Urwashanza/europrocure-10-public-procurement huggingface dataset:
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Ervia
Country: IE
Contract type: Services
Procedure: Negotiated procedure
CPV classification: 72000000 | 72130000 | 72200000 | 72210000: Software programming services | 72211000: Systems and user software programming services
Submission deadline: 2017-11-09
Award criteria: The most economic tender

Technical requirements: Υπηρεσίες τεχνολογίας των πληροφοριών: παροχή συμβουλών, ανάπτυξη λογισμικού, Διαδίκτυο και υποστήριξη
The Contracting Entity is undertaking a competitive tender process to establish a multi supplier framework agreement that will provision IT services and resources across Ervia, its subsidiaries and business units including: Gas Networks Ireland, Irish Water and its three Central Business Units, Group Centre, Shared Services, and Major Projects.
It is the intention to appoint service providers to support the delivery of these requirements in the nine areas referenced below, each of which will constitute a separate lot.
The Contracting Entity is undertaking a competitive tender process to establish a multi supplier framework agreement that will provision IT services and resources across Ervia, its subsidiaries and business units including: Gas Networks Ireland, Irish Water and its three Central Business Units, Group Centre, Shared Services, and Major Projects.
It is the intention to appoint service providers to support the delivery of these requirements in the nine areas referenced below, each of which will constitute a separate lot.
The Contracting Entity is undertaking a competitive tender process to establish a multi supplier framework agreement that will provision IT services across Ervia, its subsidiaries and business units including: Gas Networks Ireland, Irish Water and its three Central Business Units, Group Centre, Shared Services, and Major Projects.
It is the intention to appoint service providers to support the delivery of these requirements in the nine areas referenced below, each of which will constitute a separate lot.
The framework agreement will be established for a term of five (5) years with the option to extend for a further period of up to two (2) year at the sole discretion of Ervia. A maximum of TEN (10) Applicants for each lot and each sub-Lot will be invited to tender, where the minimum requirements are demonstrated.
Documents are available to all candidates who register their interest through e-tenders. All queries for clarification must be submitted via email to tenders@ervia.ie
The questionnaire must be completed and returned to the address detailed in the attached document not later than 12:00 Thursday 9.11.2017.
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Compania Nationala de Administrare a Infrastructurii Rutiere SA
Country: RO
Contract type: Works
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 45221111 | 45233100: Construction work for highways | 71322500
Submission deadline: 2017-10-27
Award criteria: The most economic tender

Technical requirements: Pentru vizualizarea modificarilor / corectiilor aduse documentelor initiale in data de 18.10.2017 se va accesa detaliul anuntului original consultand www.e-licitatie.ro
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Compania Nationala de Administrare a Infrastructurii Rutiere SA
Country: RO
Contract type: Works
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 45221111 | 45233100: Construction work for highways | 71322500
Submission deadline: 2017-10-26
Award criteria: The most economic tender

Technical requirements: Pentru vizualizarea modificarilor / corectiilor aduse documentelor initiale in data de 18.10.2017 se va accesa detaliul anuntului original consultand www.e-licitatie.ro
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Compania Nationala de Administrare a Infrastructurii Rutiere SA
Country: RO
Contract type: Works
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 45221111 | 45233120: Road construction works | 71322500
Submission deadline: 2017-11-14
Award criteria: The most economic tender

Technical requirements: IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
In vederea asigurarii unei perioade suficiente pentru pregatirea unor oferte corecte si complete, autoritatea contractanta prelungeste termenul limita pentru primirea ofertelor ca urmare a contestatiilor formulate la CNSC.
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
In vederea asigurarii unei perioade suficiente pentru pregatirea unor oferte corecte si complete, autoritatea contractanta prelungeste termenul limita pentru primirea ofertelor ca urmare a contestatiilor formulate la CNSC.
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
In vederea asigurarii unei perioade suficiente pentru pregatirea unor oferte corecte si complete, autoritatea contractanta prelungeste termenul limita pentru primirea ofertelor ca urmare a contestatiilor formulate la CNSC.
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
In vederea asigurarii unei perioade suficiente pentru pregatirea unor oferte corecte si complete, autoritatea contractanta prelungeste termenul limita pentru primirea ofertelor ca urmare a contestatiilor formulate la CNSC.
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
IV.3.3)

Condiții de obținere a caietului de sarcini și a documentelor suplimentare sau a documentului descriptiv:
In vederea asigurarii unei perioade suficiente pentru pregatirea unor oferte corecte si complete, autoritatea contractanta prelungeste termenul limita pentru primirea ofertelor ca urmare a contestatiilor formulate la CNSC.
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Municipiul Cluj-Napoca
Country: RO
Contract type: Works
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 45233330 | 71322000: Civil engineering design services
Submission deadline: 2017-11-16
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: (...) Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „«dispune»” ofertantul;
(...)  Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „dispune” ofertantul;
Completarea DUAE in conformitate cu prev. art. 193 alin. 1 din Legea 98/2016.Documentele justificative care probeaza cele asumate vor fi solicitate doar ofertantului clasat pe primul loc. Proba „dispunerii” poate fi facuta prin acte juridice, de ex: acte de proprietate, acte de inchiriere/furnizare, acte de administrare, etc.». (...)
Ca urmare a unei solicitari de clarificari din partea unui posibil ofertant s eimpune suplimentarea informatiilor privind modalitatea de dispunere de utilajele minime solicitate.
(...) Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „«dispune»” ofertantul;
(...)  Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „dispune” ofertantul;
Completarea DUAE in conformitate cu prev. art. 193 alin. 1 din Legea 98/2016.Documentele justificative care probeaza cele asumate vor fi solicitate doar ofertantului clasat pe primul loc. Proba „dispunerii” poate fi facuta prin acte juridice, de ex: acte de proprietate, acte de inchiriere/furnizare, acte de administrare, etc.». (...)
Ca urmare a unei solicitari de clarificari din partea unui posibil ofertant s eimpune suplimentarea informatiilor privind modalitatea de dispunere de utilajele minime solicitate.
(...) Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „«dispune»” ofertantul;
(...)  Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „dispune” ofertantul;
Completarea DUAE in conformitate cu prev. art. 193 alin. 1 din Legea 98/2016.Documentele justificative care probeaza cele asumate vor fi solicitate doar ofertantului clasat pe primul loc. Proba „dispunerii” poate fi facuta prin acte juridice, de ex: acte de proprietate, acte de inchiriere/furnizare, acte de administrare, etc.». (...)
Ca urmare a unei solicitari de clarificari din partea unui posibil ofertant s eimpune suplimentarea informatiilor privind modalitatea de dispunere de utilajele minime solicitate.
(...) Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „«dispune»” ofertantul;
(...)  Declaratie privind lista utilajelor ce vor fi utilizate in executarea lucrarilor si de care „dispune” ofertantul;
Completarea DUAE in conformitate cu prev. art. 193 alin. 1 din Legea 98/2016.Documentele justificative care probeaza cele asumate vor fi solicitate doar ofertantului clasat pe primul loc. Proba „dispunerii” poate fi facuta prin acte juridice, de ex: acte de proprietate, acte de inchiriere/furnizare, acte de administrare, etc.». (...)
Public procurement notice: Prior Information Notice Without Call For Competition
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Municipiul Timisoara
Country: RO
Contract type: Works
CPV classification: 45221119 | 45233120: Road construction works
Estimated value: 6337320 RON

Technical requirements: Timisoara, pod peste canalul Bega, pe B-dul General Dragalina, artera care faciliteaza accesul dinspre Gara de Nord înspre cartierul Iosefin si spre DN 59 (iesirea catre Resita, respectiv Belgrad).
Executie lucrari aferente obiectivului de investitii „Reabilitare Pod Stefan cel Mare”, in conformitate cu documentatia de atribuire.
In baza contractului se vor executa si finaliza lucrari de Reabilitare Podul Stefan Cel Mare si vor cuprinde: amenajare carosabil cu 4 benzi de circulatie, amenajare trotuare, amenajare spatii verzi, iluminat public.
Procedura aplicata: procedura simplificata. Criteriul de atribuire: pretul cel mai scazut.  Documentatia de atribuire necesara intocmirii ofertelor de catre operatorii economici interesati, va fi atasata anuntului de participare simplificat care se va publica in SEAP. Autoritatea contractanta nu doreste sa beneficieze de reducerile de termene prevazute de legislatie.
Public procurement notice: Contract Award Notice
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Commune de Draveil
Country: FR
Contract type: Works
Procedure: Contract award without prior publication
CPV classification: 45212000: Construction work for leisure buildings
Estimated value: 320302 EUR
Award criteria: Prix de l'offre, Valeur technique de l'offre au regard du mémoire technique

Technical requirements: Prix de l'offre
Valeur technique de l'offre au regard du mémoire technique
Travaux de terrassement, maçonnerie et d'électricité, installation d'un équipement sportif pour réhabiliter des courts de tennis existants.
Marchés passés (lots) selon la procédure adaptée, en application de l'article 27 du décret n° 2016-360 du 25.3.2016 relatif aux marchés publics. Ces marchés n'ont donc pas fait l'objet d'un avis initial au JOUE dans la mesure où ils ne dépassent pas le seuil fixé par la directive au delà duquel une publication au niveau européen est requise.
Les contrats signés peuvent être consultés au centre administratif de la mairie de Draveil (97 bis bd Henri Barbusse), après prise de rendez-vous préalable auprès du service marchés publics par courrier à l'adresse mentionnée ci-dessus ou par mail à l'adresse bal-smp@mairiedraveil.fr


Number of bids: 2
Public procurement notice: Voluntary Ex Ante Transparency Notice
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Département de Tarn-et-Garonne
Country: FR
Contract type: Works
Procedure: Contract award without prior publication
CPV classification: 45233140: Roadway works
Estimated value: 50000 
Award criteria: Prix des prestations, Valeur technique au regard du mémoire technique

Technical requirements: Prix des prestations
Valeur technique au regard du mémoire technique
Marché valable 1 an à compter de sa date de notification, susceptible d'être reconduit pour 3 périodes d'un an. Sa durée totale ne pourra excéder 4 ans.
Marché à bons de commande, sans montant minimum mais avec un montant maximum pour la durée totale du marché de:
En vertu des dispositions des articles L 551-1 et R 551-1 du Code de justice administrative, les candidats évincés disposent d'un délai de 11 jours à compter de la publication du présent avis pour intenter un référé pré-contractuel.
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Institutul National de GerontologIe si Geriatrie Ana Aslan
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 33100000 | 33155000 | 51410000
Submission deadline: 2017-11-05
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Pentru vizualizarea modificarilor / corectiilor aduse documentelor initiale in data de 18.10.2017 se va accesa detaliul anuntului original consultand www.e-licitatie.ro
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Clinica Polisano SRL
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 03142400 | 33111710 | 33140000: Medical consumables | 33141120 | 33141121
Submission deadline: 2017-10-30
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Pentru vizualizarea modificarilor / corectiilor aduse documentelor initiale in data de 18.10.2017 se va accesa detaliul anuntului original consultand www.e-licitatie.ro
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Spitalul Municipal Sebes
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 33600000: Pharmaceutical products
Submission deadline: 2017-10-23
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Pentru vizualizarea modificarilor / corectiilor aduse documentelor initiale in data de 18.10.2017 se va accesa detaliul anuntului original consultand www.e-licitatie.ro
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Spitalul Universitar de Urgenta Militar Central „Dr. Carol Davila”
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 24310000 | 33191000 | 50421000
Submission deadline: 2017-11-13
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Pentru vizualizarea modificarilor / corectiilor aduse documentelor initiale in data de 18.10.2017 se va accesa detaliul anuntului original consultand www.e-licitatie.ro
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Unitatea Militara 02494
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 30216130 | 30232100 | 30233100 | 30233152 | 30233300
Submission deadline: 2017-10-27
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Pentru vizualizarea modificarilor / corectiilor aduse documentelor initiale in data de 18.10.2017 se va accesa detaliul anuntului original consultand www.e-licitatie.ro
Public procurement notice: Additional Information
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Agentia Nationala de Administrare Fiscala
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 48820000: Servers
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Procedura a fost anulata prin Raportul procedurii nr. A_APS 8131/25.07.2017 in temeiul art. 212 alin. (1) lit. c) din Legea nr. 98/2016, privind achizitiile publice, cu completarile si modificarile ulterioare. Necorelarea termenului de livrare cu durata contractului din documentatia de atribuire face ca autoritatea contractanta sa se afle in imposibilitatea de a adopta masuri corective fara ca acestea sa conduca la incalcarea principiilor prevazute la art. 2 alin. (2) din Legea nr. 98/2016.
Public procurement notice: Prior Information Notice Without Call For Competition
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Municipiul Timisoara
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
CPV classification: 31154000 | 32323000 | 48000000 | 48800000 | 72265000: Software configuration services
Estimated value: 1539832 RON

Technical requirements: Furnizarea, montarea si configurarea pachetului „Upgrade de cluster de virtualizare” pentru Primaria Municipiului Timisoara.
In baza contractului care se va incheia se va furniza, monta si configura pachetul „Upgrade de cluster de virtualizare” (echipamente IT) pentru Primaria Municipiului Timisoara.
In baza contr. care se va incheia se va furniza, monta si configura pachetul „Upgrade de cluster de virtualizare” pentru Primaria Munucipiului Timisoara, in conf. cu cerintele din caietul de sarcini. Doc. de atribuire, necesara intocmirii ofertelor, va fi atasata anuntului de participare ce va fi publicat in SEAP.
Public procurement notice: Contract Notice
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Kommunale Wirtschafts- und Leistungsgesellschaft (KWL)
Country: DE
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 34144210: Road-sweeping vehicles
Submission deadline: 2017-11-28
Award criteria: The most economic tender

Technical requirements: Die Auftragsunterlagen stehen für einen uneingeschränkten und vollständigen direkten Zugang gebührenfrei zur Verfügung unter -(URL):
Public procurement notice: Contract Notice
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Stadt St. Georgen im Schwarzwald
Country: DE
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 34144210: Road-sweeping vehicles | 34144213
Estimated value: 330000 EUR
Submission deadline: 2017-12-07
Award criteria: Preis, Funktionalität, Technische Ausführung, Reparaturmöglichkeiten / Kundendienst, Liefertermin ab Auftragsvergabe

Technical requirements: Preis
Funktionalität
Technische Ausführung
Reparaturmöglichkeiten / Kundendienst
Liefertermin ab Auftragsvergabe
Lieferung eines Fahrgestells Montage des Aufbaus mit feuerwehrtechnischem Ausbau und Funkausstattung, sowie der feuerwehrtechnischen Beladung eines Hilfeleistungs-Löschgruppenfahrzeug HLF 20.
Die Aufträge zur Lieferung des Fahrgestells und zur Lieferung und Montage des Aufbaus mit feuerwehrtechnischem Ausbau und Funkausstattung, sowie der feuerwehrtechnischen Beladung sind in 2 Lose aufgeteilt und werden getrennt vergeben.
Fahrgestell, Auf-, Aus- und Einbauten sowie Ausrüstung mit Funk für ein HLF 20 nach DIN 14530-27, DIN 14530-27/A1+A2, DIN EN 1846, DIN SPEC 14502-1 und E DIN 14502-2.
Lieferung eines Fahrgestells Montage des Aufbaus mit feuerwehrtechnischem Ausbau und Funkausstattung, sowie der feuerwehrtechnischen Beladung eines Hilfeleistungs-Löschgruppenfahrzeug HLF 20.
Zahlung gemäß § 17 VOL/B und den Besonderen und Zusätzlichen Vertragsbedingungen nach kompletterund ordnungsgemäßer Erfüllung der Leistung und förmlicher Abnahme sowie nach Eingang einer prüfbarenRechnung innerhalb von 30 Tagen. Teilzahlung nach Lieferung des Fahrgestells an den Auftragnehmer undZwischenabnahme durch den Auftraggeber. Schlusszahlung nach Lieferung an den Auftraggeber, förmlicherAbnahme und Einweisung.
Anbieter müssen Ihre Leistungsfähigkeit und Ihre Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen durch eine ausführliche Referenzliste (letzten 3 Jahre) im deutschsprachigem Raum und den Nachweis der Zertifizierung nach DIN EN ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 erbringen.

Eligibility requirements: Anbieter müssen Ihre Leistungsfähigkeit und Ihre Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen durch eine ausführliche Referenzliste (letzten 3 Jahre) im deutschsprachigem Raum und den Nachweis der Zertifizierung nach DIN EN ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 erbringen.
Public procurement notice: Contract Notice
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Γενικό Νοσοκομείο Μεσσηνίας
Country: GR
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 31518600 | 33111200 | 33115000 | 33124120 | 33168100
Estimated value:  EUR
Submission deadline: 2017-11-24
Award criteria: The most economic tender

Technical requirements: Ανοικτός διεθνής ηλεκτρονικός διαγωνισμός προμήθειας ιατροτεχνολογικού εξοπλισμού για τις ανάγκες της Νοσηλευτικής Μονάδας Καλαμάτας.
Για την έγκυρη συμμετοχή στη διαδικασία σύναψης της παρούσας σύμβασης, κατατίθεται από τους συμμετέχοντες οικονομικούς φορείς (προσφέροντες), εγγυητική επιστολή συμμετοχής, που ανέρχεται στο 2 % της εκτιμώμενης αξίας της σύμβασης εκτός ΦΠΑ. (περ. α παρ. 1 άρθρου 72 ν. 4412/2016).
Σε περίπτωση υποβολής προσφοράς για ένα ή περισσότερα τμήματα της σύμβασης, το ύψος της εγγύησης συμμετοχής υπολογίζεται επί της εκτιμώμενης αξίας, εκτός ΦΠΑ, του/των προσφερομένου/ων τμήματος/τμημάτων.
Στην περίπτωση ένωσης οικονομικών φορέων, η εγγύηση συμμετοχής περιλαμβάνει και τον όρο ότι η εγγύηση καλύπτει τις υποχρεώσεις όλων των οικονομικών φορέων που συμμετέχουν στην ένωση.
Για την υπογραφή της σύμβασης απαιτείται η παροχή εγγύησης καλής εκτέλεσης, σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 72 παρ. 1 β) του ν. 4412/2016, το ύψος της οποίας ανέρχεται σε ποσοστό 5 % επί της αξίας της σύμβασης, εκτός ΦΠΑ, και κατατίθεται πριν ή κατά την υπογραφή της σύμβασης.
Public procurement notice: Contract Award Notice
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara Cluj Napoca
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 33191110 | 38434540 | 38951000 | 39714000 | 39721320
Estimated value:  RON
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Proiect „Dezvoltarea si modelarea bioproceselor pentru obtinetea de 1,3 propandiol (PD) si acid citric din glicerol brut, cu aplicatii în industria alimentara- ProGlyCom”, ID POC P_37_637, ctr nr. 48/05.09.2016, Cod SMIS 2014+ 105258.
1.Toate solicitarile de clarificari si raspunsurile aferente se vor transmite prin mijloace electronice prin intermediul SEAP.
2. Daca 2 sau mai multe oferte clasate pe primul loc au preturile egale, atunci pentru departajare, autoritatea contractanta va solicita prin intermediul SEAP ofertantilor care au ofertat cel mai mic pret, o noua propunere financiara caz in care contractul va fi atribuit ofertantului a carui noua propunere financiara are pretul cel mai scazut.
3. Operatorii economici au instructiuni de completare DUAE, dupa logarea in sistem. DUAE postat de autoritatea contractanta, la procedura se importa de catre operatorul economic dupa ce s-a logat pe link https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/espd/filter.
4. Pentru vizualizarea documentatiei de atribuire incarcate in SEAP, operatorii economici trebuie sa aiba un program necesar vizualizarii fisierelor semnate electronic ,acest program fiind disponibil gratuit pe site-urile furnizorilor de semnatura electronica.
5. Operatorul economic va preciza in oferta depusa acele informatii cuprinse in propunerea tehnica si in propunerea financiara considerate a fi confidentiale, clasificate, protejate de un drept de proprietate intelectuala in masura in care, in mod obiectiv, dezvaluirea acestor informatii ar prejudicia interesele legitime ale operatorului economic ,in special in ceea ce priveste secretul comercial si proprietatea intelectuala.


Number of bids: 5
Public procurement notice: Contract Award Notice
Published: 2017-10-20
Buyer: Directia Generala de Politie Locala si Control a Municipiului Bucuresti
Country: RO
Contract type: Supplies
Procedure: Open procedure
CPV classification: 34114000: Special-purpose vehicles
Estimated value: 2268300 RON
Award criteria: Lowest price

Technical requirements: Se vor achizitiona vehicule cu utilizare speciala pentru politia locala Bucuresti prin accesarea programului Rabla – 30 buc.


Number of bids: 1