UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
This policy paper is an updated version of the policy paper first published by the 2010-2015 Government. Britains energy network is 17 per cent cheaper in real terms than at the time of privatisation, reliability has improved by over 30 per cent since 2002 and over 16 billion of investment has been made since 2010. Resilient and smart electricity networks are critical to ensuring energy security, as well as achieving our energy and climate change objectives. With rapid increases in low carbon generation capacity, including the first new nuclear stations expected to come online in a generation, timely investment and innovative solutions are vital to strengthening, upgrading and extending our electricity network, ensuring it is fit for purpose and delivers value for consumers through efficient practices. Electricity system assessment of future challenges
Government work and support for electricity networks
The creation, maintenance and operation of electricity networks is a matter for network companies, overseen by the independent regulator, the Office of the Gas and Electricity Markets Ofgem.
The Department of Energy Climate Change DECC is responsible for setting the policy and legislative framework for the networks in Great Britain. Overall aims
Specific objectives for future electricity networks
We will achieve these objectives by
Building a smarter grid
The transition to a low-carbon economy will involve major changes to the way we supply and use energy. Transforming our electricity system is an important part of these changes. Integral to this transformation will be an electricity grid that is fitted with more information and communications technology over time. The result will be a smarter grid that
Smart grid policy in the UK
Building a smarter grid is an incremental process of applying information and communications technologies to the electricity system, enabling more dynamic real time flows of information on the network and more interaction between suppliers and consumers. Smart grids will make a key contribution to UK energy and climate goals. The UK is taking action now and investing in smart grid development and planning for the future
Smart Grid Forum
DECC and Ofgem set up a Smart Grid Forum to
A particular achievement has been the construction in 2012 of a Smart Grid Evaluation Framework, which can help assess the value of smart grid technologies. This uses analysis of likely penetration of low carbon technologies consistent with meeting the 4th Carbon Budget, and will inform network investment decisions. This framework showed that under a number of different scenarios savings could be shown as a result of delayed reinforcement. More information about the Smart Grids Forum.
These Regulations implement Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private project They are concerned with the assessment of the effects of certain public and private developments on the environment and implement the EIA Directive in respect of the new two tier planning system under the Planning (Northern Ireland) Act 2011. The Regulations set out procedures and requirements for EIA to be submitted to a district council or the Department of the Environment. Development to which these Regulations apply include wastewater treatment and groundwater abstraction works.
06.06.2017 The comparative table was handed over (second reading) 03/21/2017 Adopted in the first reading 21.03.2017 Submission of the Committee for review was delivered
The S2 scenario - this scenario is based on the introduction of additional technical measures for road vehicles to improve the efficiency of motors and decrease fuel consumption. This scenario implies an average reduction in the intensity of all types of vehicles by 0.5%, a significant decrease in the share of diesel and petrol vehicles in passenger kilometers at the expense of the increased share of electric vehicles by 25% by 2050, as well as a decrease in the share of passenger vehicles per passenger kilometer and increase of bus transport for approximately 13% by 2050. Another assumption is increase in the share of electric and the decrease in diesel locomotives by 10% by 2050. Improvement of the quality of fuel is assumed, as well as improvement of the road infrastructure. Reduction in the volume of ton/k is assumed in the area of freight transport and the increase in rail ones for about 12% by 2050. An important element of this scenario is the reduction of the average age of road vehicles to 12 years by 2025. The main objective of this scenario is to reduce the emission coefficient from 185g of CO/km in the base year to 150 g of C0/km in 2025, with a further reduction to 130g of C0/km by 2040. In addition, the introduction, implementation and enforcement of EU directives in the field of transport by 2025 are also assumed.
7 (1) The regulations may enable participants to offset the carrying on of the activities in a trading period by acquiring credits representing- U.K. (a) a reduction in an amount of greenhouse gas emissions, or (b) the removal of an amount of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. (2) Regulations that make provision under this paragraph for a trading period must set a limit on the total amount of the activities for the period. (3) If the regulations also provide for the allocation of allowances for the period, they must- (a) set a limit on the total amount of the allowances to be allocated for the period, and (b) require each participant to acquire enough credits to offset any activities carried on by the participant in the period in excess of those for which the participant has or has acquired allowances. (4) Otherwise, such regulations must- (a) set a limit on the amount of the activities that each participant may carry on in the period, and (b) require each participant to acquire enough credits to offset any activities carried on by the participant in the period in excess of that limit. (5) The regulations must specify- (a) the descriptions of credits that may be used for offsetting a participant's activities, (b) the value of different descriptions of credit as regards the amount of the activities they are treated as offsetting, and (c) the circumstances in which credits of any description may be used for the purposes of the trading scheme. (6) The regulations- (a) must contain provision for ensuring that credits used to offset activities under a trading scheme cannot be used by the participant for any other purpose; (b) may enable credits to be cancelled by a person by whom they are held instead of being used for that purpose.
14 (1) In Schedule 1 to the Superannuation Act 1972 (c. 11) (kinds of employment to which section 1 of that Act applies), in the list of other bodies, at the appropriate place insert- " The Committee on Climate Change. " U.K. (2) The Committee must pay to the Minister for the Civil Service, at such times as the Minister may direct, such sums as the Minister may determine in respect of any increase attributable to sub-paragraph (1) in the sums payable out of money provided by Parliament under the Superannuation Act 1972.
To reduce environmental pollution, combat climate change, and increase competitiveness, renewable energy will be further developed. The goal is to reach a 30% share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the final energy consumption by 2020. In the next three years, the installed power of wind energy will increase by 50%, and that of solar twice. It is planned that by 2030 RES installed power will be 2.5 times what it is now, and almost half (45%) of the consumed energy should be manufactured from renewable sources; by 2050 energy from renewable and other non-polluting sources will comprise the majority of energy used in the electricity, heating, and transport sectors (80%). By 2050, all electricity - and all heating in the district heating sector - should be produced from RES, while in the transportation sector RES energy will amount to 50%.
This Order varies Parts II and III of schedule 5 of the Agricultural Holdings (Scotland) Act 1991. Schedule 5 of the 1991 Act lists the types of improvements that tenants of 1991 Act tenancies, short limited duration tenancies, limited duration tenancies and modern limited duration tenancies may claim compensation for. These changes update schedule 5 of the 1991 Act in accordance with modern farming practices.
At the European Council of October 2014 the EU Member States agreed to adopt a new climate and energy framework for 2030, including EU-wide targets of at least: 40% greenhouse gas emission reduction compared with 1990; 27% renewable energy: • 27% energy efficiency (indicative), including an evaluation of whether this should rise to 30%. The European Commission will shortly be bringing forward legislative proposals which will include these targets and which must be converted into national policy.
The UKs nuclear energy programme, dating from the post-war years, has left a challenging decommissioning legacy to the country numerous prototype reactors, fuel-manufacturing plants, research centres, reprocessing plants and 11 power stations. The Sellafield site in west Cumbria houses more than 200 nuclear facilities and 1,000 buildings, making it one of the worlds most complex environmental decommissioning challenges. Across the UK many never-done-before decommissioning projects will need to be completed. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority NDA was established under the Energy Act 2004 to ensure that the UKs nuclear legacy sites are decommissioned and cleaned up safely, securely, cost-effectively and in ways that protect people and the environment. This document provides a high-level overview of the processes and associated technologies used or planned to be used to deliver our mission and the organisations responsible for their development and implementation.
It is based upon NDA estate information available up to the end of August 2016. It is aimed at a technical audience e.g. experience in Science, Technology, Engineering or Mathematics who have a general understanding of the challenges associated with decommissioning nuclear facilities. It is designed to provide the technical community, both academic and industrial, with information regarding the approaches and technologies being developed and adopted. It also highlights opportunities that the NDA estate have identified for developing improved technical solutions to their wide range of challenging technical issues. Future versions of this document will include any changes to the Technical Baseline and highlight the impact of RD on the delivery of the NDAs mission. If you have any feedback on the current Technical Baseline or the report itself, please send it to researchnda.gov.uk
Staff U.K. 11 (1) The Committee must appoint a person to be chief executive, but may only appoint a person who has been approved by the national authorities. U.K. (2) The chief executive is an employee of the Committee. 12 U.K. The Committee may appoint other employees. 13 U.K. The Committee must, if required to do so by the national authorities- (a) pay such pensions, gratuities or allowances as the national authorities may determine to or in respect of any employee or former employee, or (b) pay such sums as the national authorities may determine towards provision for the payment of pensions, gratuities or allowances to or in respect of any employee or former employee. 14 (1) In Schedule 1 to the Superannuation Act 1972 (c. 11) (kinds of employment to which section 1 of that Act applies), in the list of other bodies, at the appropriate place insert- " The Committee on Climate Change. " U.K. (2) The Committee must pay to the Minister for the Civil Service, at such times as the Minister may direct, such sums as the Minister may determine in respect of any increase attributable to sub-paragraph (1) in the sums payable out of money provided by Parliament under the Superannuation Act 1972.
The Regulations make amendments to the Landfill Tax Regulations 1996 in order to make changes to the operation of the Landfill Communities Fund (the ‘LCF’). These Regulations, first, reduce the maximum amount of credit that a registered person may receive in respect of LCF contributions in any contribution year. Secondly, the Regulations prevent registered persons making payments to approved bodies on condition that the sums paid may only be invested in order to generate interest. Thirdly, these Regulations preclude approved bodies from providing financial and other services to other such bodies. The Regulations also amend the requirements on approved bodies to retain records made in the course of the operation of the LCF.
9.3 Public Awareness and Citizen Engagement For Ireland to transition to a net zero and climate neutral economy by no later than 2050, Under HCI Pillar 1 (Full-Time Graduate Conversion Courses) there are currently 22
1. Revich B.A., Maleev V.V. Climate warming - possible consequences for human health// Climate change: view from Russia / Edited by. V.I. Danilov-Danilyan. - M.: TEIS, 2003.-p.99-137 2. World Health Report 2002: Reducing the Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. - Geneva, 2003. 3. Workshop materials "Climate change and human health in XXI century in Russia" 5-6 April 2004.
2.3 Norway - a low-emission society in 2050 Describing the future is always an exercise in uncertainty, regardless of whether we are looking five, ten or fifty years ahead. Descriptions of the future are always based on circumstances at the time when they are made. It is now 30 years till we reach 2050. With such a long time horizon, it is not possible to give a correct or complete picture of what Norwegian society will be like. Even assuming that the world as a whole and Norway have achieved their climate targets by 2050, and that Norway has become a low-emission society, it is uncertain how the remaining emissions will be split between sectors and which technologies will have been successful. There are many other factors not related to the climate policy framework that will also play a part in determining what a low-emission society is like in 2050. These add to the level of uncertainty of descriptions of a low-emission future for the world as a whole and for Norway. Norway's transition to a low-emission society will be dependent on a similar shift globally if it is to maintain its ability to make full, effective use of labour and other resources and achieve its climate and environmental policy goals. If global emissions in the years ahead do not approach a pathway consistent with achieving the long-term temperature target of the Paris Agreement, the development of low-emission technologies could be slow. This would result in high costs for reducing emissions in Norway, and make it more difficult to achieve Norway's climate targets. At the same time, it would become more urgent to adapt to the effects of a changing climate, such as extreme weather events and flooding, and the costs of doing so will rise. However, if global emissions are in line with the long-term temperature target of the Paris Agreement, emissions in Norway will also be low in all sectors. Considering the uncertainties ahead, the Climate Change Act describes a low-emission society as 'one where greenhouse gas emissions, on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge, global emission trends and national circumstances, have been reduced in order to avert adverse impacts of global warming' as described in the Paris Agreement. The effect of Norway's participation in the EU ETS is to be taken into account in assessing progress towards this target.
This way of recalculating emissions is allowed according to the provisions of the LRTAP Convention, however, it can lead to a difference in relation to the previous budget, and thus a positive or negative deviation from the total emission quota determined by the same. A recalculation based on new data and emission factors was made in 2006 for the period from 1990 to 2004 and it turned out that the emissions were more than the total emission quota, which was reported in the report on the inventory of emissions of pollutants. It should be emphasized that the potential non-compliance with the total emission quota is not a consequence of an increase in the number of animals or changes in the method of manure management that would lead to an increase in NH emissions. On the contrary, the number of animals, as the main cause of NH emissions, has continuously decreased in the period from 1990 to the present day, which is evident from the emissions trend (table 3-1). In the Program for the gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants in the Republic of Croatia for the period up to the end of 2010, the Republic of Croatia defined the existing and additional measures that should be taken in order to reduce NH emissions, with emission projections for the period from 2010 to 2020. in a cost-effective way. Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2012, State Statistical Office of the Republic of Croatia
Projects in West Midlands, Tees Valley, North West, Humber, Scotland and South Wales won GBP 8 million share in government backing to develop ways to cut carbon emissions from major industrial areas. The new funding is the latest phase of the government’s GBP 170 million Industrial Decarbonisation Challenge, which has the potential to create 10 000 green jobs. The UK aims to create 4 low-carbon industrial hubs by 2030 and at least one net zero emission cluster by 2040.
In order to support vulnerable households from the impacts of the global energy crisis, the UK Government is providing an extra GBP 500 million of local support, via the Household Support Fund, which will be extended from April 2022 to end September 2022.The Household Support Fund, which helps those in most need with payments towards the rising cost of food, energy, and water bills, is administered by local councils in England.
Hungary’s mitigation actions, as member state of the European Union, are determined to a great extent by the policies and regulations of the EU. 2050 EU climate target The EU’s long-term climate objective is to reach climate neutrality by 2050. This target was adopted by the European Council in December 2019, forms a part of the EU long-term strategy submitted for the UNFCCC, and is legally binding due to the adaptation of (EU) 2021/1119 Regulation (‘European Climate Law’).
(a) the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption in 2020, calculated in accordance with Articles 7 and 15 to 18, corresponds to at least 13% as provided for in the third column of Part A of the Annex; ( b) the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport must represent at least 10% of the final energy consumption in transport in 2020. (2) The Cabinet, on the proposal of the Minister, shall take measures which are actually designed to ensure that the Enviriar from behind TOUTO Rai TO p
C.1.2.5 Coal . Urge to all Parties to immediately end support for new unabated coal power generation projects as required to keep a limit of 1.5°C temperature rise within reach. · Agreement to accelerate the global phase-out of unabated coal power generation by 2040 in a just manner.
These Regulations amend, amongst others: the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994 in respect of the definition of “European site”; the Town and Country Planning (Modification and Discharge of Planning Obligations) (Scotland) Regulations 2010 to remove regulation 7(3); the Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 so as to introduce a new definition of “environmental impact assessment” and with respect to the process of consideration of applications; the Town and Country Planning (Appeals) (Scotland) Regulations 2013 concerning an appeal under section 47(2) of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 in respect of an application for multi-stage consent relating to EIA.
project context or within an area setting. of ecosystem services, especially for recreation, health and biodiversity. Municipalities a support for the conversion to a natural
The Republic of Croatia has fulfilled its obligations under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5% over the period 2008-2012 compared to 1990. By joining the EU, the Republic of Croatia has taken on a common European goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % by 2020 compared to 1990. By the Paris Accords, the EU committed itself to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 % compared to 1990, by 2030.
These Regulations make amendments to primary and secondary legislation in the field of environmental protection, freshwater pollution, waste management, animal and plant health, food safety and sea fishing. The amendments concern, among other things, references to EU legislation, amends the definition of “environmental licence” in section 56(1) of the Environment Act 1995, as it applies in England and Wales in relation to the Environment Agency and the Natural Resources Body for Wales, to amend a reference to the EU Waste Framework Directive in consequence of amendments to that Directive.
Dutch civil aviation policy. Measures of the four-pillar strategy for sustainable aviation the EU decided to continue the'stop-the-clock' policy until 31 December 2023, i.e. after Marine shipping
&gt; According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Turkey is located in the Mediterranean Basin, which is among the regions that will be most affected by the negative effects of climate change. Turkey&#39;s national vision on climate change; integrated climate change policies with development policies; expanded energy efficiency; increased the use of clean and renewable energy sources; is to become a country that actively participates in the fight against climate change within the framework of its special conditions and can offer high quality of life and welfare to all its citizens with low carbon intensity. Basic Principles
Alteration of budgets or budgetary periods U.K. 21 Alteration of carbon budgets U.K. (1) An order setting the carbon budget for a period may not be revoked after the date by which a budget for the period was required to be set. (2) An order setting the carbon budget for a period may be amended after the date by which a budget for the period was required to be set only if it appears to the Secretary of State that, since the budget was originally set (or previously altered), there have been significant changes affecting the basis on which the previous decision was made. (3) An order setting the carbon budget for a period may be amended after the period has begun only if it appears to the Secretary of State that there have been such changes since the period began. (4) An order setting the carbon budget for a period may not be amended after the period has ended. (5) An order revoking or amending an order setting a carbon budget is subject to affirmative resolution procedure. 22 Consultation on alteration of carbon budgets U.K. (1) Before laying before Parliament a draft of a statutory instrument containing an order under section 21 (alteration of carbon budgets), the Secretary of State must- (a) obtain, and take into account, the advice of the Committee on Climate Change, and (b) take into account any representations made by the other national authorities. (2) The Committee must, at the time it gives its advice to the Secretary of State, send a copy to the other national authorities. (3) As soon as is reasonably practicable after giving its advice to the Secretary of State, the Committee must publish that advice in such manner as it considers appropriate. (4) The Secretary of State may proceed to lay such a draft statutory instrument before Parliament without having ) by Energy Act 2013 (c. 32) , ss. 1(8)(a) , 156(3)
Acronyms (ActionPlan) Action Plan for the Production and Promotion of Agricultural Products and Organic Food; (AIGP) Integrated Areas for Lanscape Management (AOGCM) Atmosphere-Ocean GCM