VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Post-separation parental conflict and children's attitude toward visiting the non-custodial parent
Keywords: Children of divorced parents, Psychological aspects
Custody of children
Visitation rights (Domestic relations)
Divorced parents, Family relationships
Children of divorced parents, Family relationships

The primary objective of this study was to investigate factors contributing to children's attitude toward visiting their non-custodial parent. In this study, mothers were the custodial parent and fathers were the non-custodial parent. Interviews were conducted with 35 children (21 girls, 14 boys), aged 7–12 years (mean = 9.6 years). Children were asked to report on their attitude toward visitation; the level of parental conflict; and, the quality of relationship with each parent. Children's attitude toward visitation was measured along two dimensions: amount of time they wished to spend with father and how they felt while visiting father. Mothers completed measures rating the level of parental conflict; the quality of relationship with their child; and, their attitude toward the child visiting father. As the quality of the father-child relationship improved, children wished for more time with father and reported more positive feelings during visits. As the level of parental conflict increased, children wished for more time with father. As mother's attitude about the child visiting father improved, the child felt better during visits. As the frequency of using the child as a messenger increased, the child felt worse during visits. In families with high post-separation parental conflict, boys rated the quality of relationship with father significantly lower in comparison to girls. Mothers of boys in this study rated the quality of relationship with sons lower than the mothers of girls rated the quality of relationship with daughters. The findings are discussed within a Family Systems framework. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
King's College purpose and accountability in higher education: the dilemma of King's College, 1827-1853
Keywords: Education, Higher, Aims and objectives
Education, Higher, Ontario
Educational accountability, Ontario

The first university in Upper Canada to receive a royal charter was King's College at York. Although petitions for a university in the colony are recorded in the late eighteenth century, it was not until 1827 that a charter was actually acquired and it was only in 1843 that the university opened its doors to students for the first time. In the meantime, three other universities had opened in the province: Victoria, sponsored by the Methodists, in Cobourg (1842); Queen's sponsored by the Church of Scotland (1842) and Regiopolis by the Roman Catholics (1837) both in Kingston. The story of King's College has been told in part and in varying ways by a number of writers and historians. W. J. Alexander and Stewart Wallace have provided brief, objective, chronological outlines of the major developments in their histories of the University of Toronto in 1906 and 1915 respectively. More recently, historians such as John Moir, Gerald Craig, William Westfall, and Brian McKillop have dealt with the history of King's College in connection with denominational history, the economic, social and political development of Upper Canada, and the transition from constitutional to responsible government. No one, however, has written a full book or dissertation with a primary focus on the history of King's College. This paper is presented in an attempt to provide an account of the founding of King's College and the quandary surrounding its development and ultimate transformation into the University of Toronto. The chronicle is focussed primarily on the political and denominational context and on legislative attempts to resolve the university dilemma. It also examines the roles played by leading political, religious and provincial administrators touching on the university question. The paper traces the history of King's College through the adoption of three university models: John Strachan's pedagogical model, Robert Baldwin's political model and Francis Hincks' compromise model. The discussion encompasses the rationale for the adoption of each and the rejection of the Strachan and Baldwin options.
A critique of language and literacy in educational policy: Hawaii and Canada
Keywords: Language and languages
Literacy, Hawaii
Literacy, Canada
Indigenous peoples, Languages
Indigenous peoples, Canada
Hawaiians, Language

The purpose of this research is to provide a critical analysis of educational policy in both Hawaii and Canada. Policy development requires an understanding of social, political and historical issues of language and current curriculum development. This research gives institutional policy makers a lens through which to view educational policy and a more comprehensive framework to identify areas that require consideration and revision. This research is important as it identifies the need for change in policy development and makes recommendations in areas of instruction, evaluation, and cultural and linguistic inclusion in the curriculum. The analysis shows that current policy, particularly with regard to language, is not meeting the needs of a multicultural and multilingual society. The outcome of the research also indicates that there is more evidence needed to support multilingual education, and therefore this is an area from which the field can benefit from further research.
Strict scrutiny for denominational preferences: Larson in retrospect
Keywords: Sects, Legal status, laws, etc
Sects, United States
Equality before the law, United States
Church and state, United States
Constitutional law, United States

This Thesis analyzes the meaning of the Larson denominational preferences test and discusses its current place in Establishment Clause jurisprudence through several methods: an examination of the Larson decision itself, a chronological analysis of how the test has been applied in subsequent case law by the Supreme Court; a comparison of the test with the Lemon test, the Equal Protection Clauses, and the Free Exercise Clause; and an examination of how the test is used by lower courts. In Larson v. Valente, 456 U.S. 228 (1982), the United States Supreme Court articulated a new test for determining whether laws that prefer some religious denominations over other religious denominations violates the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. The Court departed from the standard tripartite Lemon test and held that denominational preferences are subject to strict scrutiny.
Teachers leading and changing: case studies of teacher leadership in large-scale reform
Keywords: Educational leadership
Leadership
Teachers
Educational change
Educational innovations
Education, Aims and objectives

This is a qualitative inquiry about teacher leadership. Based on data from interviews with 60 participants, it investigates barriers and supports influencing the role of teacher leader within a large-scale reform initiative in one Canadian school district. This multiple case study and cross-case analysis explores the conditions impacting on five school-based leadership teams working to improve practice within the Assessment for Learning project in Edmonton Catholic Schools. Project emphasis is on building leadership capacity toward the development of professional communities, using assessment literacy as a curricular focus and vehicle for reform. The conceptual framework for this study centers on theories of change, professional development, and previous research on teacher leadership. An individual case study representing a withincase analysis of conditions affecting teacher leadership is presented for each of five schools, to preserve the integrity and unique qualities of each site. Case studies relate the experiences of the schools and their leadership teams, highlighting supports and barriers to teacher leadership as perceived by the participants. The five cases provide the foundation for a cross-case analysis of conditions that may influence teachers taking the responsibility to work as leaders in school improvement. Conditions found to positively affect teacher leadership include district coherence, commitment, and advocacy as well as administrative support; access to external expertise; knowledge of change and quality professional development; feelings of responsibility and high expectations for colleagues' learning; and, a clear role definition as change agents committed to shared goals of reculturing and the development of professional learning communities.
Barriers to retention in the Toronto Drug Treatment Court program: what provides the impetus to succeed or to fail?
Keywords: Drug courts, Ontario
Drug addiction, Treatment
Drug addiction, Ontario
Recidivism
Drug addicts, Rehabilitation
Drug addicts, Ontario

Drug treatment court (DTC) programs have been implemented and promoted in American as well as Canadian judicial systems as an effective tool for reducing recidivism rates. Evaluation of the program in Toronto revealed that the drug court participants' substance abuse and criminal behaviors are reduced while they are under the drug courts' jurisdiction and to some extent, recidivism is reduced after participants leave the program. However, while we know that there are positive effects of the program, the characteristics of drug-dependent offenders who benefit the most or the least from the DTC are less clear. A path analysis model showed that factors responsible for success or failure in program participation depend on past criminal history. Lack of stable housing was significantly associated with clients' retention. As expected, the stages of change data effectively predicted dropout status. Cox regression found predictors of dropouts such as, young age, criminal record, unemployment, and new re-offenses during program. A logistic regression model showed that clients considered 'unexpected retainers' were subject to conditions of social disadvantage yet quite motivated; whereas clients considered 'unexpected dropouts' had no housing concern, no indication of family problems but had criminal justice involvement in early stage of the program. Implications for the Toronto DTC, as well as suggestions for future research in the drug treatment and drug court fields are discussed. The purpose of this study was to identify those factors that determine study participants' expulsion or involuntary dismissal and long-term retention in the Toronto DTC. This was approached in three ways. The first approach was to investigate statistically significant factors that might predict retention and re-offence using latent path analysis. The second approach tested whether clients in higher stages of change remain in the program longer than those in lower stages of change and to predict what factors were responsible for dropping out of the program using survival analysis. The final approach was to identify characteristics and factors among clients who might normally be expected to not comply yet who do in the long run [unexpected retainers]; and who might normally be expected to comply, but who do not [unexpected dropouts].
An investigation of the relationship between maternal attachment-related characteristics and the aggressive behaviour of four, five or six year-old sons
Keywords: Child psychotherapy
Temperament in children
Maternal behavior
Infants
Mothers and sons
Mother and child

The aim of this study was to identify and investigate attachment-related aspects of the mother's internal representational world that may contribute to the prediction of childhood aggressive disorders. Drawing on the theoretical framework of attachment and object relations theory, aggression was presented as a hypothesized consequence of threats to availability of the attachment figure, "frightened/frightening" care giving and defensive distortions associated with unresolved maternal attachment. Twenty, single parent, mother-son dyads participated in the study. The child's score on the Externalizing Problem factor of the Child Behavior Checklist was used to determine levels of aggression. The Family Environment Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Adult Attachment Interview provided measures of the family environment and maternal characteristics. A set of hypotheses linking attachment-related constructs, the family environment and the adaptation of sons were explored. From the regression analyses a three variable model including: (1) unresolved state of mind regarding trauma, (2) the intensity and degree of expressed anger and conflict within the home and, (3) mothers' level of reflective-self function, was predictive of aggression. The unresolved trauma and reflective-self function scores were also significant in differentiating between clinical and non-clinical categorical comparisons of aggressive behaviour. The results of this study indicate that the development of externalizing disorders and childhood aggression may be associated with different maternal histories. In particular, the findings suggest that the impact of unresolved trauma experiences on the organization of the mother's internal world and her capacity to reflect on psychological states in self and other may have serious implications for parent-child interactions and the child's development. Findings provide further evidence of links between maternal attachment-related histories, disruptions in the attachment system and the subsequent adaptation of children. Finally, while the results provide strong empirical evidence for the theoretically predicted risk associated with an unresolved parent-child relationship, they also suggest that "organized" attachment patterns and the capacity to reflect upon psychological states perform a protective function in promoting the adaptive functioning of children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Race and representation: the impact of constructed images of people in the "Third World"
Keywords: Journalism, Social aspects
Mass media

Canadian NGOs (non-governmental organizations) raise money for international development projects using photographs of people in the “Third World”. This research asks whether the photographs fairly portray people. Do negative images perpetuate the stereotypes about people in the “Third World”? What are the tensions between representation and reality? What role does power play in race representation? Through interviews and content analysis, this study investigates photographic images used by NGOs for fundraising. Some NGOs tend to use more negative images than positive images when engaged in fundraising. Negative images are more successful in raising funds for international development projects in the Third World despite the fact that Canadians are tiring of these images. To be able to answer some of the questions formulated at the beginning the study, this research will look at the types of NGOs that are continuing to use negative images to fund their development work.
Rethinking RPM: did the courts have it right all along?
Keywords: Price maintenance, Law and legislation
Competition, Unfair

Minimum resale price maintenance (RPM) is a practice whereby an upstream firm, typically a manufacturer, sets a price below which downstream firms, typically retailers, may not resell its product. This thesis challenges the contemporary scholarly view. It argues that RPM is, at least typically, anti-competitive and that the current legal rule is therefore appropriate. The thesis first shows that anti-competitive explanations of RPM are more persuasive than they are normally considered to be. Next, the thesis points to major shortcomings in the pro-competitive explanations for RPM, and argues that these are generally unpersuasive. Finally, the thesis shows that RPM may be used as an exclusionary measure to forestall competition at the upstream level. This new theory demonstrates that RPM may be anti-competitive even in circumstances under which the existing anti-competitive hypotheses cannot explain its use. I conclude that RPM should remain subject to a per se illegality rule. The treatment of RPM by lawmakers across jurisdictions sharply diverges from what the vast majority of scholars consider to be the appropriate treatment. RPM is generally illegal per se; that is, it is condemned with no inquiry required into its actual effects on competition. Lawmakers have not, however, provided an economic justification for applying the per se illegality rule to RPM. The existing state of the law is consequently heavily condemned by scholars, who agree almost unanimously that it is in need of change. The RPM puzzle has attracted significant academic interest. Antitrust theorists have offered various explanations for RPM, most of which identify pro-competitive goals that RPM may achieve. The use of RPM to achieve anti-competitive goals is considered unlikely. Therefore, the prevailing scholarly view is that RPM is generally pro-competitive. Most scholars advocate a lenient legal approach to RPM and some have even argued that RPM should never be condemned by antitrust law. RPM is a puzzling practice. Having sold the product to retailers at a price satisfactory to itself, a manufacturer should want retail prices to be as low as possible. All else equal, this will increase volume and result in larger profits for the manufacturer.
Living between two cultures: the acculturation experiences of young Iranian immigrant women in Canada
Keywords: Acculturation, Canada
Iranians, Canada
Women immigrants, Canada
Women, Sexual behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the acculturation experiences of young women who emigrated from Iran to Canada. The emphasis was on understanding the unique and complex processes of negotiating a changed sense of identity following immigration from Iran to Canada. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Iranian immigrant women in their early 20's who immigrated to Canada between the ages of 13 to 20 years. Qualitative analyses of the interviews led to the emergence of four overarching themes and related sub-themes. The first overarching theme was silencing of sexuality. The young women's descriptions revealed seven major dimensions of silencing of their sexuality, including smothering of the sexual aspects of identity, lack of a comfortable 'space' and language to discuss sexual matters, limited routes to express sexuality, designation of women as responsible for maintaining family honor, gender-related double standards regarding sexual behavior, threat of becoming a Western woman, and penalties for becoming a Western woman. Another overarching theme was reclaiming of sexuality. Two central dimensions of this theme included acquiring sexual expression despite barriers and controls over sexuality, and honoring own values and beliefs regarding sexual behavior. An additional aspect of the young women's experiences of adjustment to the Canadian society was captured by the overarching theme of self in flux. This theme represented participants' experiences of ongoing transformations in their identity, induced by shifting cultural contexts. Four central dimensions of this theme included experiences of being torn apart by contradictory expectations of Iranian and Canadian cultures, feeling bound by gender-based restrictions, constructing the self in relation to what is expected and accepted by both Iranian and Canadian cultures, and being 'the other' in the context of relationships with Iranians and Canadians. The last overarching theme was reconstructing the self, which represented the young women's attempts to regain control and personal power in their lives. Four central dimensions of this theme included gaining independence, choosing validating social contexts, demanding egalitarian relationships, and shifting from dogma to faith. These findings and the implications of the study are discussed in relation to the existing research literature on acculturation.
Young children as 'other': discourses within the Ontario child care system, 1850-1940
Keywords: Child care, History
Child care, Ontario
Child care, History
Child care, Ontario
Early childhood education, Ontario
Marginality, Social, Ontario

This thesis examines the construction of young children as `Others' within the child care system in Ontario covering the period of approximately 1850 to 1940. The study utilizes poststructuralist strategies for textual analysis that consider issues of power, knowledge, and governmentality. Specifically, this thesis explores the marginalized position of young children within the child care system, and consequently their perceived need of intervention, regulation and administration. The research examines the construction of young children in Ontario during the nineteenth century in relation to the educational system. It explores how young children became important sites of discussion at a time of social and economic change. It also considers the exclusion of young children from the Ontario elementary school system and the implementation of the kindergarten idea as part of the morality and disciplinary projects of the century. In addition, this thesis shows how young children's exclusion from the elementary school system and their positioning within the kindergarten movement allowed the creation of day nurseries. The construction of young children within discourses of medicine and social work, particularly within the context of the demographic and social changes of the early twentieth century in Ontario, is also examined. The discourse of infant mortality is presented and discussed in relation to how medical discourses strove for the regulation of young children and their families. The role of social work discourses are discussed in connection to the administration of young children and their families through day nurseries, thereby allowing the construction of the otherness of young children. Finally, the study considers the role of psychological discourses in the creation of young children as ‘Others’ within the child care system. It discusses how psychological discourses associated with young children made the administration and control of young children and their families possible, and how such regulation allowed the construction of the otherness of young children within the child care system. In general, the thesis argues that the otherness of young children within the child care system is part of governmentality, rather than a part of repressive practices.