Discuss the provisions for murder as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 300: Murder and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.Explain the legal implications of culpable homicide by causing the death of a person other than the person whose death was intended as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 301: Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '300', 'IPC Heading': 'Murder', 'IPC Descriptions': " Indian Penal Code, 1860 
300. Murder
Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is
murder, if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of
causing death, or
Secondly If it is done with the intention of causing such
bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the
person to whom the harm is caused, or
Thirdly If it is done with the intention of causing bodily
injury to any person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is
sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, or
Fourthly, If the person committing the act knows that it is so
imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death or such
bodily injury as is likely to cause death, and commits such act without any
excuse for incurring the risk of causing death or such injury as aforesaid.
Illustrations
(a) A shoots Z with the intention of killing him. Z dies in
consequence. A commits murder.
(b) A, knowing that Z is laboring under such a disease that a
blow is likely to cause his death, strikes him with the intention of causing
bodily injury. Z dies in consequence of the blow. A is guilty of murder,
although the blow might not have been sufficient in the ordinary course of
nature to cause the death of a person in a sound state of health. But if A, not
knowing that Z is laboring under any disease, gives him such a blow as would
not in the ordinary course of nature kill a person in a sound state of health,
here A, although he may intend to cause bodily injury, is not guilty of murder,
if he did not intend to cause death, or such bodily injury as in the ordinary
course of nature would cause death.
(c) A intentionally gives Z a swordcut or clubwound sufficient
to cause the death of a man in the ordinary course of nature. Z dies in
consequence. Here, A is guilty of murder, although he may not have intended to
cause Z's death.
(d) A without any excuse fires a loaded cannon into a crowd of
persons and kills one of them. A is guilty of murder, although he may not have
had a premeditated design to kill any particular individual.
Exception 1  When culpable homicide is not murder Culpable
homicide is not murder if the offender, whilst deprived of the power of
selfcontrol by grave and sudden provocation, causes the death of the person who
gave the provocation or causes the death of any other person by mistake or
accident.
The above exception is subject to the following provisos:
First That the provocation is not sought or voluntarily
provoked by the offender as an excuse for killing. or doing harm to any person.
Secondly That the provocation is not given by anything done in
obedience to the law, or by a public servant in the lawful exercise of the
powers of such public servant.
Thirdly That the provocation is not given by anything done in
the lawful exercise of the right of private defense.
Explanation  Whether the provocation was grave and sudden
enough to prevent the offence from amounting to murder is a question of fact.
Illustrations
(a) A, under the influence of passion excited by a provocation
given by Z, intentionally kills. Y, Z's child. This is murder, in as much as
the provocation was not given by the child, and the death of the child was not
caused by accident or misfortune in doing an act caused by the provocation.
(b) Y gives grave and sudden provocation to A. A, on this
provocation, fires a pistol at Y, neither intending nor knowing himself to be
likely to kill Z, who is near him, but out of sight. A kills Z. Here A has not
committed murder, but merely culpable homicide.
(c) A is lawfully arrested by Z, a bailiff. A is excited to
sudden and violent passion by the arrest, and kills Z. This is murder, in as
much as the provocation was given by a thing done by a public servant in the
exercise of his powers.
(d) A appears as witness before Z, a Magistrate, Z says that he
does not believe a word of A's deposition, and that A has perjured himself. A
is moved to sudden passion by these words, and kills Z. This is murder.
(e) A attempts to pull Z's nose, Z, in the exercise of the right
of private defense, lays hold of A to prevent him from doing so. A is moved to
sudden and violent passion in consequence, and kills Z. This is murder, in as
much as the provocation was given by a thing done in the exercise of the right
of private defense.
(f) Z strikes B. B is by this provocation excited to violent
rage. A, a bystander, intending to take advantage of B's rage, and to cause him
to kill Z, puts a knife into B's hand for that purpose. B kills Z with the
knife. Here B may have committed only culpable homicide, but A is guilty of
murder.
Exception 2  Culpable homicide is not murder if the
offender, in the exercise in good faith of the right of private defense of
person or property, exceeds the power given to him by law and causes the death
of the person against whom he is exercising such right of defense without
premeditation, and without any intention of doing more harm than is necessary
for the purpose of such defense.
Illustration
Z attempts to horsewhip A, not in such a manner as to cause grievous
hurt to A. A draws out a pistol. Z persists in the assault. A believing in good
faith that he can by no other means prevent himself from being horsewhipped,
shoots Z dead. A has not committed murder, but only culpable homicide.
Exception 3  Culpable homicide is not murder if the
offender, being a public servant or aiding. a public servant acting for the
advancement of public justice, exceeds the powers given to him by law, and
causes death by doing an act which he, in good faith, believes to be lawful and
necessary for the due discharge of his duty as such public servant and without
illwill towards the person whose death is caused.
Exception 4.  Culpable homicide is not murder if it is
committed without premeditation in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a
sudden quarrel and without the offender having taken undue advantage or acted
in a cruel or unusual manner.
Explanation  It is immaterial in such cases which party
offers the provocation or commits the first assault.
Exception 5  Culpable homicide is not murder when the
person whose death is caused, being above the age of eighteen years, suffers
death or takes the risk of death with his own consent.
Illustration
A, by instigation, voluntarily causes, Z, a person under
eighteen years of age to commit suicide. Here, on account of Z's youth, he was
incapable of giving consent to his own death; A has therefore abetted murder.", 'BNS Section': '101', 'BNS Heading': 'Murder', 'BNS description': "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
101. Murder.
Except in the cases hereinafter excepted, culpable homicide is murder,
(a) if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing death; or
(b) if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause the death of the person to whom the harm is caused; or
(c) if the act by which the death is caused is done with the intention of causing bodily injury to any person and the bodily injury intended to be inflicted is sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death; or
(d) if the person committing the act by which the death is caused, knows that it is so imminently dangerous that it must, in all probability, cause death, or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, and commits such act without any excuse for incurring the risk of causing death or such injury as aforesaid.
Illustrations.
(a) A shoots Z with the intention of killing him. Z dies in consequence. A commits murder.
(b) A, knowing that Z is labouring under such a disease that a blow is likely to cause his death, strikes him with the intention of causing bodily injury. Z dies in consequence of the blow. A is guilty of murder, although the blow might not have been sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause the death of a person in a sound state of health. But if A, not knowing that Z is labouring under any disease, gives him such a blow as would not in the ordinary course of nature kill a person in a sound state of health, here A, although he may intend to cause bodily injury, is not guilty of murder, if he did not intend to cause death, or such bodily injury as in the ordinary course of nature would cause death.
(c) A intentionally gives Z a swordcut or clubwound sufficient to cause the death of a man in the ordinary course of nature. Z dies in consequence. Here A is guilty of murder, although he may not have intended to cause Z's death.
(d) A without any excuse fires a loaded cannon into a crowd of persons and kills one of them. A is guilty of murder, although he may not have had a premeditated design to kill any particular individual.
Exception 1.Culpable homicide is not murder if the offender, whilst deprived of the power of selfcontrol by grave and sudden provocation, causes the death of the person who gave the provocation or causes the death of any other person by mistake or accident:
Provided that the provocation is not,
(a) sought or voluntarily provoked by the offender as an excuse for killing or doing harm to any person;
(b) given by anything done in obedience to the law, or by a public servant in the lawful exercise of the powers of such public servant;
(c) given by anything done in the lawful exercise of the right of private defence.
Explanation.Whether the provocation was grave and sudden enough to prevent the offence from amounting to murder is a question of fact.
Illustrations.
(a) A, under the influence of passion excited by a provocation given by Z, intentionally kills Y, Z's child. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was not given by the child, and the death of the child was not caused by accident or misfortune in doing an act caused by the provocation.
(b) Y gives grave and sudden provocation to A. A, on this provocation, fires a pistol at Y, neither intending nor knowing himself to be likely to kill Z, who is near him, but out of sight. A kills Z. Here A has not committed murder, but merely culpable homicide.
(c) A is lawfully arrested by Z, a bailiff. A is excited to sudden and violent passion by the arrest, and kills Z. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was given by a thing done by a public servant in the exercise of his powers.
(d) A appears as a witness before Z, a Magistrate. Z says that he does not believe a word of A's deposition, and that A has perjured himself. A is moved to sudden passion by these words, and kills Z. This is murder.
(e) A attempts to pull Z's nose. Z, in the exercise of the right of private defence, lays hold of A to prevent him from doing so. A is moved to sudden and violent passion in consequence, and kills Z. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was giving by a thing done in the exercise of the right of private defence.
(f) Z strikes B. B is by this provocation excited to violent rage. A, a bystander, intending to take advantage of B's rage, and to cause him to kill Z, puts a knife into B's hand for that purpose. B kills Z with the knife. Here B may have committed only culpable homicide, but A is guilty of murder.
Exception 2.Culpable homicide is not murder if the offender in the exercise in good faith of the right of private defence of person or property, exceeds the power given to him by law and causes the death of the person against whom he is exercising such right of defence without premeditation, and without any intention of doing more harm than is necessary for the purpose of such defence.
Illustration.
Z attempts to horsewhip A, not in such a manner as to cause grievous hurt to A. A draws out a pistol. Z persists in the assault. A believing in good faith that he can by no other means prevent himself from being horsewhipped, shoots Z dead. A has not committed murder, but only culpable homicide.
Exception 3.Culpable homicide is not murder if the offender, being a public servant or aiding a public servant acting for the advancement of public justice, exceeds the powers given to him by law, and causes death by doing an act which he, in good faith, believes to be lawful and necessary for the due discharge of his duty as such public servant and without illwill towards the person whose death is caused.
Exception 4.Culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without premeditation in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel and without the offender's having taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner.
Explanation.It is immaterial in such cases which party offers the provocation or commits the first assault.
Exception 5.Culpable homicide is not murder when the person whose death is caused, being above the age of eighteen years, suffers death or takes the risk of death with his own consent. Illustration. A, by instigation, voluntarily causes Z, a child to commit suicide. Here, on account of Z's youth, he was incapable of giving consent to his own death; A has therefore abetted murder."}