VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
A multiplicity of human destinies [electronic resource] : development and settler colonialism in French Algeria 1860-1940
Keywords: History.

A Multiplicity of Human Destinies: Development and Settler Colonialism in French Algeria 1860-1940 provides a new account of the historical origins and institutionalization of development in empire, beginning in the ninteenth-century. A formative politics of development arose in Algeria as a form of proxy for institutionalized settler privileges; it compensated for struggling and then retreating European rural settlement. In the 1860s an advisor to Napoleon III named Ismaÿl Urbain (1812-1884) advanced a Saint-Simonian model of state-financed, modern economic development for Algeria, based on cultural recognition for subject populations and curtailing their summary dispossession. A decade later, an export industry based on fiber harvesting, on extraction of a steppic grass known as halfa (alfa in French), adopted the Kingdom's principles. This industry captures how both the conceptual framework and policies of development changed as officials improvised responses to indigenous protest. At the turn of the century, officials' concern to conserve the grass contributed to the theory that nomadism (mobile pastoralism) was a product of the universal human adaptation to environmental constraints. French officials leading new institutions such as the Southern Territories of Algeria embraced this new case for the accommodation of mobile pastoralism. Yet as the settler colonial regime became more and more cognizant of the value of mobile pastoralism and adopted a raft of measures to reflect this change, conditions for it on the ground were worsening. This paradoxical situation illustrates how prototypical development was shaped as much by officials' inconsistencies and blind spots as by formal epistemic systems of rationality, science and technology.
Multiuser MIMO with limited cooperation and channel state information [electronic resource]
Keywords: Electrical Engineering.

Next generation wireless networks are targeting 1000x increase in capacity to meet the tremendous growth in data demand. As the number of wireless systems grows exponentially, the availability of prime wireless spectrum is becoming severely limited. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies have emerged as a method to significantly increase spectral efficiency by creating independent spatial dimensions within a given frequency band. However, exploiting these spatial dimensions can entail significant overhead in channel estimation and user cooperation. This thesis investigates methods to make MIMO technology more effective by drastically reducing this overhead via two innovations: cognitive MIMO systems and noncoherent massive MIMO. In the first part of the thesis, we study cognitive MIMO systems that efficiently learn how to exploit empty spatial dimensions so as to avoid interfering with other systems in the same frequency band. We first consider a cognitive MIMO system where the transmitter of the first system learns the null space of the channel to the receiver of the other system by observing an affine function of the inflicted interference; a measurement that is already taking place in today's wireless networks. This measurement must either be broadcast or inferred by the power control mechanism of the interfered system. We analyze the effect of noisy measurements on the average worst-case interference reduction and show how this mechanism could be applicable in several wireless scenarios with limited cooperation across systems, including cognitive radio networks and cooperative base stations in cellular networks. In the second part of the thesis, we turn our attention to communication systems with a massive number of antennas (massive MIMO) and limited channel state information. In particular, we consider a single-shot system with single antenna transmitters and a single receiver with a large number of antennas, which only knows the large-scale fading statistics. The suggested system modulates information on the power of the symbols, and uses a receiver that decodes based only on the average energy across the antennas. We provide an optimal constellation design in terms of the achievable error exponent in the number of receiver antennas when the channel fading distribution is known. Furthermore, we provide asymptotically optimal designs with increasing constellation size for the case of perfect or imperfect knowledge of the first few moments of the channel fading distribution. We present numerical and analytical comparative results with other transmission schemes in typical scenarios and show specific examples where each design should be employed.
Music play spaces [electronic resource] : a portfolio
Keywords: Music.

Humans negotiate unpredictable environments every day. Responding to and engaging with new situations and rule-sets as and when they arise is quotidian, not a new or outlandish phenomenon. Interplay of object and meaning, interpretation via deduction and assumption, testing our theories and asking "what if I...?" in multimodal 3D environments happens in museums, galleries, concert halls and amusement parks but also in regular human interaction. There are no contexts that lack variables: we enlist templates that contain possibility spaces over scripts that forbid them. The phenomenon of the template—the signifying structure that stands in for the content—provides extremely fertile ground for an artistic praxis that seeks structural experimentation. The template is fallible in its incompleteness, humble in its neutral identity and aims of accessibility, and at the same time lifeless without human engagement and awesome in the multitude of possible branches it possesses. A template is a composed space that invites addition, subtraction, transformation, and reorganization. As participants in such composed spaces we are often unaware of the potential we possess as co-composers, as players. My work asks all those present to consider their significance as co-composers, as players in music spaces. In this portfolio of new works I draw on recent play research and explore composed possibility spaces for music experiences. I engage aspects of ritual, role and boundary in four new intermedial works: Situation #1: Agency (for Players, Explorer and Guide), Situation #2: Human Forms (a self-guided sound-sculpture audio tour), Situation #3: Interstices (for audience members, electronics, video and percussionist), and Metanoia: A Journey in 6 Scenes (a virtual environment for singers, percussion and single interacting player).
My Lands Are Where My Dead Lie Buried: The Representation of Native Americans in South Dakota High School History Textbooks
Keywords:  Graduate School of Education
Native American
Textbooks
History
Curriculum
South Dakota
Graduate School of Education
Thesis

Objective: In this study I discuss how history textbooks used in the state of South Dakota over the last 30 years or so represent Native Americans. In order to determine whether Native Americans are represented accurately, equally, and respectfully in the texts I analyze five historical events involving the tribes of South Dakota in each textbook. Method: Through the use of textbook coding and word counts the textbooks are analyzed and discussed in terms of accuracy and overall content. Teacher interviews are also conducted to provide insight into how educators teach South Dakota Native American history. Participants in the interviews are asked about their use of textbooks in their classrooms and how they incorporate outside sources to help students grasp certain topics as they relate to Native Americans. Results: The text analysis shows that although more recent textbooks are more objective and “politically correct” in the names they use for Native American people and tribes, the textbooks have slowly decreased in their coverage of Native issues and events. The teacher’s interview showed a pattern that goes along with the inaccuracies in the textbooks. Teachers very rarely use only the textbooks as sources for information. Many use outside and supplementary sources to discuss topics surrounding Native tribes in the area. Conclusions: Within a classroom setting textbooks cannot be the only source of information for high school students. Teachers must incorporate supplementary sources and school districts need to provide more accurate representations of Native Americans. Textbooks cannot cater to one group or specific event in history, meaning it is up to schools to pick up where the textbooks leave off. Schools need to help bridge the gap between cultural respectfulness and educational responsibility as it relates to teaching about cultural groups who have had huge impact on history in order to further improve cultural relations and establish well educated and informed students.
Nanoelectromechanical relays for energy-efficient, integrated systems [electronic resource]
Keywords: Mechanical Engineering.

As CMOS transistors scale to smaller technology nodes and gate lengths become shorter, the passive power loss of CMOS devices becomes higher and CMOS-based electronics waste more energy in their off-state. This leads to shorter battery life, thus limiting the size and lifetime of untethered devices such as mobile phones, medical implants, wireless sensors and aerospace systems. Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays, which feature zero off-state leakage current and near-zero subthreshold slope, are ideal devices for low-energy electronics. As components in integrated CMOS-NEM systems, relays have the potential to greatly reduce overall power usage and footprint. I will first discuss the advantages of electrostatic NEM relays over other relay designs including low actuation voltages, hysteresis, good scaling behavior, and flexible materials and processing choices. A review of device physics illuminates some design requirements for better performance. Promising applications for integrated CMOS-NEM relay systems include logic and computation, low-energy memory, energy-efficient signal routing and energy management of power sources. Next, I present an advanced process flow for fabrication of CMOS-compatible NEM relays. I demonstrate back-end-of-line compatible fabrication of polysilicon germanium NEM relays with buried aluminum interconnect layer. The buried interconnect is protected from the release etch by a silicon nitride or alumina etchstop layer. A titanium nitride barrier layer prevents spiking of the aluminum into the structural layer. Ohmic contact performance is enhanced by using an ALD ruthenium or ALD titanium nitride contact layer. A lifetime of 900,000 cycles with contact resistance under 100MΩ has been observed among ruthenium-coated devices in a nitrogen ambient. Additional design considerations, such as a compliant contact etching and high overdrive voltage, can lead to contact resistances under 500Ω. Analysis of thermal behavior at the contact promises to further lower resistance, prevent welding or predict welding for use in semi-permanent latching structures. I present experimental data which closely matches an advanced model of NEM relay thermal behavior, as well as operation of a thermally "latching" electrostatic relay. Finally, device characteristics are compared with prior work. Previous designs of laterally-actuated electrostatic relays show lower resistance at higher cycles, but do not show CMOS-compatible processing. Other prior work shows CMOS-compatible processing with good performance, but does not demonstrate buried device layers. The work presented in this thesis represents a step forward in the demonstration of NEM relays for back-end-of-line compatible processing by demonstrating working relays with buried aluminum interconnect for the first time. Suggested further work includes scaling of devices to achieve CMOS-compatible actuation voltages and encapsulation to prevent premature degradation of the contact.
Nanomaterials and devices for water and air [electronic resource]
Keywords: Materials Science and Engineering.

One of the challenges in sustainable development is to conserve the natural resources and environment. Fresh water and clean air are the foundation to the public health. However, the long existing and new emerging pollution problems have raised serious concerns. In my Ph.D. study, I worked on developing nanomaterials and nanotechnologies to provide new solutions to the environmental problems from rational design to device realization. In chapter one and two, I will introduce the air pollution problem, air filtration background and how we use nanotechnology to solve the air pollution problems. A transparent air filter is introduced for highly efficient PM2.5 capture to protect indoor air quality. During haze occurrence, although outdoor individual protection could be achieved by facial masks, indoor air usually relies on expensive and energy-intensive air-filtering devices. We demonstrate a transparent air filter for indoor air protection through windows that uses natural passive ventilation to effectively protect the indoor air quality. By controlling the surface chemistry to enable strong PM adhesion and also the microstructure of the air filters to increase the capture possibilities, we achieve transparent, high air flow and highly effective air filters of ~90% transparency with > 95.00% removal of PM2.5 under extreme hazardous air-quality conditions. A field test in Beijing shows that our transparent air filter can removal 98.69% of PM2.5 at high transmittance of ~77% during haze occurrence. In chapter three to six, I will focus on water pollution problem, especially on pathogen pollutions, and introduce two nanotechnology enabled methods for water disinfection. Safe water scarcity occurs mostly in developing regions that also suffer from energy shortages and infrastructure deficiencies. Hence, high-speed, low-cost and energy efficient water disinfection are in great need to solve the water problem in these regions. In chapter four and five, one dimensional nanomaterial assisted electroporation was introduced for fast water disinfection. With conducing filter made from AgNW or CuONW, we have achieved > 99.9999% disinfection of model bacteria and viruses with contact time of only 1s. The filtration device that relies only on high electric field for water disinfection can be powered by battery or motion generated static electricity. Finally in chapter six, I will introduce a visible light photocatalytic water disinfection. Finding a good photocatalyst that can harvest visible sunlight for the generation of reactive oxygen species will enhance the solar energy usage for water disinfection in the developing areas. I show that vertical aligned few layers of MoS2, as a new photocatalyst, can successfully disinfect bacteria using the full range of visible light. With the rational selection of catalyst to promote electron-hole separation and reactive oxygen species generation, MoS2-Cu can achieve 99.999% bacteria disinfection in 20 min.
Nano-optical conveyor belt using plasmonic tweezers [electronic resource]
Keywords: Electrical Engineering.

Manipulating nanoscopic objects with near-field optical devices is becoming increasingly attractive for optofluidic and lab-on-a-chip applications. While conventional optical tweezers have proven to be powerful tools in biology, physics and nanoscience, they suffer from the diffraction limit (~ half of the light wavelength) and hence low trapping efficiency for nanoscale objects. Among all the near-field optical approaches, resonant plasmonic nanostructures are particularly promising because of the significantly stronger and tighter trapping enabled by their extraordinary field enhancement combined with deeply subwavelength spot size. Furthermore a plasmonic trapping system is much more scalable and cost-effective, promising greater potential for on-chip integration. However one major problem of this approach is the difficulty of producing controlled movement over a reasonable range. While trapping of nanoscale objects with plasmonic tweezers has been successfully demonstrated, transport and manipulation over long distance has remained a considerable challenge. In this thesis I describe the use of plasmonic nanostructures to construct a nano-optical conveyor belt (NOCB) for long-range transport and manipulation. The first such nanostructure evaluated as the building block of the conveyor belt was the C-shaped engraving (CSE). Analysis indicated that this geometry exhibits extraordinary intensity enhancement (~ 500) due to plasmonic resonance and hence produces a much stronger (~ 20x) near-field trapping force than that of conventional optical tweezers under the same power density of illumination. Besides, these engravings can be densely packed together with negligible interference owing to the small skin depth of gold (20-30nm) in the NIR wavelength range. Closely packing a repeating chain of three or more plasmonic structures with separately addressable resonance then forms a "nano-optical conveyor belt", on which nanoparticles are transported through handoff between adjacent traps. This mechanism is clearly revealed by the numerical calculations of the optical force and potential profile along the conveyor belt. The device was fabricated using electron beam lithograpy and a dual-layer template-stripping process, which produces much smoother gold surface than direct deposition methods to facilitate particle transport. Using the as-made device we successfully demonstrated handoff between two orthogonally oriented CSEs for polystyrene spheres 200 nm, 390 nm and 500 nm in diameter, as well as continuous transport on a 4.5 μm long conveyor belt driven merely by polarization rotation. Finally the transport dynamics of the conveyor belt is studied with the help of Brownian motion simulations. The results predict the existence of a cutoff driving frequency which depends on the illumination power and a maximum transport speed. This nonlinear behavior promises more interesting applications such as sorting, routing and etc., all of which may be realized simply by desigining the proper illumination protocol.
Neoclassical gestures [electronic resource] : music-dance collaborations between the two world wars
Keywords: Music.

"Eighteenth-century music is, in one sense, all dance music." Igor Stravinsky's words remind us that the sublimation of social dance into art music constitutes the lynchpin of classical forms that he, like many other neoclassical composers, returned to after the First World War. After Theodor W. Adorno positioned Stravinsky as a regressive antipode to Schoenberg the Progressive, aligning the former's music with reactionary, even fascist ideological tendencies, "neoclassicism" has had to shoulder disparate meanings and derogatory connotations. The term's checkered reception history, which includes classical appropriations by totalitarian art, brings together culture, politics and aesthetics in volatile constellations with one another. An event-based, dance-centered approach to studying what I call neoclassical gestures -- musical, choreographic and political elements that refer backward and outward through the amalgamation of past and present cultural allusion -- presents an opportunity to move beyond the historical moment of Adorno's polemic by contextualizing neoclassicism's community-forming potential while, at the same time, emphasizing its stylistic and ideological heterogeneity. My dissertation both broadens and qualifies the phenomenon of neoclassicism in music by investigating three interwar ballet productions: Francis Poulenc's Les Biches (1924), Kurt Weill's Die sieben Todsünden (1933), and Constant Lambert's Horoscope (1938). Designed to explore diverse European neoclassicisms through the lens of music-dance relationships, these case studies seek to capture the shifting perspectives and social factors that defined the cultural landscape during this period. Of key significance to this intermedial analysis is the mutable role played by irony. By showing how the diverse uses of popular dance by interwar composers went hand in hand with classical emulation and aspirations toward classicality, this dissertation establishes the terms for a reconciliation between neoclassical repertoire and the modernist canon.
A new construction of virtual fundamental cycles in symplectic geometry [electronic resource]
Keywords: Mathematics.

We develop techniques for defining and working with virtual fundamental cycles on moduli spaces of pseudo-holomorphic curves which are not necessarily cut out transversally. Such techniques have the potential for applications as foundations for invariants in symplectic topology arising from "counting" pseudo-holomorphic curves. We introduce the notion of an implicit atlas on a moduli space, which is (roughly) a convenient system of local finite-dimensional reductions. We present a general intrinsic strategy for constructing a canonical implicit atlas on any moduli space of pseudo-holomorphic curves. The main technical step in applying this strategy in any particular setting is to prove appropriate gluing theorems. We require only topological gluing theorems, that is, smoothness of the transition maps between gluing charts need not be addressed. Our approach to virtual fundamental cycles is algebraic rather than geometric (in particular, we do not use perturbation). Sheaf-theoretic tools play an important role in setting up our functorial algebraic "VFC package". We illustrate the methods we introduce by giving definitions of Gromov--Witten invariants and Hamiltonian Floer homology over $\QQ$ for general symplectic manifolds. Our framework generalizes to the $S^1$-equivariant setting, and we use $S^1$-localization to calculate Hamiltonian Floer homology. The Arnold conjecture (as treated by Floer, Hofer--Salamon, Ono, Liu--Tian, Ruan, and Fukaya--Ono) is a well-known corollary of this calculation. We give a construction of contact homology in the sense of Eliashberg--Givental--Hofer. Specifically, we use implicit atlases to construct coherent virtual fundamental cycles on the relevant compactified moduli spaces of holomorphic curves.
New methods and models for interrogating cell assembly, projection, and whole brain functional data during motivated behavior [electronic resource]
Keywords: Neurosciences.

While it is accepted that coordinated activity among populations of neurons in three-dimensional brain structures is critical to animal behavior, our understanding of such systems and their dynamics is circumscribed by available recording and intervention technologies. In particular, the ability to optically record and perturb dynamics in long-range, connectivity- and genetically-specified projections is needed to understand the roles that such inter-regional projections play in behavior, and fast methods to record and perturb population dynamics at cellular resolution across brain volumes are necessary to understand how cell assemblies coordinate across areas to encode and generate behavior. Finally, interpretable statistical techniques able to accurately capture the trends and dynamics in these complex data are required to turn observations into comprehensible descriptions, models, and theories. This work seeks to address these needs by developing (1) fiber photometry, a minimally-invasive method for recording bulk activity in connectivity-targeted and genetically-targeted cell bodies and projections during behavior, (2) SWIFT volume imaging, a method for synchronous recording and identification of cell assemblies across large volumes of tissue at high frame rates during behavior, and (3) interpretable statistical methods appropriate for high dimensional, potentially nonlinear neuroimaging data including those that are produced by SWIFT but also applicable to other whole-brain imaging data such as those generated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These approaches are applied and validated in several examples of motivated behavior including social approach behavior in mice, prey approach behavior in zebrafish, reward-based learning in mice, modulation of reward-seeking behavior by prefrontal cortex in rats, and incentivized decision making in humans.