Business, Energy and Industrial Second Report of Session 2021–22 Report, together with formal minutes relating Ordered by the House of Commons by authority of the House of Commons

Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee The Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration and policy of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Darren Jones MP (Labour, Bristol North West) (Chair) Alan Brown MP (Scottish National Party, Kilmarnock and Loudoun) Judith Cummins MP (Labour, Bradford South) Richard Fuller MP (Conservative, North East Bedfordshire) Ms Nusrat Ghani MP (Conservative, Wealden) Paul Howell MP (Conservative, Sedgefield) Mark Jenkinson MP (Conservative, Workington) Charlotte Nichols MP (Labour, Warrington North) Sarah Owen MP (Labour, Luton North) Mark Pawsey MP (Conservative, Rugby) Alexander Stafford MP (Conservative, Rother Valley) The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the internet via © Parliamentary Copyright House of Commons 2021. This publication may be reproduced under the terms of the Open Parliament Licence, which is published at Committee reports are published on the Committee’s website at and in print by Order of the House. The current staff of the Committee are Bradley Albrow (Second Clerk), Dawn Amey (Committee Operations Manager), Zereena Arshad (Committee Specialist), Gary Calder (Media Officer), Dr Rebecca Davies (Clerk), Beth Dingley (POST Fellow), John Hitchcock (Committee Specialist), Catherine Kisanji (Inquiry Manager Intern), Becky Mawhood (Senior Committee Specialist), Louise Whitley (Senior Committee Specialist), and Sue Wrightman (Committee Operations Officer). All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA. The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 4494; the Committee’s email address is beiscom@parliament.uk You can follow the Committee on Twitter using @CommonsBEIS

1 Climate Assembly where are we now? The importance of engagement and education 6 Government progress on public engagement 7 The importance of deliberative engagement 9 Government response to the Assembly 11 The importance of a fair transition 15 Fairness in the Government’s plans for net zero and the Net Zero Review 16 Leadership, coordination and transparency 16 Conclusions and recommendations 20 List of Reports from the Committee during the current Parliament 25

3 Climate Assembly where are we now? 1. In June 2019, the Climate Change Act (2050 Target Amendment) Order 2019 was passed into legislation committing the UK to reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases by 100% (to “net zero”) by 2050 (compared to 1990 levels).1 As a step towards reaching this target, on 21 April 2021, the Government committed to reducing UK emissions by 78% by 2035.2 The Government has stated its intention to publish a Net Zero Strategy before November 2021, which will set out its plan, policy and milestones to achieve the 2050 net 2. In November 2019, the Government accepted the Climate Change Committee’s (CCC) recommendation that HM Treasury should run a Net Zero Review, investigating “how the costs of achieving net zero emissions are distributed and the benefits returned […] across the whole economy”, and “the full range of policy levers, including carbon pricing, taxes, financial incentives, public spending, regulation and information provision”.4 The final report from the Review was originally due in Autumn 2020. An interim report was published December 2020, but the final report is yet to be published. 3. During the 2017–19 Parliament, six select committees jointly commissioned a citizen’s assembly to deliberate on potential pathways to achieve the Government’s net zero target— the statutory target to reduce UK greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.5 Climate Assembly UK (CAUK) was designed to harness the attitudes of an informed public, through a citizens’ assembly, to help both Parliament and the Government gauge public opinion on a wide range of climate change policies and proposals. 4. CAUK was the first such UK-wide Assembly on climate change. It comprised 108 Assembly members randomly selected from across the UK, who were reflective of the UK population in terms of age, gender, geography, and attitudes towards climate change. The Assembly took place across six weekends in early 2020, three in person, with the remainder moved online due to Covid restrictions. Over these weekends, the Assembly members heard talks about climate change from a range of expert stakeholders and researchers, and they discussed and debated potential solutions and policy options. The Assembly members voted on their final recommendations by secret ballot.6 5. CAUK’s report, ‘The path to net zero’,7 was published on 10 September 2020 and sets out the Assembly’s recommendations in eight key policy areas, reducing emissions from travel on land and air, UK’s electricity generation, energy in the home, 1 Climate Change Act (2050 Target Amendment) Order 2019, section 1 . 2 HM Government, UK enshrines new target in law to slash emissions by 78% by 2035 , 20 April 2021 3 HM Government, The Government Response to the Committee on Climate Change’s 2020 Progress Report to Reducing UK emissions , October 2020 4 Climate Change Committee, Net The UK’ s contribution to stopping global warming , May 2019, p 196 5 The six commissioning committees were Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy; Environmental Audit; Housing, Communities and Local Government; Science and Technology; Transport; and Treasury. 6 To find more information about the Assembly’s process and participant selection see Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020), p 34–55 7 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020)

Climate Assembly where are we now? 4 things that we buy, food and land-use, greenhouse gas removals, and the Covid-19 recovery. The report also identified underlying principles which should underpin the transition to net zero, including “informing and educating everyone”, “fairness within the UK”, “leadership from government”, and “protecting and restoring the natural world”.8 The Government welcomed the report.
Rt Hon Alok Sharma MP, then Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy This Assembly represents the very best of civil society. It’s people from across the whole country who have come together, giving up their time to shape the future on climate action. […] I do believe that the climate assembly has shown us the benefits of working with a dedicated group. One that’s been given time and information to consider complex issues in full. […] And this report will help to shape the work that we in government are doing9 Rt Hon Kwasi Kwarteng MP, the (then) Minister of State at the Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Initiatives such as the Climate Assembly play an important role in helping to develop policies that are achievable and fair. [..] [C]itizen engagement [..] is absolutely necessary if we are going to achieve the net zero carbon emissions target that we have set ourselves. […] We completely agree with the spirit of the Climate Assembly’s recommendation on greater citizenship involvement […]. The Government will continue to engage with the public on the changes that are needed to develop our ambitions on net zero and to listen very attentively to feedback.10 6. We expect the timing of the Government’s response to coincide with the first anniversary of the publication of the Climate Assembly UK’s report. 7. We launched our inquiry into the ‘Findings of the report of Climate Assembly UK’ on 10 September 2020—the same day that the CAUK report’ was published.11 Our short inquiry has focussed on how Government and stakeholders have engaged with the findings of CAUK, and investigates how its recommendations have influenced the Government’s 8. We received 26 submissions of written evidence to the inquiry.13 On 15 June 2021, we heard oral evidence from CAUK members, stakeholders and policy experts14 and from the Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan MP, Minister for Business, Energy and Clean Growth. We would like to thank all those who have helped us with this inquiry. 9. This report does not seek to evaluate all the Climate Assembly’s conclusions and 9 UK Parliament, Climate Assembly Final report , accessed 28 June 2021 10 HC Deb, 26 November 2020, col 1064 [Commons Chamber] 11 HC Deb, 10 September 2020, col 812–814 . We published a full call for evidence on 19 April 2021 12 For the full terms of reference see here 13 Written evidence was submitted from groups and individuals spanning academia, lobby groups, statutory bodies, think tanks, business, Government, and teams involved in the delivery and evaluation of the Assembly. Written evidence to the inquiry can be found on the Committee’s website 14 Full list is attached at the back of this report. 5 Climate Assembly where are we now? recommendations. Instead, our focus is to explore how the CAUK report has influenced Government policy, and what (if any) progress it has made in implementing those recommendations, in accordance with the underlying principles set out by the CAUK. In chapter 1 we examine the impact Climate Assembly UK, as an exercise in public engagement, has had on the public, stakeholders, and the Government. We also look at how future public engagement should be tailored to maximise the success of the net zero transition. This would ensure that the transition prioritises the Assembly’s highest voted underpinning principal, “informing and education everyone”. In chapter 2 we consider how Government can ensure that the concept of “fairness”, a second highest underpinning principle identified by CAUK, is prioritised throughout the net zero transition. Climate Assembly where are we now? 6 The importance of engagement and education 10. Over the past two decades the UK has achieved a 40% reduction in carbon emissions.15 This has largely been achieved within the power sector, through the closure of coal plants and the increases in renewable energy capacity.16 Decarbonising other sectors, such as food, transport, and home energy, will have a more tangible impact on individual citizens, and the Climate Change Committee (CCC) suggests that behavioural changes will play a crucial role in the success or otherwise of the net zero transition.17 Climate Assembly UK (CAUK) identified that continued public engagement and education was a vital component in the UK’s journey towards net zero, and agreed that “informing and educating everyone” should be the number one underlying principal throughout the transition.18 11. The importance of public engagement for achieving net zero has been repeatedly highlighted by the National Audit Office (NAO), the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), and the CCC.19 In their 2021 Progress Report to Parliament, the CCC [m]eaningful public engagement will help build stronger public consent for the [net zero] transition […]. [People] should also be able to see a benefit from making low-carbon choices and have easy access to the information and funding required to make changes happen.20 12. In its written evidence, Lancaster Environment Centre told us how and why public engagement can support the Government to deliver the necessarily ambitious policies that will be required to achieve the net zero governments must aim to develop a ‘virtuous circle’ of climate strategy. This begins with widespread understanding of the climate crisis, and the emissions reductions necessary to meet agreed targets […]. The next step is to develop policies that are meaningful and engage citizens […] by linking to people’s lives and aspirations, as well as economic, health and other co- benefits. Popular measures help to build citizens’ support and engagement […] which in turn lays the ground for a more ambitious strategy […]. If, [at] any stage, there is not enough understanding or support for proposed climate action, there is a risk of a backlash.21 13. In March 2021 the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) commissioned a report on public engagement and net zero. Dr Christina Demski, who authored the subsequent report, Net zero public engagement and participation , found that “public engagement may have the potential to impact the pace of delivery, cost and success of net zero”.
Dr Demski identified high levels of scepticism from the public about 15 Climate Change Committee, Progress in reducing 2021 Report to Parliament , June 2021, p 8 16 Climate Change Committee, Progress in reducing 2021 Report to Parliament , June 2021 18 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020), p 12, p 58 19 Comptroller and Auditor General’s Report, Achieving Net Zero , Session 2019–21, HC 1035, December 2020, para 3.23–3.28; Committee of Public Accounts, Forty-Sixth Report for Session 2019–21, Achieving Net Zero , HC 935, para 18–20; Climate Change Committee, The Sixth Carbon The UK’s path the net zero (December 2020), Climate Change Committee, Progress in reducing 2021 Report to Parliament , June 2021 20 Climate Change Committee, Progress in reducing 2021 Report to Parliament , June 2021, p 17 21 Lancaster Environment Centre ( CAUK0022)

7 Climate Assembly where are we now? the motivation and commitment from a range of stakeholders (e.g. energy companies, industry) to reaching net zero targets. She concluded that increased engagement with the public could help build this trust, which could then spur more individual action, as members of the public have increased willingness to act on the delivery of net zero, if there are assurances that others are doing the same.22 Government progress on public engagement 14. Both the CCC and the PAC have recently found that the Government’s progress on public engagement has been inadequate. In its report, Achieving Net Zero, March 2021 , PAC concluded that the Government has “not yet properly engaged with the public on the substantial behaviour changes that achieving net zero will require”.23 15. To date, and as part of the UK’s Presidency of COP26,24 the UK Government has launched two major engagement campaigns. The first, Together For Our Planet,25 launched on 10 November 2020, is designed to “raise awareness of COP26 and the work the UK is doing to combat climate change”.26 So far, the campaign has two competitions for children; a challenge programme to find new digital and data technology solutions to tackle climate change issues; and a schools COP and climate change resources pack. The second, Plant For Our Planet, was launched on 5 June 2021, and is the only campaign, to date, which is targeted at individual adults (outside of the business community).27 This initiative aims to get the country planting trees and flowers to help tackle climate change, but the campaign does not address the net zero transition explicitly or the behaviour changes which civil society will need to make. 16. Through the COP26 Presidency, the UK Government is also involved in the UN- backed Race to Zero campaign, which encourages non-state actors to set net zero targets.28 Given the importance of public engagement to the successful delivery of the UK’s net zero target, these initiatives alone are not enough. 17. Several witnesses29 identified the need for more public engagement in the future. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation wrote that the assembly “paves the way for continued government investment in public engagement on climate”. 30 Prof. Rebecca Willis, a CAUK expert lead and environmental policy academic at Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University explained that previous decarbonisation has focussed on changes which the general population would not notice (such as powering the grid using renewable 22 Newgate Research and Cambridge Zero, Net Zero Public Dialogue , March 2021 23 Climate Change Committee, Progress in reducing 2021 Report to Parliament , June 2021, p 17, p 29; Committee of Public Accounts, Forty-Sixth Report for Session 2019–21, Achieving Net Zero , HC 935, p 3 24 COP26 (the 26th Conference of Parties) is the UN climate summit that the UK will host in Glasgow in November 25 HM Government, ‘ Together For Our Planet ’, accessed 21 June 2021 26 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( CAUK0014) 27 Public urged to Planet For Our Planet in a new campaign launched today, Department of Environment, Food & Rural Affairs press release, serial number , 5 June 2021 28 UNFCCC, Race To Zero, accessed 25 June 2021 29 Lancaster Environment Centre ( CAUK0022), Abundance Investment ( CAUK0012), Paul Johns (Member at Public) (CAUK0028), Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation UK Branch ( CAUK0010), Citizens Advice (CAUK0025), Ombudsman Services ( CAUK0023), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ), Q7, Q17, Q20 [Signe Norberg], Q22 , 30 Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation UK Branch ( CAUK0010)

Climate Assembly where are we now? 8 energy), but future changes will affect people’s lives, and so can no longer remain invisible. She added that this provides “the opportunity to have an ongoing conversation [with the public] about the need to reduce emissions and the ways in which we can do it [so that it] improve[s their] lives.”31 In addition, some groups in society may not feel able to engage with the net zero goal. This could be due to a lack of time or money, a lack of appropriate skills, knowledge and experience, a lack of available transport or due to existing responsibilities.32 It is important that engagement campaigns keep these disengaged groups in mind when developing policies, to ensure that they are not disproportionately impacted during the 18. The Government supports the Assembly’s recommendation, that there needs to be greater education, information and engagement surrounding the topics of climate change and net zero,33 and has committed to “communicating [their] public engagement approach leading up to COP26 in [the] Net Zero Strategy”.34 However, when we asked the Minister for Business Energy and Clean Growth, Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan MP, about the Government’s plans for further public engagement, especially for engaging those out of formal learning environments, and the disengaged, she was unable to offer any proposals or initiatives specifically targeted to such groups, or specify how these groups will be 19. In its 2021 Progress Report to Parliament, published on 24 June 2021, the CCC recommended that the Cabinet Office and the BEIS department work together to develop a full Public Engagement Strategy, to be published in 2021–22.
The CCC suggests that this strategy should build on CAUK’s recommendations to involve citizens in the decision- making process on decarbonisation choices.36 20. Despite its commitment to engage the public on the key choices to be made on the path to Net Zero, the Government’s initiatives to date, though welcome, are insufficient. The lack of specific plans to engage with those who are no longer in formal education, or those who are disengaged are particularly stark and must be remedied. 21. We agree with the Climate Change Committee and endorse its recommendation that the Government must publish a net zero Public Engagement Strategy, which includes detailed plans for education and engagement during the transition to net zero. We recommend that the Government base the content of the Public Engagement Strategy on the conclusions from the Climate Assembly UK report, and explicitly refer to the Assembly’s recommendations on a topic where relevant. 22. The Public Engagement Strategy should include details of how the Government will work to engage all segments of the public, including those who are no longer in formal education, or those who are disengaged. This should be published as soon as possible, but, at the very latest alongside the long-awaited Net Zero Strategy. 32 Pattie, C., Seyd, P. and Whiteley P. (2004) Citizenship in Britain Cambridge University Press p.86 33 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( CAUK0014) 34 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( CAUK0014) 36 Climate Change Committee, Progress in reducing 2021 Report to Parliament , June 2021 p 192

9 Climate Assembly where are we now? The importance of deliberative engagement 23. Deliberative public engagement is an approach of involving people who represent a community in decision-making on an issue which affects them. During the deliberative process, members have the chance to learn about and discuss this issue before coming to platform, identified in their blog post “Deliberative engagement builds trust within contrary views and potential tensions to emerge and be managed in a structured, respectful manner. This in turn adds to the depth and richness of reaching consensus. It can often mean engaging with rather than avoiding 24. CAUK was a large-scale exercise in deliberative democracy. Being involved in a deliberative engagement event, like CAUK, can greatly impact the participants as well. Evidence shows that participants often change their attitudes on policies, and opinions on relevant topics due to taking part.38 Indeed, the official, independent CAUK evaluation team told us that CAUK had a large impact on many of the Assembly members’ attitudes Through participating in [the assembly] the [members] learnt about climate change and decarbonisation, changed their views to think reaching Net Zero was more achievable, improved their participation skills and gained trust in parliament and the political system.39 25. 83% of Assembly members reported behaviour changes after taking part in the Assembly and 72% were more convinced that achieving net zero by 2050 would be possible than they were before participating in CAUK. CAUK’s delivery team, Involve also ran a survey with 166 responses.40 This survey found that that the Assembly has had a big impact on other individuals and organisations. 85% of respondents have discussed the Assembly with colleagues or work contacts, 78% said their own thinking had been shaped by the idea of the Assembly, and 63% said their own work or thinking had been influenced 38 E.g. Luskin, Robert C., James S. Fishkin, and Roger Jowell. “ Considered Deliberative polling in Britain”, British Journal of Political Science, vol 32 (2002) pp 455–487; Barabas, Jason. “ How deliberation affects policy opinions”, American Political Science Review, vol 98 (2004), pp 687–701. ; James Fishkin, When the People Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation, (Oxford 2009) 39 From the Climate Assembly UK website - “Two academics – Dr Stephen Elstub from Newcastle University and Professor David Farrell of University College Dublin – will undertake the broad evaluation of Climate Assembly UK. Stephen and David are both specialists in what is known as ‘deliberative democracy’. This includes the use of citizens’ assemblies as a complement and aid to the work of MPs and other elected representatives. Following the assembly’s weekend sessions, Stephen and David will consider a number of different aspects of Climate Assembly UK to determine how effective it was, and whether there are any key learnings to use in future citizens’ assemblies. In particular, the evaluation will focus on how assembly members were recruited, how expertise was presented to assembly members, how individuals’ views evolved during the four weekends, and the assembly’s impact on Parliament.”, accessed 28 June 2021; Their written evidence to the inquiry Stephen Elstub (Reader in British Politics at Newcastle University and Study of Parliament Group Member); Professor David Farrell (Professor of Politics at University College Dublin); Patricia Mockler (PhD Candidate at Queens University Belfast) ( CAUK0024). 40 Most respondents to the survey work in either academia, business, a Governmental group, a trade union, or a campaign group, and over 93% of those surveyed focus on climate change or sustainability at work. 18% of the respondents had spoken at the assembly, and 54% had attended a briefing about the assembly’s

Climate Assembly where are we now? 10 26. The survey also showed strong consensus among respondents on the future use of citizens assemblies and other methods. 84% of respondents agreed that UK Parliament should use citizens assemblies again in the future, and 83% agreed that Government should take account of the recommendations when developing policy. UK100 and IPPR also told us that the design of CAUK event was useful in helping to design some local citizens’ assemblies and juries, and similarly, the design of Scotland’s Climate Assembly was influenced and guided by lessons they learnt from the delivery of CAUK.41 27.
Signe Norberg, Head of Public Affairs and Communications at the Aldersgate Group, told us that deliberative engagement is useful for businesses, as they can use the recommendations to advise their work and have more confidence that there will be public support and buy-in for subsequent products and strategies they introduce.42 Sustrans (a walking and cycling lobby group), the National Farmers Union (NFU), and OFTEC (an energy trade body) told us that many of the findings of the Assembly mirrored much of their research, and as such has helped add credibility to the three groups’ work where it aligns with the CAUK recommendations.43 However, the NFU also voiced a concern [e]ngineered solutions [to greenhouse gas removals] […] are inherently complex areas that require a high level of technical understanding but were covered in only one session [at the Assembly]. This may have impacted the overall recommendations because in contrast, nature-based solutions are 28. In addition to the usefulness of deliberative engagement for individuals and businesses, it also has the potential to be useful for the Government. The Aldersgate Group told us that the report gives the Government a “licence to act” on climate policy.45 There has already been some engagement with the Assembly’s conclusions, for example, the Department has facilitated briefings for over 400 civil servants on the Assembly’s findings.46 Lancaster Environment Centre told us that, through their work with BEIS officials, that they observed “an appetite in government for greater use of deliberative processes to engage citizens in policy decisions” since the Assembly.47 Policy Connect, OFTEC and Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) noted that there is also evidence of the themes of the Assembly being used in Government policy already, such as in the 10 Point Plan and the Energy White Paper.48 29. Several witnesses subsequently advised that deliberative engagement should be further utilised by Government in the net zero transition,49 as it provides the Government with 41 The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) ( CAUK0018); UK100 (CAUK0019), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) (CAUK0007 ); Scotland’s Climate Assembly ( CAUK0004 ) 43 Sustrans (CAUK0002), National Farmers’ Union (NFU) ( CAUK0021), OFTEC (CAUK0011) 44 National Farmers’ Union (NFU) ( CAUK0021) 46 The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) ( CAUK0018), Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 47 Lancaster Environment Centre ( CAUK0022) 48 Policy Connect ( CAUK0026), OFTEC (CAUK0011), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ); HM Government, The Ten Point Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution , November 2020; Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, The Energy White Powering our Net Zero Future, CP 337 , December 2020 49 Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation UK Branch ( CAUK0010), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ), Energy Systems Catapult ( CAUK0013), The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) ( CAUK0018), Lancaster Environment Centre (CAUK0022), Q21 [Rebecca Willis]

11 Climate Assembly where are we now? an opportunity to begin a two-way discussion with the public to learn which policies they support. Rebecca Willis noted that people’s support for policies “increases if they know that it is something that has been discussed and agreed by citizens as part of a democratic process like a climate assembly”.50 Rebecca Willis also warned that if the public does not trust proposed policies, this could lead to backlash which would jeopardise the success of the net zero transition, citing the gilet jaunes movement in France and the recently failed Swiss referendum on climate change policies.51 30. Both Abundance Investment and the IPPR suggested that climate assemblies should play a role in the Government’s future public engagement strategy, but that these should not necessarily be on the same scale as CAUK.52 These could either be more localised geographically,53 or focus in on specific aspects of the net zero transition.54 Energy Systems Catapult, Policy Connect and The Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations also stressed that using a variety of methods for future engagement is essential.55 In particular, Energy Systems Catapult said “[i]n order to enhance the involvement of the public in decision making, it is important to give people experience of the things they are being asked to deliberate on”.56 31. Climate Assembly UK has proved that deliberative engagement is important for both building consensus and maintaining public trust in the net zero transition and will facilitate the behavioural change required to underpin a successful transition to net zero. We recommend that the Government, in its Net Zero Strategy, sets out its plans for deliberative engagement on net zero policies through citizens assemblies, citizens Government response to the Assembly 32. To date the Government has not provided a full response to the Climate Assembly UK report. The Government’s written evidence to our inquiry provided a partial response, highlighting those recommendations which have since been reflected in Government policy, for example bringing forward the ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and increasing capacity for renewable energy. However, the response does not mention the majority of the Assembly’s recommendations, for example reducing the consumption of meat and dairy, implementing carbon labelling on products, and increasing the transparency between Government and big energy companies.57 The response also fails to discuss the areas of announced policy which directly contradict with the findings of the Assembly, other than a brief mention of why the Government doesn’t intend to introduce frequent flyer levies. 58 In particular, the Assembly disagreed with the widespread use of nuclear energy and using fossil fuels with greenhouse gas removal methods in the future.59 The Prime Minister’s 10 Point Plan describes an increase in the usage of both 51 Who are the gilets jaunes and what do they want?
, The Guardian, 7 December 2018; Swiss voters reject key climate change measures , BBC, 13 June 2021; Q17 52 Abundance Investment ( CAUK0012), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ) 53 Abundance Investment ( CAUK0012) 54 IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ) 55 Energy Systems Catapult ( CAUK0013), The Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations ( CAUK0015), Policy Connect ( CAUK0026), Q17 56 Energy Systems Catapult ( CAUK0013) 57 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( CAUK0014). The Government’s response to this inquiry covered only 30% (39 out of 130) of the recommendations listed in Climate Assembly UK executive summary. 58 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( CAUK0014) 59 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020), p 24, p

Climate Assembly where are we now? 12 energy types, with no mention of the Climate Assembly’s concerns.60 We asked Minister Trevelyan about how the Government will bring the public on board if these controversial technologies are continued to be utilised, however she was unable to tell us.61 33. CAUK members and the majority of witnesses to our inquiry have been clear that the Government should publish a detailed response to the CAUK recommendations. 88% of Assembly members voted for the recommendation that there should be a “follow-up on the outcomes of the Assembly covering what has been taken into account, what hasn’t and why”.62 Nearly two thirds of those who submitted written evidence to our inquiry separately called for a response from Government,63 several of whom 64 recommended that the Government should publish a formal response to the CAUK report, with some65 specifically requesting a comprehensive point-by-point response to each of the recommendations in the CAUK report. 34. A formal response to the CAUK report would benefit not only the Assembly members, organisations, and citizens keen to understand how the Government is using the CAUK’s recommendations, but also the Government itself. Publication of a point-by-point response to the CAUK recommendations would demonstrate that the Government is listening to, and considering, public preferences for achieving net zero, and that it recognises the need to engage and consult the public on options to deliver a transition that is expected to have a direct and visible impact on everyday life over the coming decades. 35. While the Government has adopted CAUKs recommendations in a number of policy areas such as offshore wind energy, and switching to electric vehicles, this partial response means it is difficult to understand or assess the overall impact that CAUK has had on Government policy.66 To enhance public trust in, and support for, the net zero transition, the Government should also communicate how policy decisions are taking account of citizens’ views, including CAUK recommendations. This is particularly important when 60 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, The Energy White Powering our Net Zero 62 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020), p 31 63 Dr Alan Renwick (Deputy Director and Associate Professor in British Politics at Constitution Unit, University College London) ( CAUK0009 ), Sustainability First ( CAUK0005 ), Sustrans (CAUK0002), Citizens Advice (CAUK0025), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ), The Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAUK0015), Lancaster Environment Centre ( CAUK0022), The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) (CAUK0018), Stephen Elstub (Reader in British Politics at Newcastle University and Study of Parliament Group Member); Professor David Farrell (Professor of Politics at University College Dublin); Patricia Mockler (PhD Candidate at Queens University Belfast) ( CAUK0024), Paul Johns (Member at Public) ( CAUK0028), Energy and Utilities Alliance ( CAUK0006 ), Abundance Investment ( CAUK0012), UK100 (CAUK0019), Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation UK Branch ( CAUK0010), Food, Farming and Countryside Commission ( CAUK0003) 64 Dr Alan Renwick (Deputy Director and Associate Professor in British Politics at Constitution Unit, University College London) ( CAUK0009 ), Sustainability First ( CAUK0005 ), Sustrans (CAUK0002), Citizens Advice (CAUK0025), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ), The Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAUK0015), Lancaster Environment Centre ( CAUK0022), The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) (CAUK0018), Stephen Elstub (Reader in British Politics at Newcastle University and Study of Parliament Group Member); Professor David Farrell (Professor of Politics at University College Dublin); Patricia Mockler (PhD Candidate at Queens University Belfast) ( CAUK0024), Paul Johns (Member at Public) ( CAUK0028) 65 The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) ( CAUK0018), Dr Alan Renwick (Deputy Director and Associate Professor in British Politics at Constitution Unit, University College London) ( CAUK0009 ), Lancaster Environment Centre (CAUK0022), Stephen Elstub (Reader in British Politics at Newcastle University and Study of Parliament Group Member); Professor David Farrell (Professor of Politics at University College Dublin); Patricia Mockler (PhD Candidate at Queens University Belfast) ( CAUK0024), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ) 66 The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) ( CAUK0018), The Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAUK0015), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ), Lancaster Environment Centre ( CAUK0022), Paul Johns (Member at Public) ( CAUK0028), Citizens Advice (CAUK0025), Sustainability First ( CAUK0005 )

13 Climate Assembly where are we now? the Government’s policies differ from the Assembly’s recommendations. The UK Branch, of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation said To sustain public trust and engagement in citizens assemblies, government need to take seriously the recommendations that emerge from such deliberative processes. The extent to which the Government does so will inspire confidence in the public, whose own actions are essential to meeting key environmental goals in the transition to net zero.67 36. Witnesses to our inquiry did not expect the Government to accept all of the Assembly’s recommendations, but they did expect the Government to be able to provide explanations for why it is—or is not—taking certain recommendations forward.68 Involve It is not the case that a good response from the Government requires it to accept all the assembly’s recommendations. The public’s preferences are one important source of input to policy decisions, but they are not the only ones.
However, it is the case that the Government should have a good reason for not accepting a recommendation from the Assembly and that this should be clearly explained in its response.69 37. We were pleased to secure a commitment from the Minister, Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan MP, that the Government will formally respond to each recommendation in the Assembly’s report.70 However, we were disappointed that in follow up correspondence she indicated that the Government’s written submission to this inquiry, along with her oral evidence, responds to “all the major areas of the Climate Assembly Report and [their] views on them”.71 We disagree with this assessment. Whilst the Government’s written evidence for this inquiry does contain some detail on areas where the Government has made progress on implementing CAUK’s recommendations, it fails to mention many of the Assembly’s key recommendations, and in particular it addresses few of the Assembly recommendations which have not been adopted by the Government.72 These omissions demonstrate an inadequate commitment to, and engagement with, the wealth of material included in the CAUK report. This not only potentially undermines public trust in, and support for, the net zero transition, but also shows a short-sighted lack of engagement with, and substantive consideration of, policy recommendations which have public support, and could play a crucial part in achieving the Government’s stated aim of achieving net 38. We are disappointed that the Minister has rowed back on the commitment given to us in oral evidence that the Government would provide a comprehensive and point-by-point response to the recommendations in CAUK’s ambitious report. 67 Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation UK Branch ( CAUK0010) 68 Dr Alan Renwick (Deputy Director and Associate Professor in British Politics at Constitution Unit, University College London) ( CAUK0009 ), Lancaster Environment Centre ( CAUK0022), Stephen Elstub (Reader in British Politics at Newcastle University and Study of Parliament Group Member); Professor David Farrell (Professor of Politics at University College Dublin); Patricia Mockler (PhD Candidate at Queens University Belfast) ( CAUK0024), IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ) 69 The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) ( CAUK0018) 72 Some example Assembly recommendations which the Government has failed to acknowledge a reduction in meat and dairy consumption; implementing carbon labelling on products, food, and drinks; increasing the transparency between Government and big energy companies; getting to net zero without pushing emissions

Climate Assembly where are we now? 14 We do not consider the Government’s submission and the Minister’s oral evidence to this Committee as being sufficient in this regard and ask the Minister to honour her commitment to provide a full response. 39. We recommend that the Government publish a comprehensive, point-by-point response to the CAUKs report. This would provide clarity on how the Government has 40. This point-by-point response to Climate Assembly UK’s recommendations should provide a full assessment of which recommendations will be accepted in full or in part and which will be rejected, along with an explanation for why the recommendation is being rejected. We expect this response to be published before the Assembly’s one-year anniversary in September and as part of the Government’s response to this report. 15 Climate Assembly where are we now? The importance of a fair transition 41. Climate Assembly UK (CAUK) identified that, after public engagement, ‘fairness’ was the second most important principle which should underpin the transition to net zero, both in terms of the distribution of impacts, and the contribution that different groups are expected to make towards the target. The CAUK report emphasised the need fairness “including for the most vulnerable ([in terms of] affordability, jobs, UK regions, incentives and rewards)”;73 a joined-up approach across society, where everyone plays their part;74 and fairness to be delivered “in actions, not just words”.75 42. The importance of fairness was reiterated throughout the CAUK report. Several sector-specific recommendations called for Government to adopt approaches that will distribute costs fairly, or to make information and support accessible to all, whilst others provided a judgement on what a fair allocation of (or payment for) high carbon resources might look like.76 The recommendations provide unique insights into what a representative and informed cross-section of the UK public perceives as a fair net zero transition.77 43. To fulfil their role in achieving net zero, consumers will have to make many behavioural changes and choices to decarbonise their lifestyles. The CCC has estimated that over 40% of the emissions cuts required to achieve the Sixth Carbon Budget78 will require some degree of change from consumers (e.g. switching to a low carbon heating system), whilst over 15% will require consumer choices (e.g. changes to diet, reduced air travel, purchasing longer-lasting products). 79 The CCC suggested that this reliance on [f]airness is […] fundamental to public support [for the transition to Net Zero] and must be embedded throughout policy. Only a transition that is perceived as fair, and where people, places and communities are well- 44. According to the CCC, if the UK is to put itself on track for the 2050 target, the next 10 years will be critical for the decarbonisation of heating and transportation.81 Many changes are expected (in the absence of policy intervention) to incur significant costs to the individual, for example, investments to improve the energy efficiency of the home,82 or switching to electric cars.83 Rebecca Willis suggested that consumers should not have 73 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020) 74 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020), p 7 75 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020) 76 Examples of CAUK recommendations highlighting the need for fairness “ensure solutions [to land travel] are accessible and affordable to all sections of society; “frequent fliers and those that fly further should pay more”; “a need for [home energy] solutions to work for all income groups and housing types”.
Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020) p 14, p 16, p 18 77 IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) ( CAUK0007 ) 78 The Sixth Carbon Budget, required under the Climate Change Act, is the UK’s target emission reductions 79 Climate Change Committee, The Sixth Carbon The UK’s path the net zero (December 2020), p70 80 Climate Change Committee, The Sixth Carbon The UK’s path the net zero (December 2020), p 14 82 Climate Change Committee, Net Zero - The UK’s contribution to stopping global warming (May 2019) 83 Department for Government takes historic step towards net-zero with end of sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2030 , November 2020

Climate Assembly where are we now? 16 to make these difficult decisions unaided, and that societal systems, such as the food or transport systems, should be structured so that the low-carbon choice is the easy one to choose.84 Dr David Joffe, Head of Carbon Budgets at the CCC, agreed and added that people should not become “worse-off through making low-carbon choices”,85 whilst Signe Norberg, Head of Public Affairs and Communications for the Aldersgate Group, highlighted the need for differentiated support for less affluent when Government and businesses implement their own actions [to decarbonise buildings], there [should be] mindful consideration of how [these are] rolled out to those who are able to pay and those who are not.86 Fairness in the Government’s plans for net zero and the Net Zero 45. The Government recognises the necessity of ensuring that the net zero transition is fair. 87 Minister Trevelyan told us that delivering a fair transition was “absolutely fundamental”,88 and that fairness for consumers was one of the three key goals outlined in the UK Government’s Energy White Paper, which sets out high-level plans to decarbonise the energy sector in line with the net zero target.89 HM Treasury is currently investigating how to fund the net zero transition, maintain economic growth and ensure the costs will be fairly distributed across society, as part of its Net Zero Review.90 Both David Joffe and Signe Norberg emphasised that the results of the Net Zero Review will be crucial in ensuring adequate support is made available to ensure fairness throughout the net zero transition. David Joffe stressed that swift publication of a Review containing detailed plans—not just a high-level overview—would be critical for timely decarbonisation of heating in homes, noting that time will be required to conduct engagement processes once the Government’s overarching framework to deliver net zero is in place.91 46. The upcoming Net Zero Review is critical in ensuring fairness across society in the transition to net zero. This should be published as a matter of priority to maximise the time available, both, to consult and engage the public and businesses. We recommend that BEIS work closely with HM Treasury to ensure that the Net Zero Review be published as soon as possible, and at the very latest, alongside the Net Zero Strategy, expected in Leadership, coordination and transparency 47. The CAUK report identified that strong leadership from Government will be essential for achieving net zero.92 It called for “clear, proactive, accountable and consistent” leadership, with a cross-party consensus on the path forwards. It further recommended 87 For Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, The Energy White Powering our Net Zero Future, CP 337, December 2020; HM Treasury, National Infrastructure Strategy, CP 329, November 2020; HM Treasury, Net Zero terms of reference , November 2020 89 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, The Energy White Powering our Net Zero Future, CP 337, December 2020, p 4 90 HM Treasury, ‘Net Zero Terms of reference’ , accessed 21 June 2021 92 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020), p 12, p 30

17 Climate Assembly where are we now? a ‘joined up approach” to net zero across society, and that plans for the transition should include an active role for local authorities, especially when decarbonising energy usage in homes. 93 This was supported by the local government leaders group UK100, who told us that the Government’s net zero framework should guide coordination with local authorities, civil society, and their citizens.94 David Joffe and Rebecca Willis said that it is also important that this framework caters to the most vulnerable, and protects them in the transition, whether they are engaged with net zero or not.95 48. A comprehensive Net Zero Strategy that provides direction on expected policy changes will be essential to deliver coordinated action across Government, local authorities, business and citizens. Signe Norberg advised that this should include clear timelines for the “introduction of policies and mechanisms, innovation programmes, skills development and the alignment of economic and financial policy and infrastructure 49. Creating a comprehensive and transparent framework will help to build public trust in the measures put forward, and give businesses the confidence to build supply-chains, invest in low-carbon technologies and transition workers’ skills for a net zero future.97 Investing in net zero infrastructure will also help to nudge these consumer choices towards low-carbon options,98 and therefore will help the UK reach its 2050 target. 50. If the Government is to succeed in establishing a joined-up approach to net zero with local authorities, business and citizens, it will be essential also to coordinate policymaking across the various Departments involved in the transition. However, select committees have repeatedly concluded that cross-departmental coordination on climate policy is ineffective.99 The inadequacy of cross departmental coordination across Whitehall in delivering net zero has been brought into sharp focus due to the UK’s Presidency of COP26, and increased focus and scrutiny of Government policy and activity in the run up to the conference itself in November 2021.
A series of high-profile reports on net zero governance by the Institute for Government, the NAO, our committee, and the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), concur that existing governance arrangements across Whitehall are inadequate to deliver the Government’s own net zero target.100 This will be the focus of our new inquiry Net Zero Governance launched on 24 June 2021.101 51. The Government must ensure that the rationale behind the route to net zero is made clear and is transparent. This is key to earning the trust of both business and citizens, which would, in turn incite positive action across the population. We recommend that the Net Zero Strategy include specific timelines for the implementation of specific 93 Climate Assembly UK, The path to net zero (10 September 2020), p12, p 18 99 For example, Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, Fourteenth Report of Session 2017–19, Electric driving the transition , HC 383, para74; Environmental Audit Committee, Ninth Report of Session 2017–19, adapting to climate change , HC 826, para 32 100 Institute for Government, Net how government can meet its climate change target , September 2020; Comptroller and Auditor General’s Report, Achieving Net Zero , Session 2019–21, HC 1035, December 2020, para 2.9–2.10; Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, Third Report of Session 2019–21, Net zero and UN climate Scrutiny of Preparations for COP26 - interim report , HC 1265; Committee of Public Accounts, Forty-Sixth Report for Session 2019–21, Achieving Net Zero , HC 935, para 8–10 101 Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, Net Zero Governance inquiry

Climate Assembly where are we now? 18 policies through to 2050 in order to prepare business, supply chains, and citizens for the changes that will come with achieving net zero. Where there is uncertainty in relation to the implementation of future policies, the Government should provide the dates by 52. The Government must also re-double its efforts to lead a joined-up approach to net zero with local authorities, business and citizens. Central to this is improved, co-ordinated policymaking across Whitehall. The inadequacy of cross departmental coordination across Whitehall in delivering net zero has been brought into sharp focus in the context of the UK’s Presidency of COP26, and increased focus on and scrutiny of Government policy and activity in the run up to the conference itself in November 2021. Cross -departmental co-ordination will be the focus of our new inquiry into Net

19 Climate Assembly where are we now? Thank you for your work as chair of the BEIS Select Committee on the findings of the Climate Assembly UK’s final report. During oral evidence I gave on this work, held on Tuesday 15 June, you requested that the Government formally respond to each point of the Climate Assembly UK’s final report. As you know, Government has been working closely with the Climate Assembly UK since it was first commissioned, engaging regularly in meetings, observing the Assembly, and hosting the expert leads for a presentation of the Assembly’s findings to over 400 HMG officials. The COP President Designate Rt Hon Alok Sharma MP (in his previous role as Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy) spoke at the launch event of the Climate Assembly UK report on 10th September 2020 and welcomed the report. The Prime Minister also welcomed the interim and final reports. The recommendations of the Climate Assembly covered short term actions as well as longer-term areas for consideration. I therefore see the Climate Assembly work as an important process that should inform our thinking over the long term not just our immediate Government actions. I hope you agree that we gave a very detailed view of the Citizen Assembly’s work in responding to your Committee’s Call for Written Evidence, which I attach for reference. This not only responded to the Select Committee questions but also went through all the major areas o the Climate Assembly Report and our views As well as the Oral evidence I have given, we will, of course, respond to the Select Committee’s report at the end of this inquiry where we would be happy to elaborate further on any areas in relation to our views on the Climate Assembly Report. I hope you agree this provides for a thorough examination of how the Government views the Climate Assembly process and recommendations. However, as I say, I am happy to consider any further clarification we can provide in response to your inquiry. Thank you again for raising this issue. I hope this response is helpful. Minister of State for Energy, Clean Growth and Climate Change

Climate Assembly where are we now? 20 Conclusions and recommendations 1. Despite its commitment to engage the public on the key choices to be made on the path to Net Zero, the Government’s initiatives to date, though welcome, are insufficient. The lack of specific plans to engage with those who are no longer in formal education, or those who are disengaged are particularly stark and must be 2. We agree with the Climate Change Committee and endorse its recommendation that the Government must publish a net zero Public Engagement Strategy, which includes detailed plans for education and engagement during the transition to net zero. We recommend that the Government base the content of the Public Engagement Strategy on the conclusions from the Climate Assembly UK report, and explicitly refer to the Assembly’s recommendations on a topic where relevant. (Paragraph 21) 3. The Public Engagement Strategy should include details of how the Government will work to engage all segments of the public, including those who are no longer in formal education, or those who are disengaged. This should be published as soon as possible, but, at the very latest alongside the long-awaited Net Zero Strategy. (Paragraph 22) 4. Climate Assembly UK has proved that deliberative engagement is important for both building consensus and maintaining public trust in the net zero transition and will facilitate the behavioural change required to underpin a successful transition to net zero.
We recommend that the Government, in its Net Zero Strategy, sets out its plans for deliberative engagement on net zero policies through citizens assemblies, citizens juries and other methods. (Paragraph 31) 5. We are disappointed that the Minister has rowed back on the commitment given to us in oral evidence that the Government would provide a comprehensive and point-by-point response to the recommendations in CAUK’s ambitious report. We do not consider the Government’s submission and the Minister’s oral evidence to this Committee as being sufficient in this regard and ask the Minister to honour her commitment to provide a full response. (Paragraph 38) 6. We recommend that the Government publish a comprehensive, point-by-point response to the CAUKs report. This would provide clarity on how the Government has engaged with the report. (Paragraph 39) 7. This point-by-point response to Climate Assembly UK’s recommendations should provide a full assessment of which recommendations will be accepted in full or in part and which will be rejected, along with an explanation for why the recommendation is being rejected. We expect this response to be published before the Assembly’s one-year anniversary in September and as part of the Government’s response to this report. 21 Climate Assembly where are we now? 8. The upcoming Net Zero Review is critical in ensuring fairness across society in the transition to net zero. This should be published as a matter of priority to maximise the time available, both, to consult and engage the public and businesses. We recommend that BEIS work closely with HM Treasury to ensure that the Net Zero Review be published as soon as possible, and at the very latest, alongside the Net Zero Strategy, expected in September. (Paragraph 46) 9. The Government must ensure that the rationale behind the route to net zero is made clear and is transparent. This is key to earning the trust of both business and citizens, which would, in turn incite positive action across the population. We recommend that the Net Zero Strategy include specific timelines for the implementation of specific policies through to 2050 in order to prepare business, supply chains, and citizens for the changes that will come with achieving net zero. Where there is uncertainty in relation to the implementation of future policies, the Government should provide the dates by which decisions must be made. (Paragraph 51) 10. The Government must also re-double its efforts to lead a joined-up approach to net zero with local authorities, business and citizens. Central to this is improved, co- ordinated policymaking across Whitehall. The inadequacy of cross departmental coordination across Whitehall in delivering net zero has been brought into sharp focus in the context of the UK’s Presidency of COP26, and increased focus on and scrutiny of Government policy and activity in the run up to the conference itself in November 2021. Cross-departmental co-ordination will be the focus of our new inquiry into Net Zero Governance. (Paragraph 52)

Climate Assembly where are we now? 22 Draft Report (Climate Assembly where are we now? ), proposed by the Chair, brought Ordered, That the draft Report be read a second time, paragraph by paragraph. Paragraphs 1 to 52 read and agreed to. Resolved, That the Report be the Second of the Committee to the House. Ordered, That the Chair make the Report to the House. Ordered, That embargoed copies of the Report be made available, in accordance with the provisions of Standing Order No. 134. [Adjourned till Tuesday 13 July at 9:45am

23 Climate Assembly where are we now? The following witnesses gave evidence. Transcripts can be viewed on the inquiry publications page of the Committee’s website. Sue Peachey, Assembly Member, Climate Assembly UK; Ibrahim Wali, Assembly Member, Climate Assembly UK Q1–11 David Joffe , Head of Carbon Budgets, Climate Change Committee; Rebecca Willis, Expert Lead, Climate Assembly UK, Professor in Practice, Lancaster University; Signe Norberg , Head of Public Affairs and Communications, Rt Hon Anne-Marie Trevelyan MP , Minister for Energy, Clean Growth and Climate Change, Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy; Chris Thompson, Director of Clean Growth, Department for Business, Energy &

Climate Assembly where are we now? 24 The following written evidence was received and can be viewed on the inquiry publications page of the Committee’s website. CAUK numbers are generated by the evidence processing system and so may not be 1 Abundance Investment (CAUK0012) 2 Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation UK Branch (CAUK0010) 4 Citizens’ Convention on UK Democracy (CAUK0001) 5 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ( CAUK0014) 6 Elstub, Stephen (Reader in British Politics, Newcastle University and Study of Parliament Group Member); Professor David Farrell (Professor of Politics, University College Dublin); and Patricia Mockler (PhD Candidate, Queens University Belfast) 7 Energy Systems Catapult (CAUK0013) 8 Energy and Utilities Alliance (CAUK0006) 9 Food, Farming and Countryside Commission (CAUK0003) 10 IPPR (Institute for Public Policy Research) (CAUK0007) 11 Johns, Paul (Member, Public) (CAUK0028) 12 Lancaster Environment Centre (CAUK0022) 14 MSI Reproductive Choices (CAUK0016) 15 National Farmers’ Union (NFU) (CAUK0021) 17 Ombudsman Services (CAUK0023) 19 Renwick, Dr Alan (Deputy Director and Associate Professor in British Politics, Constitution Unit, University College London) (CAUK0009) 20 Scotland’s Climate Assembly (CAUK0004) 21 Sustainability First (CAUK0005) 23 The Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (CAUK0015) 24 The Involve Foundation (‘Involve’) (CAUK0018) 25 Theodore, Dr (Postdoctoral Research Associate, Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool) (CAUK0020)

25 Climate Assembly where are we now? List of Reports from the Committee All publications from the Committee are available on the publications page of the 1st Post-pandemic economic Industrial policy in the 1st Special The impact of Coronavirus on businesses and interim pre-Budget Government Response to the Committee’s Second Report of Session 2019–21 2nd Special Net Zero and UN Climate Scrutiny of Preparations for COP26—interim Government Response to the Committee’s Third Report of Session 3rd Special Uyghur forced labour in Xinjiang and UK value Government Response to the Committee’s Fifth Report 4th Special Mineworkers’ Pension Government Response to the Committee’s Sixth Report of Session 2019–21