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Write python code to connect to a FTP server.

{"text":"Here is an example code to connect to a FTP server using Python's built-in ftplib module:\n```py\nimport ftplib\n\n# FTP server credentials\nFTP_HOST = 'ftp.example.com'\nFTP_USER = 'username'\nFTP_PASS = 'password'\n\n# Connect to FTP server\nftp = ftplib.FTP(FTP_HOST, FTP_USER, FTP_PASS)\n\n# Get welcome message from FTP server\nprint(ftp.getwelcome())\n\n# List contents of current directory\nftp.dir()\n\n# Close connection\nftp.quit()\n```\n\nYou will need to replace FTP_HOST, FTP_USER, and FTP_PASS with the appropriate values for your FTP server. You can then use the ftp object to perform various FTP operations such as uploading and downloading files or navigating directories.","dsl":{}}

Just a few questions:
- What FTP commands (e.g. CWD, CDUP, RETR, etc.) can you use with the ftplib module?
- How can you upload a file to the FTP server?
- How can you download a file from the FTP server?
- How can you get a list of files in a specific FTP directory?
- How can you change to a different FTP directory?
- How can you disconnect from the FTP server?
- How can you handle FTP errors or exceptions?
- How can you upload/download files in binary mode vs ASCII mode?
- What are the differences between FTP and SFTP?

{"text":"Sure, here are the answers to your questions:\n\n- The ftplib module supports all the standard FTP commands such as CWD, CDUP, RETR, STOR, DELE, MKD, RMD, LIST, NLST, SIZE, and more. You can use these commands by calling the appropriate methods on the FTP object.\n\n- To upload a file to the FTP server using ftplib, you can use the STOR command. Here's an example:\n\n```py\nwith open('local_file.txt', 'rb') as f:\n    ftp.storbinary('STOR remote_file.txt', f)\n```\n\nThis code will upload the local file 'local_file.txt' to the FTP server with the name 'remote_file.txt'.\n\n- To download a file from the FTP server using ftplib, you can use the RETR command. Here's an example:\n\n```py\nwith open('local_file.txt', 'wb') as f:\n    ftp.retrbinary('RETR remote_file.txt', f.write)\n```\n\nThis code will download the remote file 'remote_file.txt' from the FTP server and save it locally as 'local_file.txt'.\n\n- To get a list of files in a specific directory on the FTP server using ftplib, you can use the LIST or NLST command. Here's an example:\n\n```py\nfiles = []\nftp.dir('/path/to/directory', files.append)\nprint(files)\n```\n\nThis code will list all files in '/path/to/directory' on the FTP server and store their names in the 'files' list.\n\n- To change to a different directory on the FTP server using ftplib, you can use the CWD command. Here's an example:\n\n```py\nftp.cwd('/path/to/new/directory')\n```\n\nThis code will change to '/path/to/new/directory' on the FTP server.\n\n- To disconnect from the FTP server using ftplib, you can use either quit() or close() method. Here's an example:\n\n```py\nftp.quit()\n```\n\nor\n\n```py\nftp.close()\n```\n\nBoth of these methods will close the connection to the FTP server.\n\n- To handle errors or exceptions that may occur when working with ftplib, you can use try-except blocks. For example:\n\n```py\ntry:\n    ftp.cwd('/nonexistent/directory')\nexcept ftplib.error_perm as e:\n    print(f\"FTP error: {e}\")\n```\n\nThis code attempts to change to a non-existent directory on the FTP server and catches any errors that may occur.\n\n- To upload/download files in binary mode vs ASCII mode using ftplib, you can specify either 'b' or 'a' mode when opening files. For example:\n\n```py\n# Upload file in binary mode\nwith open('local_file.bin', 'rb') as f:\n    ftp.storbinary('STOR remote_file.bin', f)\n\n# Download file in ASCII mode\nwith open('local_file.txt', 'w') as f:\n    ftp.retrlines('RETR remote_file.txt', lambda line: f.write(line + '\\n'))\n```\n\nThe first block of code uploads a binary file in binary mode (specified by 'rb'), while the second block downloads a text file in ASCII mode (specified by 'w').\n\n- The main differences between FTP and SFTP are that SFTP is more secure because it uses SSH encryption for all data transfers and authentication. SFTP also has more advanced features such as resume support and directory listings that are not available in standard FTP.","dsl":{}}