UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
In response to the global energy crisis, the Household Support Fund was made available from 6 October 2021 to 31 March 2022 to support those most in need across England with the cost of:The UK Government provided funding to 151 County councils and unitary authorities, under section 31 of the Local Government Act 2003. These subnational actors implemented support through a variety of instruments, including issuing grants to third parties, or providing vouchers to households.
External action 120. In order to increase the coherence, transparency, flexibility and effectiveness of EU external cooperation, most existing instruments will be merged into a Neighbourhood, Development
But there are other issues that require a new approach: earthquakes in Groningen and the safety of residents: price differences with countries inside and outside Europe and the competitiveness of companies, the pursuit of a European * The partners of the Energy Agreement are committed to achieving the following goals:  Savings in final energy consumption by an average of 1.5 percent per year. 100 petajoules of energy savings in the final energy consumption in the Netherlands by 2020. An increase in the share of renewable energy generation (currently over 5.6 percent) to 14 percent in 2020. A further increase in this share to 16 percent in 2023. To create at least 15,000 full-time jobs, the majority in the coming years. Moreover, the aim is for the Netherlands to occupy a top to position in the global Clean Tech Ranking * ECN and PBL, 2015, National Energy Outlook 2015. Where the partners lag behind in the realization of objectives, they jointly take steps to fill the gaps that still exist. are to be closed. The implementation of the Urgenda judgment also plays a role. Current studies, such as the interdepartmental policy study &quot;Cost-efficiency CO reduction measures&quot;, will provide building blocks for additional measures. * IEA, 2015, World Energy Outlook 2015 Energy Union while member states pursue individual energy policies, the increase in intermittent energy sources and the pressure on the electricity system, decrease in their own gas production and the role of gas in our energy supply, the (spatial) integration of high-voltage pylons, wind turbines, gas storage and mining and social resistance to it. These are just a few of the topics that require concrete policy actions and that each have an effect in the long term. They show how important it is to consider under which conditions we want to use energy.
The Act concerns legal implications of exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The principal purpose of the Act is to provide a functioning statute book on the day the UK leaves the EU. It ends the supremacy of European Union (EU) law in UK law, converts EU law as it stands at the moment of exit into domestic law, and preserves laws made in the UK to implement EU obligations. It also creates temporary powers to make secondary legislation to enable corrections to be made to the laws that would otherwise no longer operate appropriately once the UK has left, so that the domestic legal system continues to function correctly outside the EU.
The Act also enables domestic law to reflect the content of a withdrawal agreement under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union once the UK leaves the EU, subject to the prior enactment of a statute by Parliament approving the final terms of withdrawal. Direct EU legislation, so far as operative immediately before exit day, forms part ofdomestic law on and after exit day.
The government will fund over GBP 30 million to develop research into battery technology, the EV supply chain, and hydrogen vehicles. This investment will help improve and reduce the cost of electric vehicles (EV), support the creation of new jobs, new industries, and the development of green transport technologies. 22 studies will receive a share of 9.4 million GBP, including proposals to build a plant in Cornwall that will extract lithium for use in EV batteries, a plant to build specialized magnets for electric vehicle motors in Cheshire, and lightweight hydrogen storage for cars and vans in Loughborough. The government-backed Faraday Institution is also committing the first year of a GBP 22.6 million program on improving the safety, reliability, and sustainability of batteries.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a United Nations body whose objective is to provide governments with an assessment of the best available climate change science for the development of climate policies, including the physical basis of climate change, its impacts, adaptation and mitigation. To this end, the IPCC conducts periodic assessments of the state of climate change science through the work of scientists nominated by IPCC member parties. MITERD, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Ministry of Universities, autono- mous communities and local entities. There are spaces/networks for exchange, collaboration and coordination between research staff and the different actors involved in adaptation.
(2) The granting of a surcharge or the issuance of a payment authorization are independent of legal protection proceedings by third parties pursuant to paragraph 1. The challenge of a surcharge or a payment authorization by third parties is not permitted. (+++ § 82 to 84: For non-application cf. § 32 Abs. 1 GEEV +++ (+++ § 83a: For application cf. § 72 WindSeeG +++) Section 84 Use of sea waterways
The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 505-IV of December 3, 2011 "On amendments and changes to some legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on environmental issues" Chapter 9-1 "State regulation in the area of greenhouse gas emissions and removals" of the Environmental Code was supplemented by articles 94-1 to 94-12 which introduced the main provisions of state regulation in the sphere of greenhouse gas emissions and removals, including: (1) GHG allowance allocation to plant operators; (2) establishing market mechanisms for GHG reduction and removals; (3) administration of plant operators. These articles established the legal framework for the emissions trading scheme. The main article defining the concept of a market mechanism for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and removals is the Article 94-7. According to it, the market mechanism for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and removals includes: (1) emission trading; (2) trading of adsorbing units of greenhouse gas, certified emission reductions, emission reduction, domestic emission reductions; (3) international trade of assigned amount units between countries with restrictions and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and their legal entities. The subjects of the greenhouse gas emissions market are legal entities, participating in the project-based mechanisms in the regulation of emission and adsorbing of greenhouse gases, as well as the Exchange trade in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A carbon unit is a merchandise. The sale of adsorbing units of greenhouse gases emission, certified emission reductions, emission reductions, allowances, domestic emission reductions in the secondary circulation is carried out on the organized commodity markets (stock exchanges), determined in accordance with the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It should be noted that this mechanism in the current version is effective from January 1, 2018 (ref. The Environmental Code, Article 94-7).
To support the transition of households to low-carbon heating, the government will boost the funding of different schemes around the UK, over 2022/23 to 2024/25: - £800 million into the Social Housing Decarbonization Fund - £950 million into the Home Upgrade Grant - £1.4 billion into the Public Sector Decarbonization Scheme - £450 million into the new Boiler Upgrade Scheme, which will provide grants of £5,000 for the installation of an air source heat pump and £6,000 for ground source heat pumps. - £338 million into the Heat Network Transformation Programme
Trading periods U.K. 13 U.K. The regulations must specify the period or periods by reference to which the scheme is to operate (a "trading period").
Public Records Act 1958 (c. 51) U.K. 28 U.K. In Schedule 1 to the Public Records Act 1958 (definition of public records), in Part 2 of the Table at the end of paragraph 3, at the appropriate place insert- " The Committee on Climate Change. "
a. In 2019, Dutch businesses, working alongside public authorities, knowledge institutes, and Natuur & Milieu, will undertake the "Climate-neutral Construction Site Challenge" in order to identify knowledge and experiences, opportunities and possible obstacles surrounding zero-emissions mobile machinery, in order to accelerate the growth and incorporation of zero-emissions mobile machinery and advance knowledge exchange and to facilitate public authorities in this transition. b. C. The national government will create framework conditions within the regulations to allow cities to steer toward green construction traffic and the use of zero-emissions construction machinery, for example by imposing a monitoring obligation for emissions and load factor. d. The national government will be committed to putting carbon dioxide labelling and standardisation of mobile machinery on the agenda of the European Commission. If the agreements above have not yet led to an expected reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by mobile machinery of 0.4 Mt by 2030 (to be determined in consultation with local and regional authorities), the national government will impose zero-emissions green construction traffic and the use of zero-emissions mobile machinery by 2026. The government will already begin the preparation of legislation to allow rapid introduction of a legal obligation to take place. Public authorities will take the initiative to include the use of ZE mobile machinery and the principles of the HND Green Deal in procurement processes, such as for construction works and landscaping activities. In this regard, the national government and other public authorities will aim to achieve agreements on the standardisation of invitations to tender for zero-emissions machinery. Agricultural machinery will be added to the Green Deal for Mobile Machinery (HND Green Deal). The national government will enable the relevant top sectors to develop autonomous vehicles, via crossovers before 2023, that carry out transport and field operations sources for precision applications and run on renewable energy sources. e.
7 (1) Section 132(1) (interpretation of Chapter 5 of Part 2) is amended as follows. U.K. (2) For the definition of "Administrator" substitute- " " Administrator " means the person for the time being appointed as the Administrator by order under this Chapter; " . (3) In the appropriate place insert- " " authorised person " has the meaning given by section 131A(3); " ; " " enactment " includes- (a) an enactment contained in subordinate legislation, (b) an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, an Act of the Scottish Parliament, (c) an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, Northern Ireland legislation, and (d) an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, a Measure or Act of the National Assembly for Wales; " . (4) In section 196(1) of the Energy Act 2004 (c. 20) (general interpretation), in the definition of "enactment", after " "enactment" insert " (except in Chapter 5 of Part 2) " .
2 [ F1 (1) An environmental authority may, for the purposes of enabling a trading scheme to be established, by notice require an electricity supplier or electricity distributor to provide any of the following information- U.K. (a) information about the electricity meters and metering systems for which the supplier or distributor is responsible, including (in particular) their locations and any identifying features; (b) information about the persons to whom electricity measured by those meters or systems is supplied or who purchase such electricity; (c) information about the consumption by those persons of that electricity; (d) any other information that the environmental authority considers necessary for identifying the potential participants in the scheme. (2) An "electricity (a) in relation to England and Wales and Scotland means an authorised supplier within the meaning of the Electricity Act 1989 (c. 29) (see section 64(1) of that Act); (b) in relation to Northern Ireland means- (i) an electricity supplier within the meaning of the Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992 (S.I. 1992/231) (N.I. 1) (see Article 3 of that Order), or (ii) a person who may supply electricity to premises without a licence by virtue of an exemption under Article 9 of that . (3) An "electricity distributor"- (a) in relation to England and Wales and Scotland means an authorised distributor within the meaning of the Electricity Act 1989 (see section 64(1) of that Act); (b) in relation to Northern Ireland means an electricity distributor within the meaning of the Electricity (Northern Ireland) Order 1992 (see Article 3 of that Order). (4) References in this to an electricity supplier or electricity distributor include an agent of such a supplier or distributor. ] 4 paras. 1-5 ceased to have effect (26.1.2009) by virtue of Climate Change Act 2008 (c. 27) , ss. 50(2) , 100(5)
28 (1) This paragraph applies in relation to an instrument containing regulations under this made or to be made by any two or more of- E+W+N.I. (a) the Secretary of State, (b) the Welsh Ministers, and (c) the Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland. (2) If any of the regulations are subject to affirmative resolution procedure, all of them are subject to that procedure. (3) Sub-paragraphs (2) to (6) of paragraph 27 apply to the instrument as they apply to an instrument containing regulations made by a single national authority. (4) If in accordance with that paragraph- (a) either House of Parliament resolves that an address be presented to Her Majesty praying that an instrument containing regulations made by the Secretary of State be annulled, or (b) a devolved legislature resolves that an instrument containing regulations made by a national authority be annulled, nothing further is to be done under the instrument after the date of the resolution and Her Majesty may by Order in Council revoke the instrument. (5) This is without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under the instrument or to the making of a new instrument. (6) This paragraph applies in place of provision made by any other enactment about the effect of such a resolution.
When considering the structure of gross domestic consumption in the reference year (1990) and in 2016, one can note a clear decreasing trend regarding the share of solid fuels (from 23.8 per cent of the total in 1990 to 2.7 per cent of the total in 2016) and liquid fuels (from 41.5 per cent of the total in 1990 to 32.0 per cent of the total in 2016), respectively an increasing trend regarding the share of electricity (from 8.5 per cent of the total in 1990 to 10.4 per cent of the total in 2016), gaseous fuels (from 25.9 per cent of the total in 1990 to 30.0 per cent of the total in 2016) and biofuels (from 0.4 per cent of the total in 1990 to 25.0 per cent of the total in 2016) (Table 1-34, Figures 1-10 and 1-11).
The UK Business Secretary announced a GBP 54 million fund to develop the next generation of electric trucks and hydrogen-powered buses, within the framework of 3 projects in Cambran, Warwickshire and Ballymena. The projects are forecast to secure nearly 10,000 jobs across the UK and save 45 million tonnes of carbon emissions. The fund is divided as the following: - GBP 31.9 million to develop electric propulsion systems for heavy goods' vehicles in Cwmbran, Wales. This technology could be applied in a range of ways, such as giving trucks greater travel range and better energy efficiency for coaches and construction vehicles; - GBP 11.3 million to develop and manufacture energy-saving technology from motorsport for use in cars and vans from a center in Warwickshire; - GBP 11.2 million to develop and manufacture low-cost hydrogen fuel cell technology for buses and create a hydrogen center of excellence with Wrightbus in Ballymena, Northern Ireland.
Payment of penalties into Consolidated Fund E+W+N.I. 26 (1) Where pursuant to any provision made under this an administrator receives- E+W+N.I. (a) a fixed monetary penalty, a variable monetary penalty or a non-compliance penalty under paragraph 14, (b) any interest or other financial penalty for late payment of such a penalty, or (c) a sum paid in discharge of liability to a fixed monetary penalty pursuant to paragraph 11(1)(b), the administrator must pay it into the relevant Fund. (2) In sub-paragraph (1) " relevant Fund " means- (a) in a case where the administrator has functions only in relation to Wales, the Welsh Consolidated Fund, (b) in a case where the administrator has functions only in relation to Northern Ireland, the and (c) in any other case, the Consolidated Fund.
1 Total greenhouse gas emissions and trends 3 Greenhouse gas inventory information, including the national system and the national registry 59 The most important greenhouse gas in Finland is carbon dioxide. The share of CO₂ emissions in total greenhouse gas emissions has varied from 80 per cent to 85 per cent. In absolute terms, CO₂ emissions have decreased by 12.7 million tonnes (i.e. 22 per cent) since 1990. Around 90 per cent of all CO₂ emissions originated from the energy sector in 2015. The amount of energy-related CO₂ emissions has fluctuated much according to the economic trend, the energy supply structure (including electricity imports and exports) and climate conditions. Methane emissions (CH) have decreased by 37 per cent from the 1990 level. This is mainly due to the improvements in waste sector and a contraction in animal husbandry in the agricultural sector. Correspondingly, emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) have also decreased by 27 per cent; the greatest decline occurred in 2009 when the implementation of a N₂O abatement technology in nitric acid production reduced emissions significantly. Another reason for the decrease of N₂O emissions is the reduced nitrogen fertilisation of agricultural fields. In 2015, the F-gas emissions (HFCs, PFCs and SF) were nearly 35 times higher than the emissions for 1995 (the
5.1. Objectives for the development of the use of renewable energy sources Increase in the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption to at least 15% in 2020 and a further increase in this indicator in the following years,  Achieving a 10% share of biofuels in the transport fuel market in 2020, and increasing the use of second generation biofuels,  Protection forests against overexploitation, in order to obtain biomass and the sustainable use of agricultural land for renewable energy purposes, including biofuels, so as not to lead to competition between renewable energy and agriculture and to preserve biodiversity, Countries. Increasing the degree of diversification of supply sources and creating optimal conditions for the development of distributed energy based on locally available raw materials Activities in this area include:
The introduction of the Streamlined Energy and Carbon reporting scheme in 2019 coincided with the end of the Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme. The scheme makes it mandatory for all 'large' companies with a turn over of £36 million or more, a balance sheet of £18 million or more, or 250 employees or more to report on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in their Directors' report or Strategic Report. The scheme was introduced through The Companies (Directors Report) and Limited Liability Partnerships (Energy and Carbon Report) Regulations 2018, passed under the Companies Act 2006 and the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000.
nutrition security of poor households with a particular focus on women and vulnerable groups in and degradation, this project contributes towards climate change mitigation. Due to the reduced burning of biomass in fuel efficient stoves, and consequent reduced emissions from deforestation
The government added GBP 96 million to the budget for the last year of the scheme, which ends in March 2022. A further GBP 270 million will be invested in a new Green Heat Networks Scheme. It will enable new and existing heat networks to switch to low carbon sources and connect to waste heat that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere.
To inform the UK governments position on the European Commissions proposal to establish a Market Stability Reserve MSR, an external research project was commissioned by Department of Energy Climate Change and undertaken by Ecofys and London School of Economics LSE, to assess design options for a Market Stability Reserve in the EU ETS. In January 2015, we published the findings from this project. The project investigates the effectiveness of a range of MSR design options using a mix of economic modelling, literature review and stakeholder interviews. The report shows the current design of the EU ETS combined with the relatively short term outlook of market participants compared to long-term emission reduction targets results in weak investment responses to the carbon market. When businesses postpone investment in emission abatement there are increased risks of more costly, rapid investment being required later and of high carbon lock-in and stranded assets in a transition to tighter targets. Modelling analysis shows that that the introduction of an MSR lowered overall EU ETS compliance costs in reaching long term targets, due to its effects on stimulating earlier abatement. Timing of implementation of the MSR was the single biggest factor determining the extent of these cost reductions, with greater cost reductions if an MSR was introduced in 2017 rather than 2021. The views expressed in the report are those of its writers, and do not represent an official position of the UK government.
14 (1) The regulations must identify the activities to which the trading scheme applies. U.K. (2) The regulations may identify the activities by reference to any, or any combination of, criteria and in particular- (a) may identify the activities by reference to the locations or locations at which they are carried on, or (b) may be expressed to apply to all activities of a particular kind carried on in the United Kingdom or a part of the United Kingdom. (3) The regulations must specify the units of measurement of the activities for the purposes of the scheme. (4) The regulations may specify units of measurement by reference to- (a) the activities themselves, (b) anything consumed or used for the purposes of the activities, (c) anything produced by the activities, or (d) any other consequence of the activities. (5) The regulations may, in particular, make provision- (a) for activities to be measured by reference to the amount (in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, or removals of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere, for which those activities are to be regarded as responsible; and (b) as to the method by which that amount is to be measured or calculated. (6) The regulations may make different provision in relation to different descriptions of activity to which the scheme applies.