UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
The sixth objective that we must set ourselves is precisely to invest in healthy, sustainable and traceable food. It is in a way accelerating the agricultural and agri-food revolution that we are leading and in which France is one of the leading countries. France, there too, and it is our industrial and agricultural past, has each time succeeded in the agricultural objectives that the nation assigned to it. At the end of the Second World War, we assigned the objectives of our peasants to feed the country, at the French level and then at the European level. The French farm did it, it succeeded through two great historical revolutions, that of mechanization then that of chemistry. But, it succeeded in producing, producing more and more, feeding a growing population, feeding it better and better to quality standards and exporting. Let&#39;s not take anything away from this French pride which was then transferred to the European level, we managed to do it. We have a transition today that is accelerating and the world is accelerating. It is certainly one of the sectors which is most at the confluence of all the tensions that I mentioned earlier. We have to feed more and more people, biodiversity has become a rare commodity whereas it had no value ten years ago for many, and, also, we have to decarbonize production. It is therefore one of the sectors that is changing most rapidly under constraint, even though our societies, for some fifteen years now, have chosen to acknowledge the fact that food had no almost worth more. In the average basket of French women and men, food is much worse than it was a few decades ago. So, at the time when we have to invest, make all these transformations, we decided, about ten years ago, to say that the price we had to assign in our average budget was getting lower and lower. To get you back into our strategic vision, that&#39;s what we&#39;ve been doing for four years now, to restore value in agriculture. In reality, if there is no value, it is wrong to say that we will do anything. It must therefore be said: our farmers must be paid for the work done. The investment made. We must help to reinvest and we must help with all of these transitions: Egalim 1 and Egalim 2, the sector strategies, the two pillars, the CAP, etc. Because we have to succeed in ensuring that each farmer can live from
Minister of State for Energy, Clean Growth Department for Business, Energy & Chair, Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee Thank you for your letter dated 28 February to the Prime Minister, regarding the Mineworkers’ Pension Scheme (MPS). Your correspondence has been passed to this Department and I am responding as this matter falls within my Ministerial portfolio. It is the case that the Government was unable to accept the proposals of your Select Committee regarding the MPS. However, that should not be misinterpreted or misconstrued as the Government failing to ensure that scheme members get their full entitlement. Not only does that Government guarantee that pensions and bonus pensions will be paid, scheme members receive pensions 33% higher than their initial entitlement. The Government is committed to continuing to guarantee that pensions will be paid and scheme members receive their full entitlement. I hope you will find this reply helpful. Minister of State for Energy, Clean Growth and Climate Change
The EU ETS covers operators from power production, industrial processes and aviation limited to flights within the European Economic Area. The covered GHG gases are CO₂ and N₂O and PFC emissions from certain industries. EU-wide, some 11,000 installations are included in the EU ETS. There are around 600 installations in Finland. Greenhouse gas emissions in the emission trading sector and non-emissions trading sector from 2005 to 2020 are presented in Table 4.1. At the beginning of 2020, the EU ETS was linked with Switzerland's trading system, allowing more flexibility for the use of allowances for both entities. EU Emissions Trading System The EU ETS continues to be the most important economic policy instrument for reducing emissions in the EU and its Member States. Under the system, emissions are limited under an EU-wide cap, which sets the maximum amount of emissions for all operators obliged to participate in the system. The system is divided into periods for which the emissions reduction target and the representative cap are established. In addition, more significant rule changes usually take place as the period changes.
GHG emissions from 1990 levels, representing a 14% reduction compared to 2005 levels. This effort was divided between the sectors covered by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and non-ETS sectors under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD). Consequently, the EU 2020 Climate and Energy Package aims at a 21% reduction target compared to 2005 for emissions covered by the EU ETS, and a 10% reduction target compared to 2005 for nonETS sectors. Whilst LULUCF is not counted towards the EU commitment or Member States' targets, it does count towards the achievement of the Kyoto Protocol target. The LULUCF Decision 529/2013 translates the Kyoto Protocol accounting rules for this sector into EU law. Additionally, the package sets targets to increase the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption at EU level to 20%, to increase the share of renewable energy in transport at EU level to 10%, and to improve energy efficiency at EU level by 20%. Greenhouse gas emissions reduction as well as renewables targets are shared among Member States through individual national targets for the period of 2013-2020.
With existing measures' (WEM) scenario: By 2020, 2030 and 2035, Switzerland's total greenhouse gas emissions under the WEM scenario are projected to decrease to 85.4 per cent, 77.4 per cent and 74.9 per cent of the emissions in 1990, respectively. While the source category covering residential and commercial/institutional buildings (1A4) dominated total emissions in 1990, its emissions gradually decreased and are projected to continue on a decreasing pathway, reaching a reduction of 31.9 per cent by 2020 compared to 1990 (Fig. 19). Emissions from transport (1A3), on the other hand, increased considerably (by 13.7 per cent) between 1990 and 2008, exceeding emissions from residential and commercial/institutional buildings by 2007. Emissions from the transport sector are largely driven by passenger cars. Only recently, efforts to reduce specific vehicle emissions seem to become effective. Accordingly, thanks to the CO emission regulations for newly registered vehicles stipulated in the second CO Act (section 3.4.2), as well as thanks to the autonomous technological progress, greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector are projected to decrease over the coming years. The emission reduction projected to be achieved by 2020 is 10.9 per cent compared to the highest level in 2008, meaning that emissions from the transport sector are still 1.3 per cent above the emissions in 1990. Emission reductions from the source categories covering residential and commercial/institutional buildings (1A4) as well as transport (1A3) dominate the projected evolution of total greenhouse gas emissions under the WEM scenario. Emissions from other source categories remain about stable and/or are of minor importance, with the exception of the Fgases, where projections suggest the peaking of emissions before 2020 and a decline thereafter (Fig. 17);
F1 1 E+W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 repealed (15.1.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20) , ss. 47(a) , 240(1)(e) , Sch. 25 Pts. 8
Prepared by the on behalf of the Senior Environment Protection Officer, Malta Resources Authority.
5 [ F1 (1) ] " [ F2 Single use carrier bag ] [ F2 Carrier bag ] " has the meaning given by the regulations, which may define that term by reference (in particular) to- E+W+N.I. (a) a bag's size, thickness, construction, composition or other characteristics, [ F3 or ] (b) its intended use, [ F4 or (c) its price, ] or any combination of those factors. [ F5 (2) In this paragraph " price " means the price paid by a specified person, excluding any minimum charge that may be applicable by virtue of paragraph 4. ] 6 para. 5 renumbered as Sch. 6 para. 5(1) (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 6(2) F2 Words in Act substituted (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 1(a) F3 Word in Sch. 6 para. 5(1)(a) omitted (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by virtue of (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 6(3)(a) F4 Sch. 6 para. 5(1)(c) and preceding word inserted (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 6(3)(b) F5 Sch. 6 para. 5(2) inserted (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 6(4)
The EU is broadly on track to achieve its 2020 greenhouse gas, renewable energy and energy efficiency targets. However, continued focus is necessary in order to overcome the recent stagnation of energy efficiency improvements and greenhouse gas emission reduction trends. The EU is advancing with its Energy Union Strategy and finalising a modern, advanced and cost-effective regulatory framework to achieve its 2030 greenhouse gas reduction targets and its clean energy transition delivering on the Juncker Commission's objective to put energy efficiency first and become a global leader in renewables. This is an investment in our prosperity and in the sustainability of the European economy. Regulatory stability is an important element for public authorities and private operators alike to achieve full implementation of this framework. Ambitious policies have been agreed at European level, including a reformed EU emissions trading system strengthening the price signal for CO2. For all other sectors, national greenhouse gas emission reduction targets have been set and legislation established to maintain the EU land and forests sink which absorbs more CO2 than it emits. On the side of energy, the targets to improve the EU's energy efficiency by at least 32.5% and to increase renewable energy to at least 32% of the EU's final energy consumption by 2030 are now approved and the proposed legislation to improve the CO2 efficiency of cars, vans and trucks will spur the transition in the transport sector.
Interpretation U.K. 43 Interpretation of Part 2 U.K. Expressions used in this Part that are defined in Part 1 (carbon target and budgeting) have the same meaning as in that Part.
Over the medium-long term, i.e. up to 2020, in order to attain these results the strategy has been broken down into seven priorities, each with its specific supporting measures that have already been set in motion or are currently being defined: 1. Energy efficiency. Energy efficiency contributes to the achievement of all the above mentioned energy policy objectives: reducing our energy costs thanks to savings in fuel consumption, reducing environmental impact (energy efficiency is the most economical way for emissions reductions, with a return on investment that is often positive for the country, and that should be preferred to achieve the environmental objectives), the improvement of our security of supply and reducing our dependence on imported energy; economic development generated by a sector with a strong positive impact on the national value chain, in which Italy has numerous leadership positions which can also be projected in the rapidly expanding market abroad. The strong impulse to energy efficiency will absorb a substantial portion of expected increases in energy demand by 2020, both in terms of primary supply and final consumption. In this context, the sector will have to deal with a scenario in which overall demand will likely remain steady, at levels comparable to those of recent years. 2. Competitive gas market and Hub Southern Europe. For Italy it is a priority to create an internal liquid and competitive market which is fully integrated with other European countries. In addition, over the next 20 years, Europe will significantly increase the import of gas (by about 190 billion cubic meters according to the IEA) and for our country this may be the opportunity to become an important crossroads for the entry of gas to Europe from the South. The main impact of the expected changes described above is that of an alignment of our gas prices to those in Europe, which will be accompanied by an increase in the security of supply by strengthening the infrastructure and market liquidity. The more competitive price of gas will allow, on the one hand to become a country of exchange and/or transit to northern Europe, on the other hand it will allow the Italian combined cycle gas turbine fleet to become competitive again, reducing electricity imports. 3. Sustainable development of renewable energy. Italy intends to go beyond the objectives of renewable energy production in Europe (20-20-20), contributing significantly to the reduction of emissions and to the objective of energy security. In doing so, however
adaptation plans, programs and policies, inter alia, through: (a) Identification and assessment institutional arrangements, programs, policies and capacities for comprehensive coordination and adjustment management; (b) Assessment of available information on the impact of climate change,
The Energy Catalyst programme accelerates the innovation needed to end energy poverty. Through financial and advisory support, and by building strategic partnerships and uncovering new insights, Energy Catalyst supports the development of technologies and business models that can improve lives in Africa and Asia. Energy Catalyst is an Innovate UK programme with co-funding from the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Global Challenges Research Fund, the Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Over the two years 2019, when GCRF began funding Energy Catalyst, and 2020, £8.4 million GCRF funding was dispersed through the Energy Catalyst Programme. The UK is an active member of the International Energy Agency and has worked to ensure that the Agency has a strong focus on helping its members and the wider energy sector accelerate the clean energy transition drawing on its world-leading analysis and convening power. In 2021 the UK commissioned the production of the IEA's 2050 Net-Zero Road Map for the energy sector. The report is the world's first comprehensive study of how to transition to a net zero energy system by 2050 while ensuring stable and affordable energy supplies, providing universal energy access, and enabling robust economic growth. Pollution Management and Environmental Health (PMEH) programme. However, as the programme moved into implementation, it was found that the target countries already had suitable equipment, and the programme was insufficiently flexible to allow for alternative activities (within the agree scope of the UK funding) to be supported. The UK's evidence collection at business case stage has since become more robust, with the UK collecting evidence of demand from a range of sources. Unused funds from the PMEH Programme were re-directed to other ICF Programmes.
measures, in particular the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), which will limit the increase in greenhouse gas emissions from part of the world's commercial fleet. Poland immediately transposed these requirements into national law. They are in force compliant with the provisions of the Act of 16 March 1995 on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (Official Journal of the Laws of 2017, item 2000), as a result of ratification of amendments to the MARPOL Convention. However, SEEMP and EEDI do not yet guarantee the absolute reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, the extent that the global temperature increase would be limited to 1.5C. Because of this, Poland continues to actively support and implement further emission reduction measures emerging in the global arena. On 28 October 2016, the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) adopted amendments to MARPOL Annex VI (Air Pollution Prevention Regulations) for a global fuel consumption data collection system. The amendments will enter into force on 1 March 2018. According to the global amendments, fuel consumption reporting will begin in 2020. A mandatory data collection system is to be the first step in a three-step process where the analysis of the data collected would be the basis for an objective and transparent debate on the reduction, possible emissions to be achieved in global shipping. This will allow you to make a decision on further measures to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international maritime transport. During the MEPC 71 session (July 3-7, 2017), a draft outline of the global IMO strategy for reducing greenhouse gases from maritime transport was developed, as well as reduction targets for shipping, emission reduction scenarios, and other measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The strategy is to complement the global actions stemming from the Paris Agreement, adopted on December 2015, when 195 countries agreed a legally binding global climate agreement. Instruments and arrangements for the reduction of emissions from shipping are implemented in the national law on a regular basis - in coherence with the solutions that result from the EU regulations. The agreed efforts to reduce CO emissions from shipping at EU level resulted in the establishment of a monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system for CO2 emissions from fuel consumption by ships.
30 U.K. In Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (bodies of which all members are disqualified), at the appropriate place insert- " The Committee on Climate Change. "
ара: agencia portuguesa do ambiente Even in an existing policy scenario, it is already foreseen a sharp reduction in GHG emissions in the coming decades and there is a cost-effective potential for Portugal to achieve total emission reductions of around 51% in 2030 compared to 2005, up to 60% by 2040 and around 64 % by 2050 (without LULUCF). to -40%) to -45% to -55% by 2030. Additionally, a trajectory up to 2050 was established comprising emission reductions of - 65% to -75% by 2040, and from -85% to -90% by 2050 compared to 2005. Aligned with the long-term strategy Portugal also developed an integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP 2030), that is the main instrument of energy and climate policy for the 2021-2030 decade.
country (excluding the LULUCF), or 4.458 million tons of COe. In 2010, as compared to 1990, GHG emissions from agriculture decreased by 55.36 %, mostly as a result of the decline in the number of livestock. For Lithuania to achieve compulsory annual GHG emissions reduction goals by 2020, non-ETS sectors are allowed maximum 2% annual increase in GHG emissions in the agricultural sector, as compared to the emissions level of this sector in 2010.
12 U.K. This Part of this deals with trading schemes that operate by encouraging activities that consist of, or that cause or contribute, directly or indirectly to- (a) reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, or (b) the removal of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.
£22bn committed to raise R&D to 2.4% of GDP 2nd in Europe for FDI attractiveness² 1st Ranked best global green finance centre³ 1st in Europe for value of start- up & scale-up ecosystem¹ 5th Largest economy5 £1bn Funding for Net Zero Innovation Portfolio 1st in G20 as a globally connected economy Engineering employs 5.6mn people7 Heat Pump Investment Roadmap: Leading the way to net zero The UK has one of the world's most attractive business
Within the EU the Cabinet is pressing for at least a 40% reduction of emissions in 2030 compared with 1990. The European Commission will distribute the non-ETS goal across the member states in 2016, after setting down the Energy and Climate Package. The Cabinet is considering setting approximate sectoral goals for 2030 in accord- ance with the "Cabinet Approach to Climate Policy on the road to 2020' published in 2011. By way of indication the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency has calculated the reduction that may be required for 2030: a maximum non-ETS emission of 71-75 Mton for the Netherlands for 2030. Another study will be conducted to identify measures needed in each sector. Together with partners the Cabinet is linking to the European emission reduction goal some concrete actions that will lead to green growth, stimulate our economy, reduce energy consumption and meet the demand for energy as far as possible from renewable sources. This will assure that the average global temperature will not rise by more than two degrees and will enable us to keep the risks of climate change within acceptable levels.
for petrol engines. Similarly, the unit consumption of heavy goods vehicles and buses and coaches is falling. The new National Low Carbon Strategy provides for all sectors to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 (national greenhouse gas emissions must be lower than the quantities of greenhouse gases absorbed by the natural environments managed by the man and to those captured by processes industrial). By this time, it is expected that the transport sector will no longer emit any GHGs (excluding air transport). Emissions from the transport sector must fall within the decarbonization trajectories set by SNBC-2 (2nd version).
These Regulations, for purposes of implementing Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, require the Department of the Environment to: to assign a type or types and to apply environmental standards and biological boundary values in respect of rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters; apply the standards for priority substances and other dangerous substances; to classify surface waters and groundwaters and to report this classification in River Basin Management Plans; establish an inventory in respect of priority substances.
2 With regard to the average indigenous production of hydroelectricity, development should be aimed at reaching at least 37,400 GWh in 2035. For pumped storage power plants, only production from natural flows is included in these indicative values.
These Regulations amend and update the Air Quality Standards Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2010, which transpose for Ireland Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality etc. and Directive 2004/107/EC relating to arsenic etc. in ambient air. Both Directives were amended by Commission Directive 2015/1480 and the definition of Directive 2008/50/EC and Directive 2004/107/EC are made accordingly. make amendments to Schedule 1 (which concerns sampling points). Regulation 4 makes amendments to Part 3 of Schedule 1. The changes follow amendments made by Commission Directive 2015/1480 to Section C of Annex III to Directive 2008/50/EC.
1975 (c. 25) U.K. 31 U.K. In Part 2 of Schedule 1 to the 1975 (bodies of which all members are disqualified), at the appropriate place insert- " The Committee on Climate Change. "