Vicky190519/IPC_and_BNS_transformation huggingface dataset:
Explain the legal implications of absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 172: Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '172', 'IPC Heading': 'Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
172.
Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding
Whoever absconds in
order to avoid being served with a summons, notice or order, proceeding from
any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue such
summons, notice or order, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term
which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred
rupees, or with both;
or, if the summons or
notice or order is to attend in person or by agent, or to produce a document in
a Court of Justice, with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six
months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '206', 'BNS Heading': 'Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XIII
Of Contempts of The Lawful Authority of Public Servants
206. Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding.
Whoever absconds in order to avoid being served with a summons, notice or order proceeding from any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue such summons, notice or order,
(a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;
(b) where such summons or notice or order is to attend in person or by agent, or to produce a document or an electronic record in a Court shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the provisions for preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 173: Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '173', 'IPC Heading': 'Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
173.
Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication
thereof 
Whoever in any manner
intentionally prevents the serving on himself, or on any other person, of any
summons, notice or order, proceeding from any public servant legally competent,
as such public servant, to issue such summons, notice or order,
or intentionally
prevents the lawful affixing to any place or any such summons, notice or order,
or intentionally
removes any such summons, notice or order from any place to which it is
lawfully affixed,
or intentionally
prevents the lawful making of any proclamation, under the authority
of any public servant
legally competent, as such public servant, to direct such proclamation to be
made,
shall be punished with
simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine
which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both;
or, if the summons,
notice, order or proclamation is to attend in person or by agent, or to produce
a document in a Court of Justice, with simple imprisonment for a term which may
extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or
with both.', 'BNS Section': '207', 'BNS Heading': 'Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
207. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.
Whoever in any manner intentionally prevents the serving on himself, or on any other person, of any summons, notice or order proceeding from any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue such summons, notice or order, or intentionally prevents the lawful affixing to any place of any such summons, notice or order or intentionally removes any such summons, notice or order from any place to which it is lawfully affixed or intentionally prevents the lawful making of any proclamation, under the authority of any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to direct such proclamation to be made,
(a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;
(b) where the summons, notice, order or proclamation is to attend in person or by agent, or to produce a document or electronic record in a Court, with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the consequences of non-attendance in obedience to an order from a public servant as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 174: Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '174', 'IPC Heading': 'Nonattendance in obedience to an order from public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
174.
Nonattendance in obedience to an order from public servant
Whoever, being legally
bound to attend in person or by an agent at a certain place and time in
obedience to a summons, notice, order or proclamation proceeding from any
public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue the same,
intentionally omits to
attend at that place of time, or departs from the place where he is bound to
attend before the time at which it is lawful for him to depart,
shall be punished with
simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine
which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both,
or, if the summons,
notice, order or proclamation is to attend in person or by agent in a Court of
Justice, with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or
with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.
Illustrations
(a) A, being legally
bound to appear before the 92[High Court] at Calcutta, in obedience
to a subpoena issuing from that Court, intentionally omits to appear. A has
committed the offence defined in this section.
(b) A, being legally
bound to appear before a 93[District Judge], as a witness, in
obedience to a summons issued by that 93[District Judge]
intentionally omits to appear. A has committed the offence defined in this
section.', 'BNS Section': '208', 'BNS Heading': 'Nonattendance in obedience to an order from public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
208. Nonattendance in obedience to an order from public servant.
Whoever, being legally bound to attend in person or by an agent at a certain place and time in obedience to a summons, notice, order, or proclamation proceeding from any public servant legally competent, as such public servant, to issue the same, intentionally omits to attend at that place or time or departs from the place where he is bound to attend before the time at which it is lawful for him to depart,
(a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;
(b) where the summons, notice, order or proclamation is to attend in person or by agent in a Court with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.
Illustrations.
(a) A, being legally bound to appear before a High Court, in obedience to a subpoena issuing from that Court, intentionally omits to appear. A has committed the offence defined in this section.
(b) A, being legally bound to appear before a District Judge, as a witness, in obedience to a summons issued by that District Judge intentionally omits to appear. A has committed the offence defined in this section.'}
Discuss the legal implications of nonappearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974 as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 174A: Nonappearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974 and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.Discuss the legal implications of omission to produce a document to a public servant by a person legally bound to produce it according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 175: Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '174A', 'IPC Heading': 'Nonappearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal Code (IPC) S. 174A. Nonappearance in response to a proclamation under Section 82 of Act 2 of 1974.
[i][174A. Nonappearance in response to a proclamation under Section 82 of Act 2 of 1974.—Whoever fails to appear at the specified place and the specified time as required by a proclamation published under subsection (1) of Section 82 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine or with both, and where a declaration has been made under subsection (4) of that section pronouncing him as a proclaimed offender, he shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.]', 'BNS Section': '209', 'BNS Heading': 'Nonappearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Nyaya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
209. Nonappearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
Whoever fails to appear at the specified place and the specified time as required by a proclamation published under subsection (1) of section 84 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both, or with community service, and where a declaration has been made under subsection (4) of that section pronouncing him as a proclaimed offender, he shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Explain the provisions for omission to give notice or information to a public servant by a person legally bound to give it as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 175	Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person, legally bound to produce it and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '175', 'IPC Heading': 'Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person, legally bound to produce it', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
175.
Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to
produce it 
Whoever, being legally
bound to produce or deliver up any document of any public servant, as such,
intentionally omits so to produce or deliver up the same, shall be punished
with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine
which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both,
or, if the document is
to be produced or delivered up to a Court of Justice, with simple imprisonment
for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousand rupees, or with both.
Illustration
A, being legally bound
to produce a document before a 94[District Court], intentionally
omits to produce the same. A has committed the offence defined in this section.', 'BNS Section': '210', 'BNS Heading': 'Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
210. Omission to Produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.
Whoever, being legally bound to produce or deliver up any document or electronic record to any public servant, as such, intentionally omits so to produce or deliver up the same,
(a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;
(b) and where the document or electronic record is to be produced or delivered up to a Court with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.
Illustration.
A, being legally bound to produce a document before a District Court, intentionally omits to produce the same. A has committed the offence defined in this section.'}
Explain the provisions for omission to give notice or information to a public servant by a person legally bound to give it as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 176: Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '176', 'IPC Heading': 'Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
176        Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it
Whoever, being legally bound to give any notice or to furnish information on any subject to any public servant, as such, intentionally omits to give such notice or to furnish such information in the manner and at the time required by law, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both; or, if the notice or information required to be given respects the commission of an offence, or is required for the purpose of preventing the commission of an offence, or in order to the apprehension of an offender, with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both; or, if the notice or information required to be given is required by an order passed under sub-section (1) of section 565 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898), with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '211', 'BNS Heading': 'Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
211. Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.
Whoever, being legally bound to give any notice or to furnish information on any subject to any public servant, as such, intentionally omits to give such notice or to furnish such information in the manner and at the time required by law,-
(a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both;
(b) where the notice or information required to be given respects the commission of an offence, or is required for the purpose of preventing the commission of an offence, or in order to the apprehension of an offender, with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both;
(c) where the notice or information required to be given is required by an order passed under section 394 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by a public servant to make it according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 178: Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '178', 'IPC Heading': 'Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
178.
Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it
Whoever refuses to
bind himself by an oath 99[or affirmation] to state the truth, when
required so to bind himself by a public servant legally competent to require
that he shall so bind himself, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a
term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '213', 'BNS Heading': 'Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
213. Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.
Whoever refuses to bind himself by an oath or affirmation to state the truth, when required so to bind himself by a public servant legally competent to require that he shall so bind himself, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the provisions for refusing to answer a public servant authorized to question as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 179: Refusing to answer public servant authorized to question and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '179', 'IPC Heading': 'Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
179.Refusing
to answer public servant authorized to question
Whoever, being legally
bound to state the truth on any subject to any public servant, refuses to
answer any question demanded of him touching that subject by such public
servant in the exercise of the legal powers of such public servant, shall be
punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or
with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '214', 'BNS Heading': 'Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
214. Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.
Whoever, being legally bound to state the truth on any subject to any public servant, refuses to answer any question demanded of him touching that subject by such public servant in the exercise of the legal powers of such public servant, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the consequences of refusing to sign a statement as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 180: Refusing to sign statement and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.Explain the legal implications of making a false statement on oath or affirmation to a public servant or person authorized to administer an oath or affirmation as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 181: False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath or affirmation and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '180', 'IPC Heading': 'Refusing to sign statement', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
180.
Refusing to sign statement 
Whoever refuses to
sign any statement made by him, when required to sign that statement by a
public servant legally competent to require that he shall sign that statement,
shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three
months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '215', 'BNS Heading': 'Refusing to sign statement', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
215. Refusing to sign statement.
Whoever refuses to sign any statement made by him, when required to sign that statement by a public servant legally competent to require that he shall sign that statement, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to three thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the consequences of providing false information with intent to cause a public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 181	False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '181', 'IPC Heading': 'False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
181. False
statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorized to
administer an oath or affirmation 
Whoever, being legally
bound by an oath 1[or affirmation] to state the truth on any subject
to any public servant or other person authorized by law to administer such oath
1[or affirmation], makes, to such public servant or other person as
aforesaid, touching the subject, any statement which is false, and which he
either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, shall be
punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to
three years, and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '216', 'BNS Heading': 'False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
216. False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.
Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or affirmation to state the truth on any subject to any public servant or other person authorised by law to administer such oath or affirmation, makes, to such public servant or other person as aforesaid, touching that subject, any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Explain the legal implications of resisting the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 183: Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '183', 'IPC Heading': 'Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
183.
Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public
servant 
Whoever offers any
resistance to the taking of any property by the lawful authority of any public
servant, knowing or having reason to believe that he is such public servant,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may
extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or
with both.', 'BNS Section': '218', 'BNS Heading': 'Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
218. Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant.
Whoever offers any resistance to the taking of any property by the lawful authority of any public servant, knowing or having reason to believe that he is such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the provisions for obstructing the sale of property offered for sale by the authority of a public servant as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 184: Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '184', 'IPC Heading': 'Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
184.
Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant
Whoever intentionally
obstructs any sale of property offered for sale by the lawful authority of any
public servant, as such, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may
extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '219', 'BNS Heading': 'Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
219. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
Whoever intentionally obstructs any sale of property offered for sale by the lawful authority of any public servant, as such, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the consequences of illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by the authority of a public servant according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 185: Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '185', 'IPC Heading': 'Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
185. Illegal
purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant
Whoever, at any sale
of property held by the lawful authority of a public servant, as such,
purchases or bids for any property on account of any person, whether himself or
any other, whom he knows to be under a legal incapacity to purchase that
property at that sale, or bids for such property not intending to perform the
obligations under which he lays himself by such bidding, shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or
with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '220', 'BNS Heading': 'Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
220. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
Whoever, at any sale of property held by the lawful authority of a public servant, as such, purchases or bids for any property on account of any person, whether himself or any other, whom he knows to be under a legal incapacity to purchase that property at that sale, or bids for such property not intending to perform the obligations under which he lays himself by such bidding, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the legal implications of obstructing a public servant in the discharge of public functions as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 186: Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '186', 'IPC Heading': 'Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
186.
Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions
Whoever voluntarily
obstructs any public servant in the discharge of his public functions, shall be
punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to
three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with
both.', 'BNS Section': '221', 'BNS Heading': 'Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
221. Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.
Whoever voluntarily obstructs any public servant in the discharge of his public functions, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand and five hundred rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the provisions for omission to assist a public servant when bound by law to give assistance as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 187: Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '187', 'IPC Heading': 'Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
187.
Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
Whoever, being bound
by law to render or furnish assistance to any public servant in the execution
of his public duty, intentionally omits to give such assistance, shall be
punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or
with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both;
and if such assistance
be demanded of him by a public servant legally competent to make such demand
for the purposes of executing any process lawfully issued by a Court of
Justice, or of preventing the commission of an offence, or of suppressing a
not, or affray, or of apprehending a person charged with or guilty of an
offence, or of having escaped from lawful custody, shall be punished with
simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine
which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '222', 'BNS Heading': 'Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
222. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.
Whoever, being bound by law to render or furnish assistance to any public servant in the execution of his public duty, intentionally omits to give such assistance,
(a) shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to two thousand and five hundred rupees, or with both;
(b) and where such assistance be demanded of him by a public servant legally competent to make such demand for the purposes of executing any process lawfully issued by a Court or of preventing the commission of an offence, or suppressing a riot, or affray, or of apprehending a person charged with or guilty of an offence, or of having escaped from lawful custody, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of threatening injury to a public servant as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 189: Threat of injury to public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '189', 'IPC Heading': 'Threat of injury to public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
189. Threat
of injury to public servant
Whoever holds out any
threat of injury to any public servant, or to any person in whom he believes
that public servant to be interested, for the purpose of inducing that public
servant to do any act, or to forbear or delay to do any act, connected with the
exercise of the public functions of such public servant, shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or
with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '224', 'BNS Heading': 'Threat of injury to public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
224. Threat of injury to public servant.
Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any public servant, or to any person in whom he believes that public servant to be interested, for the purpose of inducing that public servant to do any act, or to forbear or delay to do any act, connected with the exercise of the public functions of such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the provisions for threatening injury to induce a person to refrain from applying for protection to a public servant as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 190: Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '190', 'IPC Heading': 'Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
190. Threat
of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public
servant 
Whoever holds out any
threat of injury to any person for the purpose of inducing that person to
refrain or desist from making a legal application for protection against any
injury to any public servant legally empowered as such to give such protection,
or to cause such protection to be given, shall be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or
with both.', 'BNS Section': '225', 'BNS Heading': 'Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
225. Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.
Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any person for the purpose of inducing that person to refrain or desist from making a legal application for protection against any injury to any public servant legally empowered as such to give such protection, or to cause such protection to be given, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the provisions for giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of a capital offence according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 194: Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '194', 'IPC Heading': 'Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
194. Giving
or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital
offence 
Whoever gives or
fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be
likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence
which is capital 102[by the law for the time being in force in 103[India]]
shall be punished with 104[imprisonment for life], or with rigorous
imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable
to fine;
if innocent person be
thereby convicted and executed and if an innocent person be convicted and
executed in consequence of such false evidence, the person who gives such false
evidence shall be punished either with death or the punishment herein before
described.', 'BNS Section': '230', 'BNS Heading': 'Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
230. Giving or Fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.
(1) Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence which is capital by the law for the time being in force in India shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees.
(2) If an innocent person be convicted and executed in consequence of false evidence referred to in subsection (1), the person who gives such false evidence shall be punished either with death or the punishment specified in subsection (1).'}
Explain the legal implications of giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of an offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 195: Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '195', 'IPC Heading': 'Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
195. Giving
or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence
punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment
Whoever gives or
fabricates false evidence intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be
likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence
which 102[by the law for the time being in force in 103[India]]
is not capital, but punishable with 104[imprisonment for life], or
imprisonment for a term of seven years or upwards, shall be punished as a
person convicted of that offence would be liable to be punished.
Illustration
A gives false evidence
before a Court of Justice, intending thereby to cause Z to be convicted of a
dacoity. The punishment of dacoity is 104[imprisonment for life], or
rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, with or without
fine. A, therefore, is liable to 105[imprisonment for life] or
imprisonment, with or without fine.', 'BNS Section': '231', 'BNS Heading': 'Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
231. Giving or Fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.
Whoever gives or fabricates false evidence intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any person to be convicted of an offence which by the law for the time being in force in India is not capital, but punishable with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term of seven years or upwards, shall be punished as a person convicted of that offence would be liable to be punished.
Illustration.
A gives false evidence before a Court, intending thereby to cause Z to be convicted of a dacoity. The punishment of dacoity is imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, with or without fine. A, therefore, is liable to imprisonment for life or imprisonment, with or without fine.'}
Discuss the consequences of threatening any person to give false evidence as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 195A: Threatening any person to give false evidence and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '195A', 'IPC Heading': 'Threatening any person to give false evidence', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Indian Penal Code ,1860
195A\tThreatening any person to give false evidence
Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause that person to give false evidence shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both; and if innocent person is convicted and sentenced in consequence of such false evidence, with death or imprisonment for more than seven years, the person who threatens shall be punished with the same punishment and sentenced in the same manner and to the same extent as such innocent person is punished and sentenced.
', 'BNS Section': '232', 'BNS Heading': 'Threatening any person to give false evidence', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
232. Threatening any person to give false evidence.
(1) Whoever threatens another with any injury to his person, reputation or property or to the person or reputation of any one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause that person to give false evidence shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
(2) If innocent person is convicted and sentenced in consequence of false evidence referred to in subsection (1), with death or imprisonment for more than seven years, the person who threatens shall be punished with the same punishment and sentence in the same manner and to the same extent such innocent person is punished and sentenced.'}
Explain the provisions for using evidence known to be false according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 196: Using evidence known to be false and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '196', 'IPC Heading': 'Using evidence known to be false', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
196. Using
evidence known to be false 
Whoever corruptly uses
or attempts to use as true or genuine evidence any evidence which he knows to
be false or fabricated, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave or
fabricated false evidence.', 'BNS Section': '233', 'BNS Heading': 'Using evidence known to be false', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
233. Using evidence known to be false.
Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true or genuine evidence any evidence which he knows to be false or fabricated, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave or fabricated false evidence.'}
Discuss the legal implications of issuing or signing a false certificate as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 197: Issuing or signing false certificate and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '197', 'IPC Heading': 'Issuing or signing false certificate', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
197. Issuing
or signing false certificate 
Whoever issues or
signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any
fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing or
believing that such certificate is false in any material point, shall be
punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.', 'BNS Section': '234', 'BNS Heading': 'Issuing or signing false certificate', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
234. Issuing or signing false certificate.
Whoever issues or signs any certificate required by law to be given or signed, or relating to any fact of which such certificate is by law admissible in evidence, knowing or believing that such certificate is false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.'}
Explain the consequences of using as true a certificate known to be false as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 198: Using as true a certificate known to be false and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '198', 'IPC Heading': 'Using as true a certificate known to be false', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
198. Using
as true a certificate known to be false
Whoever corruptly uses
or attempts to use any such certificate as a true certificate, knowing the same
to be false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if
he gave false evidence.', 'BNS Section': '235', 'BNS Heading': 'Using as true a certificate known to be false', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
235. Using as true a Certificate known to be false.
Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use any such certificate as a true certificate, knowing the same to be false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.'}
Discuss the legal implications of making a false statement in a declaration which is by law receivable as evidence according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 199: False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '199', 'IPC Heading': 'False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
199. False
statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
Whoever, in any
declaration made or subscribed by him, which declaration any Court of Justice,
or any public servant or other person, is bound or authorized by law to receive
as evidence of any fact, makes any statement which is false, and which he
either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, touching
any point material to the object for which the declaration is made or used,
shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.', 'BNS Section': '236', 'BNS Heading': 'False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
236. False Statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.
Whoever, in any declaration made or subscribed by him, which declaration any Court or any public servant or other person, is bound or authorised by law to receive as evidence of any fact, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, touching any point material to the object for which the declaration is made or used, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.'}
Explain the provisions for using as true such a declaration knowing it to be false as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 200: Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.Explain the legal implications of causing the disappearance of evidence of an offence, or giving false information to screen an offender as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 201: Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '200', 'IPC Heading': 'Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
200. Using
as true such declaration knowing it to be false
Whoever corruptly uses
or attempts to use as true any such declaration, knowing the same to be false
in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false
evidence.
Explanation  A declaration which is inadmissible merely upon the ground
of some informality, is a declaration within the meaning of sections 199 to
200.', 'BNS Section': '237', 'BNS Heading': 'Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
237. Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.
Whoever corruptly uses or attempts to use as true any such declaration, knowing the same to be false in any material point, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence.
Explanation.A declaration which is inadmissible merely upon the ground of some informality, is a declaration within the meaning of section 236 and this section.'}