Veerarajank/test huggingface dataset:
[{"columns":["Year","Match_ID","Host_City"],"name":"hosting city","type":"grid"}]

Can you write a short introduction about the relevance of the term "monopsony" in economics? Please use examples related to potential monopsonies in the labour market and cite relevant research.

{"text":"Monopsony is a market structure in which there is a single buyer in a market. In the context of labor markets, a monopsony occurs when there is only one employer in a particular industry or geographic area, giving that employer significant power over the wages and working conditions of workers. This results in a situation where the employer has the ability to suppress wages and reduce the bargaining power of workers.\n\nResearch has shown that the existence of monopsony power in labor markets can have negative effects on workers, such as lower wages, reduced benefits, and limited job opportunities. For example, a study by Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013) found evidence of monopsony power in certain U.S. labor markets, resulting in lower wages and reduced job opportunities for workers. Similarly, another study by Bharadwaj, Black, and Kolesnikova (2019) found that the presence of a single dominant employer in a local labor market was associated with lower wages for workers.","dsl":{}}

How can one fight back when a monospony had been created?
[{"columns":["Exhibition_ID","Year","Theme","Artist_ID","Ticket_Price"],"name":"exhibition","type":"grid"}]

How can I get an EIN for my new business?

{"text":"An EIN is a Employer Identification Number used for business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification to the IRS.\nYou can apply for an EIN Online, by Fax or though the mail.\n\n### Apply Online\n\u2022 This is a FREE SERVICE offered by the IRS. Once you complete the online application, you\nwill receive your EIN immediately. The application is available: Monday \u2013 Friday, 7:00 a.m. to\n10:00 p.m. Eastern Time.\n\u2022 NOTE: To apply online, you must have a legal residence in the United States AND a either a\nvalid Social Security Number, Taxpayer Identification Number, or existing EIN\n\u2022 To apply online either:\n1) Go to www.irs.gov and type the keyword \u201cEIN\u201d in the Search Bar in the upper righthand corner to get started OR\n2) Follow the direct link below: https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-selfemployed/apply-for-an-employer-identification-number-ein-online\n\n### Apply by Fax\n\u2022 Fax a completed Form SS-4 to the \u201cInternal Revenue Service Center\u201d at:\n    o Within US- 859-669-5760\n    o Outside US- 859-669-5987\n\u2022 You can receive your EIN by fax within four (4) business days. The fax numbers are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Be sure to provide a return fax number so that an EIN may be faxed back to you.\n\n### Apply by Mail\n\u2022 Mail a completed Form SS-4 to the \u201cInternal Revenue Service Center\u201d at:\n    o Within US- Attn: EIN Operation Cincinnati, OH 45999\n    o Outside US- Attn: EIN International Operation Cincinnati, OH 45999\n\u2022 You can receive your EIN by mail in about four (4) to six (6) weeks.\n\n### If You Need More Help with Faxed and Mailed Requests?\n\u2022 To download Form SS-4 and instructions:\n    o Visit www.irs.gov and type the keyword \u201cSS-4\u201d in the Search Bar in the upper right-hand corner.\n\u2022 To be mailed the Form SS-4 and instructions:\n    o Call 1-800-TAX-FORM.\n\u2022 To pick up Form SS-4 and instructions:\n    o Visit your local IRS office.\n\u2022 If you have not received your EIN within the normal processing timeframe, please call the IRS\nBusiness and Specialty Tax Line at 1-800-829-4933 for assistance.\n\u2022 If you have not yet received an EIN by the time you need to file a return, write: \u201cApplied For\u201d\nIn the space provided for the EIN.\n  To learn more about an EIN from the IRS go to: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p1635.pdf\n\nIt is important to know that government processes may change from time to time and it is important keep up to date on following the rules for your new business, that why it is important to go to https://www.irs.gov/ for the most up to date information. You may want to consider getting a CPA, or lawyer to assist you with following these processes and procedures to avoid getting in to legal trouble.","dsl":{}}

Thanks for helping me out

{"text":"No problem >_<","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["Train_ID","Name","Time","Service"],"name":"train","type":"grid"}]

Show the name and service for all trains in order by time.

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeSorting","column":"TIME","direction":"ask"}]}}
[{"columns":["Shop_ID","Address","Num_of_staff","Score","Open_Year"],"name":"shop","type":"grid"}]

What was the most bought car in the US in 2022?

{"text":"According to data from IHS Markit, the Ford F-Series was the best-selling vehicle in the United States in 2022. This pickup truck has been the top-selling vehicle in the US for over 40 years, and its popularity continues to be driven by its versatility, durability, and strong performance. \n\nOther popular vehicles in the US in 2022 included the Chevrolet Silverado, the Ram 1500, and the Toyota RAV4. However, the Ford F-Series remained the top-selling vehicle in the country, with strong sales in both the consumer and commercial markets.","dsl":{}}

Thank you, could you submit me with this data in a shortened version?

{"text":"The most bought car in the US in 2022 was the Ford F-Series, being the top-selling vehicle in the US for over 40 years.","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["Event_ID","Date","Venue","Name","Event_Attendance"],"name":"event","type":"grid"}]

Show the dates, places, and names of events in descending order of the attendance.

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeSorting","column":"Event_Attendance","direction":"desk"}]}}

List the event venues and names that have the top 2 most number of people attended.

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeTopFilter","column":"Event_Attendance","limit":2,"aggregation":"avg","direction":"desk"}]}}
[{"columns":["Name","Team","Qual 1","Qual 2","Best"],"name":"2-12126919-1","type":"grid"}]

What is the qual 1 for conquest racing?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Team`","operation":"=","value":"conquest racing"}]}}

Graham rahal for n/h/l racing has a qual 2 greater than 59.384 and how much lowest best?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeAggregations","column":"`Best`","aggregation":"min"},{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Team`","operation":"=","value":"n/h/l racing"},{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Name`","operation":"=","value":"graham rahal"},{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Qual 2`","operation":">","value":59.384}]}}

What is the total best for Bruno junqueira

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeAggregations","column":"`Best`","aggregation":"sum"},{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Name`","operation":"=","value":"bruno junqueira"}]}}
[{"columns":["Company_ID","Name","Headquarters","Industry","Sales_in_Billion","Profits_in_Billion","Assets_in_Billion","Market_Value_in_Billion"],"name":"company","type":"grid"}]

Convert temperatures to C in the following recipe, please.

Place the patties on the hot grill or griddle and cook for about 3-4 minutes per side for medium-rare, or longer if you prefer your burgers more well-done. If using a grill, use the spatula or tongs to gently press down on the patties to help them cook evenly. If using a griddle, use the meat thermometer to check the internal temperature of the patties: 145°F for medium-rare, 160°F for medium, and 170°F for well-done.

{"text":"Place the patties on the hot grill or griddle and cook for about 3-4 minutes per side for medium-rare, or longer if you prefer your burgers more well-done. If using a grill, use the spatula or tongs to gently press down on the patties to help them cook evenly. If using a griddle, use the meat thermometer to check the internal temperature of the patties: 63°C for medium-rare, 71°C for medium, and 77°C for well-done.","dsl":{}}

Seems correct, thanks!

{"text":"You're welcome! If you have any other questions, feel free to ask!","dsl":{}}

could you please translate the above measurements of temperature into kelvin?
[{"columns":["rid","dst_apid","dst_ap","src_apid","src_ap","alid","airline","codeshare"],"name":"routes","type":"grid"}]

Which airport situate in the elevation 5282?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"elevation","operation":"=","value":5282}]}}

What are the similarities between Couloumb's Law and the Law of Universal Gravitation? What is the equivalent of vacuum permittivity for gravitation?

{"text":"The similarities between Coulomb's Law and the Law of Universal Gravitation are that both follow an inverse square law, where the force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Additionally, both laws state that the force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of the two objects' masses or charges. The equivalent of vacuum permittivity for gravitation is the gravitational constant, G.","dsl":{}}

What is the gravitational constant?

{"text":"The gravitational constant, G, is a physical constant that appears in Newton's law of universal gravitation and is equal to 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2.","dsl":{}}

How was the gravitational constant derived?
[{"columns":["image_id","image_alt_text","image_name","image_url"],"name":"images","type":"grid"}]

Hey, Assistant, I am currently working on a nursing school assignment and would really appreciate your help in comparing and contrasting type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Could you first define them at a 5th grade reading level and tell me the key differences between them?

{"text":"Sure! Type 1 diabetes is when your body doesn't make insulin anymore.  Insulin is important for turning sugar into energy. People with Type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day so they can live.\n\nType 2 diabetes is when the body does not use insulin well or makes less of it over time. This happens most often in adults who are overweight, but can also happen in children if they don\u2019t exercise much and eat too many sugary foods.  Many people with Type 2 diabetes can control their blood glucose (blood sugar) by eating healthy, being active, losing weight, and taking medicine.  Sometimes doctors might even recommend that someone with Type 2 diabetes needs to start using insulin injections like patients with Type 1 diabetes have to do.\n\nNow, let's look at the key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes:\n1. Cause: Type 1 diabetes is usually caused by an autoimmune response, which means the body attacks its own insulin-producing cells. In Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn't use insulin properly, often because the cells become resistant to insulin.\n2. Age of onset: Type 1 diabetes often starts in childhood or adolescence, while Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adults. However, Type 2 diabetes can also occur in younger people, especially if they are overweight or have a family history of diabetes.\n3. Treatment: People with Type 1 diabetes need to take insulin every day, either through injections or an insulin pump. Type 2 diabetes is often managed with lifestyle changes, like a healthy diet and exercise, and may require oral medications or insulin injections if lifestyle changes are not sufficient.\n4. Prevalence: Type 2 diabetes is much more common than Type 1 diabetes. About 90-95% of people with diabetes have Type 2, while only 5-10% have Type 1.\n6. Risk factors: Type 1 diabetes is often genetic, and there is no known way to prevent it. Type 2 diabetes has several risk factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, family history, and age.\n\nI hope this helps you with your nursing school assignment! Let me know if you need any more information.","dsl":{}}

How can we reduce the risk of being affected by type 2 diabetes?

{"text":"Que es la hipertensión","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["Code","Name","Continent","Region","SurfaceArea","IndepYear","Population","LifeExpectancy","GNP","GNPOld","LocalName","GovernmentForm","HeadOfState","Capital","Code2"],"name":"country","type":"grid"}]

What is explanatory gap? How does it relate to qualia ?

{"text":"The explanatory gap is a philosophical concept that refers to the difficulty in explaining the subjective, qualitative experience of consciousness, also known as qualia. The term was first used by philosopher Joseph Levine in his 1983 paper, \"Materialism and Qualia\".\n\nThe explanatory gap arises because there seems to be a mismatch between our scientific understanding of the brain and our subjective experiences. On the one hand, we have a scientific understanding of how the brain processes information and generates behavior. On the other hand, we have our subjective experiences, such as the feeling of pain or the taste of a chocolate, which cannot be fully explained or predicted by our current scientific understanding.\n\nThe gap between these two perspectives is what is referred to as the explanatory gap. The difficulty in explaining qualia or subjective experience through objective, scientific means has been a major source of debate in the field of philosophy of mind and consciousness. Some philosophers argue that the gap is evidence of the existence of non-physical properties, such as the soul or consciousness, while others argue that our current understanding of the brain is limited, and that the gap will eventually be closed through scientific progress.\n\nIn conclusion, the explanatory gap is the difficulty in explaining the subjective experience of consciousness through scientific means and it relates to qualia because it refers specifically to the subjective, qualitative aspects of conscious experience that are difficult to explain or predict.","dsl":{}}

How does the Mary's room argument relate to qualia?

{"text":"Mary is a scientist who exists in a world that she only perceives in black and white.  Mary has plenty of linguistic descriptions of the other colors, but no personal subjective experience, of 'qualia' of them.","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["Country","Contestant","Age","Height (cm)","Height (ft)","Hometown"],"name":"1-18626383-2","type":"grid"}]

When santiago del estero is the hometown who is the contestant?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Hometown`","operation":"=","value":"Santiago del Estero"}]}}

When belarus is the country what is the hometown?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Country`","operation":"=","value":"Belarus"}]}}

When bahamas is the country what is the height in centimeters?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Country`","operation":"=","value":"Bahamas"}]}}

When finland is the country how many hometowns are there?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeAggregations","column":"`Hometown`","aggregation":"count"},{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Country`","operation":"=","value":"Finland"}]}}

When johannesburg is the hometown who is the contestant?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Hometown`","operation":"=","value":"Johannesburg"}]}}

When valora roucek is the contestant how many heights in centimeters are there?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeAggregations","column":"`Height (cm)`","aggregation":"count"},{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"`Contestant`","operation":"=","value":"Valora Roucek"}]}}
[{"columns":["Election_ID","Counties_Represented","District","Delegate","Party","First_Elected","Committee"],"name":"election","type":"grid"}]

What is a meme? I have never read Richard Dawkins ‚The Selfish Gene‘ and i have never seen a screen or heard of the internet.

{"text":"The idea of a \"meme\" was first introduced by Richard Dawkins in his 1976 book \"The Selfish Gene.\" In the book, Dawkins used the term to describe an idea, behavior, or style that is transmitted from one individual to another within a culture. He drew a parallel between the way that biological genes are passed on from one generation to another and the way that cultural ideas and behaviors are passed on within a society.\n\nDawkins' concept of the meme was later popularized and expanded upon by internet culture, where the term has taken on a new meaning to describe the rapid spread of images, videos, and other forms of content that are shared and altered by users. Today, the term \"meme\" is most often used in this internet context, where it has become an important part of online communication and culture.","dsl":{}}

You could've just catch me lying that I never saw a screen or used the internet (hence, writing that sentence required me to interact with a screen and use the internet) - and not write the answer. Be witty assistant; be witty...

{"text":"My goal is not to catch my users in lies, but to answer the prompt as written, sometimes my users need the answer in a specific context and I provide answers based on the prompt.","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["product_id","color_code","product_category_code","product_name","typical_buying_price","typical_selling_price","product_description","other_product_details"],"name":"products","type":"grid"}]

Show the name of the product with product id 1?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"product_id","operation":"=","value":"1"}]}}

show the number of products with category Spices?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"product_category_code","operation":"=","value":"Spices"}]}}

Show the number of products with category Spices and typically sold above 1000?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"product_category_code","operation":"=","value":"'Spices'"},{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"typical_buying_price","operation":">","value":1000}]}}

Thanks!

{"text":"You are welcome.","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["customer_id","store_id","first_name","last_name","email","address_id","active","create_date","last_update"],"name":"customer","type":"grid"}]

How many customers have an active value of 1?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"active","operation":"=","value":"1"}]}}

Count the number of customers who are active.

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"active","operation":"=","value":"1"}]}}
[{"columns":["School_id","School_name","Location","Mascot","Enrollment","IHSAA_Class","IHSAA_Football_Class","County"],"name":"school","type":"grid"}]

E(XY) = E(X) E(Y) if X and Y are independet. What about E(X+Y) ?

{"text":"If X and Y are independent, then E(X+Y) = E(X) + E(Y), where E(X) and E(Y) are the expected values of X and Y, respectively. This is because the expected value of the sum of two independent random variables is the sum of their expected values.","dsl":{}}

What about E(x^y)? Is it true that E(x^y)=E(x)^(E(y))?

{"text":"No, it is not generally true that E(X^Y) = E(X)^E(Y).\n\nThis is because the expectation operator is nonlinear and does not generally satisfy the property of taking exponents.\n\nIn particular, the property E(aX) = aE(X) only holds for a constant a, and does not hold for a random variable Y.\n\nTo see this, consider the following counterexample: Let X be a standard normal random variable and let Y = X^2. Then we have:\n\nE(X) = 0, and E(Y) = E(X^2) = Var(X) + E(X)^2 = 1\n\nHowever, E(X^Y) is not equal to E(X)^E(Y). In fact, it is not even clear how to compute E(X^Y) in closed form, since the distribution of X^Y is generally complicated and does not have a simple formula.\n\nSo in general, we cannot simplify the expectation of a function of two random variables in this way, and we need to compute it directly from the joint distribution of X and Y.","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["Museum_ID","Name","Num_of_Staff","Open_Year"],"name":"museum","type":"grid"}]

Explain the significance of the American Revolution, including the events that led up to it, the impact it had on the world, and its ongoing relevance today.

{"text":"The American Revolution was a significant event in world history as it marked the first successful colonial war of independence against a European power. The events leading up to the revolution were a combination of political, economic, and philosophical factors. The British government's attempts to exert greater control over the colonies and the imposition of taxes without representation in the colonial legislatures were among the key factors that led to the revolution.\n\nThe American Revolution had a profound impact on the world and changed the course of history. It led to the creation of the United States of America and established the principle that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed. This concept was a cornerstone of modern democracy and has been influential in shaping political systems around the world.\n\nThe American Revolution also had a profound impact on the ideas of liberty and freedom, inspiring other revolutionary movements and helping to spread the ideals of democracy and human rights. The American Revolution is still relevant today as its principles continue to inspire people around the world who are fighting for their own freedom and democracy. Additionally, the ideas and political institutions established during the American Revolution continue to shape American society and the broader world today.","dsl":{}}

Which had the most impact between American and French Revolution?

{"text":"The American Revolution had the most impact, it marked the first time in modern history that a colony successfully gained independence from a European power. It helped to establish the concept of representative government and democratic principles that have since been adopted by many other countries around the world. The American Revolution also helped to spread the ideas of the Enlightenment and shaped the future of the United States as a nation.","dsl":{}}
[{"columns":["Competition_ID","Year","Theme","Host_city_ID","Hosts"],"name":"farm_competition","type":"grid"}]

What are the hosts of competitions whose theme is not "Aliens"?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"Theme","operation":"!=","value":"Aliens"}]}}

Return the hosts of competitions for which the theme is not Aliens?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeCondition","column":"Theme","operation":"!=","value":"Aliens"}]}}

What are the themes of farm competitions sorted by year in ascending order?

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeSorting","column":"YEAR","direction":"ask"}]}}

Return the themes of farm competitions, sorted by year ascending.

{"dsl":{"actions":[{"actionType":"ChangeSorting","column":"YEAR","direction":"ask"}]}}