Vanquish44/Healthcare_NLP huggingface dataset:
Question: How to diagnose VACTERL association ?
Answer: Is genetic testing available for VACTERL association? Because there is no known cause of VACTERL association, clinical genetic testing is not available for the condition. If an individual has a specific diagnosis of another syndrome or genetic condition in addition to the features of VACTERL association, genetic testing may be available for that condition. GeneTests lists the names of laboratories that are performing genetic testing for VACTERL association. Although no clinical laboratories are listed for this condition, there are some research laboratories performing genetic testing; to see a list of these laboratories, click here. Please note: Most of the laboratories listed through GeneTests do not accept direct contact from patients and their families; therefore, if you are interested in learning more, you will need to work with a health care provider or a genetics professional. How is VACTERL association diagnosed? Prenatal diagnosis of VACTERL association can be challenging because certain component features of the condition can be difficult to detect prior to birth. Therefore, the diagnosis of VACTERL association is typically based on features that are seen when a baby is born or in the first few days of life. The diagnosis is based on having at least three of the following features (which make up the acronym VACTERL): vertebral defects, commonly accompanied by rib anomalies; imperforate anus or anal atresia; cardiac (heart) defects; tracheo-esophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia; renal (kidney) anomalies including renal agenesis, horseshoe kidney, and cystic and/or dysplastic kidneys; and limb abnormalities. Additional types of abnormalities have also been reported in affected individuals and may be used as clues in considering a diagnosis of other conditions with overlapping features. Depending on the features present, some other conditions that may be considered when diagnosing a child who has features of VACTERL association (differential diagnosis) may include Baller-Gerold syndrome, CHARGE syndrome, Currarino disease, 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Feingold syndrome, Fryns syndrome, MURCS association, oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, Opitz G/BBB syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, Townes-Brocks syndrome, and VACTERL with hydrocephalus.

Topic: VACTERL association
Source: GARD
Question: What is (are) Chiari malformation ?
Answer: Chiari malformations are structural defects in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance. When the indented bony space at the lower rear of the skull is smaller than normal, the cerebellum and brainstem can be pushed downward. The resulting pressure on the cerebellum can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (the liquid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord) and can cause a range of symptoms including dizziness, muscle weakness, numbness, vision problems, headache, and problems with balance and coordination. Treatment may require surgery. Many patients with the more severe types of Chiari malformations who undergo surgery see a reduction in their symptoms and/or prolonged periods of relative stability, however paralysis is generally permanent despite surgery. There are four types of Chiari malformations. The types tend to correspond with the degree of severity, with type 1 being the most common and least severe. Some people with type 1 have no symptoms and do not require treatment. Chiari malformation type 1 Chiari malformation type 2 Chiari malformation type 3 Chiari malformation type 4

Topic: Chiari malformation
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Chiari malformation ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Chiari malformation? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Chiari malformation. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Areflexia of upper limbs - Arnold-Chiari type I malformation - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Babinski sign - Basilar impression - Diplopia - Dysarthria - Dysphagia - Gait ataxia - Headache - Hearing impairment - Hyperacusis - Limb muscle weakness - Lower limb hyperreflexia - Lower limb spasticity - Nystagmus - Paresthesia - Photophobia - Scoliosis - Small flat posterior fossa - Syringomyelia - Tinnitus - Unsteady gait - Urinary incontinence - Vertigo - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Chiari malformation
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Areflexia - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Axonal degeneration/regeneration - Decreased motor nerve conduction velocity - Decreased number of peripheral myelinated nerve fibers - Distal amyotrophy - Distal muscle weakness - Distal sensory impairment - Foot dorsiflexor weakness - Hyporeflexia - Kyphoscoliosis - Onion bulb formation - Onset - Peripheral axonal atrophy - Pes cavus - Steppage gait - Upper limb muscle weakness - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1
Source: GARD
Question: What is (are) Alagille syndrome ?
Answer: Alagille syndrome is an inherited disorder in which a person has fewer than the normal number of small bile ducts inside the liver. It is a complex disorder that can affect other parts of the body including the heart, kidneys, blood vessels, eyes, face, and skeleton. Symptoms, including jaundice, pale, loose stools, and poor growth, typically develop in the first 2 years of life. Symptoms and symptom severity varies, even among people in the same family. Alagille syndrome is caused by mutations in the JAG1 and NOTCH2 genes. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. In severe cases, liver transplant may be necessary.

Topic: Alagille syndrome
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Purpura simplex ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Purpura simplex? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Purpura simplex. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Bruising susceptibility - Epistaxis - Menorrhagia - Ptosis - Purpura - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Purpura simplex
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Kuster Majewski Hammerstein syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Kuster Majewski Hammerstein syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Kuster Majewski Hammerstein syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal hair quantity 90% Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 90% Abnormality of the macula 90% Retinopathy 90% Split hand 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 50% Carious teeth 50% Finger syndactyly 50% Microdontia 50% Reduced number of teeth 50% Strabismus 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Camptodactyly - Ectodermal dysplasia - Joint contracture of the hand - Macular dystrophy - Selective tooth agenesis - Sparse eyebrow - Sparse eyelashes - Sparse scalp hair - Syndactyly - Widely spaced teeth - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Kuster Majewski Hammerstein syndrome
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Renal tubular acidosis, distal, type 3 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Renal tubular acidosis, distal, type 3? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Renal tubular acidosis, distal, type 3. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Bicarbonate-wasting renal tubular acidosis - Hypokalemia - Nephrocalcinosis - Nephrolithiasis - Osteomalacia - Periodic paralysis - Rickets - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Renal tubular acidosis, distal, type 3
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Bartter syndrome antenatal type 2 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Bartter syndrome antenatal type 2? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Bartter syndrome antenatal type 2. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Hypomagnesemia 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Chondrocalcinosis - Constipation - Dehydration - Diarrhea - Failure to thrive - Fetal polyuria - Fever - Frontal bossing - Generalized muscle weakness - Hyperactive renin-angiotensin system - Hyperaldosteronism - Hypercalciuria - Hyperchloridura - Hyperprostaglandinuria - Hypochloremia - Hypokalemia - Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis - Hyposthenuria - Impaired platelet aggregation - Increased circulating renin level - Increased serum prostaglandin E2 - Increased urinary potassium - Intellectual disability - Large eyes - Low-to-normal blood pressure - Macrocephaly - Macrotia - Muscle cramps - Nephrocalcinosis - Osteopenia - Paresthesia - Polydipsia - Polyhydramnios - Polyuria - Premature birth - Prominent forehead - Renal juxtaglomerular cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia - Renal potassium wasting - Renal salt wasting - Seizures - Short stature - Small for gestational age - Tetany - Triangular face - Vomiting - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Bartter syndrome antenatal type 2
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Sonoda syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Sonoda syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Sonoda syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal dermatoglyphics 90% Abnormality of the oral cavity 90% Anteverted nares 90% Depressed nasal ridge 90% Generalized hyperpigmentation 90% Hypopigmentation of hair 90% Narrow mouth 90% Round face 90% Short nose 90% Short stature 90% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 50% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Depressed nasal bridge - High axial triradius - Intellectual disability - Ventricular septal defect - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Sonoda syndrome
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Penoscrotal transposition ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Penoscrotal transposition? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Penoscrotal transposition. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Absent facial hair - Elevated follicle stimulating hormone - Elevated luteinizing hormone - Female external genitalia in individual with 46,XY karyotype - Growth abnormality - Gynecomastia - Inguinal hernia - Neoplasm - Primary amenorrhea - Sparse axillary hair - Sparse pubic hair - X-linked recessive inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Penoscrotal transposition
Source: GARD
Question: What is (are) Kluver Bucy syndrome ?
Answer: Kluver Bucy syndrome is a rare behavioral impairment characterized by inappropriate sexual behaviors and mouthing of objects. Other signs and symptoms, include a diminished ability to visually recognize objects, loss of normal fear and anger responses, memory loss, distractibility, seizures, and dementia. It is associated with damage to the anterior temporal lobes of the brain. Cases have been reported in association with herpes encephalitis and head trauma. Treatment is symptomatic and may include the use of psychotropic medications.

Topic: Kluver Bucy syndrome
Source: GARD
Question: What is (are) Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 ?
Answer: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) is an extremely rare inherited multisystem disorder. TRPS1 is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance that includes sparse scalp hair; a rounded nose; a long, flat area between the nose and the upper lip (philtrum); and a thin upper lip. Individuals with this condition also have skeletal abnormalities such as cone-shaped epiphyses in their fingers and toes and short stature. The range and severity of symptoms may vary from case to case. Transmission of TRPS1 is autosomal dominant, linked to mutations in the TRPS1 gene localized to 8q24.12.

Topic: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1
Source: GARD
Question: What are the symptoms of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal hair quantity 90% Abnormal nasal morphology 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Clinodactyly of the 5th finger 90% Cone-shaped epiphysis 90% Frontal bossing 90% Long philtrum 90% Macrotia 90% Short distal phalanx of finger 90% Short stature 90% Thin vermilion border 90% Triangular face 90% Abnormality of the hip bone 50% Abnormality of the nail 50% Abnormality of the palate 50% Camptodactyly of finger 50% Hyperlordosis 50% Increased number of teeth 50% Muscular hypotonia 50% Pectus carinatum 50% Scoliosis 50% Abnormally low-pitched voice - Accelerated bone age after puberty - Arthralgia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis - Carious teeth - Chin with horizontal crease - Concave nail - Cone-shaped epiphyses of the middle phalanges of the hand - Cone-shaped epiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand - Coxa magna - Deep philtrum - Delayed eruption of teeth - Delayed skeletal maturation - Dental malocclusion - Fine hair - Flat capital femoral epiphysis - Infantile muscular hypotonia - Ivory epiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand - Leukonychia - Microdontia - Narrow palate - Osteoarthritis - Osteopenia - Pear-shaped nose - Pes planus - Protruding ear - Recurrent respiratory infections - Scapular winging - Short metacarpal - Short metatarsal - Slow-growing hair - Sparse hair - Sparse lateral eyebrow - Swelling of proximal interphalangeal joints - Thin nail - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.

Topic: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1
Source: GARD