gardens retain a central social and ritual position. The role of the elephant’s tusks has taken different expressions throughout this period of social change, and alongside the changing role of tusks, the traditional social and material authority of women at the fieldsite has declined, whereas that of men has increased. This thesis examines the current and the traditional practices in and around the fieldsite, and focuses on local definitions of descent group, kinship, and inheritance, looking at both biological and social perspectives.

Keywords: social structure
Flores
Lamaholot
Eastern Indonesia
ethnology
Indonesia
anthropology
East Flores
Southeast Asia
kinship
Advisor: Barnes, R
Sleep and sleep timing in relation to light and emotional processing

Sleep is a complex process: the timing of sleep is regulated by two systems (the sleep homeostat and the circadian clock) and there are many potential functions of sleep. The aim of this thesis was to investigate: the impact of light on the regulation of sleep timing (study 1) and the role of sleep in emotional processing (study 2).
Study 1 used natural variations in environmental light levels at different geographical locations, to examine the influence of daily light irradiance on sleep timing and chronotype using the Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ). 6443 students were included in this study from six universities from the northern and southern hemispheres. Students in southern hemisphere cities had earlier sleep timings than those in the northern cities. Daily irradiance was higher in the southern hemisphere cities. The amount of time spent outside, age and sex, but not daily irradiance, influenced sleep timings.
Study 2 explored the impact of an analogue traumatic event (trauma film) in students who were either sleep deprived or not sleep deprived on intrusive memories ("flashbacks"), sleep physiology and the impact of an increased risk of a mood disorder on this relationship. In this study the sleep deprived participants (n=19) reported fewer intrusive memories to the trauma film than those not sleep deprived (n=22). A change in sleep physiology was observed in the first sleep period following the trauma film, which was more pronounced in the sleep deprived group: increased levels of arousal, REM density and activity in the occipital region. Only three participants at-risk of a mood disorder completed study 2: their data are presented as case studies.
In conclusion this research has demonstrated that differences in sleep timings exist between cities in the southern and northern hemispheres and has confirmed that many factors can influence sleep timing. It has also been demonstrated that following a highly emotional event not sleeping may have a beneficial effect, which has implications for the treatment of people after trauma.

Keywords: emotion
sleep
sleep deprivation
intrusive memories
chronotype
Advisor: Foster, R
The micromechanisms of fracture in metal matrix composites

The effects of systematic variations in the size and volume fraction of reinforcing phase on the mechanical properties of and fracture processes in silicon carbide particlereinforced aluminium matrix composites have been studied.
Tensile tests to failure have been performed to determine the mechanical properties of the composites. A simple model has been proposed for this behaviour.
The micromechanisms of fracture have been investigated by a combination of fractographic and dynamic techniques. Matched fracture halves have been obtained from the composites and the fracture processes elucidated. Fracture proceeded by a ductile void nucleation, growth and coalescence mechanism. Void nucleation occurred at the reinforcing phase, with a change in nucleation mechanism on varying the micrstructural parameters. A simple critical stress criterion has been proposed for the nucleation process. Support for this proposal has been obtained by the study of sections through the failed tensile specimens.
In situ scanning electron microscopy fracture studies have been performed. These revealed void nucleation before the onset of macroscopic cracking. Crack propagation has been shown to occur by the concurrent formation of microcracks ahead of the crack tip and failure of the joining matrix ligaments. The magnitude of matrix deformation has been shown to determine the extent of microcracking.
Acoustic emissions have been monitored during tensile straining. Void nucleation events have been recorded from the onset of plastic deformation and continuing throughout the plastic régime until final failure. The suppression of void coalescence by the constaint imposed on matrix flow by rigidly-bonded interfaces has been proposed to account for the extended void growth in materials containing fractured particles. The importance of the local values of the microstructural parameters on the far-field strain at nucleation has been shown.