6.6.2 Capacity building for adaptation The Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative programme (CARIAA), funded jointly with the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada, aims to generate robust evidence to inform policy and practice to increase the resilience of vulnerable populations and their livelihoods in three climate change ‘hot spots’ across Africa and Asia. The programme has performed well overall, exceeding output milestones and coming in on budget and on time. Notable achievements include a significant contribution to the recent IPCC Special Report on the implications of global warming of +1.5C, with multiple CARIAA papers cited. New and strengthened relationships with key stakeholders and networks have contributed to increased recognition and uptake of CARIAA research results, with an excess of 30 documented examples of contributions to policy and planning activities at local, national and international scales. CARIAA was responsible for developing the expertise of some organizations around topics that they did not previously address, such as climate change and migration. Moreover, the collaborative structure of the consortium also helped some organizations gain international exposure and experience, improve the quality of their research to meet global standards, and gain international recognition. £12.2 million was committed over the reporting period. WISER is a £35 million, five-year programme designed to enhance the resilience of African people and Africa’s economic development to weather-related shocks. The programme aims to improve the generation and use of Weather and Climate Information and Services (WCIS) across Sub-Saharan Africa, with an initial focus on East Africa. There is strong rationale for working regionally as climate change is a cross-border issue and so a regional approach offers greater efficiencies in the pursuit of common national objectives88. Addressing the impact of climate change and supporting improved decision making are important, as is improved use of science and research in decision making. There has been good progress with implementing plans and joint studies and WISER is producing good, high quality and relevant outputs (e.g. case studies, joint analysis) and starting to share this across various networks. There has also been very good progress on sharing outputs across key fora and the development, and engagement with a broad number of varied networks, as well as training provided to many individuals and good, broader engagement across a range of stakeholder groups. £9.2 million was committed over the reporting period. 88 2015 ARD Macro-Evaluation of Regional Approaches (MERA) regional (a) tackling cross-border issues, (b) maximising reach and impact, and (c) greater efficiencies in the pursuit of common

90 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters is a £110 million programme which aims to improve local and national policies and institutions to better integrate disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation and development approaches. It has started community level initiatives in 13 countries through 15 NGO consortia, working on projects such as improved climate information for agriculture, securing livestock migration routes, and building infrastructure to help crops avoid flood and capture water for future use. £64 million was committed over the reporting period. The Building Resilience in Ethiopia programme builds resilience to shocks by supporting the Government of Ethiopia to lead an effective and accountable humanitarian response system in the most effective way. It has 4 key technical assistance to the Government of Ethiopia to lead and deliver an effective and accountable humanitarian response, delivering food and cash to people in humanitarian need; responding to emergency humanitarian needs, and; monitoring, evaluation and learning to strengthen delivery. £28.5 million was committed The UK has also pledged £4.8 million to the Climate Impacts Research Capacity and Leadership Enhancement programme, which is developing the capacity of African scientists to conduct research on the impacts of climate change. The programme provides 1 year visiting fellowships for early stage climate change researchers where they receive professional and technical support from host institutions and undertake original research which is published in peer-reviewed journals. The programme also provide support to their home institutions through an institutional strengthening programme, to strengthen research training programmes, mentoring and quality assurance systems. 50% of fellows have been women. 6.6.3 Capacity building for technology transfer The UK adopts an integrated approach to supporting developing countries, and therefore recognises that technology transfer and capacity-building are interlinked and that both are necessary to effectively respond to the priorities of developing countries. The UK Government has funded several initiatives to support capacity building in the area of technology. The UK’s Newton Fund aims to develop science and innovation partnerships that promote development and has supported several projects supporting collaboration and capacity building for technology transfer. For example, 2018 winners of the Newton Prize Fund include a collaboration between Surrey University and the University of Antioquia in Columbia on a research project to develop a method for turning waste water from coffee processing into electricity using microbial fuel cell, preventing waste water entering and contaminating water courses; and a programme between scientists in the UK and Chile to use models to develop a framework to strengthen energy infrastructure to withstand extreme weather and 6.6.4 Capacity building for negotiations In addition to wide-ranging support for mitigation, adaptation and cross-cutting activities, the UK provides support developing countries to develop negotiations capacity and capability internationally. Over the reporting period the UK has provided £1 million funding for Negotiations Support Programmes and £15.6 million to the Climate Ambition Support Alliance. Formerly known as CABIN, this programme aims to level the playing field in international climate change negotiations by providing expert legal and technical support to developing country negotiators, while also offering logistical support to enable sufficient representation at

3. Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties 91 In 2017/18, the UK also supported Fiji as the first Small Island Developing State to hold the UNFCCC COP Presidency, providing £1.7 million of funding to the Fijian Government.
In addition, the UK supported the Climate Development Knowledge Network and provided up to £2 million in 2017 to enable effective participation of the poorest developing nations in the UN The UK also pays mandatory subscriptions to the UNFCCC to contribute to ensuring an effective Secretariat, as well as voluntary contributions to fund priority activities. These include the UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities, the UNFCCC Trust Fund for Developing Country Participation and the UNFCCC additional intersessional meetings. As a member of the IPCC, the UK also makes voluntary contributions to the IPCC’s Trust Fund. The UK contributed £230,000 in 2017 and £115,000 in 2018 and has committed a further £115,000 The UK provides small scale funding to help contribute to the costs of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Climate Change Experts Group programme and to provide small-scale targeted support to the most progressive and vulnerable countries in the negotiations, including through the Cartagena Dialogue. 6.7 Actions to accelerate the alignment of finance flows and Beyond the UK’s core £5.8 billion ICF, the UK continues to provide support for climate action in developing countries via other channels, with considerably more UK Official Development Aid contributing indirectly to helping developing countries respond to climate change. In the UK Government’s recently published Green Finance Strategy, the Government committed to aligning all UK ODA with the Paris Agreement, to ensure that development finance is consistent with climate resilient and low emissions development pathways. This will cover the entire of UK ODA, which is enshrined in law as being at least 0.7% GNI. Beyond dedicated climate finance, the UK also remains one of the largest contributors to the multilateral development banks (MDBs) which have collectively committed almost £200 billion in climate finance over the last 7 years, with 2017 seeing a 28% increase (to $35 billion) in collective multilateral development bank finance provision compared to 2016. The UK is also the largest donor to the International Development Association (part of the World Bank providing finance to the poorest countries) and committed £3,336 million to its 18th replenishment. The UK continues to encourage increased ambition on climate across the multilateral development banks, through partnering on dedicated ICF programmes, actively participating in Board project approvals, and influencing overall strategy, particularly regarding 2020 climate finance commitments and plans for aligning all activity with the goals of the Paris Agreement. The UK continues to support the use of these funds in response to projects and plans driven by the needs of developing countries and in line with NDCs and long- term climate strategies, as well as promoting increased effectiveness and transparency. 6.7.2 Accelerating ambition and implementation internationally The UK recognises the importance of increasing global climate ambition and action in order to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. By taking action domestically, the UK is able to demonstrate leadership and share this expertise to support other countries to do the same. In addition to the programmes listed above, the UK also undertakes a number of activities which indirectly support developing country ambition. 92 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report In 2017, the UK and Canada launched the PPCA, a global alliance uniting government, business and organisations in taking action to accelerate clean growth and climate protection through the rapid phase-out of traditional coal power. The alliance is approaching 100 members globally, including 30 national governments, all committed to moving away from coal towards cleaner power sources, and the UK is continuing to build this The UK continues to play a leading role in accelerating the global growth of green finance. Building on previous leadership outlined in previous Biennial Reports, in September 2017, the UK established a Green Finance Taskforce, to bring together thinking around accelerating the growth of green finance. In response to the recommendations of the taskforce, the UK established a new Green Finance Institute, jointly funded by the UK Government and the City of London. In July 2019, the UK also published its Green Finance Strategy, setting out green finance objectives and ambitions and how these will be achieved. The UK continues to support the Montreal Protocol, a global agreement to protect the ozone layer. The UK contributes to the Montreal Protocol’s Multilateral Fund to help developing countries to phase out ozone depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which both protects the ozone layer and mitigates climate change. In November 2017, the UK was also one of the first countries in the world to ratify the Kigali Amendment to the protocol aimed at phasing down production and usage of HFCs to avoid up to 0.5°C of warming by the end 6.8 Monitoring and evaluation, lessons learnt and transparency Designing effective programmes that respond to the needs of developing countries is a priority of UK ICF. The UK draws on evidence from commissioned studies and from its extensive monitoring and evaluation framework to enable continuous improvements in project selection, design and implementation. 6.8.1 Monitoring and evaluation The UK’s monitoring and evaluation framework assesses the performance of the ICF against intended outcomes and supports the generation and use of evidence across the ICF to allow for continuous improvement. The cross-departmental ICF monitoring and evaluation framework includes programme and portfolio results reporting frameworks, internal annual reviews of all programmes, and several independent evaluations at both programme and The monitoring aspect of the framework consists of both portfolio-wide metrics known as Key Performance Indicators and programme specific data collected through logframes and programme specific indicators. The Key Performance Indicators are defined metrics which are aggregated and publicly report at portfolio level. These are listed on the UK Government website, along with their full methodologies89. Programme level metrics are designed specifically for each programme, and these are published on the UKs Development Each year all programmes receiving International Climate Finance from HMG under-go an annual review process, whereby logframe indicators are collected, assessed and KPI data is quality assured. The programme manager leads this process and reflects on evidence 89 DFID, UK Climate Finance Results (2019) -climate-finance-

3.
Provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties 93 generated over the year – for example any evidence from independent evaluations. The process is core to our learnings as it provides a moment of periodic reflection whereby lessons can be taken and applied across the whole portfolio. The UK’s monitoring and evaluation framework increases the impact of climate finance by filling key evidence gaps. It achieves this through the following • Evaluate and monitor programmes to understand why, how and in what contexts our programmes are successful (or otherwise) in achieving their aims; • Develop and use the evidence base to improve decision-making within HMG and influence the wider climate finance landscape; and • Provide accountability for our ICF through understanding whether programme results are The evaluation aspect of the framework ensures independent scrutiny and learning from a range of commissioned evaluations. At portfolio level, independent evaluations are carried out through the ICF Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning programme, which provides evidence and learning to increase the effectiveness and to measure the impact of the UK’s international climate funding. At individual programme level, the UK commissions independent evaluations specifically targeted at individual programmes. For example, in 2018 the UK published an independent evaluation of our Renewable Energy Performance Platform90. The UK’s ICF welcomes regular scrutiny from both the UK’s Independent Commission on Aid Impact91 and the International Development parliamentary oversight committee92. In particular, the UK’s monitoring and evaluation framework has been well regarded by the UK’s Independent Commission on Aid Impact, which stated in the 2019 review “The UK has made an important contribution to promoting better results measurement across the international climate finance architecture”, and that “the UK has been a consistent champion of results measurement […] encouraging its multilateral partners to develop results frameworks and strengthen their monitoring and evaluation processes.” The Commission also noted that “other actors in the climate finance area look to the UK as a thought leader on the monitoring and evaluation of climate finance.” 6.8.2 Lessons learnt and evidence-based programming Evidence is critical to designing climate finance programmes effectively and to ensure they deliver the greatest impact and respond effectively to the needs of developing countries. Evidence generated through the UK’s monitoring and evaluation process is fed back into programme and portfolio level design decisions through the annual review process which all programmes undertake, management responses to evaluations recommendations, and analytical appraisal for future programming. Two of the key lessons learnt from this process of evaluation was that technical assistance is crucial for longer term sustainable development and success requires local buy-in and commitment. The UK’s Sustainable Infrastructure Programme was designed to reflect these lessons through its combination of technical assistance to address technical or regulatory barriers and investment capital. Experience demonstrates that when working together, 90 Trinomics, Mid-term evaluation of Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP) project/mid-term_evaluation_of_renewable_energy_performance_platform/ 91 UK aid for combating climate change inquiry 92 UK aid for combating climate change commons-select/international-development-committee/inquiries/parliament-2017/uk-aid-for-combating-

94 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report these tools create the greatest opportunities to leverage public and private investment. To ensure that interventions are demand-led and sustainable, this programme works in close collaboration with partner governments and supports national plans. The ICF portfolio has also yielded important lessons learnt around ensuring effective and efficient project implementation. The UK has been deploying these lessons in the • Through the NAMA Facility, the UK identified that countries require greater support for the detailed project preparation phase, to increase the chances of projects progressing successfully through implementation; and • Through the multilateral funds, such as the Climate Investment Funds, the UK has learned the value of flexible programming to respond to in-country circumstances such as shifts in In addition to the evidence base drawn from the existing ICF portfolio, the UK’s Knowledge, Evidence and Engagement Portfolio supports the development of effective climate finance by funding commissioned research to inform the focus and design UK ICF programmes and to build on lessons learned. The programme has helped to develop an evidence base on how to devise interventions that can be transformational and effectively respond to the needs and priorities of developing countries, and how to maximise the impact of UK support to ensure it delivers climate, poverty reduction and economic outcomes. The UK has pledged £18 million over 2018-21 to Knowledge, Evidence and Engagement Portfolio. The UK also funded the CIF Evaluation and Learning Initiative, which has drawn out learning from the last 10 years of CIF programmes, identifying the transformational impacts these have helped bring about and providing useful lessons for funds across the climate 6.8.3 Reporting and transparency The UK has an ambitious aid transparency policy ensuring all aid spend data including climate finance, is published and externally assessed to international standards. In particular, the UK is committed to a conservative and accurate approach to climate finance accounting, giving confidence to developing countries and civil society that the levels of climate-specific support reported accurately reflect the levels of climate-specific support provided. A specific example is our world leading approach to calculating the level of climate finance associated with integrated development projects. Rather than using a standardised co-efficient for calculating this, as most providers of support do, the UK calculates the specific climate related cost of each programme on a case by case basis, reflecting the real contribution of each activity to meeting climate goals. The UK also works closely with the OECD in reporting climate finance and reports annually to meet the requirements under Article 16 of the EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Regulation. In addition, the UK is committed to the avoidance of double counting, having played a key role in developing the Technical Working Group methodology used to enable OECD-CPI analysis of aggregate mobilisation of private finance.
The UK is also committed to developing the evidence base on how public finance and policy measures can attract and measure private finance, including through participating in the OECD Research Collaborative for Tracking

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 95 Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change kt CO2 eq (%) 60,1480.56 601,480.56 609,307.74 593,748.10 579,700.11 575,832.96 567,353.52 589,063.32 562,980.06 568,148.01 561,198.18 567,901.86 576,720.67 560,803.39 572,282.26 573,786.44 570,496.68 568,098.12 559,915.61 545,411.80 494,890.21 512,672.50 470,413.81 488,341.12 478,459.35 439,580.09 423,122.05 400,554.10 388,101.10 -35.48 599,468.36 599,468.36 606,744.11 590,420.33 575,951.10 571,944.94 563,420.61 584,307.35 557,636.58 562,117.81 555,591.24 561,910.30 570,054.02 553,264.94 564,420.42 565,234.23 561,543.46 558,645.24 549,881.92 534,940.50 484,463.41 501,957.99 459,256.84 477,730.28 467,595.57 428,504.30 411,944.19 389,287.91 376,771.27 -37.15 132,990.63 132,990.63 133,748.47 133,409.03 131,767.19 124,890.60 126,394.41 125,516.85 123,192.73 119,685.31 114,123.00 108,900.57 104,044.03 101,590.97 96,389.49 92,082.35 87,360.16 82,970.02 79,095.13 73,503.62 68,974.26 64,297.74 61,606.85 59,973.03 55,883.64 53,685.75 53,088.63 51,507.70 51,884.16 -60.99 133,006.57 133,006.57 133,766.41 133,423.19 131,782.38 124,905.50 126,421.98 125,537.84 123,217.12 119,704.91 114,138.69 108,929.87 104,072.38 101,619.64 96,445.54 92,111.87 87,396.29 83,001.04 79,136.47 73,534.22 69,008.57 64,332.64 61,640.34 60,031.97 55,908.68 53,716.87 53,108.57 51,541.10 51,912.53 -60.97 46,128.03 46,128.03 46,339.43 41,415.50 37,169.64 37,785.32 36,530.57 36,515.49 36,763.98 36,733.49 27,204.04 26,554.23 25,066.48 23,433.40 23,002.64 23,582.71 22,716.09 21,614.36 21,674.39 21,033.33 19,580.52 19,913.10 19,166.40 18,999.07 18,909.59 19,455.53 18,988.93 18,912.12 19,270.63 -58.22 48,379.73 48,379.73 48,575.97 43,633.25 39,377.23 39,980.75 38,724.58 38,693.49 38,934.90 38,892.25 29,351.24 28,641.84 27,088.17 25,396.46 24,936.60 25,434.04 24,518.34 23,364.04 23,382.91 22,679.34 21,181.36 21,482.95 20,715.12 20,547.22 20,406.15 20,935.49 20,434.92 20,346.03 20,679.40 -57.26 HFCs 14,391.43 14,391.43 14,991.05 15,597.64 16,505.70 17,593.46 19,096.14 20,249.43 23,104.75 20,074.67 11,466.00 9,884.20 10,893.60 11,391.62 12,829.68 11,909.73 13,132.36 14,047.00 14,496.86 14,992.01 15,622.46 16,486.51 14,934.26 15,481.09 15,808.01 16,002.40 15,987.77 15,216.05 14,192.82 -1.38 PFCs 1,651.53 1,651.53 1,385.14 690.35 602.73 611.39 596.94 596.36 503.11 493.73 473.96 596.79 485.59 408.23 356.61 433.85 385.15 387.67 287.84 266.25 197.33 287.71 416.94 255.05 318.74 278.31 327.23 353.94 371.47 -77.51 Total (without LULUCF) 797,947.89 797,947.89 807,118.94 786,249.39 766,960.72 757,971.58 751,272.37 773,285.55 747,861.87 746,499.57 715,996.76 715,687.11 718,693.02 699,148.15 706,205.02 702,933.15 695,164.99 688,015.34 676,322.44 655,903.39 599,870.78 614,360.62 567,160.79 583,652.53 569,901.74 529,502.81 511,980.26 487,034.99 474,346.12 -40.55 Total (with LULUCF) 798,203.35 798,203.35 806,809.80 785,153.51 765,434.48 756,293.89 749,561.03 770,728.57 744,713.71 742,647.73 712,552.70 711,812.46 714,076.41 693,601.44 700,333.19 696,261.79 688,050.14 680,343.15 668,038.60 647,108.69 591,079.12 605,250.86 557,586.02 574,648.77 560,559.55 519,938.08 502,268.32 477,236.10 464,453.44 -41.81 Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change 1. Energy 615,267.74 615,267.74 625,927.49 609,930.08 594,572.73 581,025.93 572,997.54 591,962.15 566,578.20 569,409.04 559,602.76 565,974.40 575,259.83 558,970.75 566,672.31 566,349.59 562,536.10 560,330.44 549,833.95 536,623.53 491,596.82 507,760.17 466,015.66 484,115.14 471,514.26 432,273.29 416,102.28 394,601.31 381,802.83 -37.95 66,557.52 66,557.52 64,781.84 60,375.09 57,000.61 60,315.13 60,857.72 62,955.74 64,165.19 60,769.66 42,737.41 40,618.70 38,817.35 37,068.09 39,366.85 40,495.95 39,675.12 38,887.92 41,238.14 39,476.57 32,825.85 35,576.30 32,059.82 32,402.82 34,504.17 34,217.22 33,718.83 30,875.96 30,330.49 -54.43 3. Agriculture 49,173.86 49,173.86 48,875.87 48,222.62 47,196.19 48,156.49 47,954.35 48,590.59 47,876.46 48,078.03 48,148.45 45,926.29 43,462.10 43,183.64 44,033.15 44,140.59 43,596.43 42,583.22 42,072.57 41,087.52 40,767.60 40,914.35 41,004.79 40,629.90 40,427.63 41,793.33 41,173.05 41,192.07 41,549.10 -15.51 255.46 255.46 -309.14 -1,095.87 -1,526.24 -1,677.69 -1,711.33 -2,556.98 -3,148.17 -3,851.84 -3,444.05 -3,874.65 -4,616.61 -5,546.71 -5,871.83 -6,671.37 -7,114.85 -7,672.18 -8,283.84 -8,794.70 -8,791.66 -9,109.75 -9,574.76 -9,003.76 -9,342.19 -9,564.72 -9,711.94 -9,798.88 -9,892.68 -3972.52 5. Waste 66,948.77 66,948.77 67,533.75 67,721.59 68,191.17 68,474.02 69,462.76 69,777.07 69,242.03 68,242.84 65,508.13 63,167.73 61,153.74 59,925.66 56,132.71 51,947.03 49,357.35 46,213.76 43,177.78 38,715.78 34,680.50 30,109.80 28,080.52 26,504.67 23,455.68 21,218.97 20,986.10 20,365.65 20,663.70 -69.14 6. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 Total (including LULUCF) 798,203.35 798,203.35 806,809.80 785,153.51 765,434.48 756,293.89 749,561.03 770,728.57 744,713.71 742,647.73 712,552.70 711,812.46 714,076.41 693,601.44 700,333.19 696,261.79 688,050.14 680,343.15 668,038.60 647,108.69 591,079.12 605,250.86 557,586.02 574,648.77 560,559.55 519,938.08 502,268.32 477,236.10 464,453.44 -41.81

96 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change 1. Energy 574,309.70 574,309.70 584,462.62 569,018.08 555,645.90 549,432.12 540,423.97 561,094.51 537,791.28 543,146.59 536,175.13 544,400.67 555,033.54 539,571.08 549,034.72 549,167.49 547,190.96 545,907.39 536,036.02 523,473.25 478,784.38 495,061.30 453,761.40 471,681.02 460,179.97 421,381.23 405,592.14 385,125.77 372,285.99 -35.18 566,833.21 566,833.21 577,436.94 561,758.17 548,063.68 541,680.97 531,257.75 551,630.24 530,172.63 535,933.14 529,984.74 538,523.88 548,926.13 533,780.26 543,543.72 543,701.23 541,178.37 540,764.65 530,705.60 518,846.33 473,964.06 490,366.66 449,364.95 467,961.41 456,055.91 417,033.92 400,985.69 380,603.47 367,695.81 -35.13 1. Energy industries 235,851.47 235,851.47 233,624.69 222,494.73 206,473.27 204,633.69 202,380.07 204,220.61 191,890.20 197,689.94 188,510.86 199,263.15 209,710.32 208,064.01 215,686.31 213,684.93 214,037.15 220,219.99 215,081.75 209,472.20 186,331.48 193,640.88 179,555.77 190,683.41 178,500.07 153,781.09 134,087.31 112,012.49 102,629.11 -56.49 95,723.43 95,723.43 98,851.91 96,161.73 93,526.92 92,651.33 89,327.72 90,276.47 89,412.91 88,374.00 9,0311.62 9,0273.15 87,934.40 79,377.22 80,799.91 79,716.17 80,592.09 78,865.77 77,119.31 72,282.92 62,274.24 62,236.56 57,522.72 57,270.33 57,683.65 57,420.70 55,080.72 51,352.80 51,175.55 -46.54 3. Transport 119,742.52 119,742.52 118,905.30 120,297.54 121,552.06 122,906.50 122,317.73 126,976.44 128,299.77 128,095.43 129,317.30 127,977.66 127,744.90 130,259.32 129,654.50 130,959.71 131,945.37 131,485.90 132,826.71 127,262.30 122,646.13 120,849.09 118,891.41 117,990.77 116,755.03 118,276.08 120,827.13 123,314.86 123,345.32 3.01 4. Other sectors 110,222.36 110,222.36 121,753.65 118,709.08 122,363.12 117,522.81 113,339.09 126,344.71 116,932.95 118,575.46 118,690.57 118,088.95 120,610.34 113,019.19 114,236.48 116,282.85 111,760.59 106,729.80 101,926.97 106,575.08 99,730.78 110,744.98 90,642.95 99,494.07 100,828.46 85,533.94 89,328.44 92,376.25 88,987.64 -19.27 5. Other 5,293.44 5,293.44 4,301.40 4,095.09 4,148.31 3,966.64 3,893.13 3,812.02 3,636.80 3,198.32 3,154.39 2,920.97 2,926.18 3,060.52 3,166.53 3,057.57 2,843.16 3,463.19 3,750.86 3,253.83 2,981.42 2,895.15 2,752.10 2,522.82 2,288.70 2,022.12 1,662.09 1,547.07 1,558.20 -70.56 7,476.49 7,476.49 7,025.68 7,259.90 7,582.22 7,751.15 9,166.22 9,464.26 7,618.65 7,213.45 6,190.39 5,876.79 6,107.40 5,790.82 5,491.00 5,466.26 6,012.59 5,142.74 5,330.42 4,626.91 4,820.32 4,694.64 4,396.45 3,719.61 4,124.06 4,347.31 4,606.44 4,522.30 4,590.18 -38.61 1.
Solid fuels 1,698.56 1,698.56 1,312.14 1,122.56 1,022.21 791.77 737.42 552.48 629.34 294.79 214.74 192.99 198.95 194.14 185.41 228.21 161.26 192.04 246.24 324.95 239.62 296.63 379.67 148.54 278.37 435.48 451.88 349.01 359.54 -78.83 5,777.92 5,777.92 5,713.55 6,137.34 6,560.01 6,959.38 8,428.80 8,911.79 6,989.32 6,918.66 5,975.65 5,683.81 5,908.46 5,596.69 5,305.59 5,238.05 5,851.33 4,950.70 5,084.18 4,301.96 4,580.70 4,398.01 4,016.78 3,571.07 3,845.68 3,911.83 4,154.56 4,173.29 4,230.64 -26.78 2. Industrial processes 24,527.37 24,527.37 22,217.24 22,199.14 21,993.63 24,151.50 24,726.08 25,704.57 24,034.22 23,406.19 23,357.77 22,203.46 20,570.47 19,958.49 21,258.54 22,534.30 21,291.73 20,318.45 21,925.54 20,063.58 14,322.81 15,892.56 14,818.75 15,030.26 16,866.69 16,427.25 16,010.13 13867.30 14273.11 -41.81 A. Mineral industry 9,803.78 9,803.78 8,050.66 7,544.13 7,578.60 8,657.52 8,748.48 9,071.17 9,395.29 9,569.41 8,972.77 8,851.18 8,418.86 8,442.53 8,485.07 8,756.09 8,711.26 8,716.30 9,009.47 7,851.22 5,681.06 5,984.18 6,346.51 6,062.58 6,430.07 6,562.43 6,627.85 6,326.36 6,249.48 -36.25 B. Chemical industry 6,770.09 6,770.09 7,257.83 7,226.62 7,197.99 7,471.54 7,515.42 7,500.51 6,671.85 6,782.61 7,175.08 6,604.51 6,295.07 6,108.27 6,385.60 6,417.22 6,214.75 5,721.56 6,414.70 5,523.05 4,883.61 5,226.72 4,617.14 5,260.38 4,801.98 4,199.48 4,613.56 4,537.25 4,931.56 -27.16 C. Metal industry 7,400.69 7,400.69 6,399.35 5,919.96 5,522.91 6,338.45 6,856.43 7,051.08 6,464.31 6,034.57 6,687.78 6,154.70 5,302.19 4,311.57 5,278.33 5,484.86 5,849.78 5,400.42 6,045.55 5,973.27 3,352.60 3,573.43 3,098.68 3,017.29 4,994.16 4,857.64 4,423.18 2,480.86 2,572.86 -65.23 552.81 552.81 509.40 1,508.42 1,694.13 1,683.98 1,605.74 2,081.81 1,502.77 1,019.61 522.14 593.06 554.35 1,096.12 1,109.52 1,876.13 515.94 480.17 455.82 716.05 405.54 1,108.24 756.42 690.01 640.47 807.70 345.54 522.83 519.22 -6.08 H. Other IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO IE,NE,NO NE,NO,IE NO,NE,IE NO,NE,IE NO,NE,IE 0.00 3. Agriculture 1,342.78 1,342.78 1,344.03 1,246.08 831.91 1,227.41 1,221.79 1,274.29 566.44 1,002.28 1,125.51 765.60 571.56 749.29 1,487.14 1,623.50 1,611.76 1,588.27 1,605.17 1,574.60 1,506.28 1,447.61 1,567.19 1,365.01 1,151.21 1,505.43 1,271.05 1,293.83 1,283.09 -4.45 G. Liming 1,012.43 1,012.43 1,007.13 1,006.04 629.49 1,012.88 1,070.22 1,136.22 454.49 857.60 976.01 629.90 430.95 560.78 1,330.99 1,392.21 1,405.34 1,393.45 1,352.33 1,390.00 1,234.56 1,175.09 1,257.35 1,081.90 928.96 1,184.96 915.80 926.26 936.67 -7.48 H. Urea application 327.60 327.60 334.16 237.33 199.72 211.85 148.92 135.41 109.26 141.99 146.82 133.02 138.00 185.89 153.53 228.63 203.76 192.27 250.34 181.94 269.11 269.90 307.24 280.73 219.89 318.07 352.79 365.10 343.95 4.99 J. Other 2.75 2.75 2.74 2.72 2.70 2.68 2.65 2.66 2.70 2.69 2.68 2.67 2.61 2.61 2.62 2.66 2.66 2.56 2.50 2.66 2.60 2.62 2.60 2.37 2.37 2.39 2.46 2.46 2.46 -10.43 -2,012.20 -2,012.20 -2,563.63 -3,327.77 -3,749.01 -3,888.02 -3,932.92 -4,755.97 -5,343.48 -6,030.20 -5,606.94 -5,991.55 -6,666.65 -7,538.44 -7,861.84 -8,552.21 -8,953.22 -9,452.88 -10,033.69 -10,471.30 -10,426.80 -10,714.51 -11,156.97 -10,610.84 -10,863.78 -11,075.79 -11,177.87 -11,266.19 -11,329.82 463.06 A. Forest land -15,026.26 -15,026.26 -15,683.62 -16,247.69 -16,533.52 -16,502.08 -16,560.22 -17,064.11 -17,200.78 -17,731.12 -17,917.83 -18,219.49 -18,548.46 -18,826.16 -18,913.83 -18,884.13 -19,025.57 -19,247.45 -19,146.93 -19,675.41 -19,730.30 -19,497.40 -19,128.04 -16,869.93 -18,029.58 -18,207.34 -18,190.32 -18,350.13 -18,211.77 21.20 B. Cropland 14,265.93 14,265.93 14,229.99 14,141.30 14,314.93 14,319.25 14,607.22 14,514.33 14,501.28 14,536.59 14,641.00 14,456.73 14,136.24 13,842.24 13,495.22 13,261.68 12,906.49 12,739.44 12,360.62 12,288.94 12,287.96 12,031.10 11,845.05 11,710.29 11,502.82 11,269.79 11,200.61 11,059.73 10,971.23 -23.09 C. Grassland -7,111.03 -7,111.03 -7,233.27 -7,350.12 -7,464.41 -7,576.21 -7,685.62 -7,792.79 -7,883.80 -8,001.73 -7,388.43 -6,910.25 -6,931.80 -7,098.93 -7,101.62 -7,410.87 -7,436.49 -7,651.44 -7,625.48 -7,762.80 -7,847.94 -7,929.09 -8,190.95 -8,300.86 -8,462.88 -8,433.86 -8,670.11 -8,654.53 -8,861.80 24.62 D. Wetlands 486.95 486.95 489.16 477.07 464.25 576.23 656.46 556.33 487.62 361.26 490.75 480.33 519.67 321.33 558.08 387.49 443.85 463.85 299.71 256.60 294.59 320.58 277.06 218.27 378.76 268.72 319.91 312.66 336.78 -30.84 E. Settlements 7,011.30 7,011.30 6,940.37 6,873.35 6,821.85 6,768.10 6,712.43 6,678.54 6,651.28 6,613.16 6,610.77 6,479.80 6,446.51 6,446.31 6,485.62 6,542.60 6,502.96 6,341.88 6,371.75 6,358.16 6,349.54 6,444.03 6,415.10 6,382.89 6,367.59 6,313.09 6,337.51 6,532.50 6,451.34 -7.99 F. Other land NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 97 Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change -1,639.08 -1,639.08 -1,306.26 -1,221.68 -1,352.11 -1,473.31 -1,663.19 -1,648.27 -1,899.08 -1,808.35 -2,043.21 -2,278.68 -2,288.80 -2,223.23 -2,385.32 -2,448.99 -2,344.46 -2,099.15 -2,293.38 -1,936.79 -1,780.65 -2,083.73 -2,375.18 -3,751.49 -2,620.48 -2,286.20 -2,175.46 -2,166.42 -2,015.60 22.97 H. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 5. Waste 1,300.71 1,300.71 1,283.85 1,284.81 1,228.67 1,021.94 981.69 989.96 588.11 592.95 539.77 532.13 545.11 524.53 501.86 461.16 402.23 284.02 348.88 300.38 276.74 271.02 266.47 264.83 261.48 266.18 248.74 267.20 258.91 -80.09 A.
Solid waste disposal NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE 0.00 1,300.71 1,300.71 1,283.85 1,284.81 1,228.67 1,021.94 981.69 989.96 588.11 592.95 539.77 532.13 545.11 524.53 501.86 461.16 402.23 284.02 348.88 300.38 276.74 271.02 266.47 264.83 261.48 266.18 248.74 267.20 258.91 -80.09 E. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 International bunkers 24,279.10 24,279.10 23,998.83 25,827.59 26,762.39 26,923.62 28,638.21 30,716.66 32,965.16 36,120.03 36,064.47 38,106.32 37,961.86 36,512.14 36,920.21 40,872.25 43,528.29 44,963.06 44,931.53 47,653.94 45,642.63 42,991.83 45,299.02 43,006.45 43,296.11 44,103.42 43,776.95 44,689.25 45,165.66 86.03 Aviation 15,396.48 15,396.48 15,158.55 16,777.33 17,964.68 18,767.68 19,969.59 21,116.06 22,455.69 24,995.53 27,152.83 29,958.65 29,171.57 28,632.29 29,316.38 32,140.57 34,698.54 35,229.10 35,063.09 34,287.07 32,489.27 31,426.37 32,901.72 32,042.06 32,331.03 32,570.26 33,118.80 33,409.14 34,614.12 124.82 Navigation 8,882.62 8,882.62 8,840.28 9,050.26 8,797.71 8,155.94 8,668.63 9,600.60 10,509.47 11,124.50 8,911.64 8,147.67 8,790.29 7,879.85 7,603.83 8,731.68 8,829.74 9,733.96 9,868.44 13,366.87 13,153.36 11,565.45 12,397.30 10,964.39 10,965.08 11,533.16 10,658.15 11,280.11 10,551.54 18.79 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00 2,989.71 2,989.71 3,162.57 3,347.33 3,707.22 5,250.23 5,725.56 6,276.42 6,278.98 6,209.02 6,597.23 6,657.84 7,369.87 7,811.96 9,045.85 10,229.95 11,759.91 12,254.32 12,570.79 15,373.46 16,711.65 19,595.70 19,815.07 21,057.52 25,562.74 29,759.65 34,930.82 37,172.61 39,172.67 1,210.25 CO2 captured NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 Indirect CO2 (3) NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE NO,NE 0.00 601,480.56 601,480.56 609,307.74 593,748.10 579,700.11 575,832.96 567,353.52 589,063.32 562,980.06 568,148.01 561,198.18 567,901.86 576,720.67 560,803.39 572,282.26 573,786.44 570,496.68 568,098.12 559,915.61 545,411.80 494,890.21 512,672.50 470,413.81 488,341.12 478,459.35 439,580.09 423,122.05 400,554.10 388,101.10 -35.48 599,468.36 599,468.36 606,744.11 590,420.33 575,951.10 571,944.94 563,420.61 584,307.35 557,636.58 562,117.81 555,591.24 561,910.30 570,054.02 553,264.94 564,420.42 565,234.23 561,543.46 558,645.24 549,881.92 534,940.50 484,463.41 501,957.99 459,256.84 477,730.28 467,595.57 428,504.30 411,944.19 389,287.91 376,771.27 -37.15 Base year a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change 1. Energy 1,492.98 1,492.98 1,513.42 1,493.51 1,414.52 1,114.64 1,147.84 1,086.02 1,009.19 909.16 800.98 727.13 674.77 644.46 578.62 564.51 492.86 457.84 438.52 422.78 416.75 410.34 392.27 391.26 348.99 332.48 315.63 279.32 280.14 -81.24 126.11 126.11 131.51 123.52 126.23 114.88 98.97 101.19 92.78 89.04 88.56 80.18 78.28 71.07 66.43 63.98 59.31 55.49 54.63 56.46 53.75 58.77 52.59 55.30 58.32 55.40 59.97 62.10 63.22 -49.87

98 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change 1. Energy industries 8.16 8.16 8.25 8.40 8.64 9.87 10.08 10.63 10.43 11.04 11.84 11.45 12.49 13.39 12.98 13.31 13.47 11.71 12.01 12.14 12.36 12.56 11.46 10.96 10.74 11.27 13.18 13.93 15.24 86.81 4.67 4.67 4.79 4.80 4.45 4.70 4.52 4.20 4.10 3.86 3.81 3.61 3.55 3.47 3.60 3.78 3.55 3.54 3.54 3.47 3.28 3.69 3.69 3.54 3.72 4.20 4.35 4.52 4.96 6.29 3. Transport 50.38 50.38 49.68 48.75 45.90 41.64 37.58 35.76 33.00 29.99 27.76 25.17 22.17 19.99 17.67 15.93 14.68 13.32 12.10 10.89 8.05 7.15 6.47 5.82 5.21 4.96 4.72 4.46 4.17 -91.73 4. Other sectors 62.76 62.76 68.68 61.47 67.13 58.56 46.69 50.50 45.16 44.07 45.06 39.88 39.99 34.14 32.10 30.88 27.54 26.81 26.87 29.87 29.98 35.29 30.89 34.91 38.59 34.92 37.68 39.15 38.81 -38.16 5. Other 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 -71.06 1,366.88 1,366.88 1,381.91 1,369.99 1,288.28 999.76 1,048.87 984.83 916.41 820.13 712.42 646.95 596.50 573.39 512.19 500.53 433.55 402.35 383.89 366.32 363.00 351.57 339.68 335.96 290.67 277.08 255.65 217.22 216.92 -84.13 1. Solid fuels 873.07 873.07 897.83 890.36 829.10 550.96 602.52 557.61 534.51 455.34 377.12 324.44 288.14 283.20 233.32 209.56 154.76 139.90 113.44 113.70 109.95 102.27 97.98 98.67 68.18 67.28 55.38 20.26 19.51 -97.77 493.80 493.80 484.08 479.63 459.18 448.81 446.35 427.21 381.90 364.79 335.31 322.51 308.36 290.19 278.87 290.97 278.79 262.45 270.45 252.62 253.05 249.29 241.70 237.29 222.49 209.80 200.27 196.96 197.41 -60.02 2. Industrial processes 10.92 10.92 10.56 11.13 9.94 11.45 9.37 10.44 9.04 7.10 6.18 5.72 5.57 5.72 6.48 5.97 5.16 5.22 5.57 4.30 4.65 4.83 4.34 4.73 5.02 4.89 3.18 3.55 3.12 -71.42 B. Chemical industry 8.20 8.20 8.17 8.77 7.73 9.09 6.98 8.14 6.75 4.90 4.13 3.86 3.77 4.00 4.66 4.17 3.59 3.28 3.63 2.88 3.62 4.00 3.53 3.93 4.11 3.85 2.27 2.87 2.46 -70.03 C. Metal industry 1.48 1.48 1.38 1.45 1.46 1.51 1.54 1.53 1.56 1.49 1.47 1.27 1.23 1.13 1.20 1.20 1.05 1.11 1.05 0.99 0.76 0.56 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.84 0.70 0.45 0.43 -71.05 H. Other 1.24 1.24 1.01 0.90 0.76 0.86 0.85 0.77 0.73 0.71 0.58 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.62 0.61 0.51 0.83 0.88 0.43 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.24 0.24 -81.06 3.
Agriculture 1,223.53 1,223.53 1,209.49 1,209.02 1,202.16 1,205.92 1,194.15 1,209.02 1,199.53 1,202.38 1,196.03 1,156.82 1,096.69 1,077.30 1,084.14 1,093.83 1,081.23 1,063.22 1,053.27 1,022.06 1,010.29 1,015.56 1,010.77 1,007.45 1,008.51 1,027.79 1,032.03 1,031.73 1,035.66 -15.36 A. Enteric fermentation 1,015.70 1,015.70 1,003.62 1,004.91 1,002.05 1,003.91 994.70 1,006.34 996.14 999.04 996.62 966.45 913.82 897.40 906.50 913.68 905.73 887.95 878.35 851.00 840.47 844.77 840.36 837.75 836.16 851.88 855.98 855.44 858.34 -15.49 189.30 189.30 188.23 188.24 189.14 191.08 188.54 192.10 192.60 192.31 188.25 179.55 172.40 169.72 169.11 171.64 166.95 165.75 165.27 161.64 160.80 162.18 161.90 161.34 164.01 167.45 167.76 168.02 169.07 -10.69 C. Rice cultivation NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 D. Agricultural soils NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00 J. Other 11.07 11.07 11.08 11.06 10.81 10.93 10.91 10.59 10.79 11.03 11.16 10.82 10.48 10.19 8.53 8.51 8.56 9.52 9.66 9.42 9.02 8.61 8.52 8.36 8.34 8.45 8.29 8.27 8.25 -25.49 0.64 0.64 0.72 0.57 0.61 0.60 1.10 0.84 0.98 0.78 0.63 1.17 1.13 1.15 2.24 1.18 1.45 1.24 1.65 1.22 1.37 1.40 1.34 2.36 1.00 1.24 0.80 1.34 1.13 77.88 A. Forest land 0.12 0.12 0.20 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.59 0.31 0.41 0.23 0.04 0.13 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.18 0.33 0.33 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.12 0.16 0.74 0.19 0.20 NO,NE, B. Cropland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NO, NE, IE, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -74.10 C. Grassland 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.41 0.41 0.99 0.91 0.92 1.97 0.78 0.91 0.87 1.27 0.86 1.03 1.06 0.97 1.43 0.63 0.90 0.61 0.91 0.71 78.40 D. Wetlands NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA 0.00 E. Settlements 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.22 0.20 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.14 0.18 0.41 0.33 175.14 F. Other land NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 H. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 5. Waste 2,592.19 2,592.19 2,616.47 2,622.70 2,644.06 2,663.62 2,704.41 2,715.19 2,709.94 2,668.77 2,561.73 2,466.35 2,384.72 2,336.15 2,186.35 2,018.99 1,915.16 1,792.52 1,666.45 1,491.01 1,327.28 1,141.19 1,056.90 995.48 872.83 782.26 772.71 745.70 756.45 -70.82 A. Solid waste disposal 2,417.32 2,417.32 2,441.53 2,444.85 2,466.19 2,487.66 2,532.43 2,540.41 2,532.73 2,492.76 2,382.37 2,283.36 2,234.78 2,187.74 2,040.48 1,865.26 1,757.58 1,630.82 1,498.82 1,325.38 1,168.59 979.83 889.53 830.74 706.75 609.60 593.44 565.18 570.46 -76.40

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 99 Base year a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change 0.73 0.73 0.81 0.86 0.92 0.99 1.30 1.62 2.00 3.45 4.08 4.89 7.70 8.37 8.85 11.87 15.44 18.41 21.84 21.76 25.46 29.62 35.02 34.50 36.91 39.72 42.35 45.43 47.74 6482.88 5.39 5.39 5.25 5.00 4.42 3.34 3.19 3.24 1.03 1.01 1.10 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.11 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.83 0.77 0.67 0.51 0.51 0.49 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.42 -92.25 168.76 168.76 168.88 171.99 172.53 171.62 167.50 169.93 174.18 171.55 174.18 177.09 141.21 139.02 135.92 140.93 141.26 142.41 144.96 143.09 132.55 131.23 131.83 129.75 128.72 132.51 136.50 134.67 137.83 -18.33 E. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 5,319.63 5,319.63 5,349.94 5,336.36 5,270.69 4,995.62 5,055.78 5,020.67 4,927.71 4,787.41 4,564.92 4,356.02 4,161.76 4,063.64 3,855.58 3,683.29 3,494.41 3,318.80 3,163.81 2,940.14 2,758.97 2,571.91 2,464.27 2,398.92 2,235.35 2,147.43 2,123.55 2,060.31 2,075.37 -60.99 5,320.26 5,320.26 5,350.66 5,336.93 5,271.30 4,996.22 5,056.88 5,021.51 4,928.68 4,788.20 4,565.55 4,357.19 4,162.90 4,064.79 3,857.82 3,684.47 3,495.85 3,320.04 3,165.46 2,941.37 2,760.34 2,573.31 2,465.61 2,401.28 2,236.35 2,148.67 2,124.34 2,061.64 2,076.50 -60.97 International bunkers 0.47 0.47 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.39 0.39 0.33 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.31 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 -46.71 Aviation 0.34 0.34 0.28 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 -69.86 Navigation 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.15 12.41 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00 Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change 1.
Energy 12.19 12.19 12.18 11.99 11.96 12.51 13.01 12.47 11.94 11.86 11.42 11.39 11.26 11.03 10.64 10.30 10.15 9.99 9.51 8.66 8.03 8.19 8.21 8.90 8.76 8.66 8.79 8.36 8.43 -30.83 12.06 12.06 12.04 11.85 11.80 12.34 12.82 12.27 11.76 11.69 11.25 11.24 11.11 10.89 10.52 10.17 10.00 9.87 9.38 8.55 7.92 8.09 8.07 8.77 8.65 8.54 8.67 8.24 8.30 -31.14 1. Energy industries 4.60 4.60 4.61 4.44 3.98 4.06 4.03 3.95 3.65 3.81 3.47 3.74 4.00 4.11 4.09 3.94 4.04 4.12 3.75 3.55 3.23 3.25 3.30 3.85 3.64 3.36 3.25 2.60 2.52 -45.16 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.06 1.03 1.06 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.92 0.89 0.85 0.85 0.83 0.84 0.88 0.84 0.85 0.84 0.79 0.69 0.73 0.70 0.71 0.65 0.72 0.76 0.78 0.84 -22.42 3. Transport 4.87 4.87 4.80 4.90 5.27 5.84 6.58 6.08 5.99 5.84 5.78 5.63 5.24 5.02 4.69 4.48 4.30 4.08 3.97 3.37 3.17 3.20 3.26 3.34 3.45 3.62 3.80 3.98 4.06 -16.57 4. Other sectors 1.32 1.32 1.41 1.30 1.38 1.24 1.06 1.12 1.04 1.01 1.01 0.92 0.92 0.82 0.78 0.76 0.71 0.69 0.68 0.72 0.71 0.80 0.72 0.78 0.83 0.77 0.81 0.83 0.82 -37.58 5. Other 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06 -70.64 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 -3.60 1. Solid fuels 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -80.62 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 -3.42

100 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change 2. Industrial processes 81.91 81.91 82.47 67.86 55.15 55.08 50.01 49.67 50.27 51.19 19.31 19.94 17.60 12.24 11.46 14.53 12.29 10.42 11.87 11.24 6.58 7.00 3.89 3.07 2.90 2.97 2.85 2.88 2.98 -96.36 B. Chemical industry 79.86 79.86 80.42 65.80 53.10 53.03 47.96 47.66 48.27 49.17 17.29 17.88 15.53 10.17 9.39 12.09 9.51 7.64 8.89 8.10 3.86 4.25 0.67 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.10 0.09 0.13 -99.84 C. Metal industry 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 -65.11 1.99 1.99 2.00 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.94 1.94 1.96 1.96 2.00 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.39 2.73 2.74 2.93 3.11 2.69 2.71 3.18 2.90 2.71 2.80 2.71 2.77 2.83 42.17 H. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 3. Agriculture 57.86 57.86 58.04 56.21 54.73 56.31 56.64 57.35 58.13 57.10 57.46 54.50 51.92 52.02 51.82 50.91 50.18 48.37 47.43 46.85 46.99 47.24 47.54 47.24 47.19 48.97 47.32 47.33 48.24 -16.63 B. Manure management 11.55 11.55 11.51 11.47 11.49 11.55 11.54 11.87 11.99 11.85 11.54 11.18 10.75 10.40 10.43 10.60 10.38 10.22 9.93 9.65 9.56 9.55 9.43 9.36 9.43 9.43 9.40 9.47 9.45 -18.24 D. Agricultural soils 45.67 45.67 45.92 44.18 42.80 44.33 44.67 45.07 45.71 44.82 45.48 42.91 40.77 41.24 41.05 39.96 39.45 37.81 37.15 36.86 37.10 37.37 37.80 37.57 37.45 39.23 37.61 37.56 38.48 -15.75 J. Other 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 -29.53 7.56 7.56 7.51 7.44 7.41 7.37 7.36 7.31 7.28 7.24 7.21 7.01 6.78 6.59 6.49 6.21 6.05 5.87 5.73 5.52 5.37 5.27 5.20 5.20 5.02 4.97 4.85 4.81 4.73 -37.44 A. Forest land 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.56 0.59 0.55 0.54 0.51 0.50 0.49 -37.44 B. Cropland 3.42 3.42 3.41 3.40 3.40 3.39 3.38 3.38 3.37 3.37 3.36 3.18 3.01 2.85 2.70 2.56 2.43 2.30 2.18 2.07 1.96 1.90 1.84 1.79 1.73 1.68 1.64 1.59 1.55 -54.70 C. Grassland 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.17 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.11 221.68 D. Wetlands 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -92.85 E. Settlements 1.96 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.86 1.85 1.84 1.82 1.82 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.80 1.79 1.79 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.78 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.77 1.76 -10.21 F. Other land NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 H. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 5.
Waste 2.83 2.83 2.81 2.92 2.89 2.89 2.92 3.04 3.04 3.12 3.10 3.28 3.32 3.35 3.26 3.39 3.61 3.75 3.92 3.83 4.10 4.39 4.67 4.54 4.61 4.69 4.76 4.89 5.01 77.13 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.21 0.24 0.29 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.71 0.92 1.09 1.30 1.29 1.49 1.74 2.03 1.94 2.05 2.14 2.23 2.33 2.44 5514.00 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.13 -15.08 2.63 2.63 2.61 2.72 2.68 2.70 2.71 2.81 2.82 2.73 2.67 2.79 2.67 2.65 2.54 2.49 2.50 2.46 2.43 2.36 2.43 2.45 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.41 2.44 -7.36 E. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 154.79 154.79 155.50 138.98 124.73 126.80 122.59 122.54 123.37 123.27 91.29 89.11 84.12 78.64 77.19 79.14 76.23 72.53 72.73 70.58 65.71 66.82 64.32 63.76 63.46 65.29 63.72 63.46 64.67 -58.22 162.35 162.35 163.01 146.42 132.14 134.16 129.95 129.84 130.65 130.51 98.49 96.11 90.90 85.22 83.68 85.35 82.28 78.40 78.47 76.11 71.08 72.09 69.51 68.95 68.48 70.25 68.57 68.28 69.39 -57.26

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 101 Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change International bunkers 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.96 0.99 0.98 1.04 1.12 1.21 1.32 1.28 1.34 1.34 1.28 1.29 1.43 1.52 1.58 1.58 1.72 1.66 1.55 1.63 1.54 1.54 1.58 1.55 1.58 1.59 74.71 Aviation 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.53 0.57 0.60 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.93 1.02 1.10 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.00 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.10 124.84 Navigation 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.38 0.41 0.45 0.50 0.53 0.42 0.38 0.41 0.37 0.36 0.41 0.42 0.46 0.47 0.63 0.62 0.55 0.59 0.52 0.52 0.54 0.49 0.52 0.49 16.35 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00 Indirect N2O 14.94 14.94 14.49 14.21 13.43 12.96 12.39 11.92 11.02 10.84 10.25 9.97 9.80 9.30 9.13 8.90 8.84 8.52 8.18 7.40 6.52 6.38 5.97 6.05 5.75 5.38 5.20 4.72 0.36 -97.60 Emissions trends HFCs, PFCs and SF6 Base year a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change from 16,042.95 16,042.95 16,376.19 16,287.99 17,108.43 18,204.85 19,693.07 20,845.79 23,607.87 20,568.40 11,939.96 10,480.99 11,379.19 11,799.85 13,186.29 12,343.59 13,517.51 14,434.67 14,784.69 15,258.26 15,819.79 16,774.22 15,351.21 15,736.15 16,126.74 16,280.72 16,315.00 15,570.00 14,564.29 -9.22 14,391.43 14,391.43 14,991.05 15,597.64 16,505.70 17,593.46 19,096.14 20,249.43 23,104.75 20,074.67 11,466.00 9,884.20 10,893.60 11,391.62 12,829.68 11,909.73 13,132.36 14,047.00 14,496.86 14,992.01 15,622.46 16,486.51 14,934.26 15,481.09 15,808.01 16,002.40 15,987.77 15,216.05 14,192.82 -1.38 HFC-43-10mee NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 100.00 HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.21 0.51 0.83 1.15 1.71 2.29 2.22 2.55 2.89 3.04 3.51 3.71 4.17 4.33 4.39 4.56 4.72 4.76 4.62 4.70 4.72 4.76 4.79 4.77 4.67 591900.78 HFC-143a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.19 0.27 0.36 0.44 0.51 0.58 0.66 0.71 0.77 0.83 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.68 0.62 0.48 0.32 632905.55 HFC-152a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.33 0.35 41208402.77 HFC-227ea NO, IE, NA NO, IE, NA NO, IE, NA NO, IE, NA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 100.00 HFC-236cb NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-236ea NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-236fa NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-245ca NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-245fa NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 100.00 HFC-365mfc NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 100.00 1,651.53 1,651.53 1,385.14 690.35 602.73 611.39 596.94 596.36 503.11 493.73 473.96 596.79 485.59 408.23 356.61 433.85 385.15 387.67 287.84 266.25 197.33 287.71 416.94 255.05 318.74 278.31 327.23 353.94 371.47 -77.51

102 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Base year a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Change from c-C4F8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 407.49 c-C3F6 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 13.45 13.45 13.45 13.52 33.58 60.45 87.32 67.00 25.97 18.00 7.39 9.62 4.21 6.43 1.56 2.52 3.08 2.52 1.53 0.33 0.32 1.08 2.44 2.38 3.95 2.08 3.58 3.80 3.84 -71.43 1,305.31 1,305.31 1,346.64 1,388.22 1,214.71 1,257.12 1,299.96 1,343.14 1,316.14 1,363.09 1,530.12 1,847.78 1,481.62 1,519.52 1,343.38 1,137.47 1,074.26 897.88 852.32 696.10 605.74 702.79 622.21 602.84 522.05 500.32 465.21 490.59 525.41 -59.75 0.42 0.42 0.48 0.55 0.63 0.73 0.83 0.96 1.10 1.27 1.46 1.69 1.03 1.03 0.95 0.59 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.40 0.44 0.48 0.53 27.83

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 103 Description of quantified economy-wide emissions reduction base year Emission reductions target (% of base year/base period) 1990 The emissions reduction target refers to the EU-wide target under the Convention.
The EU proposed a similar target under the Second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (KP), with different treatment of the LULUCF sectors and different geographical coverage for the UK. Legally binding target trajectories for the period 2013-2020 are enshrined in both the EU-ETS Directive (Directive 2003/87/EC and respective amendments) and the Effort Sharing Decision (Decision No 406/2009/EC).
These legally binding trajectories not only result in a 20% GHG reduction in 2020 compared to 1990 but also define the EU’s annual target pathway to reduce EU GHG emissions from 2013 to 2020. The Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) sets annual national emission targets for all Member States for the period 2013-2020 for those sectors not covered by the EU emissions trading system (ETS), expressed as percentage changes from 2005 levels.
In March 2013, the Commission formally adopted the national annual limits throughout the period for each Member State. By 2020, the national targets will collectively deliver a reduction of around 10% in total EU emissions from the sectors covered compared with 2005 levels.
The emission reduction to be achieved from the sectors covered by the EU ETS will be 21% below 2005 emission levels by 2020. The ESD and ETS targets for the UK apply to the UK’s geographical coverage for the EU (GBE), which differs from UK’s geographical coverage under the Kyoto Protocol (GBK), which also differs from the UNFCCC geographical coverage (GBR).
Emission reductions target (% of 1990) 20% Period for reaching target BY-2020 Description of quantified economy-wide emissions reduction base year Gases covered Covered Base Year Aviation Yes In principle, the EU ETS should cover CO2 emissions of all flights arriving at, and departing from, airports in all EU Member States, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein and closely related territories. However, since 2012, flights to and from aerodromes from other countries have not been included in the EU ETS.
This exclusion was taken in order to facilitate negotiation of a global agreement to address aviation emissions in the forum of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). The EU has decided on a reduced scope in the 2013–2016 period (Regulation (EU) No 421/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014) In light of the adoption of a Resolution by the 2016 ICAO Assembly on the global measure, the EU has decided to maintain the geographic scope of the EU ETS limited to intra-EEA flights from 2017 onwards (Regulation (EU) 2017/2392 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2017).
In the absence of an amendment, the EU ETS will revert back to its original full scope from 2024. 104 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction global warming potential values (GWP) Gases covered Covered GWPb reference source Comments CO2 Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation CH4 Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation N2O Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation HFCs Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation PFCs Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation SF6 Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction approach to counting emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector LULUCF in base year level and target excluded Contribution of LULUCF is calculated using Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction market-based mechanisms under the Convention Possible scale of contributions of market -based mechanisms Possible scale of contributions of market-based mechanisms under The 2020 Climate and Energy Package allows Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) to be used for compliance purposes, subject to a number of restrictions in terms of origin and type of project and up to an established limit.
In addition, the legislation foresees the possible recognition of units from new market mechanisms. Under the EU ETS the limit does not exceed 50% of the required reduction below 2005 levels.
In the sectors not covered by the ETS, annual use shall not exceed to 3 % of each Member States’ non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions in 2005. A limited number of Member States may use an additional 1%, from projects in LDCs or SIDS subject to conditions.
CERs 0 The use of these units under the ETS Directive and the Effort Sharing Decision is subject to the limits specified above which do not separate between CERs and ERUs, but include additional criteria for the use ERUs 0 The use of these units under the ETS Directive and the Effort Sharing Decision is subject to the limits specified above which do not separate between CERs and ERUs, but include additional criteria for the use AAUs 0 AAUs for the period 2013-2020 have not yet been determined. The EU expects to achieve its 20% target for the period 2013-2020 with the implementation of the ETS Directive and the ESD Decision in the non- ETS sectors which do not allow the use of AAUs from non-EU Parties.
Carry-over units 0 The time-period of the Convention target is from 1990-2020, no carry-over units will be used to achieve the 2020 target. Other mechanism units under the Convention (specify) There are general provisions in place in the EU legislation that allow for the use of such units provided that the necessary legal arrangements for the creation of such units have been put in place in the EU which is not the case at the point in time of the provision of this report.
Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction other market-based mechanisms Possible scale of contributions of market-based mechanisms 0

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 105 Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction any other information In December 2009, the European Council reiterated the conditional offer of the EU to move to a 30 % reduction by 2020 compared to 1990 levels as part of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2012, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities. Under the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2013 – 2020) the EU has a collective target to reduce its emissions by 20% relative to base year (1990) levels over the period.
The burden sharing agreement, set out for the Doha Amendment, translates efforts agreed under the EU 2020 Climate and Energy Package into the second commitment period of the KP. The Doha Amendment of the Kyoto Protocol has not entered into force and Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) not distributed, however the expected AAUs for the UK have been calculated as indicated in this report.
The calculation of the UK’s Assigned Amount is set out in UK’s Initial Report for the second commitment period, and results in an Assigned Amount of 2,744,937,332 assigned amount units (AAUs) over the commitment period, where one AAU is equivalent to one tCO2eq. 106 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction information on mitigation actions and their effects Brief description Start year of Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including certain categories of renovation and replacement windows and boilers.
Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including certain categories of renovation and replacement windows and boilers. Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including certain categories of renovation and replacement windows and boilers.
Regulatory Implemented The EU Ecodesign Directive by setting minimum performance (respectively) for energy-using products. They aim to take the least efficient products off the market and to give consumers clear energy use-related information to guide their purchasing decisions.
This is implemented through product- Regulatory Implemented The EU Ecodesign Directive by setting minimum performance (respectively) for energy-using products. They aim to take the least efficient products off the market and to give consumers clear energy use-related information to guide their purchasing decisions.
This is implemented through product-

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 107 Brief description Start year of Regulatory Implemented Energy Performance Certificates building is sold, rented out or constructed, and sometimes after information on a building's energy efficiency in a sliding scale from 'A' (very efficient) to 'G' (least efficient). Information Implemented The Carbon Trust provided a range of measures from general advice to in- depth consultancy and accreditation, to reduce emissions and save energy and money to businesses and public sector organisations of all sizes.
Economic Implemented The Carbon Trust provided interest free loans of £3,000 – £400,000 businesses to invest in energy efficiency equipment and renewable technologies. These loans were designed so that in most cases the forecast reduction in energy costs would be similar to the total

108 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Economic Implemented Salix provides interest free loans organisations for energy efficiency schemes.
These loans are intended to provide the capital cost of energy efficiency retrofit work and other measures to be installed. These loans then have a payback period of five years (eight for schools) during which the repayments are met with the energy bill savings from the energy efficiency measures.
Thus, once the loan has been paid off, the organisations continue to benefit from energy savings for the lifetime of these measures. This funding is then recycled once it has been returned to Salix and once again loaned out.
UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy provides the most Warm front* Yes Energy CO2 Efficiency Economic Implemented Warm Front installed heating and insulation measures to make homes warmer and more energy efficient for private sector households in England vulnerable to fuel poverty. The scheme offered a package of heating and insulation measures of up to £3,500 (or £6,000 where oil central heating or other alternative technologies are recommended).
Regulatory Implemented EEC GB wide regulation that required all electricity and gas a combined energy saving of 62 their customers to install energy- efficiency measures in homes. EEC II – energy suppliers with more than 50,000 domestic customers required to deliver a total of 130 TWh lifetime energy use reductions in GB households, primarily through the promotion of energy efficiency regulation that required all domestic energy suppliers with a customer base in excess of 50,000 domestic

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 109 Brief description Start year of CERT extension – increased the targets originally set under CERT by 20% and required domestic energy suppliers with a customer base in excess of 50,000 (later increased to 250,000) to make savings in householders.
The extension also refocused subsidy towards insulation measures and away from electricity saving measures such as low energy lighting – and introduced a super priority group (households in receipt of certain means-tested benefits) to make energy reductions in low income and vulnerable households. regulation that targeted households across Great Britain, in areas of low income, to improve energy efficiency standards, and reduce fuel bills.
CESP was funded by an obligation on larger energy suppliers and also the larger, electricity generators. Implemented The Energy Company Obligation (ECO) is a statutory obligation on energy suppliers with over 250,000 domestic customers and delivering over a certain amount of electricity or gas to make reductions in carbon emissions or achieve heating cost savings in domestic households.
ECO focuses on insulation measures, households. It ran until March 2017.
Implemented The smart metering programme will replace 53 million meters with smart electricity and gas meters in all domestic properties, and smaller non-domestic sites in Great Britain by the end of 2020. Smart meters will deliver consumers with near-real time information on their energy consumption to help them control energy use, so avoiding wasting energy and money.
It will deliver energy networks with better information upon which to manage and plan current activities. Smart meters will also assist the move towards smart grids which support sustainable energy supply and will help reduce the total energy needed

110 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Economic Implemented The Non-Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) provides financial incentives to increase the uptake of renewable heat by businesses, the public sector and non-profit organisations.
Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for 20 years based on the amount of heat generated. The Domestic RHI is a government financial incentive to promote the use of residential renewable heat.
Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for seven years for the estimated amount of renewable heat their system Implemented The CRC (formerly the Carbon trading scheme (launched in 2010). It encourages the uptake of energy efficiency measures in large non- energy intensive private and public energy not covered by the EU ETS or Climate Change Agreements.
It covers 1,800-1,900 large users of energy across the business and public sector. The scheme is split into phases.
Phase 1 ran from 1 April 2010 until 31 March 2014. Phase 2 runs from 1 April 2014 until 31 March 2019.
In the 2016 Spring Budget, the Chancellor announced the closure of the CRC after Phase 2 (i.e. following Implemented Climate Change Agreements offer participating energy-intensive industries a discount from the for meeting targets for emission reductions.
From 2013 these are a 90% discount for electricity and a 65% discount for other fuels. From 2019 this will increase to a 93% discount for electricity and 78% discount for other fuels.
Target levels represent a cap on emissions if we

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 111 Brief description Start year of Implemented A mandatory energy assessment scheme for all large undertakings requirements contained Article 8 of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU). Organisations which but have both an annual turnover exceeding £38.9m and an annual £33.4m, must measure their total energy consumption and carry out audits of the energy used by their buildings, industrial processes and transport to identify cost-effective December 2015 and every four years thereafter.
It is estimated that around 10,000 organisations will participate Regulatory Adopted Extension of the Energy Performance requirement for public buildings Certificates to include buildings Adopted From 1 April 2018 there is a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations came into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1 April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1 April 2020 (1 April 2023 for non-domestic properties).
It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating, unless there is an Regulatory Implemented The 2015 Spending Review announced that ECO will be replaced with a new, lower cost scheme that will run for 5 years (to March 2022) and will tackle the root causes of fuel poverty. The 5-year extension will take place in the two phases, with the ECO Extension (April 2017 – Sept 2018) acting as a bridge between the expired ECO scheme and the new fuel poverty focused scheme, ECO 3, which will run from December 2018

112 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Economic Implemented The Public Sector Energy Efficiency Loans Scheme, managed by Salix Finance Ltd, provides interest-free loans in England to public sector organisations for energy efficiency schemes.
These loans are intended to provide the capital cost of energy efficiency retrofit work and other measures to be installed. These loans have a payback period of five years (eight for schools) during which the repayments are met with the energy bill savings from the energy efficiency measures.
Thus, once the loan has been paid off, the organisation continues to benefit from energy savings for the lifetime of those measures. This funding is then once it has been returned to the Scheme and it is loaned out once again.
BEIS provides the largest amount of funding to the Scheme. Yes Agriculture CH4, N2O Reduction of Implemented The Agricultural Action Plan covers a range of resource-efficiency and reduce emissions to meet UK carbon

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 113 Brief description Start year of Implemented EC Regulation 443/2009 sets fuel efficiency targets for new cars to be achieved by 2015 and 2020.
The regulation translates a fleet average CO2 tailpipe emissions target for new vehicles sold in the EU market into specific targets for individual manufacturers according to the mass of their fleet. Heavy fines are imposed for non-compliance.
The 2021 target is for a fleet the EU, with a transition period fleet must meet the 95g target by are a collection of technologies that could improve 'real world' fuel efficiency of cars which wouldn't be fully captured by the new car CO2 target and which could improve fuel efficiency in the existing fleet. These include gear shift indicators, tyre pressure monitoring systems, more efficient mobile air-conditioning, and low rolling resistance tyres.
EC Regulation 661/2009 sets minimum requirements and introduces labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres. Measures to support the uptake of ultra low emission vehicles include the Plug-in Car and Plug-in Van Grants towards ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) cars and vans, as well as various tax incentives including lower rates for Vehicle Excise infrastructure is directly supported through the Workplace Charging Scheme grants for EV chargepoints for employees and fleets, the Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme grants towards home EV chargepoints and the On-street Residential Charging chargepoints are available every 20 miles on the Strategic Road Network.
Implemented Range of policies aimed at driving afforestation and reforestation. Measures quantified in this group

114 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Implemented EC Regulation 510/2011 sets fuel efficiency targets for new Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) to be Regulation 661/2009 sets minimum requirements and introduces labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres.
The regulation translates a fleet average CO2 tailpipe emissions target for new vehicles sold in the EU market into specific targets for individual manufacturers according to the mass of their fleet. Heavy fines are imposed for non-compliance.
The 2020 target is for a fleet average of 147g CO2 /km and represents a reduction of 19% from the 2012 average. Measures include the car and van grants towards ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) cars and vans, as well as various tax incentives including lower rates for Vehicle Excise Duty and Company Car Tax.
EV infrastructure workplace charging scheme grants for EV chargepoints for employees and fleets, the Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme grants towards home EV chargepoints and the On- street Residential Charging Scheme. Highways England have committed £15m to ensure EV chargepoints are available every 20 miles on the Implemented EC Regulation 661/2009 sets introduces labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres.
Industry range of actions to reduce freight emissions, including the Freight Transport Association's Logistics Carbon Reduction Scheme, which report and reduce emissions from freight. The Mode Shift Revenue Support scheme encourages modal shift from road to rail or inland waterway where the costs are higher than road, and where there are environmental benefits to be gained.
It currently helps to remove around 800,000 lorry journeys a year from Britain's roads. A similar scheme, provide assistance with the operating costs associated with coastal or

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 115 Brief description Start year of Yes Transport CO2 Low carbon fuels/ Economic Implemented The Green Bus Fund (GBF) allowed bus companies and local authorities in England to compete for funds to help them buy new low carbon emission buses.
The four rounds of the fund, which ran from 2009- 2014, replaced by the Low Emission Bus Fund (LEBS) which offered £30m for bus operators and local authorities across England and Wales to bid for low emission buses and supporting infrastructure. This scheme funding is open from 2016-2019 and the successful bidders were announced in July 2016, adding more than 300 extra low emission buses to fleets.
Yes Transport CO2 Low carbon fuels/ Regulatory Implemented The RTFO set a 4.75% target for biofuel use by diesel and petrol suppliers to be achieved by 2014. Targets are by volume rather than Renewables Directive (2009/28/EC).
Yes Transport CO2 Low carbon fuels/ Regulatory Implemented This policy sets enhanced overall targets of 9.75% (by volume) for biofuel use by diesel and petrol suppliers by 2020 and at least 12.4% in 2032. It implements the EU Renewables Directive (2009/28/EC) as amended by the ILUC Directive Yes Transport CO2 Modal shift to Economic Implemented £600m of capital and revenue sustainable travel investments by Local Government.
The projects included promoting public transport, encouraging uptake of cycling and walking, and raising awareness of the alternative transport modes available to commuters and residents Awards funding of £65m (2015/16) and £20m p.a. (2016/17 to 2019/20) available for

116 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Yes Transport CO2 Improved transport Other (Other) Implemented Major programme of rail electrification underway to replace older diesel trains with modern, low-emission electric trains.
This means that operators are contractually obliged to meet emissions levels based on running modern electric rather than diesel traction. Trans Pennine Express (TPE) and Northern are per vehicle km respectively where contracted based on electrification schemes.
Reducing electric trains tend to be cheaper to buy, operate and maintain than diesels. They are also lighter so do less damage to the track.
So whilst there is clearly a large capital cost associated with installing new electrification infrastructure, this can be compensated over time by the lower operational costs of electric trains. Increasing capacity and reliability and reducing journey electric trains tend to outperform equivalent diesels in terms of reliability, acceleration and carrying capacity.
Reducing environmental electric trains are quieter and more carbon efficient than diesels and zero emission at point of use which helps with local air quality. Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Implemented Set an annual obligation on electricity suppliers to produce a proportion of their generation from renewable sources.
Targets can be met by renewable generation that accrue Renewable Energy Certificate (ROCs) or by paying a ‘fine’ into the RO Buy Out Fund, which is then redistributed to other energy suppliers who have Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Implemented Feed-in Tariffs (FITs) support communities and individuals to generate low-carbon electricity using small-scale (5 MW or less total installed capacity) systems. Electricity suppliers are obliged to pay the regulated tariffs to eligible generators.
Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 117 Brief description Start year of Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Economic Implemented Offers Contracts for Difference (CfDs) in the electricity generation market for low carbon and renewable sources, are due to be phased out to new capacity from 2017). Current policy offers CfD for new capacity through choose to hold them.
There is also a bilateral negotiation underway for Hinkley point C Nuclear plant. No Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Economic Planned Planned continuation of Contracts for Difference (CfDs) for new low carbon Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Fiscal Implemented The Carbon Price Floor (CPF) is designed to further reduce the use of emission-intensive fossil fuels and increase the proportion of electricity generation and supply from low Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Implemented It sets an emissions target (cap) for installations covered by the system (across the EU), with the carbon price, and therefore where emissions can be reduced most cheaply.
It guarantees that total emissions in the sectors covered will not exceed the cap set, and in doing so drives investments in low-carbon technologies, leading to cutting emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases at least Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Implemented Combined impact of electricity supply and decarbonisation policies. Measures quantified in this group

118 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Implemented Voluntary Code and associated domestic woodland carbon schemes to encourage private sector funding for woodland creation projects.
for businesses in Government’s Environmental Reporting Guidelines. Implemented Revised (2017) national standard for sustainable forest management, previously revised in 2011 to include a new guideline on climate change, Implemented Industry-led action plan announced (2013) which aspires to encourage businesses to invest in woodland creation and sustainable forest Economic Implemented Woodland creation grants provided Yes Energy CO2 Increasing biomass Implemented Initiative to develop supply chains, harvesting/processing and woodland access, to increase woodfuel supply Yes Agriculture N2O Reduction of fertilizer/ Implemented This ensures improved compliance with the Nitrate Directive (91/676/ EEC).
Designated revised "Nitrate Vulnerable Zones" (NVC) established to reduce nitrate pollution to water in each NVC. It includes also code of good practice for areas outside Yes Agriculture N2O Activities improving Implemented Delivers practical solutions and targeted support to enable farmers and land managers to take voluntary action to reduce diffuse water pollution from agriculture to protect water bodies and the environment.
Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 119 Brief description Start year of Soils For Profit* Yes Agriculture N2O Activities improving Education Implemented Provides on farm reviews and training on soils manures and nutrients. The Yes Agriculture N2O Activities improving Economic Implemented Provides income foregone support under Pillar 2 of the CAP for farmers to undertake management options that benefit biodiversity, resource Implemented There are a number of waste measures with the aim of increasing recycling/reuse and reduce harmful Directive (2008/98/EC): is the general governing the separate collection of waste.
The Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and the UK Landfill set rules governing the disposal of waste to landfill, an escalating tax on biodegradable waste. There are other waste measures targeting other waste streams, such as the Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/ EC).
The overall effect is reducing landfill of biodegradable waste and Regulatory Implemented This regulation implements obligations under the Montreal 1005/2009/EC on ozone depleting substances. With the exemption of some critical use exemptions, CFCs, HCFCs and halon use is banned.
Most ozone depleting substances are potent greenhouse gases, so reductions in their use protects both

120 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Regulatory Implemented This introduced a 79% phase down in the quantities of hydrofluorocarbons that can be placed on the EU market and was delivered via a gradually reducing quota system; a number of bans on the use of certain F gases in some new equipment; a ban on for the servicing of certain types of refrigeration equipment; and some strengthening of obligations in the 2007 regulation relating to leak checking, repairs, F gas recovery and Implemented The Climate Change Levy (CCL) was introduced in 2001. It is levied on the supply of energy to business and public sector consumers to incentivise them to reduce energy consumption.
Each of the four main (electricity, gas, solid fuels, and liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]) has its own main rate per unit of energy. Eligible energy-intensive industries CCL through CCAs, or be exempt from the CCL (for mineralogical/ metallurgical processes).
Budget 2016 announced that CCL rates will increase from April 2019, moving to an electricity-to-gas ratio of 2.5:1 compared to the previous 2.9:1 ratio. In the longer term, the Government intends to rebalance the rates further, reaching a ratio of 1:1 by 2025.
CCL rates to April 2022 were announced at Budget 2018, however changes between 2022 and 2025, as well as the rates from 2025 onwards, have Planned The Government is required to report to the European Commission by June 2017 to demonstrate that UK building standards for energy performance remain ‘cost optimal’. Cost-optimal energy performance means that the lifetime cost-benefit analysis is positive.
Minimum energy performance requirements must be compared against calculated cost- optimal levels using the Comparative

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 121 Brief description Start year of Regulatory Implemented The EU Ecodesign Directive by setting minimum performance (respectively) for energy-using products. They aim to take the least efficient products off the market and to give consumers clear energy use-related information to guide their purchasing decisions.
This is implemented through product- Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Implemented Increases Renewable Obligation (RO) targets in electricity supply so as meet the UK’s overall renewables target for 2020 as set out in the Yes Energy CO2 Increase in renewable Economic Implemented Part of the Government’s Electricity security of electricity supply by encouraging investments in electricity Economic Implemented The heat networks investment project (HNIP) is a capital funding scheme encourage the development of heat networks. The scheme will be open for applications from heat networks for up to three years and allocate commercialisation and construction process.
The key objective of the project is to build a sustainable market for heat networks to support the decarbonisation of heat in buildings, helping the UK reach the Regulatory Implemented Strong regulatory framework that controls felling. It only allows deforestation for purposes of nature afforestation of deep peat.
Legislation

122 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Information Implemented Natural England published the Strategy for the Restoration of Blanket Bog in England in 2015. The approach sets out the extent, nature and importance of the blanket bog resource across England and what is currently being done to conserve it, as well as setting out the required delivery to achieve an improvement in site condition across the resource at Information Implemented The Sustainable Growing Media Taskforce was set up to look at ways in which the barriers to the use of peat alternatives could be overcome.
response to the Task Force’s report and draft roadmap in 2013 which set out where our resources will be Regulatory Implemented According to the UK's draft integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), 3 out of 12 Nature Improvement Areas (NIA, 2012) are focussed on peatland restoration. 47% England’s wetlands are protected by Sites of Special Implemented A UK Voluntary Code to encourage and support private sector funding for peatland restoration projects.
science to give business supporters confidence that their financial contribution is making a measurable Economic Implemented Woodland creation grants provided Regulatory Implemented Good Agricultural and Environmental minimum soil cover, to maintain soil organic matter and to minimise erosion. Implementation of the Nitrates Directive Retention of permanent pasture (up to 2014 – now Economic Implemented The Woodland Carbon Fund is an exchequer-funded grant to support the creation of large-scale productive

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 123 Brief description Start year of Implemented Grant to support the planning of large-scale productive woodlands, compliant with the UK Forestry Regulatory Implemented As transposed into UK law, the IED replaced the LCPD from 1 January 2016 with similar (although more stringent) provisions set out in chapter III of the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) (IED).
Those provisions apply in respect to any January 2013. Three compliance routes are available to generating plants; to abate emissions and comply with more stringent limits by 2020; to comply with less stringent limits but face a 1,500 hour per year load factor constraint; or to close by Regulatory Implemented The Large Combustion Plant sets limits on emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust greater.
This has now been replaced by the Industrial Emissions Directive. Regulatory Implemented Obtain consent before improving cultivated for 15 years or more (Environmental Impact Assessment/ EIA).
Select a range of Ecological Focus Area (EFA) measures to meet new relevant actions include enhanced buffer strips, cover crops and growing N-fixing crops Regulatory Planned UK legislation requiring heat network operators to submit data on networks and to install heat meters/heat cost allocators in buildings on networks unless it is not cost-effective to do so. The amendments will revise the cost-effectiveness methodology and address ambiguities in the existing

124 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Brief description Start year of Regulatory Implemented The 2015 Spending Review announced that ECO will be replaced with a new, lower cost scheme that will run for 5 years (to March 2022) and will tackle the root causes of fuel poverty.
The 5-year extension will take place in the two phases, with the ECO Extension (April 2017 – Sept 2018) acting as a bridge between the expired ECO scheme and the new fuel poverty focused scheme, ECO 3, which will run from December 2018 Regulatory Implemented The policy objectives are to deliver additional energy and carbon savings from the domestic heating sector in England by lowering overall gas demand from domestic properties. It aims to do this by increasing the deployment of devices which increase the efficiency of domestic heating systems, through controls and measures to make gas boilers heat homes more efficiently.
The policy instrument is a technical standard set through statutory Regulations framework. This requires existing households in England to install an additional energy saving measure from a choice list at the point of installing a new or replacement combi gas boiler in an Implemented The policy aims increase industry confidence to invest in the technology potential to recover heat from industrial processes, and increase the deployment of such technologies centres in England and Wales.
It establishes a fund for feasibility studies that examine the potential for industrial businesses to adopt heat recovery technologies and a fund to subsidise the deployment of heat

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 125 Brief description Start year of Adopted SECR is a reporting framework which obligates all large (as defined by the Companies Act 2006) UK registered companies to report their energy use and associated emissions relating to electricity, gas and transport in their annual reports. Companies will also be required to provide an intensity metric and disclose any energy efficiency actions undertaken during the reporting period.
Quoted required to report their global energy * Indicates that a mitigation action has been included in the ‘with measures’ projection. [1] – This action is not quantified in isolation, but its impact is included in the emission savings for ‘New Energy Supply Policies’.
[2] – This action is not quantified in isolation, but its impact is included in the emission savings for ‘Forestry Policies’. 126 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Year Base year (1990) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Comment Total emissions excluding LULUCF 797,947.89 614,360.62 567,160.79 583,652.53 569,901.74 529,502.81 511,980.26 487,034.99 474,346.12 Total GHG including domestic aviation, indirect CO2, excluding LULUCF, excluding international aviation Contribution from LULUCF (kt CO2 eq) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Not Numbers for LULUCF are not reported because this sector is not included under the Convention target Quantity of units from market based mechanisms under the Convention1 (number of units and kt CO2 eq ) NA NO NO NO NO NO 2,003,378.00 units NO NO NO is not no units were Quantity of units from other market based mechanisms (number of units NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Not No “other” market based (1) In 2015 there were a significant number of AAUs retired as part of the compliance procedure for the first Kyoto Protocol true-up period.
Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets – further information on mitigation actions relevant to the counting of emissions and removals from the land use, land - use change and forestry sector in relation to activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto Protocol GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK ACTIVITIES Base year Net emissions/removalse Accounting Accounting Quantityi 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Totalg Parametersh A.1. Afforestation/reforestation -1,208.95 -1,485.40 -1,817.48 -2,138.66 -2,440.76 -9,091.25 -9,091.25 Excluded emissions from natural disturbances NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Excluded subsequent removals from land subject to A.2.
Deforestation 1,212.44 1,325.05 1,249.48 1,610.47 1,439.05 6,836.49 6,836.49 B.1. Forest management -91,468.46 -3,208.46 Net emissions/removalse -19,097.08 -18,660.53 -18,247.14 -17,985.44 -17,478.27 -91,468.46 Excluded emissions from natural disturbances NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Excluded subsequent removals from land subject to Any debits from newly established forest (CEF-ne) NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Forest management reference level (FMRL) -8,268.00 Technical corrections to FMRL -9,384.00 Forest management capl 224,517.59 -3,208.46 B.2.
Cropland management (if elected) 14,401.10 13,025.57 12,818.23 12,773.90 12,656.12 12,589.48 63,863.29 -8,142.20 B.3. Grazing land management (if elected) -6,768.73 -5,558.15 -5,603.80 -5,675.97 -5,724.53 -5,789.73 -28,352.18 5,491.47 B.4. Revegetation (if elected) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA B.5. Wetland drainage and rewetting (if elected) NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 127 Units of market based mechanisms Year Kyoto Protocol unitsd Kyoto Protocol units (number of units) NO NO Other unitsd Units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention (number of units) Units from other market-based mechanisms (number of units) Total (number of units) NO NO AAUs = assigned amount units, CERs = certified emission reductions, ERUs = emission reduction units, lCERs = long-term certified emission reductions, tCERs = temporary certified emission reductions, NO =not occurring, 2019 is the latest reporting year. a Reporting by a developed country Party on the information specified in the common tabular format does not prejudge the position of other Parties with regard to the treatment of units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention or other market-based mechanisms towards achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets. b For each reported year, information reported on progress made towards the emission reduction target shall include, in addition to the information noted in paragraphs 9(a-c) of the reporting guidelines, on the use of units from market-based mechanisms. c Parties may include this information, as appropriate and if relevant to their target. d Units surrendered by that Party for that year that have not been previously surrendered by that or any other Party. 128 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projection analysis a Key Underlying assumptions Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 EU ETS carbon price EUR/EUA, 2018 prices NO NO NO 22.78 16.35 14.56 8.1 4.82 6.32 8.11 5.92 15.2 18.97 45.73 45.73 Electricity generation carbon price – includes Carbon Price Support Levy EUR/EUA, 2018 prices NO NO NO 22.78 16.35 14.56 8.1 9.52 17.37 31.31 26.78 34.76 35.6 45.73 106.4 Pound Sterling to Euro exchange rate EUR per GBP 1.52 1.52 1.64 1.46 1.17 1.15 1.23 1.18 1.24 1.38 1.14 1.1 1.07 1.07 1.07 Pound Sterling to US Dollars exchange rate USD per GBP 1.79 1.58 1.52 1.82 1.55 1.6 1.59 1.56 1.65 1.53 1.29 1.38 1.42 1.42 1.42 UK GDP growth rate per cent/per annum NO NO NO 3.15 1.71 1.64 1.45 2.05 2.95 2.35 1.66 1.29 2.09 2.32 2.32 Crude oil – Brent 1 month GBP/bbl, 2018 prices 22.98 16.54 26.54 37.65 59.07 77.45 77.6 75.31 63.79 37.11 43.48 51.95 54.66 59.56 59.56 Coal – CIF ARA GBP/tonne, 2018 prices 42.12 43.25 33.52 41.81 67.93 85.13 63.74 56.65 48.33 38.48 66.4 62.05 60.26 60.97 60.97 Gas – NBP GBP/therm, 2018 prices NE NE 8.61 17.4 16.29 21.33 22.48 25.03 18.08 15.49 15.59 16.38 19.11 21.5 21.5 Number of households millions 22.64 23.54 24.39 25.34 26.32 26.52 26.71 26.94 27.21 27.48 28.03 28.81 30.04 31.23 32.33 Population thousands 57,237.5 58,024.8 58,886.1 60,413.3 62,759.5 63,285.1 63,705 64,105.7 64,596.8 65,110 66,040.2 67,254.54 68,927.52 70,369.95 71,588.73 NE = not estimated, NO = not occurring. Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 129 Information on updated greenhouse gas projections under a ‘with existing measures’ scenario GHG Emissions & Removals3 GHG Projections Sector Base Year1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 Energy Supply2 279,115 279,115 239,433 222,971 232,773 208,822 146,699 113,921 70,865 60,345 57,650 46,451 Business2 114,207 114,207 112,022 115,756 109,307 94,434 85,374 80,445 82,876 72,963 69,408 68,912 Industrial Processes2 59,938 59,938 50,825 27,095 20,568 12,643 12,719 10,837 10,655 9,786 9,427 9,180 Transport2 129,612 129,612 131,101 134,886 137,757 126,131 125,095 127,490 116,538 109,663 105,425 102,815 Residential2 80,305 80,305 81,910 89,058 86,110 87,925 67,795 67,371 68,340 70,727 73,516 77,616 Public2 13,498 13,498 13,277 12,105 11,174 9,469 7,972 7,819 6,977 6,951 7,491 7,814 Agriculture2 54,406 54,406 53,339 50,716 48,203 44,936 45,448 45,907 44,545 42,452 41,604 41,241 LULUCF2 255 255 -1,711 -3,875 -7,115 -9,110 -9,712 -9,893 -15,634 -14,015 -10,575 -8,139 Waste2 66,891 66,891 69,405 63,115 49,289 30,014 20,889 20,566 16,687 14,743 13,835 13,279 CO2 Emissions including Net CO2 from LULUCF 599,468 599,468 563,421 561,910 561,543 501,958 411,944 376,771 321,707 300,750 300,184 294,173 CO2 excluding Net CO2 from LULUCF 601,481 601,481 567,354 567,902 570,497 512,672 423,122 388,101 338,888 316,485 312,596 304,199 CH4 Emissions including Net CH4 from LULUCF 133,029 133,029 126,462 108,946 87,412 64,347 53,119 51,923 47,422 44,188 42,252 41,315 CH4 excluding Net CH4 from LULUCF 133,013 133,013 126,435 108,917 87,376 64,312 53,099 51,895 47,387 44,156 42,225 41,292 N2O Emissions including Net N2O from LULUCF 48,380 48,380 38,725 28,642 24,518 21,483 20,435 20,679 20,756 20,542 20,159 20,087 N2O excluding Net N2O from LULUCF 46,128 46,128 36,531 26,554 22,716 19,913 18,989 19,271 19,244 18,855 18,349 18,224 HFCs 14,391 14,391 19,096 9,884 13,132 16,487 15,988 14,193 11,159 7,316 4,328 2,688 PFCs 1,652 1,652 597 597 385 288 327 371 354 354 354 354 Total with LULUCF 798,226 798,226 749,600 711,827 688,066 605,265 502,278 464,463 401,849 373,616 367,783 359,169 Total without LULUCF 797,970 797,970 751,312 715,701 695,181 614,375 511,990 474,356 417,483 387,631 378,358 367,308 2 UK National Communications sectors 3 GHG Emissions & Removals are reported for UNFCCC coverage from the latest (2019) inventory Numbers are reported on UNFCCC coverage and as such will not precisely match nationally published equivalents.
130 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Information on updated greenhouse gas projections under a ‘with additional measures’ scenario GHG Emissions & Removals3 GHG Projections Sector Base Year1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 Energy Supply2 279,115 279,115 239,433 222,971 232,773 208,822 146,699 113,921 70,528 61,236 54,140 40,269 Business2 114,207 114,207 112,022 115,756 109,307 94,434 85,374 80,445 82,833 72,869 69,355 68,793 Industrial Processes2 59,938 59,938 50,825 27,095 20,568 12,643 12,719 10,837 10,652 9,783 9,423 9,182 Transport2 129,612 129,612 131,101 134,886 137,757 126,131 125,095 127,490 116,538 109,659 105,430 102,867 Residential2 80,305 80,305 81,910 89,058 86,110 87,925 67,795 67,371 68,342 70,581 73,363 77,458 Public2 13,498 13,498 13,277 12,105 11,174 9,469 7,972 7,819 6,977 6,951 7,492 7,818 Agriculture2 54,406 54,406 53,339 50,716 48,203 44,936 45,448 45,907 44,545 42,448 41,605 41,251 LULUCF2 255 255 -1,711 -3,875 -7,115 -9,110 -9,712 -9,893 -15,634 -14,015 -10,575 -8,139 Waste2 66,891 66,891 69,405 63,115 49,289 30,014 20,889 20,566 16,687 14,743 13,835 13,279 CO2 Emissions including Net CO2 from LULUCF 599,468 599,468 563,421 561,910 561,543 501,958 411,944 376,771 321,328 301,385 296,476 287,802 CO2 excluding Net CO2 from LULUCF 601,481 601,481 567,354 567,902 570,497 512,672 423,122 388,101 338,509 317,120 308,889 297,828 CH4 Emissions including Net CH4 from LULUCF 133,029 133,029 126,462 108,946 87,412 64,347 53,119 51,923 47,420 44,189 42,248 41,307 CH4 excluding Net CH4 from LULUCF 133,013 133,013 126,435 108,917 87,376 64,312 53,099 51,895 47,386 44,157 42,220 41,283 N2O Emissions including Net N2O from LULUCF 48,380 48,380 38,725 28,642 24,518 21,483 20,435 20,679 20,755 20,546 20,155 20,075 N2O excluding Net N2O from LULUCF 46,128 46,128 36,531 26,554 22,716 19,913 18,989 19,271 19,243 18,859 18,345 18,213 HFCs 14,391 14,391 19,096 9,884 13,132 16,487 15,988 14,193 11,159 7,316 4,328 2,688 PFCs 1,652 1,652 597 597 385 288 327 371 354 354 354 354 Total with LULUCF 798,226 798,226 749,600 711,827 688,066 605,265 502,278 464,463 401,468 374,256 364,067 352,777 Total without LULUCF 797,970 797,970 751,312 715,701 695,181 614,375 511,990 474,356 417,102 388,271 374,642 360,916 2 UK National Communications sectors 3 GHG Emissions & Removals are reported for UNFCCC coverage from the latest (2019) inventory NA = not applicable Numbers are reported on UNFCCC coverage and as such will not precisely match nationally published equivalents. Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 131 Provision of public financial summary information in 2017 Allocation channels Domestic currency (£m) USD ($m) Core/general Climate-specific Core/general Climate-specific Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Other Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Other "Total contributions through multilateral channels 1,783.43 154.3 2,295.28 198.58 Multilateral climate change funds 31.5 154.3 40.54 198.58 Other multilateral climate change funds Multilateral financial institutions, including regional 1,636.78 Specialised United Nations bodies 115.15 148.21 Total contributions through bilateral, regional and other 375.44 372.91 -0.11 483.13 479.94 -0.17 Total climate specific by funding type (total for mitigation, 1,783.43 adaptation, crosscutting, other) 375.44 372.91 154.19 2,295.29 483.13 479.94 198.41 Total climate specific finance 902.54 1,161.48 2017 Exchange rate $1 = £0.777 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries) Provision of information on definitions or methodologies used for reporting information in the following reporting 1: Core/general The UK has reported the core contributions it has made to the listed multilaterals, plus some other contributions. These contributions are to the core budget and the UK cannot specify these as climate specific. 2: Climate-specific "The UK has reported climate specific contributions through multilateral channels. For the Green Climate Fund, we have counted 100% of our contribution as climate specific. For the Global Environment Facility, this has a wider remit than climate and therefore have accounted for this in the amount scored as climate specific. For the purposes of reporting we have scored these climate specific contributions as split 50% Our contributions through other channels are identfied as climate specific as they are funded from the UK's dedicated ring fence of climate finance with clear climate change objectives. The business cases for these programmes are scrutnised to ensure they comply with these Building on the provision of £3.87 billion in International Climate Finance (ICF) between 2011/12- 2015/16, the UK has committed to further scale up climate finance to at least £5.8 billion between 2016/17-2020/21. This represents a new, dedicated climate commitment which is additional to historic (ODA) levels and has not diverted funds from existing development spending. " 3: Status – disbursed and committed The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘committed’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to the 4: Funding source The UK has reported annual spend from its International Climate Finance (ICF) – a dedicated ring fence of the UK's ODA budget for climate 5: Financial instrument The UK has provided the majority of it's climate finance via grants. The exceptions to this are four bilateral contributions that are marked as equity and one bilateral contribution marked as loan/equity. The spend for these instruments is accounted for in accordance with OECD-DAC 6: Type of support All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals.
We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the reported 7: Sector The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the

132 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Provision of public financial summary information in 2018 Allocation channels Domestic currency (£m) USD ($m) Core/general Climate-specific Core/general Climate-specific Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Other Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Other Total contributions through multilateral channels 2,374.25 217.29 3,167.00 289.86 Multilateral climate change funds 31.5 214.66 42.00 286.21 Other multilateral climate change funds 6.5 8.67 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional Specialised United Nations bodies 123.82 2.73 165.09 3.64 Total contributions through bilateral, regional and other 487.22 460.26 3.80 649.62 613.66 5.06 Total climate specific finance 1,168.67 1,558.19 2018 Exchange rate $1 = £0.750 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries) Provision of information on definitions or methodologies used for reporting information in the following reporting 1: Core/general The UK has reported the core contributions it has made to the listed multilaterals, plus some other contributions. These contributions are to the core budget and the UK cannot specify these as climate specific. 2: Climate-specific "The UK has reported climate specific contributions through multilateral channels. For the Green Climate Fund, we have counted 100% of our contribution as climate specific. For the Global Environment Facility, this has a wider remit than climate and therefore have accounted for this in the amount scored as climate specific. For the purposes of reporting we have scored these climate specific contributions as split 50% Our contributions through other channels are identfied as climate specific as they are assessed as having clear climate change objectives. Building on the provision of £3.87 billion in International Climate Finance (ICF) between 2011/12- 2015/16, the UK committed to further scale up climate finance to at least £5.8 billion between 2016/17-2020/21. Since parties to the UNFCCC committed to providing new and additional fast-start finance from 2010, the scale up in climate finance has been accompanied by a significant scale up in UK ODA from £7.3 billion in 2009 to £14.6 billion in 2018. UK Climate Finance committments therefore represents a new, dedicated climate commitment which is additional to historic ODA levels. We have furthered this commitment through a recent announcement of £11.6bn in ICF from 2021-2025." 3: Status – disbursed and committed The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘committed’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to 4: Funding source The UK has reported annual spend from its ODA budget that it has assessed as having clear climate change objectives. 5: Financial instrument The UK has provided the majority of it's climate finance via grants. The exceptions to this are five bilateral contributions that are marked as equity and one bilateral contribution marked as loan/grant. The spend for these instruments is accounted for in accordance with OECD-DAC requirements 6: Type of support All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals. We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the reported spend. 7: Sector The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the year. Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 133 Provision of public financial contribution through multilateral channels in 2017 Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial instrument Type of support Sector Core/genera Climate specific Provided ODA OOF Other Grant Mitigation Energy Domestic USD ($m) Domestic currency US Multilateral climate change funds 1. Global Environment Facility 31.5 40.54 31.5 40.54 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Not applicable 2. Least Developed Countries Fund 3. Special Climate Change Fund 5. Green Climate Fund 122.8 158.04 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Not applicable 6. UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities 7. Other multilateral climate change funds i) Global Green Growth Insitute ii) Climate Investment Funds- Clean Technology Fund Sub-total 31.5 40.54 154.3 198.58 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development 1. World Bank 1,330.41 1,712.24 Committed ODA Grant/Loan Not applicable 2. International Finance Corporation 3. African Development Bank 176.39 227.02 Committed ODA Grant Not applicable 4. Asian Development Bank 125.48 161.49 Committed ODA Grant Not applicable 5. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 6. Inter-American Development Bank 7. Other 4.50 5.79 Committed ODA Grant Not applicable Specialised United Nations bodies 1. United Nations Development Programme (specific 55.00 70.79 Committed ODA Grant Not applicable 2. United Nations Environment Programme (specific 3. Other 60.15 77.42 Committed ODA Grant Not applicable Total 1,783.44 2,295.28 154.30 198.58

134 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Provision of public financial contribution through multilateral channels in 2018 Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial instrument Type of support Sector Core/general Climate specific Provided Multilateral climate change funds 1. Global Environment Facility 31.5 42.00 12.70 16.93 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 2. Least Developed Countries Fund 3. Special Climate Change Fund 5. Green Climate Fund 195.46 260.61 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 6. UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities 7. Other multilateral climate change funds 6.5 8.67 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified i) Global Green Growth Insitute ii) Climate Investment Funds- Clean Technology Fund Sub-total 31.50 42.00 214.66 286.21 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development 1. World Bank 1,944.13 2,592.17 Committed ODA Grant/Loan Unspecified 2. International Finance Corporation 3.
African Development Bank 152.82 203.77 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified 4. Asian Development Bank 27.50 36.67 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified 5. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 6. Inter-American Development Bank 7. Other 95.48 1,27.30 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified Specialised United Nations bodies 1. United Nations Development Programme (specific 55.00 73.33 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified 2. United Nations Environment Programme (specific 3. Other 68.82 91.76 2.73 3.64 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified Sub-total 123.82 165.10 2.73 3.64 Total 2,375.25 3,167.01 217.39 289.85

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 135 Provision of public financial contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels 2017 Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters 37.84 48.70 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment To help up to 10 million people, especially women and children, in developing countries cope with extreme climate and weather events such as droughts, cyclones and floods (climate extremes). This will be achieved by doing three things. By making grants to civil society organisations to scale up proven technologies and practices in the Sahel, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that help people withstand, and more quickly recover, from climate extremes. By identifying the best ways of doing this, and share this knowledge globally to increase the programme’s overall impact. By supporting national governments to strengthen their policies and actions to respond to climate extremes. These will all contribute to the Millennium Development Goals on the eradication poverty and hunger, and environmental sustainability, and also respond to the Humanitarian and Emergency Response Review recommendation that DFID should integrate the threat from climate change into a Disaster Risk Reduction. Africa and South Asia (2015-2018) 33.60 43.24 Committed ODA Equity Mitigation Banking & Financial To enable CDC to scale up its activity of investing and lending to support the building of businesses in developing countries, to create jobs and make a lasting difference to people’s lives in some of the world's poorest places. CDC is DFID’s main vehicle for investing in private companies in Africa and South Asia. CDC encourages capital investments, including in climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, from other private investors by being a first mover, demonstrating to other investors that commercial returns are possible in these frontier markets, and by sharing risk and expertise. The additional equity from DFID will enable CDC to meet demand for capital in its target markets and allow CDC to sustain a higher volume of more developmental investments across priority regions and business sectors Productive Safety Net Programme 31.82 40.95 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To reduce hunger, improve livelihoods and reduce the risk of famine in rural Ethiopia by (i) providing cash and food transfers, livelihoods advice and access to microfinance to 1.2 million extremely poor Ethiopians and (ii) creating local infrastructure which reverses environmental degradation and improves access to markets and basic services. 85% of participant households receive transfers as wages for labour on public works projects (including 32,000 km of hillside terraces, 3,000 km of rural roads and 400 new or expanded schools); while the remainder (the elderly, those with disabilities, and pregnant women) receive cash and / or food without a labour requirement. This programme contributes towards national and international development goals and DFID’s own targets for reducing poverty and hunger and for building household resilience to climate change and other shocks. Forest Governance, Markets and 15.67 20.17 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry A global programme supporting governance and market reforms aimed at reducing the illegal use of forest resources, benefitting poor forest-dependent people and promoting sustainable growth in developing countries. Forest Governance, Markets and 15.67 20.17 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Forestry A global programme supporting governance and market reforms aimed at reducing the illegal use of forest resources, benefitting poor forest-dependent people and promoting sustainable growth in developing countries. Africa Division funding to the African Agriculture Development Company 17.72 22.81 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture AgDevCo is a specialised investor and project developer focused exclusively on early stage Small and Medium Enterprise agribusiness in Sub Saharan Africa. AgDevCo deploys patient capital and technical assistance to build profitable businesses that contribute to food security, drive economic growth and create jobs and income in rural areas and contribute to farmers’ resilience to climate change. It currently operates in Sierra Leone, Ghana, Rwanda, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. Building Resilience in the Sahel through Adaptive Social Protection 15.31 19.70 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social Build the evidence and justification for adaptive social protection in the Sahel by establishing national level systems that will build the resilience of vulnerable populations to climate change and can be scaled in a time of crisis. TEA – Transforming Energy Access 15.12 19.46 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy The project is up to £65 million over five years, to support early stage testing and scale up of innovative technologies and business models that will accelerate access to affordable, clean energy services for poor households and enterprises, especially in Africa. The programme will i) partnership with Shell Foundation, enabling support to another 30+ early stage private sector innovations. ii) Innovate UK’s Energy Catalyst to stimulate technology innovation by UK enterprises; iii) build other strategic clean energy innovation partnerships (e.g. testing a new ‘P2P Solar’ crowdfunding platform; and scoping a potential new partnership with Gates Foundation on Mission Innovation); iv) skills and expertise development. To support early stage testing and scale up of innovative technologies and business models that will accelerate access to affordable, clean energy services for poor households and enterprises, especially in Africa Hunger Safety Net Programme 14.09 18.14 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To reduce poverty, hunger and vulnerability by providing the poorest households in Kenya's arid and semi-arid lands with cash transfers including in response to climate shocks such as droughts.
This contributes to our MDGs by preventing 720,000 people from becoming poorer and help them to increase their expenditure on food, health, education and wider livelihood opportunities by 2017. 136 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Livelihoods and Food Security Trust 12.50 16.09 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To improve the incomes and nutrition status of over 1.63 million poor people in Burma by promoting resilient livelihoods and food security food security through agricultural commercialisation and climate smart agriculture, financial inclusion, business and skills development, and targeted nutrition support to mothers and children in the ‘One thousand day’ window between conception and a child’s second birthday. Solar Nigeria Programme 10.31 13.27 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, To improve the welfare outcomes of the currently underserved communities in Lagos state and Northern Nigeria by making a significant financial contribution towards the solar power electrification of public institutions, such as schools and hospitals. The intervention is expected to, by year 2020, ensure improved welfare outcomes for more than 2.8 million people using domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, with 190,000 school pupils and 4.7 million clinic patients benefiting from public institutions with PV systems, create more than 3000 jobs and ensure greater effectiveness of DFID's other health and educational sector intervention in Nigeria. Solar Nigeria Programme 1.82 2.34 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy generation, To improve the welfare outcomes of the currently underserved communities in Lagos state and Northern Nigeria by making a significant financial contribution towards the solar power electrification of public institutions, such as schools and hospitals. The intervention is expected to, by year 2020, ensure improved welfare outcomes for more than 2.8 million people using domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, with 190,000 school pupils and 4.7 million clinic patients benefiting from public institutions with PV systems, create more than 3000 jobs and ensure greater effectiveness of DFID's other health and educational sector intervention in Nigeria. Rural Electrification in Sierra Leone 11.98 15.41 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy distribution “To increase access to clean energy through the creation of environmentally and economically sustainable electric mini- grid systems for small remote rural communities in Sierra Leone by 2020. This is expected to directly benefit around 360,000 people in rural Sierra Leone, and indirectly help up to 1.8 million people access low carbon electricity. This will add more than 10 Mega Watts (MW) to the country’s power generation capacity of an estimated average peak demand requirement of 300-500 MW. There will be a welfare increase in rural communities in terms of saved fuel costs, improved health and education outcomes, improved communications and access to information and health and safety. The project will also result in a significant reduction in Sierra Leone’s future Green House Gas emissions through supported private investment in the installation and operation of renewably-powered mini-grids’”. Forestry, Land-use and Governance 10.44 13.44 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation in Indonesia as part of the UK's efforts to avoid catastrophic climate change that would hit the very poorest first and set back global efforts at poverty reduction Strategic Partnership Arrangement 10.00 12.87 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Basic Education To provide support to BRAC’s development programmes to improve access to quality basic services (health, education, water and sanitation), help the poorest, most marginalised people across the whole of Bangladesh graduate from extreme poverty, support inclusive growth and help build effective formal and informal institutions. Climate finance will be integrated across BRAC’s programmes to strengthen the resilience of BRAC’s investments and the communities they serve. UK support will helping over 950,000 children (600,000 girls) gain a decent education; providing additional nutritional support to 11 million people (7 million women and girls); helping 5.7 million girls and women gain access to family planning services; providing at least 75,000 people with sustainable access to clean water and sanitation; supporting over 80,000 women to better cope with the effects of climate change; and lifting 240,000 women and their families (over 960,000 people) out of extreme poverty. The Water Security Programme 9.06 11.66 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & To increase the resilience of poor people to climate change through secure and sustainable access to water resources. We will work with the Global Water Partnership, World Bank Water Partnership Programme and GIZ International Water Stewardship Programme to support increased investment in the information, institutions and infrastructure required to Kenya – Strengthening Regional 5.10 6.56 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Transport & Storage To improve the pace of infrastructure development and enhance regional trade competitiveness, by delivering improvement to the managerial capacity and physical layout for cargo handling at the Port of Mombasa, including climate resilient infrastructure and lower emission transport systems, and improved regulatory framework for trade. This will contribute to increased exports and regional trade in East Africa benefitting the regional population. Kenya – Strengthening Regional 3.40 4.38 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Transport & Storage To improve the pace of infrastructure development and enhance regional trade competitiveness, by delivering improvement to the managerial capacity and physical layout for cargo handling at the Port of Mombasa, including climate resilient infrastructure and lower emission transport systems, and improved regulatory framework for trade. This will contribute to increased exports and regional trade in East Africa benefitting the regional population. Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 137 Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Multi-Year Humanitarian Programme 8.33 10.73 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Emergency Support for up to three million of the most vulnerable people affected by natural disaster and conflict. This will cover both immediate relief and early recovery interventions for shelter, food, non-food items, water and sanitation, livelihood and protection needs, depending on the emergency, including enhancing resilience of the beneficiary communities to climate extremes such as floods and droughts.
This programme will also support developments in the UN and local civil society which are required for humanitarian responses to be more locally owned and effective in future, as well as effective monitoring and evaluation, targeted active research and piloting. 8.00 10.30 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To support the scale up of the Productive Social Safety Net which will reach 1 million households, and these households are the poorest 15%. through the provision of conditional Cash Transfers, Green Public Works and Livelihood Enhancement. This programme will aim to improve the opportunities available to the poorest communities by reducing the depth of income poverty, improving food consumption and increasing their resilience to climate-related shocks. DFID will also support central government to develop and strengthen systems and institutions to deliver more comprehensive social protection provision that can respond to any future economic, food or climate shocks in Tanzania Climate Smart Agriculture in Africa 2.61 3.36 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Agriculture Improved knowledge, policies and longer-term incentives to drive increased uptake of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) in Eastern and Southern Africa member states. Climate Smart Agriculture in Africa 4.85 6.24 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture Improved knowledge, policies and longer-term incentives to drive increased uptake of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) in Eastern and Southern Africa member states. Green Mini-Grids Africa Regional Facility for Market Preparation, Evidence and Policy Development 5.73 7.38 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy The Green Mini-Grids programme aims to help transform the mini grid sector from a growing and sporadic series of pilot projects, to a thriving industry. Work includes development of small-scale electricity generation which serves a limited number of consumers via a distribution grid that can operate in isolation from national electricity transmission network. Transformation is to be achieved through the creation of a critical mass of experience and evidence of success in two countries (Kenya and Tanzania), coupled with improved policy and market conditions for investments regionally. Green Mini-Grids Africa Regional Facility for Market Preparation, Evidence and Policy Development 1.43 1.85 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy Policy The Green Mini-Grids programme aims to help transform the mini grid sector from a growing and sporadic series of pilot projects, to a thriving industry. Work includes development of small-scale electricity generation which serves a limited number of consumers via a distribution grid that can operate in isolation from national electricity transmission network. Transformation is to be achieved through the creation of a critical mass of experience and evidence of success in two countries (Kenya and Tanzania), coupled with improved policy and market conditions for investments regionally. International Forestry Knowledge 3.47 4.46 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry Uptake of international forestry knowledge, evidence and tools for international forestry policy and practice International Forestry Knowledge 3.47 4.46 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Forestry Uptake of international forestry knowledge, evidence and tools for international forestry policy and practice Assessment and Financing Initiative 6.68 8.59 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Banking & Financial "To provide technical assistance and capital to provide insurance for the Pacific Islands so in future they can protect themselves against natural disasters such as cyclones and Tsunamis thereby reducing their reliance on humanitarian aid. The nations of Tonga, Marshall islands, Cook Islands, Vanuatu, and Samoa (625,000 people in total) will benefit from the insurance at the start of the programme" Programme (HARISS) 2014 – 2020 6.63 8.54 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To help approximately three million South Sudanese by providing critical life-saving support and helping people to better cope with shocks from conflict, drought and flooding. This programme aims to save the lives of an estimated two million people who will receive at least one form of humanitarian assistance; and build the capacity of an estimated one million people to recover and cope better with shocks. Over five years this programme will provide food, shelter and access to water and health services to millions of vulnerable people, including women and children. Water, Environmental Sanitation and 6.56 8.44 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & To provide sanitation and hygiene services in Freetown. Establishing and expanding sustainable waste management services in three large towns and improving water, sanitation and hygiene services in rural areas and in two small towns. Includes increasing water security and building resilience to future water scarcity as a result of climate change. Strengthening Health Facilities in 0.32 0.41 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Health, General To provide safer, greener health facilities in Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to deliver care in disasters, generate operational savings and reduce disaster losses. Strengthening Health Facilities in 6.08 7.82 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Health, General To provide safer, greener health facilities in Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to deliver care in disasters, generate operational savings and reduce disaster losses. 138 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information 6.29 8.09 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Government & Civil Integrate climate change into development planning, budgeting and delivery in national and sub-national governments in Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan.This will done by strengthening planning, budgeting, delivery mechanisms, building awareness and capacity of stakeholders through technical and some implementation support. It will help to mobilise domestic and International finance. Sharing lesssons and knowledge in South Asia is a key element of the 3.02 3.88 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry To support public-private partnerships that demonstrate how companies, communities, smallholders and governments can work collaboratively to reduce deforestation and benefit forest dependent communities 3.02 3.88 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Forestry To support public-private partnerships that demonstrate how companies, communities, smallholders and governments can work collaboratively to reduce deforestation and benefit forest dependent communities Climate Action for Middle East and 1.50 1.93 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, To improve the natural and social environment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region through low carbon, climate resilient development contributing to enhanced employment.
Climate Action for Middle East and 4.50 5.79 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy generation, To improve the natural and social environment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region through low carbon, climate resilient development contributing to enhanced employment. Rehabilitation of Freetown’s Water 5.98 7.70 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & The project will increase sustainable access to safe water in Freetown, the capital city, and safe-guard water security and reduce climate change vulnerability. This will be achieved through rehabilitation of water infrastructure for improved public Provision of finance to the Rwanda 1.47 1.90 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Agriculture To improve climate adaptation and low carbon development by providing finance to the Rwanda Fund for Climate Change and Environment from the UK International Climate Fund. This will benefit 15 000 people to cope better with climate change impacts, 2000 people gain access to clean energy especially in rural areas, protect 1200 hectares of land against soil erosion, create 2000 green jobs as well as mobilise £8 million of additional finance from the private sector by July 2015. This contributes towards the MDG on environmental sustainability and ensuring an effective response to the impacts of climate change, thus securing current and future development gains as well as protection of the livelihoods of Provision of finance to the Rwanda 4.42 5.69 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To improve climate adaptation and low carbon development by providing finance to the Rwanda Fund for Climate Change and Environment from the UK International Climate Fund. This will benefit 15 000 people to cope better with climate change impacts, 2000 people gain access to clean energy especially in rural areas, protect 1200 hectares of land against soil erosion, create 2000 green jobs as well as mobilise £8 million of additional finance from the private sector by July 2015. This contributes towards the MDG on environmental sustainability and ensuring an effective response to the impacts of climate change, thus securing current and future development gains as well as protection of the livelihoods of Multi-Year Humanitarian Support to 0.58 0.74 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Disaster Prevention & To provide support to the most vulnerable groups in Afghanistan to have access to timely, appropriate and cost-effective humanitarian aid, have fewer life-critical needs, build the capacity of communities to mitigate the risk of natural disasters, including climate risk mitigation, and to better respond to these events when they occur. Multi-Year Humanitarian Support to 5.19 6.67 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster Prevention & To provide support to the most vulnerable groups in Afghanistan to have access to timely, appropriate and cost-effective humanitarian aid, have fewer life-critical needs, build the capacity of communities to mitigate the risk of natural disasters, including climate risk mitigation, and to better respond to these events when they occur. 1.38 1.78 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Agriculture To reduce poverty in Kenya by enabling poor people to benefit from better functioning markets, including through mainstreaming climate resilience into market interventions, and by building greater awareness among influential decision makers of how markets can work better for the poor. This will increase household incomes of 148,000 small scale farmers and entrepreneurs – of whom 33% are women – by an average of over 20% by 2018. 36,000 jobs for women and 73,000 for men and male youth will also be created. 4.14 5.33 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To reduce poverty in Kenya by enabling poor people to benefit from better functioning markets, including through mainstreaming climate resilience into market interventions, and by building greater awareness among influential decision makers of how markets can work better for the poor. This will increase household incomes of 148,000 small scale farmers and entrepreneurs – of whom 33% are women – by an average of over 20% by 2018. 36,000 jobs for women and 73,000 for men and male youth will also be created. Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 139 Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information 5.50 7.08 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, To improve the environment for private investment in Uganda’s renewable energy sector by accelerating the market for off grid solar energy and supporting the construction of at least 15 on-grid small scale power plants. This will increase Uganda’s energy production by approximately 20%, improve access to clean and modern energy for over 200,000 households and businesses or 1.2m people; mobilise up to £240 million in private finance and stabilise Uganda’s power sector finances by saving approximately $260m to 2.7bn during the period 2013-35, and lead to greenhouse gas emission savings of between 1 and 10 MtCO2e. Post-Earthquake Reconstruction in 5.39 6.94 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Reconstruction Relief Establish partnerships with local & central government, communities and businesses to support the (i) districts effected by the Earthquake to “build back better” including leading to more resilient (including climate resilient) infrastructure and institutions; (ii) the most vulnerable recover their livelihoods and assets; and (iii) the Government of Nepal to plan for and manage the response to the earthquake. Northern Transforming the 0.52 0.67 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Agriculture To increase the resilience to climate change of poor farmers in Northern Uganda, and to increase their incomes. This will be achieved by working with agricultural businesses to supply farmers with cheaper, better and more varied agricultural inputs and services, and to create stronger markets for farmer produce. This will benefit 250,000 households in Northern Uganda, who will adopt new practices, products and markets that will make them more resilient to climate change, while 150,000 households will see measurable increases to income. This will contribute to the MDGs (and their successor targets) by reducing poverty in Uganda. Northern Transforming the 4.70 6.04 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase the resilience to climate change of poor farmers in Northern Uganda, and to increase their incomes.
This will be achieved by working with agricultural businesses to supply farmers with cheaper, better and more varied agricultural inputs and services, and to create stronger markets for farmer produce. This will benefit 250,000 households in Northern Uganda, who will adopt new practices, products and markets that will make them more resilient to climate change, while 150,000 households will see measurable increases to income. This will contribute to the MDGs (and their successor targets) by reducing poverty in Uganda. Resilience to Climate Change in 2.24 2.88 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Industry To achieve transformational change by helping Kenya to scale up private sector innovation and investment in low carbon and adaptation products, services and assets (e.g. clean energy, sustainable agriculture, water management, weather forecasting). Enabling this change will require targeted support to critical aspects of climate change governance, and stimulation of civil society demand. This contributes to the UK Government’s International Climate Fund (ICF) commitments and will benefit 828,000 people able to cope with the effects of climate change and 17,600 people with improved access to clean energy. Resilience to Climate Change in 2.74 3.52 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Industry To achieve transformational change by helping Kenya to scale up private sector innovation and investment in low carbon and adaptation products, services and assets (e.g. clean energy, sustainable agriculture, water management, weather forecasting). Enabling this change will require targeted support to critical aspects of climate change governance, and stimulation of civil society demand. This contributes to the UK Government’s International Climate Fund (ICF) commitments and will benefit 828,000 people able to cope with the effects of climate change and 17,600 people with improved access to clean energy. 2.52 3.24 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General Environment To improve access for developing countries to high quality research and information in designing climate change policies and programmes by 2015 (funded by Climate and Environment Dept). 2.32 2.99 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment To improve access for developing countries to high quality research and information in designing climate change policies and programmes by 2015 (funded by Climate and Environment Dept). Sustainable Energy for Women and 3.35 4.31 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy Programme aims to shift clean energy markets and delivery systems towards improving the health, safety and economic opportunities of low income girls and women in developing countries, principally in DFID and International Climate Fund (ICF) priority countries in Africa. Sustainable Energy for Women and 1.43 1.85 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy Policy Programme aims to shift clean energy markets and delivery systems towards improving the health, safety and economic opportunities of low income girls and women in developing countries, principally in DFID and International Climate Fund (ICF) priority countries in Africa. UK Caribbean Infrastructure Fund 0.51 0.65 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Transport & Storage As announced by the UK government in September 2015, the UK Caribbean Infrastructure Fund will create critical economic infrastructure bridges; renewable energy; ports; water; and sea defences that will increase productivity and resilience to natural disasters and climate change. This fund aims to improve economic development in 8 ODA eligible and 1 ODA eligible Overseas Territory by helping to boost growth and creating jobs across the region. 140 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information UK Caribbean Infrastructure Fund 4.09 5.27 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Transport & Storage As announced by the UK government in September 2015, the UK Caribbean Infrastructure Fund will create critical economic infrastructure bridges; renewable energy; ports; water; and sea defences that will increase productivity and resilience to natural disasters and climate change. This fund aims to improve economic development in 8 ODA eligible and 1 ODA eligible Overseas Territory by helping to boost growth and creating jobs across the region. Promoting Conservation Agriculture 1.31 1.69 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Agriculture To raise agricultural productivity in Zambia, particularly small scale farmers, using climate smart agriculture techniques and facilitating commercial relationships with agriculture companies Promoting Conservation Agriculture 3.06 3.94 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To raise agricultural productivity in Zambia, particularly small scale farmers, using climate smart agriculture techniques and facilitating commercial relationships with agriculture companies 2.25 2.89 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General Environment To improve access for developing countries to high quality research and information in designing climate change policies and programmes by 2015 (funded by Research Dept). 2.07 2.67 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment To improve access for developing countries to high quality research and information in designing climate change policies and programmes by 2015 (funded by Research Dept). sanitation in rural areas – Zimbabwe 0.85 1.10 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Water Supply & Contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases. To reduce burden of water collection on women and girls; to improve basic education and gender equality. The programme target areas where effects of climate change and variability such as droughts and floods have affected community access to safe drinking water. Specifically, the programme is (i) Increasing the number of water sources in affected areas through rehabilitating and drilling high yielding and perennial water sources, (ii) Installing more energy efficient and clean solar powered Piped water systems with water storage facilities to ensure constant water supply and efficient water demand management during periods of water stress, (iii) Promoting water conservation through constructing waste water collection troughs at water points for livestock and (iv) Working with district water and sanitation technicians to construct climate resilient infrastructure. sanitation in rural areas – Zimbabwe 3.41 4.39 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & Contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases. To reduce burden of water collection on women and girls; to improve basic education and gender equality. The programme target areas where effects of climate change and variability such as droughts and floods have affected community access to safe drinking water.
Specifically, the programme is (i) Increasing the number of water sources in affected areas through rehabilitating and drilling high yielding and perennial water sources, (ii) Installing more energy efficient and clean solar powered Piped water systems with water storage facilities to ensure constant water supply and efficient water demand management during periods of water stress, (iii) Promoting water conservation through constructing waste water collection troughs at water points for livestock and (iv) Working with district water and sanitation technicians to construct climate resilient infrastructure. Rural Access Programme 3 4.23 5.44 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Transport & Storage To improve road access for 800,000 members of rural communities in the Western Region of Nepal, thereby improving economic opportunities and increasing access to markets and social services throughout the year. The project will lift 20,000 people out of poverty through access to work, skill trainings, and will promote equal opportunities for women. The project aims to contribute towards sustainable poverty reduction through investments in high value crops and will lay the foundations for private sector led development in the poorest region in the country. Climate variability and climate change are integrated in building new roads and maintaining existing roads through the programme. Improving Rural Access in Tanzania 4.00 5.15 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Transport & Storage To provide support to the local government infrastructure development by improving access to markets by reducing transport costs. This includes building more climate resilient structures to restore access for vulnerable communities, cut off by extreme weather events, and the development of National Guidelines for climate resilient rural roads and structures. This will lead to an increase in rural income to 45,000 households by 2015. This contributes towards MDG by providing agricultural growth and underpinning strong economic development in Tanzania. Improving Livelihoods and Land 1.97 2.54 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry To improve the the livelihoods of forest dependent communities and reduce deforestation in the Congo Basin by providing support to forest zoning, independent forest monitoring, civil society advocacy and the strengthening of legal frameworks for community forestry, as well as direct investments in community forest enterprises. The programme is expected to benefit 2.4million beneficiaries (direct and indirect). The programme will also have a demonstration effect, building a body of evidence on Community Forestry in the Congo Basin. Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 141 Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Improving Livelihoods and Land 1.97 2.54 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Forestry To improve the the livelihoods of forest dependent communities and reduce deforestation in the Congo Basin by providing support to forest zoning, independent forest monitoring, civil society advocacy and the strengthening of legal frameworks for community forestry, as well as direct investments in community forest enterprises. The programme is expected to benefit 2.4million beneficiaries (direct and indirect). The programme will also have a demonstration effect, building a body of evidence on Community Forestry in the Congo Basin. Enhancing Community Resilience 0.38 0.48 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Agriculture To achieve sustainable disaster-resilient communities through community-based best practices, public awareness and Enhancing Community Resilience 3.38 4.35 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To achieve sustainable disaster-resilient communities through community-based best practices, public awareness and Transboundary Water Management 3.71 4.78 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & The project will support countries in Southern Africa to manage their shared water resources, thereby helping 2-3 million poor people to better cope with the impacts of existing climate variability and climate change (especially floods and drought). It will do this by improving assessment and planning concerning these resources, and designing and building water infrastructure such as irrigation schemes, water supply or hydropower schemes. This will help poor and vulnerable people gain access to clean and safe water, produce a predictable agricultural yield and store water for when it is needed during the dry months of the year. The programme will also help countries to communicate hydrological data between themselves – thus providing downstream countries with advance notice of floods and enabling countries to optimise how much water is stored in each country to ensure each has enough to meet their basic requirements. Zimbabwe Resilience Building Fund 0.70 0.90 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General Environment To improve the resilience capacity of households affected by climatic shocks and trends through inclusive economic development. The programme will have a risk financing mechanism to make timely, appropriate and predictable funding available for communities that experience large scale humanitarian shocks. The program will also build evidence to improve the policy environment and stimulate service provision to enhance household and community resilience. Zimbabwe Resilience Building Fund 2.80 3.60 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment To improve the resilience capacity of households affected by climatic shocks and trends through inclusive economic development. The programme will have a risk financing mechanism to make timely, appropriate and predictable funding available for communities that experience large scale humanitarian shocks. The program will also build evidence to improve the policy environment and stimulate service provision to enhance household and community resilience. 3.49 4.49 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Government & Civil To build capacity of the Government of Nepal to develop, cost, budget and implement adaptation measures at the local level aimed at mainstreaming climate change in key development sectors (agriculture, forestry, water and energy), including through public private partnerships. Building Disaster Resilience in 3.43 4.42 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Emergency DFID support will strengthen community and household resilience to emergencies and disasters over six years. The programme will aim to build resilience in communities and households in Pakistan to manage the impact of disasters by maintaining or transforming living standards in the face of shocks and stresses without compromising their long-term 0.68 0.87 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, To support Somaliland in diversifying its energy mix, enhancing resilience and facilitating an enabling institutional and regulatory environment for the expansion of access to electricity.
2.72 3.50 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy generation, To support Somaliland in diversifying its energy mix, enhancing resilience and facilitating an enabling institutional and regulatory environment for the expansion of access to electricity. Building Resilience Through Asset 3.38 4.35 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To reduce hunger gaps, improve long-term food security and mitigate conflict among 400,000 rural poor in five states of South Sudan. By working together beneficiaries earn food or cash in return for identifying and building community assets (such as irrigation ponds). This enables communities to develop and manage their resources against extreme climate damage and shocks. This will contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 13, 15 and 16 to end poverty and hunger; take action on climate; protect life on land and; promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable Infrastructure for Climate Resilient 3.31 4.26 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Rural development In line with the UK government’s aid policy and revised development partnership with India, the Infrastructure for Climate Resilient Growth (ICRG) programme sees the UK provide world class expertise to improve the impact of the Indian Government’s $5 billion per year National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. The scheme will help over 5 million people living in three of India’s poorest states – Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Bihar – to increase their incomes and resilience to climate shocks. It guarantees 40 million households per year the opportunity to build small scale works (irrigation, flood defences, forest plantations etc.) to increase their incomes and protect themselves from extreme weather events. UK support will improve the design and quality of infrastructure built, increase the capacity of the government to deliver its own programmes and influence the policies of the largest programme of this type in the world. 142 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Supporting Structural Reform in the 3.11 4.01 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, In line with the UK government’s aid policy and new development partnership with India, the ‘Supporting Structural Reform in the Indian Power Sector’ programme will improve the efficiency, reliability and sustainability of electricity supply in India through technical expertise, not through traditional grant support. It will provide world class expertise to support the market reforms and scale up of renewable energy supply that the Indian power sector needs to support growth and create jobs. It will work at the Central level and in upto three States which may include DFID focus states such as Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. 3.04 3.91 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Urban development To build urban resilience to current climate variability and future climate change in Tanzania’s cities and towns through improved data and evidence, urban planning, and infrastructure provision for sustainable economic growth and Assistance of Refugees in Kenya 3.03 3.90 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Emergency To improve the efficiency in delivery of basic services to refugees (including developing or rehabilitating climate-smart camp infrastructure) and to strengthen their resilience and that of the communities hosting them. This will be achieved through targeted assistance and greater use of cash-based assistance. This programme will assist adolescent girls and women of reproductive age and malnourished children under 5 years of age through nutritional interventions as well as ensuring that the survivors of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) receive appropriate medical care in a timely manner. The project will also assist 8,000 refugees with livelihoods opportunities , including climate smart opportunities such as processing solid waste for onselling or producing energy-efficient stoves, and will support the voluntarily return of refugees to their countries of origin. Information and SERvices for Africa 0.60 0.77 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Disaster Prevention & WISER will help at least 24 million people across Africa (focusing initially on East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi) to be more resilient to natural disasters and climate change by 2030 by improving early warning systems (giving more time to prepare for heavy rains for example) as well as helping them make better decisions by knowing what the weather and climate is likely to be (enabling them to make better crop choices or alter planting times in farming, for example). We estimate that this will save over £190 million in terms of avoided damage to health, homes, livelihoods and infrastructure between now and 2030. The WISER programme will initially benefit the East African fishing and farming communities, as well as a wide range of African people, including young, old, men and boys and women and Information and SERvices for Africa 2.40 3.09 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster Prevention & WISER will help at least 24 million people across Africa (focusing initially on East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi) to be more resilient to natural disasters and climate change by 2030 by improving early warning systems (giving more time to prepare for heavy rains for example) as well as helping them make better decisions by knowing what the weather and climate is likely to be (enabling them to make better crop choices or alter planting times in farming, for example). We estimate that this will save over £190 million in terms of avoided damage to health, homes, livelihoods and infrastructure between now and 2030. The WISER programme will initially benefit the East African fishing and farming communities, as well as a wide range of African people, including young, old, men and boys and women and 2.97 3.82 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Health, General To improve utilisation of quality, effective essential health services especially by the poor, and deliver the following outputs through an Essential Health 4.3 million children underfive treated for pneumonia; 63,000 patients treated for TB; 2.3 million deliveries by skilled health workers; 363,000 additional family planning users; 416,000 adults on HIV treatment in 2015; 2.4 million children fully immunised; 25 million children treated for malaria and 10 million bednets distributed. Some unreliable and costly energy supplies will be replaced by solar power.
Renewable Energy and Adaptation 1.45 1.86 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy distribution To stimulate private sector investment in developing low cost, clean energy and climate change technologies and services, such as solar power, biomass energy, irrigation and crop insurance products for small holder farmers. Every business supported by REACT must demonstrate a positive impact on the rural poor through increased incomes, employment and productivity or by reducing costs. Renewable Energy and Adaptation 1.45 1.86 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy distribution To stimulate private sector investment in developing low cost, clean energy and climate change technologies and services, such as solar power, biomass energy, irrigation and crop insurance products for small holder farmers. Every business supported by REACT must demonstrate a positive impact on the rural poor through increased incomes, employment and productivity or by reducing costs. Disaster Risk Insurance 2.87 3.69 Committed ODA Loan/Equity Adaptation Banking & Financial To improve the resilience of the private sector in poor countries to natural disasters by improving access to insurance products. By supporting the development of a market for private sector disaster risk insurance in developing countries, the project will sustainably help strengthen resilience, mitigate the effects of climate change and supporting economic development through private sector growth. Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 143 Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Corridor Programme in Tanzania 2.80 3.61 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Transport & Storage To raise rural incomes and increase food security by contributing to the improvements in the business environment for commercial agriculture in Tanzania (especially the southern corridor), as well as growth in number and scale of commercial agribusinesses and substantial improvement in the market operations of a number of agricultural commodity markets. This includes ensuring infrastructure is climate resilient, such as no weather-related road closures. The programme is expected to benefit 100,000 rural households by March 2015 and over 230,000 households by end of the Social Protection Support to the 2.75 3.54 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To increase the coverage of social protection and to strengthen social protection systems for the poorest by providing financial aid to the Rwanda Local Development Support Fund (RLDSF) and technical assistance to RLDSF and the Ministry of Local Government. This will benefit an additional 55,000 poor households (approximately 217,680 individuals) each year with social cash transfers, helping them to meet their basic needs and to better manage risks such as natural disasters e.g. floods and landslides which will be exacerbated by climate change. Nepal Local Governance Support 2.71 3.49 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Government & Civil To improve governance and services at the local level in Nepal, benefitting 2 million households. This includes introducing simple anti-corruption measures (e.g. public audits) and providing the poorest and most excluded with tools to build their confidence to voice demands and hold officials to account. Parts of the programme will also ensure that Local Government's awareness and capacity on climate change adaptation, disaster resilience and environmentally friendly Adapt Environmental and Climate 2.70 3.47 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment To increase understanding and integration of climate resilience and environmental management into delivery, plans and policy in Sudan. 100% ICF Funding 2.68 3.46 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & To improve the management of water within and between South Asian countries, reducing poverty by enabling adaptation to climate change and reducing the risk of conflict over water resources. By 2018, 500 million people living in river basins will benefit from improved water management by reducing their risk of exposure to flooding and drought and enhancing regional security by improving cooperation between governments Assisting Public Institutions and to Effects of Climate Change in Tanzania ( AIM for Resilience) 0.13 0.17 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Government & Civil To enable the poorest and most vulnerable in Tanzanian society to become more resilient to climate change and to benefit from low carbon growth through the strengthening of the United Republic of Tanzania Public sector institutions to implement the national climate change strategy and adaptation plans. The programme will also support relevant sector Ministries to implement their sector resilience plans; support to building the capacity of the Tanzania Meteorological Agency to provide meteorological data management and providing efficient services to its customers; and seek to develop sustainable private sector markets. This programme is a central element of the UK International Climate Fund portfolio in Tanzania and will help maximise the return from the wider investments. Assisting Public Institutions and to Effects of Climate Change in Tanzania ( AIM for Resilience) 2.50 3.22 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Government & Civil To enable the poorest and most vulnerable in Tanzanian society to become more resilient to climate change and to benefit from low carbon growth through the strengthening of the United Republic of Tanzania Public sector institutions to implement the national climate change strategy and adaptation plans. The programme will also support relevant sector Ministries to implement their sector resilience plans; support to building the capacity of the Tanzania Meteorological Agency to provide meteorological data management and providing efficient services to its customers; and seek to develop sustainable private sector markets. This programme is a central element of the UK International Climate Fund portfolio in Tanzania and will help maximise the return from the wider investments. Providing Clean Energy to the Rural 2.59 3.33 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, Climate change mitigation and access to clean energy to improve the livelihoods of rural poor in off- grid areas in I2I – Ideas to Impact – Testing new technologies and innovative 1.39 1.79 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Industry I2I stimulates technological innovations addressing intractable development challenges, initially in the focal areas of energy, water and climate, and then increasingly in emerging “frontier” technologies with broader applicability.
It tests different funding mechanisms and approaches – including prizes, peer-to-peer financing, Frontier Technology Livestreaming, and innovative cross-government partnerships – for ensuring technology ideas lead to a real-world I2I – Ideas to Impact – Testing new technologies and innovative 1.14 1.46 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Industry I2I stimulates technological innovations addressing intractable development challenges, initially in the focal areas of energy, water and climate, and then increasingly in emerging “frontier” technologies with broader applicability. It tests different funding mechanisms and approaches – including prizes, peer-to-peer financing, Frontier Technology Livestreaming, and innovative cross-government partnerships – for ensuring technology ideas lead to a real-world

144 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Corridors for Growth 0.79 1.02 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Transport & Storage To increase Tanzania’s infrastructure for trade in three ways (i) Co-financing the Dar Port expansion together with the World Bank and Tanzania Port Authority will double port capacity and enable Tanzania’s entire trade volume to increase by two thirds. (ii) Project preparation funding for six more major regional transport projects are expected to catalyse up to £600m of development finance incorporating climate resilent design. (iii) Launching a new approach to Public-Private Partnerships will improve infrastructure in municipal areas and build capacity for larger PPP’s in the future.The programme is expected to reduce the costs of doing business in Tanzania, contributing to growth, more jobs and lower poverty. The short-term beneficiaries will be users such as traders, logistics providers and public citizens. International business including from the UK will benefit from better access to trade.In the medium to long run employment is expected to increase from indirect effects. Corridors for Growth 1.61 2.07 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Transport & Storage To increase Tanzania’s infrastructure for trade in three ways (i) Co-financing the Dar Port expansion together with the World Bank and Tanzania Port Authority will double port capacity and enable Tanzania’s entire trade volume to increase by two thirds. (ii) Project preparation funding for six more major regional transport projects are expected to catalyse up to £600m of development finance incorporating climate resilent design. (iii) Launching a new approach to Public-Private Partnerships will improve infrastructure in municipal areas and build capacity for larger PPP’s in the future.The programme is expected to reduce the costs of doing business in Tanzania, contributing to growth, more jobs and lower poverty. The short-term beneficiaries will be users such as traders, logistics providers and public citizens. International business including from the UK will benefit from better access to trade.In the medium to long run employment is expected to increase from indirect effects. 2.37 3.05 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Emergency This programme will deliver improvement in disaster preparedness and response for large-scale catastrophic emergencies (e.g. earthquakes and cyclones) and recurrent, predictable events such as flooding as well as providing predictable support to Rohingya refugees and vulnerable refugee hosting communities. African Risk Capacity (ARC) 2.32 2.99 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster Prevention & To support a parametric (index-based) weather risk insurance pool that will provide participating African countries with predictable, quick-disbursing funds with which to implement pre-defined contingency response plans in the case of a Climate Public Private Partnership 2.17 2.80 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Banking & Financial CP3 aims to demonstrate that climate friendly investments in developing countries, including in renewable energy, water, energy efficiency and forestry are not only ethically right but also commercially viable. It aims to attract new forms of finance such as pension funds and sovereign wealth funds into these areas by creating two commercial private equity funds of funds which will invest in subfunds and projects in developing countries, creating track records of investment performance which should in turn encourage further investments and accelerate the growth of investment in climate. 0.21 0.27 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Water Supply & To improve governance of shared water resources in Southern Africa, by sustainably improving local water-management capability and supporting development of key water infrastructure. This will indirectly benefit populations in the 13 shared river basins of the SADC region, in which 95 million people reside, through more equitable sharing of water resources, reduced vulnerability to flooding, improved access to drinking water, as well as reducing risk of conflict and better food security. These outcomes will contribute to MDG 1 (“Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger”) and MDG7 (“Ensure Environmental Sustainability”). 1.92 2.47 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & To improve governance of shared water resources in Southern Africa, by sustainably improving local water-management capability and supporting development of key water infrastructure. This will indirectly benefit populations in the 13 shared river basins of the SADC region, in which 95 million people reside, through more equitable sharing of water resources, reduced vulnerability to flooding, improved access to drinking water, as well as reducing risk of conflict and better food security. These outcomes will contribute to MDG 1 (“Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger”) and MDG7 (“Ensure Environmental Sustainability”).
1.89 2.43 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy The programme aims to increase investment in geothermal energy in East Africa, contributing to economic development and growth, by addressing market failures which hinder the very early stages of geothermal market development, • reducing the risk of exploratory test drilling, leading to increased investor confidence in under exploited East Africa geothermal energy; and, • improving geothermal strategy, policy and regulations that facilitate investment.” Green Mini-Grids Kenya 2.00 2.58 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, Support for project preparation and leveraging of private investment in Green Mini-Grids (GMGs) in Kenya 1.00 1.29 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, The purpose is to build a global community of practice of entrepreneurs and innovators dedicated to develop and deploy climate smart technologies providing clean, safe, reliable and sustainable access to energy, water and other natural resources to poor communities in developing countries

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 145 Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information 1.00 1.29 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy generation, The purpose is to build a global community of practice of entrepreneurs and innovators dedicated to develop and deploy climate smart technologies providing clean, safe, reliable and sustainable access to energy, water and other natural resources to poor communities in developing countries Cities and Infrastructure for Growth 2.00 2.57 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy The UK will provide up to £165m over 5 years in two phases of £82.5m. The programme will provide technical support on city and regional interventions in 3 focus countries, Burma, Uganda and Zambia resulting in increased inclusive economic growth and job creation. The interventions will help city economies to become more productive, deliver access to reliable, affordable, renewable power for businesses and households, and strengthen investment into infrastructure services, Water for Three States (Red Sea, 1.95 2.51 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & To provide the people of Eastern Sudan with access to sustainable clean drinking water sources, improved sanitation facilities, and hygiene promotion by 2018. This will be achieved by implementing water and sanitation projects in selected rural areas of Gadaref, Kassala and Red Sea States and by designing a comprehensive and feasible plan for rehabilitation and expansion of Port Sudan water and sanitation systems. The programme contributes to the seventh Millennium Development Goal that is to ensure environmental sustainability by reducing the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. 40% ICF funding. use of evidence and innovation in 1.72 2.22 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Research/scientific This is business case 2/3 which implements the DFID Humanitarian Innovation and Evidence Strategy. This programme will develop and test innovative approaches to humanitarian practice; provide evidence of the cost effectiveness of investments in disaster risk reduction; provide new evidence on the scaling up of cash-based approaches; support better evidence on insurance as a risk management tool; and create new evidence on the best intervention to improve health and nutrition in emergencies.This is one of three business cases which implements the DFID Humanitarian Innovation and Evidence Strategy. Between 2000-2009, more than 2.2 billion people were affected by 4,484 natural disasters. Vulnerability to hazards is increasing as a result of demographic, political and environmental changes. Demand for humanitarian assistance is likely to rise while economic constraints are also increasing. In this context it is important to ensure that the most effective and cost efficient approch 1.64 2.11 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Basic Education To improve access, retention and the quality of education for all children in primary and secondary schools of Punjab Province in Pakistan. All government school children (6 million primary, 4 million secondary) and children attending school through the Punjab Education Foundation (around 2.2 million) will have benefited from UK support in Punjab by March 2019. Buildings will be sited and constructed in environmentally sound and climate resilient ways (such as to build resilient to floods), testing new approaches including using climate-friendly local materials. 1.56 2.00 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To provide financial grants to food insecure households with children under the age of two that are affected by effects of climate change so as to enable them access basic services (food, water, clothing) to cushion the impact until 2018 1.47 1.89 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy To increase private investment in renewable energy projects in developing countries by providing investors with comparable and robust policy and market information in an easilyaccesible data tool. Renewable energy is becoming a cheaper solution than fossil fuels in many developing countries and by providing better information to potential investors, Climatescope supports increasing investment in renewable energy in developing countries. This in turn will support economic growth through greater access to sustainable energy and allow businesses to prosper. African Agriculture Technology Foundation (AATF) Phase III (2015 - 1.45 1.87 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture "The expected impact of support to the proposed intervention is increased productivity of small-holder farmers in Sub- Saharan Africa, including scaling up of crops resilient to climate shocks such as drought. This impact will be achieved through two outcomes a. Increased access/availability of appropriate agricultural technologies for small-holder farmers in targeted countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.
b.A financially sustainable organisation/mechanism that is responsive to the needs of small-holder farmers in ensuring that market failures in the development and adoption of appropriate agricultural technologies continue to be addressed.” 1.41 1.81 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Government & Civil To increase transparency and accountability in Bangladesh by improving systems for management and proactive publication of official information that is relevant and accessible, timely and accurate, and by enabling state reformers, businesses and social activists to hold officials and decision makers answerable for their actions across a range of services including health, education, local government, climate finance and land administration

146 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information 0.13 0.17 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Agriculture To sustainably increase the agricultural productivity of poor farmers by transforming Rwandan agriculture from a subsistence-based to a more commercial-based sector that accelerates agricultural growth. This will help address challenges that may limit agriculture productivity, reduce the rate at which poverty is falling, increase inequality and hamper improvements in food security and malnutrition. The programme will build resilience to climate variability and improve sustainable management of agricultural land by increasing soil erosion control, small scale irrigation and strengthening sustainability and resilience strategies. The programme will result in increased agricultural productivity, food security and incomes of poor households and contributes towards the MDG’s by helping to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and; promoting gender equality and empowering women. 1.21 1.55 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To sustainably increase the agricultural productivity of poor farmers by transforming Rwandan agriculture from a subsistence-based to a more commercial-based sector that accelerates agricultural growth. This will help address challenges that may limit agriculture productivity, reduce the rate at which poverty is falling, increase inequality and hamper improvements in food security and malnutrition. The programme will build resilience to climate variability and improve sustainable management of agricultural land by increasing soil erosion control, small scale irrigation and strengthening sustainability and resilience strategies. The programme will result in increased agricultural productivity, food security and incomes of poor households and contributes towards the MDG’s by helping to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and; promoting gender equality and empowering women. 1.24 1.60 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy generation, To accelerate private investment and economic growth in Nepal by providing technical expertise to help Nepalese institutions develop major infrastructure (including renewable energy); improve the business climate for domestic and foreign investors; improve the implementation of economic policy and test new approaches for local economic development. This will result in at least £600 million of private investment into growth-boosting sectors and a reduction by at least 10% in time or cost for at least five regulatory processes perceived as burdensome by the private sector. Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA) 1.14 1.46 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Health, General "The purpose of this research programme is to answer the question “how can South Asian agriculture and related food security policies and interventions best be designed and implemented to increase their impacts on nutrition, especially the nutrition status of children and adolescent girls”? This programme will contribute to the acceleration in reductions in poverty and under nutrition of women and children by generating a body of high quality evidence in this area, working closely with policy makers and programme decision makers in the region to get this evidence into use in making agriculture pro poor and pro nutrition and supporting development of climate resilient agriculture. Work is undertaken in four countries with high levels of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan." Infrastructure Equity Fund – Investment in small infrastructure projects in India's poorest states 1.12 1.44 Committed ODA Equity Mitigation Energy generation, To improve access to better quality transport, clean energy and basic urban services for households and businesses, by investing in equity to private sector-led infrastructure projects. This will benefit an estimated 280,000 people with improved infrastructure services. ESPA – Eco System Services for 0.22 0.28 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General Environment To understand why ecosystems are becoming degraded, including as a result of climate change, and how to reverse this and to ascertain what institutional changes need to be put in place for ecosysyem management to improve for the benefit ESPA – Eco System Services for 0.87 1.12 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment To understand why ecosystems are becoming degraded, including as a result of climate change, and how to reverse this and to ascertain what institutional changes need to be put in place for ecosysyem management to improve for the benefit 0.52 0.68 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Government & Civil This will help Nepal to cope with impacts of climate change (CC) and promote clean development. It will provide strategic support to the Govt of Nepal to design and implement CC policies, to integrate resilience throughout government planning. This resilience of 700,000 poor & vulnerable people (especially women) to floods, landslides, droughts in most remote districts;Improve resilience of businesses in 5 growing urban centres & 3 river basins through investments in urban planning, large scale irrigation systems & flood management;Facilitate connection of over 25,000 households to new micro-hydro power installations; connect over 70,000 homes to solar power & install RET in more than 200 schools/health clinics;Develop industry standard for ‘clean’ brick production and enable over half of the brick kilns (at least 400) to adopt more efficient technologies;Improve design of future CC programming & beyond through generation of

Annex 1: Common Tabular Format Tables supporting the UK’s fourth biennial report to the UNFCCC 147 Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information 0.52 0.68 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Government & Civil This will help Nepal to cope with impacts of climate change (CC) and promote clean development. It will provide strategic support to the Govt of Nepal to design and implement CC policies, to integrate resilience throughout government planning.
This resilience of 700,000 poor & vulnerable people (especially women) to floods, landslides, droughts in most remote districts;Improve resilience of businesses in 5 growing urban centres & 3 river basins through investments in urban planning, large scale irrigation systems & flood management;Facilitate connection of over 25,000 households to new micro-hydro power installations; connect over 70,000 homes to solar power & install RET in more than 200 schools/health clinics;Develop industry standard for ‘clean’ brick production and enable over half of the brick kilns (at least 400) to adopt more efficient technologies;Improve design of future CC programming & beyond through generation of Learning from the International 0.45 0.58 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General Environment The purpose of the programme is to provide the evidence and learning to increase the effectiveness and measure the impact of the UK’s international climate funding. Learning from the International 0.45 0.58 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment The purpose of the programme is to provide the evidence and learning to increase the effectiveness and measure the impact of the UK’s international climate funding. 0.27 0.35 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Government & Civil The Kenyan Constitution, adopted by referendum in 2010, introduced far reaching devolution to 47 newly-established counties. Hopes are high that devolution will improve accountability and service delivery and contribute to poverty reduction. The purpose of this programme is to build and improve public services for Kenyan citizens, particularly focusing at the county level where poverty exists and where public service delivery is poor. The programme will improve the ability of county governments to better plan, deliver and monitor the delivery of public services. This includes working with county governments to strengthen public financial management systems (e.g. improving accounting, audit and procurement systems) to ensure that public money is effectively spent and can be accounted for. It also includes a focus on critical services for example health and natural resource management (such as water scarcity due to climate change). The programme will help county governments to improve planning and allocation of budgets 0.63 0.81 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Government & Civil The Kenyan Constitution, adopted by referendum in 2010, introduced far reaching devolution to 47 newly-established counties. Hopes are high that devolution will improve accountability and service delivery and contribute to poverty reduction. The purpose of this programme is to build and improve public services for Kenyan citizens, particularly focusing at the county level where poverty exists and where public service delivery is poor. The programme will improve the ability of county governments to better plan, deliver and monitor the delivery of public services. This includes working with county governments to strengthen public financial management systems (e.g. improving accounting, audit and procurement systems) to ensure that public money is effectively spent and can be accounted for. It also includes a focus on critical services for example health and natural resource management (such as water scarcity due to climate change). The programme will help county governments to improve planning and allocation of budgets Green Economic Growth for Papua 0.85 1.09 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry "The programme aims to promote green growth in Papua. It will contribute to the government of Papua’s vision and spatial plan that intends to preserve 90 per cent forest cover in the province. In doing so the programme will support the provinces transition away from a high carbon business as usual growth trajectory onto a low carbon development The programme is designed to address the key barriers to private sector development in Papua that will enable firms to pursue low carbon business opportunities. It will work directly with firms, the financial sector, and the public sector to improve the commercial and environmental sustainability of small and medium sized enterprises. In addition, the programme will generate knowledge on how green growth can be implemented in Indonesia and globally." Regional Vulnerability Assessment 0.85 1.09 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General Environment Supporting countries in the Southern Africa Development Community to measure vulnerability to climate change and use this to inform and strengthen emergency and development responses. 0.70 0.90 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture Community based adaptation approaches for vulnerable communities incorporated into development policies and programmes in Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique and Niger with plans to replicate across Africa. Including, specifically, to increase the capacity of vulnerable households in sub-Saharan Africa to adapt to climate variability and change. Low Energy Inclusive Appliances 0.66 0.84 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy To undertake research to accelerate the availability, affordability, efficiency and performance of Low Energy Inclusive Appliances (LEIA) suited to developing country contexts. Domestic and small-industrial electrical appliances are key to increasing the impact of energy access for poor consumers, expanding the markets for household solar and mini-grid systems, and enabling the most efficient use of available power where the grid is unreliable.”

148 UK’s Fourth Biennial Report Recipient country/region/project/ Financial instrument Type of support Sector Additional Information Pakistan National Cash Transfers 0.63 0.80 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To reduce poverty and improve living standards and educational attainment in the poorest families by providing regular payments to the female head of household. This includes reducing vulnerability to shocks such as flooding due to climate change. 315,000 additional beneficiary families will benefit by 2020. This programme will contribute to 1.05 million primary school children being supported in school and directly contribute to Millennium Development Goals 1: Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger; and Millennium Development Goals 2: Achieve universal primary education. UK Support to Access to Finance Rwanda (AFR) Phase II Operations 0.62 0.80 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Banking & Financial To support a deeper and more inclusive financial sector that supports the livelihoods and well-being of low income people in Rwanda.