• anticipate and reduce the impact of climate variability and extremes for example through effective forecasting and preparedness measures. • absorb the effects of climate extremes and disasters for example through effective and rapid response that enables people to cope with disaster and recover quickly. The UK provides finance through international funds as well as bilaterally, through multi- country projects and civil society. The UK will focus on assisting people to anticipate the impact of change through better planning and forecasting, adapt to long term impacts well in advance – for example by changing or diversifying livelihoods and ensuring infrastructure is fit for purpose – and to absorb the effects of disasters and climate extremes through effective and Programmes supported by the UK may work across all three areas of action as set out above. A series of examples of UK activities in each of these areas is detailed • Building Resilience to Climate Extremes and Disasters (BRACED) – This programme is supporting local and national institutions to deliver policies and programmes that better integrate disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation and development approaches. It is supporting community-level initiatives in 13 countries through 15 NGO consortia that are, for example, delivering improved climate information for agriculture, securing livestock migration routes, and building infrastructure to help crops avoid flood and capture water for future use. • The £26 million Climate High-Level Investment Programme in Ethiopia closed earlier in 2017 . This has so far supported more than 1.4 million people to cope with the effects of climate change, as well as building institutional capacity to ensure that the Ethiopian Government is more capable of assessing and addressing climate risks. Other programmes can have a particular focus; • Weather and Climate Information and Services for Africa (WISER) – this programme aims to enhance the resilience of poor people and of economic development in Africa to weather and climate shocks, by improving the quality and use of weather and climate forecasts and other information services. This will contribute to increased productivity of climate sensitive sectors, like agriculture, health and infrastructure. Improved weather information can also help to protect lives. • The UK is supporting Future Climate for Africa (FCFA) research programme which aims to enhance the scientific understanding and prediction of climate variability and change in Africa and, at the same time, is working with stakeholders to bring this information into use in adaptation planning. FCFA includes 11 pilot studies across sub-Saharan Africa that are using climate information to inform decisions, including infrastructure development, climate-smart agriculture, and urban and national planning. 300 7th National Communication • The UK is a major contributor to African Risk Capacity (ARC) which strengthens African governments’ understanding of drought risk and enables them to buy insurance that will pay out after harvest failures due to droughts. Senegal, Mauritania and Niger received payments totalling $26.5 million after poor rains in 2014, providing food aid, animal fodder and other assistance to 1.3 million people. Malawi received a payment of $8.1 million in 2016, which they have used for emergency cash transfers to affected people and to replenish the national strategic grain reserve. Seven countries are eligible for insurance this year. • Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing provides technical assistance and enables insurance for the Pacific Islands to protect against natural disasters such as cyclones and tsunamis thereby reducing their reliance on humanitarian aid. Tonga, Marshall Islands, Cook Islands, Vanuatu, and Samoa (625,000 people in total) are currently insured. Contributing to international climate change adaptation funds Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR): the UK is the largest contributor to the $1.2 billion Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR), one of the four Funds that sit under the CIFs. The PPCR assists governments with the integration of climate resilience into development planning, and pilots innovative public and private solutions to climate-related risks, primarily in Least Developed Countries or Small Island Developing States. For example, a $15.75 million project in Mozambique will develop climate resilient infrastructure to improve the ability of 8,200 farming families to withstand extreme weather events. Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF): the UK is also a long-standing contributor to the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), which supports LDCs in developing their National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) and funding the resultant programming. Through the most recent contribution of £30 million the UK is aiming to help nearly a million people become more resilient to climate change, and to bring approximately 200,000 hectares of land under more sustainable management. This was the fourth contribution that the UK has made to the LDCF – total contributions amount to £122 million since 2006. The LDCF has provided $8 million towards a project strengthening the climate resilience of vulnerable communities in Somalia. Outcomes so far include the construction of a sand dam which has stored enough water for 40,000 people and their livestock to survive through the prolonged drought period in As well as being responsible for at least 12% of global GHG emissions, deforestation threatens the livelihoods of millions through rising desertification, soil erosion, flooding, and falling biodiversity. Through its ICF, the UK is supporting global efforts to slow, halt and reverse deforestation. As well as the climate change mitigation benefits, tackling deforestation also offers big opportunities to reduce poverty and protect biodiversity, with corresponding benefits for The UK is working with ambitious developing country governments and private sector stakeholders to address market and governance failures linked to deforestation. The UK played a key role in brokering ambitious international and multi-stakeholder agreements, such as the New York Declaration on Forests in 2014 and the Leaders’ Statement on Forests and Climate Change in Paris, 2015. The UK also works with private sector stakeholders through a range of initiatives including the BioCarbon Fund, the Partnership for Forests programme, and the eco. Annex 1: Provision of financial, technological and capability-building support to developing countries 301 The UK ICF forests strategy aims to support progress towards halving global deforestation by 2020 and halting it by 2030.
Together with Germany and Norway, the UK has pledged to collectively provide $5 billion between 2015 and 2020 to incentivise ambitious governments, companies and communities to protect the largest natural global carbon sinks. This will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve the livelihoods and climate resilience of forest-dependent people, and protect biodiversity, as well as providing other environmental benefits such as reducing desertification and flooding. Investment is targeted towards projects that improve forest governance and knowledge enhancement, pay for ecosystem services, boost biodiversity, promote climate smart agriculture and enable stronger community-led forest management, amongst other factors. The UK also supports public-private initiatives to promote zero deforestation supply chains, and innovative solutions to leverage private finance for sustainable • sustainable climate-resilient growth; • capacity building to improve governance, address land tenure, strengthen sustainable land-use, and promote the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities in programmes that reduce deforestation and forest degradation; • the private sector to transform supply chains to become deforestation-free, and leverage significant private investment in forests and agriculture. Through its ICF, the UK is supporting a number of bilateral and multilateral programmes, including the following examples, discussed in detail The Forest Investment Programme (FIP) – part of the Climate Investment Funds, the FIP is a REDD+ mechanism that provides upfront financing for public and private investments in forestry and related sectors. The UK has contributed £223 million to the FIP . Its objectives (a) transformational change in developing countries’ policies and practices; (b) piloting replicable models to generate learning on the link between investment and emission reduction, sustainable forest management (SFM), and enhanced carbon stocks; (c) leveraging additional resources to attain effective and sustained REDD+; (d) providing experience and lesson learning. FIP grants and low-interest loans ($775 million), channeled through partner multilateral development banks (MDBs), are empowering countries to address the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation both inside and outside of the forest sector to achieve the triple win of being good for forests, good for development and good for the climate. FIP projects will result in an estimated reduction or avoidance of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 11.17 MtCO than 1.1 million people will receive livelihood co-benefits, and an area of 27 .8 million hectares will REDD+ is a framework agreed under the UNFCCC to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and enhance forest carbon stocks (+) in developing countries. It is aiming to demonstrate the potential of a new land-use paradigm that delivers large-scale forest protection alongside sustainable agricultural intensification. The UK has committed £73 million to the REDD for Early Movers (REM) programme which is an accelerator for the most ambitious and committed countries to reduce emissions from deforestation. REM rewards programmes that are already successful in driving down deforestation trends, with finance re-invested in agreed activities to deliver further results. UK support focusses on Colombia’s programme to achieve zero net deforestation in its Amazon region as well as programmes to decouple increases in production from forest loss in two leading Brazilian States – Acre and Mato Grosso. 302 7th National Communication The Forest Governance, Markets and Climate (FGMC) programme aims to reduce the illegal trade in forest resources by addressing forest sector governance and market failures that permit illegal forest practices. The FGMC programme makes use of trade and market incentives to influence reforms in timber-producing countries where governance failures often result in illegal logging and neglect of rights to forest land and resources for those living in poverty. By reducing illegal logging these people will have a greater voice in what happens to their forest. This will not only reduce the likelihood of conflict over forest tenure, it could also help avoid up to £13 billion in revenue and tax loss to developing countries, by clarifying forest-dependent peoples’ tenure rights and supporting improved governance and stronger enforcement of Over the next 25 years, the FGMC programme will help protect up to 39 million hectares of forest (13 million hectares more than the size of the UK). It will help avoid billions of tonnes 2e) emissions, protect the livelihoods of tens of millions of forest-dependent communities and increase the incomes of 50 million men, women and children reliant on farming. The UK has committed £79 million to the FGMC programme between 2012 and 2016. Partnership for Forests adds value to standing forests in Africa, Latin America, and Indonesia by incubating new investments in agroforestry and non-timber forest products, helping local people – often indigenous communities and smallholder farmers – connect to new markets and scale up production for their products. It can also target commodities that are driving large- scale deforestation by facilitating multi-stakeholder approaches and solutions which support implementation of zero-deforestation supply-chain commitments. The programme provides a mix of grants and technical assistance to project developers to bring projects aimed at creating deforestation-free commodity supply chains to commercial viability. The Sustainable Rural Development project in Brazil will encourage small and medium sized farms to implement sustainable low carbon agriculture identified in the Brazilian Government’s Plano ABC programme to avoid deforestation and restore degraded land in the Amazon and Atlantic Forests, expanding to the Cerrado next year. The programme aims to showcase best practices in implementing low carbon sustainable agriculture that protects and enhances the environment whilst increasing farming productivity and income. The project supports farmers • Improving access to information, such as demonstration farms and access to rural • Providing capacity building and technical assistance to support farmers to transition to • Financial incentives for farmers who successful in implementing of a low carbon The UK has invested £54.9 million into this project. The first phase aims to reduce deforestation by 16,500 hectares and restore 41,100 hectares. This will increase annual income per hectare 5-fold for 3,700 small and medium sized farms and will reduce emissions by 10.4 MtCO 6.4.5 Mobilising Private Finance Mobilising private investment in climate action is crucial to meeting the global goal of limiting temperature increase to 2°C.
However, there are a range of market barriers that prevent investments from happening at scale in developing countries. Climate finance can help to overcome these barriers by building capacity and capabilities in developing countries. Using public climate finance to help create the conditions to enable the investment needed is an

Annex 1: Provision of financial, technological and capability-building support to developing countries 303 essential step in delivering on the Paris Agreement, and for this reason the UK’s ICF tests new and innovative approaches that can be replicated and scaled up by the private sector. The UK provides concessional or market-rate finance to help projects reach financial close and demonstrate profitability, with the aim of reducing real and perceived risks and costs of low- carbon investments. The UK also facilitates access to finance by strengthening local financial institutions and broadening types of finance available in developing country markets. Because low-carbon technologies like renewable energy are often capital-intensive at the beginning, they are particularly sensitive to the cost and availability of capital. In seeking to mobilise private finance, the UK is using its ICF • Mobilise private climate finance internationally that would not otherwise flow to countries, and seek to create a sustainable climate investment market; • Mobilise private sector engagement and finance in specific sectors and technologies that experience difficulties in accessing private finance or which pose long term • Create a better understanding of private finance internationally to inform future climate finance policy and climate projects. The UK supports a range of specific private finance investments – a full list is provided The Sustainable Infrastructure Programme – In 2017 the UK established the Sustainable Infrastructure Program (SIP) in Latin America in partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank. The purpose of the programme is to enable and accelerate the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions in Latin America, initially Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, focusing on supporting and catalysing private sector investments in low carbon infrastructure. The UK will provide up to £177 .5 million from its ICF budget over 5 years to provide technical and financial support. This can include technical assistance to governments to help them shape their regulatory frameworks in a way that is attractive to private investors, support the development of local capital markets, while also investing in a few demonstration projects to UK Climate Investments – UK Climate Investments LLP has been mandated to invest in up to £200 million of UK ICF in low carbon projects in emerging markets during its pilot phase (2015-2018). The Investment Mandate requires UKCI to make equity investments into renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in India and Sub-Saharan Africa. Through investing in a minority equity stake, UKCI aims to leverage additional private equity and debt investment into The central objectives of the pilot • Use a private sector actor to have a demonstration effect, build a successful track record and prove commerciality of low carbon investments to the broader market by making a strong return on investment; and • Achieve better value for money by more effectively and nimbly interacting with the UKCI’s first investment in India was alongside a UK solar developer in a partnership platform to fund the development, acquisition and ownership of large scale solar power generation assets

304 7th National Communication The Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP) – The REPP seeks to mobilise private sector development activity and investment in small and medium scale renewable energy projects (up to 25MW) in sub-Saharan Africa. REPP aims to increase the number of sound ‘bankable’ smaller renewable energy projects by assisting project proponents throughout the project development stage, by financing Technical Assistance, drawing on existing risk mitigation instruments such as political risk insurance and providing results-based finance where necessary. The UK has committed £48 million for 2015 to 2020. The Climate Public Private Partnership (CP3) is a £130 million programme that aims to support clean energy and demonstrate the commercial viability of investments in climate related businesses in emerging markets. By anchoring two private equity funds – i.e. providing committed investment into these funds to help attract additional investors – the programme mobilised private climate finance of $279 million and kick-started the largest private equity climate fund in Asia. The funds have so far invested in 68 businesses and renewable energy developers across developing countries in Asia, Africa and South and Central America. CP3 is expected to avoid 57 .4m tonnes of CO 2 equivalent over its lifetime (to 2026). The eco.business Fund – The UK has invested £20 million into the eco.business Fund, which is a private-public partnership currently operating in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua and El Salvador. The Fund promotes business and consumption practices that contribute to biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of natural resources. By leveraging and de- risking investment from private sector donors the Fund will protect around 32,500 hectares of biodiverse forest and deliver 280,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide savings. Within five years public sector finance in the eco.business Fund is projected to reach $147 million, bringing in private sector funding of $314 million. The UK government considers that carbon pricing is crucial to support and raise the ambition needed to tackle climate change. Carbon pricing can provide a cost effective and technology- neutral way of reducing emissions, and is a key focus for mobilising the private sector towards the achievement of the Paris Agreement goals. It is for this reason that the UK continues to promote the use of pricing instruments both domestically and internationally. Since 2005 the UK has been a participant in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the world’s largest system, and has been an active proponent of reform to help make it as effective as possible. Internationally, the UK continues to support carbon pricing through a portfolio of programmes aimed at building capacity and piloting new approaches.
Below are some • The UK has invested £7 million since 2011 in the $127 million World Bank managed Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) fund, supporting 19 countries to design and put in place domestic initiatives such as carbon taxes or ETSs. This is done through the provision of grants to allow countries to implement Market Readiness proposals. The PMR supports Brazil, for example, to explore various carbon pricing instruments by carrying out analytical studies on alternative policy design options, assessing their impacts, and building modelling capacity. • The UK is improving access to carbon finance in least developed countries through the World Bank’s Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev). Ci-Dev works in some of the poorest countries in Africa to prepare them to participate in the international carbon market while providing clean energy for households and communities. The program enables local developers to put their ideas into practice, and helps build capacity as needed, for example by aggregating many small projects at household or community level and calculating the carbon that has been saved in order to get a payment incentive. The UK has committed £49 million. Annex 1: Provision of financial, technological and capability-building support to developing countries 305 • In 2016, the UK contributed £60m to the new Transformative Carbon Asset Facility. The purpose of the TCAF is to support countries with sizeable mitigation potential to scale up their ambition as they implement their Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement. Programmes are intended to showcase innovative methodologies for using carbon pricing at scale, to allow the host country to deliver greater emission reduction ambition than in their current Nationally Determined Contributions. Almost 90% of the funding will be spent on results-based purchases of emission reductions from supported programmes. Other donors in the TCAF are currently Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Canada and Germany. In 2015 the Paris Agreement reiterated the importance of carbon markets in meeting international commitments by establishing a new framework for voluntary cooperation to enable countries to go further on their mitigation ambition. These provisions will help make the UK vision for the future of the global carbon market a reality by providing the foundations to facilitate bottom-up cooperation while creating the necessary top-down structures, including key rules to avoid double counting of units. 6.5 Steps taken by government to promote, facilitate and finance transfer of technology and capacity building to developing countries The world needs increasing energy supplies to sustain economic growth and development. However, energy resources are under pressure and CO 2 emissions from today’s energy use are already changing the climate. It is necessary to accelerate the deployment of low carbon energy technologies and increase energy efficiency in order to address the global challenges of energy security, climate change and economic development. Understanding that lesson sharing enhances programming, the ICF will continue to strengthen its Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Program to support the generation and use of evidence and knowledge from across the portfolio. These lessons are captured in publicly available evaluations. The NAMA Facility published their mid-term evaluation report earlier this year – highlighting that there are ‘ample opportunities for learning and replication’ across their portfolio. Another program, The Carbon Capture and Storage Trust Fund, used their evaluation of activities in the first phase of the program (released April 2016) to propose an evaluation framework for the second phase in order to effectively The UK has also funded a Special initiative under the Climate Investment Funds focussed on Evaluation and Learning. The initiative supports learning based on evaluative and evidence- based activities within the CIF at different levels, including the project, program, thematic, and portfolio/fund levels. Within the initiative there are demand driven evaluations of CIFs programmes, portfolio level evaluations and a transformational change learning partnership involving multiple stakeholders including CIFs project staff, donors, and representative from The UK provides the majority of its funding through trusted delivery partners. This leads to complex delivery chains from its fund through to the final recipient. The UK does not systematically track indicators for technology transfer and capacity building programmes. The UK undertakes annual reviews of all of its programmes and these will include support provided for technology transfer and capacity building programmes. This enables progress to be tracked against project milestones and the UK publishes this information on the Development

306 7th National Communication 6.5.1 Steps taken by government to promote, facilitate and finance transfer of technology to developing countries The Clean Technology Fund (CTF), is one example of UK support for technology transfer. The CTF, to which the UK is the largest contributor (providing £701 million), has demonstrated and deployed low carbon technologies at scale across 21 countries. Examples include supporting the first generation of utility scale Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants to be built in developing countries, with the plant in South Africa now providing power to 80,000 people and winning a Momentum for Change award from the UNFCCC. CTF finance for the Noor CSP complex in Morocco has helped to bring down technology costs and overall CTF has supported around a fifth of global CSP deployment to date. The fund has dramatically scaled up geothermal development across multiple countries, as well as a wide range of other renewable and clean transport technologies. The UK participates in a wide range of multilateral and bilateral initiatives through which it supports low carbon development and building capacity for resilience. Examples of 1) Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage (CCUS): Since 2012, the UK has provided £60 million to support developing countries to build up the technical and institutional knowledge necessary to enable the deployment of Carbon Capture, Usage and The UK is extending this support by £10 million in 2017-2018.CCUS development and deployment is crucial for meeting the 2°C target set out under the Paris Agreement. The UK recently completed an evidence review of the global evidence base on CCUS, which highlights that globally, 12-14% of cost-effective decarbonisation needs to come from CCUS in order to meet the 2°C target.
The programme aims to raise the level of technical understanding of CCUS within key developing countries, leading to the establishment of the necessary policy frameworks and incentive structures to support CCUS demonstration and ultimately accelerate the 2) Ca pacity Building and As agreed by COP21, the Capacity Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) was established by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in 2015 to support developing countries to meet new reporting requirements under the enhanced transparency framework of the Paris Agreement. The UK is the largest donor to CBIT to date, committing £10 million in International Climate finance and £1 million from 3) The Asian Development Bank (ADB)’s Clean Energy Fund was set up to improve energy access, energy security and the transition to low-carbon technologies through cost-effective investments. The UK’s contribution of £10 million is specifically used to fund the technical assistance elements of the fund. 4) Climate Innovation Centres The UK funded Global Network of Climate Innovation Centres programme provides funding to the World Bank’s Climate Technology Programme (CTP) to support the design, implementation, and international coordination of Climate Innovation Centres (CICs) in developing countries. The programme assists local entrepreneurs develop innovative technology and business solutions to domestic energy, resource and environmental challenges. Annex 1: Provision of financial, technological and capability-building support to developing countries 307 The UK also supports CICs in Ethiopia and Vietnam through bi-lateral programmes, while there are additional non-DFID supported CICs in South Africa, the Caribbean, Ghana and Morocco. The programme helps gather evidence on climate technology innovation in developing countries, enabling national CICs to respond to technology trends. 6.6 Securing policy commitments to accelerate low carbon technology deployment through multilateral initiatives The UK has continued to leverage the collective commitment of the international community in other key fora and institutions to deliver policy interventions and high level actions that encourage the promotion of low carbon technologies, • Mission Innovation – the UK is a leading member of Mission Innovation, an international initiative which aims to dramatically accelerate clean energy innovation to make clean energy widely affordable; • Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) – The UK supports Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All), which monitors delivery of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7). SDG7 seeks to achieve Universal access to modern energy services for all by 2030 – Doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix – Doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency • International Energy Agency (IEA) – The UK has played a key role in supporting the IEA’s increasing focus on low carbon energy technology, including through support of their flagship Energy Technology Perspectives, which is the most comprehensive analysis of global low carbon technology development and deployment, both in OECD and major non-OECD countries. The UK funds various IEA Technology Collaboration Programmes (TCPs) relating to low carbon energy, and the UK has active engagement in the IEA’s Renewable Energy Working Party. The UK has announced that it will make a leading £8 million contribution to the IEA’s new Clean Energy Transitions Programme, which will provide key emerging economies with cutting technical assistance on the • International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) – The UK supports IRENA’s mission to promote widespread and sustainable use of renewable energy through its role a centre of excellence for energy transformation, a global voice for renewables, a network hub for international collaboration, and a source of support and advice. The UK has been an IRENA Council member for 2016-2017 and has helped to drive forward IRENA’s medium-term strategy which is consistent with UK government objectives for decarbonisation. • Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) – the CEM is a forum to promote and share lessons learned from policies and programmes that advance clean energy technology. The UK is a member of a number of the CEM’s initiatives, such as the initiative on Super- Efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment. The UK also contributed funding towards the new CEM Secretariat hosted at the IEA; • International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Co-operation (IPEEC) – IPEEC is a forum to allow major economies to co-operate and collaborate on all aspects of energy efficiency policy. IPEEC’s work is undertaken through a series of Task Groups and the UK actively participates in a number of these Groups, including those working on appliance standards, buildings, finance and data. The UK also contributes funding to support the work of the IPEEC Secretariat. 308 7th National Communication 6.7 Other actions to accelerate the alignment of finance flows with low greenhouse gas and climate resilient development The Paris Agreement’s Article 2.1c commits Parties to collectively align finance flows with low greenhouse gas and climate resilient development. This will require a transformation beyond public finance alone, including greater action to develop carbon markets, remove policy misalignments, establish green finance capabilities, build in-country capacity, and integrate climate resilience into national development planning. The OECD has estimated that the additional $0.6 trillion needed to make global infrastructure investment climate compatible from 24 will likely be offset over time by fuel savings resulting from low-emission technologies and infrastructure. The key challenge will be mobilising this additional investment. It is for this reason that the UK’s ICF places a strong emphasis on transformational change, through targeted investment in innovative projects and technologies with the potential to be scaled up and replicated. The UK also undertakes a number of activities which more indirectly enable developing country ambition by helping to attract finance for climate action. A selection of these activities is listed below. 6.7.1 Helping developing countries to attract investment The UK supported the inaugural Climate Finance Accelerator (CFA) initiative, a catalytic intervention designed to address the demand for turning countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) into finance plans with pipelines of investment-grade projects. The CFA fast tracks the translation of countries’ NDCs into finance plans to attract necessary investment by matching government, finance and capital market players from the selected countries of Colombia, Mexico, Nigeria and Vietnam with project and green finance experts from the City of London.
This transaction-oriented platform brought together policy makers and private sector financiers to identify financing propositions for projects that align with NDC priorities. The dialogue between these two engaged constituencies included strengthening enabling environments for scaling up climate action and creating action plans for developing NDC financing plans. The CFA builds countries’ capacities to engage with the private sector whilst accelerating NDC financing propositions to an investable level. The NDC Partnership programme, to which the UK contributes, aims to help turn NDCs into specific strategies and measures. It raises ambition globally by enhancing cooperation and support for the successful implementation of NDCs and related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) commitments, with the ultimate goal of reaching climate-resilient and low carbon growth. The NDC Partnership is a way for countries, intergovernmental organisations, civil society and the private sector to align their plans and actions to achieve the NDCs. It will provide guidance on identifying possible sources of finance, useful tools, and key data to those who need it whilst also providing a way for sharing lessons and experiences in responding to the challenging and complex need to implement the NDCs. Promoting International Green Finance – the UK’s policy leadership in green finance, including by co-chairing the G20 Green Finance Study Group recommendations of the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, helps contribute to the global growth in green finance and increase the flow of finance for low carbon, climate resilient investment. The first offshore green bond issued by an Indian entity and the first green bond issued by a Chinese bank were listed on the London Stock Exchange and $20bn of green bonds are currently listed in London, comprising 59 bonds in seven currencies. The UK Government works with the City of London Green Finance Initiative 24 OECD (2017), Investing in Climate, Investing in Growth, OECD Publishing, Paris. 25 This is now the G20 Sustainable Finance Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. Annex 1: Provision of financial, technological and capability-building support to developing countries 309 (a market development group bringing together market participants, academics and civil society) to develop international partnerships. Partnerships with China and Brazil, which involve bringing private sectors from those countries together with UK partners to share knowledge and expertise, make policy recommendations to government and engage in joint work. Further partnerships are planned with India and Mexico. 6.7.2 Removing policy distortions and accelerating the energy transition In addition to its financial support for carbon pricing initiatives and domestic carbon pricing policy, the UK is committed to ensuring that the global carbon pricing system is cemented in environmental integrity and helps increase alignment and participation while opening up policy options for countries to become more ambitious over time. In this respect, in 2016 the UK joined the 18 other signatories of the Ministerial Declaration on Carbon Markets, thus committing to work to ensure the development of high standards for the environmental integrity of the international market mechanisms of the post-2020 period. In September 2017 , the UK joined 25 other national and subnational governments to endorse a joint statement pledging to strengthen action on climate change through renewed cooperation on carbon markets. At COP23, the UK and Canada launched the Powering Past Coal Alliance, a global alliance uniting governments, businesses and organizations in taking action to accelerate clean growth and climate protection through the rapid phase-out of traditional coal power. The alliance aims to bring together over 50 national and sub-national governments as well as businesses that are committed to phasing out unabated coal. The UK has already committed to phase out unabated coal-fired electricity as part of its domestic energy policies to reduce greenhouse gases. However, the UK recognises the need to accelerate the international transition from burning coal to using cleaner power sources, and is offering technical and practical help globally to accelerate this transition through UK ICF support to the Clean Technology Fund and International CCUS programme amongst others. The UK also supports the phasing out of fossil fuel subsidies which, along with the establishment of carbon markets, is essential for enabling cost-effective climate action. The UK has been a key proponent of initiatives to phase out these subsidies through the G20 and 6.8 Monitoring & Evaluation, Transparency and how the UK has applied lessons learnt from its ICF to ensure project quality The UK’s ICF benefits from an extensive monitoring and evaluation system, which makes use of 16 Key Performance Indicators to assess ICF performance against intended outcomes. The UK’s approach to monitoring & evaluation was recognised by the UK’s Independent Commission on Aid Impact review of UK ICF, which noted its role in helping UK ICF and the multilateral climate funds become more effective. The UK is seeking to further strengthen this approach through programme specific monitoring and evaluation activities and through the ICF Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL) programme at portfolio level. Complementing the work at programme level, the MEL programme will support the generation and use of evidence and knowledge from across the UK’s ICF. It will produce results and evidence of the UK’s ICF achievements and effectiveness to support continual improvements in project selection and design, and inform the design of future funds and programmes. The UK’s results reporting framework ensures that the scrutiny the UK applies to determining in-house results is reflected in its external reporting. This includes ensuring that, where appropriate, all activities make a clear assessment of actual costs and evidence in determining climate specificity and additionality in estimating private finance mobilised through the UK’s public finance. The UK is committed to further developing the evidence base on how public finance and policy measures can attract private finance, including through helping to fund

310 7th National Communication and participate in the OECD Research Collaborative for Tracking Private Finance. And the UK is committed to the avoidance of double counting, having played a key role in developing the Technical Working Group methodology used to enable OECD-CPI analysis of aggregate mobilisation of private finance.
The UK also works closely with the OECD in reporting climate finance, including through the use of Rio-Markers. In addition the UK tracks climate finance in order to meet annual reporting requirements under Article 16 of the EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR). The UK’s ICF approach to monitoring & evaluation is enabling us to learn lessons from the successes and failures of ICF projects, and to improve our approach over time. 6.9 Bilateral and regional contributions related to the implementation of the Financial Contributions to the Global Environment Facility Global Environment Facility (GEF) 105.0 149.55 1. Figures indicate total contribution to the Global Environment Facility, and not just the climate-specific elements. 2. Exchange rate used is £1 = US$1.4243. This is the average of the annual rates on 31/12 of 2014, 2015 and 2016. 3. The 2013 contribution of £52.5m was not available at the time of submission for the UK’s 6th National Communication. Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 313 Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change from 595,297.38 595,297.38 603,513.43 588,190.30 573,587.60 568,639.37 559,783.11 581,701.35 556,475.79 560,479.67 553,175.90 560,581.68 569,954.50 553,849.20 565,146.38 566,740.01 563,637.43 561,885.71 553,544.55 539,840.65 488,856.02 507,469.96 464,758.59 484,226.39 473,699.57 433,370.55 415,721.50 -30.17 598,519.96 598,519.96 605,632.93 589,328.53 574,416.10 569,187.46 560,403.11 581,381.90 555,755.91 558,922.05 552,154.78 558,789.77 567,257.30 550,061.01 561,173.03 562,057.80 558,438.66 555,876.92 547,022.39 532,459.32 481,466.10 499,940.19 457,094.21 477,299.55 465,540.03 424,352.78 406,808.20 -32.03 135,330.83 135,330.83 136,118.24 135,749.43 134,106.29 127,260.34 128,817.93 128,049.03 125,550.81 122,062.63 116,494.46 111,019.80 106,059.75 103,596.93 98,461.93 94,124.79 89,347.49 86,253.02 83,019.77 77,270.39 72,370.18 68,225.88 65,336.28 62,398.42 57,191.79 54,357.60 52,590.23 -61.14 135,347.45 135,347.45 136,137.10 135,764.04 134,122.07 127,275.81 128,847.75 128,071.44 125,577.15 122,083.56 116,511.03 111,051.97 106,091.62 103,629.16 98,522.12 94,158.08 89,388.50 86,289.33 83,065.69 77,305.28 72,413.28 68,266.12 65,372.03 62,461.56 57,223.69 54,390.09 52,616.66 -61.12 48,865.15 48,865.15 49,068.43 44,634.42 40,550.27 40,838.94 39,494.99 39,225.19 39,381.82 39,404.37 29,478.45 29,191.38 27,640.54 25,840.86 25,638.54 26,345.50 25,364.40 24,505.61 24,314.43 23,770.04 22,093.91 22,493.48 21,437.32 21,301.62 21,263.69 21,905.12 21,704.94 -55.58 51,326.06 51,326.06 51,506.85 47,047.47 42,951.26 43,226.26 41,877.78 41,585.70 41,728.29 41,732.06 31,791.11 31,441.89 29,815.38 27,946.95 27,707.15 28,326.08 27,290.58 26,373.09 26,133.14 25,520.13 23,796.94 24,161.71 23,084.43 22,942.03 22,849.15 23,464.24 23,223.15 -54.75 HFCs 14,391.43 14,391.43 14,991.05 15,597.63 16,505.66 17,593.37 19,095.98 20,249.18 23,104.50 20,074.40 11,465.64 9,882.92 10,890.79 11,387.39 12,829.42 11,919.34 13,151.49 14,074.84 14,532.71 15,029.24 15,649.90 16,511.59 14,947.17 15,472.66 15,796.32 15,981.74 15,963.56 10.92 PFCs 1,651.53 1,651.53 1,385.14 690.35 602.73 611.40 596.94 596.36 503.12 493.73 473.96 596.79 485.59 408.23 356.61 433.85 385.15 387.67 287.84 266.25 197.33 287.71 416.94 255.06 318.74 278.31 327.23 -80.19 6 1,279.06 1,279.06 1,318.54 1,358.25 1,182.90 1,223.44 1,264.37 1,305.70 1,280.08 1,328.72 1,497.70 1,817.67 1,454.10 1,495.23 1,320.77 1,116.78 1,056.02 882.91 835.78 682.84 592.61 686.49 607.31 588.61 493.30 476.54 457.48 -64.23 Total (without LULUCF) 796,815.80 796,815.80 806,395.30 786,220.93 766,536.08 756,167.59 749,054.14 771,127.77 746,297.22 743,844.79 712,587.57 713,091.94 716,486.30 696,578.86 703,754.61 700,680.85 692,942.28 687,990.04 676,535.37 656,859.68 599,760.21 615,675.37 567,503.92 584,243.08 568,763.78 526,370.27 506,765.38 -36.40 Total (with LULUCF) 802,515.91 802,515.91 810,972.08 789,786.82 769,781.36 759,118.47 752,086.76 773,191.25 747,950.16 744,635.77 713,895.68 713,582.71 715,995.81 694,928.99 701,910.06 698,012.51 689,710.70 683,885.05 671,877.84 651,263.33 594,116.41 609,854.08 561,522.38 579,019.79 562,221.61 518,944.11 499,396.72 -37.77 a 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change from 1. Energy 609,731.92 609,731.92 620,375.02 604,570.10 588,950.18 574,630.56 565,994.13 585,262.38 560,126.12 562,617.11 552,690.88 559,526.35 569,198.81 552,826.65 560,942.52 560,909.59 557,351.83 555,732.18 544,925.89 532,759.19 486,744.01 503,708.14 461,515.90 481,262.47 467,555.28 427,390.54 409,799.39 -32.79 66,538.07 66,538.07 64,758.87 60,350.33 56,974.00 60,285.38 60,825.90 62,921.71 64,129.84 60,734.70 42,719.52 40,584.46 38,804.99 36,693.89 39,354.68 40,502.43 39,715.39 38,905.16 41,263.77 39,396.93 32,789.69 35,547.03 32,010.19 32,326.58 34,392.92 34,137.89 33,595.50 -49.51 Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC

Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 314 3. Agriculture 53,574.19 53,574.19 53,619.34 53,533.61 52,422.34 52,823.34 52,875.75 53,286.30 52,825.26 52,279.57 51,712.32 49,949.48 47,363.76 47,091.08 47,230.05 47,214.91 46,405.39 45,982.00 45,282.40 44,362.37 44,156.64 44,426.10 44,323.16 43,825.66 44,088.11 44,991.00 44,902.99 -16.19 5,700.11 5,700.11 4,576.79 3,565.89 3,245.27 2,950.88 3,032.62 2,063.48 1,652.94 790.99 1,308.11 490.77 -490.48 -1,649.87 -1,844.54 -2,668.34 -3,231.58 -4,104.99 -4,657.53 -5,596.35 -5,643.80 -5,821.29 -5,981.53 -5,223.29 -6,542.18 -7,426.16 -7,368.66 -229.27 5. Waste 66,971.62 66,971.62 67,642.06 67,766.88 68,189.56 68,428.30 69,358.37 69,657.38 69,215.99 68,213.41 65,464.86 63,031.65 61,118.74 59,967.24 56,227.35 52,053.92 49,469.67 47,370.70 45,063.31 40,341.19 36,069.87 31,994.11 29,654.66 26,828.37 22,727.47 19,850.84 18,467.49 -72.42 802,515.91 802,515.91 810,972.08 789,786.82 769,781.36 759,118.47 752,086.76 773,191.25 747,950.16 744,635.77 713,895.68 713,582.71 715,995.81 694,928.99 701,910.06 698,012.51 689,710.70 683,885.05 671,877.84 651,263.33 594,116.41 609,854.08 561,522.38 579,019.79 562,221.61 518,944.11 499,396.72 -37.77 Emissions Carbon Dioxide a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change 1. Energy 567,583.58 567,583.58 577,768.72 562,512.52 548,865.52 541,837.99 532,242.73 553,227.79 530,163.00 535,199.69 528,117.48 536,811.18 547,826.87 532,283.89 542,164.46 542,552.74 540,846.09 540,166.42 530,009.98 518,536.82 473,008.27 490,069.65 448,313.12 467,792.87 455,308.07 415,535.94 398,328.62 -29.82 560,107.09 560,107.09 570,743.04 555,252.61 541,283.30 534,086.85 523,076.52 543,763.53 522,544.34 527,986.24 521,927.08 530,934.37 541,719.45 526,493.07 536,673.45 537,086.47 534,833.48 535,023.69 524,679.55 513,909.89 468,187.95 485,375.02 443,916.67 464,073.30 451,184.06 411,188.06 393,768.62 -29.70 1. Energy industries 235,822.84 235,822.84 233,603.85 222,445.75 206,393.15 204,573.12 202,121.81 203,936.89 191,272.19 196,951.19 187,667.77 198,553.36 208,691.28 207,081.28 214,759.41 212,871.89 213,628.60 220,001.42 214,799.43 209,188.70 186,102.67 192,960.97 178,903.46 190,390.87 177,783.43 152,844.65 132,959.65 -43.62 95,418.76 95,418.76 98,503.02 96,023.93 93,288.17 92,461.37 89,079.55 90,187.91 89,350.75 88,571.47 90,559.66 90,336.26 88,237.03 79,669.67 81,122.06 80,017.03 80,633.49 78,918.32 77,140.87 69,795.33 59,497.30 60,319.62 55,629.34 55,206.89 55,279.80 55,820.55 53,164.65 -44.28 3. Transport 114,252.40 114,252.40 113,486.33 114,921.10 116,091.62 116,572.26 115,708.90 120,303.38 121,846.59 121,470.61 122,566.38 121,870.92 122,030.94 124,471.77 124,253.03 125,741.63 126,913.05 126,826.41 128,051.80 122,724.85 118,236.88 116,701.39 115,120.55 114,633.32 113,698.40 115,134.74 117,362.94 2.72 4. Other sectors 109,328.27 109,328.27 120,857.42 117,775.05 121,369.43 116,520.28 112,280.08 125,530.36 116,444.10 117,798.96 117,983.63 117,257.53 119,838.30 112,213.72 113,376.77 115,403.17 110,819.53 105,818.58 100,940.97 108,951.51 101,374.00 112,502.29 91,515.25 101,323.07 102,137.08 85,368.85 88,296.70 -19.24 5.
Other 5,284.82 5,284.82 4,292.42 4,086.79 4,140.93 3,959.80 3,886.18 3,804.99 3,630.71 3,194.00 3,149.63 2,916.31 2,921.90 3,056.63 3,162.18 3,052.75 2,838.83 3,458.96 3,746.49 3,249.50 2,977.10 2,890.76 2,748.07 2,519.16 2,285.35 2,019.27 1,984.68 -62.45 7,476.49 7,476.49 7,025.68 7,259.90 7,582.22 7,751.15 9,166.22 9,464.26 7,618.66 7,213.46 6,190.40 5,876.80 6,107.41 5,790.82 5,491.01 5,466.27 6,012.60 5,142.73 5,330.43 4,626.92 4,820.32 4,694.64 4,396.45 3,719.57 4,124.01 4,347.88 4,560.00 -39.01 1. Solid fuels 1,698.56 1,698.56 1,312.14 1,122.56 1,022.21 791.77 737.42 552.48 629.34 294.79 214.74 192.99 198.95 194.12 185.41 228.21 161.26 192.03 246.25 324.95 239.61 296.62 379.66 148.51 278.35 436.08 434.28 -74.43 5,777.92 5,777.92 5,713.55 6,137.34 6,560.01 6,959.38 8,428.80 8,911.79 6,989.33 6,918.67 5,975.66 5,683.82 5,908.47 5,596.70 5,305.60 5,238.06 5,851.34 4,950.70 5,084.18 4,301.97 4,580.71 4,398.02 4,016.79 3,571.06 3,845.66 3,911.80 4,125.72 -28.60 2. Industrial processes 24,525.61 24,525.61 22,213.80 22,195.79 21,990.30 24,146.94 24,721.43 25,700.47 24,029.45 23,400.63 23,363.47 22,190.49 20,579.19 19,963.01 21,260.94 22,552.10 21,331.38 20,323.10 21,930.47 19,958.68 14,271.11 15,853.35 14,769.69 14,984.12 16,810.79 16,405.29 15,918.36 -35.09 A. Mineral industry 9,803.78 9,803.78 8,050.66 7,544.13 7,578.60 8,656.07 8,746.75 9,068.82 9,392.84 9,567.66 8,970.73 8,848.78 8,426.04 8,457.49 8,505.74 8,782.46 8,744.22 8,716.30 9,009.27 7,848.91 5,680.34 5,984.19 6,344.35 6,061.58 6,430.13 6,562.12 6,638.00 -32.29 B. Chemical industry 6,764.97 6,764.97 7,251.99 7,232.26 7,203.67 7,476.83 7,520.65 7,505.75 6,677.34 6,787.95 7,183.80 6,607.79 6,295.44 6,106.83 6,384.21 6,416.65 6,217.58 5,723.63 6,416.93 5,429.05 4,844.13 5,185.43 4,575.82 5,222.72 4,757.87 4,183.51 4,582.71 -32.26 C. Metal industry 7,403.74 7,403.74 6,401.48 5,921.53 5,524.37 6,340.36 6,858.80 7,053.80 6,466.71 6,036.14 6,686.68 6,156.35 5,303.12 4,312.51 5,280.55 5,488.06 5,853.45 5,402.83 6,048.27 5,976.71 3,353.05 3,573.47 3,098.58 3,009.35 4,994.86 4,859.84 4,392.39 -40.67 553.12 553.12 509.67 1,497.86 1,683.65 1,673.67 1,595.24 2,072.10 1,492.56 1,008.87 522.27 577.57 554.59 1,086.18 1,090.44 1,864.92 516.13 480.34 456.01 704.02 393.59 1,110.26 750.94 690.47 627.92 799.82 305.26 -44.81 H. Other IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO IE, NE, NO NE, NO, IE NO, NE, IE 0.00 3. Agriculture 1,831.42 1,831.42 2,164.79 2,144.95 1,475.16 1,567.89 1,875.81 1,831.44 1,698.59 1,290.47 1,156.89 1,040.11 1,001.82 1,076.84 1,215.58 1,169.98 1,050.98 1,101.77 1,249.49 1,039.41 1,275.55 1,247.39 1,385.65 1,160.98 1,286.23 1,139.81 1,192.67 -34.88

Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 315 G. Liming 1,576.48 1,576.48 1,922.21 1,929.47 1,270.83 1,397.07 1,693.71 1,651.80 1,502.97 1,152.43 995.17 908.09 830.57 841.35 1,041.26 915.20 820.38 873.99 920.77 834.61 976.51 938.15 1,032.53 832.92 1,037.08 786.46 769.30 -51.20 H. Urea application 252.19 252.19 239.83 212.76 201.63 168.15 179.45 176.98 192.93 135.35 159.04 129.35 168.63 232.87 171.70 252.12 227.94 225.23 326.22 202.14 296.44 306.61 350.51 325.68 246.79 350.96 420.90 66.90 J. Other 2.75 2.75 2.74 2.72 2.70 2.68 2.65 2.66 2.70 2.69 2.68 2.67 2.61 2.61 2.62 2.66 2.66 2.56 2.50 2.66 2.60 2.62 2.60 2.37 2.37 2.39 2.46 -10.46 3,222.58 3,222.58 2,119.50 1,138.23 828.50 548.09 620.00 -319.45 -719.87 -1,557.63 -1,021.12 -1,791.91 -2,697.20 -3,788.19 -3,973.35 -4,682.21 -5,198.77 -6,008.79 -6,522.16 -7,381.33 -7,389.92 -7,529.77 -7,664.38 -6,926.84 -8,159.54 -9,017.77 -8,913.30 -376.59 A. Forest land -10,540.57 -10,540.57 -11,650.64 -12,272.28 -12,466.05 -12,677.10 -12,719.81 -13,340.83 -13,457.94 -14,096.65 -14,261.65 -14,618.53 -15,275.91 -15,707.79 -15,727.20 -15,675.03 -15,889.14 -16,242.15 -16,076.76 -16,850.27 -16,879.71 -16,491.39 -15,872.40 -14,273.43 -16,136.21 -16,554.91 -15,980.26 51.61 B. Cropland 15,122.71 15,122.71 15,091.01 14,980.74 15,159.65 15,188.81 15,471.64 15,373.09 15,395.57 15,451.53 15,524.44 14,981.16 14,686.53 14,375.36 14,066.71 13,849.55 13,529.81 13,362.84 13,005.28 12,896.29 12,903.41 12,692.82 12,549.97 12,418.21 12,186.41 11,926.08 11,782.74 -22.09 C. Grassland -7,750.95 -7,750.95 -7,866.08 -7,982.84 -8,097.24 -8,209.35 -8,319.36 -8,426.42 -8,515.25 -8,635.06 -8,016.59 -7,550.02 -7,565.11 -7,702.23 -7,615.82 -7,867.17 -7,895.23 -8,255.03 -8,204.81 -8,349.29 -8,376.02 -8,449.34 -8,844.38 -8,940.81 -8,911.62 -9,155.59 -9,143.69 17.97 D. Wetlands 486.95 486.95 489.16 477.07 464.25 576.23 656.46 556.33 487.62 361.24 490.74 480.32 519.66 321.31 558.06 387.47 445.08 463.83 299.70 256.59 294.56 320.55 277.03 218.24 378.72 268.69 268.69 -44.82 E. Settlements 6,913.52 6,913.52 6,843.69 6,776.92 6,721.39 6,672.61 6,614.65 6,583.02 6,558.02 6,520.92 6,525.30 6,334.01 6,297.74 6,263.95 6,232.42 6,202.97 6,175.47 6,163.46 6,139.98 6,118.09 6,211.57 6,193.53 6,175.66 6,096.87 6,077.63 6,096.34 6,081.26 -12.04 F. Other land NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 -1,009.08 -1,009.08 -787.65 -841.38 -953.51 -1,003.11 -1,083.58 -1,064.64 -1,187.90 -1,159.61 -1,283.36 -1,418.86 -1,360.10 -1,338.79 -1,487.53 -1,580.00 -1,564.76 -1,501.74 -1,685.56 -1,452.73 -1,543.74 -1,795.94 -1,950.26 -2,445.91 -1,754.49 -1,598.38 -1,922.04 90.47 5. Waste 1,356.77 1,356.77 1,366.12 1,337.05 1,256.63 1,086.54 943.14 941.65 584.75 588.88 538.07 539.90 546.62 525.47 505.40 465.19 408.99 294.43 354.61 305.74 301.10 299.57 290.14 288.43 294.49 289.51 281.85 -79.23 A.
Solid waste disposal NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE NO, NE 0.00 1,356.77 1,356.77 1,366.12 1,337.05 1,256.63 1,086.54 943.14 941.65 584.75 588.88 538.07 539.90 546.62 525.47 505.40 465.19 408.99 294.43 354.61 305.74 301.10 299.57 290.14 288.43 294.49 289.51 281.85 -79.23 E. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 International bunkers 24,035.53 24,035.53 23,796.52 25,612.32 26,695.71 26,648.45 28,093.13 30,153.20 32,261.84 35,294.43 34,682.35 36,754.59 36,199.25 34,125.49 35,855.24 39,535.23 42,587.71 45,445.76 44,761.77 45,623.36 43,348.85 40,657.94 43,191.45 40,838.33 41,092.86 41,534.58 40,737.65 69.49 Aviation 15,272.37 15,272.37 15,044.40 16,696.04 17,897.53 18,695.20 19,896.51 21,047.12 22,403.52 24,953.34 27,125.24 29,927.14 29,154.48 28,619.71 29,303.22 32,123.07 34,692.70 35,220.87 35,054.24 34,289.62 32,499.29 31,429.62 32,900.25 32,039.48 32,317.46 32,558.93 33,040.68 116.34 Navigation 8,763.16 8,763.16 8,752.12 8,916.28 8,798.18 7,953.25 8,196.62 9,106.08 9,858.32 10,341.10 7,557.11 6,827.45 7,044.77 5,505.78 6,552.01 7,412.16 7,895.01 10,224.89 9,707.53 11,333.74 10,849.56 9,228.31 10,291.21 8,798.85 8,775.40 8,975.65 7,696.98 -12.17 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00 2,973.70 2,973.70 3,146.55 3,331.31 3,691.20 5,234.19 5,709.52 6,260.31 6,262.88 6,191.82 6,579.99 6,639.61 7,343.80 7,788.17 9,019.31 10,204.22 11,860.55 12,381.14 12,907.72 15,847.36 17,263.89 20,576.91 20,799.50 22,150.45 26,673.82 30,933.37 35,958.28 1,109.21 CO2 captured NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 Indirect CO2 NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NE, NO NO, NE NO, NE 0.00

Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 316 598,519.96 598,519.96 605,632.93 589,328.53 574,416.10 569,187.46 560,403.11 581,381.90 555,755.91 558,922.05 552,154.78 558,789.77 567,257.30 550,061.01 561,173.03 562,057.80 558,438.66 555,876.92 547,022.39 532,459.32 481,466.10 499,940.19 457,094.21 477,299.55 465,540.03 424,352.78 406,808.20 -32.03 a - UNFCCC base year for the UK is 1990 NO = not occurring, NA= not applicable, NE = not estimated, IE= included elsewhere a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change 1. Energy 1,492.22 1,492.22 1,512.51 1,492.67 1,413.81 1,114.50 1,147.23 1,084.87 1,008.01 907.63 799.42 725.76 673.63 643.14 577.04 562.86 491.20 456.36 436.80 421.56 415.64 410.05 395.84 393.62 351.70 335.26 317.64 -78.71 125.35 125.35 130.61 122.69 125.54 114.75 98.53 100.27 91.68 87.58 86.95 78.99 77.24 70.16 65.37 62.95 58.28 54.65 53.46 55.78 53.27 59.03 52.31 55.13 58.50 55.87 59.96 -52.16 1. Energy industries 8.12 8.12 8.21 8.32 8.49 9.67 9.77 10.19 10.03 10.66 11.45 10.84 11.85 12.64 12.01 12.35 12.41 10.80 10.87 10.86 11.16 11.42 10.21 9.77 9.47 9.98 12.07 48.60 4.52 4.52 4.63 4.65 4.30 4.54 4.31 4.23 4.01 3.80 3.74 3.53 3.48 3.40 3.51 3.69 3.44 3.43 3.40 3.22 3.03 3.38 3.43 3.28 3.33 3.85 3.97 -12.07 3. Transport 50.14 50.14 49.40 48.44 45.57 41.29 37.21 35.37 32.61 29.59 27.36 24.76 21.77 19.62 17.32 15.61 14.38 13.05 11.66 10.49 7.98 7.07 6.40 5.77 5.17 4.92 4.70 -90.64 4. Other sectors 62.42 62.42 68.25 61.16 67.06 59.14 47.14 50.37 44.94 43.44 44.32 39.78 40.05 34.41 32.43 31.22 27.96 27.29 27.42 31.12 31.01 37.08 32.19 36.25 40.47 37.05 39.17 -37.25 5. Other 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 -62.86 1,366.87 1,366.87 1,381.91 1,369.98 1,288.27 999.75 1,048.70 984.60 916.34 820.05 712.46 646.77 596.39 572.98 511.67 499.91 432.92 401.71 383.34 365.78 362.37 351.02 343.53 338.49 293.20 279.39 257.68 -81.15 1. Solid fuels 873.07 873.07 897.83 890.36 829.10 550.96 602.52 557.61 534.51 455.34 377.12 324.44 288.14 283.20 233.32 209.56 154.76 139.90 113.44 113.70 109.95 102.27 97.98 98.67 68.18 67.28 55.38 -93.66 493.80 493.80 484.07 479.62 459.17 448.79 446.18 426.99 381.82 364.71 335.35 322.33 308.26 289.78 278.35 290.35 278.16 261.81 269.90 252.09 252.42 248.75 245.56 239.81 225.02 212.11 202.29 -59.03 2. Industrial processes 11.27 11.27 10.91 11.48 10.30 11.80 9.72 10.76 9.28 7.31 6.56 6.14 5.95 6.02 6.82 5.97 5.16 5.22 5.63 4.36 4.71 4.88 4.41 4.80 5.08 5.00 3.32 -70.53 B. Chemical industry 8.55 8.55 8.52 9.13 8.08 9.44 7.34 8.46 6.99 5.12 4.51 4.28 4.14 4.30 5.00 4.16 3.59 3.27 3.69 2.94 3.68 4.05 3.60 4.00 4.17 4.04 2.45 -71.30 1.48 1.48 1.38 1.45 1.46 1.51 1.54 1.53 1.56 1.49 1.47 1.27 1.23 1.13 1.20 1.20 1.05 1.11 1.05 0.99 0.76 0.56 0.57 0.65 0.73 0.76 0.66 -55.02 H. Other 1.24 1.24 1.01 0.90 0.76 0.86 0.85 0.77 0.73 0.71 0.58 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.62 0.61 0.52 0.83 0.88 0.43 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.20 -83.63 3. Agriculture 1,317.85 1,317.85 1,302.77 1,302.42 1,296.36 1,304.17 1,293.29 1,313.28 1,295.32 1,299.43 1,293.36 1,247.92 1,178.97 1,156.37 1,164.23 1,172.59 1,157.59 1,149.50 1,135.97 1,108.24 1,091.64 1,097.75 1,092.27 1,089.22 1,087.17 1,107.33 1,111.38 -15.67 A. Enteric fermentation 1,120.78 1,120.78 1,107.89 1,109.80 1,108.72 1,115.49 1,107.40 1,124.69 1,106.82 1,111.23 1,110.63 1,073.98 1,014.55 996.54 1,007.42 1,014.62 1,002.93 994.76 982.80 958.80 944.17 950.83 946.30 944.12 941.15 959.26 962.91 -14.09

Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 317 B.
Manure management 177.79 177.79 176.87 176.36 176.73 177.74 174.98 178.00 177.71 177.17 171.57 163.12 153.95 149.65 148.29 149.46 146.11 145.24 143.55 140.08 138.49 138.34 137.48 137.20 138.17 140.10 140.68 -20.87 C. Rice cultivation NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 D. Agricultural soils NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00 J. Other 11.07 11.07 11.08 11.06 10.81 10.93 10.91 10.58 10.79 11.02 11.15 10.82 10.47 10.18 8.52 8.50 8.55 9.50 9.62 9.36 8.98 8.58 8.49 7.89 7.85 7.97 7.79 -29.59 0.66 0.66 0.75 0.58 0.63 0.62 1.19 0.90 1.05 0.84 0.66 1.29 1.27 1.29 2.41 1.33 1.64 1.45 1.84 1.40 1.72 1.61 1.43 2.53 1.28 1.30 1.06 59.03 A. Forest land 0.13 0.13 0.22 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.67 0.35 0.47 0.27 0.04 0.15 0.21 0.18 0.16 0.20 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.28 0.14 0.18 0.87 0.22 0.24 NO, NE, IE, B. Cropland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NO, NE, IE, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -47.86 C. Grassland 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.41 0.42 1.09 1.02 1.06 2.20 1.08 1.21 1.01 1.43 1.01 1.25 1.28 1.04 1.52 0.92 0.88 0.87 120.74 D. Wetlands NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA NO, NE, NA 0.00 E. Settlements 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.18 0.18 33.40 F. Other land NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 5. Waste 2,591.90 2,591.90 2,618.53 2,623.41 2,643.79 2,659.95 2,702.47 2,713.05 2,709.41 2,668.14 2,560.45 2,460.98 2,383.84 2,338.34 2,190.39 2,023.57 1,919.96 1,839.04 1,742.39 1,556.65 1,382.82 1,216.35 1,120.93 1,008.30 843.72 726.71 671.27 -74.10 A. Solid waste disposal 2,417.36 2,417.36 2,443.94 2,445.84 2,466.15 2,484.18 2,530.59 2,538.27 2,532.79 2,492.72 2,381.66 2,278.55 2,234.55 2,190.46 2,044.79 1,870.30 1,763.04 1,678.14 1,575.68 1,392.04 1,225.50 1,055.82 955.89 844.67 679.33 553.95 491.97 -79.65 0.22 0.22 0.30 0.36 0.42 0.48 0.79 1.11 1.49 2.93 3.56 4.36 6.88 7.58 8.31 11.21 14.58 17.44 20.74 20.59 24.01 28.66 32.58 33.27 35.28 39.84 42.02 18,690.68 5.49 5.49 5.35 5.17 4.63 3.61 3.52 3.67 0.89 0.88 0.97 0.90 0.91 0.93 1.01 0.83 0.79 0.80 0.76 0.70 0.60 0.44 0.44 0.42 0.37 0.36 0.36 -93.40 168.83 168.83 168.94 172.05 172.59 171.68 167.57 170.00 174.25 171.62 174.25 177.17 141.50 139.38 136.28 141.24 141.55 142.66 145.21 143.32 132.72 131.44 132.01 129.93 128.74 132.55 136.92 -18.90 E. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 5,413.90 5,413.90 5,445.48 5,430.56 5,364.88 5,091.03 5,153.91 5,122.86 5,023.09 4,883.34 4,660.44 4,442.08 4,243.66 4,145.17 3,940.88 3,766.32 3,575.54 3,451.57 3,322.63 3,092.21 2,896.53 2,730.64 2,614.88 2,498.46 2,288.95 2,175.60 2,104.67 -61.12 Aviation 0.28 0.28 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 -69.20 Navigation 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.12 -12.65 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00

Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 318 a - UNFCCC base year for the UK is 1990 NO = not occurring, NA= not applicable, NE = not estimated, IE= included elsewhere Emissions Nitrous Oxide a 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change 1. Energy 16.25 16.25 16.09 15.91 15.90 16.54 17.02 16.49 15.98 15.86 15.40 15.34 15.21 14.98 14.60 14.38 14.18 13.95 13.41 12.36 11.22 11.37 11.10 12.18 11.59 11.65 11.85 -27.11 16.11 16.11 15.95 15.76 15.75 16.38 16.82 16.28 15.80 15.69 15.23 15.19 15.05 14.84 14.48 14.25 14.03 13.82 13.28 12.25 11.11 11.26 10.95 12.05 11.49 11.54 11.73 -27.23 1. Energy industries 4.66 4.66 4.64 4.48 4.02 4.11 4.02 3.94 3.61 3.76 3.42 3.68 3.92 4.03 4.01 3.86 3.95 4.03 3.66 3.47 3.17 3.21 3.24 3.76 3.55 3.29 3.21 -31.06 3.64 3.64 3.51 3.50 3.50 3.65 3.65 3.61 3.60 3.57 3.54 3.50 3.51 3.50 3.51 3.72 3.62 3.61 3.62 3.37 2.69 2.68 2.33 2.71 2.19 2.42 2.48 -32.09 Transport 4.65 4.65 4.58 4.69 5.05 5.58 6.31 5.82 5.74 5.59 5.53 5.42 5.05 4.84 4.53 4.34 4.18 3.98 3.88 3.29 3.09 3.13 3.21 3.31 3.45 3.62 3.77 -18.83 4. Other sectors 3.00 3.00 3.10 2.98 3.06 2.92 2.72 2.81 2.75 2.68 2.65 2.51 2.49 2.37 2.33 2.24 2.19 2.10 2.01 2.04 2.06 2.16 2.09 2.20 2.23 2.15 2.21 -26.52 5.
Other 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 -62.61 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.12 -13.72 Solid fuels 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -17.76 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.12 -13.71 2. Industrial processes 81.91 81.91 82.47 67.85 55.15 55.08 50.01 49.66 50.27 51.18 19.31 19.94 17.60 11.03 11.46 14.53 12.29 10.42 11.87 11.24 6.58 7.00 3.89 3.04 2.84 2.92 2.84 -96.54 B. Chemical industry 79.86 79.86 80.42 65.80 53.10 53.03 47.96 47.66 48.27 49.17 17.29 17.88 15.53 8.97 9.39 12.09 9.51 7.64 8.89 8.10 3.86 4.25 0.67 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 -99.81 C. Metal industry 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 -43.89 1.99 1.99 2.00 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.94 1.94 1.96 1.96 2.00 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.39 2.73 2.74 2.93 3.10 2.69 2.71 3.18 2.87 2.65 2.74 2.65 33.13 H. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 3. Agriculture 63.08 63.08 63.37 63.18 62.21 62.59 62.64 62.49 62.90 62.09 61.15 59.43 56.67 57.40 56.74 56.14 55.08 54.17 52.46 52.41 52.32 52.80 52.45 51.79 52.43 54.25 53.44 -15.27 B. Manure management 5.94 5.94 5.94 5.97 5.98 6.03 6.07 6.21 6.22 6.16 5.92 5.83 5.62 5.43 5.45 5.45 5.31 5.23 5.11 5.00 4.92 4.91 4.84 4.81 4.82 4.89 4.93 -16.95 D. Agricultural soils 56.48 56.48 56.81 56.64 55.79 56.12 56.13 55.86 56.24 55.49 54.79 53.19 50.65 51.58 50.94 50.34 49.43 48.58 47.00 47.06 47.07 47.58 47.30 46.68 47.30 49.06 48.21 -14.64

Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 319 J. Other 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.30 -32.33 8.26 8.26 8.18 8.10 8.06 8.01 8.00 7.92 7.87 7.81 7.76 7.55 7.30 7.07 6.94 6.65 6.46 6.27 6.10 5.87 5.71 5.60 5.53 5.50 5.32 5.23 5.09 -38.31 A. Forest land 1.35 1.35 1.32 1.28 1.27 1.25 1.27 1.22 1.20 1.17 1.14 1.13 1.11 1.08 1.05 1.04 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.81 0.79 0.73 -46.31 B. Cropland 3.42 3.42 3.41 3.40 3.40 3.39 3.38 3.38 3.37 3.37 3.36 3.18 3.01 2.86 2.70 2.56 2.43 2.30 2.18 2.07 1.97 1.90 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.64 -52.01 C. Grassland 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.19 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.18 0.12 0.12 0.12 252.98 D. Wetlands 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -92.85 E. Settlements 1.96 1.96 1.94 1.92 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.86 1.84 1.84 1.82 1.81 1.80 1.79 1.78 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.73 1.72 1.72 -12.28 F. Other land NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 H. Other NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.00 5.
Waste 2.74 2.74 2.73 2.83 2.81 2.83 2.86 2.98 3.01 3.09 3.07 3.25 3.28 3.30 3.23 3.35 3.56 3.69 3.86 3.76 4.02 4.31 4.50 4.47 4.50 4.68 4.71 71.75 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.18 0.21 0.26 0.41 0.45 0.49 0.67 0.87 1.04 1.23 1.22 1.41 1.66 1.87 1.88 1.94 2.13 2.19 16,584.18 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.17 67.35 2.63 2.63 2.61 2.72 2.68 2.71 2.71 2.81 2.82 2.73 2.67 2.79 2.67 2.65 2.54 2.49 2.50 2.46 2.43 2.36 2.43 2.45 2.44 2.41 2.38 2.37 2.35 -10.69 E. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 172.24 172.24 172.84 157.88 144.13 145.05 140.53 139.55 140.03 140.04 106.68 105.51 100.05 93.78 92.98 95.05 91.58 88.50 87.70 85.64 79.86 81.08 77.46 76.99 76.68 78.74 77.93 -54.75 Aviation 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.53 0.57 0.59 0.63 0.67 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.93 1.02 1.10 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.00 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.03 1.05 116.34 Navigation 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.26 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.26 0.24 0.28 0.27 0.23 0.26 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.19 -12.65 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE 0.00 Indirect N2O 14.38 14.38 13.95 13.68 12.90 12.36 11.77 11.31 10.47 10.29 9.69 9.47 9.34 8.85 8.70 8.48 8.46 8.19 7.85 7.12 6.26 6.17 5.81 5.92 5.66 5.29 5.12 -64.40 a - UNFCCC base year for the UK is 1990 NO = not occurring, NA= not applicable, NE = not estimated, IE= included elsewhere

Annex 2: Common Tabular Format Tables (CTF) supporting the UK’s third biennial report to the UNFCCC 320 Emissions Fluorinated Gases Base yeara 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Change from base 16,042.95 16,042.95 16,376.19 16,287.98 17,108.40 18,204.77 19,692.91 20,845.54 23,607.62 20,568.13 11,939.60 10,479.70 11,376.38 11,795.62 13,186.03 12,353.19 13,536.64 14,462.51 14,820.55 15,295.49 15,847.23 16,799.30 15,364.11 15,727.71 16,115.06 16,260.06 16,290.79 1.54 14,391.43 14,391.43 14,991.05 15,597.63 16,505.66 17,593.37 19,095.98 20,249.18 23,104.50 20,074.40 11,465.64 9,882.92 10,890.79 11,387.39 12,829.42 11,919.34 13,151.49 14,074.84 14,532.71 15,029.24 15,649.90 16,511.59 14,947.17 15,472.66 15,796.32 15,981.74 15,963.56 10.92 HFC-43-10mee NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO NA, NO 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 100.00 HFC-134a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.21 0.51 0.83 1.15 1.71 2.29 2.22 2.55 2.89 3.04 3.51 3.71 4.17 4.33 4.39 4.56 4.72 4.76 4.62 4.70 4.72 4.76 4.79 606,640.04 HFC-143a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.19 0.27 0.36 0.44 0.51 0.58 0.66 0.71 0.77 0.83 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.68 0.62 1,232,526.20 HFC-152a 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 36,336,949.87 HFC-227ea IE, NO IE, NO IE, NO IE, NO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 100.00 HFC-236cb NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-236ea NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-236fa NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-245ca NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 HFC-245fa NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 100.00 HFC-365mfc NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 100.00 c-C4F8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 327.93 c-C3F6 NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 0.00 13.45 13.45 13.45 13.52 33.58 60.45 87.32 67.00 25.97 18.00 7.39 9.62 4.21 6.43 1.56 2.52 3.08 2.52 1.53 0.33 0.32 1.08 2.44 2.38 3.95 2.08 3.58 -73.35 a - UNFCCC base year for the UK is 1990 NO = not occurring, NA= not applicable, NE = not estimated, IE= included elsewhere

Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction base year Emission reductions target (% of base year/ 1990 Legally binding target trajectories for the period 2013-2020 are enshrined in both the EU-ETS Directive (Directive 2003/87/EC and respective amendments) and the Effort Sharing Decision (Decision No 406/2009/EC). These legally binding trajectories not only result in a 20% GHG reduction in 2020 compared to 1990 but also define the EU’s annual target pathway to reduce EU GHG emissions from 2013 to 2020. The Effort Sharing Decision sets annual national emission targets for all Member States for the period 2013-2020 for those sectors not covered by the EU emissions trading system (ETS), expressed as percentage changes from 2005 levels. In March 2013, the Commission formally adopted the national annual limits throughout the period for each Member State.
By 2020, the national targets will collectively deliver a reduction of around 10% in total EU emissions from the sectors covered compared with 2005 levels. The emission reduction to be achieved from the sectors covered by the EU ETS will be 21% below 2005 emission levels by 2020. Emission reductions target (% of 1990) 20% Period for reaching target BY-2020

Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction gases and sectors covered Gases covered Covered Base Year Aviation Yes Aviation in the scope of the CO2 emissions from all flights falling within the aviation activities listed in Annex I of the EU ETS Directive which depart from an aerodrome situated in the territory of a Member State and those which arrive in such an aerodrome from a third country, excluding small commercial emitters. Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction global warming potential values (GWP) Gases Covered GWP reference source Comments CO2 Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring 4 Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring 2O Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring HFCs Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring PFCs Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring 6 Yes IPCC AR4 as adopted in UNFCCC reporting guidelines for national GHG inventories of Annex I Parties and as adopted under the EU Monitoring Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction approach to counting emissions and removals from LULUCF in base year level and target Excluded Contribution of LULUCF is calculated using

Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction market-based mechanisms under the Convention Possible scale of contributions of Possible scale of contributions of market-based mechanisms under the convention 0 The 2020 Climate and Energy Package allows Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) to be used for compliance purposes, subject to a number of restrictions in terms of origin and type of project and up to an established limit. In addition, the legislation foresees the possible recognition of units from new market mechanisms. Under the EU ETS the limit does not exceed 50% of the required reduction below 2005 levels. In the sectors not covered by the ETS, annual use shall not exceed to 3 % of each Member States’ non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions in 2005. A limited number of Member States may use an additional 1%, from projects in LDCs or SIDS subject to conditions. CERs 0 The use of these units under the ETS Directive and the Effort Sharing Decision is subject to the limits specified above which do not separate between CERs and ERUs, but include additional criteria for the use of CERs. ERUs 0 The use of these units under the ETS Directive and the Effort Sharing Decision is subject to the limits specified above which do not separate between CERs and ERUs, but include additional criteria for the use of CERs. AAUsb 0 AAUs for the period 2013-2020 have not yet been determined. The EU expects to achieve its 20% target for the period 2013-2020 with the implementation of the ETS Directive and the ESD Decision in the non-ETS sectors which do not allow the use of AAUs from non-EU Carry-over unitsc 0 The time-period of the Convention target is from 1990-2020, no carry-over units will be used to achieve the 2020 target. Other mechanism units under the Convention 0 There are general provisions in place in the EU legislation that allow for the use of such units provided that the necessary legal arrangements for the creation of such units have been put in place in the EU which is not the case at the point in time of the provision of

Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction market-based mechanisms under the Convention Possible scale of contributions of 0 The 2020 Climate and Energy Package allows Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) to be used for compliance purposes, subject to a number of restrictions in terms of origin and type of project and up to an established limit. In addition, the legislation foresees the possible recognition of units from new market mechanisms. Under the EU ETS the limit does not exceed 50% of the required reduction below 2005 levels. In the sectors not covered by the ETS, annual use shall not exceed to 3 % of each Member States’ non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions in 2005. A limited number of Member States may use an additional 1%, from projects in LDCs or SIDS subject to conditions. Description of quantified economy-wide emission reduction any other information In December 2009, the European Council reiterated the conditional offer of the EU to move to a 30% reduction by 2020 compared to 1990 levels as part of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2012, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities. Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emissions reductions information on mitigation actions and their effects Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Various Grouped savings produced by a selection of post-2009 energy supply policies as indicated in this 12,952 36,170 42,863 43,240 47,279 Economic Implemented It sets an emissions target (cap) for installations covered by the system (across the EU), with the carbon price, and therefore where cheaply.
It guarantees that total emissions in the sectors covered will not exceed the cap set, and in doing so drives investments in low-carbon technologies, leading to cutting emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases Regulatory Expired The Large Combustion Plant sets limits on emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust greater. Has now been replaced by the Industrial Emissions Directive. Implemented Increases Renewable Obligation (RO) targets in electricity supply renewables target for 2020 as set out in the Renewables Directive Implemented Feed-in Tariffs (FITs) support communities and individuals to generate low-carbon electricity using small-scale (5 MW or less total installed capacity) systems. Electricity suppliers are obliged to pay the regulated tariffs to eligible

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Regulatory Adopted As transposed into UK law, the January 2016 with similar although out in chapter III of the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) (IED). Those provisions already apply in respect to any plant newly permitted since 7 January 2013. available to generating plants; to abate emissions and comply with more stringent limits by 2020; to comply with less stringent limits but face a 1,500 hour per year load factor constrain; or to close Economic Adopted Part of the government’s Electricity sufficient capacity is available to construction and use of new low Economic Implemented Offers Contracts for Difference (CfDs) in the electricity generation due to be phased out from 2017. Current policy offers CfD for new capacity through auctions should Government’s choose to hold them. There is also a bilateral negotiation Economic Planned Planned continuation of Contracts for Difference (CfDs) for new low Economic Implemented The Carbon Price Floor (CPF) is designed to further reduce the use of emission-intensive fossil fuels and increase the proportion of electricity generation and supply

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including extensions, conversions and certain replacement windows and boilers. 8,801 10,140 7,708 5,110 2,733 Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including extensions, conversions and certain replacement windows and boilers. 3,232 5,382 6,376 4,832 3,772 Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including extensions, conversions and certain replacement windows and boilers. Regulatory Implemented The EU Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Framework Regulation respectively operate by setting minimum performance and information requirements for energy using products placed to take the least efficient products off the market and to give consumers clear information to make informed 5,923 5,593 3,082 1,631 485 Regulatory Implemented The EU Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Framework Regulation respectively operate by setting minimum performance and information requirements for energy using products placed to take the least efficient products off the market and to give consumers clear information to make informed

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Economic Implemented The Non-Domestic Renewable financial incentives to increase the uptake of renewable heat by businesses, the public sector and non-profit organisations. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for 20 years based on The Domestic RHI is a government financial incentive to promote the use of renewable heat. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for seven years for the amount of renewable heat it is estimated their system produces. 1,491 2,401 2,444 2,418 1,014 Economic Planned The Non-Domestic Renewable financial incentives to increase the uptake of renewable heat by businesses, the public sector and non-profit organisations. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for 20 years based on The Domestic RHI is a government financial incentive to promote the use of renewable heat. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for seven years for the amount of renewable heat it is estimated their system produces. - 2,132 2,589 2,600 2,609 Smart Metering* Energy supply, Information Implemented The smart metering programme will replace 53 million meters with smart electricity and gas meters in all domestic properties, and smart or advanced meters in smaller non domestic sites in Great Britain by the end of 2020. Smart meters will deliver consumers with near-real time information on their energy consumption to help them control energy and money. It will deliver information upon which to manage and plan current activities. Smart meters will also assist the move towards smart grids which support will help reduce the total energy 327 2,058 2,021 1,851 1,744

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Expired The Carbon Trust provides a range of measures from general advice accreditation, to reduce emissions 2002 Carbon Trust 1,615 353 66 - - Implemented The Carbon Reduction Commitment emissions trading scheme (launched in 2010). It encourages the uptake of energy efficiency measures in large non-energy intensive private and public sector organisations that use energy not covered by the EU ETS or Climate Change Agreements. It covers 1800-1900 large users of energy across the business and The scheme is split into phases. Phase 1 ran from 1 April 2010 until 31 March 2014. Phase 2 runs from 1 April 2014 until 31 March 2019. In the 2016 Spring Budget, the Chancellor announced the closure of the CRC after Phase 2 (i.e. following Implemented The main rates of the CCL businesses to reduce their energy reduced main rates of CCL through CCAs, or be exempt from the CCL for mineralogical/metallurgical Adopted Budget 2016 announced that CCL rates will increase from April 2019, moving to an electricity-to-gas ratio of 2.5:1 compared to the previous 2.9:1 ratio. In the longer term, the government intends to rebalance the rates further, reaching a ratio of 1:1 by 2025.
The changes in CCL between 2019 and 2025, as well as the rates from 2025 onwards, have

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Expired The Energy Company Obligation (ECO) is a statutory obligation 250,000 domestic customers and delivering over a certain amount reductions in carbon emissions or achieve heating cost savings in domestic households. ECO focuses on insulation measures, and also income and vulnerable households. It ran until March 2017. ECO initially ‘ECO1’), although was extended in April 2014 to March 2017(‘ECO2’). Implemented The 2015 Spending Review replaced with a new, lower cost scheme that will run for 5 years (to March 2022) and will tackle the root causes of fuel poverty. The 5 year extension will take place in the two phases, with the ECO Extension (April 2017 - Sept 2018) acting as a bridge between the expired ECO scheme and the new fuel poverty will run from Oct 2018 to March Planned The 2015 Spending Review replaced with a new, lower cost scheme that will run for 5 years (to March 2022) and will tackle the root causes of fuel poverty. The 5 year extension will take place in the two phases, with the ECO Extension (April 2017 - Sept 2018) acting as a bridge between the expired ECO scheme and the new fuel poverty will run from Oct 2018 to March

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Economic Expired Warm Front installed heating and insulation measures to make homes warmer and more energy efficient for private sector households in England vulnerable to fuel poverty. The scheme offered a package of heating and insulation measures of up to £3,500 (or £6,000 where oil central heating or other alternative technologies are recommended). Regulatory Expired Energy Efficiency Commitment I (EEC I): GB wide regulation that required all electricity and gas a combined energy saving of 62 their customers to install energy- EEC II - energy suppliers with more than 50,000 domestic customers required to deliver a total of 130 TWh lifetime energy use reductions in GB households, primarily through the promotion of energy efficiency that required all domestic energy suppliers with a customer base 4,627 2,987 2,476 2,293 2,258 Regulatory Expired CERT extension - increased the targets originally set under CERT by 20% and required domestic energy suppliers with a customer base in excess of 50,000 (later increased to 250,000) to make savings in also refocused subsidy towards insulation measures and away from electricity saving measures such as low energy lighting - and introduced a super priority group (households in receipt of certain means-tested benefits) to make energy reductions 1,914 1,680 1,420 1,317 1,247

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Regulatory Expired Community Energy Saving regulation that targeted households across Great Britain, in areas of efficiency standards, and reduce fuel bills. CESP was funded by an obligation on larger energy suppliers and also the larger, Expired Energy Performance Certificates building is sold, rented out or constructed, and sometimes after information on a building’s energy efficiency in a sliding scale from ‘A’ (very efficient) to ‘G’ (least efficient) Energy Performance Certificates building is sold, rented out or constructed, and after refurbishment undertaken to a building and the modifications change the number of parts designed or altered for provision or extension of any fixed services for heating, hot water, air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation. EPCs give information on a building’s energy efficiency in a sliding scale from ‘A’ (very efficient) to Adopted Extension of the EPBD requirement for public buildings to display Energy Performance Certificates to include buildings over 250m2 from Planned "The Government is required to report to the European Commission by June 2017 to demonstrate that UK building standards for energy performance remain ‘cost optimal’. Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Implemented From the 1 April 2018 there will be a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to have a minimum energy Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations will come into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1 April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1 April 2020 (1 April 2023 for non-domestic properties). It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating, unless there is to achieving energy efficiency Economic Implemented The Public Sector Energy Efficiency Loans Scheme, managed by Salix Finance Ltd, provides interest-free loans in England to public sector organisations for energy efficiency schemes. These loans are intended to provide the capital cost of energy efficiency retrofit work and other measures to be installed. These loans have a payback period of five years (eight for schools) during which the repayments are met with the energy bill savings from the energy efficiency measures. Thus, once the loan has been paid off, the organisations continue to benefit from energy savings for the lifetime of these measures. This funding is then recycled once it has been returned to the Scheme and once again loaned out. BEIS provides the most amount of funding to the funding from Scotland, Wales and to achieving energy efficiency Economic Expired The Carbon Trust provided interest free loans of £3,000 - £400,000 businesses to invest in energy efficiency equipment and renewable technologies. These loans were designed so that in most cases the forecast reduction in energy costs would be similar to the total

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) energy-intensive industries to Implemented Climate Change Agreements offer participating energy-intensive industries a discount from the for meeting targets for energy reductions. From 2013 these are a 90% discount for electricity and a 65% discount for other fuels. From 2019 this will increase to a 93% discount for electricity and 78% Implemented A mandatory energy assessment scheme for all large undertakings requirements contained Article 8 of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU).
Organisations which but have both an annual turnover exceeding £38.9m and an annual £33.4m, must measure their total energy consumption and carry out audits of the energy used by their buildings, industrial processes and transport to identify cost-effective years thereafter. It is estimated that around 10,000 organisations will Economic Adopted The Heat Networks Investment Project (HNIP) capital investment programme is expected to support through grants and loans and other mechanisms and to lever in up to wider investment, reducing bills, cutting carbon and forming a key part of wider urban regeneration in Economic Implemented Major programme of rail electrification underway to replace older diesel trains with modern,

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Transport CO2 Reduce the fossil carbon Regulatory Implemented The RTFO set a phased 5% target for biofuel use by diesel and petrol suppliers to be achieved by 2014. Targets are by volume rather than Renewables Directive (2009/28/EC). 2,385 2,344 2,228 2,150 2,112 Regulatory Planned To set enhanced targets for biofuel use by diesel and petrol suppliers to be achieved by 2020. Implements the EU Renewables Directive (2009/28/ - 5,818 5,587 5,400 5,297

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Implemented EC Regulation 443/2009 sets fuel efficiency targets for new cars to The regulation translates a fleet average CO2 tailpipe emissions target for new vehicles sold into the EU market into specific targets according to the mass of their fleet. Heavy fines are imposed for non-compliance. The 2021 target is for a fleet average of 95g CO2/ km across the single market, with a transition period where 95% of a manufacturer’s fleet must meet the collection of technologies that could improve ‘real world’ fuel efficiency of cars which wouldn’t be fully captured in new car CO2 target and could improve fuel efficiency within the existing fleet. These include gear shift indicators, tyre pressure monitoring systems more efficient mobile air-conditioning and low rolling resistance tyres. EC Regulation 661/2009 sets minimum requirements and introduce labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres. Measures to support the uptake of ultra low emission vehicles include the Plug-in Car and Plug-in Van Grants towards ultra-low emission as well as various tax incentives including lower rates for Vehicle Tax. EV infrastructure is directly supported through the Workplace charge points for employees and fleets, the Electric Vehicle Home On-street Residential Charging charge points are available every 20 miles on the Strategic Road 821 4,882 11,255 17,297 22,448

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Implemented EC Regulation 510/2011 sets fuel efficiency targets for new Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) to be Regulation 661/2009 sets minimum requirements and introduce labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres. The regulation translates a fleet average CO2 tailpipe emissions target for new vehicles sold into the EU market into specific targets for individual manufacturers according to the mass of their fleet. Heavy fines are imposed for non-compliance. The 2020 target is for a fleet average of 147g CO2 / km and represents a reduction of Measures include the Plug-in Car and Plug-in Van Grants towards ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) cars and vans, as well as various tax incentives including lower rates for Vehicle Excise Duty and Company Car Tax. EV infrastructure is directly supported through the Workplace Charging Scheme grants for EV charge points for employees and fleets, the Electric Vehicle Home charge Scheme grants towards home EV charge points and the On-street Residential Charging charge points are available every 20 miles on the Strategic Road Network. Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Implemented EC Regulation 661/2009 sets introduces labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres. Industry range of actions to reduce freight emissions, including the Freight Transport Association’s Logistics Carbon Reduction Scheme, which report and reduce emissions from The Mode Shift Revenue Support shift from road to rail or inland higher than road, and where there are environmental benefits to be gained. It currently helps to remove around 800,000 lorry journeys a year from Britain’s roads. A similar scheme, Waterborne Freight Grant, can provide assistance with the operating costs associated with coastal or short sea shipping. Implemented The Government has implemented measures to encourage alternatively fuelled HGVs including through reduced fuel duty rates for road fuel gases, and increasing rewards Fuel Obligation. We have recently consulted on proposed legislative amendments which would further increase support for renewable transport fuels suitable for heavy operators establish and run fleets of alternatively fuelled HGVs through the Low Carbon Truck Trial. £11.3m funding has been provided, via competition, to part fund and test around 370 commercial vehicles, with most using a gas or dual fuel system (diesel and gas), and to develop refuelling infrastructure. Savings for this policy are captured within HGV fuel efficiency policies. Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Implemented The Green Bus Fund (GBF) allowed bus companies and local authorities in England to compete for funds to help them buy new low carbon emission buses. The four rounds of the fund, which ran from 2009- 2014, replaced by the Low Emission Bus Fund (LEBS) which offered £30m for bus operators and local authorities across England and Wales to bid for low emission buses and supporting infrastructure. This scheme funding is open from 2016-2019 and the successful bidders were announced in July 2016, adding more than 300 extra low emission buses to fleets. Economic Implemented £600m of capital and revenue investments by Local Government. The projects include promoting public transport, encouraging uptake of cycling and walking, and raising awareness of the alternative transport modes available to commuters and residents Awards were made through competitive bidding processes. Since then revenue central Government has made funding of £65m (2015/16) and £20m( (p.a. 2016/17 to 2019/20) ) available for similar schemes.
Implemented Range of resource-efficient and land 1,000 2,429 3,197 3,197 3,197 Economic Implemented Co-funded by industry and addressing industry priorities. Funding is split been projects - “the Agri-Tech Catalyst” – and new Centres of Agricultural Innovation. These technologies can contribute to agricultural efficiency and

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Agriculture N2O Reduce nitrate pollution to Implemented Improved compliance with the Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC). Designated revised "Nitrate Vulnerable Zones" (NVC); established a range of nitrate pollution to water in NVC. Also Code of Good Practice outside 2O Reducing pollution to water Economic, Implemented Delivers practical solutions and targeted support to enable farmers and land managers to take voluntary action to reduce diffuse water pollution from agriculture to protect water bodies and the environment. Soils For Profit* Agriculture N 2O Soil protection Education Expired Provides on farm reviews and training on soils manures and nutrients. The 2009 Natural England (NE). IE IE IE IE IE Economic Implemented Provides income foregone support Agricultural Policy (CAP) for farmers to undertake management options that benefit biodiversity, resource protection Landfill Tax, an escalating tax Implemented There are a number of waste measures with the aim of increasing recycling/ reuse and reduce harmful disposal. (2008/98/EC): is the general framework of waste management requirements and sets rules governing the separate The Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC): sets rules governing the disposal of The UK Landfill a tax on waste There are other waste measures targeting other waste streams, such as the Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC). The overall effect is reducing environmental impacts of waste, such as landfilling

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) HFCs Implement obligations under Regulatory Implemented This regulation implements obligations under the Montreal (2037/2000/ EC and 1005/2009/EC) on ozone depleting substances. With the exemption of some critical use exemptions, CFCs and halon use is banned and HCFC use was banned from 2015. Most ozone depleting substances are potent greenhouse gases, so reductions in their use both protects the ozone layer and provides some GHG emissions mitigation. Regulatory Implemented Control (containment, prevention and reduction) of F-gas emissions through recovery, leak reduction and repair and some very limited use bans. Mandatory certification requirements to work with Regulatory Adopted Introduced an 80% phase down in the quantities of F gases that can be placed on the EU market delivered via a gradually reducing quota system; a number of bans on the use of certain F gases in some new equipment; a ban on the use of very high GWP HFCs for the servicing of certain types of refrigeration equipment; some strengthening of obligations in 2006 Regulation related to leak checking, repairs, F gas recovery and technician training. - 4,569 8,470 12,343 14,458 Increase afforestation Regulatory, Implemented Grouped savings produced by a selection of post-2009 forestry policies LULUCF CO2 Increase rate of afforestation Voluntary Implemented Woodland Carbon Code (UK coverage): voluntary standard for forest carbon projects to attract private finance to woodland expansion. 2011 Forestry Commission IE IE IE IE IE LULUCF CO2 Increase rate of afforestation Voluntary Implemented Exchequer-funded grant to support the creation of large-scale productive woodlands which also enhance natural 2016 Forestry Commission IE IE IE IE IE

Brief Description Start Year of Greenhouse Gas Saving (ktCO2 eq) Implemented Revised (2017) national standard for sustainable forest management to include a new guideline on climate change, covering both adaptation and 2017 Forestry Commission IE IE IE IE IE limit deforestation and forest Regulatory Implemented Strong regulatory framework that controls felling, only allows deforestation for purposes of nature conservation and prevents afforestation of deep peat. Legislation updated 1999 Forestry Commission IE IE IE IE IE 2 Industry-led action plan with Implemented Industry-led action plan announced in Government's Forestry and Woodlands Policy Statement (2013) which aspires to encourage businesses to invest in woodland creation and sustainable LULUCF CO2 Grant aid for afforestation Economic Implemented Woodland creation grants provided Development Programmes in all four LULUCF CO2 Strategy to increase wood Implemented Grant to support the planning of large- scale productive woodlands, compliant with the UK Forestry Standard. 2015 Forestry Commission IE IE IE IE IE Expired Initiative to develop supply chains, harvesting/processing and woodland access, to increase wood fuel supply 2011 Forestry Commission IE IE IE IE IE * Indicates that a mitigation action has been included in the ‘with measures’ projection.. IE – included elsewhere. The impact of measure has been included in the UK’s ‘with measures’ emissions projections, however no specific ‘without-measure’ counterfactual is available. Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets – further information on mitigation actions relevant to the counting of emissions and removals from the land use, land-use change and forestry sector in relation to activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Kyoto GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND SINK ACTIVITIES Base yeard Net emissions/removals Accounting A.1. Afforestation/reforestation -400.01 -774.72 -1,252.83 -2,427.56 -2,427.56 Excluded emissions from natural disturbances(5) NA NA NA NA NA Excluded subsequent removals from land subject to natural disturbances(6) NA NA NA NA NA A.2. Deforestation 1,339.15 1,248.06 1,381.58 3,968.79 3,968.79 B.1. Forest Management -57,503.55 -10001.55 Net emissions/removals -19,504.76 -19,337.00 -18,661.79 -57,503.55 Excluded emissions from natural disturbances(5) NO NO NO NO NO Excluded subsequent removals from land subject to natural disturbances(6) NO NO NO NO NO Any debits from newly established forest (CEF-ne)(7),(8) NO NO NO NO NO Forest management reference level (FMRL)(9) -8268.00 Technical corrections to FMRL(10) -7566.00 Forest management capl 223914.53 -10001.55 B.2. Cropland management (if elected) 15224.97 13,645.11 13,410.77 13,292.41 40,348.28 -5326.64 B.3. Grazing land management (if elected) -7487.25 -6,376.38 -6,428.92 -6,492.34 -19,297.65 3164.11 B.4. Revegetation (if elected) NA NA NA NA NA B.5. Wetland drainage and rewetting (if elected) NE NE NE NE NE

1 kt CO2 eq equals 1 Gg CO2 eq.
CRF = common reporting format, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry, NA= not applicable, NO= not occurring, NE= not estimated a Reporting by a developed country Party on the information specified in the common tabular format does not prejudge the position of other Parties with regard to the treatment of units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention or other market-based mechanisms towards achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets. b Developed country Parties with a quantified economy-wide emission reduction target as communicated to the secretariat and contained in document FCCC/SB/2011/INF.1/Rev.1 or any update to that c Parties can include references to the relevant parts of the national inventory report, where accounting methodologies regarding LULUCF are further described in the documentation box or in the biennial reports. d Net emissions and removals in the Party’s base year, as established by decision 9/CP .2. f Additional columns for relevant years should be added, if applicable. g Cumulative net emissions and removals for all years of the commitment period reported in the current submission. h The values in the cells “3.3 offset” and “Forest management cap” are absolute values. i The accounting quantity is the total quantity of units to be added to or subtracted from a Party’s assigned amount for a particular activity in accordance with the provisions of Article 7, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto j In accordance with paragraph 4 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, debits resulting from harvesting during the first commitment period following afforestation and reforestation since 1990 shall not be greater than the credits accounted for on that unit of land. k In accordance with paragraph 10 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, for the first commitment period a Party included in Annex I that incurs a net source of emissions under the provisions of Article 3 paragraph 3, may account for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in areas under forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, up to a level that is equal to the net source of emissions under the provisions of Article 3, paragraph 3, but not greater than 9.0 megatonnes of carbon times five, if the total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the managed forest since 1990 is equal to, or larger than, the net source of emissions incurred under Article 3, paragraph 3. l In accordance with paragraph 11 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol only, additions to and subtractions from the assigned amount of a Party resulting from Forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, after the application of paragraph 10 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1 and resulting from forest management project activities undertaken under Article 6, shall not exceed the value inscribed in the appendix of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, times five. Section 11 of the UK national inventory report has further details on accounting methodologies. LULUCF is not covered by the joint EU quantified economy-wide emission target therefore this sector is not accounted for in the assessment of progress towards achievement of the target. Units of market based mechanisms Year Kyoto Protocol units (number of units) NO NO Units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention (number of units) Units from other market-based mechanisms (number of units) The 2020 Climate and Energy Package allows Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) and Emission Reduction Units (ERUs) to be used for compliance purposes, subject to a number of restrictions in terms of origin and type of project and up to an established limit. In addition, the legislation foresees the possible recognition of units from new market mechanisms. Under the EU ETS the limit does not exceed 50% of the required reduction below 2005 levels. In the sectors not covered by the ETS, annual use shall not exceed to 3 % of each Member States’ non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions in 2005. A limited number of Member States may use an additional 1%, from projects in LDCs or

AAUs = assigned amount units, CERs = certified emission reductions, ERUs = emission reduction units, lCERs = long-term certified emission reductions, tCERs = temporary certified emission reductions, NO =not occurring. 2015 is the latest reporting year. a Reporting by a developed country Party on the information specified in the common tabular format does not prejudge the position of other Parties with regard to the treatment of units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention or other market-based mechanisms towards achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets. b For each reported year, information reported on progress made towards the emission reduction target shall include, in addition to the information noted in paragraphs 9(a-c) of the reporting guidelines, on the use of units from market-based mechanisms. c Parties may include this information, as appropriate and if relevant to their target. d Units surrendered by that Party for that year that have not been previously surrendered by that or any other Party. e In 2015 there were a significant number of AAUs retired as part of the compliance procedure for the first Kyoto Protocol true-up period. LULUCF is not covered by the joint EU quantified economy-wide emission target therefore this sector is not accounted for in the assessment of progress towards achievement of the target.
Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projection analysisa Historicalb Projecteda Key Underlying assumptions 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2020 2025 2030 2035 UK GDP growth rate (per cent/per annum) 0.7% 2.5% 3.7% 3.0% 1.9% 1.5% 1.3% 1.9% 3.1% 2.2% 1.8% 1.9% 2.1% 2.3% 2.3% UK population growth (per cent/per annum) 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% UK households growth (per cent/per annum) 1.0% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.9% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% Crude oil (Brent 1 month) ($/bbl, 2017 prices) 42.4 26.1 39.6 68.1 89.4 121.7 120.9 115.4 103.2 55.9 45.8 57.0 69.0 80.0 80.0 Gas (NBP) (p/therm, 2017 prices) NE NE 24.9 50.7 47.0 61.4 64.8 72.0 52.1 44.5 35.6 43.0 55.0 67.0 67.0 Coal (CIF ARA) ($/tonne, 2017 prices) 77.8 68.3 50.0 75.7 102.9 133.7 99.3 86.8 78.2 58.0 57.0 65.0 77.0 88.0 88.0 EU ETS carbon price (£/tCO2, 2017 prices) NO NO NO 15.3 13.8 12.4 6.5 4.0 5.0 5.8 4.5 4.6 13.2 39.4 39.4 Electricity generation carbon price (£/tCO2, 2017 prices) NO NO NO 15.3 13.8 12.4 6.5 8.0 13.7 22.3 22.8 22.2 23.5 39.4 95.7 Pound Sterling to US Dollars exchange rate ($ per £) 1.786 1.578 1.515 1.819 1.546 1.603 1.585 1.564 1.648 1.529 1.354 1.296 1.313 1.313 1.313 Pound Sterling to Euro exchange rate (€ per £) NO NO 1.642 1.463 1.166 1.153 1.234 1.178 1.241 1.378 1.223 1.146 1.140 1.140 1.140 a Parties should include key underlying assumptions as appropriate. b Parties should include historical data used to develop the greenhouse gas projections reported. NE = not estimated, NO = not occurring. IInformation on updated greenhouse gas projections under a ‘with measures’ scenario GHG Emissions & Removals GHG Projections Base Year1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2030 2 279,103.1 279,103.1 239,158.1 222,220.7 232,297.4 208,085.9 145,537.4 87,553.8 75,618.1 Business 2 114,606.7 114,606.7 112,466.4 116,510.8 110,104.6 95,136.6 84,914.1 76,168.5 59,960.9 Industrial Processes 2 59,950.0 59,950.0 50,856.9 27,134.7 20,648.3 12,671.3 12,705.6 10,013.7 9,030.3 Transport 2 123,029.3 123,029.3 123,272.6 127,847.1 131,742.9 121,265.8 121,033.8 117,135.8 109,398.6 Residential 2 80,394.9 80,394.9 81,964.8 89,051.4 86,083.9 87,884.3 66,669.9 66,849.8 71,719.5 Public 2 13,496.9 13,496.9 13,276.9 12,110.8 11,174.2 9,746.7 8,088.0 6,977.0 7,536.8 Agriculture 2 59,309.8 59,309.8 58,745.9 55,225.4 51,466.4 48,940.5 49,405.8 46,862.9 44,583.8 Waste 2 66,925.1 66,925.1 69,312.4 62,991.0 49,424.4 31,944.2 18,410.8 13,922.6 11,229.0 2 Emissions including Net CO2 from LULUCF 598,520.0 598,520.0 560,403.1 558,789.8 558,438.7 499,940.2 406,808.2 333,799.8 314,229.7 CO2 excluding Net CO2 from LULUCF 595,297.4 595,297.4 559,783.1 560,581.7 563,637.4 507,470.0 415,721.5 346,464.0 322,856.7 CH4 Emissions including Net CH4 from LULUCF 135,347.5 135,347.5 128,847.8 111,052.0 89,388.5 68,266.1 52,616.7 46,817.1 41,210.2 CH4 excluding Net CH4 from LULUCF 135,330.8 135,330.8 128,817.9 111,019.8 89,347.5 68,225.9 52,590.2 46,785.3 41,183.6 N2O Emissions including Net N2O from LULUCF 51,326.1 51,326.1 41,877.8 31,441.9 27,290.6 24,161.7 23,223.1 22,050.2 21,929.2 N2O excluding Net N2O from LULUCF 48,865.2 48,865.2 39,495.0 29,191.4 25,364.4 22,493.5 21,704.9 20,499.0 20,039.8 HFCs 14,391.4 14,391.4 19,096.0 9,882.9 13,151.5 16,511.6 15,963.6 11,096.9 4,311.0 PFCs 1,651.5 1,651.5 596.9 596.8 385.1 287.7 327.2 257.0 257.0 Total with LULUCF 802,515.9 802,515.9 752,086.76 713,582.71 689,710.70 609,854.08 499,396.72 414,402.8 382,365.8 Total without LULUCF 796,815.8 796,815.8 749,054.1 713,091.9 692,942.3 615,675.4 506,765.4 425,484.1 389,076.8 2. National communication sectors Numbers are reported on UNFCCC coverage and as such will not precisely match nationally published equivalents

Provision of public financial summary information in 2015 2015 Domestic currency (£m) USD ($m) Allocation channels Core/general Climate-specific Core/general Climate-specific Other Mitigation Adaptation Cross- Total contributions through multilateral Multilateral climate change funds 1,582.4 318.4 170.2 12.7 2,415.9 486.2 259.9 19.4 Multilateral climate change funds 120.0 120.0 183.2 183.2 Other multilateral climate change funds 198.4 50.2 12.7 303.0 76.7 19.4 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development banks 1,527.4 2,331.9 Specialised United Nations bodies 55.0 84.0 Total contributions through bilateral, regional and other channels 336.5 395.7 20.7 513.7 604.2 31.7 Total 1,582.4 654.9 566.0 33.5 2,415.9 999.9 864.1 51.1 The UK has reported the core contributions it has made to the listed multilaterals, plus some other contributions. These contributions are to the core budget and the UK cannot specify these as climate specific. 2015 Exchange rate $1 = £0.655 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries). 2016 Exchange rate $1 = £0.741 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries). The UK has reported climate specific contributions through multilateral channels, where the channel has a clear climate purpose for example the Green Climate Fund and the Climate Investment Funds. Our contributions through other channels are identified as climate specific as they are funded from dedicated ring fences of climate finance with clear climate change objectives. The business cases for these programmes are scrutinised to ensure they comply with these objectives. The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘provided’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to the note’s The UK has reported annual spend from its International Climate Fund (ICF) and climate specific ODA eligible spend from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Prosperity Fund. The UK is providing new levels of climate finance in addition to historic levels of ODA; the provision of climate finance is not resulting in a diversion of wider development spend. The UK has increased its annual climate finance expenditure from £587m in 2009 to £1254m in 2015, this is an increase of 114%. Alongside this increase, the UK’s overall ODA spend increased from £7.2bn in 2009 to £12.2bn in 2015, in line with growth in GNI (the UK is a 0.7 donor). New climate finance is, therefore, provided in addition to a growing overall aid budget. The UK has provided the majority of it’s climate finance via grants.
The exceptions to this are the two bilateral contributions that are marked as equity. All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals. We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the reported spend. The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the year. Provision of public financial summary information in 2016 2016 Domestic currency (£m) USD ($m) Allocation channels Core/general Climate-specific Core/general Climate-specific Other Mitigation Adaptation Cross- Total contributions through multilateral Multilateral climate change funds 1,426.8 145.8 122.0 0.0 1,925.5 196.7 164.6 Multilateral climate change funds 91.3 121.0 123.1 163.3 Other multilateral climate change funds 54.5 1.0 73.5 1.3 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development banks 1,426.8 1,925.5 Specialised United Nations bodies Total contributions through bilateral, regional and other channels 371.0 411.0 0.9 500.7 554.7 1.2 Total 1,426.8 516.8 533.0 0.9 1,925.8 697.4 719.2 1.2 The UK has reported the core contributions it has made to the listed multilaterals, plus some other contributions. These contributions are to the core budget and the UK cannot specify 2015 Exchange rate $1 = £0.655 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries). 2016 Exchange rate $1 = £0.741 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries). The UK has reported climate specific contributions through multilateral channels, where the channel has a clear climate purpose for example the Green Climate Fund and the Climate Our contributions through other channels are identified as climate specific as they are funded from dedicated ring fences of climate finance with clear climate change objectives. The business cases for these programmes are scrutinised to ensure they comply with these objectives. The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘provided’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to the note’s recipient. The UK has reported annual spend from its International Climate Fund (ICF) and climate specific ODA eligible spend from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Prosperity Fund. The UK is providing new levels of climate finance in addition to historic levels of ODA; the provision of climate finance is not resulting in a diversion of wider development spend. The UK has increased its annual climate finance expenditure from £587m in 2009 to £1254m in 2015, this is an increase of 114%. Alongside this increase, the UK’s overall ODA spend increased from £7.2bn in 2009 to £12.2bn in 2015, in line with growth in GNI (the UK is a 0.7 donor). New climate finance is, therefore, provided in addition to a growing overall aid budget. The UK has provided the majority of it’s climate finance via grants. The exceptions to this are the two bilateral contributions that are marked as equity. All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals. We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the reported spend. The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the year. Provision of public financial contribution through multilateral channels in 2015 Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, Total contributions through multilateral channels 1,582.40 2,415.89 488.69 746.09 Multilateral climate change funds 488.69 746.09 1. Global Environment Facility 2. Least Developed Countries Fund 3. Special Climate Change Fund 5. Green Climate Fund 240.00 366.41 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 6. UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities 7. Other multilateral climate change funds 248.69 379.68 Climate Investment Funds 71.99 109.91 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Power Climate Investment Funds – Clean Technology Fund 157.80 240.92 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Climate Development Knowledge Network 18.90 28.85 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting General Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development

Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, 1. World Bank 1,228.00 1,874.81 Provided ODA Grant/Loan 2. International Finance Corporation 3. African Development Bank 217.50 332.06 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting 4. Asian Development Bank 50.00 76.34 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting 5. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 6. Inter-American Development Bank 2.10 3.21 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Other 29.80 45.50 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Specialized United Nations bodies 55.00 83.97 1. United Nations Development Programme 55.00 83.97 Other 55.00 83.97 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting 2. United Nations Environment Programme ODA = official development assistance, OOF = other official flows, USD = United States dollars. Provision of public financial contribution through multilateral channels in 2016 Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, Total contributions through multilateral channels 1,426.81 1,925.52 267.95 361.61 Multilateral climate change funds 267.95 361.61 1. Global Environment Facility 21.00 28.34 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Not applicable 2. Least Developed Countries Fund 30.00 40.49 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Not applicable 3. Special Climate Change Fund 5. Green Climate Fund 161.72 218.25 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Not applicable 6. UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities 7.
Other multilateral climate change funds 55.23 74.53 Global Green Growth Insitute 4.73 6.38 Provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Not applicable Climate Investment Funds- Clean Technology Fund 50.50 68.15 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy

Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development 1. World Bank 1,157.16 1,561.62 Provided ODA Grant/Loan Not applicable 2. International Finance Corporation 3. African Development Bank 207.93 280.61 Provided ODA Grant Not applicable 4. Asian Development Bank 50.00 67.48 Provided ODA Grant Not applicable 5. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 6. Inter-American Development Bank 2.36 3.18 Provided ODA Grant Not applicable Other 9.36 12.63 Provided ODA Grant Not applicable Specialized United Nations bodies 1. United Nations Development Programme 2. United Nations Environment Programme ODA = official development assistance, OOF = other official flows, USD = United States dollars. Provision of public financial contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels 2015 Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, CDC Programme of Support in Africa and South 120.0 183.2 Provided ODA Equity Cross cutting Banking and To enable CDC to scale up its activity of investing and lending to support the building of businesses throughout Africa and South Asia, to create jobs and make a lasting difference to people’s lives in some of the world’s poorest places. Investment is important to support the growth of the private sector which is critical for economic development and poverty reduction. The overall budget for this programme is £740 million and is detailed in the business case. Due to the programme developing over a period of time, the current budget info is published to the development tracker in stages to assist the complex management of this programme. Therefore the current budget will change from £544 million to £740 million to include recently approved capital amendments and does not represent a change to the overall programme budget. Productive Safety Net Programme Phase 4 48.1 73.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Agriculture To reduce hunger, improve livelihoods and reduce the risk of famine in rural Ethiopia by (i) providing cash and food transfers, livelihoods advice and access to microfinance to 1.2 million extremely poor Ethiopians and (ii) creating local infrastructure which reverses environmental degradation and improves access to markets and basic services. 85% of participant households receive transfers as wages for labour on public works projects (including 32,000 km of hillside terraces, 3,000 km of rural roads and 400 new or expanded schools); while the remainder (the elderly, those with disabilities, and pregnant women) receive cash and / or food without a labour requirement. This programme contributes towards national and international development goals and DFID’s own targets for reducing poverty and hunger and for building household resilience to climate change and

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Providing Humanitarian Assistance in Sahel 33.8 51.6 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To provide humanitarian assistance to vulnerable people in the Sahel and help them to cope with future disasters. This will be linked to the seasonal calendar and work alongside longer- term resilience programmes to reduce the long term demand for humanitarian assistance in the Sahel, and will be delivered through NGO and multilateral partners. Forest Governance, Markets and Climate 30.3 46.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry To build on high impact current work and help create the foundations for effective use of finance to reduce emissions from deforestation while ensuring that DFID’s poverty reduction goals are addressedBenefit poor people by putting in place the governance and market reforms that reduce illegal logging and deforestation, building on past high impact work on this issue.A global programme that benefits poor forest-dependent people by supporting governance and market reforms aimed at reducing the illegal use of forest resources and promoting sustainable growth in developing countries. Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate 20.8 31.8 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To help up to 10 million people, especially women and children, in developing countries cope with extreme climate and weather events such as droughts, cyclones and floods (climate extremes). This will be achieved by doing three things. By making grants to civil society organisations to scale up proven technologies and practices in the Sahel, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that help people withstand, and more quickly recover, from climate extremes. By identifying the best ways of doing this, and share this knowledge globally to increase the programme’s overall impact. By supporting national governments to strengthen their policies and actions to respond to climate extremes. These will all contribute to the Millennium Development Goals on the eradication poverty and hunger, and environmental sustainability, and also respond to the Humanitarian and Emergency Response Review recommendation that DFID should integrate the threat from climate change into a Disaster Risk Reduction. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund for 19.5 29.8 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase food availability and incomes of 1-1.5 million target beneficiariesTo increase livelihoods’ resilience and nutrition of 2.5 million peopleTo improve the incomes and nutrition status of over 1.63 million poor people in Burma by promoting resilient livelihoods and food security food security through agricultural commercialisation and climate smart agriculture, financial inclusion, business and skills development, and targeted nutrition support to mothers and children in the ‘One thousand day’ window between conception and a child’s second birthday. Managing Climate Risks for Urban Poor 19.0 29.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Other This programme will help cities plan for and invest in reducing the impacts of weather-related changes and extreme events, through a partnership with the Rockefeller foundation and the Asian Development Bank, on 2 million urban poor and vulnerable people in 25 medium-sized cities in 6 Asian countries (initially Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Indonesia) by improving planning processes so that they consider climate change risks, for developing and funding new investment and infrastructure opportunities, and for knowledge and lesson sharing by 2018.
Solar Nigeria Programme 18.6 28.3 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy To improve the welfare outcomes of the currently underserved communities in Lagos state and Northern Nigeria by making a significant financial contribution towards the solar power electrification of public institutions, such as schools and hospitals. The intervention is expected to, by year 2020, ensure improved welfare outcomes for more than 2.8 million people using domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, with 190,000 school pupils and 4.7 million clinic patients benefiting from public institutions with PV systems, create more than 3000 jobs and ensure greater effectiveness of DFID’s other health and educational sector intervention in Nigeria. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Strengthening Humanitarian Preparedness for 18.0 27.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Disaster strengthen national systems for disaster management in 11 high risk areas (Afghanistan, Burma, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Chad, Madagascar, Central America, Central Asia, African Great Lakes and the Syria region). This will include building and strengthening national early warning systems and communication channels. It will also develop a common understanding of risk that becomes the focus of national/ Productive Social Safety Net Programme 18.0 27.5 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Other social To support the scale up of the Productive Social Safety Net which will reach 1 million households, and these households are the poorest 15%. through the provision of conditional Cash Transfers, Green Public Works and Livelihood Enhancement. This programme will aim to improve the opportunities available to the poorest communities by reducing the depth of income poverty, improving food consumption and increasing their resilience to climate-related shocks. DFID will also support central government to develop and strengthen systems and institutions to deliver more comprehensive social protection provision that can respond to any future economic, food or Enhancing resilience in Karamoja Uganda 17.6 26.8 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase the resilience of targeted communities to climate extremes and weather events. The programme will support 700,000 people to cope with the effects of climate change, this 200,000 people with improved food security through participation in public works programmes; 6,000 agro- pastoralists and pastoralists with access to improved animal nutrition; and 175,000 children under five and pregnant and lactating women treated for malnutrition and with improved access to water by March 2017. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Hunger Safety Net Programme 15.7 24.0 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To reduce poverty, hunger and vulnerability by providing the poorest households in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands with cash transfers. This contributes to our MDGs by preventing 720,000 people from becoming poorer and help them to increase their expenditure on food, health, education and wider livelihood opportunities by 2017. Support to the Global Agriculture and Food 15.6 23.8 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Agriculture To improve agricultural productivity in developing countries and to increase farmers’ access to markets whilst increasing the economic resilience of poor people globally. East Africa Geothermal Energy (EA-Geo) 15.3 23.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Energy The project will increase investment in geothermal power in East Africa. It will reduce the risk of exploratory test drilling, leading to increased investor confidence in under exploited East Africa geothermal energy. It will also improve geothermal strategy, policy and regulations that facilitate investments. Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) 10.0 15.3 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Unallocated/ This programme will provide practical support to implement high quality green growth policies in developing countries. It will also improve knowledge and evidence on green growth policies and their implementation across developing countries. Climate High-Level Investment Programme 9.9 15.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To invest in activities which will build climate resilience and promote low carbon growth in Ethiopia. This will help 1.5 million people to cope with the effects of climate change by 2015, help Ethiopia to protect livelihoods, services, infrastructure and energy supplies from the effects of climate change, and establish its The Water Security Programme 9.0 13.7 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To increase the resilience of poor people to climate change through secure and sustainable access to water resources. We will work with the Global Water Partnership and World Bank Water Partnership Programme to support increased investment in the information, institutions and infrastructure required to

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Scaling up of the Energy and Environment Partnership with Southern and East Africa 8.7 13.3 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Greater access to clean energy services achieved through fast tracking of renewable energy project demonstration and deployment, including through technology learning, donor coordination and private sector investment. Core Support to Private Infrastructure 8.5 13.0 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Energy Increased responsible private sector participation in sustainable infrastructure in poorer developing countries through increased flows of private capital & expertise.This will benefit an additional 105.1 million people by the end of 2015. On Grid Small Scale Renewable Energy in Uganda 7.6 11.6 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy To improve the environment for private investment in Uganda’s renewable energy sector by supporting the construction of at least 15 on-grid small scale power plants. This will increase Uganda’s energy production by circa 20%, mobilise up to £240 million in private finance and stabilise Uganda’s power sector finances by saving approximately $260m to 2.7bn during the period 2013-35, and lead to greenhouse gas emission savings Enhancing Community Resilience Programme 7.6 11.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To achieve sustainable disaster-resilient communities through community-based best practices, public awareness and policy Arid Lands Support Programme 7.5 11.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Agriculture To improve the coping strategies for over 500,000 of the poorest people in Northern Kenya (Turkana, Wajir, Mandera and Marsabit counties) to help them to adapt to climate change and improve their livelihoods.
The programme will also provide opportunities to support the poorest during drought, provide benefits for livestock insurance, increase average real value of assets owned by households, and will allow 64,000 beneficiaries to become less poor relative to non-beneficiaries in the four counties. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Programme of Support to Agriculture in Rwanda 7.1 10.9 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Agriculture To sustainably increase the agricultural productivity of poor farmers by transforming Rwandan agriculture from a subsistence-based to a more commercial-based sector that accelerates agricultural growth. This will help address challenges that may limit agriculture productivity, reduce the rate at which poverty is falling, increase inequality and hamper improvements in food security and malnutrition. The programme will result in increased agricultural productivity, food security and incomes of poor households and contributes towards the MDG’s by helping to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and; promoting gender equality and empowering women. Provision of finance to the Rwanda Fund for Climate Change and Environment 7.0 10.8 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry To improve climate adaptation and low carbon development by providing finance to the Rwanda Fund for Climate Change and Environment from the UK International Climate Fund. This will benefit 15,000 people to cope better with climate change impacts, 2,000 people gain access to clean energy especially in rural areas, protect 1,200 hectares of land against soil erosion, create 2000 green jobs as well as mobilise £8 million of additional finance from the private sector by July 2015. This contributes towards the MDG on environmental sustainability and ensuring an effective response to the impacts of climate change, thus securing current and future development gains as well as protection of the livelihoods of the poorest people. Regional Transboundary Water Resources 6.3 9.6 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To improve governance of shared water resources in Southern Africa, by sustainably improving local water- management capability and supporting development of key water infrastructure. This will indirectly benefit populations in the 13 shared river basins of the SADC region, in which 95 million people reside, through more equitable sharing of water resources, reduced vulnerability to flooding, improved access to drinking water, as well as reducing risk of conflict and better food security. These outcomes will contribute to MDG 1 (“Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger”) and MDG7 (“Ensure Environmental Sustainability”). Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, International Forestry Knowledge (KnowFor) 6.2 9.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry Uptake of international forestry knowledge, evidence and tools for international forestry policy and practice. Climate Proofing Growth and Development in 5.6 8.5 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Government Integrate climate change into development planning, budgeting and delivery in national and sub-national governments in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan, by strengthening planning, budgeting and delivery mechanisms, building awareness and capacity of stakeholders, providing technical and some implementation support, helping leverage domestic finance and actively sharing knowledge by 2018. Providing Clean Energy to the Rural Poor of 5.4 8.3 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General Climate change mitigation and access to clean energy to improve the livelihoods of rural poor in off-grid areas in Kenya Essential Education Programme 5.4 8.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To increase access, retention and improve the quality of education of 300,000 children in primary schools. Contributing to 38,000 more children enrolled and staying in schools within the arid lands and urban slums, a 3% improvement in learning achievements in the early grades and a 10% reduction in teacher absenteeism by 2015. Activities will contribute to the MDGs of universal primary education and gender equity through improvements in the accessibility, affordability and quality of education for Kenyan children.To support 980,000 Kenyan children improve their reading and writing skills and 200,000 of the most marginalised children in Kenya to access better quality schools and to improve their ability to cope with the effects of climate change. Activities will contribute to the MDGs of universal primary education and gender equity through improvements in the accessibility, affordability and quality of education for Kenyan

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Improving Rural Access in Tanzania 5.4 8.2 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Transport and To provide support to the local government infrastructure developmentTo provide support to local government infrastructure by improving access to markets by reducing transport costs. This will lead to an increase in rural income to 45,000 households by 2015. This contributes towards MDG by providing agricultural growth and underpinning strong economic Strategic Partnership between BRAC, DFID and AusAID to support BRAC in delivering progress towards the MDGs in Bangladesh and to support 5.1 7.8 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General Supporting BRAC’s Development Programme in providing basic Health-care Services, Education, Water and Sanitation and Improving the Livelihoods of the poorest and most marganilised South Asia Water Governance Programme 4.8 7.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Water and To improve the management of water within and between South Asian countries, reducing poverty by enabling adaptation to climate change and reducing the risk of conflict over water resources. By 2018, 500 million people living in river basins will benefit from improved water management by reducing their risk of exposure to flooding and drought and enhancing regional security by improving cooperation between governments. ESPA – Eco System Services for Poverty 4.5 6.8 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To understand why ecosystems are becoming degraded and how to reverse this and to ascertain what institutional changes need to be put in place for ecosysyem management to improve Strengthening Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change in Kenya Plus (StARCK+) 4.3 6.6 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To achieve transformational change by helping Kenya to scale up private sector innovation and investment in low carbon and adaptation products, services and assets (e.g. clean energy, sustainable agriculture, water management, weather forecasting). Enabling this change will require targeted support to critical aspects of climate change governance, and stimulation of civil society demand.
This contributes to the UK Government’s International Climate Fund (ICF) commitments and will benefit 828,000 people able to cope with the effects of climate change and 17,600 people with improved access to clean energy. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Sustainable Energy for Women and Girls (SEWG) 3.9 6.0 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Programme aims to shift clean energy markets and delivery systems towards improving the health, safety and economic opportunities of low income girls and women in developing countries, principally in DFID and International Climate Fund (ICF) Private Sector Energy Efficiency 3.8 5.9 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To reduce energy consumption, avoid greenhouse gas emissions and increase investment in companies benefitting from the programme by providing remote advice and funding energy audits and strategies for South Africa businesses by 31 March Green Mini Grids – Tanzania 3.8 5.8 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Heating, cooling To support project preparation and leverage private investment in Green Mini-Grids (GMGs) in Tanzania. Zimbabwe Resilience Building Fund 3.5 5.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To improve the resilience capacity of households affected by climatic shocks and trends through inclusive economic development. The programme will have a risk financing mechanism to make timely, appropriate and predictable funding available for communities that experience large scale humanitarian shocks. The program will also build evidence to improve the policy environment and stimulate service provision to enhance household and community resilience. Carbon Market Finance for Africa (CMF-Africa) 3.4 5.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Heating, cooling The project will transform the use of Clean Development Mechanism and other carbon market finance in Africa, for increased access to small scale, low carbon energy applications in rural areas. This will be through demonstrating the practical use and financial viability of innovative “standardised baselines” and new approaches to bundle small scale CDM projects

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Comprehensive Programme on Spatial Planning and Low Carbon Development in Papua 3.4 5.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry Strengthened spatial and development plans and government supported actions on low carbon investment which will contribute towards ensuring environmental sustainability (MDG 7) and improved awareness among civil society about LCD and Nepal Market Development Programme 3.1 4.7 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To improve the incomes and growth for poor and disadvantaged people in key sub-sectors within agriculture and other rural Support for Refugees in Kenya (2012-2016) 3.0 4.6 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General To provide essential humanitarian assistance for refugees in Kenya by ensuring improved access to clean water, sanitation, nutrition, health and protection services (e.g. police, secure accommodation for unaccompanied minors and victims of gender based violence) and sustainable climate change interventions. This will help save lives, relieve suffering, and maintain the dignity of refugees in Kenya in a sustainable way. Climate Resilient Agriculture in Africa 2.9 4.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Improved knowledge, policies and longer-term incentives to drive increased uptake of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) in Eastern and Southern Africa member states. Future Proofing African Cities for Sustainable 2.7 4.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General The UK’s £4.915 million will fund a project to support at least 8 cities in Africa to become future proofed to climate, environment and natural resource challenges, so that they are inclusive and resilient, and have growing economies. It will help make cities work for the urban poor. It will conduct an in depth feasibility and scoping study and develop innovative tools to enable rapidly growing African cities to realise their potential as centres of growth and job creation; use research and evidence to develop targeted urban action plans; and will deliver research new research to fill data and evidence gaps to maximise sustainable

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Northern Transforming the Economy through Climate Smart Agribusiness (NU-TEC) 2.5 3.8 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Agriculture To increase the resilience to climate change of poor farmers in Northern Uganda, and to increase their incomes. This will be achieved by working with agricultural businesses to supply farmers with cheaper, better and more varied agricultural inputs and services, and to create stronger markets for farmer produce. This will benefit 250,000 households in Northern Uganda, who will adopt new practices, products and markets that will make them more resilient to climate change, while 150,000 households will see measurable increases to income. This will contribute to the MDGs (and their successor targets) by reducing poverty in AGMIP – Agricultural Model Inter-Comparison and 2.3 3.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To improve substantially the characterization of risk of hunger and world food security due to climate change and to enhance adaptive capacity in developing regions.DFID will fund the Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia regional projects of a global initiative to improve crop and agricultural economic models to provide substantially improved assessments of climate impacts on the agricultural sector. The regional projects will improve the reliability and accessibility of assessments of impacts of climate change on agriculture in SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA and S.Asia and improved identification of potential adaptation strategies. Reducing Maternal and Newborn Deaths in Kenya 2.2 3.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To avert 4,000 maternal deaths and 5,500 neonatal deaths through nationwide life saving skills training for health professionals, and integrated health system strengthening in Chars Livelihoods Programme 2 2.2 3.4 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To improve the food security, livelihoods and incomes of extremely poor people living on the Riverine Char Islands of Nepal Climate Change Support Programme 2.1 3.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To build capacity of the Government of Nepal to develop, cost, budget and implement adaptation measures at the local level aimed at mainstreaming climate change in key development sectors (agriculture, forestry, water and energy), including through public private partnerships.
Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Kenya Health Programme 2.0 3.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Health, general Support the Kenya Ministry of Health (MoH) and implementing partners to strengthen capacity for service delivery support Africa Division funding to the African Agriculture 1.7 2.6 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To evaluate and improve AgDevCo’s facility to leverage private sector investment in Africa agribusiness and agricultural infrastructure and stimulate cross border trade in targeted countries, which will generate jobs and income for smallholder farmers and women. The evaluation is also to ensure accountability, demonstrate how funds are spent, and ensure value for money of DFID investments in AgDevCo by 2020.To support poverty reduction and increased food security through catalysing additional private sector investment in agribusiness and agricultural infrastructure and increasing agricultural cross border trade in targeted countries, generating jobs and income Accountability in Tanzania Programme (ACT) 1.7 2.6 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To increase the accountability and responsiveness of government to its citizens through a strengthened civil society. Green Mini-Grids Africa Regional Facility for Market Preparation, Evidence and Policy 1.7 2.6 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Heating, cooling The Green Mini-Grids regional facility will improve policy, evidence and market conditions to increase investment in green

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, WISER – Weather and climate Information and 1.6 2.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General WISER will help at least 24 million people across Africa (focusing initially on East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi) to be more resilient to natural disasters and climate change by 2030 by improving early warning systems (giving more time to prepare for heavy rains for example) as well as helping them make better decisions by knowing what the weather and climate is likely to be (enabling them to make better crop choices or alter planting times in farming, for example). We estimate that this will save over £190 million in terms of avoided damage to health, homes, livelihoods and infrastructure between now and 2030. The WISER programme will initially benefit the East African fishing and farming communities, as well as a wide range of African people, including young, old, men and boys and Philippines Reconstruction Programme 1.5 2.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Enhanced resilience of vulnerable people to respond to, and recover from, exisiting climate variability and the impacts of New Climate Economy Phase 2 1.5 2.3 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Government Phase II of the New Climate Economy will build on the success of the report launched in September 2014 by focusing on engagement with key decision-makers in priority countries; catalysing action on a small number of targeted opportunities for change; and developing and communicating a new report that focuses on supporting global growth and poverty reduction while reducing carbon emissions through international collaboration. Support to South Sudanese Refugees in Kenya 1.5 2.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To support the provision of humanitarian assistance in order to save lives, avert suffering and maintain dignity of refugees who came to Kenya because of the crisis in South Sudan. Low Carbon Support to the Ministry of Finance 1.5 2.2 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Government Supportive environment for low carbon investment established

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Sustainable Crop Production Research for International Development (SCPRID) 1.4 2.2 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture The purpose of the project is to develop new science and technology to support the development of new crop varieties with more resistance to disease and pests and less vulnerable to Climate Change Programme – Jolobayoo-O-Jibon 1.4 2.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Climate change adaptation and risk reduction measures to protect and improve the lives and livelihoods of 15 million poor and vulnerable people by 2017. Strategic Climate Institutions Programme 1.4 2.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To build organisational and institutional capacity within Ethiopian Government, civil society and the private sector to 1) increase resilience of vulnerable people to current climate variability, 2) adapt to future climate change and 3) benefit from the opportunities for low carbon growth. This helps Ethiopia to meet its MDGs in a sustainable way, developing a Climate Resilient Achieving Water Security in the Southern 1.4 2.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To ensure economic growth and poverty eradication resulting from investment in agriculture is sustainable in the context of Results, Evidence and Knowledge from the 1.3 2.0 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General The purpose of the programme is to provide the evidence and learning to increase the effectiveness and measure the impact of the UK’s international climate funding. Climatescope – Clean Energy Investment Index 1.3 2.0 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General To increase private investment in renewable energy projects in poorer countries by providing investors with concrete policy and financial information. Renewable energy is a cheaper solution than fossil fuels in many developing countries and by increasing the amount of renewable energy in developing countries this will encourage growth and allow businesses to prosper. Research Programme Consortium on Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA) 1.3 2.0 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture The LANSA programme makes a significant contribution to DFID’s plans to scale up our engagement in nutrition. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Forestry, Land-use and Governance in Indonesia 1.3 2.0 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation in Indonesia as part of the UK’s efforts to avoid catastrophic climate change that would hit the very poorest first and set back global I2I – Innovative support for climate research – testing new, innovative approaches to address climate and environment development challenges 1.1 1.7 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To develop and test new, innovative approaches to support research that addresses the needs of those without access to clean energy access, clean water and appropriate sanitation, or solutions to support adaptation to environmental changes.
This includes testing the use of results-based financing, such as innovative prizes, and peer to peer financing, such as crowdfunding. The goal is to provide improved access to energy and water services for 12 million people through innovative, affordable technologies and business models for poor African Risk Capacity (ARC) 1.1 1.7 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster To support a parametric (index-based) weather risk insurance pool that will provide participating African countries with predictable, quick-disbursing funds with which to implement pre- defined contingency response plans in the case of a drought. Improving governance of Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry in Indonesia 1.1 1.7 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To improve governance of land use, land use change and Support for priority actions to operationalise the Implementation Plan for Development Resilient to Climate Change in the Caribbean 1.0 1.6 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To increase climate adaptation measures for the vulnerable poor in the CaribbeanTo increase regional, national and local climate adaptation measures for the vulnerable poor in the Caribbea. Care Adaptation Learning Programme 1.0 1.6 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture Community based adaptation approaches for vulnerable communities incorporated into development policies and programmes in Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique and Niger with plans to replicate across Africa. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Core Support to St Helena Capital Programme 1.0 1.6 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy The purpose of the project is to enable St Helena Government to implement its Capital Programme effectively delivering the majority of priority, high value infrastructure projects. Dar Es Salaam Port Improvement Programme 1.0 1.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Transport and To increase Tanzania’s trade competiveness by providing the Port of Dar es Salaam with essential infrastructure and efficiency enhancements. This will benefit Tanzania and neighbouring countries through improved market access. This will contribute towards our G8 commitment to cut bureaucracy at international borders by reducing port dwell time from 9 to 5 days by 2017. Rural Access Programme 3 1.0 1.5 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To improve road access for 800,000 members of rural communities in the Western Region of Nepal, thereby improving economic opportunities and increasing access to markets and social services throughout the year. The project will lift 20,000 people out of poverty through access to work, skill trainings, and will promote equal opportunities for women. The project aims to contribute towards sustainable poverty reduction through investments in high value crops and will lay the foundations for private sector led development in the poorest region in the Support for Energy Sector Analysis that influences 1.0 1.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Energy Develping countries have adopted pro-poor low carbon development pathways in line with trajectories for a 2 degree

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, PMEH – Pollution Management & Environmental 1.0 1.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Research programme focusing on pollution and reducing its harmful impacts on poor people. DFID funding will improve the current level of knowledge on the links between pollution, human health and livelihoods and associated economic impacts in developing countries. The research will contribute to the development of innovative environmental remediation techniques and technological solutions to reduce levels of air, water and soil pollution in developing countries and mitigate impacts on public Kenya – Strengthening Regional Economic 1.0 1.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Transport and To improve the pace of infrastructure development and enhance regional trade competitiveness, by delivering improvement to the managerial capacity and physical layout for cargo handling at the Port of Mombasa, and improved regulatory framework for trade. This will contribute to increased exports and regional trade in East Africa benefitting the regional population. Strengthening Health Facilities in the Caribbean 1.0 1.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To provide safer, greener health facilities in Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines to deliver care in disasters, generate operational savings and reduce disaster losses. African Agriculture Technology (AATF) Phase III 0.9 1.4 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture The expected impact of support to the proposed intervention is increased productivity of small-holder farmers in Sub-Saharan This impact will be achieved through two a. Increased access/availability of appropriate agricultural technologies for small-holder farmers in targeted countries in b. A financially sustainable organisation/mechanism that is responsive to the needs of small-holder farmers in ensuring that market failures in the development and adoption of appropriate agricultural technologies continue to be

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Development of Geothermal Energy in Montserrat 0.9 1.4 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy To support the development of geothermal energy in Montserrat, by undertaking the exploratory drilling and testing of 3 UK Support to Increase Resilience to Natural 0.9 1.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster UK support will build resilience in Nepal by strengthening national systems for disaster risk management and response, increasing community-based earthquake readiness and improving preparedness for a national and international emergency Transparency and Right to Information 0.8 1.2 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To increase transparency and accountability in Bangladesh by improving systems for management and proactive publication of official information that is relevant and accessible, timely and accurate, and by enabling state reformers, businesses and social activists to hold officials and decision makers answerable for their actions across a range of services including health, education, local government, climate finance and land administration. Creation of the National Fund for Climate & 0.7 1.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To help the Government of Rwanda achieve low carbon, climate resilient growth by providing technical assistance to help them manage FONERWA – a national fund for environment and climate change. This will help build national capacity for managing the fund by September 2015 and ensure that contributions to the fund are well-spent.
Strategic Climate Change Policy Fund 0.7 1.0 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General The purpose of the project is to enable the Government of South Africa to prioritise cost effective and beneficial climate-change mitigation policy measures and interventions that contribute to and support the country’s positive deviation from the Green House Gas emission “business as usual trajectory”. The purpose of the project is to enable the Government of South Africa to prioritise cost effective and beneficial climate-change mitigation policy measures and interventions that contribute to and support the country’s positive deviation from the Green House Gas emission “business as usual trajectory”. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Multi-Stakeholder Forestry Programme – Nepal 0.6 0.9 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Nepal’s forestry sector contributing to inclusive economic growth, poverty reduction and tackling climate change. Strengthening knowledge and tools for climate 0.6 0.9 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To help people adapt to the impacts of climate by strengthening knowledge on what works best, and to use this knowledge to develop new adaptation programmes and maximise the effectiveness of the UK’s International Climate Fund (ICF) and its investments to help over 25 million people in developing countries cope with the impacts of climate change by 2015. Investments in Forests and Sustainable Land Use 0.5 0.8 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry To support public-private partnerships that demonstrate how companies, communities, smallholders and governments can work collaboratively to reduce deforestation and benefit forest CCMCC Promoting cooperation and avoiding conflict in managing the impacts of climate 0.5 0.8 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General The aim of this project is to maximise benefits to poor people from international climate change finance. It will do this by generating evidence on the links between climate change and its impacts, and the likelihood of such impacts leading to either conflict or collaboration between and within communiteis. It will help find ways for policies and programmes to foster collaborative rather than conflictual approaches to managing the impacts of climate change at local, national and global levels. Strengthening Emergency Preparedness and 0.5 0.7 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To enhance Kenya Red Cross’ capacity to prepare and respond to disaster’s, through providing a timely and effective response to small and medium disasters; ensuring overall response effectiveness is improved; maintaining the dignity of people affected by disasters in Kenya by providing direct support to over 3,400 men, women and children per year. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Initial Design of the Climate Public Private 0.4 0.7 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General CP3 aims to demonstrate that climate friendly investments in developing countries, including in renewable energy, water, energy efficiency and forestry are not only ethically right but also commercially viable. It aims to attract new forms of finance such as pension funds and sovereign wealth funds into these areas by creating two commercial private equity funds of funds which will invest in subfunds and projects in developing countries, creating track records of investment performance which should in turn encourage further investments and accelerate the growth of Multi-Year Humanitarian Support to Afghanistan 0.3 0.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Disaster To provide support to the most vulnerable groups in Afghanistan to have access to timely, appropriate and cost-effective humanitarian aid, and have fewer life-critical needs. CONGO – Improving Livelihoods and Land Use in 0.3 0.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry To improve the the livelihoods of forest dependent communities and reduce deforestation in the Congo Basin by providing support to forest zoning, independent forest monitoring, civil society advocacy and the strengthening of legal frameworks for community forestry, as well as direct investments in community forest enterprises. The programme is expected to benefit 2.4 million beneficiaries (direct and indirect). The programme will also have a demonstration effect, building a body of evidence on Community Forestry in the Congo Basin. Tanzania Climate Change Institutional 0.3 0.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To improve Tanzania’s access to climate finance and use it effectively to support climate change resilience and low carbon sustainable growth by securing international climate change funds both from multilaterals and bilaterals and by assessing targets annually which have been set in the National Climate

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Adaptation for Smallholder Agricultural 0.3 0.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Agriculture To provide knowledge and best practices to help over 6 million smallholder farmers in up to 43 countries adapt to climate change. Grants will be made build small scale water- harvesting, water storage and irrigation systems for farmers; provide farmers with improved seeds that are drought tolerant; help farmers access markets to sell their crops; to plant trees on farms and introduce soil and water conservation practices; and, enable farmers to access daily and seasonal weather forecasts (e.g. using text messages) so they know when best to plant and Kenya Devolution Support Programme 0.2 0.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General The Kenyan Constitution, adopted by referendum in 2010, introduced far reaching devolution to 47 newly-established counties. Hopes are high that devolution will improve accountability and service delivery and contribute to poverty reduction. The purpose of this programme is to build and improve public services for Kenyan citizens, particularly focusing at the county level where poverty exists and where public service delivery is poor. The programme will improve the ability of county governments to better plan, deliver and monitor the delivery of public services. This includes working with county governments to strengthen public financial management systems (e.g. improving accounting, audit and procurement systems) to ensure that public money is effectively spent and can be accounted for. It also includes a focus on critical services for example health. The programme will help county governments to improve planning and allocation of budgets for health services Green Mini-Grids Kenya 0.2 0.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Energy Support for project preparation and leveraging of private investment in Green Mini-Grids (GMGs) in Kenya.
Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Building Urban Resilience to Climate Change in 0.2 0.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To build urban resilience to current climate variability and future climate change in Tanzania’s cities and towns through improved data and evidence, urban planning, and infrastructure provision for sustainable economic growth and development. Renewable Energy and Adaptation Climate Technologies (Africa Climate Change Challenge 0.2 0.3 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Heating, To stimulate private sector investment in developing low cost, clean energy and climate change technologies and services, such as solar power, biomass energy, irrigation and crop insurance products for small holder farmers. Every business supported by REACT must demonstrate a positive impact on the rural poor through increased incomes, employment and productivity or by reducing costs. By 2015 REACT will have provided an additional 200,000 people with access to cheaper, Adapt Environmental and Climate Resilience in 0.2 0.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To increase understanding and integration of climate resilience and environmental management into delivery, plans and policy Rapid Response Facility on Climate Change 0.2 0.3 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General To influence climate change policy in Indonesia by providing technical expertise to a range of government and non- government partners who are directly responsible or play a role in shaping policies and practices to help Indonesia meet its Low Carbon Studies – research projects to support the development of the International 0.1 0.2 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy This knowledge work will ensure the preparation of evidence based business cases and maximise results from low carbon ICF Bringing Energy to Off-Grid Households and Businesses (BRILHO) in Mozambique 0.1 0.2 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To increase domestic and business energy access through private sector innovation and investment, and government support, through supply of dispersed off-grid energy solutions

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Assisting Public Institutions and Markets to Become Resilient to Effects of Climate Change in 0.1 0.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To enable the poorest and most vulnerable in Tanzanian society to become more resilient to climate change and to benefit from low carbon growth through the strengthening of the United Republic of Tanzania Public sector institutions to implement the national climate change strategy and adaptation plans. The programme will also support relevant sector Ministries to implement their sector resilience plans; support to building the capacity of the Tanzania Meteorological Agency to provide meteorological data management and providing efficient services to its customers; and seek to develop sustainable private sector This programme is a central element of the UK International Climate Fund portfolio in Tanzania and will help maximise the return from the wider investments. Climate Science to Reduce Disasters and 0.1 0.2 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General a regional partnership in South Asia among the research community, its funders, and users foster a more coordinated and interactive climate research environment that supports good Renewable Energy from Forests in the Miombo 0.1 0.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General The programme will support livelihoods and build resilience to climate chnage in East and Southern Africa through improved management of the Miombo woodlands. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Results Based Financing for Low Carbon Energy 0.1 0.2 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Heating, To increase access to clean energy through the creation of an expanding market of green mini-grid installations in Africa serving rural villages unconnected to the main grid. This is expected to benefit around 1.3m people by 2018, while reducing carbon emissions by around 260,000 Tonnes of carbon dioxide, through supported private investment in the installation and operation of over 110 renewably-powered mini-grids (figures to be updated after Business Case completion). Electricity access for lighting, communications and productive uses creates jobs, enables studying at night and enhances public services (such as clinics) and public safety (eg through streetlighting). This project also addresses the post-2015 High Level Panel’s recommendation on a development goal entitled Secure Sustainable Energy, which includes energy access and renewable energyThe Results- Based Financing for Low Carbon Energy Access Programme aims to accelerate access to sustainable energy services in developing countries. The funding generates and tests different forms of Results-Based Financing (RBF) mechanism, which aim to stimulate decentralised energy markets and to leverage private investment to increase access to clean energy products Flexible Fund – supporting businesses to get renewable energy innovations to scale in 0.1 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General Facilitating sustainable development and reducing carbon Water Security For Growth 0.1 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To improve water security in Tanzania contributing to economic development, through better water resource management and climate-sensitive infrastructure investment. Monitoring and Evaluation Support Services- International Climate Fund financing 0.1 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General DFID (and DECC and DEFRA) for International Climate Fund Programmes can demonstrate robust procedures for monitoring and evaluating value for money across its development

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Health and Climate Change 0.1 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General Building resilience and preparedness of public health care systems in Southern Africa to climate change by investing in critical vulnerability assessment, research and evidence on the links between climate change and health, the preparedness and options for response by health care systems.
Increasing renewable energy and energy efficiency 0.1 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To increase the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency measures and to improve energy security in the Eastern United Nations Secretary General’s Action Agenda on Climate Change-Support in 2012-2014 0.1 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General Climate Change Support Team delivers its planned workplan and outputs help the Secretary General in making the political space and the essential case for countries to support a Global Legal Combating Infectious Diseases of 0.0 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture TO SUPPORT BASIC AND STRATEGIC BIOLOGICAL AND Sustainable Urban Economic Development 0.0 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To promote sustainable economic development that is inclusive of Kenya’s urban and peri-urban poor by increasing private and public-private investment in climate resilient urban planning and infrastructure. The programme aims to reduce dependency on climate-sensitive livelihoods – incomes that are most vulnerable to climate change – and to support the diversification of jobs towards rural non-farm economies. Energy Security and Resource Efficiency in 0.0 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To support Somaliland in diversifying its energy mix, enhancing resilience and facilitating an enabling institutional and regulatory environment for the expansion of access to electricity. Strengthening International Waters Cooperation, Management and Development in sub-Saharan 0.0 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To strengthen regional water security in Africa for sustainable and climate resilient development. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Caribbean Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects 0.0 0.1 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation General To improve energy security in the Caribbean by providing access to finance for renewable energy and energy efficiency. This will increase the uptake of renewable energy, reduce fuel import bills and lower the cost of energy for households and businesses. African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) Phase 2 of DFID Funding, 2010–2013 0.0 0.0 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture AATF will facilitate public-private partnerships for the transfer, development, production and deployment of agricultural technology. AATF works closely with African farmers, scientists, businesses, NGOs to identify needs of poor farmers and to match these needs with available technologies with the aim of achieving sustainable improvements in agricultural productivity for small holder farmers in Sub Saharan Africa. Delivering climate resilient Water, Sanitation and 0.0 0.0 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Water and The proposed programme will allow us to respond effectively to identified needs and to demonstrate to other funders the types of infrastructural and management interventions that build Degraded Land Mapping for Kalimantan and 0.0 0.0 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting General To make decision makers (in public and private sector) implement policies to support socially equitable oil palm expansion onto low- carbon degraded land and reduce Cooperation in International Waters in Africa 0.0 0.0 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Administrative To strengthen cooperative management and development of international waters within selected basins. Building Resilience Through Asset Creation and Enhancement II – South Sudan (ICF Programme) 0.0 0.0 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting To reduce hunger gaps, improve long-term food security and mitigate conflict among 400,000 rural poor in five states of South Sudan. By working together for food or cash in return for assets, communities will develop and manage their resources against extreme climate damage and shocks. This will contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 13, 15 and 16 to end poverty and hunger; take action on climate; protect life on land and; promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Forest Carbon Partnership Facility-Carbon Fund 45.0 68.7 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry The FCPF-C is a World Bank administered fund that is helping to build long-term reforms in forested countries that ultimately align incentives clearly towards sustainable forest management. Reduction of emissions caused from deforestation and forest degradation – REDD+ early movers 30.4 46.4 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Forestry Supporting Colombia’s Amazon Vision programme through REM which works with forest nations that have shown they are the most committed and ready to implement ambitious programmes Pollution Management and Environmental Health 12.5 19.1 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Biosphere Supporting air quality monitoring and promoting increased action to mitigate air pollution in developing countries. Strategic Technical Assistance – Asian Development Bank Clean Energy Fund 5.0 7.6 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Supporting developing countries to build capacity for making large scale energy efficiency and renewables investments. UK Climate Investments (UKCI) 3.2 4.9 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Joint venture with the UK Green Investment Bank to make equity investments in private sector renewable and energy efficiency projects in developing countries. Renewable Energy Performance Platform (REPP) 2.8 4.3 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Supporting private sector investment in small to medium scale renewable energy projects, primarily in Africa. CP3 – Asia Climate Partners 2.5 3.9 Provided ODA Equity Mitigation Energy An equity investment in a fund that seeks to demonstrate to private sector investors that climate friendly investments in developing countries are financially viable. International 2050 Pathways partnerships 0.8 1.2 Provided ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Working directly with 10 developing country governments to help them build their own version of the UK’s 2050 calculator. The calculator will also be developed to explore global scenarios, illustrating the impacts of these scenarios on climate change. Due dilgence costs for International Climate Fund 0.7 1.1 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Energy Expenditure on external legal advice, evaluation and auditing services to support programme spend through the ICF. Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, Eco.Business Fund 20.0 30.5 Provided ODA Grant Cross cutting Agriculture and Eco.Business fund – The eco.business Fund is structured as a public-private partnership (PPP). The eco.business Fund vision is the preservation and promotion of biodiversity through private enterprises in Latin America and the Caribbean. FCO Prosperity Fund 12.7 19.4 provided ODA Grant Cross-cutting Environmental The Prosperity Fund supports projects to create the political and economic conditions for sustainable global growth and development.
The portion of spend recorded here relates to spend on climate change in the major industrialising countries. Negative ODA flow -7.7 -11.8 Provided ODA Returned money Cross cutting Forestry A number of projects have returned ODA, until this money is respent is counts as negative ODA which we have recorded against the appropriate themes. Negative ODA flow -0.2 -0.4 Provided ODA Returned money Adaptation General A number of projects have returned ODA, until this money is respent is counts as negative ODA which we have recorded against the appropriate themes. Negative ODA flow -1.3 -1.9 Provided ODA Returned money Adaptation Water and A number of projects have returned ODA, until this money is respent is counts as negative ODA which we have recorded against the appropriate themes. Negative ODA flow -1.4 -2.2 Provided ODA Returned money Adaptation General A number of projects have returned ODA, until this money is respent is counts as negative ODA which we have recorded against the appropriate themes. Total contributions through bilateral, regional Monetary figures are rounded to the nearest (£/$)100,000. Provision of public financial contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels 2016 Recipient country/region/project/programme Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Productive Safety Net Programme Phase 4 58.3 78.6 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Other social To reduce hunger, improve livelihoods and reduce the risk of famine in rural Ethiopia by (i) providing cash and food transfers, livelihoods advice and access to microfinance to 1.2 million extremely poor Ethiopians and (ii) creating local infrastructure which reverses environmental degradation and improves access to markets and basic services. 85% of participant households receive transfers as wages for labour on public works projects (including 32,000 km of hillside terraces, 3,000 km of rural roads and 400 new or expanded schools); while the remainder (the elderly, those with disabilities, and pregnant women) receive cash and/or food without a labour requirement. This programme contributes towards national and international development goals and DFID’s own targets for reducing poverty and hunger and for building household resilience to climate change and Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate 30.6 41.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To help up to 10 million people, especially women and children, in developing countries cope with extreme climate and weather events such as droughts, cyclones and floods (climate extremes). This will be achieved by doing three things. By making grants to civil society organisations to scale up proven technologies and practices in the Sahel, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that help people withstand, and more quickly recover, from climate extremes. By identifying the best ways of doing this, and share this knowledge globally to increase the programme’s overall impact. By supporting national governments to strengthen their policies and actions to respond to climate extremes. These will all contribute to the Millennium Development Goals on the eradication poverty and hunger, and environmental sustainability, and also respond to the Humanitarian and Emergency Response Review recommendation that DFID should integrate the threat from climate change into a Disaster Risk Reduction. Recipient country/region/project/programme Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Providing Humanitarian Assistance in Sahel 17.9 24.2 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To provide humanitarian assistance to vulnerable people in the Sahel and help them to cope with future disasters, including strengthening early-warning mechanisms and disaster preparedness. This will be linked to the seasonal calendar and work alongside longer-term resilience programmes to reduce the long term demand for humanitarian assistance in the Sahel, and will be delivered through NGO and multilateral partners. Africa Division funding to the African Agriculture 16.8 22.7 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To evaluate and improve AgDevCo’s facility to leverage private sector investment in Africa agribusiness and agricultural infrastructure. This includes increasing clean renewable energy capacity enabling climate change resilience and stimulating cross border trade in targeted countries, which will generate jobs and income for smallholder farmers and women. The evaluation is also to ensure accountability, demonstrate how funds are spent, and ensure value for money of DFID investments in AgDevCo by 2020.To support poverty reduction and increased food security through catalysing additional private sector investment in agribusiness and agricultural infrastructure and increasing agricultural cross border trade in targeted countries, generating jobs and income for smallholders. Building Resilience in the Sahel through Adaptive 15.4 20.8 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Other social Build the evidence and justification for adaptive social protection in the Sahel by establishing national level systems that will build the resilience of vulnerable populations to climate change and can be scaled in a time of crisis. Enhancing resilience in Karamoja Uganda 14.4 19.5 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase the resilience of targeted communities to climate extremes and weather events. The programme will support 700,000 people to cope with the effects of climate change, this 200,000 people with improved food security through participation in public works programmes; 6,000 agro- pastoralists and pastoralists with access to improved animal nutrition; and 175,000 children under five and pregnant and lactating women treated for malnutrition and with improved access to water by March 2017. Recipient country/region/project/programme Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Hunger Safety Net Programme 12.6 17.0 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To reduce poverty, hunger and vulnerability by providing the poorest households in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands with cash transfers including in response to climate shocks such as droughts. This contributes to our MDGs by preventing 720,000 people from becoming poorer and help them to increase their expenditure on food, health, education and wider livelihood Strategic Partnership Arrangement II between 8.5 11.5 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Basic To provide support to BRAC’s development programmes to improve access to quality basic services (health, education, water and sanitation), help the poorest, most marginalised people across the whole of Bangladesh graduate from extreme poverty, support inclusive growth and help build effective formal and informal institutions. Climate finance will be integrated across BRAC’s programmes to strengthen the resilience of BRAC’s investments and the communities they serve.
UK support will helping over 950,000 children (600,000 girls) gain a decent education; providing additional nutritional support to 11 million people (7 million women and girls); helping 5.7 million girls and women gain access to family planning services; providing at least 75,000 people with sustainable access to clean water and sanitation; supporting over 80,000 women to better cope with the effects of climate change; and lifting 240,000 women and their families (over 960,000 people) out of extreme poverty. Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund for 8.0 10.8 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase food availability and incomes of 1–1.5 million target beneficiariesTo increase livelihoods’ resilience and nutrition of 2.5 million peopleTo improve the incomes and nutrition status of over 1.63 million poor people in Burma by promoting resilient livelihoods and food security food security through agricultural commercialisation and climate smart agriculture, financial inclusion, business and skills development, and targeted nutrition support to mothers and children in the ‘One thousand day’ window between conception and a child’s second birthday. Recipient country/region/project/programme Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Improving Rural Access in Tanzania 7.8 10.5 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Transport and To provide support to the local government infrastructure development by improving access to markets by reducing transport costs. This includes building more climate resilient structures to restore access for vulnerable communities, cut off by extreme weather events, and the development of National Guidelines for climate resilient rural roads and structures. This will lead to an increase in rural income to 45,000 households by 2015. This contributes towards MDG by providing agricultural growth and underpinning strong economic development in South Asia Water Governance Programme 6.9 9.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Water and To improve the management of water within and between South Asian countries, reducing poverty by enabling adaptation to climate change and reducing the risk of conflict over water resources. By 2018, 500 million people living in river basins will benefit from improved water management by reducing their risk of exposure to flooding and drought and enhancing regional security by improving cooperation between governments. Multi-Year Humanitarian Programme in Pakistan 6.6 8.9 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General Support for up to three million of the most vulnerable people affected by natural disaster and conflict. This will cover both immediate relief and early recovery interventions for shelter, food, non-food items, water and sanitation, livelihood and protection needs, depending on the emergency, including enhancing resilience of the beneficiary communities to climate extremes such as floods and droughts. This programme will also support developments in the UN and local civil society which are required for humanitarian responses to be more locally owned and effective in future, as well as effective monitoring and evaluation, targeted active research and piloting. Recipient country/region/project/programme Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Building Resilience Through Asset Creation and Enhancement II – South Sudan (ICF Programme) 6.1 8.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Developmental To reduce hunger gaps, improve long-term food security and mitigate conflict among 400,000 rural poor in five states of South Sudan. By working together beneficiaries earn food or cash in return for identifying and building community assets (such as irrigation ponds). This enables communities to develop and manage their resources against extreme climate damage and shocks. This will contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 13, 15 and 16 to end poverty and hunger; take action on climate; protect life on land and; promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development. Climate Proofing Growth and Development in 6.0 8.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Government Integrate climate change into development planning, budgeting and delivery in national and sub-national governments in Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan.This will done by strengthening planning, budgeting, delivery mechanisms, building awareness and capacity of stakeholders through technical and some implementation support. It will help to mobilise domestic and International finance. Sharing lesssons and knowledge in South Asia is a key element of the project. Nepal Local Governance Support Programme 5.4 7.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To improve governance and services at the local level in Nepal, benefitting 2 million households. This includes introducing simple anti-corruption measures (e.g. public audits) and providing the poorest and most excluded with tools to build their confidence to voice demands and hold officials to account. Parts of the programme will also ensure that Local Government’s awareness and capacity on climate change adaptation, disaster resilience and environmentally friendly governance is improved. The Water Security Programme 5.0 6.7 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To increase the resilience of poor people to climate change through secure and sustainable access to water resources. We will work with the Global Water Partnership, World Bank Water Partnership Programme and GIZ International Water Stewardship Programme to support increased investment in the information, institutions and infrastructure required to deliver water security. Recipient country/region/project/programme Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Rural Access Programme 3 4.7 6.3 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation Transport To improve road access for 800,000 members of rural communities in the Western Region of Nepal, thereby improving economic opportunities and increasing access to markets and social services throughout the year. The project will lift 20,000 people out of poverty through access to work, skill trainings, and will promote equal opportunities for women. The project aims to contribute towards sustainable poverty reduction through investments in high value crops and will lay the foundations for private sector led development in the poorest region in the country. At least £6 million will be accounted for as International Climate Fund (ICF) finance, and will focus on scaling up social protection for highly climate-affected people in the Karnali region. Cooperation in International Waters in Africa 4.5 6.1 Provided ODA Grant Adaptation General To Strengthen cooperative management and development of international waters in Sub-Saharan Africa to facilitate sustainable, climate resillent growth.