Vicky190519/IPC_and_BNS_transformation huggingface dataset:
Discuss the consequences of sale of counterfeit government stamps according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 258: Sale of counterfeit Government stamp and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '258', 'IPC Heading': 'Sale of counterfeit Government stamp', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
258.  Sale
of counterfeit Government stamp
Whoever, sells, or offers for sale, any stamp which he knows or
has reason to believe to be a counterfeit of any stamp issued by Government for
the purpose of revenue, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be
liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '181', 'BNS Heading': 'Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currencynotes or banknotes', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
181. Making or Possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currencynotes or banknotes.
Whoever makes or mends, or performs any part of the process of making or mending, or buys or sells or disposes of, or has in his possession, any machinery, die, or instrument or material for the purpose of being used, or knowing or having reason to believe that it is intended to be used, for forging or counterfeiting any coin, stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, currencynote or banknote, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Explain the provisions for having possession of a counterfeit government stamp as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 259: Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '259', 'IPC Heading': 'Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
259. Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp 
Whoever has in his possession any stamp which he knows to be a
counterfeit of any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue,
intending to use, or dispose of the same as a genuine stamp, or in order that
it may be used as a genuine stamp, shall be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also
be liable to fine.', 'BNS Section': '180', 'BNS Heading': 'Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency notes or banknotes', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
180. Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currencynotes or banknotes.
Whoever has in his possession any forged or counterfeit coin, stamp, currencynote or banknote, knowing or having reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit and intending to use the same as genuine or that it may be used as genuine, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
Explanation.If a person establishes the possession of the forged or counterfeit coin, stamp, currencynote or banknote to be from a lawful source, it shall not constitute an offence under this section.'}
Discuss the legal implications of using as genuine a government stamp known to be counterfeit according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 260: Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.Explain the legal implications of effacing writing from a substance bearing a government stamp, or removing a stamp from a document with intent to cause loss to the government as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 261: Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '260', 'IPC Heading': 'Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
260. Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be a
counterfeit
Whoever uses as genuine any stamp, knowing it to be counterfeit
of any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven
years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '179', 'BNS Heading': 'Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency notes or bank notes', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
179. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currencynotes or banknotes.
Whoever imports or exports, or sells or delivers to, or buys or receives from, any other person, or otherwise traffics or uses as genuine, any forged or counterfeit coin, stamp, currencynote or banknote, knowing or having reason to believe the same to be forged or counterfeit, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Discuss the Effacing, writing fromsubstance bearing Government stamp, or removing fromdocument a stamp used for it,with intent to cause loss toGovernment according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section261	Effacing, writing fromsubstance bearing Government stamp, or removing fromdocument a stamp used for it,with intent to cause loss toGovernmentand their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '261', 'IPC Heading': 'Effacing, writing fromsubstance bearing Government stamp, or removing fromdocument a stamp used for it,with intent to cause loss toGovernment', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
261. Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government
stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss
to Government
Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the
Government, removes or effaces from any substance, bearing any stamp issued by
Government for the purpose of revenue, any writing or document for which such
stamp has been used, or removes from any writing or document a stamp which has
been used for such writing or document, in order that such stamp may be used
for a different writing or document, shall be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or
with both.', 'BNS Section': '183', 'BNS Heading': 'Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stampused for it, with intent to cause lossto Government', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
183. Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.
Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the Government, removes or effaces from any substance, bearing any stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, any writing or document for which such stamp has been used, or removes from any writing or document a stamp which has been used for such writing or document, in order that such stamp may be used for a different writing or document, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the consequences of using a government stamp known to have been used before according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 262: Using Government stamp known to have been before used and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '262', 'IPC Heading': 'Using Government stamp known to have been before used', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
262. Using Government stamp known to have been before used 
Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the
Government, uses for any purpose a stamp issued by Government for the purpose
of revenue, which he knows to have been before used, shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or
with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '184', 'BNS Heading': 'Using Government stamp known to have been before used', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
184. Using Government stamp known to have been before used.
Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to the Government, uses for any purpose a stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, which he knows to have been before used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of erasing a mark denoting that a stamp has been used as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 263: Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '263', 'IPC Heading': 'Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
263. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used 
Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to
Government, erases or removes from a stamp issued by the Government for the
purpose of revenue, any mark, put or impressed upon such stamp for the purpose
of denoting that the same has been used, or knowingly has in his possession or
sells or disposes of any such stamp from which such marknark has been erased
or removed, or sells or disposes of any such stamp which he knows to have been
used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '185', 'BNS Heading': 'Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
185. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.
Whoever, fraudulently or with intent to cause loss to Government, erases or removes from a stamp issued by Government for the purpose of revenue, any mark, put or impressed upon such stamp for the purpose of denoting that the same has been used, or knowingly has in his possession or sells or disposes of any such stamp from which such mark has been erased or removed, or sells or disposes of any such stamp which he knows to have been used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the consequences of fraudulent use of a false instrument for weighing according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 264: Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '264', 'IPC Heading': 'Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
264. Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing 
Whoever fraudulently uses any instrument for weighing which he
knows to be false, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS Heading': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
215. Refusing to sign statement.
Whoever refuses to sign any statement made by him, when required to sign that statement by a public servant legally competent to require that he shall sign that statement, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to three thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the legal implications of fraudulent use of false weight or measure as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 265: Fraudulent use of false weight or measure and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '265', 'IPC Heading': 'Fraudulent use of false weight or measure', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
265. Fraudulent use of false weight or measure 
Whoever fraudulently uses any false weight or false measure of
length or capacity, or fraudulently uses any weight or any measure of length or
capacity as a different weight or measure from what it is, shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one
year, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS Heading': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
216. False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.
Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or affirmation to state the truth on any subject to any public servant or other person authorised by law to administer such oath or affirmation, makes, to such public servant or other person as aforesaid, touching that subject, any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.'}
Explain the provisions for being in possession of false weight or measure as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 266: Being in possession of false weight or measure and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '266', 'IPC Heading': 'Being in possession of false weight or measure', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
266. Being in possession of false weight or measure 
Whoever is in possession of any instrument for weighing, or of
any weight, or of any measure of length or capacity, which he knows to be
false, 133[] intending that the same may be fraudulently used,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may
extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS Heading': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS description': "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
217. False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person.
Whoever gives to any public servant any information which he knows or believes to be false, intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, such public servant
(a) to do or omit anything which such public servant ought not to do or omit if the true state of facts respecting which such information is given were known by him; or
(b) to use the lawful power of such public servant to the injury or annoyance of any person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.
Illustrations.
(a) A informs a Magistrate that Z, a police officer, subordinate to such Magistrate, has been guilty of neglect of duty or misconduct, knowing such information to be false, and knowing it to be likely that the information will cause the Magistrate to dismiss Z. A has committed the offence defined in this section.
(b) A falsely informs a public servant that Z has contraband salt in a secret place, knowing such information to be false, and knowing that it is likely that the consequence of the information will be a search of Z's premises, attended with annoyance to Z. A has committed the offence defined in this section.
(c) A falsely informs a policeman that he has been assaulted and robbed in the neighbourhood of a particular village. He does not mention the name of any person as one of his assailants, but knows it to be likely that in consequence of this information the police will make enquiries and institute searches in the village to the annoyance of the villagers or some of them. A has committed an offence under this section."}
Discuss the consequences of making or selling false weight or measure according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 267: Making or selling false weight or measure and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '267', 'IPC Heading': 'Making or selling false weight or measure', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
267. Making or selling false weight or measure 
Whoever makes, sells or disposes of any instrument for weighing,
or any weight, or any measure of length or capacity which he knows to be false,
in order that the same may be used as true, or knowing that the same is likely
to be used as true, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS Heading': 'Repealed in BNS', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
218. Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant.
Whoever offers any resistance to the taking of any property by the lawful authority of any public servant, knowing or having reason to believe that he is such public servant, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of public nuisance as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 268: Public nuisance and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '268', 'IPC Heading': 'Public nuisance', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
268. Public nuisance
A person is guilty of a public nuisance who does any act or is
guilty of an illegal omission which causes any common injury, danger or
annoyance to the public or to the people in general who dwell or occupy
property in the vicinity, or which must necessarily cause injury, obstruction,
danger or annoyance to persons who may have occasion to use any public right.
A common nuisance is not excused on the ground that it causes some
convenience or advantage.', 'BNS Section': '270', 'BNS Heading': 'Public nuisance', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Chapter XV
Of Offences Affecting The Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals
270. Public nuisance.
A person is guilty of a public nuisance who does any act or is guilty of an illegal omission which causes any common injury, danger or annoyance to the public or to the people in general who dwell or occupy property in the vicinity, or which must necessarily cause injury, obstruction, danger or annoyance to persons who may have occasion to use any public right but a common nuisance is not excused on the ground that it causes some convenience or advantage.'}
Discuss the provisions for negligent acts likely to spread infection of a disease dangerous to life as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 269: Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '269', 'IPC Heading': 'Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
269. Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease
dangerous to life
Whoever unlawfully or negligently does any act which is, and
which he knows or has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection
of any disease dangerous to life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with
both.', 'BNS Section': '271', 'BNS Heading': 'Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
271. Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
Whoever unlawfully or negligently does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the consequences of malignant acts likely to spread infection of a disease dangerous to life according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 270: Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '270', 'IPC Heading': 'Malignant Act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
270. Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease
dangerous to life
Whoever malignantly does any act which is, and which he knows or
has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease
dangerous to life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '272', 'BNS Heading': 'Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
272. Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
Whoever malignantly does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be, likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.'}
Discuss the legal implications of disobedience to quarantine rules as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 271: Disobedience to quarantine rule and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '271', 'IPC Heading': 'Disobedience to quarantine rule', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
271. Disobedience to quarantine rule 
Whoever knowingly disobeys any rule made and promulgated 134[by
the 135[]Government 136[] for putting any vessel
into a state of quarantine, or for regulating the intercourse of vessels in a state
of quarantine with the shore or with other vessels, or for regulating the
intercourse between places where an infectious disease prevails and other
places, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '273', 'BNS Heading': 'Disobedience to quarantine rule', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
273. Disobedience to quarantine rule.
Whoever knowingly disobeys any rule made by the Government for putting any mode of transport into a state of quarantine, or for regulating the intercourse of any such transport in a state of quarantine or for regulating the intercourse between places where an infectious disease prevails and other places, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine, or with both.'}
Explain the provisions for adulteration of food or drink intended for sale as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 272: Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '272', 'IPC Heading': 'Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
272. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale 
Whoever adulterates any article of food or drink, so as to make
such article noxious as food or drink, intending to sell such article as food
or drink, or knowing it to be likely that the same will be sold as food or
drink, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand
rupees, or with both.
STATE AMENDMENTS
State of Uttar Pradesh: 
In sections 272, 273, 274, 275 and 276 for the words "shall
be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend
to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with
both" the following shall be substituted, namely:
"shall be punished with imprisonment for life and shall
also be liable to fine:
Provided that the court may, for adequate reason to be mentioned
in the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment which is less than imprisonment
tot life."
[Vide U.P. Act No. 47 of 1975].
State of West Bengal: 
In its application to the State of West Bengal in sections 272,
273, 274, 275 and 276 for the words "of either description tot, a term
which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand
rupees, or with both" the following shall be substituted, namely:
"for life with or without fine:
Provided that the Court may, for adequate and special reasons to
be mentioned in the judgment. impose a sentence of imprisonment which is less
than imprisonment for life."
[Vide: W.B. Act No. 42 of 1973, w.e.f. 29th. April, 1973].', 'BNS Section': '274', 'BNS Heading': 'Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
274. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.
Whoever adulterates any article of food or drink, so as to make such article noxious as food or drink, intending to sell such article as food or drink, or knowing it to be likely that the same will be sold as food or drink, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the consequences of selling noxious food or drink according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 273: Sale of noxious food or drink and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '273', 'IPC Heading': 'Sale of noxious food or drink', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
273.  Sale
of noxious food or drink
Whoever sells, or offers or exposes for sale, as food or drink,
any article which has been rendered or has become noxious, or is in a state
unfit for food or drink, knowing or having reason to believe that the same is
noxious as food or drink, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may
extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '275', 'BNS Heading': 'Sale of noxious food or drink', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
275. Sale of noxious food or drink.
Whoever sells, or offers or exposes for sale, as food or drink, any article which has been rendered or has become noxious, or is in a state unfit for food or drink, knowing or having reason to believe that the same is noxious as food or drink, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of adulteration of drugs as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 274: Adulteration of drugs and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '274', 'IPC Heading': 'Adulteration of drugs', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
274. Adulteration of drugs 
Whoever adulterates any drug or medical preparation in such a
manner as to lessen the efficacy or change the operation of such drug or
medical preparation, or to make it noxious, intending that it shall be sold or
used for, or knowing it to be likely that it will be sold or used for, any
medical purpose, as if it had not undergone such adulteration, shall be
punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to
six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '276', 'BNS Heading': 'Adulteration of drugs', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
276. Adulteration of drugs.
Whoever adulterates any drug or medical preparation in such a manner as to lessen the efficacy or change the operation of such drug or medical preparation, or to make it noxious, intending that it shall be sold or used for, or knowing it to be likely that it will be sold or used for, any medicinal purpose, as if it had not undergone such adulteration, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the provisions for sale of adulterated drugs as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 275: Sale of adulterated drugs and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '275', 'IPC Heading': 'Sale of adulterated drugs', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
275.  Sale
of adulterated drugs
Whoever, knowing any drug or medical preparation to have been
adulterated in such a manner as to lessen its efficacy, to change its
operation, or to render it noxious, sells the same, or offers or exposes it for
sale, or issues it from any dispensary for medicinal purposes as unadulterated,
or causes it to be used for medicinal purposes by any person not knowing of the
adulteration, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a
term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '277', 'BNS Heading': 'Sale of adulterated drugs', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
277. Sale of adulterated drugs.
Whoever, knowing any drug or medical preparation to have been adulterated in such a manner as to lessen its efficacy, to change its operation, or to render it noxious, sells the same, or offers or exposes it for sale, or issues it from any dispensary for medicinal purposes as unadulterated, or causes it to be used for medicinal purposes by any person not knowing of the adulteration, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the consequences of selling a drug as a different drug or preparation according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 276: Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '276', 'IPC Heading': 'Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
276.  Sale
of drug as a different drug or preparation
Whoever knowingly sells, or offers or exposes for sale, or
issues from a dispensary for medicinal purposes, any drug or medical
preparation, as a different drug or medical preparation, shall be punished with
imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months,
or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '278', 'BNS Heading': 'Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
278. Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.
Whoever knowingly sells, or offers or exposes for sale, or issues from a dispensary for medicinal purposes, any drug or medical preparation, as a different drug or medical preparation, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the legal implications of fouling water of a public spring or reservoir as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 277: Fouling water of public spring or reservoir and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '277', 'IPC Heading': 'Fouling water of public spring or reservoir', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
277. Fouling water of public spring or reservoir 
Whoever voluntarily corrupts or fouls the water of any public
spring or reservoir, so as to render it less fit for the purpose for which it
is ordinarily used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to
five hundred rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '279', 'BNS Heading': 'Fouling water of public spring or reservoir', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
279. Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.
Whoever voluntarily corrupts or fouls the water of any public spring or reservoir, so as to render it less fit for the purpose for which it is ordinarily used, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the provisions for making the atmosphere noxious to health as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 278: Making atmosphere noxious to health and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '278', 'IPC Heading': 'Making atmosphere noxious to health', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
278. Making atmosphere noxious to health 
Whoever voluntarily vitiates the atmosphere in any place so as
to make it noxious to the health of persons is general dwelling or carrying on
business in the neighborhood or passing along a public way, shall be punished
with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.', 'BNS Section': '280', 'BNS Heading': 'Making atmosphere noxious to health', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
280. Making Atmosphere noxious to health.
Whoever voluntarily vitiates the atmosphere in any place so as to make it noxious to the health of persons in general dwelling or carrying on business in the neighbourhood or passing along a public way, shall be punished with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees.'}
Discuss the consequences of rash driving or riding on a public way according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 279: Rash driving or riding on a public way and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '279', 'IPC Heading': 'Rash driving or riding on a public way', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
279. Rash driving or riding on a public way 
Whoever drives any vehicle, or rides, on any public way in a
manner so rash or negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause
hurt or injury to any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of
either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine
which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '281', 'BNS Heading': 'Rash driving or riding on a public way', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
281. Rash driving or riding on a public way.
Whoever drives any vehicle, or rides, on any public way in a manner so rash or negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of rash navigation of a vessel as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 280: Rash navigation of vessel and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.Explain the legal implications of exhibiting a false light, mark, or buoy as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 281: Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '280', 'IPC Heading': 'Rash navigation of vessel', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
280. Rash navigation of vessel 
Whoever navigates any vessel in a manner so rash or negligent as
to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other
person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand
rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '282', 'BNS Heading': 'Rash navigation of vessel', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
282. Rash navigation of vessel.
Whoever navigates any vessel in a manner so rash or negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the Exhibition of false light, mark or buoyl according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 281:Exhibition of false light, mark or buoyand their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '281', 'IPC Heading': 'Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
281. Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy 
Whoever exhibits any false light, mark or buoy, intending or
knowing it to be likely that such exhibition will mislead any navigator, shall
be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend
to seven years, or with fine, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '283', 'BNS Heading': 'Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
283. Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.
Whoever exhibits any false light, mark or buoy, intending or knowing it to be likely that such exhibition will mislead any navigator, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and with fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees.'}
Discuss the consequences of conveying a person by water for hire in an unsafe or overloaded vessel according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 282: Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '282', 'IPC Heading': 'Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
282. Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or
overloaded vessel
Whoever knowingly or negligently conveys, or causes to be
conveyed for hire, any person by water in any vessel, when that vessel is in
such a state or as loaded as to endanger the life of that person, shall be
punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to
six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '284', 'BNS Heading': 'Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
284. Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.
Whoever knowingly or negligently conveys, or causes to be conveyed for hire, any person by water in any vessel, when that vessel is in such a state or so loaded as to endanger the life of that person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the legal implications of causing danger or obstruction in a public way or line of navigation as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 283: Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '283', 'IPC Heading': 'Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
283. Danger or obstruction in public way or line of
navigation
Whoever, by doing any act, or by omitting to take order with any
property in his possession or under his charge, causes danger, obstruction or
injury to any person in any public way or public line of navigation, shall be
punished with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees.', 'BNS Section': '285', 'BNS Heading': 'Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
285. Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.
Whoever, by doing any act, or by omitting to take order with any property in his possession or under his charge, causes danger, obstruction or injury to any person in any public way or public line of navigation, shall be punished with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees.'}
Discuss the provisions for negligent conduct with respect to a poisonous substance as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 284: Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '284', 'IPC Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
284. Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance 
Whoever does, with any poisonous substance, any act in a manner
so rash or negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt
or injury to any person,
or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any
poisonous substance in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any
probable danger to human life from such poisonous substance,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a
term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '286', 'BNS Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
286. Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.
Whoever does, with any poisonous substance, any act in a manner so rash or negligent as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any person or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any poisonous substance in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from such poisonous substance, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the consequences of negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 285: Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '285', 'IPC Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
285. Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible
matter
Whoever does, with fire or any combustible matter, any act so
rashly or negligently as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt
or injury to any other person,
or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any
fire or any combustible matter in his possession as is sufficient to guard
against any probable danger to human life from such fire or combustible matter,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a
term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '287', 'BNS Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
287. Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.
Whoever does, with fire or any combustible matter, any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any fire or any combustible matter in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from such fire or combustible matter, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Discuss the legal implications of negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance as outlined in Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 286: Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '286', 'IPC Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
286. Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance 
Whoever does, with any explosive substance, any act so rashly or
negligently as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury
to any other person,
or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any
explosive substance in his possession as is sufficient to guard against an
probable danger to human life from that substance,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a
term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand
rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '288', 'BNS Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
288. Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.
Whoever does, with any explosive substance, any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person, or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any explosive substance in his possession as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from that substance, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}
Explain the provisions for negligent conduct with respect to machinery as per Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 287: Negligent conduct with respect to machinery and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '287', 'IPC Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to machinery', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
287. Negligent conduct with respect to machinery 
Whoever does, with any machinery, any act so rashly or
negligently as to endanger human life, or to be likely to cause hurt or injury
to any other person,
or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any
machinery in his possession or under his care as is sufficient to guard against
any probable danger to human life from such machinery,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a
term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousand rupees, or with both.', 'BNS Section': '289', 'BNS Heading': 'Negligent conduct with respect to machinery', 'BNS description': 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
289. Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.
Whoever does, with any machinery, any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or to be likely to cause hurt or injury to any other person or knowingly or negligently omits to take such order with any machinery in his possession or under his care as is sufficient to guard against any probable danger to human life from such machinery, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees, or with both.'}