VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Glenn Gould's philosophy of recording its implications for a theory of active musical listening
Keywords: Music, Philosophy and aesthetics
Piano music
Pianists, Canada

In 1966, Glenn Gould declared that the public concert was approaching obsolescence. Gould envisioned a new musical aesthetic to which was recording technology was central. This he believed was the “self-evident” solution to the various musical, aesthetic and ethical problems endemic to public performance, yet audiences have not heeded Gould's call. One might ask, then, why revisit Gould's claims now? There are various grounds on which one might profitably explore Gould's theories, none of which depend on the accuracy of his prediction. In what follows, I interpret Glenn Gould's philosophy of recording as an educational proposition, my concern being how well Gould's ideas serve the listener. I conclude that whether we agree with Gould's philosophy of recording or not, consideration of his theories can lead us to greater insight into our relationship with music as well as move us one step closer to a theory of active musical listening.
The development of a surface profile models in abrasive jet micromachining
Keywords: Mechanics
Mechanical engineering

Surface evolution models were developed for abrasive jet micromachining (AJM) of channels, holes, planar areas, and transitional slopes in glass. Repeatability of the erosion experiments was enhanced by introducing a reservoir mixer to the micro-powder blaster. The introduction of a mixing device within the pressure reservoir ensured that the powder remained loose and able to flow through the orifice to the air stream. The best available model in literature was modified to predict the erosion profiles in glass. It was found that the shape of the profile machined in the substrate strongly depends on the particle energy distribution available to the surface. The spatial and velocity distributions of particles in the jet of an AJM setup were measured and used in the model. These distributions were then used with the analytical to predict the cross-sectional profiles of unmasked micromachined channels in borosilicate glass, and later in development of models for AJM of planar areas. A novel model was developed that provided the effective erosive power distribution across a masked channel resulting from mask edge scattering. In addition, a particle tracking computer program was developed to model particle-mask and particle-surface interference to include second strike effects and adjust the effective erosive energy seen by the target surface. There was a very good agreement between the simulation results, the semi-empirical mask edge effect models, and the experimental profiles. AJM models for brittle materials were further modified by introducing a curvature-dependent smoothing term to the eroded surface velocity function, greatly improving the prediction of the surface profile in cases where the erosive power creates a sharp corner. A simple model was developed that allowed machining to an approximately flat surface, by the use of multiple passes arranged in such a manner that the summation of their energy distributions gave a uniform energy flux incident on the surface. Fairly flat planar areas were machined using the developed models for the AJM of glass, and there was a good agreement between the model predictions and experimentally measured surface profiles. Alternatively, a target oscillation method was used that resulted in much flatter planar areas.
Spectrum sensing in cognitive wireless networks: Requirements, challenges and design trade-offs
Keywords: Electrical engineering

Recent measurements have revealed many portions of the licenced spectrum to remain unused for significant periods of time, hence suggesting that currently spectrum scarcity is largely due to the inefficient and rigid regulations rather than any physical shortage of spectrum. This finding has led the regulatory bodies to consider opening up underutilized licenced (primary) frequency bands for dynamic access by unlicenced (secondary) users.
Regulating the internet-enforcing digital intellectual property rights in a global community
Keywords: Internet, Law and legislation
Copyright, Computer programs
Intellectual property

Whilst acknowledging that international agreements such as TRIPS should be the preferred tool in governing intellectual property regimes around the globe, I will focus on digital intellectual property rights in order to argue that an approach to intellectual property rights that balances the needs of developing and developed countries more effectively is required. More precisely, I will argue that protecting consumer rights such as affordability by employing a policy of price discrimination corroborated with a real implementation of the objectives and principles of TRIPS will increase (i) the legitimacy of TRIPS, and (ii) the level of compliance with its provisions. International protection of intellectual property rights is at an important juncture in its evolution. Achieving international normative harmony is an essential strategy for the developed countries in which intellectual property plays an important economic role. In this context, social norms such as the sanctity of private property continue to be used to justify a political agenda for strengthening intellectual property rights.
The effects of structured pre-task writing plans in L1 and L2 on high school learners' FSL writing performance
Keywords: French language, Written French
Second language acquisition

This study investigated the effects of three planning conditions (no planning, planning in English and planning in French) on FSL expository writing performance of 24 adolescent boys enrolled in the "Language B" course of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Program. The planning groups planned using structured written pre-task plans, and compositions were evaluated using the holistic scoring rubric for IB compositions (2002) as well as additional measures of fluency, complexity and accuracy. The pre-task plans led to higher composition scores in the categories of "cultural interaction" and "message" of the IB scoring rubric, but not for "language". The scores of the stronger and weaker writers were also compared: stronger writers benefited from the pre-task plans, whereas weaker writers did not. Within the stronger writers, the English Planning Group scored higher on more of the scoring measures. The findings indicate that planning can be beneficial for discursive features of expository texts.
The preventative war doctrine in international law: the Iraqi case
Keywords: Iraq War, 2003-2011
Intervention (International law)
War (International law)

This thesis is devoted to the legal analysis of the facts and arguments advanced in favor and against the 2003 invasion of Iraq carried out mainly by the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The facts of the Iraqi case serve as a backdrop for the analysis and arguments developed in this thesis. Both on the Iraqi situation and on a broader context, this thesis analyzes the Preventive War Doctrine formulated by the Bush Administration in the National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2002) and the merits of this doctrine of prevention under international law and its implications for international peace and security. In studying the Iraqi case, this thesis analyzes the law on the use of force under the UN Charter and other relevant sources of international law, and proposes avenues for change in the law.
GNB attitude determination control system and CanX-4 CanX-5 propulsion system contributions
Keywords: Aerospace engineering

The Space Flight Laboratory at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace studies is currently developing a Generic Nanosatellite Bus (GNB) following the requirements of two projects under the Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment (CanX) program. These projects are the CanX-3 or BRITE photometric variability observations mission and the CanX-4 CanX-5 formation flight demonstration mission. This thesis provides an in depth study of the overall performance of the Attitude Determination and Control. Systems (ADCS) for these missions including the effects of the CanX-4 CanX-5 propulsion system on the attitude control system and various mitigation strategies to reduce these effects. In addition, this thesis provides the detailed design, re-design and implementation of various components, simulation models and ground support equipment and procedures for the ADCS, mane of which were manufactured and qualified for flight on these missions by the author.
The recent boom period in venture capital finance: impact on staging
Keywords: Venture capital, Finance

Entrepreneurial firms in their young stage are lacking the cash flow and profitability that would enable them to pay interest or dividends. The venture capitalist's return is therefore in capital gains. Venture capital investments, to 90% in high technology companies, experienced a boom from 1995 to 2000. At the same time, Internet shares soared. IPOs (Initial Public Offerings) are the preferential exit means for venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, and investment banks in times of overheated markets. The common goal of those players was to sell as much shares as possible, as quick as possible. Venture capitalists had more money to invest, since the number of entrepreneurial ventures was limited, entrepreneurs had more cash on hand. The number of financing rounds declined sharply. Consequentially, the positive effects of staged capital commitments were highly alleviated and entrepreneurs had more freedom to invest in projects with negative NPV (Net Present Value).
Should the law of privacy draw inspiration from the law of defamation, and introduce a defence of qualified privilege for when the media wishes to publish private information about public figures?
Keywords: Privacy, Right of, Great Britain
Libel and slander, Great Britain
Freedom of information, Great Britain
Press law, Great Britain

This thesis explores the complex and often conflicting relationship between the right to privacy and the right to freedom of expression, focusing in the main on the legal situation as it currently stands in the United Kingdom. I will argue that, in order to solve problems of uncertainty in the law of privacy regarding how the media may act when it wishes to publish personal details of those in the public eye, the Courts ought to draw inspiration from the defence of qualified privilege that is available to media defendants under the law of defamation. The thesis will examine how this concept functions in the defamation context, and how, with certain modifications, it could potentially be imported into the law of privacy in order to ensure that greater legal certainty prevails and that issues of genuine public interest are not buried by the media for fear of subsequent privacy litigation.
Coming home: healing and renewal as transformative learning, a healing narrative for practitioners in helping professions and social and environmental justice
Keywords: Healing
Life change events
Social justice
Holism
Psychosynthesis

The thesis COMING HOME relates the author's personal story of healing and renewal as a helping professional, during which she formulated a framework of transformative learning that focuses on the inner dimension of the human being, developed from her own experiential processes. The framework's four-fold framework includes: (1) psychology, using the methodology of psychosynthesis (a spiritual psychology originated by Roberto Assagioli); (2) mythology, with a focus on the descent to the goddess/hero's journey and archetypes; (3) spirituality, premised on the notion of the existence of the soul; and (4) physiology, with a focus on chakras, in viewing human life as an energetic phenomenon. The impetus of the journey resided in the author's own existential crisis to find meaning in her personal and professional life, precipitated by a breakdown in health. The premise of the thesis is that woundedness of the soul is a common yet little known phenomenon in the human being. The author, however, more specifically focuses on how the wounded soul among helping practitioners can inhibit their own healing work with students, clients, patients, and marginalized groups of people. The thesis, therefore, describes healing as a transformative learning through time, that shifts the human consciousness to deeper and more expansive levels through practices that draw upon various modes of consciousness or ways of knowing that signify our wholistic human potential. Although the author suggests that the human consciousness is an energetic microcosm of a larger energetic macrocosm which embodies all forms of planetary and cosmological life, the primary subject of this thesis is the inner journey to wholeness in the human person and the challenge to heal disconnectedness within oneself that, in turn, requires an experiential appreciation of the spirit and the earth.
Socioemotional functioning and language impairment in children with prenatal alcohol exposure: a comparison with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Keywords: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Social skills in children
Children of prenatal alcohol abuse
Emotions in children
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit-disordered children
Language disorders in children

These findings substantiate the need for early screening and intervention efforts in children with PAE specifically targeting the areas of language, social cognition, and emotion processing. Further, this study has identified some of the unique characteristics of PAE, which may help to distinguish them from other clinical populations including ADHD. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the leading cause of intellectual impairment in the western world. Arguably some of the most debilitating repercussions of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are the impairments in social, emotional, and behavioural functioning and the increased risk for severe psychopathology. The study included 97 children, 33 with PAE, 30 non-exposed with ADHD, and 34 normal controls. Groups were compared on standardized measures of intellectual, language, and socioemotional functioning. Experimental measures assessing aspects of social cognition and emotion processing were also used to compare groups. This study aimed to determine whether children with PAE, who present with language and attention problems, show a different pattern of socioemotional disturbance than non-exposed children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Another aim was to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the severity of language impairment and severity of socioemotional problems in these children. Results indicated that the PAE group was impaired on many of the measures in the study. The ADHD and normal control groups performed within normal limits on all intellectual and language measures. While the PAE and ADHD groups were similar in caregiver/teacher ratings of social skills problems, differences were found in the severity of their emotional and behavioural profiles. Severity of language impairment was significantly related to severity of socioemotional problems in the children sampled. Performance on experimental measures of social cognition and emotion processing was distinct, with the PAE group performing below average on specific tasks and the ADHD group performing comparably, for the most part, to normal controls.
Getting it together: relational learning in a jazz performance context
Keywords: Jazz, Instruction and study
School music
Pedagogy (Music)

To inform my professional practice as a jazz educator and as a musician, I explore relational learning within a jazz performance context. Specifically, I document and reflect on my experiences of learning in a journal as I interact in performance activities within the Toronto jazz community over a six month time period. Themes that emerge in the reflexive journal writings are interpreted and represented through paintings, poetry, and jazz compositions, the latter of which are recorded on CD. The themes bring into question previously held beliefs and values about learning and music making—ideas which drew upon my understandings of constructivism as a philosophy for music education. The challenges that arise during collaborative music making experiences lead me to examine more closely the elements that optimally must be present for positive interaction. While frustrations I experienced during early collaborations could refute the value of learning within relational contexts, the writings of Kagan (1997) and Lambert (1995) alternatively suggest that individual accountability, positive interdependence, and reciprocity foster the potential for the co-creation of new understandings. In realizing that these elements are lacking in my own collaborative experiences, I pursue technical competence and creative confidence as fundamental to individual accountability. Chase (1988) and Werner (1996) demonstrate the mastery of these concepts within the context of music making—even in the practice room—supporting my earliest assumption of the value of learning in real life situations. In addition, I explore my role as a bandleader in creating music making contexts that foster the development of positive interdependence and reciprocity. The newfound understandings that have evolved through my exploration as a developing jazz musician provide insight about the subtleties of collaboration, enabling me to act more thoughtfully as a facilitator of such experiences both on the bandstand and in my classroom. My investigation has strengthened my belief in creating safe and trusting environments that emphasize mutuality and respect, provide positive feedback, and encourage creative problem solving.
The process of fact-finding before international tribunals: a study of the WTO dispute settlement system
Keywords: Dispute resolution (Law)

The Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (the "DSU") provides general guidance but few direct answers to specific questions regarding the process of fact-finding before World Trade Organization (WTO) panels. Therefore, in order to render the dispute settlement system effective, panels and the Appellate Body have had to provide answers to those questions as they arose in the cases. In the light of this, the main objectives of this dissertation are (i) to determine whether panels and the Appellate Body have set out optimal rules to govern the process of fact-finding and, to the extent that that is not the case, (ii) to make suggestions for improvement.
Two experienced teachers' perceptions of the International Baccalaureate mathematics program
Keywords: International baccalaureate
Mathematics, Study and teaching (Secondary)
Mathematics teachers, Attitudes
High school teachers, Attitudes

This study sought to understand the perceptions of two experienced teachers to the International Baccalaureate mathematics program. Components of the IB diploma program were identified which attract these two teachers and influence some part of their teaching cycle in their classroom. This information was obtained through a qualitative case study, in which data was collected by classroom observation, questionnaires, informal discussions and audiotaped interviews. Both teachers identified the IB diploma philosophy, the mathematics curriculum, the IB external assessment, and working with IB colleagues as the most attractive components of the IB program. The IB mathematics program influenced one teacher the most by strengthening her teacher efficacy, whereas the second teacher was most interested in the affect of the IB program on student outcomes in his classroom. Teacher knowledge and beliefs, teaching techniques and assessment strategies were affected to a lesser extent and by varying degrees between the two teachers.
Federal electoral district inequality, the Saskatchewan Reference and Mixed Member Proportional representation (MMP)
Keywords: Proportional representation, Saskatchewan
Election districts, Canada
Proportional representation, Canada

This paper criticizes the 1991 Supreme Court decision in Reference re Prov. Electoral Boundaries (Sask.), which held that the electoral map did not violate s. 3 of the Charter, despite government interference in the Boundaries Commission's mandate and significant disparities in district population. I argue that the Court's reasoning was flawed, and that it failed to protect disadvantaged minorities, evolve democracy or set appropriate standards to prevent gerrymandering. This becomes apparent when contrasting the Court's views of representation with a threefold theory of democratic elections (local representation, ideological expression and group decision-making). Discussing the role groups play in elections, this theory highlights the importance of 'one person-one vote', and how disparities between electoral districts lead to disparities in citizen voice and influence, damaging Canadian democracy. Adopting Mixed Member Proportional representation (MMP) would be a pragmatic solution to the Court's decision and the ongoing voter inequalities in Canada.
Turbulence modeling for high-lift multi-element airfoil configurations
Keywords: Turbulence, Mathematical models
Lift (Aerodynamics), Research

This study provides a detailed comparison of two turbulence closures for aerodynamic flows around high-lift airfoils; the first based on turbulent viscosity and the second on the algebraic Reynolds-stress approximation. A detailed analysis of their derivation helps shed light on their inherent limitations in predicting complex flow phenomena such as confluent boundary layers and flow separation found in typical take-off and landing conditions. One of each of the following categories: one-equation, two-equation, IARSM and EARSM is selected and compared on several low-speed high-lift configurations. Comparisons to experimental data for both mean flow and turbulence quantities are provided for all cases studied. Amongst the turbulent viscosity models coded and studied are the Spalart-Allmaras, Baldwin-Barth, Wilcox k - o and Menter's Shear Stress Transport model. A parameter study based on different pressure-strain correlations and dissipation models (or near-wall treatment) is included when studying the algebraic Reynolds-stress models for both the explicit (EARSM) and the more traditional or implicit (IARSM) forms. Results are generally very promising and of sufficient accuracy for engineering interest. Overall, the study indicates that for flows around low-speed high-lift airfoils, the algebraic Reynolds-stress construct does not represent a higher level of description than the eddy viscosity models since it fails to improve on accuracy. The basic underlying assumption of weak-equilibrium in algebraic Reynolds-stress models is outperformed by well calibrated eddy-viscosity models.
Who belongs to the "creamy layer"? Affirmative action in Canada and India
Keywords: Affirmative action programs, Canada
Equality before the law, Canada
Affirmative action programs, India
Equality before the law, India

Canada and India are both pluralistic democracies with diverse populations. Both countries have drafted constitutional provisions which enshrine equality rights and permit affirmative action. In India, various disadvantaged groups receive special protection from the Constitution of India, such as the Other Backward Classes (OBC). The Supreme Court of India has held that States and the Central government must identify the "creamy layer" within the OBC category so that reservations target members who are most in need. Otherwise, the OBC category is overinclusive. The creamy layer includes those who are socially and economically advanced and who no longer require the benefits of the reservation system. Race based affirmative action may be overinclusive in Canada. For this reason, I argue that the Supreme Court of Canada should explore the concept of creamy layer in any of its future decisions on s. 15(2) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.