VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
A geographer's tale: nation, modernity, and the negotiation of self in "Trianon" Hungary, 1900-1960
Keywords: Geography, Biographies

Drawing on the private papers and scholarly publications of the Hungarian geographer Ferenc Fodor (1887-1962), this dissertation examines conservative-nationalist identity formation in Hungary between 1900 and 1960, a period which was marked, amongst other things, by the signing of the territorially devastating Treaty of Trianon after World War I, by Hungary's defeat in World War II, and by the postwar consolidation of communism. Looking in particular at how Fodor attempted to negotiate a stable sense of self against the backdrop of a conservative vision of the nation, the dissertation argues that, though Fodor was able to construct a relatively comfortable, middle-class life for himself and his family as a nationalist intellectual, he was unable to overcome the sense of fragmentation, dissolution, and alienation which had burdened him since his youth. Reading his letters, notebooks, diaries, and collections of photographs against his published and unpublished work, the dissertation argues that his on-going quest for meaning and wholeness was undermined not so much by a series of traumatic events, but rather by the nature of both nation and self as unstable "fictions."
How equality rights may expand the scope of expression for homosexual pornographic speech: a modified freedom of expression test
Keywords: Freedom of speech, Canada
Homosexuality, Law and legislation
Homosexuality, Canada
Equality before the law, Canada

Traditionally equality-based concerns have resulted in Canadian courts restricting the scope of constitutional protection of free speech. However, there is another role for equality discourse in freedom of expression analysis, one that considers the multivalent interests inherent in freedom of expression and affords the analytical opportunity for equality rights discourse to expand the scope of expressive rights. In no other area is this potential more prevalent than in area of pornographic expression, particularly when homosexual pornographic works are involved. A postmodern feminist approach provides a more equality-oriented approach than other feminist perspectives, and than the Canadian Courts have applied in respect of pornographic speech; such an approach recognizes the multiple voices of women, as well as minorities. By proposing the new expression test for pornographic speech, this paper suggests a shift in the law. This shift is desirable, if society is to encourage diversity and apply context in Charter adjudication.
Social and geographical mobility among the Irish in Canada and the United States: a comparative study of Toronto, Ontario, and Buffalo, New York, 1880-1910
Keywords: Irish, Ontario
Irish Americans, New York (State)
Social mobility, Ontario
Social mobility, New York (State)
Residential mobility, Ontario
Residential mobility, New York (State)

This dissertation explores the urban settlement and adaptation experiences of the Irish in Canada and the United States, using Toronto and Buffalo as case studies. The period 1880–1910 was studied since it has been identified as a key transitional phase not only in North American urban-industrial history, but also in terms of the formation of Irish urban middle-classes. Toronto and Buffalo were chosen with regard to their sizeable Irish populations and their capacity to represent urban society in Canada and the United States respectively. The dissertation firstly profiled the socioeconomic fortunes of multi generational samples of Irish households in both cities c. 1880. Although both places possessed Protestant elites and similar numbers of Irish-born in 1880, they differed in terms of industrialization, social atmosphere, and ethnic structure. While religion divided the Toronto Irish, those in Buffalo were mostly Catholic, and were affected more by Famine and post-Famine immigration than the former city. Residential clustering of the Irish was present in both cities in 1880, on a larger scale in Buffalo, but the pattern was mainly one of ongoing residential dispersion and integration, while homeownership attainment levels were similar in both cities. For a variety of reasons, the Irish in both cities demonstrated high rates of out-migration over the period, to a slightly larger extent in Buffalo. In any case, escape from unskilled work for the sons of Irish labourers was confirmed in both cities. The Buffalo Irish demonstrated a slightly greater capacity than those in Toronto did to move into middle-class occupations. They also, through municipal influence mobilized at the ward level, put many of their co-ethnics into public sector jobs. Politics in Toronto did not allow Irish Catholics similar privileges; the Orange Order link with city hall instead benefited Irish Protestants. Finally, the residential mobility study demonstrated the on-going process of residential integration of the Irish in both cities. In Buffalo, however, the ethnic geography of the city had a mediating influence on Irish residential choice, while the enduring Irish flavour of the First Ward contrasted with the disappearance of Irish Catholic clusters in Toronto.
A terrain of struggle: reading race in social work education
Keywords: Social work education
Social service
Race awareness
Race relations

For the past decade, Canadian Schools of Social Work have been required to address issues of racism. This ten-year period has been a time of policy and curriculum revamping, yet, the role of the profession itself in sustaining racial hierarchies remains undisturbed. Instead debates have proliferated over the proper language with which to characterize the problem. In these debates, racial difference is most typically described as a "problem" of diversity and oppression. This research analyzes the development of educational policy and how educators understand the process of infusing anti-racist content into the curriculum. Through a Foucauldian discourse analysis of textual data, as well as semi-structured interviews with social work educators, I trace the various linguistic and technical strategies used within the profession to erase race from the educational agenda. I contend that imperial legacies of diversity management continue to suffuse the profession. Recent efforts to conceptualize race must be understood in light of the profession's historical mission to rescue and manage the degenerate. The contemporary social worker appears very much like her imperial counterpart, the bourgeois social investigator. Anti-racist pedagogies, pedagogies built around the idea of self-reflexivity and the examination of white privilege, confront enormous obstacles in a profession that defines its mandate as the practical and benevolent treatment of society's marginalized and "unfortunate" individuals and groups. Pedagogy about race and racism within social work education is structured to fit within the accepted parameters of how practice is defined. Yet the day to day practices on which the profession rests, and which sustain the profession, reproduce whiteness. Thus "doing" race following this same formula functions to reproduce whiteness and race as one more skill at which to be competent. As long as social work practice is synonymous with diversity management and the development of competencies, we remain unable to reconcile being a "good" social worker with anti-racist practice.
Design, analysis, testing and implementation of the CanX-1 structural, thermal and attitude control systems
Keywords: Nanosatellites
Nanosatellites, Control systems
Nanosatellites, Attitude control systems

Recent advances made toward miniaturizing electronics and mechanical components have pushed the satellite market toward developing smaller, low cost satellites. In response to this, the Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment (CanX) was initiated at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies Space Flight Laboratory, in September 2001. CanX-1, the first satellite designed under this program, has mission objectives of verifying the functionality of several novel electronic technologies in orbital space. This thesis focuses on the design, analysis, testing and implementation of the CanX-1 structural, thermal, and attitude control systems. This includes developing subsystem requirements, completing the design from preliminary to “ready for flight” stages, and performing qualification tests. Analyses and testing verify that the structural and thermal subsystems are sufficient given both launch and on-orbit environments. Simulations predict that the implemented attitude control system can sufficiently detumble CanX-1. CanX-1 was launched through EUROCOT Launch Services on June 30, 2003.
The regulation of digital transmissions in Canada through copyright law
Keywords: Copyright, Computer programs
Copyright, Canada

This thesis examines the manner in which international copyright norms and the Canadian Copyright Act deal with digital transmissions. Canada's adherence to international copyright norms is examined in respect of the right of reproduction and communication. It sets out an example of the application of Canadian copyright law to a digital transmission. The thesis concludes by pointing out conceptual problems and inconsistencies in the Copyright Act and in domestic copyright jurisprudence. In respect of the right of reproduction it highlights potential problems in fixation in subsistence and reproduction, the technological neutrality of the Copyright Act, and the relation between copyright, tangible property rights and distribution. In respect of the right of communication it highlights potential problems in the making available right, the regulation of the right of communication in Canada compared to other countries, internal consistency of the Copyright Act and the complexity of regulation in the Copyright Act.
Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli blocks interferon-gamma-activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1
Keywords: Microbiology
Pathology
Immunology

Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is the leading cause of Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) infections and outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis in North America. In addition, multiple non-O157:H7 VTEC (such as serotype O113:H21) are also implicated in human disease. Clinical manifestations of VTEC infection include abdominal cramps, self-limiting diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. VTEC pathogenesis is attributed to multiple virulence factors, including Verocytotoxins, bacterial adhesion, effector proteins, and evasion of the host immune system. Interferon (IFN)-γ is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells, which are recruited to sites of bacterial infection. Signalling of this cytokine through Jaks-1 and -2 and subsequent STAT-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is required for transcriptional activation of immune function genes, which combat infection. In vitro tissue culture techniques have shown that VTEC O157:H7 and O113:H21, but not enteropathogenic E. coli serotype O127:H6 or non-pathogenic E. coli strain HB101, disrupt the IFNγ-Jak1,2-STAT-1 signalling cascade, as assayed using tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1 as a read-out. The inhibitory factor of STAT-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is bacterial in nature, the expression of which is enhanced following bacterial growth in the presence of epithelial cells. This factor is present in conditioned medium, in which it is heat, proteinase K, and trypsin insensitive. In addition, regulatory molecules of the IFNγ-Jak1,2-STAT-1, which include PTPs, SOCS and PIAS, also are not involved in pathogen subversion of this signalling cascade. The probiotic, Lactobacillus helveticus strain R0052 protects cultured epithelial cells from VTEC-induced disruption of STAT-1 activation, thereby representing a potential for use of probiotics in the management of VTEC infections. In summary, suppression of cytokine-induced transcription factors following VTEC challenge represents an immune evasion strategy of this bacterial enteropathogen. Therefore, identification and characterization of the bacterial factor involved will help to elucidate the pathobiology of VTEC infection.
The protection of indigenous and tribal culture in developing countries
Keywords: Copyright, Developing countries
Indigenous peoples, Legal status, laws, etc
Indigenous peoples, Developing countries
Cultural property, Protection
Cultural property, Developing countries
Folklore, Developing countries

This thesis examines the role copyright law can play in the protection, promotion and preservation of expressions of folklore in developing countries. Studying two alternative modes of protection; copyright and 'sui generis ' legislation, I conclude that while the latter is more accommodating of non-economic interests, copyright is better suited to promoting the economic interests of rights-holders, especially in the context of globalization. Given the extreme socio-economic marginalization of indigenous and tribal communities in developing countries, copyright can help communities exploit the economic potential of some aspects of folklore, if they so choose. Denying copyright in folklore, even failing to expressly recognize expressions of folklore as copyrightable, could place indigenous communities and/or artists at a serious disadvantage in the global market for cultural products. This does not preclude governments from implementing 'sui generis' regimes within their countries that specifically address indigenous and tribal communities' non-economic interests in expressions of folklore more effectively. (p. II).
Establishing a physical fitness screening protocol for Correctional Officer applicants in accord with the Supreme Court of Canada's Meiorin Decision on bona fide occupational requirements
Keywords: Medicine, Industrial
Physiology

Pre-employment physical abilities tests (PEPATs) have been utilized in physically demanding safety-related occupations for over three decades. In 1999, the Supreme Court of Canada's Meiorin Decision imposed definitive requirements for a PEPAT to qualify as a bona fide occupational requirement (BFOR). This led to the suspension of the existing PEPAT in Correctional Officer (CO) applicants. A National BFOR Consensus Forum established a template for the development, validation and evaluation of BFORs. The purpose of the present research was to develop a PEPAT for CO applicants to conform to the template of the BFOR Forum and comply with the Meiorin requirements. A physical demands analysis (PDA) involving 190 incumbent COs provided a rank-ordered list of the most important, most physically demanding and frequently occurring tasks encountered on the job by COs. A physiological characterization while these tasks were being performed by safe and efficient incumbent female COs, confirmed their high physical demands (VO 2 = 39.5 ± 4.3 ml·kg -1 ·min -1, HR = 177+11 bpm) and provided the criterion-based forces and aerobic fitness to control and restrain inmates (Wrist Hold = 71±14 kg, Arm Restraint/Retraction = 82±18 kg, Push/Pull =101±15 kg). The "Fitness Screening Protocol for Correctional Officer Applicants" (FIT CO) incorporated the on-the-job tasks from the PDA and the criterion forces. A physiological assessment and the ratings of subject matter experts confirmed the high validity of the FIT CO . Test-retest reliability (ICC = .997) was also demonstrated to be very high. FIT CO performance standards were established from the completion times of safe and efficient incumbent female COs. Although the FIT CO had no adverse impact on the pass rates of incumbent female COs, it was found that it could have an adverse impact on female CO applicants . This necessitated a consideration of accommodation. A training program was therefore undertaken with 40 general population females which resulted in an increased FIT CO pass rate from 32.5% to 82.5 %. This demonstrated that physical training provided the accommodation necessary to ameliorate any potential adverse impact. The FIT CO conforms to the BFOR Forum template and complies with the Meiorin requirements to qualify as a BFOR.
Optimal structural topology design for multiple load cases with stress constraints
Keywords: Structural optimization
Topology

The present research deals with structural topology optimization for multiple load cases. The problem is approached from a min-max perspective by applying the Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser function to the objectives corresponding to the individual load cases. It is shown that this method can be used to obtain results that are superior to those generated using other approaches. The study also investigates the plausibility of constraining the maximum local stress for multiple load cases using a single constraint defined as the Kreisselmeier-Steinhauser aggregate of the local stress values for a given load case. Results indicate that this formulation can be effective when used alone as well as in combination with stiffness constraints. Lastly, a new, two-phase algorithm for mesh-refinement is introduced. When used in combination with nine-node Lagrange elements, this refinement strategy can produce smooth, well-defined topologies and reduce hinges with minimal computational expense.
Towards a knowledge base for the preparation of urban and inner-city teachers: a social justice approach
Keywords: Education, Urban
Children with social disabilities, Education
Teachers of children with social disabilities
Children of minorities, Education

“Towards a knowledge base for the preparation of urban and inner-city teachers: A social justice approach” was a study founded on the premise that such a knowledge base could be articulated and taught, and that concerns for social justice should be at its core. The primary research question for this study was: What do teachers need to know, and be able to do, in order to be effective in urban and inner-city settings? In addition, there were three underlying sub-questions: Is teaching in cities different than teaching in suburban or rural areas? Should teacher education programs be contextualized? and Is the knowledge base for urban and inner-city teaching distinct? Praxis research is the broad research program within which the study is situated and the research design can best be described as interpretive case study. The collective knowledge of the participants related to the preparation of teachers for the children in their communities was the unit of analysis for the purpose of theory building. In an effort to conceptualize a social justice approach to teacher preparation, multiple social justice theories and key themes found in the work of Michel Foucault, Stuart Hall, Nancy Fraser and Iris Marion Young were explored, resulting in a theoretical framework that identifies social justice as representation and recognition of difference. Data were collected from fifty-two individuals who live and work within urban and inner-city communities in Southern Ontario in Canada, and Western New York in the United States. Participants included school administrators, pre- and in-service teachers, paraeducators, parents and community agency workers. Their knowledge, ideas, opinions and beliefs about teaching students from primarily low socio-economic status groups with diverse racial, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds are represented in the findings. This dissertation articulates the types of knowledge, skill and teacher characteristics that a social justice approach to teacher preparation could help develop in teacher candidates, and by extension, makes recommendations for how teacher training and the work of teacher educators might be changed to support the learning process.
Gender, class and ethnicity in the organization of neighbourhood and nation: the role of Toronto's settlement houses in the formation of the Canadian state, 1902 to 1914
Keywords: Social settlements, History
Social settlements, Ontario
Working class, Education
Working class, Ontario
Immigrants, Education
Immigrants, Ontario
Community organization, History
Community organization, Ontario
Women in community organization, History
Women in community organization, Ontario

This thesis explores the development of Toronto's settlement movement from the turn of the century to the advent of World War One. The movement in Toronto originally evolved out of the desire of some citizens, most of whom were well educated young women, to help improve the lives of the poor. Settlement organizers and their staffs wanted to reconnect the ‘masses’ with the ‘classes,’ and to (re)create a cooperative community in which individuals worked to benefit their neighbours and to develop themselves. The movement was founded on the belief that charity only sustained and perhaps even augmented inter-class fears and misunderstandings. Far better, settlement workers maintained, for educated middle-class women and men to help the poor and the immigrant by offering leadership, practical services, and inspiring models—in short, by providing what were considered to be the tools of self-help in the early twentieth century. Settlement work was focused on citizenship training. Through their clubs and classes, and through the services they extended to their neighbourhoods, settlement workers sought to inculcate their clientele with democratic ideals and the norms of class and gender relations in a capitalist state. But the settlements were also intent on implanting within the middle class an ideal of cooperative citizenship, which demanded that those who possessed wealth and education should act, in a very personal way, as leaders in their communities. The essence of the movement was a belief in the interdependence of all members of a community. The thesis argues that Toronto's settlement movement influenced the formation of the Canadian state in two important ways: it helped to create prototypical approaches to poverty and to the assimilation of non-Anglo-Celtic immigrants - many of which were later institutionalized within the state system; and it provided both settlement workers and their clients with the opportunity to modify relations of class, gender and ethnicity. Through these means settlement workers, benefactors and clients contributed to Canadian state formation at both the institutional and the ideological levels. Ultimately, the thesis presents Toronto's settlement house movement as a crucible for a developing ideology of citizenship.