VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Socio-legal integration of Polish post-2004 EU enlargement migrants in the United Kingdom
Keywords: migration
Polish
socio-legal
EU enlargement
integration

After the Enlargement of the European Union in 2004, around a million Accession State migrants arrived in the United Kingdom, with Polish migrants constituting the largest group. There is a growing body of literature focusing on their migratory patterns, networks, labour market performance, and identity. However, little has been said so far about the Polish migrants' relationship with law in the United Kingdom.
This thesis asks: how do the Polish post-2004 EU Enlargement migrants form their relationship with the law, and what are the factors that affect this? It focuses on the intricacies of migrants' choices of `semi-legal' over legal status, subsequent legalization strategies, and the interpretations of legality they result in.
Socio-legal integration has so far been viewed solely via state legal frameworks, following the traditional approach of the law-first′perspective.Thisthesisarguest
ˆ
i
tis¬the∈stitutionalarran≥mentsand≤galarχtecturealo≠t
ˆ
d
ecidethenatureofmigrants′semi-≤galrelationshipwithlaw∈thehostsociety.Amorecomprehensive∈sight∫othesocio-≤gal∫egrationofmigrantsispossib≤onlywhenwecomb∈e∈theanalysisthe∫erplaybetweenthestructuralfac→rsofthehostcountry′s≤galenvironment,migrants′a≥ncyandthect̲urallyderivedvalues,aitudes,behaviourandsocialexpectations→wardsthelawanditsenforcement.Thethesis∴makesacaseforaproper' recognition of migrants' legal culture in the study of their socio-legal integration.
The thesis concludes that semi-legality, as an initial response to the legal environment is not static, but changing. As a result, migrants' socio-legal integration is extended in time and gradual. Migrants' legality could be discussed at two levels - at the behavioural level and at the level of a value. Changing status between the two poles of legality and illegality brings with it greater appreciation of legality as a value. This research presents a strong argument that the relationship between behaviour and attitudes to law could be meaningfully investigated in an applied domain of the new socio-legal environment.
The earthquake cycle of the Manyi Fault, Tibet
Keywords: postseismic
rheology
afterslip
tectonics
viscoelastic
earthquakes
Manyi
Tibet

This thesis focuses on the Manyi Fault in Northern Tibet which experienced a Mw 7.6 earthquake in 1997. The remoteness of the area limits the feasibility of measurements in the field, however the climate makes it ideal to study by remote sensing, specifically Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The mechanics of the earthquake have been well documented however there are still numerous questions about the other stages of the earthquake cycle (postseismic and interseismic) across the fault. Previous studies of the postseismic motion across the Manyi Fault using four years of ERS SAR data show the deformation can be explained by either viscoelastic relaxation of a Standard Linear Solid body with a viscosity of 4x1018 Pa s or afterslip. We use the ERS timeseries and ratemaps formed from a network of ENVISAT SAR scenes from 2003-2010 to analyse the postseismic deformation. We create a series of afterslip models based on rate-and-state frictional laws, along with series of viscoelastic models with various rheologies (Maxwell and Burgers). Our results show that an afterslip model fits the data slightly better than a Burgers rheology but not within resolvable errors. A range of afterslip models fit the data well, with frictional parameters ranging from 8x10-4 to 2x10-3 and a preseismic slip rate of 8 to 20 mm/yr. The best-fitting Burgers rheology has a Kelvin element viscosity of 4x1018 Pa s and Maxwell element viscosity of 6x1019 Pa s. We analyse the interseismic InSAR signal observed before the 1997 earthquake using ERS data from 1992-1997 to find that the Manyi Fault was accumulating strain at 3+/-2 mm/yr. We also find the seismic locking depth was 22+/-15 km which correlates with the maximum depth of slip during the earthquake. We show there is no significant deformation across the fault to the north of the Manyi Fault which may be an extension to the Kunlun fault. We discuss an analytical 2D thin viscous channel model from literature that has been shown to match the data in this thesis. We show that, once errors are properly accounted for, their model cannot explain both the post and preseismic datasets.
Fronto-temporal connections in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Keywords: cingulum bundle
uncinate fasciculus
arcuate fasciculus
schizophrenia
diffusion tensor imaging
bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are chronic and devastating disorders affecting 1% of the population worldwide. They have the same prevalence in both sexes, although it is well accepted that schizophrenic men present an earlier age of onset, higher prevalence of negative symptoms and poorer prognosis. With the advent of neuroimaging techniques such as computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it has been possible to discover brain abnormalities in these disorders. The vast majority of the studies have focused on the grey matter of the brain; however, since 1994, diffusion-weighted images (DWI) allow us to detect white matter abnormalities (Le Bihan et al). This study aims to analyse white matter connections between the frontal and temporal lobes in healthy controls, schizophrenic and bipolar patients.
30 schizophrenic, 21 bipolar patients and 35 healthy controls were matched for age. Probabilistic tractography, the state-of-the-art technique, was used for tracing the uncinate and arcuate fasciculus and the cingulum bundle. Grey matter and white standard space masks were used for tracing these bundles and compared in terms of which were more consistent and reliable for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements.
Major psychosis showed a greater reduction of factional anisotropy (FA) than controls in the arcuate fasciculus bilaterally and a trend for decreased FA in the uncinate fasciculus bilaterally. No FA, mean diffusivity (MD) or Volume differences were found in the cingulum bundle.
Schizophrenic and bipolar patients showed an FA reduction in the arcuate and uncinate fasciculus compared to controls. Asymmetries were present in patients and controls for the FA, MD and Volume. No sex differences were found in patients or controls.
White matter masks are preferred for analysing FA and MD and grey matter masks for the Volume of a whole tract.
The crystal chemistry and hydrogen storage properties of light metal borohydrides
Keywords: borohydride
crystallography
hydrogen storage

This work examines various light metal borohydrides, particularly those formed from group II metals, with the aim of understanding their fundamental physical properties and improving their hydrogen storage ability. The structure of a new phase (γ) of Mg(BH4)2 is reported and the decomposition is fully characterized in a combination of diffraction and thermogravimetric studies. The bulk properties of γ-Mg(BH4)2 are compared to those of an SiO2 isostructure and probed by various neutron scattering techniques. Negative thermal expansion is observed at low temperatures and the material absorbs up to 1.5 moles of hydrogen gas to form one of the most gravimetrically hydrogen-dense materials ever reported. The structural evolution of Ca(BH4)2 under different synthetic conditions and external influences (e.g. temperature) is studied up until the material decomposes. The effects of various additives on group II metal borohydrides are also examined and the influence of each is justified by observing subtle structural changes in the mixed system via in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and 11B NMR measurements.
The Platonism of Walter Pater
Keywords: Plato
Walter Pater
nineteenth-century Oxford
aesthetics
Platonism

After graduating from the Literae Humaniores course, which after the mid-nineteenth century came to revolve around Plato’s Republic, Walter Pater’s (1839-1894) professional duties spanning thirty years at Oxford were those of a philosophy teacher and lecturer of Plato. This thesis examines Pater’s deep engagement with Platonism in his work, from his earliest known piece, “Diaphaneitè” (1864), to his final book, Plato and Platonism (1893), treating both his criticism and fiction, including his studies on myth.
Plato is an ideal philosopher, critic, and artist to Pater, exemplifying a literary craftsman who blends genres with the highest authority. Platonism is a point of contact with several of Pater’s contemporaries, such as Arnold and Wilde, from which we can take new measure of their critical relationships regarding aestheticism and Decadence. Pater’s idea of aesthetic education takes Platonism for its model, which heightens one’s awareness of reality in the recognition of form and matter.
Platonism also provides a framework for critical encounters with figures across history, such as Wordsworth, Michelangelo and Pico della Mirandola in The Renaissance (1873), Marcus Aurelius and Apuleius in Marius the Epicurean (1885), and Montaigne and Giordano Bruno in Gaston de Latour (1896). In the manner Platonism holds that soul or mind is the essence of a person, Pater’s criticism, evident even in his fiction, seeks the mind of the author, so that his writing enacts Platonic love.
Through close reading, we highlight his many references to Plato, identify Platonic subjects and themes, and explore etymological nuances in the very selection of his words, which often reveals a Platonic tendency of refinement towards immateriality, from seen to unseen beauty. As a teacher and an author Pater helped shape Oxonian Platonism, and through his writing we examine how Platonism informs his philosophy of aesthetics, history, myth, epistemology, ethics, language, and style.
Human population structure and demographic history using genetic markers
Keywords: population structure
Y chromosome
Genetic history
Linkage disequilibrium
Orkney
Neolithic
admixture
Lemba
Norse Viking
drug metabolising enzymes
Palaeolithic

The evolutionary history of the human species has generated complex patterns of population structure and linkage disequilibrium (non-random associations of alleles at different loci or LD). The understanding of these patterns is crucial to two of the most important challenges facing biomedical science today: the identification of disease predisposing genes and prediction of variable drug reactions. The genetic variation revealed by these endeavours can also illuminate the underlying population historical processes. Here, I illustrate each of these applications: first, by assessing the demographic context of cultural change in the British Isles. Y chromosome variation indicates that the Viking age invasions left a significant paternal legacy (at least in Orkney), while the Neolithic and Iron Age cultural transitions did not. In contrast, mitochondrial DNA and X chromosome variation indicate that one or more of these pre-Anglo-Saxon revolutions had a major effect on the maternal genetic heritage of the British Isles. Second, I provide conclusive evidence that diverse demographic histories produce strikingly different patterns of association. Elevated LD extends an order of magnitude further in the Lemba, a Bantu-Semitic hybrid population, than in the putative parental populations. A significant relationship between allele-frequency differentials in the parental populations and the Lemba LD demonstrates that it is admixture-generated. Third, I demonstrate that the genetic structure inferred in a heterogeneous sample using neutral markers (a) shows ethnic labels to be inaccurate descriptions of human population structure, and (b) predicts drug metabolising profiles, defined by the distribution of drug metabolising enzyme variants. Thus the trade-off between therapeutic response and adverse drug reactions will differ between different sub-clusters. Assessment of genetic structure during drug trials is therefore, like the empirical evaluation of each population’s pattern of LD, a necessity.
Physiological studies of visual perception
Keywords: MEG
bistable
internal switch
structure from motion
magnetoencephalography
ambiguous
autism

The problem of investigating the neural basis of higher cognitive function is receiving considerable attention with the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how participants perceive a bistable, rotating structure from motion (SFM) cylinder, looking in particular at which areas of the brain are responsible for generating the internal switch that causes a perceptual change. Another aim was to discover how participants with autism, a neurodevelopmental condition thought to affect higher functioning, might differ in their perception of a similar stimulus. This thesis aimed to assess the interplay of bottom-up and top-down processing and the affect autism might have on the perception of multiple rotating SFM cylinders. Quantitative data were collected using Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and psychophysical testing. Participants viewed a continually rotating bistable SFM cylinder, giving responses in the form of a button press, whilst functional imaging was recorded using MEG. They were either presented; an ambiguous SFM cylinder in which participants were able to report perceptual switches, or a stable SFM 3D cylinder in which participants could report stimulus induced switches when the disparity of the stimulus was reversed. The results of this study showed a statistically significant increase in left frontal cortex activity 1180ms prior to the behavioural response to perceptual switches (p<0.05 when comparing perceptual switches to stimulus induced switches). When testing participants with autism, a behavioural psychophysics set up was used and participants indicated the direction of rotation of a continuously rotating SFM cylinder. Participants with autism showed borderline statistically significant reduced perceptual durations when viewing a constantly rotating bistable SFM cylinder (p<0.10). The increase in activity in the left frontal area was interpreted as evidence of the internal switch responsible for the perceptual change participants reported and could be the neuronal signature for the top-down control of perceptual switches. The reduced perceptual durations seen in participants with autism could be due to a weaker involvement of top-down control leading to a less stable perception, with local instability taking a greater role, however more participants would be required in order to get statistically significant results. Further work is required to localise the brain area of increased activity preceding intrinsic switches, incorporating an increased number of participants. In order to assess how brain function is altered in the autism spectrum, perceptual switching should be investigated in the participants with autism using a neuroimaging methodology.
Is the prevention and/or cure of autism a morally legitimate quest?
Keywords: reproductive selection
autism interventions
Disability
social model

The thesis explores the ethical questions underlying important contemporary debates about how society should respond to autism; whether autism is 'disease', 'disability' or 'difference', and whether it requires 'treatment' or 'acceptance'. Part 1 comprises a historical overview of how knowledge about autism has evolved through the perspective of contrasting stakeholders – clinicians and researchers, parents, professionals, the neuro-diversity movement. It reviews the main areas of academic ethical discussion to date with regard to autism, and proposes a new analytic framework – structured in terms of six 'categories of intervention': from pre-conceptual measures to post-birth interventions targeted towards infants and adults, and from individuals through to wider societal measures. Part 2 then conducts an ethical analysis using this framework. Examples are offered at each stage of intervention, along with a discussion of the ethical questions posed at each one.
Part 3 reflects on the questions to which Part 2 has given rise, addressing the way ethical positions on how to respond to autism rely on wider views about quality of life and wellbeing; parental virtues; the impact of local decisions on wider states of affairs (the Big Conundrum); and views on "where autism sits" in comparison with other conditions (the Analogy Challenge). It is argued that to conflate autism and suffering is to fail to do justice to extreme variations among autistic people, and disguises the extent to which external barriers may be the main obstacles to flourishing for autistic people and their families. The real-life conditions in which autistic people and their families struggle for recognition and support are therefore held to be of crucial significance for making both global and localised ethical judgements. It is therefore concluded that cure and/or prevention are not morally defensible as global targets for autism as a whole, but should be clearly distinguished from the ethical importance of supportive and therapeutic interventions to address particular problems that autistic individuals may have. The implications, for research and practice, are spelled out, with particular emphasis on the need for further dialogue among all stakeholders.
Repatriation and the production of kinship and memory: anthropological perspectives on the repatriation of Haida ancestral remains
Keywords: material culture
kinship
memory
Northwest Coast
repatriation

An ethnographic approach is used to produce a nuanced investigation of the efforts of the Haida First Nation in British Columbia, Canada, to repatriate the human remains of their ancestors from collections around the world. The result is a contextualisation of Haida repatriation within values and structures of kinship—a position that stands in contrast to the frequent use of political or legalistic frameworks to understand repatriation issues. Incorporating Haida sensibilities toward kinship relations is necessary as analyses based in colonial or post-colonial encounters fail to account for the full range of motivating factors, which include the Haida value of yahgudangang (‘to pay respect’ and ‘to be fit for respect’) and the agency of ancestors after death. Furthermore, it is argued that kinship is the predominant structure through which Haidas experience identity, history and memory. Repatriation is therefore approached as a collective space in which kinship and memories are created, as well as a collective space in which remembering occurs. In order to understand how the individual elements comprising the repatriation process reflect and foster the construction of kinship, the expectations and obligations that exist within matrilineages and between moieties are traced, as is their material manifestation in objects, as well as tangible and ephemeral property. The sharing of embodied experiences between generations as a consequence of Haidas’ participation in the process of repatriation is shown to augment collective memory and family histories. The ways in which repatriation is incorporated within individual and collective narratives are explored as a further means of understanding the dynamic between the production of kinship, memory and identity. Avenues for expanding the current findings on repatriation, the connections between memory and kinship, and Northwest Coast scholarship more generally are presented.
Shape-shifters: Romantic-era representations of the child in the Wollstonecraft-Godwin family circle
Keywords: children's literature
Wollstonecraft
childhood
Godwin
Shelley
Romanticism

This thesis is a study of the representations of childhood in the works of the family circle of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin and their intellectual inheritors, Mary Shelley and Percy Bysshe Shelley. It argues that their literary representations of the child, as a group, form an index of their political resistance to the dominant cultures of their era. The thesis situates these representations of childhood against the backdrop of the Romantic-era cultural celebration of childhood as established in works by historians and critics such as Philippe Ariés and James McGavran, Jr. It argues that the new sentimental category of the child established in the writings of Rousseau and Wordsworth, paradoxically, tends to marginalise the child from the socially powerful world of adults, even while establishing the child’s new specificity. This ethical impasse is resolved by the Wollstonecraft-Godwin family circle through its literary representations of the child, where the child becomes a shifting metaphor for all socially oppressed groups. Moreover, the adult author invites the child to participate in the world of adult power, eschewing a totalising adult perspective that erases the child’s specific concerns. This thesis tracks the development of the versions of the child in the works of the Wollstonecraft-Godwin family circle, from their early, discursive, political works such as Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Godwin’s Political Justice, where they represent their late-eighteenth century ideals of political emancipation through the education of the child, to more imaginative versions of the child in their later works. I locate a moment in each writer’s career at which the adult-child divide observed in their early works collapses: their doubts about rationalist epistemology crystallise, and they switch to open-ended modes of discourse in literary genres such as novels, which allow more freedom for the coded expression of radical political ideas through the representations of the child. In their later works, especially in Godwin’s radical publications for children, the adult-child hierarchy is dissolved: the child becomes a complex metaphor, representing the varied political concerns of disempowered adults and children. The discussion concludes with a sketch of the imaginative appropriation and transformation of the Wollstonecraft-Godwin representations by the Shelleys. Mary Shelley, and to a lesser extent, Percy Bysshe Shelley, adapt the radicalism of their predecessors’ literary representations of the child to suit their own altered socio-political contexts.