Instruction: Write an article about: Most important stories of 2023: Gaza, Ukraine, China, BRICS, dedollarization, bank crises, inflation. Use the themes and topics represented by the tags provided as guidance for the content. It's not necessary to include the exact tag words in the article, but the article should reflect the essence and context of these tags.

Input: Argentina, Brazil, BRICS, China, crypto, de-dollarization, debt, dollar, Donald Trump, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fed, Federal Reserve, Gaza, Gina Raimondo, Imran Khan, India, interest, Iran, Israel, Janet Yellen, Javier Milei, Jerome Powell, Joe Biden, Lula da Silva, Narendra Modi, Pakistan, Pedro Castillo, Peru, Russia, Sam Bankman-Fried, Saudi Arabia, SBF, UAE, United Arab Emirates

Output:
These were the most important geopolitical and economic issues of 2023, including the wars in Gaza and Ukraine, US-China tensions, BRICS expansion, growing de-dollarization, inflation crisis, crypto fraud, bank crashes, European de-industrialization, and more.

These were the most important geopolitical and economic issues of 2023, including Israel’s brutal war on Gaza and NATO’s failure to defeat Russia in Ukraine, expansion of BRICS and growth of the de-dollarization movement, inflation crisis and rising interest rates, crypto fraud scandals and several bank collapses, stagnation and de-industrialization in Europe amid an escalating US tech war on China, and much more.
Journalist Ben Norton reviews the chaotic year.

Washington Post: “More than 20,000 dead in Gaza, a historic human toll”
Geopolitical Economy Report: “Gaza is one of the most heavily bombed areas in history: Israel has turned Gaza into one of the most heavily bombed areas in history, according to a report in the Financial Times. Top UN experts warn that the Palestinian people are at risk of genocide”
United Nations: “Two Thirds of Gaza War Dead Are Women and Children, Briefers Say, as Security Council Debates Their Plight”
Save the Children: “Gaza: 3,195 children killed in three weeks surpasses annual number of children killed in conflict zones since 2019”
Reuters: “Gaza war ‘most dangerous ever’ for journalists, says rights group”
Wall Street Journal: “More U.N. Workers Killed in Israel-Gaza War Than in Any Single Conflict”
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: “Gaza: UN experts call on international community to prevent genocide against the Palestinian people”
Haaretz: “‘We’re Rolling Out Nakba 2023,’ Israeli Minister Says on Northern Gaza Strip Evacuation”
South Africa’s Department of International Relations & Cooperation: “South Africa approaches the International Court of Justice under the Genocide Convention with respect to acts committed by Israel in the context of its attacks on Gaza”
READ | The Republic of South Africa institutes proceedings against the State of Israel and requests the Court to indicate provisional measures. pic.twitter.com/du9DaHUF0H
— DIRCO South Africa (@DIRCO_ZA) December 29, 2023

Geopolitical Economy Report: “US blocks Gaza peace proposal at UN for 3rd time, holding world hostage: The US government has paralyzed the United Nations, voting against the rest of the world and preventing peace in Gaza by vetoing three different resolutions in the Security Council. Meanwhile, Washington continues giving weapons to Israel”
Wall Street Journal: “U.S. Sends Israel 2,000-Pound Bunker Buster Bombs for Gaza War”
Washington Post (2022): “U.S. wants Russian military ‘weakened’ from Ukraine invasion, [Defense Secretary Lloyd] Austin says”
New York Times (2022): “Commando Network Coordinates Flow of Weapons in Ukraine, Officials Say: A secretive operation involving U.S. Special Operations forces hints at the scale of the effort to assist Ukraine’s still outgunned military”
The Economist (2023): “Putin seems to be winning the war in Ukraine—for now”
The Telegraph (2023): “Ukraine is losing, but the UK must stand by it”
AFP / France 24 (2023): “‘We’re losing’: Ukrainians reel from war chief’s stalemate warning“: “The frontline between the Ukrainian army and Russian forces occupying the east and south of the country has barely moved since last November [2022]”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Ukraine war is frozen, no territorial changes expected, says Council on Foreign Relations chief, while dismissing peace talks: The president of the US government-linked Council on Foreign Relations, Richard Haass, said the proxy war in Ukraine is frozen and he expects no territorial changes in the next year of fighting. At the same time, he dismissed the possibility of peace negotations”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “West sabotaged Ukraine peace deal with Russia, admit Zelensky official and Germany’s ex leader: Russia wanted to sign a peace deal with Ukraine in March 2022, but NATO countries sabotaged it, according to Germany’s former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and the parliamentary faction leader of Zelensky’s political party, Davyd Arakhamia”
To the last Ukrainian: People with "amputated limbs, practical blindness, absence of one lung or eye and bilateral deafness" can be conscripted into military based on draft of new law on mobilization.
"The large draft law on mobilization exempts from military service on the… pic.twitter.com/c1yS7P1Wui
— Ivan Katchanovski (@I_Katchanovski) December 25, 2023

Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “US/France threaten intervention in resource-rich Niger: Fears of war in West Africa: The US and France have threatened intervention to re-install a pro-Western regime in Niger, which produces uranium needed for nuclear energy, has untapped oil reserves, and hosts strategic US drone bases and French troops. This follows coups led by nationalist, anti-colonial military officers in West Africa”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Burkina Faso’s new president condemns imperialism, quotes Che Guevara, allies with Nicaragua, Venezuela, Cuba: Burkina Faso’s new President Ibrahim Traoré has vowed to fight imperialism and neocolonialism. Pledging a ‘refoundation of the nation’, invoking revolutionary leader Thomas Sankara, and quoting Che Guevara, his government has allied with Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Cuba”
The Economist (2023): “After Niger’s coup, the drums of war are growing louder“: “Canvassing by Premise Data, a polling firm, for The Economist in the first survey conducted since the coup found that 78% of respondents support the actions of the junta and that 73% think it should stay in power ‘for an extended period’ or ‘until new elections are held'”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Richest 1% took 2/3rds of global wealth since 2020 – twice as much as 99% of population earned: In 2020 and 2021, the wealthiest 1% of the world’s population took nearly two-thirds of all new wealth – six times greater than the wealth made by the poorest 90% of workers. And while billionaires get richer, global poverty is increasing, Oxfam warns”
Oxfam (2023): “Survival of the Richest” report
When you exclude China's remarkable growth, the economic gap between "emerging and developing" countries in the Global South and rich imperialist countries in the North has not changed in over a decade.
Global inequality is not getting better over timehttps://t.co/Jd70GJOB3F pic.twitter.com/9kIYCSGP5T
— Ben Norton (@BenjaminNorton) June 14, 2023

Geopolitical Economy Report: “BRICS expanding into economic powerhouse: Petrodollar under threat: In its South Africa summit, BRICS invited six new members: Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The bloc now represents 37% of global GDP (PPP), 40% of global oil production, and roughly 1/3rd of global gas production, challenging the US petrodollar system
UPI: “Argentina’s Milei says his nation won’t join with China, Russia in economic alliance”
Geopolitical Economy Report: “BRICS New Development Bank de-dollarizing, adding Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Zimbabwe as members: The BRICS bloc’s New Development Bank, an alternative to the US-dominated World Bank, is de-dollarizing its loans, promoting local currencies, and adding new members: Argentina, Saudi Arabia, and Zimbabwe”
Geopolitical Economy Report: “‘World becoming more multipolar’, Western hegemony declining, admits European Central Bank: European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde acknowledged “the tectonic plates of geopolitics are shifting faster” and “we may see the world becoming more multipolar”, with the decline of US dollar hegemony, war in Ukraine, and rise of China”
CNBC: “Calls to move away from the U.S. dollar are growing — but the greenback is still king”
Foreign Policy: “A BRICS Currency Could Shake the Dollar’s Dominance: De-dollarization’s moment might finally be here”
Geopolitical Economy Report: “Countries worldwide are dropping the US dollar: De-dollarization in China, Russia, Brazil, ASEAN: The global de-dollarization campaign is gaining momentum, as countries around the world seek alternatives to the hegemony of the US dollar. China, Russia, Brazil, India, ASEAN nations, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE are now using local currencies in trade”
Bloomberg: “Dollar’s Share in Central-Bank Reserves Declines, IMF Data Shows”
Geopolitical Economy Report: “‘Dollar suffered stunning collapse in 2022’: Share of global reserves fell to 47%, decreasing at 10 times rate: ‘The dollar suffered a stunning collapse in 2022 in its market share as a reserve currency’, largely due to US sanctions, falling from 73% of reserves in 2001 to 47% in 2022, according to economist Stephen Jen. Countries in the Global South are seeking economic alternatives in a multipolar world”
Geopolitical Economy Report: “US Congress plots to save dollar dominance amid global de-dollarization rebellion: The US Congress held a hearing titled ‘Dollar Dominance: Preserving the U.S. Dollar’s Status as the Global Reserve Currency’, as countries around the world join the de-dollarization rebellion against Washington’s ‘exorbitant privilege'”
Geopolitical Economy Report: “Sanctions ‘undermine hegemony of dollar’, US Treasury admits: US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen admitted to CNN that Washington’s unilateral sanctions on countries around the world ‘could undermine the hegemony of the dollar'”
Washington Post: “U.S. intensifies push to use Moscow’s $300 billion war chest for Kyiv: Considerable amounts of Kremlin funds are frozen in Western nations, and the Biden administration is increasingly interested in using them to benefit Ukraine”
New York Times: “U.S. and Europe Eye Russian Assets to Aid Ukraine as Funding Dries Up: Despite legal reservations, policymakers are weighing the consequences of using $300 billion in Russian assets to help Kyiv’s war effort”
Wall Street Journal: “Central Banks Look to Increase Gold Reserves as Geopolitical Worries Mount: Up to 24% of central banks were looking to raise gold holdings in 2023, according to a new survey from the World Gold Council”
St. Louis Fed: Federal Funds Effective Rate data and chart
Geopolitical Economy Report (2022): “US Federal Reserve says its goal is ‘to get wages down’: US Federal Reserve chairman Jerome Powell said his goal is “to get wages down,” complaining workers have too much power in the labor market. Economist Michael Hudson says this is “junk economics,” and corporate monopolies are driving inflation, not wages”
The Guardian (2023): “Greedflation: corporate profiteering ‘significantly’ boosted global prices, study shows: Multinationals in particular hiked prices far above rise in costs to deliver an outsize impact on cost of living crisis, report concludes”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Corporate profits were biggest driver of inflation in Europe, IMF admits: Rising corporate profits have caused 45% of inflation in Europe, compared to 40% for rising import prices and just 15% for workers’ wages, according to research by IMF economists”
UN Global Crisis Response Group (2023): “A world of debt: A growing burden to global prosperity” report
Economists Anis Chowdhury and Jomo Kwame Sundaram Development and Change journal (2023): “Chronicles of Debt Crises Foretold”
The Economist (2023): “Africa faces a mounting debt crisis: Rising rates are hurting some of its brightest economic stars”
Reuters (2023): “Debt squeeze leaves sub-Saharan Africa’s governments in fiscal bind”
Reuters (2023): “Ethiopia becomes Africa’s latest sovereign default”
France 24 (2023): “G77+China summit in Cuba calls on Global South to ‘change the rules of the game‘: The G77+China, a group of developing and emerging countries representing 80 percent of the world’s population, kicked off a summit in Cuba Friday with a call to “change the rules of the game” of the global order”
DW (2023): “G77 summit in Cuba calls for new global order: The G77 is a bloc of countries from the Global South representing 80% of the world’s population. At the summit, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said the world is failing developing countries”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “4 US banks crash in 2 months: Banking crisis explained by economist Michael Hudson: Economist Michael Hudson discusses the collapse of four US banks in two months, giant JP Morgan Chase taking over First Republic Bank, and how government regulators are in bed with the bankers”.
American Banker (2023): “Dramatic collapses made 2023 the biggest year ever for bank failures”
New York Times (2023): “3 Failed Banks This Year Were Bigger Than 25 That Crumbled in 2008”
The Guardian (2008): “Greenspan – I was wrong about the economy. Sort of: Former Fed chief admits ‘mistake’ over regulation”. “I made a mistake in presuming that the self-interests of organisations, specifically banks and others, were such that they were best capable of protecting their own shareholders and their equity in the firms,” said Greenspan.
Reuters (2017): “Fed’s Yellen expects no new financial crisis in ‘our lifetimes’“: “Would I say there will never, ever be another financial crisis?” then Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen said. “You know probably that would be going too far but I do think we’re much safer and I hope that it will not be in our lifetimes and I don’t believe it will be”.
UBS (2023): “UBS completes Credit Suisse acquisition”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “US government bailout of Silicon Valley and banks is $300B gift to rich oligarchs: The US Federal Reserve printed $300 billion in a week to save collapsing banks and bail out Silicon Valley oligarchs. 93% of Silicon Valley Bank’s deposits were uninsured, over the FDIC limit of $250,000, but the government still paid them. 56% of SVB’s loans went to venture capitalist and private equity firms”.
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “US bank bailout benefited billionaires, exposing corruption: ‘I understand why Americans are angry’: Before it collapsed and its billionaire depositors were bailed out by the US government, Silicon Valley Bank successfully lobbied Congress to remove regulations on it. A senator admitted, ‘I understand why Americans are angry, even disgusted'”.
Reuters (2023): “Crypto scam: Inside the billion-dollar ‘pig-butchering’ industry”
The Block (2023): “Crypto users lost $1.8 billion in 2023 hacks and scams, Immunefi says”
NPR (2023): “FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried is found guilty of all charges including fraud”
MarketWatch (2023): “Here are the politicians who received money from FTX’s Sam Bankman-Fried”
The Guardian (2023): “Eurozone economy shrinks by 0.1%, putting it at brink of recession: Ireland posts biggest decline, while Germany contracts by 0.1% and France grows by 0.1%”
Political economists Charlotte Sophia Bez and Lorenzo Feltrin at LSE (2023): “Why Europe must address the problem of ‘noxious deindustrialisation’”
European Council on Foreign Relations (2023): “The art of vassalisation: How Russia’s war on Ukraine has transformed transatlantic relations“: “Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has revealed Europeans’ profound dependence on the US for their security, despite EU efforts at achieving ‘strategic autonomy’… Europe becoming an American vassal is unwise for both sides”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “US blew up Nord Stream pipelines connecting Russia to Germany, journalist Seymour Hersh reports: Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Seymour Hersh reported the US government destroyed the Nord Stream pipelines that delivered Russian gas to Germany. The Biden administration approved the CIA operation, which used explosives and Navy divers, with help from NATO member Norway”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Facebook censors journalist Seymour Hersh’s report on Nord Stream pipeline attack: Facebook censored a report by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Seymour Hersh on the sabotage of the Nord Stream pipelines between Russia and Germany, forcing users to instead read a website funded and partially owned by NATO member Norway”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “German lawmaker denounces Ukraine ‘proxy war’ and US ‘terrorist attack’ on Nord Stream pipelines: In this interview, German Member of Parliament Sevim Dağdelen, of the Left Party, Die Linke, condemned the NATO ‘proxy war’ in Ukraine, saying EU members are acting as US ‘vassal states’. She also denounced the destruction of the Nord Stream pipelines as a ‘terrorist attack'”
Reuters (2023): “IMF upgrades China’s 2023, 2024 GDP growth forecasts“: “China’s economy is set to grow 5.4% this year, having made a ‘strong’ post-COVID recovery, the International Monetary Fund said on [November 7], making an upward revision to its earlier forecast of 5% growth, while expecting slower growth next year”.
Bloomberg (2017): “Housing Should Be for Living In, Not for Speculation, Xi Says”
Caixin (2020): “Regulators’ Three Red Lines on Debt Spur Property Developers to Curb Leverage”
This is probably one of the most important charts right now about the Chinese economy. To offset the collapse in the real estate sector, Beijing has managed to surge credit to the manufacturing sector, which has helped prevent a total collapse of domestic credit growth and demand pic.twitter.com/YPa0LQYYjZ
— Shanghai Macro Strategist (@ShanghaiMacro) October 9, 2023

For example, Chinese production of solar cells and EVs have absolutely gone through the roof. pic.twitter.com/eZslX9HniV
— Shanghai Macro Strategist (@ShanghaiMacro) October 9, 2023

Reuters (2023): “China to lead global renewable growth with record installations – Woodmac”
Wall Street Journal (2023): “China’s Green Revolution Is Quietly Succeeding”
BBC (2023): “China overtakes Japan as world’s top car exporter”
People’s Republic of China’s State Council (2020): “New development plan for NEVs unveiled: The State Council on Nov 2 issued a circular aimed at boosting the high-quality development of new energy vehicles (NEV) from 2021 to 2035″
Bloomberg (2023): “Chinese Carmaker Overtakes Tesla as World’s Most Popular EV Maker: Elon Musk once scoffed at the notion that BYD could compete with his company. Now, the automaker run by billionaire Wang Chuanfu is poised to be the new No. 1 in electric vehicles”
In 2011, Elon Musk scoffed at the idea of BYD competing with Tesla in a Bloomberg TV interview.
Now, the Chinese carmaker is set to become the world's No. 1 EV maker https://t.co/Ilio0p6mYG pic.twitter.com/EX4mwqbdq7
— Bloomberg (@business) December 27, 2023

Los Angeles Times (2015): “Elon Musk’s growing empire is fueled by $4.9 billion in government subsidies”
Business Insider (2021): “Elon Musk is speaking out against government subsidies. Here’s a list of the billions of dollars his businesses have received”
NBC News: “Air Force general predicts war with China in 2025, tells officers to prep by firing ‘a clip’ at a target, and ‘aim for the head’”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2022): “US waging ‘unilateral’ economic and tech war to halt China’s rise, DC insiders say openly: The Biden administration’s aggressive sanctions aim to ‘kneecap’ China’s tech sector. A former Pentagon official acknowledged it is a ‘disproportionate’ and “unilateral” attack, a ‘form of economic containment'”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Chinese balloon was not spying, US gov’t admits months after manufactured crisis”
Reuters (2023): “Biden calls Xi a dictator after carefully planned summit”
Politico (2023): “Raimondo chides Congress on China tech threat“: US Commerce Secretary Gina “Raimondo defends export controls: Gina Raimondo over the weekend said China is ‘the biggest threat we’ve ever had’ and that the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security needs a bigger budget to help the United States outpace the country’s technological innovation. ‘We cannot let China get these chips. Period,’ she said at the Reagan Defense Forum, a symposium of government and industry officials in California”
CNBC (2021): “U.S. needs to work with Europe to slow China’s innovation rate, [Commerce Secretary Gina] Raimondo says“: “If we really want to slow down China’s rate of innovation, we need to work with Europe,” Raimondo said.
Financial Times (2023): “How Huawei surprised the US with a cutting-edge chip made in China: The inside story of how the country’s flagship tech company kept its edge in the semiconductor war despite sanctions”
Economic Times (2023): “From India to UK, here are the countries that have ban on TikTok”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “US woos India’s far-right PM Modi to help wage new cold war on China: The US government is trying to divide the BRICS bloc and recruit India for its new cold war on China. Biden doesn’t care that far-right Prime Minister Modi is closely linked to fascistic Hindu-supremacist groups that violently oppress minorities”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Europe pays more for banned Russian oil, resold by India – as EU wages fall: The EU sanctioned Russia and boycotted its oil, yet is still buying it indirectly from India, at a higher price. This is fueling both de-dollarization and inflation in the Eurozone, where workers’ real wages dropped 6.5% from 2020 to 2022″
Financial Times (2023): “The west’s Russia oil ban, one year on: How a shadow fleet undermined the price cap”
A “shadow fleet” of secretively run tankers has helped Russia avoid the oil price cap imposed by the G7.
Flows of Russian oil to Europe have almost run dry, going instead to India, China and Turkey. @FT graph. https://t.co/ySvukY0drj pic.twitter.com/wVudgQMZWV
— EU Energy News (@EUEnergyNews) December 11, 2023

The Intercept (2023): “Secret Pakistan Cable Documents U.S. Pressure to Remove Imran Khan: ‘All will be forgiven,’ said a U.S. diplomat, if the no-confidence vote against Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan succeeds”
The Guardian (2023): “Exiled Bolsonaro lives it up in Florida as legal woes grow back home: Ex-Brazilian president faces criminal inquiries, including an investigation into his alleged role in the Brasília uprising”
El País (2023): “Brazilian military caught in the crossfire after failed coup attempt against Lula’s government: The Armed Forces is facing a slump in popular credibility amid the requirement to punish those possibly responsible for backing an attempt to annul the result of the 2022 elections”
Financial Times (2023): “Brazil’s Lula calls for end to dollar trade dominance: Leftist president lends his voice to Beijing’s efforts to boost renminbi’s role in global commerce”
France 24 (2023): “Brazil’s Lula criticises US dollar and IMF during China visit: The two countries have recently announced a deal to trade in their own currencies, dropping the dollar as an intermediary. Lula also criticised the IMF, accusing it of ‘asphyxiating’ the economy of certain countries”
Associated Press (2023): “Brazil’s Lula proposes South America currency to rival US dollar: The president is hosting a regional summit as he seeks to to revive a bloc of 12 politically polarised countries. Lula also gave a warm welcome to Venezuela’s Maduro, and criticised sanctions imposed on the nation by the US and others”.
The Guardian (2023): “‘Prison or bullet’: new Argentina government promises harsh response to protest: President Javier Milei and his allies are preparing new security guidelines in anticipation of protests against currency devaluation”
The Guardian (2023): “Javier Milei’s radical economic policies for Argentina met with protests: New libertarian president accused of drawing up a ‘battle plan against working people’”
The Conversation (2023): “Release of Alberto Fujimori in Peru rekindles fears of backsliding on human rights”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Peru’s natural resources: CIA-linked US ambassador meets with mining and energy ministers to talk ‘investments’: Peru has large reserves of copper, gold, zinc, silver, lead, iron, and natural gas. After a coup overthrew left-wing President Pedro Castillo, the US ambassador, CIA veteran Lisa Kenna, met with mining and energy ministers to discuss ‘investments’. Europe is importing Peruvian LNG to replace Russian energy”.
Goldman Sachs (2022): “Green Metals: Copper is the New Oil”
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “Peru’s coup-plotting congress has 6% approval, 91% disapproval (but full US backing): A polling firm found that Peru’s coup-plotting, right-wing-controlled congress has 6% approval and 91% disapproval. Unelected leader Dina Boluarte has 15% approval and 78% disapproval. But they have the full support of the US, Canada, and foreign mining corporations”.
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “US President Bush praised dictator Fujimori as ‘Peru’s hope for the future’: US President George H. W. Bush welcomed far-right Peruvian dictator Alberto Fujimori to the White House in 1991, heroizing him as “Peru’s hope for the future” and praising his neoliberal economic policies”.
Geopolitical Economy Report (2023): “‘Mexico is not a US colony!’: AMLO condemns invasion threats, celebrates nationalization of oil, lithium: Mexico’s leftist President AMLO condemned ‘hypocritical’ Republicans who want the US military to invade, declaring ‘Mexico is an independent and free country, not a US colony or protectorate!’ In a massive rally, López Obrador also celebrated the expropriation of oil and lithium, condemning exploitative foreign corporations”.
Politico (2023): “GOP embraces a new foreign policy: Bomb Mexico to stop fentanyl: Republicans suggest everything from terrorist labels to an invasion to decimate drug cartels in Mexico”.
US Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York: “U.S. Senator Robert Menendez, His Wife, And Three New Jersey Businessmen Charged With Bribery Offenses”
Gallup (2023): “Biden Ends 2023 With 39% Job Approval”
New York Times (2023): “Trump Leads in 5 Critical States as Voters Blast Biden, Times/Siena Poll Finds“


Instruction: Write an article about: Latin America is on the frontlines of the US new cold war on China and Russia. Use the themes and topics represented by the tags provided as guidance for the content. It's not necessary to include the exact tag words in the article, but the article should reflect the essence and context of these tags.

Input: Avril Haines, Bolivia, China, Cold War Two, Cuba, Donald Trump, James Mattis, Joe Biden, Juan Gonzalez, Matt Gaetz, new cold war, Nicaragua, Russia, Taiwan, Ukraine, Venezuela

Output:
The United States has turned Latin America and the Caribbean into a key battlefield in its new cold war on China and Russia, invoking the 200-year-old colonialist Monroe Doctrine to justify aggressive interventionist policies.

You can listen to a podcast version of this article here.

The United States has turned Latin America and the Caribbean into a key battlefield in its new cold war on China and Russia.
Washington’s hybrid war on Beijing and Moscow took shape in 2018, when the Pentagon published a National Defense Strategy identifying the two Eurasian powers as the biggest “threats” to US national security.
Following the attacks on September 11, 2001, the US government had shaped its foreign policy around a so-called “war on terror.” But Defense Secretary James Mattis announced in January 2018 that the Pentagon had changed its priorities, and “great power competition, not terrorism, is now the primary focus of U.S. national security.”
The US director of national intelligence, Avril Haines, echoed this perspective in a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing this March. Summarizing the US intelligence community’s 2022 Annual Threat Assessment report, Haines said China and Russia constitute the top “threats” to Washington, and she emphasized that Beijing in particular “remains an unparalleled priority for the intelligence community.”
In this Cold War Two, Latin America has been caught in Washington’s crosshairs.
After Russia invaded Western ally Ukraine on February 24, the US military responded by threatening China and Venezuela.
On February 26, the US Navy sent a guided-missile destroyer warship through the narrow Taiwan Strait, in a move that the Chinese government condemned as an “adventurist” and “provocative action” seeking “to bolster the ‘Taiwan independence’ forces.”
Then on February 27 and 28, the US Navy held anti-submarine warfare exercises with the Colombian military, using a nuclear submarine for the first time ever. Making it clear that this was a threat aimed at Beijing’s leftist ally in Caracas, the exercises were held in the Caribbean Sea, near the border of Venezuela.
Colombia is the first and only special “partner” that the US-led NATO military alliance has in Latin America.

A post shared by U.S. Southern Command (@ussouthcom)

Washington’s economic warfare on Moscow has also targeted Latin America.
US President Joe Biden’s special assistant for Latin America, Juan S. González, revealed in an interview on February 25 that the devastating new sanctions imposed on Russia over its intervention in Ukraine also seek to hurt the economies of Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Cuba.
González, who serves as the US National Security Council’s senior director for the Western Hemisphere, stated clearly, “The sanctions against Russia are so robust that they will have an impact on those governments that have economic affiliations with Russia, and that is by design. So Venezuela is going to start feeling that pressure. Nicaragua is going to feel that pressure, along with Cuba.”
These three Latin American nations with socialist governments were demonized as the so-called “Troika of Tyranny” by John Bolton, the Iraq War architect and neoconservative national security advisor for former president Donald Trump.
The fact that Latin America is on the frontlines of Washington’s new cold war is also reflected in US officials’ increasing references to the Monroe Doctrine, an 1823 declaration that the United States considers the region to essentially be its colonial backyard.
Bolton invoked this two-century-old colonialist doctrine to justify Washington’s numerous coup attempts against Venezuela’s democratically elected socialist government.
Trump himself also cited the Monroe Doctrine in his speech at the United Nations General Assembly in 2018.
“It has been the formal policy of our country since President Monroe that we reject the interference of foreign nations in this hemisphere,” Trump stated on the world stage. The US president was referencing Latin America’s bilateral relations with China and Russia, which he portrayed as “threats.”
Trump’s secretary of state, Rex Tillerson, the former CEO of US oil giant ExxonMobil, likewise praised the Monroe Doctrine, while ironically claiming China is the one with “imperial” ambitions in the region.
When Argentina’s center-left President Alberto Fernández took a historic trip to China and Russia this February, to try to find ways around the $44.5 billion in odious debt that his country has been trapped in by the US-controlled International Monetary Fund (IMF), the hawks in Washington were furious.
Republican Congressman Matt Gaetz, a key Trump ally representing northern Florida, characterized Fernández’s trip as a sign of a “significant threat to our nation accelerating rapidly close to home,” fuming that “Argentina, a critical nation and economy in the Americas, has just lashed itself to the Chinese Communist Party, by signing on to the One Belt One Road Initiative.”
On the floor of the House of Representatives on February 7, Gaetz angrily described Argentina’s new partnership with China as “a direct challenge to the Monroe Doctrine.”
Republican Congressman Matt Gaetz, a key ally of Donald Trump, invoked the 200-year-old colonialist Monroe Doctrine on the floor of the Congress and called Argentina a "threat" to US "security" because of its alliance with China.
Read more here: https://t.co/aCiWQ7fGOc pic.twitter.com/xyVYkxfFT9
— Multipolarista (@Multipolarista) February 8, 2022

Yet this colonialist rhetoric is by no means limited to Republicans. The Democratic president has made similar comments.
At a press conference on January 19, Biden referred to Latin America as the US “front yard,” stating, “We used to talk about, when I was a kid in college, about ‘America’s backyard.’ It’s not America’s backyard. Everything south of the Mexican border is America’s front yard.”
For his part, Biden has continued most of Trump’s policies in Latin America, expanding illegal US sanctions on Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, while still recognizing unelected coup leader Juan Guaidó as supposed “president” (even as the Biden administration pressures Caracas to make up for sanctioned Russian oil).
Washington has strong-armed governments in Latin America and the Caribbean, pushing them to reduce or even cut off their ties with China and Russia.
While China has become the largest trading partner for many countries in the region, the United States has resorted to blackmail to desperately try to stop the expansion of Huawei 5G networks, even when nations don’t have suitable technological alternatives.
Right-wing opposition leaders in Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Bolivia have joined Washington in demonizing Beijing, while vilifying Moscow too, demanding that their governments cut ties with the Eurasian powers and instead strengthen relations with (or rather subordinate themselves to) the United States.
In its Second Cold War, the United States sees Latin America and the Caribbean as especially strategic because it is one of the few regions of the world where countries still recognize the independence of Taiwan.
Taiwan is part of the People’s Republic of China, and 93% of UN member states recognize this fact – including the United States, at least on paper, although not in practice.
Yet 13 countries (plus the Vatican) consider Taiwan to be an independent state. All 13 are small, making up just 0.2% of global gross domestic product, but eight of them are in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Belize, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines still have formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan.
These are all the friends Taiwan has left in the world https://t.co/DEnhigr0d0
— Bloomberg Next China (@next_china) December 10, 2021

US and Taiwanese authorities have used the carrot (favorable economic deals) and the stick (blackmail) to prevent these countries from normalizing relations with the People’s Republic of China.
The US government supports secessionists in Taiwan, and has sent military personnel there to train them to eventually fight a war with mainland China. The number of US troops in Taiwan has doubled under Biden.
Washington’s goal is to turn Taiwan into a neo-colonial outpost, hoping to build a large US military base there with nuclear weapons aimed at the mainland, as it had from the 1950s to the 1970s, at the height of the First Cold War.
Despite Washington’s intense pressure campaign, many parts of Latin America are deepening their integration with China and Russia – just as Beijing and Moscow are bolstering their own strategic partnership.
Cuba officially incorporated into China’s massive global infrastructure project, the Belt and Road Initiative, this December. Nicaragua then followed suit in January. Venezuela had already joined years before.
The right-wing US-backed regimes that governed Nicaragua in the neoliberal era, from 1990 to 2006, had cut ties with the People’s Republic of China and formed a close alliance with Taiwan.
Nicaragua’s Sandinista government reversed this policy, re-establishing relations with Beijing this December, then promptly signing a series of important agreements for Chinese help in building public housing and infrastructure, including hospitals, renewable energy, roads, railways, and ports, as well as water and public health systems.
In addition to being part of the anti-imperialist Bolivarian Alliance (ALBA), Venezuela, Nicaragua, Cuba, and Bolivia have joined China and Russia as key members of the Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations, a diplomatic alliance aimed at challenging imperialist hegemony and unipolarity.
This Group of Friends reflects a new political pole that is being developed to push back against the aggression of the US-EU-NATO imperialist bloc. This new cold war alignment was clearly reflected in the March 2 UN General Assembly vote on Russia’s military incursion in Ukraine.
The countries in Latin America with socialist and anti-imperialist governments – Cuba, Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Bolivia – either abstained or did not vote for the resolution condemning Russia.
Other nations with socialist governments – China, Vietnam, Lao, and the DPRK – or which waged successful anti-colonialist revolutionary struggles – such as Iran, Eritrea, Algeria, South Africa, Angola, Syria, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique – likewise abstained or voted against the anti-Russian resolution, while the Western imperialist powers and their allies and proxies voted for it.
These are the fault lines of the new cold war.

Multipolarista editor Benjamin Norton discussed this subject at the March 19 event “21st Century Socialism: China and Latin America on the Frontline,” organized by Friends of Socialist China.
You can watch video of the talk below: