UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
Emissions in 2017 were compared to emissions in base year, in 1990 and in 2005. The European Union (EU)'s climate strategy for 2020 established the target of a 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) compared to the level of 1990. The overall emissions reduction target is separated into an EU-wide target for large industrial installations, covered by the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and one target for so called non-ETS emissions, covering households, buildings, transport, agriculture, services and smaller industrial installations. Non-ETS emissions are broken down into binding national targets for all of the 28 Member States (MS) by the Effort Sharing Decision. 2005 is used as reference year as it is the first year where a split of ETS and non-ETS emissions data was available. The ETS is supposed to contribute 21% reductions in comparison to 2005 levels, the other sectors 10% reductions in comparison to 2005. Together this will accomplish a cut of 20% of overall emissions compared to 1990 levels.
Figure 13-1: Stages in the transition towards low-carbon development The period of the first binding period of the Kyoto Protocol ended in 2012, emission reports show that the Republic of Croatia will meet the established obligation to reduce emissions by 5% compared to 1990. According to the agreement accepted at the 8th Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol from Doha, Qatar, the Republic of Croatia, together with the European Union, accepted the common goal of reducing emissions by 20%, compared to 1990. The internal goal of the Republic of Croatia within the EU is as follows: 1) sources from the greenhouse gas emission trading system (ETS) have a common European quota, which reduces the emission of this sector at the European level by 21% compared to 2005; 2) for emissions outside the emission trading system (non-ETS), which is the sector of transport, small industry, household and services, agriculture and waste management, the Republic of Croatia has the possibility of increasing emissions by 11% compared to 2005. This Plan provides operational guidelines for achieving emission reduction goals by 2020, and at the same time provides a long-term view of the path to a low-carbon economy and the goals set for the period after 2020. - defining the path for reducing greenhouse gas emissions towards a low-carbon economy, by determining sectoral goals, measures, policies and implementation instruments, enabling the strategy of low-carbon development to become a standard framework for planning in every sector of the economy and social activity, proposing the necessary institutional and organizational prerequisites and responsibilities for planning, implementation and monitoring of implementation, enable synergy and coordination of various sectors of the economy and areas of social development, with the aim of achieving a competitive economy and creating new jobs, - enable development by reducing fossil fuels and energy dependence of the Republic of Croatia, while at the same time improving the quality of life and sustainable use of natural resources in accordance with the principles of green development, - ensure prerequisites for planning and implementation of climate change adaptation measures
This act makes provisions for a range of infrastructure projects and strategies across the country. It notably makes provisions to enable building regulations to provide for off-site carbon abatement measures. Art. 49 focuses on seeking advice on likely impact of onshore petroleum on the carbon budget.&nbsp; Part 2 deals with walking and cycling strategies to be set out by the Secretary of State.
Legislation
Current UK regulations
The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2012 can be viewed on the Parliament website. Previous legislation is available on the National Archives. EU legislation
All the EU legislation and guidance listed below is available on the European commissions website
Directions
This Direction given by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change has been made under section 40 of the Environment Act 1995 regarding the Union Registry
Direction given by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change under section 40 of the Environment Act 1995 PDF, 22.2 KB, 1 page
DECC have published the following sets of directions from Ministers to their appropriate regulators. These directions direct the regulator on calculating small emitter opt-out emission targets and calculating penalties for operating an EU ETS activity without a permit. These directions are required under our new 2012 EU ETS Regulations and came into force on 1 January 2013. The following
Direction given by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change PDF, 20.1 KB, 2 pages has been made under section 40 of the Environment Act 1995 regarding the serving of civil penalty notices under the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2005. The following
Direction given by the Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero PDF, 156 KB, 3 pages has been made under section 40 of the Environment Act 1995 regarding the interpretation of regulation 541 of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2012. Determinations of the EU ETS carbon price
This Determination is made by the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change under regulation 49 of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2012. This Determination is to enable the regulator to calculate a number of civil penalties for non-compliance with the EU ETS in 2014 the 2013 carbon price is set by default in the Regulations.
For the following years, DECC will publish updated values in November each year ahead of the relevant compliance period. Appeal determinations
Previous appeals heard by The Secretary of State and determined under the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2005 can be viewed on the National Archives. EU ETS research and publications
All the publications relevant to the previous phases are available via the National Archives. Phase III
Phase III publications pre 2012 are available on the National Archive. Aviation publications from 2012 onwards will be available on this page shortly. Evidence review of the EU ETS
A literature review by Imperial Consultants considered the evidence on the effectiveness of the EU ETS in driving industrial abatement. This review broadly considered evidence on whether the EU ETS has driven abatement, which elements of the EU ETS drive abatement and how the EU ETS interacts with other policies. The report also identifies evidence gaps and suggests some directions for future research.
In Component A &quot;Resilience and competitiveness of the economy&quot;: Basic changes introduced to the KPO as a result of the consultation process 4. In connection with the preparation of a new law regulating spatial planning, at the request of key social partners, access to post-graduate studies was extended to employees of communes dealing with spatial planning. In addition, the transformation of local plans into integrated investment projects was abandoned.
the Council of 27 September 2001 on the promotion electricity produced from renewable energy sources in internal electricity market () and Directive 2003/30/EC the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 May 20 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other rene able fuels for transport (2) established definitions for diff ent types of energy from renewable sources. Direct 2003/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Cou cil of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for internal market in electricity (3) established definitions the electricity sector in general. In the interests of legal c tainty and clarity it is appropriate to use the same or sit lar definitions in this Directive. The Commission communication of 10 January 20 entitled 'Renewable Energy Roadmap - Renewable en gies in the 21st century: building a more sustainable futu demonstrated that a 20 % target for the overall share energy from renewable sources and a 10% target energy from renewable sources in transport would appropriate and achievable objectives, and that a fram work that includes mandatory targets should provide t business community with the long-term stability it nea to make rational, sustainable investments in the renewal energy sector which are capable of reducing depender on imported fossil fuels and boosting the use of new ener technologies. Those targets exist in the context of the 20 improvement in energy efficiency by 2020 set out in 1 Commission communication of 19 October 2006 entitl 'Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potenti which was endorsed by the European Council of Mar 2007, and by the European Parliament in its resolution 31 January 2008 on that Action Plan. The European Council of March 2007 reaffirmed the Co munity's commitment to the Community-wide develo ment of energy from renewable sources beyond 2010. endorsed a mandatory target of a 20 % share of ener from renewable sources in overall Community energy ce sumption by 2020 and a mandatory 10 % minimum t get to be achieved by all Member States for the share biofuels in transport petrol and diesel consumption 2020, to be introduced in a cost-effective way. It star that the binding character of the biofuel target is approp ate, subject to production being sustainable, secon generation biofuels becoming commercially available a Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of t Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality. normal and di
national, regional and local policies and activities, planning and investment, for delivery between now and 2040, setting a high-level strategy for the coordination of a range of 4.3.3 National Planning Framework
2. In order to obtain authorization for the installation, it will be an essential prerequisite to obtain access and connection permits to the corresponding transmission or distribution networks for the total power of the installation. Procedures related to the administrative registration of electrical energy production facilities Article 37. Registration in the administrative registry of electrical energy production facilities.
The transport sector is the primary consumer of petroleum products, accounting for almost three quarters of final energy consumption, which exerts a strong impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Alternative means of road transport only account for a small proportion of transport emissions. Progress is being made in the use of renewable energy in transport: the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in the transport sector must reach 10% by 2020. This share was 7.7% in 2014.
Figure 2. Electricity production in 2012 share of coal The economy has a high level of CO and other air emissions, ie sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and PM10 and PM2.5 dust. For several years, a strategy to reduce the level of this gas emissions has been observed in the international arena and in the policy pursued by the EU, which results in appropriate legal regulations in this area. It is worth noting here that, in accordance with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol, Poland has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6% by 2012. Until 2009, Poland managed to reduce by 27 points. percent more emissions than the target. The emission was reduced by 186 million tonnes of equivalent. CO, which is a 33% reduction in emissions compared to 1988. At the same time, with such a large reduction in emissions, 33.5% 50.6% 3.3% 10.4% 2% hard coal brown coal natural gas MOZE Source: Study own based on ARE SA other fuels Energy Market Agency SA
• End the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2030; from 2035, all new cars and vans must be zero emission at the tailpipe. • Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers' new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. • Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, subject to consultation.
carbon emissions from all new buildings other than dwellings completed after the 1st January from all new dwellings completed after the 1st November 2019. For buildings other than building and supporting over 350 public bodies and 4,000 schools in achieving these targets.
The UK aims to strengthen efforts in DRC to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and to protect the environment. We are particularly interested in bids that include elements focussing on some or all of the following capacity-building support for procedural development of laws support for evidence-based policy making support for civil society capacity building support for DRCs national parks proof-of-concept projects. We welcome bids for projects of 5,000 - 13,000. How to bid
Applicants are invited to submit a short, one page project proposal and budget in English and send them electronically to dominique.mukomafco.gov.uk and Ange.NangiMawetefco.gov.uk
The deadline for submitting concept bids is 1700 hrs GMT on Friday, 11 October 2019. Selection Criteria
Please consider the below tips when designing your project
Projects should aim to end by December 2019
Payments are made after the completion of project activities. Advance payments are not usually possible. We require monitoring reports, which should include a detailed financial report.
At the end of a project, we require a completion report, including a detailed financial report. Project bids should ensure that the services are designed and implemented in a manner that respects international human rights norms, considers gender impact and is designed and implemented in accordance with the do no harm principle. Duty of care for all staff and participants in the engagement activities shall lie with the Supplier. We are particularly looking for suppliers who can demonstrate
Please Note due to the volume of bids expected, it is unlikely we will be able to provide feedback on unsuccessful bids.
These Regulations implement in the United Kingdom Directive 2016/2284/EU of the European Parliament and the Council relating to national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants, which implements at the EU level obligations under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and its 1999 Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, which was revised in 2012. The Regulations, among other things, require the Secretary of State to prepare an annual inventory of emissions of certain pollutants occurring in the United Kingdom, and projections of such emissions in certain years specified in Schedule 1, to prepare an adjusted inventory of emissions in certain circumstances, and to ensure that specified atmospheric pollution does not exceed certain levels.
We have made progress on key Net Zero Strategy commitments, publishing updates on how environmental land management (ELM) schemes will pay farmers to provide a range of public goods, including actions to reduce GHG emissions. 54 We have also set a legally binding target for tree coverage in England. Our ambitious agriculture measures build on historical progress in reducing emissions. For example, the dairy sector increased milk production by 11% between 2000-2020, with 21% fewer cows and 12% less GHG emissions. We will build on progress in reducing emissions from agriculture and will set out how farmers will be supported to understand their emission sources through carbon audits by 2024 and take further actions to decarbonise their businesses, including through El M. cohomes. We will shortly publish a Government Response to ou adaptation and economic growth. The Independent Review of Net Zero demonstrated that decarbonising land use sectors and sustainably managing natural resources and broader ecosystems can create sizeable economic opportunities. Delivering on these has the potential to leverage growing demand for investment opportunities in natural capital, supporting the market frameworks needed in this emerging area.
14 (1) Provision under paragraph 12 may include provision for a person to pay a monetary penalty (a "non-compliance penalty") to an administrator if the person fails to comply with a non-monetary discretionary requirement imposed on the person. E+W+N.I. (2) Provision under sub-paragraph (1) may- (a) specify the amount of the non-compliance penalty or provide for that amount to be determined in accordance with the regulations, or (b) provide for the amount to be determined by the administrator or in some other way. (3) If the regulations make provision within sub-paragraph (2)(b), they must, in relation to each kind of failure for which a non-compliance penalty may be imposed- (a) specify the maximum penalty that may be imposed for a failure of that kind, or (b) provide for that maximum to be determined in accordance with the regulations. (4) Provision under sub-paragraph (1) must secure that- (a) the non-compliance penalty is imposed by notice served by the administrator, and (b) the person on whom it is imposed may appeal against that notice. (5) Provision pursuant to paragraph (b) of sub-paragraph (4) must secure that the grounds on which a person may appeal against a notice referred to in that sub-paragraph include the following- (a) that the decision to serve the notice was based on an error of fact; (b) that the decision was wrong in law; (c) that the decision was unfair or unreasonable for any reason (including, in a case where the amount of the non-compliance penalty was determined by the administrator, that the amount is unreasonable).
Payments U.K. 18 (1) The regulations may provide that a participant who does not have enough certificates at the end of a trading period to comply with the participant's obligations under the trading scheme must pay an amount specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations within the period so specified. U.K. (2) The regulations may require the payment to be made to- (a) the administrator, or (b) such other person as the regulations may specify. (3) The provision that may be made about the amount of the payment includes, in particular, (a) for the amount to be determined by the administrator or a national authority; (b) in a case where the payment is not made within the period specified in the regulations, for the amount to increase at the rate so specified until payment; (c) for the amount of the payment, or of any amount by reference to which it is to be calculated, to be adjusted from time to time by reference to inflation or some other factor. (4) Provision within sub-paragraph (3)(c) may refer, in particular, to an index or data specified in the regulations (including as modified from time to time after the regulations come into force). (5) If the regulations provide for payments to be made to a person other than a national authority, they must provide for that person to pay the sums received to the national authority or authorities specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations.
The Act concerns local government in Wales. It mainly concerns reform (merger) of local authorities in Wales and amends existing legislative provision in the Local Government (Wales) Measure 2011 and the Local Government (Democracy) (Wales) Act 2013. This Act makes provision for, and in connection with, the merger of two or more existing principal areas into a single new principal area, with a new principal local authority. The Welsh Ministers may direct that— (a) a merging authority must not carry out a restricted activity unless it has considered the opinion of a specified person or persons on the appropriateness of carrying out the activity; (b) a merging authority must not carry out a restricted activity unless the written consent of a specified person or persons has been given for the activity to be carried out. The restricted activities include making a relevant land acquisition or disposal.
The Habitats Directive 9243EEC and the Birds Directive 2009147EC require that sites for certain species and habitat types are protected. These form part of the network of sites known as the Natura 2000 network. Special Areas of Conservation SACs are designated to conserve habitats and species which are of European importance, which are listed in Annex I and Annex II of the Habitats Directive. Special Protection Areas SPAs are classified to protect rare and vulnerable birds and regularly occurring migratory birds of European importance as listed in Annex 1 of the Birds Directive. The Habitats Directive requires that appropriate steps are taken to avoid deterioration of natural habitats and habitats of species and significant disturbance to species on those sites and Article 63 requires Member States to consider the likely effects of proposed plans and projects before agreeing to them.
All plans and projects likely to have a significant effect on the UK Natura 2000 sites must be subject to an appropriate assessment of the implications for that site in view of the conservation objectives set for it. This guidance is designed to assist developers and holders of offshore renewable energy consents and licences to understand how these will be affected by the provisions applying to new marine Natura 2000 sites. It is expected that this guidance will be most relevant for developers and operators who already hold a Development Consent Order DCO under the Planning Act 2008 in England and Wales only or a Section 36 consent under the Electricity Act 1989 across the UK and associated deemed marine licences or marine licences, for renewable energy infrastructure within the marine environment, or are in the process of applying for one. It is also intended to inform others with an interest in such consents and licences. The guidance sets out the views of the Department of Energy and Climate Change, Marine Scotland, the Marine Management Organisation and Natural Resources Wales Marine Licencing Team as the relevant competent authorities for these purposes.