Vicky190519/IPC_and_BNS_transformation huggingface dataset:
Explain the definition and legal consequences of rioting as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 146: Rioting and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '146', 'IPC Heading': 'Rioting', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
146. Rioting
Whenever force or
violence is used by an unlawful assembly, or by any member thereof, in
prosecution of the common object of such assembly, every member of such
assembly is guilty of the offence of rioting.', 'BNS Section': '191(1)', 'BNS Heading': 'Rioting', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
191. Rioting.
(1) Whenever force or violence is used by an unlawful assembly, or by any member thereof, in prosecution of the common object of such assembly, every member of such assembly is guilty of the offence of rioting.
(2) Whoever is guilty of rioting, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
(3) Whoever is guilty of rioting, being armed with a deadly weapon or with anything which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the punishment for rioting according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 147: Punishment for rioting and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '147', 'IPC Heading': 'Punishment for rioting', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
147.
Punishment for rioting 
Whoever is guilty of
rioting, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '191(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Rioting', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
191. Rioting.
(2) Whoever is guilty of rioting, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
'}
Explain the legal provisions for rioting while armed with a deadly weapon as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 148: Rioting, armed with deadly weapon and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '148', 'IPC Heading': 'Rioting, armed with deadly weapon', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
148.
Rioting, armed with deadly weapon 
Whoever is guilty of
rioting, being armed with a deadly weapon or with anything which, used as a
weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years,
or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '191(3)', 'BNS Heading': 'Rioting', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
191. Rioting.
(3) Whoever is guilty of rioting, being armed with a deadly weapon or with anything which, used as a weapon of offence, is likely to cause death, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the liability of every member of an unlawful assembly for offences committed in prosecution of the common object according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 149: Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '149', 'IPC Heading': 'Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
149. Every
member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of
common object 
If an offence is
committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution of the common
object of that assembly, or such as the members of that assembly knew to be
likely to be committed in prosecution of that object, every person who, at the
time of the committing of that offence, is a member of the same assembly, is
guilty of that offence.', 'BNS Section': '190', 'BNS Heading': 'Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object', 'BNS description': '"The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
190. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.
If an offence is committed by any member of an unlawful assembly in prosecution of the common object of that assembly, or such as the members of that assembly knew to be likely to be committed in prosecution of that object, every person who, at the time of the committing of that offence, is a member of the same assembly, is guilty of that offence."'}
Explain the legal consequences of hiring or conniving at hiring persons to join an unlawful assembly as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 150: Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '150', 'IPC Heading': 'Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
150. Hiring,
or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly
Whoever hires or
engages or employs, or promotes, or connives at the hiring, engagement or
employment of any person to join or become a member of any unlawful assembly,
shall be punishable as a member of such unlawful assembly, and for any offence
which may be committed by any such person as a member of such unlawful assembly
in pursuance of such hiring, engagement or employment, in the same manner as if
he had been a member of such unlawful assembly, or himself had committed such
offence.', 'BNS Section': '189(6)', 'BNS Heading': 'Unlawful assembly', 'BNS description': '"The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XI
Of Offences Against The Public Tranquillity
189. Unlawful assembly.
(6) Whoever hires or engages, or employs, or promotes, or connives at the hiring, engagement or employment of any person to join or become a member of any unlawful assembly, shall be punishable as a member of such unlawful assembly, and for any offence which may be committed by any such person as a member of such unlawful assembly in pursuance of such hiring, engagement or employment, in the same manner as if he had been a member of such unlawful assembly, or himself had committed such offence.
'}
Discuss the punishment for knowingly joining or continuing in an assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 151: Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '151', 'IPC Heading': 'Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
151.
Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it
has been commanded to disperse 
Whoever knowingly
joins or continues in any assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a
disturbance of the public peace, after such assembly has been lawfully
commanded to disperse, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with
both.
Explanation    If the assembly is an unlawful assembly within the meaning
of section 141, the offender will be punishable under section 145.', 'BNS Section': '189(5)', 'BNS Heading': 'Unlawful assembly', 'BNS description': '"The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XI
Of Offences Against The Public Tranquillity
189. Unlawful assembly.
(5) Whoever knowingly joins or continues in any assembly of five or more persons likely to cause a disturbance of the public peace, after such assembly has been lawfully commanded to disperse, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.
Explanation.If the assembly is an unlawful assembly within the meaning of subsection (1), the offender shall be punishable under subsection (3).
 his control any persons knowing that such persons have been hired, engaged or employed, or are about to be hired, engaged or employed, to join or become members of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.
'}
Explain the legal implications of assaulting or obstructing a public servant when suppressing a riot as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 152: Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc. and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '152', 'IPC Heading': 'Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
152.
Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
Whoever assaults or
threatens to assault, or obstructs or attempts to obstruct, any public servant
in the discharge of his duty as such public servant, in endeavoring to disperse
an unlawful assembly, or to suppress a riot or affray, or uses, or threatens,
or attempts to use criminal force to such public servant, shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three
years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '195', 'BNS Heading': 'Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
195. Assaulting or Obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
(1) Whoever assaults or obstructs any public servant or uses criminal force on any public servant in the discharge of his duty as such public servant in endeavouring to disperse an unlawful assembly, or to suppress a riot or affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine which shall not be less than twentyfive thousand rupees, or with both.
(2) Whoever threatens to assault or attempts to obstruct any public servant or threatens or attempts to use criminal force to any public servant in the discharge of his duty as such public servant in endeavouring to disperse an unlawful assembly, or to suppress a riot or affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the consequences of wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause a riot, whether the riot is committed or not, according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 153: Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot – if rioting be committed: if not committed and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '153', 'IPC Heading': 'Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot – If rioting be committed – If not committed', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
153.
Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riotif rioting be
committedif not committed 
Whoever malignantly,
or wantonly, by doing anything which is illegal, gives provocation to any
person intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause
the offence of rioting to be committed, shall, if the offence of rioting be
committed in consequence of such provocation, be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or
with both; and if the offence of rioting be not committed, with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or
with both.', 'BNS Section': '192', 'BNS Heading': 'Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot: if rioting be committed; if not committed', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
192. Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riotif rioting be committed; if not committed.
Whoever malignantly, or wantonly by doing anything which is illegal, gives provocation to any person intending or knowing it to be likely that such provocation will cause the offence of rioting to be committed, shall, if the offence of rioting be committed in consequence of such provocation, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both; and if the offence of rioting be not committed, with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the liability of a person for whose benefit a riot is committed according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 155: Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '155', 'IPC Heading': 'Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
155.
Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed
Whenever a riot is
committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the owner or
occupier of any land, respecting which such riot takes place or who claims any
interest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the
riot, or who has accepted or derived any benefit there from, such person shall
be punishable with fine, if he or his agent or manager, having reason to
believe that such riot was likely to be committed or that the unlawful assembly
by which such riot was committed was likely to be held, shall not respectively
use all lawful means in his or their power to prevent such assembly or riot
from taking place, and for suppressing and dispersing the same.', 'BNS Section': '193(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
193. Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.

(2) Whenever a riot is committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the owner or occupier of any land respecting which such riot takes place or who claims any interest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the riot, or who has accepted or derived any benefit therefrom, such person shall be punishable with fine, if he or his agent or manager, having reason to believe that such riot was likely to be committed or that the unlawful assembly by which such riot was committed was likely to be held, shall not respectively use all lawful means in his or their power to prevent such assembly or riot from taking place, and for suppressing and dispersing the same.
'}
Explain the liability of an agent of the owner or occupier for whose benefit a riot is committed as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 156: Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '156', 'IPC Heading': 'Liability of agent or owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
156.
Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed
Whenever a riot is
committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the owner or
occupier of any land respecting which such riot takes place, or who claims any
interest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the
riot, or who has accepted or derived any benefit there from, the agent or
manager of such person shall be punishable with fine, if such agent or manager,
having reason to believe that such riot was likely to be committed, or that the
unlawful assembly by which such riot was committed was likely to be held, shall
not use all lawful means in his power to prevent such riot or assembly from
taking place and for suppressing and dispersing the same.', 'BNS Section': '193(3)', 'BNS Heading': 'Liability of agent of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
193. Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.
(3) Whenever a riot is committed for the benefit or on behalf of any person who is the owner or occupier of any land respecting which such riot takes place, or who claims any interest in such land, or in the subject of any dispute which gave rise to the riot, or who has accepted or derived any benefit therefrom, the agent or manager of such person shall be punishable with fine, if such agent or manager, having reason to believe that such riot was likely to be committed, or that the unlawful assembly by which such riot was committed was likely to be held, shall not use all lawful means in his power to prevent such riot or assembly from taking place and for suppressing and dispersing the same.'}
Discuss the legal consequences of harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 157: Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '157', 'IPC Heading': 'Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
157.
Harboring persons hired for an unlawful assembly
Whoever harbors, receives
or assembles, in any house or premises in his occupation or charge, or under
his control any persons, knowing that such persons have been hired, engaged or
employed, or are about to be hired, engaged or employed, to join or become
members of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with
both.', 'BNS Section': '189(7)', 'BNS Heading': 'Unlawful assembly', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XI
Of Offences Against The Public Tranquillity
189. Unlawful assembly.

(7) Whoever harbours, receives or assembles, in any house or premises in his occupation or charge, or under his control any persons knowing that such persons have been hired, engaged or employed, or are about to be hired, engaged or employed, to join or become members of an unlawful assembly, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.
'}
Explain the provisions for being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 158: Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '158', 'IPC Heading': 'Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
158. Being
hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot
Whoever is engaged, or
hired, or offers or attempts to be hired or engaged, to do or assist in doing
any of the acts specified in Section 141, shall be punished with imprisonment
of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine,
or with both, or to go armed and whoever, being so engaged or hired as
aforesaid, goes armed  or engages or offers to go armed, with any deadly
weapon or with anything which used as a weapon of offence is likely to cause
death, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '189(8)(9)', 'BNS Heading': 'Unlawful assembly', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XI
Of Offences Against The Public Tranquillity
189. Unlawful assembly.
(8) Whoever is engaged, or hired, or offers or attempts to be hired or engaged, to do or assist in doing any of the acts specified in subsection (1), shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.
(9) Whoever, being so engaged or hired as referred to in subsection (8), goes armed, or engages or offers to go armed, with any deadly weapon or with anything which used as a weapon of offence is likely to cause death, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the definition and legal implications of affray as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 159: Affray and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '159', 'IPC Heading': 'Affray', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
159. Affray
When two or more
persons, by fighting in a public place, disturb the public peace, they are said
to "commit an affray".', 'BNS Section': '194(1)', 'BNS Heading': 'Affray', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
194. Affray.
(1) When two or more persons, by fighting in a public place, disturb the public peace, they are said to commit an affray.
(2) Whoever commits an affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the punishment for committing affray according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 160: Punishment for committing affray and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.Explain the legal consequences for a public servant disobeying the law with intent to cause injury to any person as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 166: Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '160', 'IPC Heading': 'Punishment for committing affray', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
160.
Punishment for committing affray 
Whoever commits an
affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one hundred
rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '194(2)', 'BNS Heading': 'Affray', 'BNS description': '"The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
194. Affray.
(2) Whoever commits an affray, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both."'}
Discuss the provisions for a public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 166	Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '166', 'IPC Heading': 'Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person', 'IPC Descriptions': " Indian Penal Code, 1860 
166. Public
servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person
Whoever, being a
public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law as to the way in
which he is to conduct himself as such public servant, intending to cause, or
knowing it to be likely that he will, by such disobedience, cause injury to any
person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend
to one year, or with fine, or with both.
Illustration
A, being an officer
directed by law to take property in execution, in order to satisfy a decree
pronounced in Z's favor by a Court of Justice, knowingly disobeys that
direction of law, with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause injury
to Z. A has committed the offence defined in this section.", 'BNS Section': '198', 'BNS Heading': 'Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person', 'BNS description': "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XII
Of Offences by or Relating to Public Servants
198. Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.
Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law as to the way in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will by such disobedience, cause injury to any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.
Illustration.
A, being an officer directed by law to take property in execution, in order to satisfy a decree pronounced in Z's favour by a Court, knowingly disobeys that direction of law, with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause injury to Z. A has committed the offence defined in this section."}
Discuss the provisions for a public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 167: Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '167', 'IPC Heading': 'Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Whoever - by words, either spoken or written, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, promotes or attempts to promote, on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community or any other ground whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religious, racials, language or regional groups or castes or communities, or commits any act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities, and which disturbs or is likely to disturb the public tranquillity, or organizes any exercise, movement, drill or other similar activity intending that the participants in such activity shall use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, or participates in such activity intending to use or be trained to use criminal force or violence or knowing it to be likely that the participants in such activity will use or be trained to use criminal force or violence, against any religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community and such activity for any reason whatsoever causes or is likely to cause fear or alarm or a feeling of insecurity amongst members of such religious, racial, language or regional group or caste or community, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both. Offence committed in place of worship, etc – -Whoever commits an offence specified in sub-section (1) in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '201', 'BNS Heading': 'Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
201. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.
Whoever, being a public servant, and being, as such public servant, charged with the preparation or translation of any document or electronic record, frames, prepares or translates that document or electronic record in a manner which he knows or believes to be incorrect, intending thereby to cause or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause injury to any person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of a public servant unlawfully engaging in trade as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 168: Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '168', 'IPC Heading': 'Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade', 'IPC Descriptions': 'Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant not to engage in trade, engages in trade, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '202', 'BNS Heading': 'Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
202. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.
Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant not to engage in trade, engages in trade, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both or with community service.'}
Discuss the consequences for a public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 169: Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '169', 'IPC Heading': 'Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
169. Public
servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
Whoever, being a
public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant, not to purchase
or bid for certain property, purchases or bids for that property, either in his
own name or in the name of another, or jointly, or in shares with others, shall
be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years,
or with fine, or with both; and the property, if purchased, shall be
confiscated.', 'BNS Section': '203', 'BNS Heading': 'Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
203. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.
Whoever, being a public servant, and being legally bound as such public servant, not to purchase or bid for certain property, purchases or bids for that property, either in his own name or in the name of another, or jointly, or in shares with others, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both; and the property, if purchased, shall be confiscated.'}
Explain the provisions for personating a public servant according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 170: Personating a public servant and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '170', 'IPC Heading': 'Personating a public servant', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
170.
Personating a public servant 
Whoever pretends to
hold any particular office as a public servant, knowing that he does not hold
such office or falsely personates any other person holding such office, and in
such assumed character does or attempts to do any act under colour of such
office, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '204', 'BNS Heading': 'Personating a public servant', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
204. Personating a public servant.
Whoever pretends to hold any particular office as a public servant, knowing that he does not hold such office or falsely personates any other person holding such office, and in such assumed character does or attempts to do any act under colour of such office, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may extend to three years and with fine.'}
Discuss the definitions of 'candidate' and 'electoral right' as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171	Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171', 'IPC Heading': 'Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171. Wearing
garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent
Whoever, not
belonging, to a certain class of public servants, wears any garb or carries any
token resembling any garb or token used by that class of public servants, with
the intention that it may be believed, or with the knowledge that it is likely
to be believed, that he belongs to that class of public servants, shall be
punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to
three months, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with
both.', 'BNS Section': '205', 'BNS Heading': 'Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
205. Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.
Whoever, not belonging to a certain class of public servants, wears any garb or carries any token resembling any garb or token used by that class of public servants, with the intention that it may be believed, or with the knowledge that it is likely to be believed, that he belongs to that class of public servants, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the definitions of 'candidate' and 'electoral right' as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171A: “Candidate”, “Electoral right” defined and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171A', 'IPC Heading': '“Candidate”, “electoral right” defined', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171A.
"Candidate", "Electoral right" defined
For the purposes of
this Chapter
 91  [(a)"candidate" means a person who has been
nominated as a candidate at any election;] 
(b) "electoral
right" means the right of a person to stand, or not to stand as, or to
withdraw from being, a candidate or to vote or refrain from voting at any
election.', 'BNS Section': '206', 'BNS Heading': 'Candidate, electoral right defined', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter IX
Of Offences Relating to Elections
169. Candidate, electoral right defined.
For the purposes of this Chapter
(a) "candidate" means a person who has been nominated as a candidate at any election;
(b) "electoral right" means the right of a person to stand, or not to stand as, or to withdraw from being, a candidate or to vote or refrain from voting at an election.'}
Explain the legal implications of bribery according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171B: Bribery and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171B', 'IPC Heading': 'Bribery', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171B.
Bribery 
(1) Whoever
(i) gives a
gratification to any person with the object of inducing. him or any other
person to exercise any electoral right or of rewarding any person for having
exercised any such right; or
(ii) accepts either
for himself or for any other person any gratification as a reward for
exercising any such right or for inducing or attempting to induce any other
person to exercise any such right;
commits the offence of
bribery:
Provided  that a declaration of public policy or a promise of public
action shall not be an offence under this section. 
(2) A person who
offers, or agrees to give, or offers or attempts to procure, a gratification
shall be deemed to give a gratification.
(3) A person who
obtains or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain a gratification shall be
deemed to accept a gratification, and a person who accepts a gratification as a
motive for doing what he does not intend to do, or as a reward for doing what
he has not done, shall be deemed to have accepted the gratification as a
reward.', 'BNS Section': '207', 'BNS Heading': 'Bribery', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
170. Bribery.
(1) Whoever
(i) gives a gratification to any person with the object of inducing him or any other person to exercise any electoral right or of rewarding any person for having exercised any such right; or
(ii) accepts either for himself or for any other person any gratification as a reward for exercising any such right or for inducing or attempting to induce any other person to exercise any such right, commits the offence of bribery:
Provided that a declaration of public policy or a promise of public action shall not be an offence under this section.
(2) A person who offers, or agrees to give, or offers or attempts to procure, a gratification shall be deemed to give a gratification.
(3) A person who obtains or agrees to accept or attempts to obtain a gratification shall be deemed to accept a gratification, and a person who accepts a gratification as a motive for doing what he does not intend to do, or as a reward for doing what he has not done, shall be deemed to have accepted the gratification as a reward.'}
Discuss the provisions for undue influence at elections as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171C: Undue influence at elections and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171C', 'IPC Heading': 'Under influence at elections', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171C. Undue
influence at elections 
(1) Whoever
voluntarily interferes or attempts to interfere with the free exercise of any
electoral right commits the offence of undue influence at an election.
(2) Without prejudice
to the generality of the provisions of subsection (1), whoever
(a) threatens any
candidate or voter, or any person in whom a candidate or voter is interested,
with injury of any kind, or
(b) induces or
attempts to induce a candidate or voter to believe that he or any person in
whom he is interested will become or will be rendered an object of Divine
displeasure or of spiritual censure,
shall be deemed to
interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of such candidate or
voter, within the meaning of subsection (1).
(3) A declaration of
public policy or a promise of public action, or the mere exercise of a legal
right without intent to interfere with an electoral right, shall not be deemed
to be interference within the meaning of this section.', 'BNS Section': '171', 'BNS Heading': 'Undue influence at elections', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
171. Undue influence at elections.
(1) Whoever voluntarily interferes or attempts to interfere with the free exercise of any electoral right commits the offence of undue influence at an election.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of subsection (1), whoever
(a) threatens any candidate or voter, or any person in whom a candidate or voter is interested, with injury of any kind; or
(b) induces or attempts to induce a candidate or voter to believe that he or any person in whom he is interested will become or will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure or of spiritual censure, shall be deemed to interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of such candidate or voter, within the meaning of subsection (1).
(3) A declaration of public policy or a promise of public action or the mere exercise or a legal right without intent to interfere with an electoral right, shall not be deemed to be interference within the meaning of this section.'}
Explain the concept and consequences of personation at elections according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171D: Personation at elections and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171D', 'IPC Heading': 'Personation at elections', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171D.
Personation at elections 
Whoever at an election
applied for a voting paper or votes in the name of any other person, whether
living or dead, or in a fictitious name, or who having voted once at such
election applies at the same election for a voting paper in his own name, and
whoever abets, procures or attempts to procure the voting by any person in any
such way, commits the offence or personation at an election.', 'BNS Section': '172', 'BNS Heading': 'Personation at elections', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
172. Personation at elections.
Whoever at an election applies for a voting paper on votes in the name of any other person, whether living or dead, or in a fictitious name, or who having voted once at such election applies at the same election for a voting paper in his own name, and whoever abets, procures or attempts to procure the voting by any person in any such way, commits the offence of personation at an election:
Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to a person who has been authorised to vote as proxy for an elector under any law for the time being in force in so far as he votes as a proxy for such elector.'}
Discuss the punishment for bribery as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171E: Punishment for bribery and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171E', 'IPC Heading': 'Punishment for bribery', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171E.
Punishment for bribery
Whoever commits the
offence of bribery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both:
Provided  that bribery by treating shall be punished with fine only. 
Explanation  "Treating" means that form of bribery where the
gratification consists in food, drink, entertainment, or provision.', 'BNS Section': '173', 'BNS Heading': 'Punishment for bribery', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
173. Punishment for bribery.
Whoever commits the offence of bribery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both:
Provided that bribery by treating shall be punished with fine only.
Explanation."Treating" means that form of bribery where the gratification consists in food, drink, entertainment, or provision.'}
Explain the punishment for undue influence or personation at an election as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171F: Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171F', 'IPC Heading': 'Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171F. Punishment
for undue influence or personation at an election
Whoever commits the
offence of undue influence or personation at an election shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year or
with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '174', 'BNS Heading': 'Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
174. Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.
Whoever commits the offence of undue influence or personation at an election shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the legal implications of making a false statement in connection with an election according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171G: False statement in connection with an election and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171G', 'IPC Heading': 'False statement in connection with an election', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171G. False
statement in connection with an election
Whoever with intent to
affect the result of an election makes or publishes any statement purporting to
be a statement of fact which is false and which he either knows or believes to
be false or does not believe to be true, in relation to the personal character
or conduct of any candidate shall be punished with fine.', 'BNS Section': '175', 'BNS Heading': 'False statement in connection with an election', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
175. False statement in connection with an election.
Whoever with intent to affect the result of an election makes or publishes any statement purporting to be a statement of fact which is false and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, in relation to the personal character or conduct of any candidate shall be punished with fine.'}
Explain the provisions for illegal payments in connection with an election as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171H: Illegal payments in connection with an election and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171H', 'IPC Heading': 'Illegal payment in connection with an election', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171H.
Illegal payments in connection with an election
Whoever without the general
or special authority in writing of a candidate incurs or authorizes expenses on
account of the holding of any public meeting, or upon any advertisement,
circular or publication, or in any other way whatsoever for the purpose of
promoting or procuring the election of such candidate, shall be punished with
fine which may extend to five hundred rupees:
Provided  that if any person having incurred any such expenses not
exceeding the amount of ten rupees without authority obtains within ten days
from the date on which such expenses were incurred the approval in writing of
the candidate, he shall be deemed to have incurred such expenses with the
authority of the candidate.', 'BNS Section': '176', 'BNS Heading': 'Illegal payments in connection with an election', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
176. Illegal payments in connection with an election.
Whoever without the general or special authority in writing of a candidate incurs or authorises expenses on account of the holding of any public meeting, or upon any advertisement, circular or publication, or in any other way whatsoever for the purpose of promoting or procuring the election of such candidate, shall be punished with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees:
Provided that if any person having incurred any such expenses not exceeding the amount of ten rupees without authority obtains within ten days from the date on which such expenses were incurred the approval in writing of the candidate, he shall be deemed to have incurred such expenses with the authority of the candidate.'}
Discuss the consequences for failure to keep election accounts as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 171I: Failure to keep election accounts and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '171I', 'IPC Heading': 'Failure to keep election accounts', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
171I.
Failure to keep election accounts 
Whoever being required
by any law for the time being in force or any rule having the force of law to
keep accounts of expenses incurred at or in connection with an election fails
to keep such accounts shall be punished with fine which may extend to five
hundred rupees.]', 'BNS Section': '177', 'BNS Heading': 'Failure to keep election accounts', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
177. Failure to keep election accounts.
Whoever being required by any law for the time being in force or any rule having the force of law to keep accounts of expenses incurred at or in connection with an election fails to keep such accounts shall be punished with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees.'}