VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Detection of Hydrocarbon Accumulations by Surface Electrical Methods - A Feasibility Study
Keywords: Geophysics

Theoretical aspects of an electrical exploration technique to directly detect hydrocarbon accumulations based on their high resistivity are investigated. Oil fields, because of their large areal extent, can often be approximated by thin, laterally infinite layers. The depth sounding system proposed to detect thin resistive layers has a grounded, time domain transmitter and receivers capable of measuring the magnetic and electric fields generated by the transmitter. Based on this system concept, a detectability study for thin resistive layers at large depths has been carried out by means of computer modelling. To estimate noise levels that would be encountered in a field experiment, a field test was conducted in an area of stratified sediments in Southern Ontario. Using the steady state value of the electric field, the transient response of the electric field in two horizontal directions and the transient response of the vertical component of the magnetic field, it is theoretically possible to detect thin resistive layers down to a depth of about 2000 meters, even in the presence of "geological noise".
Applications of wide Band Time Domain EM Measurements in Mineral Exploration
Keywords: Geophysics

Electromagnetic prospecting measurements must be made over a wider band of frequencies if they are to be effective in terrains with complicated conductivity structures. A system (UTEM) was designed to do such measurements systematically and practically in the time domain. It is a ground method using a large transmitter loop and a single receiver coil. The transmitted current has a precise triangular waveform at a frequency of 30 Hz. In the receiver, there are eight sampling channels corresponding to delay times decreasing according to a binary geometric progression. The UTEM system has many unusual characteristics: it can measure both electric and magnetic fields; the transmitted waveform concentrates the power at lower frequencies and has no off times; the measuring channels sample virtually the whole waveform. Field measurements were made at five test sites. The data from a field survey in a stratified environment were interpreted by developing numerical methods for inverting the observed data in terms of layered models. In order to explain the other field results, a variety of idealized models were studied by time-domain scale models measurements and by conversion of frequency domain model data. Very few of the field responses can be completely explained in terms of free-air models. However, the late portion of measured transient decays can often be explained in this fashion. The more complicated responses which occur at early sampling times can be explained in terms of two main effects -- "blanking" and "current gathering". These were studied by means of idealized models. The "blanking" effect is the disappearance of the response at early times caused by shielding of a local conductor by a conductive overburden which is not in contact with it. The "current gathering" effect is an enhancement of the response at early times (but after "blanking") which is caused by the channelling of regionally induced host-rock currents into a local conductor. Current gathering is the most prevalent in the field responses. In the documented examples, it appears to be due to the presence of a diffuse conductive "halo" surrounding the main (sulphide) conductors. Some unexpected field responses which appeared on the later channels have been tentatively explained as inductive induced polarization (IIP) effects. The computed responses of some simple polarizable models explain some of the features of the field responses but they indicate that with magnetic field measurements, IIP effects would be detectable only for high chargeabilities. IIP effects in electric field data are more detectable. Since these cannot be explained as magnetic responses, the observed electric field responses are regarded as more conclusive field evidences of IIP responses. The electric field IIP responses are apparently excited by regional host rock currents being channeled into metallic conductors and may be used to identify metallic conductors.
The electromagnetic Response of a Conductive Inhomogeneity In a Layered Earth
Keywords: Geophysics

In this thesis, the integral equation technique is used to model the electromagnetic prospecting problem of a conductive inhomogeneity embedded in a layered earth environment. Basically, it consists of replacing the anomalous conductor, which is simplified to a finite vertical thin plate, by a surface of scattering currents. The plate is sampled on a sqare grid and the number of points is kept to a minimum by using a fifth degree spline moment function to interpolate between them. In order to bypass the numerical problems encountered when attempting to solve directly for the components of electric field at each grid point, the integral equation is expressed in terms of two potentials representing divergence free current flow through its surface. Calculations involving the layered earth are done with a new Fast Fourier transform approach which basically consists of solving this problem in the Catesian wavenumber domain, i.e. the 2-D Fourier transform of the horizontal plane. The results show that a conductive host and/or overburden will affect the amplitude, phase and width of the conductor's free air anomaly. Both the host and the overburden will cause an attenuation and phase rotation of the source fields to the plate and the anomalous fields from the plate. When the target conductor is in contact with a conductive host, the channelling of currents induced in the host is found to increase the anomaly amplitude substantially. Computation costs do not permit the generation of high accuracy type curves, but the model examples presented demonstrate the basic physics of conductive earth effects in electromagnetic prospecting.
Extraction of nonstationary sinusoids
Keywords: Applied sciences
Digital signal processing
Ultrasonic waves

A novel method of extraction of nonstationary sinusoids and estimation of their parameters is presented. The proposed algorithm has a nonlinear structure which renders it fully adaptive in tracking time-variations in the parameters of the targeted sinusoid including its phase and frequency. Mathematical properties of the differential equations governing the proposed algorithm are presented and the performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with the aid of computer simulations. The proposed algorithm has been digitally implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP) platform and the laboratory verification of its performance is presented. Superiority of the proposed algorithm over conventional Fourier analysis and linear adaptive methods is demonstrated by its successful application to a number of real problems. Elimination of sinusoidal disturbances under time-varying conditions is a challenging problem of current research. The proposed algorithm is entployed to construct an adaptive notch filter for the rejection of quasi-periodic interferences. Its performance is exemplified by its application to the problem of elimination of power line noise potentially present on electrocardiogram and telephone cables. Application of the proposed algorithm in the estimation of low-level biomedical signals polluted by noise constitutes another example of its superior performance over conventional methods. Refinement and analysis of ultrasonic waves used in non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials is presented as another useful application of the proposed algorithm. Finally, estimation of instantaneous frequency in noise, exemplified by Doppler frequency shift estimation, is demonstrated. The proposed algorithm exhibits a high degree of immunity with regard to both external noise and internal parameter settings while offering structural simplicity crucial for real-time applications.
A case study analysis of Ontario CAAT graduates who transfer to a university
Keywords: Education
Ontario
University
Colleges of applied arts and technology
Transfer students

Ontario Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology were established to educate the Grade 12 graduate who was not destined for university, in an educational sector meant to be separate from universities. Even though the original mandate and focus of Ontario CAATs has been on the employment of their graduates, students have been moving from colleges to universities since inception. However, very little is known about transfer and the characteristics of the transfer student in the province of Ontario. As well, there is limited empirical evidence regarding the extent of success for college transfer students at the universities. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the demographic and academic characteristics of college-to-university students and to provide information on their performance at university. Using an exploratory case study of Seneca College graduates, the thesis profiles the typical transfer student, documents their performance and persistence at university, and compares them to other college graduates. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to all students who had graduated from Seneca College and who had subsequently enrolled at a university as determined by their responses to the Graduate Satisfaction Survey (GSS) from 1998-99 to 2002-03. The returned questionnaires were linked with the corresponding responses to the GSS and the respondents' records on the college's Administration and Registration Information Exchange System (ARIES). Together the information gathered included data regarding age, gender, language, citizenship, aspirations, and socio-economic status of the transfer student; the college program from which they graduated and the university program into which they enrolled; and, their success at university. The evidence suggests that an increasing number of younger students entered Seneca College directly from high school with a conscious design to use their program and the school itself as a vehicle to enter university. Not all the programs were developed to achieve that end, nor were the pathways explicitly planned; however, the students appeared to understand the college to be a viable route to realize their goal of attending university and entered Seneca College for this purpose, expecting it to provide that opportunity. The research also shows that the route to university could only have been through the college for a large majority of these transfer students because they would not have met the university entrance requirements based on their pre-college credentials. Finally, the university-through-college process appears to be providing access to higher education and university for families with limited post-secondary experience and who come from the middle to lower socio-economic strata. Based on these results and the process for ascertaining the data, a consistent approach to measuring transfer is proposed along with curriculum and program recommendations for increasing transfer provincially.
Use of digitized image analysis for evaluation of neurogenic inflammation and the effect of modulatory agents
Keywords: Biological sciences
Neurology

Stimulus induced-release of neuropeptides from nociceptor terminals produces neurogenic inflammation which involves plasma extravasation (PE). In this study, a method for evaluating PE in the skin is presented. The change in light reflectance produced by extravasation of albumin-bound Evans blue dye was recorded every ten seconds with a monochrome video camera, during saphenous nerve (SN) stimulation. Analysis of the change in pixel intensity in the digitized images revealed that stimulation at 4 Hz induced greater PE than 1 Hz stimulation. It was also demonstrated that the NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 blocks SN and substance P-induced PE. Additionally, when the skin was pretreated with BoNT/A, C, or D the change in the average pixel intensity in the recorded images was similar between the toxin and saline-injected skin. In conclusion, analysis of the digitized image is a simple, quick and useful tool for studies of neurogenic inflammation and its modulation.
Ontario's Royal Commission on the University of Toronto, 1905--1906: Political and historical factors that influenced the final report of the Flavelle Commission
Keywords: Canadian history
Education history
Higher education

Although much has changed in the relationship between Canadian governments and publicly-assisted universities over the last century, the principles of ‘institutional autonomy’ and ‘annual public grants’ remain sacrosanct. The codification of this relationship may be found in a document written in 1906; the final report of the Royal Commission on the University of Toronto and University College, also known as the Flavelle Commission of Ontario. Appreciating the forces that acted upon the commission is important to understanding the fundamental principles of government/university interaction in Canada today. The forces that acted on the commission included a growing recognition of the United States as a comparable jurisdiction for Canadian public policy questions, the background and personal relationships of some commissioners and the political landscape of Ontario at the time. This paper examines some of these issues and the impact they had on the commission’s recommendations.
Children's understanding of minds in a story
Keywords: Educational psychology
Reading instruction
Preschool education
Elementary education
Developmental psychology
Literacy

A great deal of progress has been made recently in our understanding of how children go about ascribing beliefs, desires, intentions and emotions to themselves and others. These developments begin at about four years of age and continue into the early school years. The question then arise as to how they use this new knowledge in understanding the beliefs and emotions of characters in stories, especially when these characters undergo abrupt reversals of beliefs and emotions in story contexts. And how do they relate these beliefs and emotions to their own beliefs and emotions as readers or listeners to those stories? Children age 3 to 8 were given stories and asked, as each story progressed, about the mental states of protagonist and antagonist before and after the occurrence of some critical event. In one non-ironic story modelled on a task first used by Wimmer and Perner (1983), "Maxi and the chocolate," the main character, Maxi, leaves chocolate in a blue cupboard and goes out to play. Children see the the chocolate has been moved to the green cupboard, but Maxi does not possess this knowledge. Maxi then returns. Young children fail to understand that Maxi will think that the chocolate is in the original location or predict that he will be surprised upon finding no chocolate in the blue cupboard. In an ironic story, "Punch and Judy," the main character, Punch, intends to perform a nasty trick on Judy. But Judy discovers his plan and foils it. This results in Punch destroying a prized possession, his new coat. The mental states of Punch change from glee to gloom, whereas Judy's change from despair to glee. Young children mistakenly attributed sadness to Punch prior to his having knowledge that his coat was in the box; older children correctly noted his change in emotion from happiness to sadness at the time he acquires knowledge about his misdeed. Older children could understand that Judy is happy despite Punch's unpleasant discovery. Children's ascriptions of mental states to characters bore little relation to their own reports of mental states while listening to stories. The majority reported being happy throughout the reading of the story, rather than surprised, sad or disappointed. The research is directly relevant to the education enterprise because it sets up for educators the topology of competencies necessary for understanding stories. The use of stories in schools presupposes specific capacities necessary to understand stories, and it is these capacities that are outlined in the present research. The inability of young children to ascribe false beliefs to story characters may mark and characterise young children's inability to coordinate what Bruner has called a landscape of action with a landscape of consciousness (see Bruner, 1986).
A study of absenteeism in the Toronto Board of Education, 1850-1997
Keywords: School attendance
History
Fréquentation scolaire
Histoire

This case study was an examination of the role, function and structure of absenteeism in the Toronto Board of Education, using both historical inquiry and quantitative analysis of contemporary student data. Multi-method triangulation was used, a research process using multiple measures or methods to examine a research question where a single data set might not be appropriate. There were three directions. Firstly, a literature review found little agreement among researchers on the role and importance of absenteeism. Secondly, an historical overview of Toronto Board policy on absenteeism examined documents relating to absenteeism, 1850–1997. Absenteeism was at the core of Toronto Board educational policy from the 1850's to the 1940's. Policy towards “truant” students was at first retributive, but in the twentieth century policy was changed to societal and family interventions, resulting in the foundation of most of the board's current student support services. However, absenteeism disappeared as an important educational issue by the 1970's. Thirdly, an analysis of Toronto Board administrative data looked at student absenteeism from several directions: datasets of 75,000 students registered 1996–97; Grade 9 students followed 1991–1996; and 11 year old students followed 1992–1997. Among the findings: (1) There is a consistent relationship of age to average absenteeism, which is linear for students 13 and older. (2) Gender was a minor influence on absenteeism. Students who lived in two-parent households were significantly less likely to have above-average absenteeism than those in other types of households. Among Grade 9 students, post-secondary plans, hours of homework and part-time work, home language, type of high school, and academic level also influenced levels of absenteeism. (3) Absenteeism was strongly linked to credit accumulation and other achievement patterns. Students with high absenteeism in Grade 9 were much more likely to drop out, and less likely to graduate. Absenteeism in any given year was moderately linked to absenteeism in the previous school year and the following school year, but the relationship faded over time. (4) Contemporary secondary absenteeism is higher than that of historical records from the 1960's. This may be due to the increasing retention in the secondary school of traditionally `at risk' students, a process similar to that which occurred in the primary school system in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The sweetest of all charities, the Toronto Hospital for Sick Children's medical and public appeal, 1875-1905
Keywords: Children
Hospitals
History
Pediatrics
History
Enfants
Hôpitaux
Histoire
Pédiatrie
Histoire

The powerful image of the female nurse providing domestic care and moral instruction to a poor sick child was essential to the Toronto Hospital for Sick Children's (HSC's) early marketing efforts. The gender issues evident in HSC's initial thirty years studied in this paper reveal a covert, subconscious power struggle between the men and women at HSC as they attempted to accommodate the general public's expectations of pediatric hospital care. HSC's early history demonstrates that public expectations, female agency, and male intervention into hospital politics ultimately align under a common cause of specialized pediatric care. However a struggle to define pediatric medicine did ensue, influenced by gender roles, scientific paradigm-shifts, and public desire infused with their expectations of sex-role stereotypes of the times. This struggle has left its mark on HSC's history in the form of an uncommon collaboration, evident in the hospital's built form, marketing campaigns, philanthropic management, and medical outlook. Even today, HSC's appeal encourages public support by promoting its paternalistic social welfare efforts. For the public ' caring', in addition to 'curing', remains a defining feature of pediatric medicine. Dubbing itself 'The Sweetest of All Charities', HSC continues to advocate a need for good nursing care as a way of administering scientific medical cures to children. The combination of money and mercy, medical-science and hygienic ideals, and caring and curing were established in HSC's first thirty years of hospital work, from 1875 to 1905. This project investigates why and how this combination emerged as defining features of pediatric medicine.
Terrains, for orchestra
Keywords: Orchestral music
Scores
Orchestre, Musique d'
Partitions

'Explanatory notes. Terrains' is a work in three movements for orchestra. In creating 'Terrains', my compositional intentions were threefold: (i) to develop a rigorous methodology for the generation of pitch material, which would allow for a logical connection between vertical and horizontal presentations, as well as surface and deep structure pitch connections, where all pitch material emanates from one central organizing source; (ii) to apply aspects of the method for the notation of multiple tempi (MTN) which I developed in my paper, 'Multiple Tempi Notation: A Survey and Method'; and (iii) to explore aspects of the musical techniques which I have derived from my studies of Hindustani and Carnatic musical principles, specifically (1) the 'Tal' which is a pattern of metres which repeats throughout a composition; and (2) the Carnatic 'Melakarthas', which are a systematically organized system of seventy-two diatonic modes. 'Pitch organization'. The two core elements behind the pitch organization in Terrains are the numerical matrix and the 'Melakartha ' applied as a diatonic pitch field. The numerical matrix is constructed in the same manner as the conventional dodecaphonic matrix, except that numerals substitute for pitch names. To generate a numerical matrix, one need only determine the total pitch set within a given field, number it in ascending order from the lowest to highest note and express the pitch series in the corresponding numerical series. This prime series is arranged from left to right while the inverted series beginning with the prime form's initial number is arranged from top to bottom. This matrix therefore provides the prime, retrograde, inversion and retrograde inversion of a numerical sequence.
Children, families, and institutions in late 19th and early 20th century Ontario
Keywords: Children
Social conditions
Children
Social conditions
Family
History
Family
History
Enfants
Conditions sociales
Enfants
Conditions sociales
Famille
Histoire
Famille
Histoire

The changes in childhood in 19th and 20th century English-speaking Ontario took place within a context of economic and social developments that included industrialization, urbanization, new immigrant groups, change in family occupations, scientific advances and economic liberalization. The change was exhilarating, but caused profound unease. This generated a search for order that appeared in existing institutions, such as churches and schools and in new institutions, such as kindergartens and settlement houses, that reformers initiated to fix the perceived flaws of the new environment. Childhood became the subject of intense scrutiny. While some young children attended school from the early 19th century, new ideas of childhood meant that, by 1900, kindergarten for the youngest pupils was entrenched in public schools. By the end of the first decade of the 20th century, supervision during school hours had expanded to the rest of the day in settings such as settlement houses.