Vicky190519/IPC_and_BNS_transformation huggingface dataset:
Discuss the legal implications of forgery of a record of Court or of a public register, etc. as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 466: Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc. and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '466', 'IPC Heading': 'Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal Code 1860
466\tForgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.
Whoever forges a document or electronic record, purporting to be a record or proceeding of or in a Court of Justice, or a register of birth, baptism, marriage or burial, or a register kept by a public servant as such, or a certificate or document or electronic record purporting to be made by a public servant in his official capacity, or an authority to institute or defend a suit, or to take any proceedings therein, or to confess judgment, or a power of attorney, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '337', 'BNS Heading': 'orgery of record of Court or of public register, etc', 'BNS description': ' BNS - Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023

337 Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc


Whoever forges a document or an electronic record, purporting to be a record or proceeding of or in a Court or an identity document issued by Government including voter identity card or Aadhaar Card, or a register of birth, marriage or burial, or a register kept by a public servant as such, or a certificate or document purporting to be made by a public servant in his official capacity, or an authority to institute or defend a suit, or to take any proceedings therein, or to confess judgment, or a power of attorney, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, “register” includes any list, data or record of any entries maintained in the electronic form as defined in clause (r) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000.

'}
Explain the legal implications of forgery of a valuable security, will, etc. as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 467: Forgery of valuable security, will, etc. and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '467', 'IPC Heading': 'Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal Code 1860
467\tForgery of valuable security, will, etc.
Whoever forges a document or electronic record which purports to be a valuable security or a will, or an authority to adopt a son, or which purports to give authority to any person to make or transfer any valuable security, or to receive the principal, interest or dividends thereon, or to receive or deliver any money, movable property, or valuable security, or any document or electronic record purporting to be an acquittance or receipt acknowledging the payment of money, or an acquittance or receipt for the delivery of any movable property or valuable security, shall be punished with 1 *imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '338', 'BNS Heading': 'Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.', 'BNS description': ' BNS - Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023

 338 Forgery of valuable security, will, etc


Whoever forges a document which purports to be a valuable security or a will, or an authority to adopt a son, or which purports to give authority to any person to make or transfer any valuable security, or to receive the principal, interest or dividends thereon, or to receive or deliver any money, movable property, or valuable security, or any document purporting to be an acquaintance or receipt acknowledging the payment of money, or an acquaintance or receipt for the delivery of any movable property or valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Discuss the consequences of forgery for the purpose of cheating according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 468: Forgery for purpose of cheating and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '468', 'IPC Heading': 'Forgery for purpose of cheating', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal COde 1860
468\tForgery for purpose of cheating
Whoever commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic record forged shall be used for the purpose of cheating, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '336(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Forgery', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
336. Forgery.

(2) Whoever commits forgery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
'}
Explain the legal implications of forgery for the purpose of harming reputation as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 469: Forgery for purpose of harming reputation and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '469', 'IPC Heading': 'Forgery for purpose of harming reputation', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal Code 1860
469\tForgery for purpose of harming reputation
Whoever commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic record forged shall harm the reputation of any party, or knowing that it is likely to be used for that purpose, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '336(3)', 'BNS Heading': 'Forgery', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
336. Forgery.

(3) Whoever commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic record forged shall be used for the purpose of cheating, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
.'}
Discuss the definition and legal implications of a forged document as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 470: Forged document and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '470', 'IPC Heading': 'Forged document', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal Code 1860
470\tForged document
A false document or electronic record made wholly or in part by forgery is designated “a forged document or electronic record”.', 'BNS Section': '340', 'BNS Heading': 'Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
340. Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.
(1) A false document or electronic record made wholly or in part by forgery is designated a forged document or electronic record.
(2) Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any document or electronic record which he knows or has reason to believe to be a forged document or electronic record, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had forged such document or electronic record.'}
Explain the consequences of using as genuine a forged document according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 471: Using as genuine a forged document and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '471', 'IPC Heading': 'Using as genuine a forged document', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal COde 1860
471\tUsing as genuine a forged document
Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any document or electronic record which he knows or has reason to believe to be a forged document or electronic record, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had forged such document or electronic record.', 'BNS Section': '340', 'BNS Heading': 'Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
340. Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.
(1) A false document or electronic record made wholly or in part by forgery is designated a forged document or electronic record.
(2) Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any document or electronic record which he knows or has reason to believe to be a forged document or electronic record, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had forged such document or electronic record.'}
Discuss the legal implications of making or possessing a counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under Section 467 as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 472: Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467 and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '472', 'IPC Heading': 'Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal Code 1860
472\tMaking or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467
Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under section 467 of this Code, or, with such intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '341', 'BNS Heading': '341. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338 - Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
341. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338 - Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
341. (1) Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under section 338 of this Sanhita, or, with such intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.

(2) Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under any section of this Chapter other than section 338, or, with such intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.

(3) Whoever possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.

(4) Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had made or counterfeited such seal, plate or other instrument.'}
Explain the legal implications of making or possessing a counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 473: Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '473', 'IPC Heading': 'Counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
473. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with
intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise
Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other
instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for
the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under any
section of this Chapter other than section 467, or, with such intent, has in
his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be
counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a
term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '341(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
341. Making or Possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338.
(1) Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under section 338 of this Sanhita, or, with such intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
(2) Whoever makes or counterfeits any seal, plate or other instrument for making an impression, intending that the same shall be used for the purpose of committing any forgery which would be punishable under any section of this Chapter other than section 338, or, with such intent, has in his possession any such seal, plate or other instrument, knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
(3) Whoever possesses any seal, plate or other instrument knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.
(4) Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses as genuine any seal, plate or other instrument knowing or having reason to believe the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had made or counterfeited such seal, plate or other instrument.'}
Discuss the consequences of having possession of a document described in Section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 474: Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it genuine and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '474', 'IPC Heading': 'Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
474. Having possession of document described in section
466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine 
Whoever has in his possession any document, knowing the same to
be forged, and intending that the same shall fraudulently or dishonestly be
used as genuine, shall, if the document is one of the description mentioned in
section 466 of this Code, be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine;
and if the document is one of the description mentioned in section 467, shall
be punished with 152[imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of
either description, for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also
be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '339', 'BNS Heading': 'Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
339. Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.
Whoever has in his possession any document or electronic record, knowing the same to be forged and intending that the same shall fraudulently or dishonestly be used as genuine, shall, if the document or electronic record is one of the description mentioned in section 337 of this Sanhita, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if the document is one of the description mentioned in section 338, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description, for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Explain the legal implications of counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents described in Section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 475: Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '475', 'IPC Heading': 'Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
475. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating
documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material 
Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material,
any device or mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document
described in Section 467 of this Code, intending that such device or mark shall
be used for the purpose of giving the appearance of authenticity to any
document then forged or there after to be forged on such material, or who, with
such intent, has in his possession any material upon or in the substance of
which any such device or mark has been counterfeited, shall be punished with
152[imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '342(1)', 'BNS Heading': 'Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
342. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.
(1) Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material, any device or mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document described in section 338, intending that such device or mark shall be used for the purpose of giving the appearance of authenticity to any document then forged or thereafter to be forged on such material, or who, with such intent, has in his possession any material upon or in the substance of which any such device or mark has been counterfeited, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
'}
Discuss the consequences of counterfeiting a device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in Section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 476: Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '476', 'IPC Heading': 'Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
476. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating
documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit
marked material
Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material,
any device or mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document other
than the documents described in section 467 of this Code, intending that such
device or mark shall be used for the purpose of giving the appearance of
authenticity to any document then forged or thereafter to be forged on such
material, or who, with such intent, has in his possession any material upon or
in the substance of which any such device or mark has been counterfeited, shall
be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend
to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '342(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
342. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.
(2) Whoever counterfeits upon, or in the substance of, any material, any device or mark used for the purpose of authenticating any document or electronic record other than the documents described in section 338, intending that such device or mark shall be used for the purpose of giving the appearance of authenticity to any document then forged or thereafter to be forged on such material, or who with such intent, has in his possession any material upon or in the substance of which any such device or mark has been counterfeited, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Explain the legal implications of fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of a will, authority to adopt, or valuable security according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 477: Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '477', 'IPC Heading': 'Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
477. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will,
authority to adopt, or valuable security
Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly, or with intent to cause
damage or injury to the public or to any person, cancels, destroys or defaces,
or attempts to cancel, destroy or deface, or secretes or attempts to secrete
any document which is or purports to be a will, or an authority to adopt a son,
or any valuable security, or commits mischief in respect of such documents,
shall be punished with 152[imprisonment for life], or with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years,
and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '343', 'BNS Heading': 'Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
343. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.
Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly, or with intent to cause damage or injury to the public or to any person, cancels, destroys or defaces, or attempts to cancel, destroy or deface, or secretes or attempts to secrete any document which is or purports to be a will, or an authority to adopt a son, or any valuable security, or commits mischief in respect of such document, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Discuss the legal implications of falsification of accounts as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 477A: Falsification of accounts and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '477A', 'IPC Heading': 'Falsification of accounts', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
477A. Falsification of accounts
Whoever, being a clerk, officer or servant, or employed or
acting in the capacity of a clerk, officer or servant, willfully, and with
intent to defraud, destroys, alters, mutilates or falsifies any book, paper,
writing, valuable security or account which belongs to or is in the possession
of his employer, or has been received by him for or on behalf of his employer,
or willfully, and with intent to defraud, makes or abets the making of any
false entry in, or omits or alters or abets the omission or alteration of any
material particular from or in, any such book, paper, writing, valuable
security or account, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
Explanation  It shall be sufficient in any charge under this
section to allege a general intent to defraud without naming any particular
person intended to be defrauded or specifying any particular sum of money
intended to be the subject of the fraud, or any particular day on which the
offence was committed.]
 175  [Of]176[]Property and Other Marks', 'BNS Section': '344', 'BNS Heading': 'Falsification of accounts', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
344. Falsification of accounts.
Whoever, being a clerk, officer or servant, or employed or acting in the capacity of a clerk, officer or servant, wilfully, and with intent to defraud, destroys, alters, mutilates or falsifies any book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account which belongs to or is in the possession of his employer, or has been received by him for or on behalf of his employer, or wilfully, and with intent to defraud, makes or abets the making of any false entry in, or omits or alters or abets the omission or alteration of any material particular from or in, any such book, electronic record, paper, writing, valuable security or account, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
Explanation.It shall be sufficient in any charge under this section to allege a general intent to defraud without naming any particular person intended to be defrauded or specifying any particular sum of money intended to be the subject of the fraud, or any particular day on which the offence was committed.'}
Explain the legal implications of Section 478 which has been repealed: Trade Mark.

IPC Section: 478
IPC Heading: Repeal
IPC Descriptions: Repealed by the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of 1958), S. 135 and Sch.
BNS Section: Repealed in BNS
BNS Heading: Repealed in BNS
BNS description: Repealed in BNS
Explain the definition and legal implications of a property mark as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 479: Property mark and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '479', 'IPC Heading': 'Property mark', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
479. Property mark
A mark used for denoting that movable property belongs to a
particular person is called a property mark.', 'BNS Section': '345(1)', 'BNS Heading': 'Property mark', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Of property marks
345. Property mark.
(1) A mark used for denoting that movable property belongs to a particular person is called a property mark.
(2) Whoever marks any movable property or goods or any case, package or other receptacle containing movable property or goods, or uses any case, package or other receptacle having any mark thereon, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause it to be believed that the property or goods so marked, or any property or goods contained in any such receptacle so marked, belong to a person to whom they do not belong, is said to use a false property mark.
(3) Whoever uses any false property mark shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of Section 480 which has been repealed: Using a false trade mark.

{'IPC Section': '480', 'IPC Heading': 'Repeal', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 

480. Using a false trade mark: Repealed by the 
Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958, w.e.f. 25th. November, 1959] ', 'BNS Section': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS Heading': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS description': 'Repealed in BNS'}
Explain the legal implications of using a false property mark as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 481: Using a false property mark and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '481', 'IPC Heading': 'Using a false property mark', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
481. Using a false property mark 
Whoever marks any movable property or goods or any case, package
or other receptacle containing movable property or goods, or uses any case,
package or other receptacle having any mark thereon, in a manner reasonably
calculated to cause it to be believed that the property or goods so marked, or
any property or goods contained in any such receptacle so marked, belong to a
person to whom they do not belong, is said to use a false property mark.', 'BNS Section': '345(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Property mark', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Of property marks
345. Property mark.

(2) Whoever marks any movable property or goods or any case, package or other receptacle containing movable property or goods, or uses any case, package or other receptacle having any mark thereon, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause it to be believed that the property or goods so marked, or any property or goods contained in any such receptacle so marked, belong to a person to whom they do not belong, is said to use a false property mark.
(3) Whoever uses any false property mark shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the punishment for using a false property mark according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 482: Punishment for using a false property mark and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '482', 'IPC Heading': 'Punishment for using a false property mark', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
482. Punishment for using a false property mark 
Whoever uses 177[] any false property mark shall,
unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or
with fine, or with both.]', 'BNS Section': '345(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Property mark', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Of property marks
345. Property mark.

(2) Whoever marks any movable property or goods or any case, package or other receptacle containing movable property or goods, or uses any case, package or other receptacle having any mark thereon, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause it to be believed that the property or goods so marked, or any property or goods contained in any such receptacle so marked, belong to a person to whom they do not belong, is said to use a false property mark.
(3) Whoever uses any false property mark shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of counterfeiting a property mark used by another as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 483: Counterfeiting a property mark used by another and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '483', 'IPC Heading': 'Counterfeiting a property mark used by a public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
483. Counterfeiting a property mark used by another 
Whoever counterfeits any 178[] property mark used
by any other person shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '347(1)', 'BNS Heading': 'Counterfeiting a property mark used by a public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
347. Counterfeiting a property mark.
(1) Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by any other person shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
(2) Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by a public servant, or any mark used by a public servant to denote that any property has been manufactured by a particular person or at a particular time or place, or that the property is of a particular quality or has passed through a particular office, or that it is entitled to any exemption, or uses as genuine any such mark knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Discuss the consequences of counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 484: Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '484', 'IPC Heading': 'Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
484. Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant
Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by a public servant,
or any mark used by a public servant to denote that any property has been
manufactured by a particular person or at a particular time or place, or that
the property is of a particular quality or has passed through a particular
office, or that it is entitled to any exemption, or uses as genuine any such
mark knowing the same to be counterfeited, shall be punished with imprisonment
of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall
also be liable to fine.]', 'BNS Section': '347(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Counterfeiting a property mark', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
347. Counterfeiting a property mark.
(2) Whoever counterfeits any property mark used by a public servant, or any mark used by a public servant to denote that any property has been manufactured by a particular person or at a particular time or place, or that the property is of a particular quality or has passed through a particular office, or that it is entitled to any exemption, or uses as genuine any such mark knowing the same to be counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Explain the legal implications of making or possessing any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 485: Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '485', 'IPC Heading': 'Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
485. Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting
a property mark
Whoever makes or has in his possession any die, plate or other
instrument for the purpose of counterfeiting a property mark, or has in his
possession a property mark for the purpose of denoting that any goods belong to
a person to whom they do not belong, shall be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to three years or with fine, or
with both.]', 'BNS Section': '348', 'BNS Heading': 'Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
348. Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.
Whoever makes or has in his possession any die, plate or other instrument for the purpose of counterfeiting a property mark, or has in his possession a property mark for the purpose of denoting that any goods belong to a person to whom they do not belong, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the consequences of selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 486: Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '486', 'IPC Heading': 'Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
486. Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark
 180  [Whoever sells, or exposes, or has in possession for sale,
any goods or things with a counterfeit property mark] affixed to or impressed
upon the same or to or upon any case, package or other receptacle in which such
goods are contained, shall, unless he proves
(a) that, having taken all reasonable precautions against
committing an offence against this section, he had at the time of the
commission of the alleged offence no reason to suspect the genuineness of the
mark, and
(b) that, on demand made by or on behalf of the prosecutor, he
gave all the information in his power with respect to the persons from whom he
obtained such goods or things, or
(c) that otherwise he had acted innocently.
be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.]', 'BNS Section': '349', 'BNS Heading': 'Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
349. Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.
Whoever sells, or exposes, or has in possession for sale, any goods or things with a counterfeit property mark affixed to or impressed upon the same or to or upon any case, package or other receptacle in which such goods are contained, shall, unless he proves
(a) that, having taken all reasonable precautions against committing an offence against this section, he had at the time of the commission of the alleged offence no reason to suspect the genuineness of the mark; and
(b) that, on demand made by or on behalf of the prosecutor, he gave all the information in his power with respect to the persons from whom he obtained such goods or things; or
(c) that otherwise he had acted innocently, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 487: Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '487', 'IPC Heading': 'Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
[487. Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods
Whoever makes any false mark upon any case, package or other
receptacle containing goods, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause any
public servant or any other person to believe that such receptacle contains
goods which it does not contain or that it does riot contain goods which it
does contain, or that the goods contained in such receptacle are of a nature or
quality different from the real nature or quality thereof, shall, unless he
proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment
of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine,
or with both.]', 'BNS Section': '350', 'BNS Heading': 'Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
350. Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.
(1) Whoever makes any false mark upon any case, package or other receptacle containing goods, in a manner reasonably calculated to cause any public servant or any other person to believe that such receptacle contains goods which it does not contain or that it does not contain goods which it does contain, or that the goods contained in such receptacle are of a nature or quality different from the real nature or quality thereof, shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
(2) Whoever makes use of any false mark in any manner prohibited under subsection (1) shall, unless he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be punished as if he had committed the offence under subsection (1).'}
Discuss the punishment for making use of any such false mark according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 488: Punishment for making use of any such false mark and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '488', 'IPC Heading': 'Punishment for making use of any such false mark', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
488. Punishment for making use of any such false mark
Whoever makes use of any such false mark in any manner
prohibited by the last foregoing section shall, unless he proves that he acted
without intent to defraud, be punished as if he had committed an offence
against that section.]', 'BNS Section': '351', 'BNS Heading': 'Punishment for making use of any such false mark', 'BNS description': "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XIX
Of Criminal Intimidation, Insult, Annoyance, Defamation, Etc.
351. Criminal intimidation.
(1) Whoever threatens another by any means, with any injury to his person, reputation or property, or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause alarm to that person, or to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do any act which that person is legally entitled to do, as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat, commits criminal intimidation.
Explanation.A threat to injure the reputation of any deceased person in whom the person threatened is interested, is within this section.
Illustration.
A, for the purpose of inducing B to resist from prosecuting a civil suit, threatens to burn B's house. A is guilty of criminal intimidation.
(2) Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
(3) Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation by threatening to cause death or grievous hurt, or to cause the destruction of any property by fire, or to cause an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, or to impute unchastity to a woman, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
(4) Whoever commits the offence of criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication, or having taken precaution to conceal the name or abode of the person from whom the threat comes, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, in addition to the punishment provided for the offence under subsection (1)."}
Explain the legal implications of tampering with a property mark with intent to cause injury as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 489: Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '489', 'IPC Heading': 'Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
489. Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury
Whoever removes, destroys, defaces or adds to any property mark,
intending or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause injury to any
person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.]
 183  [Of CurrencyNotes and BankNotes]', 'BNS Section': '352', 'BNS Heading': 'Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
352. Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace.
Whoever intentionally insults in any manner, and thereby gives provocation to any person, intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause him to break the public peace, or to commit any other offence, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the consequences of counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 489A: Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '489A', 'IPC Heading': 'Counterfeiting currencynotes or banknotes', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
489A. Counterfeiting currencynotes or banknotes
Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the
process of counterfeiting, any currencynote or banknote, shall be punished
with 152[imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable
to fine.
Explanation  For the purposes of this section and of
sections 489B, 184[489C, 489D and 489E], the expression
"banknote" means a promissory note or engagement for the payment of
money to bearer on demand issued by any person carrying on the business of
banking in any part of the world, or issued by or under the authority of any
State or Sovereign Power, and intended to be used as equivalent to, or as, a
substitute for money.]', 'BNS Section': '178', 'BNS Heading': 'Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currencynotes or banknotes', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter X
Of Offences Relating to Coin, CurrencyNotes, BankNotes, and Government Stamps
178. Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currencynotes or banknotes.
Whoever counterfeits, or knowingly performs any part of the process of counterfeiting, any coin, stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, currencynote or banknote, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Explanation.For the purposes of this Chapter,
(1) the expression "banknote" means a promissory note or engagement for the payment of money to bearer on demand issued by any person carrying on the business of banking in any part of the world, or issued by or under the authority of any State or Sovereign Power, and intended to be used as equivalent to, or as a substitute for money;
(2) "coin" shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in section 2 of the Coinage Act, 2011 and includes metal used for the time being as money and is stamped and issued by or under the authority of any State or Sovereign Power intended to be so used;
(3) a person commits the offence of "counterfeiting Government stamp" who counterfeits by causing a genuine stamp of one denomination to appear like a genuine stamp of a different denomination;
(4) a person commits the offence of counterfeiting coin who intending to practise deception, or knowing it to be likely that deception will thereby be practised, causes a genuine coin to appear like a different coin; and
(5) the offence of "counterfeiting coin" includes diminishing the weight or alteration of the composition, or alteration of the appearance of the coin.'}