VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
A study of the Arundel Society 1848-1897
Keywords: water-colours
monographs
Layard papers
prints
engravings
lithography
Arundel Society

This thesis gives, for the first time, a clear exposition of the activities of the Arundel Society (1848-1897). Founded to 'collect diligently and with discrimination the highest and best examples of Art and to bring them before hundreds of English minds' the presence of Aubrey Bezzi, Lord Lindsay, Edmund Oldfield, Samuel Rogers and John Ruskin on the Society's first council meant that the initial publication of engravings after two early Italian artists, Fra Angelico and Giotto, was unsurprising. After 1856, under the guidance of Henry Layard, the archaeologist and politician, the Society became even more firmly committed to copying and publishing frescoes of the early Renaissance. The council's aim in recording and publishing these endangered works of art was to educate the taste of the public and inspire artists to embark on programmes of mural decoration. The water-colours executed for the Society are discussed with particular reference to the reactions of the council, and of members and the press to the problem of their verisimilitude. About two-thirds of these copies were published as chromolithographs and the gains and liabilities of this initially very popular method of reproduction are examined. Other methods employed by the Society to publish fac-similies of classical and medieval ivories and reduced copies of the Elgin marbles are also discussed with general reference to Victorian attitudes towards reproductions. The penultimate chapter attempts to relate the prints and monographs published by the Society to the art historical scholarship of the period. It is shown that the council's publication of decorative quattrocento, provincial cinquecento and early Flemish and German artists was influenced by Henry Layard's preferences. His monographs for the Society are discussed and compared with the more scholarly, if diverse, contributions made by, among others, G. W. Kitchin, John Ruskin, George Scharf and Ralph Wornum. In the final chapter it is argued that the Society's loyalty to the tastes of the mid-century and to the process of chromolithography led to its dissolution.
Abusive pricing policy for emerging economies: the case of excessive pricing and price predation in Latin America
Keywords: abuse of dominance
abusive pricing
emerging economies
price predation
competition law
economic growth

For several years, the literature has discussed whether a country’s particular economic circumstances should be taken into account in competition law and policy design. This thesis discusses whether economic growth should be considered as the guiding principle for Latin American Emerging Economies’ competition law and policy design. It specifically explains why having economic growth as competition policy’s guiding principle makes a difference in choosing superior rules and standards, among the large range of efficient rules. In order to explain how economic growth as a guiding principle has an impact on competition policy design, this thesis studies whether the analysis and application of the prohibitions and standards of abuse of dominance in emerging Latin American economies are appropriate, and why, having regard to economic growth, a different approach might be justified. To engage in the study of such questions this thesis centres on the regulation of dominance and the law governing abuse of dominance, in particular on predatory pricing and excessive pricing. After a careful analysis of such institutions, an optimal rule for the regulation of pricing abuses in these emerging economies is proposed. Similarly, having regard to economic growth as the policy’s guiding principle, the mainstream standards on excessive pricing and price predation are evaluated and a different approach is found to be justified. It is concluded that economic growth should be the principle guiding Latin American emerging economies’ competition law and policy design and it is demonstrated that this will grant these economies policy soundness and identity.
Semantic pluralism
Keywords: Semantic Pluralism
Context-sensitivity
Semantics

This thesis defends Semantic Pluralism, the view that sentences express sets of propositions in context. It puts forward two arguments against Contextualism, the main opposing view, on which each sentence expresses exactly one proposition in context. It spells out two versions of Pluralism: Flexible Pluralism, which takes most sentences to be context-sensitive, and Strong Pluralism, which denies that context-sensitivity is widespread. And it defends Flexible Pluralism and Strong Pluralism from a number of objections.
Optimal control of vehicle systems
Keywords: vehicle modelling
optimisation
optimal control

This thesis studies the optimal control of vehicular systems, focusing on the solution of minimum-lap-time problems for a Formula 1 car. The basic optimal control theory is summarised as an infinite-dimensional extension of optimisation theory. The relevant numerical techniques for optimisation and integral approximation are compared in view of the application to vehicle systems.
The classical brachistochrone problem is revisited from an optimal control perspective, with two vehicle-relevant generalisations. Closed-form solutions are derived for both the optimal trajectory and transit time. Problems involving a steerable disc rolling on the interior surface of a hemisphere are studied. For three-dimensional problems of this type, which involve rolling bodies and nonholonomic constraints, numerical solutions are used.
The identification of 3D race track models from measured GPS data is treated as a problem in the differential geometry of curves and surfaces. Curvilinear coordinates are adopted to facilitate optimal control solutions. The track is specified in terms of three displacement-dependent curvatures and two edge variables. The differential model is smoothed using numerical optimal control techniques. The Barcelona track is considered as an illustrative example.
The minimum-lap-time problem for a Formula 1 car on a flat track is solved using direct transcription. The driven line and multiple car setup parameters are optimised simultaneously. It is shown that significant lap-time reductions can be obtained from track-specific setup parameter optimisation. Reduced computing times are achieved using a combination of analytical derivatives, model non-dimensionalisation and problem scaling.
The optimal control of the car on a 3D track is studied; the results are compared with flat-track solutions. Contemporary kinetic energy-recovery systems are studied and compared with future hybrid kinetic-thermal energy-recovery systems. It is demonstrated that these systems can produce contemporary lap time using approximately two-thirds of the fuel required by present-day vehicles.
Lamaholot of East Flores: a study of a boundary community
Keywords: social structure
Flores
Lamaholot
Eastern Indonesia
ethnology
Indonesia
anthropology
East Flores
Southeast Asia
kinship

Lamaholot is a population found on Flores and in the Solor Archipelago of Eastern Indonesia. The population is village-based and divided into patrilineal descent groups. Marriage is coupled with bridewealth and follows a pattern of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups. This thesis shows that a small group of Lamaholot in the administrative regency of East Flores shares certain traditions with a neighbouring population called Ata Tana ‘Ai. Ata Tana ‘Ai are a sub-group of the Sikka population in the administrative regency of Sikka. Descent group among Ata Tana ‘Ai are matrilineal and households were traditionally based in scattered gardens. Marriage is not coupled with bridewealth and instances of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups are here a consequence rather than a cause of marriage. The current fieldsite seems to have been part of the ceremonial system of Ata Tana ‘Ai and also to have shared a tradition of dispersed settlement in the gardens. The descent groups might initially have been matrilineal, but in the recent past there was also a habit of dividing children between the parental descent groups. Recent traditions of dividing children can be found throughout central-east Flores, but seemingly not to same extent as at the fieldsite. The payment of elephant’s tusks was a central feature in the acquisition of group members at the fieldsite and could be paid by both men and women. These payments were not necessarily tied to marriage and did not serve as bridewealth. In the last century outer social factors, such as the Catholic mission and the creation of the Dutch colonial state, have resulted in that many of the traditional practices at the fieldsite have been replaced with traditions from Lamaholot elsewhere. The residence pattern is now village-based, but gardens retain a central social and ritual position. The role of the elephant’s tusks has taken different expressions throughout this period of social change, and alongside the changing role of tusks, the traditional social and material authority of women at the fieldsite has declined, whereas that of men has increased. This thesis examines the current and the traditional practices in and around the fieldsite, and focuses on local definitions of descent group, kinship, and inheritance, looking at both biological and social perspectives.
Sleep and sleep timing in relation to light and emotional processing
Keywords: emotion
sleep
sleep deprivation
intrusive memories
chronotype

Sleep is a complex process: the timing of sleep is regulated by two systems (the sleep homeostat and the circadian clock) and there are many potential functions of sleep. The aim of this thesis was to investigate: the impact of light on the regulation of sleep timing (study 1) and the role of sleep in emotional processing (study 2).
Study 1 used natural variations in environmental light levels at different geographical locations, to examine the influence of daily light irradiance on sleep timing and chronotype using the Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ). 6443 students were included in this study from six universities from the northern and southern hemispheres. Students in southern hemisphere cities had earlier sleep timings than those in the northern cities. Daily irradiance was higher in the southern hemisphere cities. The amount of time spent outside, age and sex, but not daily irradiance, influenced sleep timings.
Study 2 explored the impact of an analogue traumatic event (trauma film) in students who were either sleep deprived or not sleep deprived on intrusive memories ("flashbacks"), sleep physiology and the impact of an increased risk of a mood disorder on this relationship. In this study the sleep deprived participants (n=19) reported fewer intrusive memories to the trauma film than those not sleep deprived (n=22). A change in sleep physiology was observed in the first sleep period following the trauma film, which was more pronounced in the sleep deprived group: increased levels of arousal, REM density and activity in the occipital region. Only three participants at-risk of a mood disorder completed study 2: their data are presented as case studies.
In conclusion this research has demonstrated that differences in sleep timings exist between cities in the southern and northern hemispheres and has confirmed that many factors can influence sleep timing. It has also been demonstrated that following a highly emotional event not sleeping may have a beneficial effect, which has implications for the treatment of people after trauma.
The jet energy scale uncertainty derived from Gamma-jet events for small and large radius jets and the calibration and performance of variable R Jets with the ATLAS Detector 
Keywords: jet uncertainties
jet substructure
LHC
jets
calibration
ATLAS
variable R jets

In this thesis the jet energy scale uncertainty of small and large radius jets at the ATLAS detector is evaluated in-situ using gamma-jet events. The well calibrated photon in the gamma-jet events is used to probe the energy scale of the jets. The studies of the jet energy scale of small radius jets are performed using 4.7 fb-1 of data collected at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV in 2011.
The gamma-jet methods which were developed are then adapted and applied to large radius jets, using 20.3 fb^-1 of data collected at sqrt{s} = 8 TeV in 2012. The new jet energy scale uncertainties are found to be ~1 % for |eta| < 0.8, rising to 2-3 % for |eta| > 0.8. These uncertainties are significantly lower than the 3-6 % precision which has previously been achieved at ATLAS using track jets as a reference object. Due to the increase in precision, uncertainties due to pile-up and the topology of the jet also had to be evaluated. The total energy scale uncertainties for large radius jets are reduced by ~1-2 % (0.5-1 %) for |eta| < 0.8 (> 0.8). This reduction will be beneficial to analyses using large radius jets and it is specifically shown to benefit the t-tbar resonance search in the semi-leptonic channel. The t-tbar search looks for events with two top quarks in the final state, where one decays leptonically and the other hadronically. The hadronically decaying top quark is reconstructed using a large radius jet, and the jet energy scale uncertainty is a dominant source of uncertainty in the analysis.
In addition to the studies of the jet energy scale of large radius jets, the first derivation of a calibration, and jet energy scale uncertainties derived with gamma-jet events, are shown for Variable R jets. The Variable R jet algorithm is a new type of jet algorithm with a radius that is inversely proportional to the size of the jet, making it useful for the study of high momentum top quarks. It is shown that similar methods can be used to calibrate and assess the uncertainties of Variable R jets as are used for standard, fixed radius jets at the ATLAS detector, although some adaptations will be necessary. The studies provide a basis for the calibration of Variable R jets in the future.
Aspects of structural design with glass
Keywords: glass

Glass is being increasingly used as a structural material. In particular, its favourable aesthetic qualities have made it popular with modern designers. The most recent developments have seen glass being used as major structural elements such as beams and columns. From the engineering viewpoint these new applications present a series of design problems which need to be addressed before a coherent and safe design philosophy can be achieved. To date there has been much work on out-of-plane loading of glass, and in-plane loading of traditional materials is well described. However, there is little published advice on design for long term, in-plane loading of glass. In reality engineers have been borrowing design concepts from the two former areas to try and satisfy the latter. In this thesis it is demonstrated that this is not satisfactory, and a new “Crack Size Design” method is proposed. Novel contact and fracture mechanics techniques are developed in the course of this thesis, which may also be applied to more general engineering problems. Of particular interest is the evaluation of the stress intensity factors for closed edge cracks in a half plane, and a description of their growth in a bulk compressive stress field. These techniques are used in an investigation of contact loading. Contact stresses are particularly important to glass design as glass is unable to flow plastically to relieve high local stresses. Hence “soft” interlayers are often inserted between the glass and the contacting material to facilitate stress redistribution. The problem of a rigid, square-ended punch loading glass via a perfectly linear elastic or rigid plastic interlayer is analysed. The results for an edge crack under such loading conditions are then investigated and incorporated into the newly derived Crack Size Design philosophy.
The bipolar phenotype: behavioural and neurobiological characteristics
Keywords: diffusion tensor imaging
voxel-based morphometry
alcohol
bipolar disorder
functional magentic resonance imaging

Background: Adolescence and young adulthood are particularly vulnerable periods for the development of mental health disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). Mental health screening at universities could aid in the early identification of particularly at- risk individuals, with the long-term aim of providing early treatment interventions to improve clinical outcomes. However, further research into the identification of appropriate behavioral and biological markers for vulnerability to psychiatric disorders – as well as into the acceptability and efficacy of mental health screening - is warranted.
Methods: Young adults were recruited via an already existing Internet-based mental health screening survey of undergraduate students at the University of Oxford. In Study 1, qualitative interviews of young adults with and without previous mental health problems were conducted to assess the acceptability and efficacy of mental health screening within a university setting. In Studies 2-5 we explored the hypotheses of altered emotional decision-making, reward processing and neurostructural integrity as behavioral and neurobiological markers for vulnerability to bipolar disorder via the study of young adults with a common bipolar phenotype (BPP) - some of whom meet diagnostic criteria for bipolar II or not-otherwise-specified disorder (BD II/NOS). To that end, we employed a diverse range of methodologies: alcohol challenge (Study 2); neuropsychological task performance (Study 3); functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; Study 4); diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM; Study 5).
Results: Findings from Study 1 suggest that young adults are willing to participate in mental health screening within a university setting, and that such screening may be used to offer subsequent treatment interventions. Taken together, findings from Studies 2 and 4 suggest a general blunted reward response among unmedicated young adults at increased risk for BD during euthymia, and additionally suggest pathophysiological similarities between BD and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) that may provide a causal link between the elevated co-occurrence rates of the two disorders. Finally, findings from Study 5 suggest widespread white matter microstructural alterations – which are likely to be neurodevelopmental in origin – among antipsychotic- and mood-stabilizer naïve young adults with BD II/NOS.
Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis of neurodevelopmental alterations identifiable prior to significant clinical impairment among young adults at increased risk of – or already meeting DSM-IV criteria for – bipolar disorder. They also suggest that young adults in higher education are willing to participate in mental health screening. Future studies should aim to identify more specific markers for individual disorders such as BD.
Conceptual and experiential self-focus in eating disorders
Keywords: mindfulness
self-regulation
rumination
psychopathology
emotional processing
anorexia nervosa
eating disorders

This thesis reports five studies investigating cognitive processes in eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. Chapter 1 describes background information about EDs. Chapter 2 reviews cognitive theories of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and discusses how integration of a process-focused framework, originally applied to depression, may advance under-standing of maintaining mechanisms in AN. Chapter 3 reports a focus group with AN patients that explores features of the subjective experience of the disorder. Findings highlight ruminative, avoidant and discrepancy-based thinking: features that are suggested to be indicative of a ‘conceptualising’ mode of processing. Patients’ reports suggest positive effects of a body-mindfulness group, which encourages an alternative, ‘experiential’ mode of processing. Chapter 4 presents data on rumination, experiential avoidance, negative self-beliefs and underlying assumptions in an analogue population and shows elevated levels for ED-concerned individuals on all of these measures. Chapter 5 examines mode of processing effects (conceptual vs. experiential) in an analogue population. Findings show differential stress-induced emotional reactivity, particularly in the ED-concerned group. Chapter 6 investigates mode of processing effects in a sample of AN patients. Results confirm that modes of processing have differential effects on stress-induced emotional reactivity. Chapter 7 presents data from a 10-month follow-up of AN patients. This study shows that changes in ED-symptoms are associated with changes in rumination, avoidance and aspects of schematic thinking. Differential stress-induced reactivity is associated with outcome. Finally, chapter 8 discusses theoretical and clinical implications of this research and the mode of processing framework in EDs, particularly AN, as well describing how future investigations may continue integrating this framework to the study of ED psycho-pathology. The current findings suggest that both cognitive-affective content and the underlying mental processing activity need consideration in cognitive models of EDs.
An investigation into the genetic basis of anxiety
Keywords: Genetics
Mice
Anxiety

This thesis aimed to investigate the genetic basis of anxiety in mice. The first half describes searches for genetic variation beneath quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and computationally pulls together data from several sources in order to assess how likely each variant is to be responsible for the QTLs. The second half describes the results of the behavioural phenotyping of three knockout mouse models.
Examination of the sequence data beneath anxiety-related QTLs mapped from quasi-outbred mice identified 326 variants across eight inbred mouse strains in the coding and promoter regions beneath a prominent QTL for startle behaviour on murine chromosome 15. Variants in the genes Muc19, Gxylt1 and Kif21a were pinpointed as being most likely to contribute towards the phenotypic variation of that QTL. 12 structural variants (SVs) were also identified across the same strains as being potentially causal for at least one QTL when the search was extended to the whole genome. Testing the association between SV genotype and phenotype in an outbred murine population implied that SVs in the genes Fam110c, Fam117a and Gm6320 had similar phenotypic associations across different populations of mice, although the associations in the outbred mice did not achieve statistical significance.
From the work with the three knockout mouse models, it was concluded that two of the genes, Eps15 and Car2, do affect anxiety in male animals, with Eps15 deficiency reducing anxiety and Car2 deficiency increasing it. The results for the Dstn mouse model were inconclusive. This model may need to be reengineered onto a less anxious background for future testing.
In conclusion, this thesis identified a number of genes and genetic variants, some of which do seem to affect murine anxiety levels. Improved understanding of anxiety in mice will hopefully lead to a better understanding of the causes and treatment of anxiety disorders in humans.