VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The ends of collage
Keywords: Sherrie Levine
Rene Magritte
John Stezaker
collage
pictures generation
Max Ernst

The Ends of Collage is an attempt to reflect on the physical place where collage fulfils its calling and distinguishes itself from other forms of artistic making. The ends, or edges of a collage mark the sites of interaction where one piece of paper – picture, surface or text – is juxtaposed with another. Yet the notion of ‘ends’ in this context also implies a historical paradigm, one that considers collage as part of a particular period in time which I argue to have emerged in the first decade of the twentieth century and came to a close in the late 1970s with the emergence of a new material, technological and ideological reality that constituted the dawn of the digital age as well as the Postmodern moment. These abovementioned formal and historical paradigms are joined in this thesis in order to serve as the principal prism through which I examine the work of four artists who adopted collage into their practice as a fundamental question to guide their artistic pursuits.
Following an introductory chapter itself titled ‘The Ends of Collage’, the first of five main chapters surveys the many definitions that have mapped the activity of collage so far. The second concerns a group of works from 1919-23 by the German artist Max Ernst known as ‘seamless collages’, so-called due to the absence of physical evidence that testifies to their making. Chapter three explores a group of works from 1927-30 by the Belgian artist René Magritte that transpose collage directly into the medium of painting, with paradoxical effect. Chapter four is concerned with the early work of the American artist Sherrie Levine from 1973-80, particularly her engagement with pre-modern practices associated primarily with women and still regarded as detached from art history per se. Chapter five addresses the work of the British artist John Stezaker from the years 1970-78, and his development of the term ‘photo-collage’ to distinguish his work from that of Dada and Surrealist predecessors.
Those chapters in their turn are bounded by two edited conversations, titled ‘Ends I’ and ‘Ends II’ respectively, between myself and artists Richard Prince, Linder Sterling, John Stezaker and theorist David Campany, conducted in the course of several curatorial projects undertaken in parallel with this research. Further Appendices are provided.
Role of CD1a-restricted T cells in the immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus
Keywords: Sphingomyelinase
Staphylococcus aureus
CD1a

CD1a has been demonstrated to contribute to anti-bacterial immune responses by presenting lipid antigens to T cells. Skin Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization has been documented to be strongly associated with the severity of skin inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD). However, there have been limited studies of how the bacterial colonization contributes to pathology and exacerbation of disease.
Here, we investigate the involvement of a S. aureus exotoxin, sphingomyelinase (SMase), in regulating T cell immune responses via CD1a. We show that SMase enzymatic activity plays an essential role in CD1a-reactive T cell activation in both peripheral blood and skin, leading to production of inflammatory cytokines, including IFNγ, IL-17A, and IL-22. These findings support the possibility that the ceramide product of SMase may serve as a permissive lipid neoantigen and that SMase may reduce the non-permissive effects of sphingomyelin. Patients with atopic dermatitis had reduced CD1a-dependent IFNγ responses to SMase compared to healthy controls.
The generation of CD1a-reactive SMase-specific T cell lines and clones facilitated the further study of mechanisms underlying CD1a antigen presentation, including the novel identification of a Vγ9/Vδ2 CD1a-autoreactive T cell clone which expanded our understanding of CD1a-reactive T cell repertoire and potential pathways of gamma-delta T cell activation. The work also identified that CD1a may be a marker of activation of peripheral T cells.
In conclusion, we have discovered a previously unrecognized pathway of inflammation where SMase derived from S. aureus can modulate CD1a ligands which are presented to lipid-specific T cells.
Palestinian evangelicals and global evangelicalism
Keywords: Israel-Palestine
Transnational Religion
Religious Networks
short term mission
Palestinian Christianity
Power
Christian Zionism
ethnographic portraits
Ethnography
Ethnography of Encounter
Pilgrimage
Hillsong
Theologically engaged Anthropology
Middle East
Tourism
Nazareth
Talal Asad
Global Christianity
Evangelicalism
Arab Israeli
Middle Eastern Christianity
Religion
Christianity
Globalisation

The major concern of this thesis lies in the role of power in the negotiation of evangelical ‘orthodoxy’ in theology and practice within global evangelicalism. To investigate this question, I examine how the minority of Palestinian evangelicals in Israel-Palestine make sense of both their belonging to a ‘global’ evangelical faith community, as well as to the Israeli State, which the majority of evangelicals support uncritically. Palestinian evangelicals are an anomaly in a context in which many dispensationalist and Christian Zionist evangelicals understand the State of Israel as being divinely ordained for the ‘Jewish people’. The data which this thesis draws on was collected over nine months of immersive ethnographic fieldwork in Israel-Palestine, with a focus on Nazareth (between 2015 and 2016), as well as two years of textual research. The analysis focuses on the dynamics of encounters across difference (physical, and in media and text) between Palestinian evangelicals and predominantly North American and European evangelical visitors in Israel-Palestine, paying attention to processes of adaptation, mimicry, representation, curation, and resistance. The thesis explores the diverse subject-making of Palestinian evangelicals in light of dominant theological ideas and practices concerning Israel, as well as the context of Israel-Palestine itself. It examines how dominant evangelical theologies of Israel are curated and performed, for example in a living history museum of the first century, and the role of Palestinian evangelicals in these performances. It further explores how dominant theologies are resisted as cultural hegemony. Considering ‘Israel’ as both evangelical imagination as well as everyday reality for Palestinian evangelicals, the thesis discusses how the dimensions of ‘local’ and ‘global’ are imagined, co-produced, and circulated within global evangelicalism. Finally, the thesis demonstrates the unequal access to shaping ‘global’ evangelicalism between differently resourced evangelicals.
Die Komposition der poetischen Welt
Keywords: ms. fr. 12561
f. 1v-74v
Bodleian Libr.
Mss.h.h.VII.81
Pierre de Provence et la belle Maguelonne
London
Ms. 4
Landesbibl.
Jena
Ponthus et Sidoine
Berne
Pontus und Sidonia
Krakau
Oxford
Burgerbibl.
Early Modern Prose Novel
Paris
L’histoire du noble Clamades
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Ms. Lyell 48
Coburg
Magelone
Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibl.
Berol. mgq 157
Rés-Y2-151
Ms. Jena El. f. 99
Cleomadés
British Libr.
Bibl. Jagiellońska
Space
Cleomades
Comparative Studies
Bern
f. 44r-120r
Medieval German
Ms. El. f. 97
G. 10504
Ms. Jena El. f. 98
Translation French German

The Composition of the Poetic World: An Analysis of the Spatial Configurations in the Late Medieval Prose Novels Pontus und Sidonia, Magelone and Clamades. Supplemented with a German Edition of the Clamades Fragment
This thesis demonstrates the productivity of spatial configurations within the three late medieval prose novels Pontus und Sidonia, Magelone and Clamades. The Clamades fragment (ca. 1496; stored in the Burgerbibliothek of Berne), which has survived as a mere four-page manuscript due to its complex transmission process, is the starting point for this project. Despite its shortness, it exhibits idiosyncracies such as a conspicuous concentration of toponyms. In order to take account of this particularity and to contextualise the fragment, an alternative methodological approach was established here. This new method focuses on the spatial composition of the poetical world to fill the gaps in the fragmentary transmission.
In order to reconstruct the lost manuscript pages of the Clamades fragment (cf. chapters 6 and 7) two other late medieval prose novels from the second half of the fifteenth century have been added to the study’s corpus and have been analysed in the same manner: Pontus und Sidonia (cf. chapters 2 and 3) and Magelone (cf. chapters 4 and 5). Even though both novels have already been discussed individually by scholars, this doctoral thesis offers a valuable new contribution to the research field by comparing them with each other and with the underresearched Clamandes through a spatial and comparative lens (interlingual: French–German / intermedial: manuscript–print). Indeed, each spatial analysis is followed by a comparative discussion of the French source text and its German target text, since all three prose novels are based on French models (cf. chapters 3, 5 and 6). With that in mind, theses prose novels have been reassessed as complex and independent redactions of literary writings at the end of the Middle Ages.
Collective twitching motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its evolutionary consequences
Keywords: Cell tracking
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Active nematics
Collective motility

From schools of ﬁsh to ﬂocks of birds and herds of wildebeest, the movements of many organisms are characterised by emergent phenomena known as collective movements. These complex group-level behaviours result from simple interactions between individuals. To the naked eye, bacterial colonies appear to be static structures. It might be hard to believe then that collective movements could have any relevance for microbial life. Yet at the microscopic level, many of the same collective phenomena also emerge within microbial systems. In this thesis, I study the collective movements of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in growing colonies. P. aeruginosa crawls over surfaces by employing twitching motility, utilizing hair-like ﬁlaments known as Type-IV Pili to pull itself forwards. Through a combination of novel experimental and theoretical approaches, as well as a novel cell-tracking package called FAST, I demonstrate that cells at the edge of P. aeruginosa colonies form an active nematic. This class of active matter is characterised by higher-order structures known as topological defects, points where cells with diﬀering orientations meet one another. Two types of defect exist in active nematics: comets and trefoils.
Characterisation of a mutant that lacks the pilH gene, a key regulator of twitching motility, reveals that it moves much more quickly than the wild-type. Intuitively, it might be expected that this faster single-cell movement would translate into an increased rate of migration into new territory by the ∆pilH cell type. However, experiments reveal that the wild-type is able to collectively migrate much more quickly than ∆pilH, allowing it to outcompete the mutant in mixed colonies. This disconnect between single-cell and collective behaviours is shown to be caused by a mechanism related to the system’s status as an active nematic. In the ﬁrst stage, topological defects organise the segregation of the two populations, with wild-type cells accumulating at trefoil defects and ∆pilH cells accumulating at comet defects. Collisions between the ∆pilH-enriched comets then cause the cells inside to rotate vertically, trapping them in place and preventing their migration to the colony edge. Wild-type cells avoid this phenomenon by moving slowly and prudently, allowing them to collectively migrate at a much faster rate than ∆pilH. Together, these results demonstrate the intimate interplay between collective motility and evolutionary dynamics in bacterial communities.
Biosocial determinants of health outcomes: new approaches and evidence
Keywords: socio-genomics
ageing
health
life course

Health disparities among older adults are multifactorial. Risk factors are embedded from a matrix of biological, social, psychological, and contextual exposures, accumulated across the life trajectory. Sociologists have to date almost exclusively focused on the social aspects of health and overlooked biological and genetic potential, leading to estimation bias of social factors. Moreover, the majority of research examining the link between health and socioeconomic status (SES) seldom presents a causal inference. A knowledge gap also exists between the West and China. While there is a well-established relationship between SES and health among older people in Western societies, the SES-health gradient has not yet been established in different social and historical context.
The three independent essays in this thesis adopts a biosocial approach integrating life course perspective and fundamental causes theory, in order to bridge the disjointed knowledge on contextual, social and biological influences on health, measured by objective indicators of biomarkers and cognitive ability. I use data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from the US to tackle the following three research questions:1) How do macro level contextual factors and individual socioeconomic status influence health in China? 2) Is the well-established relationship between socioeconomic status and health causal? 3) How do genetic factors moderate demographic and socio-economic effects on the decline of cognitive functions? The key findings are: first, the individual level SES-health link is consistent across China and the U.S among the older population. Provincial variations in economic development, income inequality, and health infrastructure are associated with a range of health outcomes for Chinese midlife and older adults. Second, genetic risk score helps to identify a causal educational effect on health. Third, the genetic effect of education changes with age and across cognitive domains among the HRS sample.
Novel leading edge film cooling experiments and geometries
Keywords: Infrared thermography
Turbines
Nozzle guide vanes
Heat transfer

The continuing rapid growth of civil aviation and the associated greenhouse gas emissions necessitate further reduction of gas turbine engine specific fuel consumption. Since the use of high pressure compressor bleed air to cool combustor and turbine components is parasitic to engine efficiency, one of the key drivers of this progress is the ongoing improvement of the efficiency with which the coolant air is used. Because it is exposed to the undiluted and highly turbulent combustor outlet gases, the leading edge of the nozzle guide vane requires a sizeable proportion of the overall turbine coolant. Moreover, the low mainstream flow momentum in the leading edge stagnation region means that film coolant jets are highly prone to lift off of the surface, so are often poorly utilised. This study investigates the performance of this film coolant both experimentally and computationally, and proposes a novel film cooling geometry in which jets initially travel against the mainstream flow before crossing the geometric stagnation line. This is shown to achieve vastly more effective film coolant usage near the stagnation line than can conventional designs, without compromising performance farther downstream on the vane surface. Additionally, the importance of combustor dilution port flows in determining the performance of conventional leading edge film cooling designs is quantified, as is the importance of infrared calibrations which take into account temperature inhomogeneities which can occur in advanced aerothermal experimental apparatuses. A novel infrared thermography technique has been developed for determining both of the ubiquitous film cooling performance parameters in a single experiment, where usually two are required. Also proposed is a leading edge coolant supply passage geometric modification which reduces the risk of destructive ingestion of hot combustion gases into film cooling holes. This innovation is also conducive to the improvement of gas turbine engine efficiency, primarily through its potential to facilitate reduced parasitic combustor pressure losses.
'Stuck like glue': assessing variability in hafting adhesives in the southern African Later Stone Age
Keywords: archaeological chemistry
Later Stone Age
southern Africa
adhesive
hafting

The characterisation of hafting adhesives, the glue of composite tools, by chemical analysis and microscopy provides a means by which we may evaluate these plastic components of technologies; reliable systems that have allowed members of our species to exist in dynamic environments and exploit a variety of resources. In southern Africa, the well-preserved assemblages of the Later Stone Age present a unique opportunity to evaluate the raw material sources of these adhesives. This thesis highlights the findings of the first multi-site study of hafting adhesives from the Holocene assemblages. The results a multi-method microscopic and chemical analysis suggest there is evidence to support variations in adhesive sources between ecological biomes and through time, with a dominance in compound adhesives found at the case study sites. The analyses of material from Sehonghong (Lesotho, Grassland) suggests a transition to the use of non-local adhesive materials among the last hunter-gatherer populations of the site. Evidence from Melkhoutboom in the Thicket Biome highlights the longstanding use of conifer pitch throughout the Holocene, while isolated hafted implements recovered from coastal caves further west along the southernmost coastline indicate a continued use of the same manufactured product into the Forest biome. From the Late Holocene assemblages at Boomplaas and Renbaan in the Fynbos, we see a diversification of resources; latex exudates from the Euphorbia and Ammocharis genus were identified at Boomplaas, while a hitherto unknown composite adhesive recipe composed predominantly of animal products and inorganic minerals was found at the Oliphant’s River valley site of Renbaan. The current and novel adhesive recipes identified within these datasets highlights the inherent value of the adhesive components themselves and provides insight into the nature of these plastic technologies, the narrative of adhesive manufacture in southern Africa, and current archaeological discussion in this region.
Mitigating marine megafauna captures in fisheries
Keywords: Bycatch
Natural resource management
Turtles
Fisheries

The most widely applied decision-making process for balancing the trade-offs between conservation and development activities is the biodiversity mitigation process, implemented using environmental impact assessment supported by a conceptual ‘mitigation hierarchy’ framework. Yet to date, the exploration of the biodiversity mitigation process to the primary resource sectors has not been widely investigated as a subject of study in conservation. In this thesis, I explore mitigating impacts from fisheries on marine megafauna, linking system-wide approaches with individual-level incentives in a unified framework.
The majority of this thesis focusses on a case study of sea turtle captures and mortalities in a coastal fishing community in Peru. A linked, but separate case study explores the application of the framework to all human impact on biodiversity more broadly. I begin at the broadest scale, by exploring challenges and solutions for a global mitigation hierarchy for nature conservation that could enable tracking of progress towards an agreed overarching objective, based on net conservation outcomes. The global framework research precedes an exploration of the biodiversity mitigation process in the case study coastal fishing system.
Throughout the fishery case study, I draw on established decision-making processes to better understand the conservation issue at hand and to develop an understanding of what is necessary to empirically calculate net outcomes in data-poor fishing systems using the proposed framework. The decision-making processes I employ include qualitative ecological risk assessment theory to assess the efficacy of current management systems, and a qualitative management strategy evaluation process to support consideration of trade-offs. I seek to further improve data gathering processes in data-poor fishing systems by applying the IDEA (“Investigate”, “Discuss”, “Estimate” and “Aggregate”) structured elicitation protocol to control for personal bias and heuristics when drawing on stakeholder knowledge. Finally, I characterise the social network of fishing-related information-sharing between fishers to inform understanding of social influences on decision making using network null models.
As humanity seeks to deliver nature conservation alongside development, broader perspectives on human impacts, and how best to mitigate them are needed. This research contributes to an important and timely dialogue that seeks to shift emphasis away from piecemeal actions that prevent biodiversity loss, and instead adopt a strategic and proactive approach to restoring nature that links broad scale concepts to locally tailored solutions.
Holistic education: its philosophical underpinnings and practical application
Keywords: Learner-centered education
Epistemology
personhood
Holistic education
Human-centered
Hegel
Rudolf Steiner
Maria Montessori
John MacMurray
Philosophy of Education
Absolute Idealists
Ofsted inspection
F. H. Bradley
Richard Pring
Aims of Education
Jiddu Krishnamurti
Ontology

The holistic education (HE) movement is loosely organised across the globe through organisational networks and particular schooling philosophies such as Montessori and Waldorf/Steiner. Movement actors define themselves in juxtaposition to what they see as public educational establishments with very different values. Given HE’s predisposition to emphasise many of the personal and social aspects of student growth that critics of mainstream schooling find lacking within the conventional education system, there has been a growing interest in ways to make these approaches more widely available within the state system.
This study begins by examining the philosophical underpinnings of the holistic worldview and its implications for education through an analysis of the work of the three main HE thinker/practitioners, Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner and Jiddu Krishnamurti. It goes on to examine how HE ideas parallel and can be understood through the lens of the absolute idealist framework in a way that allows for a more critical examination of holistic theory and practice. With regard to the aims of education, one of HE’s defining characteristics is the emphasis it places on the development of persons through the vehicle of community and relationships. The holistic philosophy affects the work of schools in five main areas: growth as a person, development of community, notions of authority and discipline, the development of knowledge and understanding (curriculum), and modes of teaching and assessment. All of these areas are examined in turn.
The study concludes with an examination of the challenges involved in implementing holistic principles and practices in a state school through a case study of an English secondary school which has been adopting a holistic model. The school’s experiences, including the results of a state inspection by Ofsted during its second year, provide some insight into the process for other schools wishing to adopt a holistic model; these include, the importance of working with a coherent theoretical framework including specific principles for practice, and of engaging in particular approaches to professional development. The school’s experience also demonstrates the need for changes to be made to the Ofsted inspection process if the government is serious about supporting schools adopting innovative approaches to education.