VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
Possessing the city: urban space and property relations in Delhi, 1911-47
Keywords: Urban History
Delhi (India)
property relations
land

This dissertation pursues three overarching themes. The first of these is empirical: to illuminate the actual functioning of the property market in Delhi. After reconstructing the pattern of depression and boom from 1920-40, I argue that these cycles shaped the nature of participation in the market. During the depression of the 1920s many indigenous financial firms came to rely on property rentals and sales. Alongside these, a nascent sector concentrating primarily in real estate came into existence. Compared to planned state intervention, most of Delhi’s urban fabric was created by private construction.
Analysis of the state’s relationship to the property market is the second aim of the work. The colonial state both embraced and was constrained by the commodification of land. Though it was the largest landowner in the city, it did not leverage this position. Rather than construction, the state was happier to act on the market indirectly. One means of indirect action concerned forms representations of urban land as commodity. Leases, advertisements and other documents were crucial for its circulation. The strength of the state in the property market derived from its role as enforcer and repository of representations of commodified space.
A third aim is to study the forms of struggle engendered by urban property. Struggles over commodification of urban land, when they took collective forms, did not necessarily splinter along class lines. In fact, subsidised housing emerged out of caste, class and nationalist struggles. Conversely, the commodification of land was at issue in struggles that were not ostensibly about property. For instance, this dissertation tracks its salience for understanding communal conflicts over urban shrines.
Taken together, the three themes constitute a picture of the city in which forms of capital accumulation – particularly those relating to space – cannot be ignored.
Functional variation in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in humans
Keywords: evolution
hypoxia
Tibetan
cardiorespiratory physiology
hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)

By undertaking a number of different experimental approaches at the genetic, cellular/ molecular and integrative physiology levels, I investigated functional variation in the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) transcription pathway in humans. My studies focused on Tibetan natives.
Tibetan highlanders are adapted to life in a hypoxic environment and exhibit distinct physiological traits at high altitude. Recent studies identified positive selection at two genetic loci, EPAS1 (HIF2α) and EGLN1 (PHD2), in Tibetan highlanders and demonstrated an association of EGLN1/EPAS1 genotype with haemoglobin concentration. Both are genes of the HIF pathway, which coordinates an organism’s response to hypoxia. Patients living at sea level with genetic diseases of the HIF pathway have characteristic phenotypes at both the integrative physiology and cellular levels. I investigated whether Tibetans living at sea level also possess distinct phenotypic characteristics, and whether these may be related to underlying variation within the HIF pathway.
I compared Tibetans living at sea level with Han Chinese, their most closely-related major ethnic group, and found that Tibetans possess a significantly different integrative physiology phenotype. Tibetans had a lower haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit, a higher pulmonary ventilation relative to metabolism, and blunted pulmonary vascular responses to both acute (minutes) and sustained (8 hours) hypoxia. Regarding genotype- phenotype relationships within the Tibetans, I found a significant correlation between both EPAS1 and EGLN1 genotype and the induction of erythropoietin by systemic hypoxia. At an intermediate cellular level, the relative expression and the hypoxic induction of HIF- regulated genes were significantly lower in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Tibetans compared with Han Chinese. I also investigated whether the genetic variation in EPAS1 selected for in Tibetans may be functional at the molecular level by affecting transcription of EPAS1 in cells and whether certain coding variants in EGLN1 found in Tibetans affect protein (PHD2) activity in cells and in vitro.
A small supplementary study was undertaken in patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis, who have elevated or inappropriately normal erythropoietin levels, to investigate if they have genetic alterations in the HIF system.
Zirconium oxidation on the atomic scale
Keywords: Zircaloy
zirconium
ZIRLO
zirconium oxidation
3DAP
LEAP
atom probe
zirconium oxide

This work was produced as part of a multidisciplinary study of the corrosion of zirconium alloys undertaken by a consortium of universities working in the MUZIC program; Oxford, Manchester and The Open University. The objective of the project as a whole was to further the understanding of the mechanisms of the breakaway oxidation process and to characterise these corrosion processes within a number of fuel rod cladding materials. This thesis describes laser 3D atom probe characterisation of the nano-scale chemical redistribution of oxygen and other solutes that occurs at the metal-oxide interface during corrosion, and a large body of technique development that was required to achieve this goal.
The development of the metal-oxide interface of ZIRLO, a Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-O alloy, is followed by generating 3D atomic scale reconstructions at four different stages of corrosion. The formation of a sub-oxide ZrO layer is seen during pre-transition oxide development. The ZrO interfacial layer is consumed by the rapid formation of oxide after the breakaway transition. After transition the chemistry of the interface is similar to the early pre-transition case, although an oxygen-saturated layer of metal adjacent to the interface formed during corrosion remains. The ZrO interfacial layer (Zr-ZrO-ZrO₂) and the region of oxygen-saturated material ahead of the metal-oxide interface alter the distribution of minor alloying additions such as niobium and iron. The ZrO layer increases the acceptance of niobium into the oxide, which is otherwise seen to be rejected at the Zr-ZrO2 interface along with iron. Niobium is seen to precipitate out of solution as nano-scale particles near the interface after around 100 days of corrosion. This is not seen in the bulk metal matrix of the corroded material due to the absence of other factors driving the process: the stress at the interface and a very high oxygen concentration in the metal ahead of the interface. The nano-scale niobium particles are found to be of a meta-stable composition. Iron is seen to redistribute in the corroded material and can be correlated with the local oxygen concentration. Similarities are seen in the behaviour of solutes within pre-transition ZIRLO and Zircaloy-4 (Zr-Sn-Fe-O). In both cases no redistribution of tin is seen at the metal-oxide interface. A Zr-Nb-Ti alloy with very poor corrosion resistance was also analysed in this way, and the similarities and differences with chemically-similar ZIRLO are discussed. The segregation of solutes to grain boundaries and solute clustering within the matrix are also examined before and after corrosion.
The evolution and development of unfair dismissal law in Britain and Australia
Keywords: industrial relations
labour law

This work explores the evolutionary dynamic exhibited by the trajectory of unfair dismissal law in Britain and Australia. A different comparative evolutionary dynamic is observed in the phase leading up to the enactment of a statutory unfair dismissal scheme and in the period subsequent to enactment. It is argued that the shared common law origin of the legal systems of Britain and Australia masks significant divergence in their respective labour law traditions. Whilst collective laissez-faire in Britain, and conciliation and arbitration in Australia both sought to secure industrial peace, these divergent traditions operated in a manner particular to their jurisdiction in constraining the evolution of a statutory unfair dismissal law. It was only when these traditions underwent severe economic, social and political challenges that they faced a crisis of legitimacy and new ideas for labour law were canvassed. Although occurring over twenty years apart, the breakdown of Britain’s and Australia’s labour law traditions saw the juridification of domestic labour law, with a central reform being the inception of a statutory right protecting against unfair dismissal. Despite emerging from divergent legal traditions and according to different timeframes, the trajectory of unfair dismissal law subsequent to its enactment was to converge upon a common theme of peeling back the statutory superstructure in favour of localised and alternative dispute resolution. Although these developments are diachronistic across the two jurisdictions, this evolutionary dynamic of divergence giving way to convergence is revealing of a high degree of path dependency as between the unfair dismissal laws of Britain and Australia.
Polarised neutron diffraction measurements of PrBa2Cu3O6+x and the Bayesian statistical analysis of such data
Keywords: High-Temperature Superconductivity
Polarised neutron diffraction
Bayesian statistics

The physics of the series PryY1-yBa2Cu3O6&plus;x, and ability of Pr to suppress superconductivity, has been a subject of frequent discussions in the literature for more than a decade. This thesis describes a polarised neutron diffraction (PND) experiment performed on PrBa2Cu3O6.24 designed to find out something about the electron structure. This experiment pushed the limits of what can be done using the PND technique. The problem is one of a limited number of measured Fourier components that need to be inverted to form a real space image. To accomplish this inversion the maximum entropy technique has been employed. In some cases, the maximum entropy technique has the ability to increase the resolution of ‘inverted’ data immensely, but this ability is found to depend critically on the choice of constants used in the method. To investigate this a Bayesian robustness analysis of the maximum entropy method is carried out, resulting in an improvement of the maximum entropy technique for analysing PND data. Some results for nickel in the literature have been re-analysed and a comparison is made with different maximum entropy algorithms.
Equipped with an improved data analysis technique and carefully measured PND data for PrBa2Cu3O6.24 a number of new interesting features are observed, putting constraints on existing theoretical models of PryY1-yBa2Cu3O6&plus;x and leaving room for more questions to be answered.
Controlling selectivity in the rhodium-catalysed intermolecular hydroacylation reaction
Keywords: organometallic
catalysis
chemistry
hydroacylation
inorganic
rhodium
phosphine

This thesis explores the area of the intermolecular hydroacylation reaction, catalysed by rhodium diphosphine complexes. A range of latent low-coordinate rhodium diphosphine complexes have been synthesised, and their catalytic activity for the hydroacylation reaction has been investigated. In particular, emphasis has been placed on understanding how subtle changes in diphosphine steric properties affect, and can be used to control, selectivity of this catalysis.
Chapter 2 presents investigations into rhodium complexes incorporating the potentially hemilabile P-O-P ligands: POP’, XANTphos and Xphos. The resulting complexes have been fully characterised and their activity for the catalytic intermolecular hydroacylation of aldehyde I (HCOC₂H₄SMe) and alkene II (H₂C=CHCO₂Me) established and compared to the DPEphos system. Further reactivity of Xphos for aromatic aldehyde V (HCOC₆H₄SMe) and alkene II, and aldehyde V and alkyne XI [HC≡CC₆H₃(CF₃)₂] has also been explored, and compared with the catalytic activity of {Rh(PPh₃)₂}⁺.
Focus moved from potentially hemilabile ligands to chelating diphosphine ligands of the type PPh₂(CH₂)nPPh₂ (where n = 2-5), and then on to ortho-substituted bulky analogues of the type P(₀-C₆H₅R)₂(CH₂)₂P(₀-C₆H₅R)₂ (where R = Me and ⁱPr) complexed to rhodium. Chapter 3 outlines the complexes synthesised, and their activity for the catalytic intermolecular hydroacylation of aldehyde I and alkene II, aromatic aldehyde V and alkene II or aldehyde V and alkyne XI. Possible explanations for the observed switch in selectivity from alkene to aldehyde hydroacylation, and linear alkyne to branched alkyne hydroacylation, have been explored and are detailed.
The final chapter concerns the structure of an interesting catalytic intermediate: the branched alkenyl species for the {Rh(DPEphos)}+ catalysed hydroacylation of aldehyde V and alkyne XI. Investigations into the kinetic and catalytic behaviour of this system were carried out, and a reaction scheme has been proposed which correlates well with kinetic modelling undertaken by Prof. Guy Lloyd-Jones of the University of Bristol.
Egerton Ryerson and educational policy borrowing: aspects of the development of Ontario's system of public instruction, 1844 - 1876
Keywords: Educational Policy Borrowing
Canadian Historical Studies
Comparative Education
History of Education

Literature within the field of Comparative Education often cautions against the transfer of foreign policies from one context to another. Despite this warning, Ontario’s public education system is said to have been based on an eclectic mix of foreign examples: teacher training institutes replicating Prussian Seminaries, school financing and the role of the chief superintendent and board of education as in the states of Massachusetts and New York, and using the Irish curriculum. This study conceptualises the manner in which these foreign elements became part of the 1846 school law and the reaction of stakeholders in and outside of government. The period covered by this study, 1844 – 1876, corresponds to Egerton Ryerson’s time as Chief Superintendent of education in Ontario.
Extensive archival research of incoming and outgoing correspondence from the department of education, district council meeting minutes, newspapers, and local superintendent, inspector and trustee reports revealed contrasting opinions. On the one hand, sources indicated favourable results: increased pupil attendance, number of facilities and money raised to fund schools. There is also evidence that many foreign educationalists not only requested resources from Ontario’s board but aspired to emulate features of the province’s reformed education system in their own nations. This study’s finding of a reverse cross-national attraction’ is a new contribution to Canadian historical studies.
However, many resented features of the school bill. Critics called the superintendent and board’s method of organisation ‘Prussian despotism’ in Canadian schools; others argued the injustice of property tax to fund free schools and the cost burden of importing Irish textbooks. An original conceptual framework has been produced to review the manner in which Ryerson defended the new bill and the internalisation of these foreign policies and practices. This framework may serve as an analytical device for those engaged in researching educational policy borrowing.
Jokes for women: suffrage and the sense of humour on the stage
Keywords: women's suffrage
theatre

This thesis investigates the works of the London-based suffrage theatre group, the Actresses' Franchise League (AFL). Examining the period between 1907 and 1914, it considers the immediate influences on its foundation in 1908 up to the start of the First World War, when the League changed its focus from that of women's enfranchisement to the entertainment of troops. It analyses in particular the influence of the contemporary debate concerning the sense of humour, and women’s supposed lack thereof, on the focus and style of the playwrights' work. In contextualising the AFL's negotiations with ideas of women’s sense of humour, this thesis represents a shift from the prevailing critical caution shown towards the politicisation of literary humour and laughter. I challenge distinctions between offstage political activity and laughter in the theatre, as well as definitions of radical suffrage action and the privileging of the tragic or violent within feminist discourse. The League displayed a sensitive and, sometimes, angry understanding of the impact of anti-suffrage humour. In a politically motivated move, playwrights consciously rejected the narrative of the tragic and bitter woman both to emulate and defiantly invert such jokes, in order to assert the strength of women's humour. Not without debate within the League’s own circles, the AFL and the wider movement's various politics are manifested in this construction of women’s sense of humour. These theatrical negotiations impacted on the internal strength of the suffrage community and on its political reception.
In uncovering suffrage humour as a critical area in its own right, this thesis reinvigorates the categories by which this theatre has been defined and challenges the demotion of its political contribution. Bringing together little known, unpublished, and formerly lost plays into dialogue with each other, it also contributes to the ongoing recuperation of suffrage theatre, such as Cecil Armstrong’s staging of jujitsu. Setting this in conversation with more established playwrights such as George Bernard Shaw and with suffrage playwrights who have already received considerable attention, such as Cicely Hamilton, this thesis actively resists the isolation of suffrage theatre within critical discourse. In addition, its reconsideration of Shaw's relationship with the suffrage movement challenges prevalent deprecation of his playwriting contribution that invites further re-evaluation of his literary politics, while the survey and application of humour theory contributes to the evolving and exciting area of literary humour studies. Overall, through the close documentation of the AFL's alliances with offstage debate, a fuller conception of this political theatre is detailed in ways that also capture the variety of its membership, as indeed of its humour too.
Early identification and prediction of multiple organ failure following major trauma
Keywords: Trauma
multiple organ failure
predictive model

INTRODUCTION Trauma is the main cause of death in working-age adults in the UK. Multiple organ failure (MOF) is associated with a high proportion of late trauma deaths, and MOF survivors have poor long-term outcomes. Early prediction of patients at risk of MOF would assist treatment decisions and allow targeted interventions.
METHODS A cohort of major trauma patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment at the John Radcliffe Hospital was identified. Data were obtained from the two national databases of the Trauma Audit Research Network and the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, and from a local ICU database with hourly data recording.
Literature review and questionnaire analysis of trauma clinicians identified candidate predictors of MOF, grouped into patient, injury, physiological, laboratory and management variables. MOF scoring systems were reviewed to determine the most appropriate for use in trauma patients. Prediction models of post-trauma MOF were developed using logistic regression at a range of times from 0 to 48 hours after injury. Models were internally validated using bootstrapping.
RESULTS 517 adult trauma patients were identified from 2003-2011. Overall mortality was 14.9%, with 491 patients surviving more than 48 hours, and therefore being at risk of MOF development. For these 491 patients, MOF incidence depended on the definition, and ranged from 23% (Denver score) to 58% (SOFA score). MOF was associated with mortality, time to ICU admission, and length of ICU and hospital stay. MOF could be predicted with an accuracy of up to 81.3% at 2 hours post-injury, and 84.2% at 12 hours post-injury using small numbers of clinical variables. Age, head injury, abdominal injury, maximum heart rate and the need for vasopressors were strong predictors of all definitions of MOF.
CONCLUSIONS Post-trauma MOF can be predicted early after injury using combinations of clinical variables. Further validation of the identified variables on external populations would allow development of a clinical score to assist clinicians in trauma management.
Organosilicon reagents in carbon-carbon bond forming reactions: towards the total synthesis of incednine
Keywords: Incednine
Cross-coupling
Organosilicon

This thesis investigates a total synthesis of the incednine aglycon by utilising alkenylsilane reagents to assemble the pentaenyl and tetraenyl systems through cross-coupling reactions. The early chapters develop methodology to access both cyclic alkenylsiloxanes and functionalised (E)-alkenylsilanes by the controlled hydrogenation of alkynylsiloxanes and silylolefination of aldehydes, respectively, and culminate in the synthesis of a C6-C13 bis(alkenylsilane)incednine fragment (Scheme 1).
The C1-C5 and C14-C23 coupling partners are synthesised in three and ten steps from propargyl alcohol and L-alanine methyl ester through phosphorous-based olefination strategies. In the final chapter we describe our first generation approach to incednine which entails orthogonal cross-couplings to construct the C5-C6 and C13-C14 bonds (Scheme 2).
Tolerating the terrible: censorship, speech, and foreseeable harm
Keywords: rights
Freedom of speech
equality
social equality

Many liberals believe in an interesting asymmetry. Generally, X does not have a right to pay Y to wrongfully harm Z. But X does have a right to persuade Y to wrongfully harm Z (at least if Y acts through a political process) What, if anything, justifies this belief?
Though this is a central question of free speech, an adequate answer has not been given. I criticize a variety of accounts which focus on the interests served by speaking. I then criticize some accounts which focus on the proper division and use of power, along the way to offering a novel account of my own. I claim that restrictions of persuasion that could be justified only by their prevention of bad policies undermine social equality. In order for two people to stand as equal co-citizens, each one must have an equal say about the terms of the civic relationship and about what they do together, as citizens. Fully appreciating that other citizens are entitled to an equal say requires taking their impact upon the course of the civic relationship as no reason to prevent them from making it.