VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Development of a beam-based phase feedforward demonstration at the CLIC test facility (CTF3)
Keywords: FPGA
femtosecond
X band
phase monitor
bandwidth
Compact Linear Collider
latency
stability
electromagnetic kicker
Beam instrumentation
feedforward
CTF3
FONT
phase
resolution
beam-based feedback
amplifier
CLIC

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposal for a future linear electron--positron collider that could achieve collision energies of up to 3 TeV. In the CLIC concept the main high energy beam is accelerated using RF power extracted from a high intensity drive beam, achieving an accelerating gradient of 100 MV/m. This scheme places strict tolerances on the drive beam phase stability, which must be better than 0.2 degrees at 12 GHz. To achieve the required phase stability CLIC proposes a high bandwidth (&GT;17.5 MHz), low latency drive beam "phase feedforward" (PFF) system. In this system electromagnetic kickers, powered by 500 kW amplifiers, are installed in a chicane and used to correct the phase by deflecting the beam on to longer or shorter trajectories. A prototype PFF system has been installed at the CLIC Test Facility, CTF3; the design, operation and commissioning of which is the focus of this work.
Two kickers have been installed in the pre-existing chicane in the TL2 transfer line at CTF3 for the prototype. New optics have been created for the line to take these changes in to account, incorporating new constraints to obtain the desired phase shifting behaviour. Three new phase monitors have also been installed, one for the PFF input and two to verify the system performance. The resolution of these monitors must be significantly better than 0.2 degrees to achieve CLIC-level phase stability. A point by point resolution as low as 0.13 degrees has been achieved after a series of measurements and improvements to the phase monitor electronics.
The performance of the PFF system depends on the correlation between the beam phase as measured at the input to the PFF system, and the downstream phase, measured after the correction chicane. Preliminary measurements found only 40% correlation. The source of the low correlation was determined to be energy dependent phase jitter, which has been mitigated after extensive efforts to measure, model and adjust the machine optics. A final correlation of 93% was achieved, improving the theoretical reduction in jitter using the PFF system from a factor 1.1 to a factor 2.7.
The performance and commissioning of the kicker amplifiers and PFF controller are also discussed. Beam based measurements are used to determine the optimal correction timing. With a maximum output of around 650 V the amplifiers provide a correction range of ±5.5 ± 0.3 degrees. Finally, results from operation of the complete system are presented. A mean phase jitter of 0.28 ± 0.02 degrees is achieved, in agreement with the theoretical prediction of 0.27 ± 0.02 degrees for an optimal system with the given beam conditions. The current limitations of the PFF system, and possible future improvements to the setup, are also discussed.
Designing and implementing a formative assessment system to support and track pupil progress. A pilot with Year 1 boys in writing.
Keywords: MLT
Formative Assessment
MLT2016

This aim of this research project was to design and implement a formative assessment system, to support and track the progress Year 1 pupils at The Boys' School make in their writing. This study began with an examination of the existing literature, exploring the impact formative assessment has on pupil progress, as well as existing initiatives for formative assessment. Two research questions were established and investigated, with close analysis of primary and secondary datasets. Primary data gathered included observations, pupil writing samples and data collected from the formative assessment system itself. Secondary data was gathered from pupil PIE (Progress In English), NGRT (New Group Reading Test) and spelling summative assessments. Data collection occurred in the case study class, where the system was implemented and the control group class, where the system had not been used. Overall, it was found that the formative assessment system was effective in supporting and tracking pupil progress, by creating an intrinsically motivating learning environment and enabling learning to be carefully monitored and navigated. The success of this investigation has resulted in the formative assessment system being implemented into the English curriculum across Key Stages 1 and 2 at The Boys' School.
Local multipliers in tradables and non-tradables
Keywords: nontraded
traded
Local multipliers

In this thesis, I study the local employment multiplier effect; the effect of employment in the tradable sector on employment in the non-tradable sector of the same region. Using a reduced form regression with a shift-share instrument I find a significant local multiplier effect in Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the USA. I show that this result is robust to many different regional definitions, controls and ways of classifying tradable industries. I find larger multipliers for high-wage or high-skilled workers in the tradable sector and I find that most of the jobs created in the non-tradable sector are fulfilled by high-skilled workers who already reside in the region. A replication of the most influential paper in this literature, by Moretti (AER; 2010), demonstrates the sensitivity of his results to six idiosyncrasies of his analysis.
To better understand how these local multipliers work, I develop an efficiency wage model with rural-urban migration for the non-tradable sector. In this model, I consider the impact of a shock to employment in the tradable sector in the city and find a positive local employment multiplier effect. The model predicts that attracting tradable jobs to a city has a bigger positive impact on employment in the non-tradable sector in the same city when the unemployment rate is higher. The model also predicts that this increase is driven by a larger multiplier for current inhabitants and that there is no, or even a negative, effect of the unemployment rate on the multiplier for movers. Both these predictions are reflected in the results of my non-parametric analysis of the data. I find similar results for European TL3 regions. Policies that try to increase growth in less favoured regions by stimulating tradable firms to locate in areas with high unemployment, will both reduce disparities between regions and efficiently reduce unemployment across the board.
Word fibres in finite p-groups and pro-p groups
Keywords: fibres
p-groups

Given a group word w in k variables, a group GM and g &in; G, we consider the set Sw(g) of k-tuples (g1,..., gk) &in; G(k) such that w(g1,..., gk) = g and when G is finite, the size of Sw(g), Nw(g). N. Amit conjectured that for any finite nilpotent group G and any word in k variables, Nw(1) ≥ |G|k-1. In this thesis we first prove Amit’s conjecture for finite groups of nilpotency class 2. This was independently proved by Levy in [1]. More generally, we study the class functions Nw for this class of groups and show that the inequality can be improved to Nw(1) ≥ |G|k/|Gw (Gw is the set of w-values in G) if G has odd order. This last result is explained by the fact that the functions Nw are characters of G in this case. For groups of even order, all that can be said is that Nw is a generalized character, something that is false in general for groups of nilpotency class greater than 2. We characterize group theoretically when Nxn
is a character if G is a 2-group of nilpotency class 2. We also address the (much harder) problem of studying if Nw(g) ≥ |G|k-1 for g &in; Gw, proving that this is the case for the free p-groups of nilpotency class 2 and exponent p.
Finally, we look at the analogous problem for finitely generated pro-p groups. Let G be a finitely generated pro-p group and {Gn} some filtration. We define the dimension of a closed subset H ⊆ G as
Dim{Gn}
(H) =   lim infn&rightarrow;∞ logp | HG(k)n/ G(k)n|
logp | (G / Gn)(k) |   ·
In this setting, a rather natural way to define the metric is by using the filtration Gn = /\xpn : x &in; G
\/. For this filtration, we ask whether for any word w in k variables, Dim{Gn} Sw(1) ≥ k - 1/k. We show that for free pro-p groups, using the filtration given by its dimension subgroups, this is not true in general.
Response of invertebrate communities to intensive management of improved pasture ecosystems
Keywords: ecology
dung beetles
biodiversity

The number of people on our planet is projected to rise to between 9.4 and 10 billion by 2050. Some estimates suggest that current levels of food production will need to double to feed this population. Increasing the intensity of food production on existing agricultural land will be a crucial element in meeting this goal, but practices associated with intensive management can cause biodiversity declines and erode the ecosystem functions that underpin production. My work explores agricultural intensification within the context of pasture-based cattle production. I focus on a variety of ecosystem functions supported by dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) and other dung-associated invertebrates. I investigate how variations in diversity, and chemical perturbations of veterinary anthelmintics affect the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions. I show that maintaining species-rich dung beetle assemblages has inconsistent benefits in providing multiple ecosystem functions. While dung beetles play an important role in supporting functioning in the short term, my work also reveals that their contributions may be less evident when considered over longer periods. Chemical perturbations caused by anthelmintic residues represent a significant threat to some invertebrate groups, but my experiments show that exposure does not always translate into an immediate reduction in ecosystem functioning. While use of anthelmintic products with relatively low toxicological risk did not cause obvious reductions in function, my work shows exposure can have significant consequences for the conservation of sensitive species. Overall, my work highlights the need for multigenerational studies, mathematical modelling, and careful consideration of sublethal effects to assess fully the risks of anthelmintic residues in the pasture environment. Furthermore, the emphasis on dung beetles (rather than other dung-associated invertebrates) in the existing literature neglects potentially important functional benefits provided by other taxa, such as earthworms. As the global human population continues to expand, it is important that we find sustainable ways to produce food while simultaneously conserving biodiversity. As loss of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems does not always have functional consequences, it is important that wider justifications for conservation remain integrated into agricultural policy and practice.
An investigation into how teaching a Latin course using the quadrant model fosters agentic learning in students
Keywords: MLT2016
MLT

The research aim of the project is to use task design to foster a greater sense of agency in Key Stage Three Latin students by introducing more open-ended tasks into the classroom, both for Latin language and Roman civilisation.
The methodology is based on a cyclical action research model comprising of two stages, the evaluation of each cycle informing the next stage. Group interviews or student focus groups were used to explore student's’ responses to more open-ended tasks, and this data was evaluated using a basic form of content analysis.
The results show the importance of building students' learning dispositions alongside their subject knowledge to help them manage quadrant three activities effectively. They have helped me to refine how the strands of teaching Latin (grammar, translation and the Ancient Roman World) interlink and to be clear on the link between the learning objective, the task and assessment, whatever the task style. Another result of the research is that I have increased trust in my students, having seen how positively the vast majority of them responded to more open tasks.
Developing a ‘mastery’ approach to written feedback in mathematics
Keywords: MLT
Mathematics
MLT2016

The NCETM identified three areas which were deemed of particular significance in providing a mastery curriculum- developing deep knowledge, consolidating particular skills and ensuring rapid interventions take place in order to address misconceptions in a timely manner. The focus of this dissertation was to research the capacity a form of written feedback (mastery marking) had in providing one of these three areas depending on the child's progress towards achieving a lesson's learning objective. A range of qualitative methods were used to gather relevant data. The data collected from focus groups, whole class discussions and examinations of written feedback was then analysed. This led to particular themes being identified. These included the changing perceptions of children regarding feedback, task type, frequency and delivery and barriers for teachers to contest against when trying to provide 'mastery marking'. Findings suggest that mastery marking did provide children with more opportunities to demonstrate deep knowledge depending on the group they were in. An increased amount of time for children to respond to written feedback was also a result of the intervention. It also brought about written feedback which was more specifically tailored to the individual needs of the children. Particular constraints for the teachers had an impact on their uptake and implementation of the intervention. The implications for this study appear to be that teachers can provide increasingly effective written feedback but particular constraints can curtail their ability to do this as regularly and as accurately as they would like. In order to enhance the quality and regularity of written feedback, there appears to be a need to mitigate these barriers where possible.
Crossing barriers: The influence of linguistic and cultural background on [I + verb] belief constructions in expressions of opinion
Keywords: pragmatics-prosody interface
alternative semantics
speaker confidence
negative appraisal
prominence
expression of opinion

How does cultural and linguistic background influence communication style? This topic is examined through the [I + verb] belief construct before the expression of an opinion. Since opinions carry inherent notions of speaker belief, these constructions may at first appear superfluous. However, [I + verb] forms may actually fulfill various pragmatic functions depending on prosodic variation. Unfortunately, there is little congruent data on universality vs. cross-linguistic variability of pragmatic-prosodic mappings (prosodic variation as a cue to pragmatic interpretation) of [I + verb] belief constructs before an opinion. Thus, a Proof of Concept perception test was first implemented, followed by a production task investigating the effect of sociolinguistic background on a speaker's frequency of usage for various [I + verb] forms in expressing opinions, and how this relates to perceived speaker confidence.
Usage of various forms and functions of this construct was analyzed and compared between native Mandarin (CHI) and English (US) speakers, as well as EFL Mandarin speakers. The Proof of Concept task supported hypotheses overall, suggesting a possible universal pragmatic-prosodic mapping for [I + verb]. In addition, while as predicted sociolinguistic background did not have a significant effect on universality of pragmatic-prosodic mapping in terms of confidence rating, it did have an observable effect on semantic interpretation of 'speaker confidence', thus indicating that sociolinguistic background may play a role in influencing these interpretations.
Results from the production task supported predictions that frequency of functional [I + verb] usage corresponded to culturally specific attitudes of each culture. Based on confidence rating calculations for each [I + verb] variation from pragmatic-prosodic mapping of the perception task, it was determined that Native US individuals were most confident in expressing self-opinions but least confident in expressing opinions of others whilst Native CHI individuals were most confident in expressing opinions of others and least confident in expressing self-opinion, with the EFL group in the US more closely mirroring the Native US group and the EFL group in China more closely mirroring the Native CHI group. Additionally, going against theories of previous research, Time immersed in a new L2 environment and L2 proficiency did not significantly influence performance.
Through investigating pragmatic-prosodic mappings of [I + verb] forms vs. functions, this study aimed to demonstrate the bi-directional link between language, thought and culture. By understanding and familiarizing oneself with the root of pragmatic differences, there is hope to better understand the cause of cross-cultural miscommunications between native and foreign speakers in conversation and to minimize any such discrepancies in pragmatic knowledge and sociocultural norms.
Theopoetics: Kierkegaard and the vocation of the Christian creative artist
Keywords: creative artwork
Theopoetics
artist
Creativity
Kierkegaard
theological aesthetics
vocation
Christian

In this doctoral dissertation I examine the development of Kierkegaard's sense of vocation as a Christian creative artist by research into his journals and published works, as well as investigating how this was influenced by his scriptural hermeneutic. I then attempt to sketch some starting points for a theology of Christian creative artwork contextualised within modern theological aesthetics by drawing upon this examination. I argue that Kierkegaard began writing without documented reflection on his intentions and communicative methodology, but was nonetheless a religious author from the start of his career, as his text The Point of View for my Work as an Author later claimed. I trace how he began with a more "indirect" approach in his writing and gradually developed a theory of "indirect communication", though there were more "direct" elements present in his work from the beginning (the "first authorship"), yet as he continued in his authorial career he became ever more "direct" in his mode of communication (the "second authorship"), until it eventually became exclusively more "direct" religious writing (the "attack on Christendom"). I conclude that the most concise and complete formulation of Kierkegaard's mature conception of his task as a Christian artist becomes "to communicate Christianity in Christendom" in a more direct mode—to explain straightforwardly what authentic Christianity is in an age of cultural, purely nominal religion. I allow that this task is in some ways unique to his own historical situation but contend nonetheless that a consideration of it is profitable for contemporary theology because of the many different ways that he attempted to carry it out. In Kierkegaardian terms, and following on from resources in Kierkegaard and his use of scripture, I argue constructively from all of this that more "direct" communication is the more valuable form of communication to the Christian creative artist for theological reasons, but that more "indirect" communication can still be useful, in the task of communicating creatively through art.
‘I am Zambia’s redeemer’: populism and the rise of Michael Sata, 1955-2011
Keywords: Biography
Politics
Zambia
History
Populism

This thesis explores the broad continuities in the strategies that individual leaders in Africa have employed to mobilise political support across different historical periods and party systems, from the late colonial to the post-colonial era, and from single-party to multiparty systems. It examines this question through a historical biography of Michael Sata, a political leader in Zambia whose life and career, like those of several other Zambian individual politicians, cut across the main divides in the country’s political history: the late-colonial period (1953-1964), the one-party state (1973-1991) and the era of multiparty democracy (since 1991). Sata's experiences also span a number of political organisations such as the United National Independence Party (from the early 1960s to 1991), the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (1991-2001) and the Patriotic Front (2001-2011).
I argue that Sata employed several political strategies such as populism, clientelism, ethnic appeals and coalition building to mobilise support across these historical epochs and party institutions. The existing literature on Zambian political change has largely focused on ethnicity, which has taken attention away from the fact that most ethnic politics has had, as this thesis demonstrates, a populist component. More broadly, what this study demonstrates is the utility of historical biography in understanding political change. Examining the life of an individual whose experiences cut across supposed turning points and disruptions, or the institutions that have come and gone with them, captures not only change but continuities too, which are generally missing in many accounts of political life in Africa, and consequently allows us to gain new and unique insights.
TOPK as a novel determinant of radiosensitivity
Keywords: therapeutic window
disease
TOPK
gene therapy
PBK
Tumour
Ionising
Radiation
Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is the use of ionising radiation to induce localised DNA damage to cancerous tissues, leading to cell death and disease control. In order to maximise tumour growth control and to limit damage of the healthy surrounding tissues and the consequent side effects for the patient, molecular determinants of tumour radioresistance are investigated as potential clinical targets.
A high-throughput siRNA colony formation assay screen in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells previously published by our laboratory identified modulators of radiosensitivity. From the list CSF1R, EPHB2, GAK and TOPK, were selected and validated. TOPK (T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase, also known as PDZ-binding kinase, PBK) was selected for further investigation because it is overexpressed in most malignancies but not in normal tissues, apart from testis and placenta. Knockdown of TOPK was shown to induce radiosensitisation in a panel of cancer cell lines with no significant effects on normal cells.
A role for TOPK in the cell cycle response to ionising radiation (IR) was discovered in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, with alterations in the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation experiments identified a physical interaction between TOPK and CDKN1A (p21) at 8 hours after IR. Apoptosis and the number of multinucleated cells were significantly increased in TOPK depleted cells exposed to IR, suggesting the possibility of aberrant mitosis and mitotic catastrophe in these cells. High TOPK expression in early breast cancer patients was shown to be associated with poor recurrence-free survival. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis on samples from prostate cancer patients identified a strong correlation between high levels of TOPK and poor clinical response to radiotherapy.
In order to facilitate future in vivo experiments, an HCT116 shRNA stable knockdown cell line was developed and two commercially available TOPK inhibitors were tested and optimised.
Taken together, these data suggest that TOPK is a molecular determinant of radiosensitivity with a great potential for future clinical applications.