VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
General anti-avoidance rules: an analysis from the perspective of the rule of law
Keywords: Rule of law
Tax evasion

This thesis analyses the operation of the general anti-avoidance statutory rules and doctrines from the perspective of their compliance with the principle of the Rule of Law. The main question that it will try to answer is what characteristics these rules and doctrines should have in order to control tax avoidance in a manner that is compatible with the principle of the Rule of Law. For this purpose, this thesis will take the following approach. First, it will explain the causes of tax avoidance and why the legal mechanisms directed to attack it are in tension with the principle of the Rule of Law. Second, it will propose a relatively straightforward concept of the Rule of Law in order to test the different judicial and statutory anti-avoidance mechanisms. Third, it will analyze the consistency of those mechanisms with the proposed concept of the Rule of Law. And finally, it will explain what characteristics a general anti-avoidance model should have to comply with the principle of the Rule of Law and it will show why a statutory model of general anti-avoidance rules is required for that purpose. General anti-avoidance statutory rules and judicial doctrines are designed to control any transaction that escapes taxation and is incompatible with the tax policies implemented by the relevant tax statutes. For this purpose, these rules and doctrines define what counts as an avoidance transaction in extremely wide and generic terms. In consequence, the application of these provisions to concrete cases demands important interpretative efforts and, for the same reason, creates significant space for judicial and administrative discretion.
Conceptualizations and aesthetics
Keywords: Aesthetics
Philosophy
Critical theory
Arts, Study and teaching
Education

The aim of this thesis is two-fold: To explore education through the lens of aesthetics and critical theory, and to bring forth new ways of approaching and understanding the arts and philosophy. By embracing unconventional models of though and models of multiplicity and expression, we can gain access to diverse and rich knowledge that compliments and expands out understanding of ourselves and reality. These are qualities of life that can only be understood through aesthetic contemplation. To me, nothing is more beautiful or profound than the creation of new ideas, whether in the form of science or art, as progress is about new inventions. After all, not every idea is reducible to a mathematical quantification. Using aesthetics, philosophical and critical theory, I will explore the implications of this approach and its meaning for the individual and society.
Customers as trade secrets v. employees as market makers: introducing the unified approach of innovation policy
Keywords: Trade secrets, Canada
Breach of contract, Canada
Trade secrets, Israel
Breach of contract, Israel
Confidential communications, Canada
Confidential communications, Israel
Intellectual property, Canada
Intellectual property, Israel

This thesis presents a coherent narrative of the laws of trade secrets and confidential information in the employment context. In the process, it asks about the best policy to adopt when evaluating the enforceability of trade secrets and restrictive post-employment covenants in the employment context, especially with regard to customer connections and related information. This thesis also examines what governments should do in order to engender inventiveness in general, and innovative enterprises in particular. A comparative analysis, primarily of the law of Canada and Israel, is employed and jurisprudential and economic arguments are invoked. It is then suggested that there is a relationship between incentives to create and the extent of the enforcement of the laws of trade secrets and confidential information. This thesis therefore concludes by proposing innovation policy as a concept which encourages creativity and unifies the disparate concerns of intellectual property, employment law and the parties involved.
The decade of uncertainty: educational change in Poland
Keywords: Education and state, Poland
Educational sociology, Poland
Educational innovations, Poland
Instructional systems, Poland
Education and globalization, Poland

Recent events in Eastern and Central Europe have dramatically changed the educational landscape in Poland. The fall of communism was among the most decisive events of the late 20th century. The collapse of communist ideology and economy enabled deep societal change in Central Europe, which in turn triggered massive restructuring of education. The transition decade became an unprecedented laboratory for tracing educational change in a revolutionary era of systemic shift from communism to liberal democracy. In this thesis, I describe the decade of societal and educational change in the 1990s Poland. Methodologically, this work is a national case study of the education system. I analyze the domains of primary and secondary education, which underwent the deepest transformation. In this work, I am interested in intertwined global, regional, and local forces that influence the Polish education system. In times of societal upheaval, the connections between education, society, and the world prove to be particularly strong. I attempt to show how the sudden global and regional exposure of a formerly isolated country facilitated educational change and internationalized education. I cite many international examples to show convergence and globalization of Polish education. Throughout my work, I ask whether changes in Polish education constituted a revolution. The answer is positive. It was a revolution with the power to transform the entire society. It was a revolution in teaching. Grand changes in education occurred in a compressed time span. A true revolution happened not in human minds, but intechnical and organizational tools Polish citizens used to build liberal democracy. Grandiose alterations in human minds are still happening, but slowly and less spectacularly. Regardless of its attitudinal or organizational form, change drove the decade of uncertainty. In this thesis, I suggest that Poland's joining the world was a 'core' change that, as in a domino theory, triggered a societal metamorphosis. As confirmation, I present a detailed case study of profound change in citizenship education. To illustrate internationalization of Polish education, I portray global citizenship education as an expression of, and a direct response to, the new global order.
Drama in teacher education: student teachers, teachers, and students constructing collaborative approaches to classroom management using Forum Theatre
Keywords: Teachers, Training of
Drama in education
Student teachers, Attitudes
Classroom environment
Classroom management
Performance

My work as an associate teacher has made me aware of student teachers' concerns about classroom management. A teacher may have confidence in a well-developed lesson plan, but be anxious about delivering that plan successfully in front of students. This study investigated the effectiveness of a type of theatre, called Forum Theatre, as a potential method of preparing student teachers, in all disciplines, for the classroom experience. Forum Theatre's interactive, experiential, and collective approach brings together student teachers, experienced teachers, and high school students to investigate classroom management issues in a safe, yet structured atmosphere. A Forum session begins with a short performance where the problem situation is presented. Through discussion and re-enactment of the situation, student teachers can learn about and apply classroom management techniques by actively improvising potential solutions to the problem presented thereby rehearsing for the lived reality of the classroom.
The critical pedagogy of youth experiences with drama and videomaking
Keywords: Critical pedagogy
Education, Aims and objectives
Drama in education
Video recordings, Study and teaching
Teacher-student relationships

This research contributes to the fields of critical pedagogy, drama, and media education by showing what and how hybrid-culture youth can learn from collective creation experiences in drama and videomaking. The narrative mode allows youth to learn and develop multiple intelligences, literacies, and their understanding of the drama's topic and self and other in experiential, and aesthetic ways. I examine the capacity for a critical pedagogical approach in drama and media education to deepen youth's critical thinking and understanding of self and other. Educator-learner relationships in drama education, power relations, role-playing, culture, identity, difference, freedom, and conflict, are addressed in relationship to videomaking and drama endeavours. Finally, I discuss implications for conducting research with youth as well as those for curriculum, teaching, and learning.
A study on the foaming behavior of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) blends
Keywords: Chemical engineering

More than ever before, the automotive industry is using thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) blends to manufacture exterior plastic applications such as bumper fascias and cladding. Recent efforts to improve TPO foaming technologies have been motivated, in part, by the need to lower production costs, develop lighter-weight materials, and promote better fuel economy. The goal of this research is to improve on the fundamental understanding of the cell nucleation and growth patterns that characterize TPO blend systems.
Building stewardship capacity service beyond self
Keywords: Christian stewardship
Self (Philosophy)
Self-knowledge, Theory of
Ethics

The purpose of this investigation is to reveal how participants understand stewardship. Secondly it reveals their personal relationship with stewardship, as they understand it. The third topic of inquiry focuses on the variables or influences in the participants' lives that mediate their actions in respect to stewardship—as they understand it. The fourth area of concern includes the variables or influences that would need to change before the participants apply their understanding of stewardship in their lives. Participants responded to questions like, why are some people aware of and use their gifts while others do not seem to know what they are capable of doing? What blocks awareness? What needs to be done to encourage more stewards among us? What would you say or do? The demographics of the participants include disparate geographic locations, diversity in age, a gender-balanced perspective and diverse socio-economic positions. The problem investigated is the promotion of unbridled consumerism and competitiveness and how these have contributed to the demise of stewardship. Consequently many individuals and groups continue to act unconsciously or without concern for how their actions or inactions impact others. Included in the investigation is an examination of moral philosophy and religious teachings that describe the interconnectedness of human life and the necessity of consciousness, action, and spirit in co-creating healthy communities. The results of the study describe influences that contribute to the development of stewardship disposition. The responses of participants and the review of the literature reveal a combination of mediating factors that play a role: spiritual direction, work experience, status at work or in the community, family values, or significant others. The study concludes by saying that stewardship applies to people in all sectors. Managing individual gifts is essential as each action and inaction impacts the ‘whole inhabited world’ through interdependence. The study recommends ways that facilitation and education can be used effectively to raise consciousness levels, address responsibility, increase accountability, create positive results, activate the sense of wholeness, engender rippling social benefits and increase wellness in generations to come.
The effect of early phonics instruction on children's invented spelling and an examination of the relation between invented spelling and current and later reading achievement
Keywords: Reading, Phonetic method
Phonetics, Study and teaching (Primary)
Children, Reading
Language arts (Primary)
Word recognition
English language, Orthography and spelling

The current research was comprised of two studies. The purpose of Study 1 was to explore the effect of a commercially available phonics program (Jolly Phonics) on young children's invented spelling ability. In Study 1, the developmental sophistication of the spelling responses of children exposed to Jolly Phonics was compared to that of control children who were not exposed to the program or an equivalent. Results indicated that, across all three early elementary grades examined (junior kindergarten, senior kindergarten, and Grade 1), children in experimental classes produced developmentally superior spelling responses than controls. In addition, children who were exposed to Jolly Phonics for 2 years produced developmentally superior spelling responses than children exposed to the program for 1 year only. The purpose of Study 2 was to explore the relation between invented spelling and reading ability in several early and later elementary grades. It was also of interest to compare the extent to which invented spelling scores, standard spelling scores (i.e., the traditional method of scoring spelling responses on a right or wrong basis), and scores on a commonly used phonological awareness measure (i.e., the TAAS; Rosner, 1971) were associated with and predictive of academic achievement. Results indicated that, across all early (junior kindergarten, senior kindergarten, and Grade 1) and later (Grades 3, 5, and 6) elementary grades examined, invented spelling was moderately associated with measures of reading ability. Invented spelling was found not to differ from standard spelling in terms of its association with reading ability but was found to be more highly associated with reading ability than the TAAS. In terms of predicting later academic achievement, invented spelling measured in kindergarten was found to predict a substantial amount of variance in Grade 5 academic achievement measures. In contrast, the TAAS measured in Grade 1 was found to predict a substantial amount of variance in Grade 6 academic achievement. The results of Studies 1 and 2 are discussed in reference to early elementary classroom practice and assessment of phonemic awareness skills.
Legal scholarship in Reich and Republic: Ernst Forsthoff, Theodor Maunz and Hans Peter Ipsen
Keywords: Nationalism and literature, Germany
National socialism, Germany
Constitutional law, Germany
Administrative law, Germany

This article examines the writings and biographies of Ernst Forsthoff, Theodor Maunz, and Hans Peter Ipsen. Forsthoff and Maunz became professors in 1933, Ipsen in 1940. To varying degrees, all three were supporters of the Nazi regime, but returned to positions of influence in German constitutional and administrative law scholarship after 1945. The article compares the writings of Forsthoff, Maunz and Ipsen during and after the Third Reich, analysing both form and content and examining topics such as support for policies of the national socialist state; the role of rule-of-law principles; anti-Semitism in scholarly writings; and retention of National Socialist patterns of thought after 1945. The article concludes by assessing the integration of supporters of the national socialist regime into post-war democratic reconstruction, providing insights that may also be applicable to later-day transitional democracies.
Creating a community-specific environmental education website
Keywords: Environmental education
Environmental education, Computer network resources
Environmental education, Indiana
Community education, Indiana

In this thesis, the growth of environmentalism in the United States and the impediments to institutionalized environmental education are explored. The need to unite science education with environmental education and the use of the Internet in such an endeavour are explained. The specific case of environmentalism in Indiana and the status of environmental education within the state are presented to provide context for the creation of a community-specific environmental education website, BioMuncie (http://www.biomuncie.org/ ), which focuses on Muncie, Indiana. The impact of the site on the general Muncie community over the course of its first six months and its growth in response to community needs is recounted and personal reflections shared. Issues of advocacy, quality and access are considered as the construction of this community website is discussed. Finally the educational and environmental merit of the site is considered. Its strengths and limitations serve as guides for future development.
Exploration of parent involvement and experiences with integrated services
Keywords: Education, Preschool, Parent participation
Education, Preschool, Ontario
Early childhood education, Parent participation
Early childhood education, Ontario
Parents, Services for
Parents, Ontario
Children, Services for
Children, Ontario
School improvement programs, Ontario
Home and school, Ontario

This was a preliminary investigation of parent involvement set in the context of early childhood services based at school sites. The purpose of this study was to examine the roles parents play in their children's education. This study drew on anonymous data obtained from the database of the Toronto First Duty (TFD) pilot project. Semi-structured interviews with four parent focus groups were conducted at four different TFD sites. Thirty-six parents volunteered to participate in the focus group sessions. The results of this study confirmed high levels of involvement of parents who participated in the TFD project. Various forms of parent involvement included communication between themselves and their children, learning at home with their children, and volunteering at school. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be used to serve as a baseline for addressing parent involvement issues and improving service delivery to participating families.
Invisible imperialism: Race, power and the construction of the other in the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Hull, and the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto
Keywords: Racism, Canada
Imperialism
Museums and minorities, Canada
Museums, Social aspects
Museums, Canada

I argue that the Royal Ontario Museum and the Canadian Museum of Civilization are two museums that are part of a tradition of the imperializing racist imaginary normalized as state culture in which the racialized Other is relegated to various roles in the construction and regeneration of a white supremacist narrative of state nationalism in the exhibits and the museums' spatial forms. In the Royal Ontario Museum this is spatially enacted through a replication of imperial emblems and historical architecture, and as exhibitions affirming invasion and trade and through stereotypes of Africans and Indigenous Peoples as inferiorized Others. In the Canadian Museum of Civilization, imperialism is made invisible and affirmed in the very prominence of Indigenous content and architecture which work to provide a backdrop for white Canadian state conquest, extractive, and technological culture.
Characterization of recycled paper mill sludge and evaluation of potential applications
Keywords: Chemical engineering
Wood, Research
Materials science

This research addresses re-use of recycled paper mill sludge (RPS), a waste by-product of recycled paper manufacturing. The growth of the paper recycling industry over the past 15 years has led to ecological benefits; however it is estimated that over 9 million tonnes of sludge by-product are produced each year in North America, with limited use in beneficial applications. Recycled paper mill sludges that represent a significant segment of the recycling industry were used in this work. Sludges were prepared using a novel kinetic de-watering system that dried and fiberized the material. The unique constitution of the dry sludge overcame constraints of failed utilization attempts of the past. Comprehensive physical and chemical characterization elucidated differences in the sludges based on generating process and raw furnish. Differences in organic content, fibre length, inorganic content and fibre chemistry were found to be strongly influenced by the recycling processes. Fibre contained in recycled newsprint manufacturing sludge had characteristics similar to TMP/mechanical fibre, while the fibre contained in recycled tissue manufacturing sludge were more similar to chemically prepared fibre.
"Environmental refugees": does international law fail to offer them legal protection?
Keywords: Disaster relief, Law and legislation
Disaster victims, Legal status, laws, etc
Refugees, Legal status, laws, etc
Pollution
Human ecology

"Environmental refugees" are people forced to seek refuge in another State, due to such environmental degradation of their traditional home land that renders it impossible for them to survive there. Under international law, "environmental refugees" are not refugees and thus, are not entitled to legal protection when in a host State. This thesis examines whether "environmental refugees" can be afforded legal protection under current norms of international law. While international refugee law, international human rights law and the principle of international responsibility to protect fail to offer legal protection to "environmental refugees", the rules on State responsibility can be successfully applied to protect "environmental refugees" in refuge. The author illustrates that under these rules, the international community of States has the obligation to repair damages it caused by breaching the erga omnes obligation to protect the environment in the form of offering legal protection to "environmental refugees."