Explain the legal implications of criminal breach of trust according to Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) Section 405: Criminal breach of trust and their relevant Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 (BNS 2023) code reference.

{'IPC Section': '405', 'IPC Heading': 'Criminal breach of trust', 'IPC Descriptions': ' Indian Penal Code, 1860 
405. Criminal breach of trust 
Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with
any dominion over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own
use that property, or dishonestly uses or disposes of that property in violation
of any direction of law prescribing the mode in which such trust is to be
discharged, or of any legal contract, express or implied, which he has made
touching the discharge of such trust, or willfully suffers any other person so
to do, commits "criminal breach of trust".
 168  [Explanation 169[1] A person, being an
employer 170[of an establishment whether exempted under section 17
of the Employees\' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 (19 of
1952), or not] who deducts the employee\'s contribution from the wages payable
to the employee for credit to a Provident Fund or Family Pension Fund
established by any law for the time being in force, shall be deemed to have
been entrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he
makes default in the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation
of the said law, shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the
said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.]
 171  [Explanation 2 A person, being an employer, who
deducts the employees\' contribution from the wages payable to the employee for
credit to the Employees\' State Insurance Fund held and administered by the
Employees\' State Insurance Corporation established under. the Employees\' State
Insurance Act, 1948 (34 of 1948), shall be deemed to have been entrusted with
the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in
the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said Act,
shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in
violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.]
Illustrations
(a) A, being executor to the will of a deceased person,
dishonestly disobeys the law which directs him to divide the effects according
to the will, and appropriate them to his own use. A has committed criminal
breach of trust.
(b) A is a warehousekeeper. Z going on a journey, entrusts his
furniture to A, under a contract that it shall be returned on payment of a
stipulated sum for warehouse room. A dishonestly sells the goods. A has
committed criminal breach of trust.
(c) A, residing in Calcutta, is agent for Z, residing at Delhi.
There is an express or implied contract between A and Z, that all sums remitted
by Z to A shall be invested by A, according to Z\'s direction. Z remits a lakhs
of rupees to A, with directions to A to invest the same in Company\'s paper. A
dishonestly disobeys the direction and employs the money in his own business. A
has committed criminal breach of trust.
(d) But if A, in the last illustration, not dishonestly but in
good faith, believing that it will be more for Z\'s advantage to hold shares in
the Bank of Bengal, disobeys Z\'s directions, and buys shares in the Bank of
Bengal, for Z, instead of buying Company\'s paper, here, though Z should suffer
loss, and should be entitled to bring a civil action against A, on account of
that loss, yet A, not having acted dishonestly, has not committed criminal
breach of trust.
(e) A, a revenueofficer, is entrusted with public money and is
either. directed by law, or bound by a contract, express or implied, with the
Government, to pay into a certain treasury all the public money which he holds.
A dishonestly appropriates the money. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
(f) A, a carrier, is entrusted by Z with property to be carried
by ]and or by water. A dishonestly misappropriates the property. A has
committed criminal breach of trust.', 'BNS Section': '316', 'BNS Heading': 'Criminal breach of trust', 'BNS description': "The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Of criminal breach of trust
316. Criminal breach of trust.
(1) Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use that property, or dishonestly uses or disposes of that property in violation of any direction of law prescribing the mode in which such trust is to be discharged, or of any legal contract, express or implied, which he has made touching the discharge of such trust, or wilfully suffers any other person so to do, commits criminal breach of trust.
Explanation 1.A person, being an employer of an establishment whether exempted under section 17 of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 or not who deducts the employee's contribution from the wages payable to the employee for credit to a Provident Fund or Family Pension Fund established by any law for the time being in force, shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said law, shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.
Explanation 2.A person, being an employer, who deducts the employees' contribution from the wages payable to the employee for credit to the Employees' State Insurance Fund held and administered by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation established under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said Act, shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.
Illustrations.
(a) A, being executor to the will of a deceased person, dishonestly disobeys the law which directs him to divide the effects according to the will, and appropriates them to his own use. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
(b) A is a warehousekeeper Z going on a journey, entrusts his furniture to A, under a contract that it shall be returned on payment of a stipulated sum for warehouse room. A dishonestly sells the goods. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
(c) A, residing in Kolkata, is agent for Z, residing at Delhi. There is an express or implied contract between A and Z, that all sums remitted by Z to A shall be invested by A, according to Z's direction. Z remits one lakh of rupees to A, with directions to A to invest the same in Company's paper. A dishonestly disobeys the directions and employs the money in his own business. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
(d) But if A, in illustration (c), not dishonestly but in good faith, believing that it will be more for Z's advantage to hold shares in the Bank of Bengal, disobeys Z's directions, and buys shares in the Bank of Bengal, for Z, instead of buying Company's paper, here, though Z should suffer loss, and should be entitled to bring a civil action against A, on account of that loss, yet A, not having acted dishonestly, has not committed criminal breach of trust.
(e) A, a revenueofficer, is entrusted with public money and is either directed by law, or bound by a contract, express or implied, with the Government, to pay into a certain treasury all the public money which he holds. A dishonestly appropriates the money. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
(f) A, a carrier, is entrusted by Z with property to be carried by land or by water. A dishonestly misappropriates the property. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
(2) Whoever commits criminal breach of trust shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.
(3) Whoever, being entrusted with property as a carrier, wharfinger or warehousekeeper, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of such property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
(4) Whoever, being a clerk or servant or employed as a clerk or servant, and being in any manner entrusted in such capacity with property, or with any dominion over property, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
(5) Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over property in his capacity of a public servant or in the way of his business as a banker, merchant, factor, broker, attorney or agent commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."}