VictorJuiz/thesis huggingface dataset:
The mirror for magistrates, 1559-1610: transmission, appropriation and the poetics of historiography
Keywords: transmission
Shakespeare
renaissance
poetry
Spenser
appropriation
verse history
historiography

The Mirror for Magistrates, the collection of de casibus complaint poems compiled by William Baldwin in the 1550s and expanded and revised between 1559 and 1610, was central to the development of imaginative literature in the sixteenth and early seventeenth century. Additions by John Higgins, Thomas Blenerhasset and Richard Niccols extended the Mirror’s scope, shifted its focus, and prolonged its popularity; in particular, the 1587 edition of the original text with Higgins’s ancient British and Roman complaint collections profoundly influenced the work of Spenser and Shakespeare. However, while there has been a recent resurgence of critical interest in the editions of 1559 and its 1563 ‘Second Part’, the later additions are still largely neglected and disparaged, and the transmission of the original text beyond 1563 has never been fully explored.
Without an understanding of this transmission and expansion, the importance of the Mirror to sixteenth-century intellectual culture is dramatically distorted. Higgins, Blenerhasset and Niccols’s contributions are invaluable witnesses to how verse history was conceptualised, written and read across the period, and to the way in which the Mirror tradition was repeatedly reinterpreted and redeployed in response to changing contemporary concerns. The Mirror corpus encompasses topical allegory, nationalist polemic, and historiographical scepticism. What has not been recognised is the complex interaction of these themes right across the Mirror’s history.
This thesis provides a comprehensive reassessment of the Mirror’s expansion, transmission, and appropriation between 1559 and 1610, focusing in particular on Higgins, Blenerhasset, and Niccols’s work. By comparing editions and tracing editorial revisions, the changing contexts and attitudes which shaped the early texts’ development are explored. Higgins, Blenerhasset, and Niccols’s contributions are analysed against this backdrop for the first time here, both within their own literary and historiographical contexts, and in dialogue with the early editions. A broad reading of the themes and concerns of these recensions, rather than the limited approach which has characterised previous scholarship, takes account of their depth and variety, and provides a new understanding of the extent of the Mirror’s influence and ubiquity in early modern literary culture.
Structural insights into membrane proteins, membrane protein-lipid interactions and drug metabolites in the gas-phase from ion mobility mass spectrometry
Keywords: mass spectrometry
drug metabolites
membrane proteins

Investigating the structures of membrane proteins and their interactions with lipids remains challenging for well-established biophysical techniques. In this thesis the use of mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility (IM) spectrometry were explored for the interrogation of membrane proteins, their stoichiometry, stability and interactions with lipids. The techniques used were also applied to the identification of drug metabolites. In the first two chapters reviews of both mass spectrometry methods, and membrane protein biogenesis and membrane protein-lipid interactions are presented. The first challenge for studying membrane proteins by MS was to optimise solution conditions. A detergent screening strategy was developed for this purpose (Chapter 3). The various detergent environments studied revealed dramatic differences in mass spectral quality permitting investigation of membrane protein-lipid interactions. Changes were observed in the electrospray charging of membrane proteins and trends were established from an extensive collection of membrane proteins ejected from a wide variety of detergent environments. The physicochemical principles behind the MS of membrane proteins were deduced and are presented (Chapter 4). The results of these experiments led to a deeper understanding of the ionisation processes and the influence of detergent micelles on both charge state and release mechanisms. Experiments from a range of different micelles also allowed the influence of charge and its effects on the preservation of native-like membrane protein conformations to be monitored by IM-MS. By resolving lipid-protein interactions, and by monitoring the effects of lipid binding on the unfolding of three diverse membrane protein complexes, substantial differences in the selectivity of membrane proteins for different lipids were revealed (Chapter 5). Interestingly lipids that stabilised membrane proteins in the gas-phase were found to induce modifications in structure or function thus providing an approach to assess direct lipid contributions, and to rank order lipids based on their ability to modulate membrane proteins. Using the MS approaches developed here also enabled study of the diversity of oligomeric states of the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) (Chapter 6). Results revealed that the oligomeric state of MscL is sensitive to deletions in its C-terminal domain and to its detergent-lipid environment. Additionally, a case study with GlakoSmithKline (GSK) was undertaken using IM-MS technology but in this case applied to the identification of drug metabolites (Chapter 7). The results showed that IM-MS and molecular modelling could inform on the identity of different drug metabolites and highlights the potential of this approach in understanding the structure of various drug metabolites.
Pursuing quality wine in South Australia: materials, markets, valuations
Keywords: quality
geographical indications
valuation
viticulture
agro-food studies
Australia
wine
qualification

This thesis presents an ethnography of the processes and practices through which Australian grape and wine producers attempt to produce, and to assess, quality and value in the materials with which they work. Drawing on participant observation research conducted within two wine companies in South Australia – one owned by a multinational beverage conglomerate, one a family-owned boutique winery – this thesis engages with three overarching questions, which engage with the concerns of agro-food studies and of social studies of markets. First, how – and with what economic effects – are the sensory qualities of materials made to matter within the Australian wine industry? Second, how do grape and wine producers pursue wine quality in a more-than-human world, and in what ways might their endeavours problematise extant theorisations of economic agency? Finally, what might be the consequences of Australian wine producers’ recent engagements with principles of grape and wine quality centred upon geographical origin?
In response to these questions, this thesis explores time-reckoning and value production in viticultural practice, the pricing of winegrapes during a fungal disease epidemic, the commercial relationships convened through the production of large-volume mass-market wine blends, and Australian wine producers’ recent attempts to produce ‘wines from somewhere.’ These empirical engagements lead it to argue that the qualification and valuation practices deployed within the Australian wine industry do not simply affect the qualities and prices of grapes and wines. They also shape economic agencies and vulnerabilities, organise and value commercial relationships among grape growers and wine producers, and reassemble the economic geographies of Australian grape production. This thesis concludes that because different ways of pursuing quality enact these phenomena in different ways, much may depend not only upon how successfully, but also upon how – through what techniques, practices, and associations – quality is pursued.
Oxidative radical cyclisations for total synthesis
Keywords: Radical chemistry
Claisen ring expansion
Aphanamol I
manganese(III) acetate

Manganese(III) acetate mediated radical cyclisations provide a mild and powerful tool in the construction of complex bicyclic systems. This thesis focuses on the formation of a number of alkenyl substituted [3.3.0]-bicyclic γ-lactones utilising a manganese(III) acetate/copper(II) triflate induced radical cyclisation. The methodology was then applied to a short catalytic and enantioselective synthesis of (+)-aphanamol I and related natural products.
Chapter 1 presents a summary of the theories and methodology which will be utilised in this work. In particular, a key focus will revolve around oxidative radical cyclisations and how manganese(III) acetate has become a vital oxidant in such areas.
Chapter 2 details a catalytic and asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-aphanamol I. Following an overview of the natural product and its previous total synthesis, a racemic and asymmetric total synthesis is presented which utilises a manganese(III) acetate mediated radical cyclisation and a Claisen ring expansion as key steps.
Chapter 3 reports the synthesis and subsequent cyclisation of a wide range of dienyl malonate substrates. Variation of the γ-substituent is first explored, demonstrating the effect that substituent size has on the diastereoselectivity of the cyclisation. Following this, the synthesis of [2.3.0]-,[4.3.0]- and [5.3.0]- bicyclic γ-lactones are investigated.
Chapter 4 describes studies towards the total synthesis of a dolabellane natural product. Investigations into substrate synthesis which can be used in a RCM will be presented. Full experimental details and spectral data, with select NMR spectra are also provided.
The notion of the employer in multilateral organisational settings
Keywords: corporate group
employer
private equity
comparative law
agency work
employee
employment law
Konzern

This thesis explores the notion of the employer in English employment law. It seeks to develop a functional reconceptualisation of that notion in the hope of overcoming the theoretical and practical problems resulting from the tensions inherent in the current approach.
The first part of the thesis analyses the notion of the employer as counterparty to the contract of employment. Two conflicting strands emerge: the employer is simultaneously identified as a single party to a bilateral contract (the unitary strand) and defined through the exercise of a range of employer functions (the multi-functional strand). As a result of this tension, full employment law coverage is restricted to a narrow paradigm scenario where a single legal entity exercises all employer functions. Modern economic developments, from the rise of employment agencies and service companies to corporate groups and Private Equity investors, have however increasingly led to the joint exercise of such functions across multiple entities.
The second part illustrates the practical implications of these developments: regulatory obligations are placed on inappropriate entities, and workers may even find themselves without recourse to any employment law protection. An additional chapter compares this situation with the notion of the employer in German law, where a sophisticated apparatus has been developed in order to address the particular challenges of employment in multi-entity scenarios, in particular in corporate groups.
On the basis of these observations the final part of the thesis then proposes a reconceptualised notion. The employer is defined as the entity, or combination of entities, exercising functions regulated in a particular domain of employment law. Each of the two strands of the current notion is addressed in turn to demonstrate how this more openly multi-functional approach addresses the rigidities of the current notion without abandoning an underlying unitary conceptualisation. It is hoped that the resulting notion of the employer will be able to place employment law obligations on the entity, or combination of entities, exercising the relevant employer functions, regardless of the formal legal organisation of the enterprise in question.
Functional impact of CD161 on T cells
Keywords: CD161
MAIT cells
CD8 T cells
LLT1

Human CD161 is protein that is expressed by most Natural Killer (NK) cells, of T cells (including both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets), Natural Killer T (NKT) cells and immature thymocytes. CD161 is expressed on many of the T cell receptor (TCR) expressing cell types that “bridge” both the innate and the adaptive immune systems, including mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Changes in expression levels of CD161 in peripheral blood or tissue have been seen in multiple disease states such as: HIV, tuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. However, the functional role of CD161 on T cells was unclear.
Therefore, this thesis explores the impact of CD161 ligation on CD8+ T cells. CD161 surface expression was seen to be significantly downregulated upon ligation with its receptor (LLT1) or cross-linked by anti-CD161 antibodies. Despite this, no clear functional impact of CD161 ligation was seen on resting CD8+ Va7.2+ cells. In contrast, ligation of CD161 on TCR stimulated CD8+ Va7.2+ cells resulted in increased IFNy and TNFa expression, cell activation and cytotoxicity. The increased cytotoxicity was potentially due to both an increase in the ability of the cells to degranulate and the expression of Granzyme B. Furthermore, ligation of CD161 induced an increase in activated Caspase 3 expression, indicating increased apoptosis. CD161 ligation over a prolonged period resulted in a decrease in proliferation. In total these results suggest that CD161 acts as a co-stimulatory molecule for T cells in the context of TCR activation.
Uniform random planar graphs with degree constraints
Keywords: random
planar
graph

Random planar graphs have been the subject of much recent work. Many basic properties of the standard uniform random planar graph Pn, by which we mean a graph chosen uniformly at random from the set of all planar graphs with vertex set 1,2,ldots,n, are now known, and variations on this standard random graph are also attracting interest. Prominent among the work on Pn have been asymptotic results for the probability that Pn will be connected or contain given components/ subgraphs. Such progress has been achieved through a combination of counting arguments cite{mcd} and a generating function approach cite{gim}. More recently, attention has turned to Pn,m, the graph taken uniformly at random from the set of all planar graphs on 1,2,ldots,n with exactly m(n) edges (this can be thought of as a uniform random planar graph with a constraint on the average degree). In cite{ger} and cite{gim}, the case when m(n)= !lfloorqnfloor for fixed qin(1,3) has been investigated, and results obtained for the events that Pn,lfloorqnfloor will be connected and that Pn,lfloorqnfloor will contain given subgraphs. In Part I of this thesis, we use elementary counting arguments to extend the current knowledge of Pn,m. We investigate the probability that Pn,m will contain given components, the probability that Pn,m will contain given subgraphs, and the probability that Pn,m will be connected, all for general m(n), and show that there is different behaviour depending on which `region' the ratio racm(n)n falls into. In Part II, we investigate the same three topics for a uniform random planar graph with constraints on the maximum and minimum degrees.
The exercise of friendship in the High Roman Empire
Keywords: Fronto
Roman Emperor
Roman History
Pliny the Younger

In the introduction, I discuss the problems scholars experience in trying to define the concept of Roman friendship. I argue that amicitia cannot be equated with patronage, and present justification based on some primary literature. Brief words are then offered on the sociology of friendship, and an attempt is made to relate ideas from modern sociology to ancient friendship.
The first chapter is based on the Letters of Pliny the Younger, and begins with an analysis of the vocabulary employed by Pliny in describing his friendships. This is considered in conjunction with prosopographical data in order to establish the connection between vocabulary and practice. The derived results are used to conclude that friendship in the Roman world was more involved than simply patronage, and that it was one of the driving forces behind Roman social behaviour as it helps to integrate different levels of society. Chapter two follows a similar methodology, with the correspondence of Fronto as its focus. The conclusions drawn in this chapter are used to reinforce the arguments presented in the first. Also included in chapter two is a brief discussion of the ancient philosophical approaches to friendship, and a solution is presented to resolve the differences between philosophical ideals and the reality of friendship.
The third chapter begins with an examination of the secondary literature on the concept of friendship with the emperor. I maintain that scholarship is lacking in this field because it neglects the personal nuances such relationships could have. The chapter then turns to Pliny’s Panegyricus to determine his attitude regarding this issue, which is used as evidence against some modern interpretations of aristocratic perceptions of the emperor. Pliny’s exchanges with Trajan are subsequently analyzed, and it is argued that it was as subject/ruler that Pliny and Trajan defined their association. Chapter four discusses the relationship Fronto shared with the Antonine emperors. I contend that Fronto related differently with each and experienced different levels of intimacy, which points to the importance of personal connections, even with people as uniquely powerful as emperors. I also conclude from this that even emperors were not above the rules and practices of friendship.
The concluding remarks draw attention to the advantages of exploring Roman social relationships through the prism of friendship, as opposed to the traditional perspective of patronage. Some future avenues of research are also suggested.
Generalized Lagrangian mean curvature flow in almost Calabi-Yau manifolds
Keywords: conical singularities
mean curvature flow

In this work we study two problems about parabolic partial differential equations on Riemannian manifolds with conical singularities.
The first problem we are concerned with is the existence and regularity of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the inhomogeneous heat equation on compact Riemannian manifolds with conical singularities. By introducing so called weighted Hölder and Sobolev spaces with discrete asymptotics, we provide a complete existence and regularity theory for the inhomogeneous heat equation on compact Riemannian manifolds with conical singularities.
The second problem we study is the short time existence problem for the generalized Lagrangian mean curvature flow in almost Calabi-Yau manifolds, when the initial Lagrangian submanifold has isolated conical singularities that are modelled on stable special Lagrangian cones. First we use Lagrangian neighbourhood theorems for Lagrangian submanifolds with conical singularities to integrate the generalized Lagrangian mean curvature flow to a nonlinear parabolic equation of functions, and then, using the existence and regularity theory for the heat equation, we prove short time existence of the generalized Lagrangian mean curvature flow with isolated conical singularities by letting the conical singularities move around in the ambient space and the model cones to rotate by unitary transformations.
Intertextuality in Babylonian narrative poetry: Anzû, Enūma Elish, and Erra and Ishum
Keywords: Ninurta
allusion
Intertextuality
literature
Marduk
poetry

This thesis interprets literary allusions in three major Babylonian narrative poems: Anzû, Enūma Eliš, and Erra and Išum. The use of the term 'intertextuality' recognises that these readings do not necessarily attempt to reconstruct what the authors were thinking, but are based empirically on what can be found in the text, and that multiple interpretations are possible. The methodology used has been drawn from scholarship on Latin and Greek literature.
The aim is not only to identify relationships to other poems but also to consider what these mean, closely analysing the similarities and differences in order to draw out each allusion’s full significance. A wide variety of allusive techniques have been found, showing great depth, complexity, and sophistication. Chapter One finds that Anzû alludes to Lugal-e, Labbu, Atraḫasīs, The Return of Lugalbanda, and balaĝ-laments. Chapter Two explores allusions in Enūma Eliš to Anzû, which depict Marduk as the new Ninurta. Chapter Three analyses allusions in Enūma Eliš to Atraḫasīs, which contribute to Marduk's superseding of Enlil. Chapter Four studies allusions in Enūma Eliš to Lugal-e, finding that Marduk's restoration of order after the battle owes as much to Ninurta's precedent as does the battle itself. Chapter Five examines allusions in Erra and Išum to Anzû and Lugal-e which present Išum as a new Ninurta, and Erra as a chaotic Anzû figure. Chapter Six considers allusions in Erra to Enūma Eliš, Atraḫasīs, and Gilgameš, which work together to show the cosmic order unravelling. In many of these examples, the relationship is a competitive one, where Anzû, Enūma Eliš, and Erra each conspicuously out-do the protagonists of the poems which came before them. Chapter Seven finds that the underlying structure of Erra and Išum parallels that of The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur, and argues it is deliberate, which raises intriguing questions about the continuity of Sumerian city laments after the Old Babylonian period. Thus it is demonstrated that allusion is a vital part of Akkadian poetics, and that close-reading Akkadian texts unlocks deeper meaning within them.