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Hey, Assistant, I am currently working on a nursing school assignment and would really appreciate your help in comparing and contrasting type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Could you first define them at a 5th grade reading level and tell me the key differences between them?

{"text":"Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition that affects how the body processes sugar (also known as glucose) in the blood. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.\n\nType 1 diabetes, also called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a condition in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels in the body. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to manage their blood sugar levels.\n\nType 2 diabetes, also called adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes, is a condition in which the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, or doesn't produce enough insulin to properly regulate blood sugar levels. This type of diabetes is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, inactivity, and poor diet.\n\nHere are some key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes:\n\nType 1 diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence, while type 2 diabetes typically develops in adulthood.\nType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that requires insulin treatment, while type 2 diabetes can often be managed with lifestyle changes and oral medications, but may also require insulin.\nPeople with type 1 diabetes typically have to monitor their blood sugar levels more frequently and carefully than those with type 2 diabetes.\nType 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity, while type 1 diabetes is not.\nType 1 diabetes is less common than type 2 diabetes, accounting for only about 5% of all diabetes cases.","dsl":{}}

How does sugar get in the blood?

{"text":"Generally, carbohydrates in food are broken down by the digestive system into sugar, which then enters the blood. At relatively low concentrations, the glucose is transported through the mucosal lining into the epithelial cells of the intestine by active transport via SGLT1, a co-transporter of sodium and glucose. First, the Na+/K+ ATPase transports 3 sodium ions out into the blood, while bringing in 2 potassium ions using energy from ATP, creating a downhill sodium ion gradient from the outside to the inside. The SGLT1 then uses the energy from the gradient to transport glucose inside. The glucose is then transported into the blood by facilitated diffusion via the transporter GLUT2. At high concentrations, the active transport of glucose is saturated, and other mechanisms might be involved in the absorption of glucose. However, it still needs further research. \nGalactose is transported in the same way as glucose via the same transporters, while fructose is transported entirely by facilitated diffusion. The absorption of fructose is much slower than glucose and is quantitatively limited.","dsl":{}}