VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
A Normative Model of Professionalization: Implications for Business Ethics
Keywords: Essence of professionalization
Management professionalism

To say that there is a lack of consensus on the essence of professionalization is an understatement. For almost a hundred years, scholars have disagreed about the traits, attributes, processes, temporal sequences, and socio-historical structures that fundamentally define professions. My dissertation draws on an information theoretic framework to provide a novel analysis of the role of professions in society. According to my normative model, professions are trust-creating and trust-preserving institutional structures, which respond to market failures that arise due to information asymmetries in the market for professional services. Given the limitations on market-based and governmental solutions to information asymmetries, I argue that norms should be viewed as a fundamental transaction-cost minimizing professional governance mechanism. What are the moral obligations of the professional? The implicit morality of the market for professional services involves achieving the end of economic efficiency. Accordingly, professional moral obligations involve a set of deontic constraints that promote Pareto-efficiency in response to information asymmetries. After providing a conceptual framework that outlines the relation between professional and ordinary morality, I argue that social institutional roles sometimes permit, to a limited extent, what would otherwise be forbidden. Given certain institutional structures and safeguards, professional roles can, thus, be sui-generis sources of moral obligation. The culmination of my arguments about professions and professional morality is a contribution to the business ethics literature. Since the early twentieth century, scholars have argued over whether the managerial role may be theorized using the normative and theoretical trappings of the professions. A survey of the management literature reveals that an adequately nuanced analysis of the professions and the normative nature of professionalization has yet to be put forward. To fill this gap, I provide a normative model of management professionalization that is sensitive to the socially beneficial nature of professional work while avoiding glorified altruistic characterizations. I argue that managers in private economic entities are professionals, properly understood, since in addition to external market-oriented incentives, they typically appeal to internal, trust-creating norms to promote Pareto-efficiency within the firm. Professionalism thus involves following efficiency imperatives despite the prevalent moral hazard problems surrounding the managerial role.
Romantic Medicine and the Poetics of Palliation
Keywords: Romantic
medicine
poetry
palliation

This study uses the interdisciplinary lens of Romantic medical ethics to reconsider received ideas about the therapeutic power of Romantic poetry. Studies of literature and medicine in the long nineteenth century have generally considered disease the era’s main medical symbol; they have likewise considered holistic “healing” its major model for poetry’s therapeutic effect, following Geoffrey Hartman’s description of Wordsworth’s ability to “heal the wound of self.” Without denying the importance of these paradigms, my work explores alternate foci: pain instead of disease, and palliation instead of healing. In Britain, professional medical ethics were first codified during the Romantic period in response to a variety of medical and social advances. But because of Romantic medicine’s curative uncertainty and utilitarian intolerance for pain, its ethicists turned from cure to palliation to describe a doctor’s primary duty toward his patients. My study argues that this palliative ethic was taken up by Romantic literary writers to describe their own work. By engaging with contemporary medical ethics treatises such as John Gregory’s 1770 Lectures on the Duties and Qualifications of a Physician and Thomas Percival’s 1803 Medical Ethics, I explore four Romantic authors’ struggle to find an appropriate medical model for their work’s therapeutic benefits. Ultimately, all turned their attention from “healing the wound of self” to palliating the agonies of a world where, as Wordsworth writes, “suffering is permanent, obscure and dark.” Reading William Wordsworth, Mary Shelley, John Keats, and Thomas Lovell Beddoes through a palliative lens reveals a diversity of perspectives on the therapeutic potential of literary writing and challenges our received picture of their engagement with medical ideas: e.g. Wordsworth, hailed by Matthew Arnold for his “healing power,” found an alternate model for his poetry’s medical benefits, while Keats finally abandoned his early belief that the poet should be “physician to all men.” My study follows these four writers as they variously embrace, qualify, or outright reject the idea that literature could, as Keats had once hoped, “sooth the cares and lift the thoughts of man.”
The Antiphonary of Bangor and its Musical Implications
Keywords: Ireland
Liturgical Manuscript

Abstract This dissertation examines the hymns of the Antiphonary of Bangor (AB) (Antiphonarium Benchorense, Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana C. 5 inf.) and considers its musical implications in medieval Ireland. Neither an antiphonary in the true sense, with chants and verses for the Office, nor a book with the complete texts for the liturgy, the AB is a unique Irish manuscript. Dated from the late seventh-century, the AB is a collection of Latin hymns, prayers and texts attributed to the monastic community of Bangor in Northern Ireland. Given the scarcity of information pertaining to music in early Ireland, the AB is invaluable for its literary insights. Studied by liturgical, medieval, and Celtic scholars, and acknowledged as one of the few surviving sources of the Irish church, the manuscript reflects the influence of the wider Christian world. The hymns in particular show that this form of poetical expression was significant in early Christian Ireland and have made a contribution to the corpus of Latin literature. Prompted by an earlier hypothesis that the AB was a type of choirbook, the chapters move from these texts to consider the monastery of Bangor and the cultural context from which the manuscript emerges. As the Irish peregrini are known to have had an impact on the continent, and the AB was recovered in Bobbio, Italy, it is important to recognize the hymns not only in terms of monastic development, but what they reveal about music. In light of musical fragments recovered from the Schottenstift in Vienna, and its links with the Irish recruiting ground in Rosscarbery, County Cork another portion of Ireland’s past has become known. Only by looking back to the AB and piecing the evidence together can the significance of the recovery be fully appreciated. While there are more questions raised in this dissertation than can be answered, the AB is part of a larger history that intersects with the study of medieval music.
Accommodating the Animal: Domestication in Eighteenth-Century English Literature
Keywords: eighteenth-century literature
animal studies
domestication

Eighteenth-century English writers imagined domestication as the education of animals, as a mutually beneficial contract between species, as a form of cruelty and exploitation, and as an extension of hospitality. This study analyses how these diverse literary portrayals of domestication intersect and what they can tell us about eighteenth-century Britons’ conflicted and conflicting feelings about humans’ close relationships with creatures different from, and yet similar to, themselves. I argue that representations of domestication—as an improving or destructive, collaborative or coercive process—provide valuable insights into how eighteenth-century English writers and their readers positioned themselves in relation to animals and dealt with the challenges of “accommodating” or “making room” for animals within their houses and their communities. Each chapter focuses on a different depiction of domestication and the questions it raises about the extent of animals’ capabilities and proximity to humans. I begin with texts that present domestication in terms of education and, in so doing, suggest a link between animals and children. Chapter one examines natural histories and pedagogical treatises that separate animals’ ability to learn from their possession of reason; literary responses to the learned pig and its rumored talent at spelling; and fables and stories for children that entertain the possibility of interspecies collaboration in the classroom. In chapter two, using Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa as a case study, I trace how seemingly progressive representations of domestication as a contract which has the informed and voluntary consent of both parties can be used to legitimise oppressive treatment. In chapter three, I explore the connections drawn between domestication and hospitality—and between pets, menagerie animals, guests, and captives—in texts by Francis Coventry, Sarah Trimmer, William Cowper, Gilbert White, and others. The thesis concludes with a brief look at the continued relevance of eighteenth-century representations of domestication today.
Behavioural and Neural Correlates of Individual Differences in Episodic Memory
Keywords: memory
genetics

Episodic autobiographical memory (AM) refers to the real-life recollection of personal events that are contextually-bound to a particular time and place. Anecdotally, individuals differ widely in their ability to remember these types of experiences, yet little cognitive neuroscience research exists to support this idea. By contrast, there is a growing body of literature demonstrating that individual differences in episodic memory for laboratory experiences, intended to serve as a proxy for real life, are associated with brain-biomarkers. The present studies provide a starting point for exploring individual differences in the real-life expression of memory; which is more complex, multifaceted and has longer retention intervals, than laboratory memory (LM), thus allowing for the assessment of remote memory. While there are many factors that contribute to individual differences in episodic AM, the focus of this dissertation is on genetic influences. In particular, the KIBRA gene has been associated with episodic LM in a replicated genome-wide association study; T-carriers showing enhanced performance relative to individuals who lack this allele. The present series of studies explored the association of KIBRA with episodic AM. An ancillary goal was to clarify the association between KIBRA and episodic LM. Accordingly, in Chapter 2, episodic LM and AM were probed in a large sample of healthy adults in relation to KIBRA genotype. Next, in a subset of participants, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to explore KIBRA-dependent differences in hippocampal and medial temporal lobe (MTL) blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response (Chapter 3) and structure (Chapter 4). Akin to prior research, Chapter 2 showed that KIBRA is associated with episodic LM, albeit not on all measures. Moreover, a KIBRA association was observed for remote aspects of episodic AM on some measures. Chapter 3 showed mainly greater hippocampal and MTL cortex BOLD response in T-carriers relative to non-carriers during the recollection of both LM and AM. Moreover, during episodic AM, T-carriers showed a distinct pattern of hippocampal-neocortical connectivity. Finally, Chapter 4 showed that T-carriers have a larger cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus relative to non-carriers, suggesting a potential neural locus for the effects of KIBRA on episodic memory.
At Home in the Adirondacks: A Regional History of Indigenous and Euroamerican Interactions, 1776 - 1920
Keywords: First Nations
Native American
Iroquois
Algonquian
Abenaki
New York
borderlands
Quebec
Akwesasne
Odanak
environmental history
rural history
contact history
ethnically mixed
wilderness
hunting territory
family history
guiding
hunting
trapping
fishing
artefacts
frontier violence
boarding house
entrepreneur
class
performance
basket making
beadwork
acting
encampment
pageant
tourism
social history
microhistory
ethnohistory

This dissertation is a social history of Algonquian and Iroquoian people in the Adirondacks of New York State, a rural, borderlands region that shares geography and history with parts of Canada. My study is a microhistory that brings a local history into a larger national dialogue and debates about Indigenous people in colonial and nineteenth century North American history. It argues the Adirondacks have always been an indigenous homeland to Iroquoian and Algonquian peoples and that they contributed to the fabric of its culture there. It also examines and complicates the history of landscapes known as hunting territories or, as I have also called them, locations of exchange, defined as “a purposeful and occupied place where reciprocal acts occur, creating opportunities for entangled exchanges between people and the land.” These themes run throughout the thesis. My dissertation briefly investigates the pre-colonial relationship between Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking people with this place and then focuses on the entangled relationships that formed post-contact, over time, between Indigenous people and Euroamerican Adirondackers, as well as visiting urban sportsmen and tourists. My work examines nineteenth century relationships in the Northeast between men and women in both social and economic endeavours; it is also a history about labour, including performance. In addition to ethnicity, gender, and class, this study examines the nature of rural society in this time and place, to further complicate our understanding of Indigenous histories. I suggest that class relations and rural society are important lenses to view contact history during the nineteenth century and later, especially in the East where contact was longer and the trope of the “vanishing Indian” was privileged. Moreover, my dissertation demonstrates the ability and need to extend Native peoples’ history past the contact period in any historical narrative about place or culture in North America.
Taphonomy and Community Analysis of the Tulip Beds (Middle Cambrian, Series 3, Stage 5), Burgess Shale Formation of Mount Stephen, British Columbia
Keywords: Palaeoecology
Burgess Shale
Tulip Beds
Cambrian Explosion
Taphonomy
Walcott Quarry

The Cambrian (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale represents an exceptional window for examining the biodiversity and ecological structure of some of the earliest metazoan communities that evolved during the Cambrian explosion. Here the first description and quantitative analysis of the Tulip Beds locality (Campsite Cliff Shale Member, Burgess Shale Formation) on Mount Stephen in Yoho National Park is presented. Comparisons with the stratigraphically younger Walcott Quarry allow examinations of spatial and temporal patterns in the Burgess Shale biota. A comprehensive micro-scale analysis of fossiliferous layers revealed that the Tulip Beds was entirely composed of millimeter-laminated fine-grained event driven claystones. This depositional pattern is similar to the Walcott Quarry although a few distinctive thicker claystones and prominent carbonate interbeds occur in that section. The depositional environment of the Tulip Beds is interpreted as lower energy and more distal to the prominent Cathedral Escarpment iii than the Walcott Quarry. Despite such differences, both localities share a similar taphonomic history, and most of the assemblage is considered autochthonous or para-autochthonous. The Tulip Beds collection comprises almost 10,000 specimens representing 110 genera in at least ten phlya. Like the Walcott Quarry, the Tulip Beds is dominated by arthropod and sponge taxa, and both assemblages are mostly represented by epibenthic sessile suspension feeders. While the overall patterns of diversity and ecology are similar, these patterns diverge when examining relative abundances; the Walcott Quarry is dominated by arthropods, and the Tulip Beds by taxa of uncertain affinity. One of these taxa is Siphusauctum gregarium, an enigmatic stalked filter feeder unique to the Tulip Beds, representing one of the largest and most abundant taxa at this locality. Despite differences in abundance, the overall patterns suggest that the diversity and ecology of the Burgess Shale biota is maintained across local geographic and temporal scales.
Life Histories: Ontogeny, Phylogeny and Narrative Structure in the Modernist Bildungsroman
Keywords: Modernism
Bildungsroman
Narrative theory
Recapitulation theory
James Joyce
Aldous Huxley
Virginia Woolf
Edward Morgan Forster

This thesis offers new perspectives on the modernist bildungsroman, a genre currently enjoying much attention in Modernist Studies. Though modernist deformations of the Bildung plot are typically read symptomatically, I propose that in several cases these deformations are structural innovations reflecting contemporary discoveries in embryology, genetics and evolutionary theory. These discoveries offered models for exposing and subverting the bildungsroman’s historical (aesthetic, political, scientific, ideological) association with recapitulation—the theory that an individual’s development (ontogeny) replays the evolution of its species (phylogeny). Chapter One reads Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man as a clear example of a Bildung plot in which the traditional parallel between ontogeny and phylogeny is broken: Stephen Dedalus’s artistic maturation is obstructed by repeated returns to the personal, national, mythical and prehistoric past. Chapter Two considers Forster’s Howards End as a bildungsroman stretched beyond the realm of Bildung into that of genetic transmission. Exploiting Mendelism’s naturalization of atavism, Forster counters the genre’s inherited associations with recapitulation, progressivism and entropy. Chapter Three examines Aldous Huxley’s Eyeless in Gaza, a bildungsroman remarkable for its extreme anachronies. Huxley’s rewriting of the Bildung plot is informed by research, by his brother Julian and others, on the possibility of inducing metamorphosis in a strange amphibian, the axolotl, which usually fails to reach morphological adulthood. Chapter Four proposes Woolf’s Orlando as a missing link between the seemingly esoteric biological engagements of the three aforementioned novels and the organicist aesthetics that characterize modernist theories of the novel. Relating Orlando’s metafictionality to criticism by Henry James, Forster and others, I corroborate current attempts in Modernist Studies that read the bildungsroman as a privileged testing ground for modernist aesthetics, ethics, politics and historiography. Connecting the four chapters is the common strategy of decoupling individual development from historical change and celebrating some kind of anti-chronology that I call reversion; informed by new biological theories of growth and evolution, reversion is enacted formally through manipulations of temporal structure. Thus the modernist bildungsroman enlarges, with help from biology, the range of possible and acceptable developmental trajectories.
Roma letteraria in D'Annunzio, Moravia e Pasolini. Una lettura semiotica
Keywords: Pasolini
Rome
D'Annunzio
Moravia
Literary Rome
Rome and Literature

Nel "Il piacere" di Gabriele D’Annunzio, i "Racconti romani" di Alberto Moravia e "Ragazzi di vita" di Pier Paolo Pasolini, Roma si pone come ‘altro’ da un semplice scenario davanti al quale si svolge la narrazione. La città interloquisce con il lettore, contribuendo alla costruzione di una forma alternativa di discorso poetico e critico che si muove tra etica ed estetica, tra condizione esistenziale e percezione della forma. Questo studio mette a dialogo semiotica e critica letteraria. La città, la sua topografia e le sue forme architettoniche dirigono il percorso interpretativo e conoscitivo del lettore, ponendosi come sistema semiotico intorno al quale la narrazione è organizzata. Qui lo spazio è geografico, bidimensionale e topografico ma è anche quello tridimensionale del volume architettonico, e infine quadridimensionale, quello del cronotopo bachtiniano. Bachtin difatti chiarisce che solo attraverso il cronotopo è possibile comprendere “l’interconnessione sostanziale dei rapporti temporali e spaziali dei quali la letteratura si è impadronita artisticamente...Nel cronotopo letterario ha luogo la fusione dei connotati spaziali e temporali in un tutto dotato di senso e di concretezza” (Estetica e Romanzo 231). Se Michail Bachtin pone il tempo come principio guida nella forma artistica, Yuri Lotman si concentra sullo spazio come sistema semiotico, spazio culturale. Egli concepisce il testo artistico come un universo semiotico che non si fonda su uno schema dicotomico; non è possibile aumentare la conoscenza attraverso strutture che si basano esclusivamente su contrapposizioni polarizzate. L’universo semiotico per Lotman è uno spazio culturale con una struttura costituente in divenire dinamico: “Vanno distinte due sfere fondamentali della semiotica cittadina: la città come spazio e la città come nome” (“Il simbolismo di Pietroburgo e i problemi della semiotica della città”, La semiosfera 1985: 225). Si studiano quindi le modalità con cui lo spazio urbano di Roma si manifesta in testi narrativi diversi, dal romanzo dannunziano ai racconti moraviani, ai frammenti culminati poi nella forma del romanzo pasoliniano. All’interno dello spazio culturale ‘città’, il legame tra personaggi e spazio topografico e architettonico, riflette rapporti immobili o che anelano all’immobilità, al rifiuto del cambiamento (D’Annunzio), ma anche incompatibilità con un modello storicamente dato (Moravia e Pasolini).