VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Publishing Chinese art: issues of cultural reproduction in China, 1905-1918
Keywords: print culture
20th-century Chinese art
art as national patrimony
transcultural appropriation
photography
art reproduction
collotype printing
meishu

This thesis is an enquiry into the conditions in which various understandings of the newly introduced but vaguely grasped Western notion of ‘art’ emerged and sustained themselves in the name of cultural reproduction in early twentieth-century China. This Western concept of art was translated into Chinese as ‘meishu’, a neologism originally coined in Japanese kanji, and regarded as the embodiment of the ‘national essence’. Through a close examination of five art-related publishing events—the publication of the nationalistic journal Guocui xuebao; the launch of the art periodical Shenzhou guoguangji; the endeavours to compile a book collection on art, Meishu congshu; the making of the text Zhonguo yishujia zhenglüe which claimed to be a history book of Chinese ‘meishu’; and an example of image appropriation from Stephen Bushell’s Chinese Art—this thesis explores the ways in which different ‘neologistic imaginations’ of the term ‘meishu’ were constructed through publishing practices attempting to preserve and reproduce the ‘national essence’, by creating from the existent tradition a category of ‘art’ equivalent to that in the European West. Unlike previous scholarship, which deems any understanding of ‘meishu’ that deviated from the ‘authentic’ European model a ‘misconception’, this thesis sees these disparate understandings of ‘meishu’ as equally valid statements competing for dominance in the discursive field of art. This thesis thus argues that there existed at least three modes of utterances regarding the notion of ‘meishu’ in early twentieth-century China, and that the success of any such given utterance depended upon the acceptance of the authentic quality argued in its strategy of cultural reproduction. This thesis hence not only offers a detailed analysis of each publishing event, but also provides an interpretative framework within which the recognition of these utterances can be analysed by their strategic approaches to claiming cultural authenticity.
Poetry of inner space
Keywords: Frank O'Hara
Poetry
Space
Poetics of Space
New York School

This study examines the presence of poetic form in First and Second Generation New York School Poetry. Because New York School writing—where its existence is conceded—seems formless, it has yet to be viewed under a formal lens. Therefore, this study is the first of its kind.
In what follows, works by Frank O’Hara, Ted Berrigan, Alice Notley and Ron Padgett are contextualized and closely read for form, with an attention to the shaping propensity of inhabited spaces. While it is agreed that the external environment has the potential to influence shapes and forms of writing, domestic spaces also offer parameters which are traceable onto the page.
New York School poets lived in and wrote from alternative domestic spaces—untidy, disordered, congested apartments in downtown New York City. The forms of their poems are accordingly untraditional. New York School stanzas often take on the contours of these spaces, becoming linguistic rooms riddled with the tensions of indoor urban life. After outlining New York School poetry and addressing contemporaneous urban theories, this study asks: what role does the space of writing have on the shape of writing? More specifically, are New York City apartments reflected in the forms of New York School poems? Through close-reading and formal analysis, it becomes possible to affirm that New York School Poetry is formal, and that its form is distinctive in that in its variances, it makes it possible for the tensions and dynamics of living within the constraints of inner urban spaces to be fully pronounced and inflected. This is a study of the formal representations of those inflections.
The analysis of homologous recombination pathways in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Keywords: Holliday junction
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
homologous recombination
mismatch repair pathway
DNA repair

Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for the repair of DNA doublestrand breaks (DSBs) and damaged replication forks. However, HR can also cause gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) by producing crossovers (COs), resulting in the reciprocal exchange of sequences between non-sister chromatids. Therefore, HR-mediated GCRs are suppressed via the promotion of HR pathways that favour noncrossover (NCO) formation, such as the synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) and dissolution pathways, which are modulated by Mph1 and Sgs1 helicases, respectively. The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is intricately associated with HR via its roles in repairing mismatches on heteroduplex DNA that can arise during HR and in preventing homeologous recombination. Using a plasmid break-repair assay, we have revealed a novel, MMR-independent role of MutSα in promoting the formation of a subset of COs that is specifically supressible by Mph1, during HR between two completely homologous sequences. In contrast, the MMR-dependent function of MutSα, together with Mph1 and Sgs1, was shown to be required for the suppression of CO formation during homeologous recombination. These data indicate that Mph1 can both antagonise and promote the functions of MutSα during DSB repair, depending on the levels of homology between the two recombining sequences.
COs are generated by the resolution of Holliday junction (HJ) intermediates formed at the terminal stages of HR. Several S.cerevisiae proteins such as Yen1, Mus81, Slx1 and Rad1 have been implicated in HJ resolution. However, the in vivo roles of these proteins in HJ resolution remain to be confirmed. To directly and quantitatively monitor in vivo HJ resolution in S.cerevisiae, a transformation-based HJ resolution assay using a plasmid-borne HJ substrate has been developed. Using this system, we have demonstrated an in vivo HJ resolution function of Yen1, which acts redundantly with Mus81. Moreover, these redundant activities of Yen1 and Mus81 are essential for survival during replication stress, but are dispensable for DSB repair. An Slx4 and Rad1-dependent in vivo HJ resolution activity was also observed in the absence of Yen1 and Mus81 that was suppressed by presence of Slx1. Models describing how the nucleases interact to process HJs in vivo will be discussed.
God’s non-capricious no: Karl Barth’s “purified infralapsarianism” in development 1920-1953 
Keywords: supralapsarianism
Barth
lapsarian controversy
infralapsarianism

This dissertation comprises three parts, setting forth the thesis that Karl Barth’s mature doctrine of election, though avowedly supralapsarian, is in fact basically the opposite. I trace the development of Barth’s lapsarian thinking from its inception in 1920 (Romans II) to its maturation in 1936-42 (Gottes Gnadenwahl to CD II/2), and further developments up to 1953 (CD IV/1). The thesis of my dissertation comprises two aspects, one concerning what lapsarian position, Christological and predestinarian, underlies the Christocentric doctrine of election Barth developed in 1936-42, and the other concerning how he came to develop this lapsarian view. Part I examines the lapsarian position of Barth’s mature doctrine of election set forth in CD II/2 against the background of the Lapsarian Controversy in seventeenth-century Reformed orthodoxy, arguing that he has misunderstood some seventeenth-century terms and that his position is in fact basically in line with infralapsarianism in that for him both election and the incarnation presuppose humankind’s fallenness. Part II traces the development of Barth’s lapsarian position from its inception in 1920 to its Christological reorientation in 1936-42. In a nutshell, my thesis in Part II is that Christology and predestination started out as two loosely related doctrines in Barth’s theology, but as predestination, which was inconsistently supralapsarian during the first phase of the development, was drawn closer to Christology, which carried infralapsarian tendencies at first and became infralapsarian in the 1920s, Barth’s doctrine of predestination became more and more infralapsarian, and then in 1936-42 the two doctrines merged and became inseparable, and he became basically infralapsarian in both Christology and predestination. Part III comprises two chapters exploring doctrinal implications and further developments of Barth’s Christological-predestinarian infralapsarianism up to 1953 (CD IV/1). I argue that in developing what I suggest we call his “purified infralapsarianism” in a deeply historical-actualistic direction, the basically infralapsarian character of Barth’s understanding of election in Christ becomes more radical in that he leaves no room for the possibility of homo nondum lapsus as the obiectum praedestinationis.
Re-engineering bacterial two-component signalling systems
Keywords: two-component systems
synthetic biology
bacteria

Bacteria use Two Component Systems (TCS) to sense and respond to changes in their external environment. TCS are used to navigate to nutrients or away from toxins (chemotaxis) and to adapt to changes in osmolarity (osomosensing). TCS are composed of a histidine protein kinase (HPK) which trans-autophosphorylates in response to environmental change, transferring the phosphoryl group to a cognate response regulator (RR). Phosphorylated RRs modulate an output response such as protein-protein interaction for chemotaxis, and transcription for osmosensing. RRs are composed of a conserved amino terminal REC domain, and where present a variable effector domain. CheY, the chemotaxis RR, contains only a REC domain, whilst OmpR, the osmosensing RR, also contains a DNA binding effector domain. Recently, TCS have been used in synthetic biology applications due to their modularity and conserved signalling mechanism.
This thesis aimed to investigate whether it was possible to design a synthetic TCS composed of fused chemotaxis and osmosensing components. Synthetic RRs were designed, fusing the highly conserved REC domains of CheY and OmpR upstream of the OmpR effector domain. REC domains were fused across the α4-β5-α5 region, a region which transmits REC domain phosphorylation into effector domain activation. Synthetic RRs were designed to undergo phosphotransfer to their fused REC domains from the chemotaxis HPK, CheA, activate the attached OmpR effector domain and bind promoter DNA.
Four chimeric RRs were created, although only three were structurally viable; F2, F3 and F4. Each fusion bound CheA, and F3 and F4 bound CheA with a significantly higher affinity than CheY. The chimeric RRs could all be phosphorylated byCheA-P; F4 and F3 were phosphorylated to wild-type levels. DNA binding affinitywas investigated with fluorescence anisotropy, hosphorylated and unphosphorylated F3 could not bind promoter DNA. F2 bound promoter DNA regardless of phosphorylation state. These data indicate that phosphorylation of the F2 REC domain does not lead to activation of the effector domain. F2 is likely to be constitutively active suggesting a previously unknown role for OmpR α5 as a mediator of effector domain activation. Furthermore, using a simple fusion approach to design RRs is not a viable method to create a synthetic TCS with a controllable output.
The social mythology of medieval Icelandic literature
Keywords: Iceland
law and literature
literary criticism
Old Norse literature
Old Norse-Icelandic literature
sagas
literature and society
medieval civilization in literature

This thesis argues that the corpus of Old Norse-Icelandic literature which pertains to Iceland contains an intertextual narrative of the formation of Icelandic identity. An analysis of this narrative provides an opportunity to examine the relationship between literature and identity, as well as the potency of the artistic use of the idea of the past. The thesis identifies three salient narratives of communal action which inform the development of a discrete Icelandic identity, and which are examined in turn in the first three chapters of the thesis. The first is the landnám, the process of settlement itself; the second, the origin and evolution of the law; and the third, the assimilation and adaptation of Christianity. Although the roots of these narratives are doubtless historical, the thesis argues that their primary roles in the literature are as social myths, narratives whose literal truth- value is immaterial, but whose cultural symbolism is of overriding importance. The fourth chapter examines the depiction of the Icelander abroad, and uses the idiom of the relationship between þáttr (‘tale’) and surrounding text in the compilation of sagas of Norwegian kings Morkinskinna to consider the wider implications of the relationship between Icelandic and Norwegian identities. Finally, the thesis concludes with an analysis of the role of Sturlunga saga within this intertextual narrative, and its function as a set of narratives mediating between an identity grounded in social autonomy and one grounded in literature. The Íslendingasögur or ‘family sagas’ constitute the core of the thesis’s primary sources, for their subject-matter is focussed on the literary depiction of the Icelandic society under scrutiny. In order to demonstrate a continuity of engagement with ideas of identity across genres, a sample of other Icelandic texts are examined which depict Iceland or Icelanders, especially when in interaction with non-Icelandic characters or polities.
Aspects to T-cell phenotype during infection with HIV, CMV and Hepatitis C virus
Keywords: CMV
HIV
virus
Hepatitis C
T-cell
immunity

This work concerns itself with understanding the organisation of cellular immune responses to three major human pathogens - HIV, CMV and Hepatitis C (HCV). Each was studied to form three projects, each undertaken with a different approach - arrived at independently - and largely owing their origins to opportunity and circumstance as much as design. Each project led to exploration of a particular aspect of T-cell phenotype (that is the expression of particular molecular markers on T-cells) and its’ broader biological significance. I found that T-cell phenotype was strongly linked to the magnitude of T-cell responses (CMV) and the ability of T-cells to control infection (HIV). Finally I explored the significance of expression of a molecule known as CD161 on the surface of HCV specific CD8+ T-cells, indicating a phenotype of T-cell that may not follow the ‘normal rules’ applicable to T-cells in general.
Progressive messages: tracking message progress through events
Keywords: networks
messaging

This thesis introduces the Progressive Messages model of communication. It is an event-driven framework for building scalable parallel and distributed computing applications on modern networks. In particular, the paradigm provides notification of message termination. That is, when a message succeeds or fails, the user’s application can capture an event (often through a callback) and perform a designated action.
The semantics of the Progressive Messages model are defined as an extension to the message-driven model, which is like an asynchronous RPC. Together, these models can be contrasted to the message-passing model (the basis of Sockets and MPI), which has no event notification.
Using Progressive Messages allows for a more scalable design than permitted by either the message-passing or message-driven model. In particular, Progressive Messages can handle communication concurrently with computation, which means that one process does not need to wait in order to service a request or response from another process. This overlap leads to more efficiency.
As part of the study of Progressive Messages, we create the MATE (Message Alerts Through Events) library, which is a prototype API that supports event notification in communication. This API was implemented in both MPI and InfiniBand verbs (OpenFabrics). "Unit tests" of network metrics shows that there is some latency in event-driven message handling, though it is difficult to determine if the source of the latency is hardware or software based.
The goal of the Progressive Messages model is that parallel and distributed computing applications will be easier to build and will be more scalable.
Concepts and applications of quantum measurement
Keywords: Weak value
measurement
parameter estimation
Leggett-Garg
amplification
Quantum theory
venality
Fisher information
quantum measurement
weak measurement
null result measurement
Macrorealism

In this thesis I discuss the nature of ‘measurement’ in quantum theory. ‘Measurement’ is associated with several different processes: the gradual imprinting of information about one system onto another, which is well understood; the collapse of the wavefunction, which is ill-defined and troublesome; and finally, the means by which inferences about unknown experimental parameters are made.
I present a theoretical extension to an experimental proposal from Leggett and Garg, who suggested that the quantum-or-classical reality of a macroscopic system may be probed with successive measurements arrayed in time. The extension allows for a finite level of imperfection in the protocol, and makes use of Leggett’s ‘null result’ measurement scheme. I present the results of an experiment conducted in Oxford that, up to certain loopholes, defies a non-quantum interpretation of the dynamics of phosphorous nuclei embedded in silicon.
I also present the theory of statistical parameter estimation, and discover that a recent trend to employ time symmetric ‘postselected’ measurements offers no true advantage over standard methods. The technique, known as weak-value amplification, combines a weak transfer of quantum information from system to meter with conditional data rejection, to surprising effect. The Fisher information is a powerful tool for evaluating the performance of any parameter estimation model, and it reveals the technique to be worse than ordinary, preselected only measurements. That this is true despite the presence of noise (including magnetic field fluctuations causing deco- herence, poor resolution detection, and random displacements), casts serious doubt on the utility of the method.
The development of CT urography for investigating haematuria
Keywords: biomarkers
diagnostic imaging
hematuria
bladder cancer
cytology
transitional cell
educational techniques
incidental findings
ureteral calculi
prognosis
cystoscopy
neoplasm grading
x-ray
costs and cost analysis
neoplasm staging
pyelography
urography
educational assessment
kidney neoplasms
urinary calculi
diagnostic techniques and procedures
disease-free survival
early diagnosis
urological
carcinoma
computed tomography
kidney calculi
urinary bladder calculi
ultrasonography
ureteral catheterization
early detection of cancer
cost savings
urinary bladder cancer
diagnostic tests
sensitivity and specificity
diagnostic errors
biopsy
urinary bladder neoplasm
urinary bladder neoplasms
renal cell
diagnostic techniques
urolithiasis
cost effectiveness
retrograde
diagnosis
risk factors

This thesis addresses the three principal questions concerning the development of CT urography for investigating haematuria and each question is the subject of a separate chapter. The questions are:
What is the reasoning behind using CT urography?
What is the optimum diagnostic strategy using CT urography?
What are the problems with using CT urography and how may solutions be provided?
Haematuria can signify serious disease such as urinary tract stones, renal cell cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) and bladder cancer (BCa).
CT urography is defined as contrast enhanced CT examination of kidneys, ureters and bladder. The technique used here includes unenhanced, nephrographic and excretory-phases for optimized diagnosis of stones, renal masses and urothelial cancer respectively.
The reasoning behind using excretory-phase CT urography for investigating haematuria is based on results showing its high diagnostic accuracy for UTUC and BCa.
Patients with haematuria are classified as low risk or high risk for UTUC and BCa, by a risk score, determined by the presence / absence of risk factors: age > 50 years, visible or nonvisible haematuria, history of smoking and occupational exposure.
The optimum diagnostic strategy for patients at high risk for urothelial cancer, uses CT urography as a replacement test for ultrasonography and intravenous urography and as a triage test for flexible and rigid cystoscopy, resulting in earlier diagnosis and potentially improving prognosis. For patients at low risk, ultrasonography, unenhanced and nephrographic-phase CT urography are proposed as initial imaging tests.
Problems with using CT urography include false positive results for UTUC, which are eliminated by retrograde ureteropyelography-guided biopsy, an innovative technique, for histopathological confirmation of diagnosis. Recommendations for the NHS and possible future developments are discussed.
CT urography, including excretory-phase imaging, is recommended as the initial diagnostic imaging test before cystoscopy for patients with haematuria at high risk for urothelial cancer.
Microalgal growth and lipid production: trends, multiple regression models, and validation in a photobioreactor
Keywords: Maximum Lipid Content
Biofuel
Algae
Energy
Biodiesel
Tetraselmis
Specific Growth Rate
Photobioreactor
Mathematical Model

Algae are a promising new source of oil for biodiesel. They are aquatic organisms that do not require cropland, and they can produce many useful side-products for bioenergy, aquaculture, and nutraceutical production. To be cost-effective, algae need high and reliable oil productivities; however, there is still a great deal to learn about the effects of culturing conditions on algae growth rates and lipid production. These culturing conditions include light intensity, gas flow, use of CO2, and culture volume. An extensive database of published research on algae growth rates and lipid contents under a wide variety of environmental conditions was prepared. By graphing data from 116 publications on 132 microalgae species, several key trends were identified relating to culturing parameters and algae biomass and lipid production. In addition, data from 131 publications on 128 microalgae species were graphed to look at presence of flagella, nutrient limitation, lipid productivity, and productivity tradeoffs. Moreover, cell size information was gathered for 146 species. The interactions between culture variables are complex, so it is difficult to quantify the degree to which each culture variable affects algae growth rates and lipid production. Therefore, several multivariate analyses were performed to generate a set of general and simple predictive models to assess specific growth rates, maximum lipid contents, and volumetric lipid productivities. These models were used to determine which culture parameters were significant predictors of algae growth rates and lipid production, and the contribution of each environmental parameter was quantified. In addition to models for algae in general, genera specific models were prepared for Chlorella, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, Phaeodactylum, and Tetraselmis. These models show high predictive capabilities, and they greatly extend the range of species-specific multiple regression models available. Furthermore, one Tetraselmis model was validated using Tetraselmis impellucida growth experiments in a large novel photobioreactor.