Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emissions reductions information on mitigation actions and their effects Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Efficiency improvements of buildings (Energy consumption), Efficiency Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for new buildings and when people carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including extensions, conversions and certain categories of renovation and replacement Efficiency improvements of buildings Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for new buildings and when people carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including extensions, conversions and certain categories of renovation and replacement Efficiency improvements of buildings (Energy consumption), Efficiency Regulatory Implemented Building Regulations set minimum energy performance standards for new buildings and when people carry out controlled ‘building work’ to existing properties including extensions, conversions and certain categories of renovation and replacement appliances (Energy consumption) Regulatory Implemented Sustainable Energy-Using Product regulations operate by setting minimum performance and information requirements (respectively) for energy-using products. They aim to take the least efficient products off the market and to give consumers clear energy use-related information to guide their purchasing decisions. This was previously implemented through product-specific EU regulations, but is now operated through UK regulation. Efficiency improvements of buildings Regulatory Implemented Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are required when any building is sold, rented out or constructed, and sometimes after refurbishment work. EPCs give information on a building's energy efficiency in a sliding scale from 'A' (very efficient) to 'G' (least efficient). * indicates that a mitigation action has been included in the WEM and WAM projections † indicates that a mitigation action has been included in the WAM projection only [1]: Impact included in bundle 'New Energy Supply Policies' [2]: Impact included in bundle 'Forestry Policies' Mitigation impact Not Estimated Mitigation impact Included Elsewhere

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) buildings (Energy consumption), appliances (Energy consumption), services/ tertiary sector (Energy improvement in industrial end-use Information Expired (only if the The Carbon Trust provided a range of measures from general advice to in-depth consultancy and accreditation, to reduce emissions and save energy and money to businesses and public sector organisations of all sizes. buildings (Energy consumption), appliances (Energy consumption), services/ tertiary sector (Energy improvement in industrial end-use The Carbon Trust provided interest free loans of £3,000 – £400,000 for small and medium sized businesses to invest in energy efficiency equipment and renewable technologies. These loans were designed so that in most cases the forecast reduction in energy costs would be similar to the total repayment amount. Warm front* Energy consumption Efficiency improvements of buildings (Energy consumption), Efficiency Warm Front installed heating and insulation measures to make homes warmer and more energy efficient for private sector households in England vulnerable to fuel poverty. The scheme offered a package of heating and insulation measures of up to £3,500 (or £6,000 where oil central heating or other alternative technologies are recommended). Efficiency improvements of buildings (Energy consumption), Efficiency Regulatory Expired (only if the EEC GB wide regulation that required all electricity and gas suppliers with 15,000 or more domestic customers to achieve a combined energy saving of 62 TWh by 2005 by incentivising their customers to install energy- efficiency measures in homes. EEC II – energy suppliers with more than 50,000 domestic customers required to deliver a total of 130 TWh lifetime energy use reductions in GB households, primarily through the promotion of energy efficiency measures. Carbon Emission Reduction Target (CERT) – GB regulation that required all domestic energy suppliers with a customer base in excess of 50,000 domestic customers to make savings in the amount of

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Efficiency improvements of buildings (Energy consumption), Efficiency Regulatory Expired (only if the CERT extension – increased the targets originally set under CERT by 20% and required domestic energy suppliers with a customer base in excess of 50,000 (later increased to 250,000) to make savings in the amount of CO2 emitted by householders. The extension also refocused subsidy towards insulation measures and away from electricity saving measures such as low energy lighting – and introduced a super priority group (households in receipt of certain means-tested benefits) to make energy reductions in low income Efficiency improvements of buildings (Energy consumption), Efficiency Regulatory Expired (only if the Community Energy Saving Programme (CESP) – area based regulation that targeted households across Great Britain, in areas of low income, to improve energy efficiency standards, and reduce fuel bills. CESP was funded by an obligation on larger energy suppliers and also the larger, electricity generators. Efficiency improvements of buildings The Energy Company Obligation (ECO1) was a statutory obligation on energy suppliers with over 250,000 domestic customers and delivering over a certain amount of electricity or gas to make reductions in carbon emissions or achieve heating cost savings in domestic households. ECO1 focused on insulation measures, and also heating improvements to low income and vulnerable households. It ran Smart Metering* Energy consumption Implemented The smart metering programme will replace 53 million meters with smart electricity and gas meters in all domestic properties, and smart or advanced meters in smaller non-domestic sites in Great Britain by the end of 2020. Smart meters will deliver consumers with near-real time information on their energy consumption to help them control energy use, so avoiding wasting energy and money. It will deliver energy networks with better information upon which to manage and plan current activities.
Smart meters will also assist the move towards smart grids which support sustainable energy supply and will help reduce the total energy needed

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) switch to less carbon-intensive fuels Economic Implemented The Non-Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) provides financial incentives to increase the uptake of renewable heat by businesses, the public sector and non-profit organisations. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for 20 years based on the amount of heat generated. The Domestic RHI is a government financial incentive to promote the use of residential renewable heat. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for seven years for the estimated amount of renewable heat Efficiency improvement in services/ tertiary sector (Energy consumption) Implemented The CRC (formerly the Carbon Reduction Commitment) is a mandatory UK-wide emissions trading scheme (launched in 2010). It encourages the uptake of energy efficiency measures in large non-energy intensive private and public sector organisations that use energy not covered by the ETS or Climate Change Agreements. It covers 1,800-1,900 large users of energy across the business and public sector. The scheme is split into phases. Phase 1 ran from 1 April 2010 until 31 March 2014. Phase 2 runs from 1 April 2014 until 31 March 2019. In the 2016 Spring Budget, the Chancellor announced the closure of the CRC after Phase 2 (i.e. following the Implemented Climate Change Agreements offer participating energy-intensive industries a discount from the Climate Change Levy in return for meeting targets for emission reductions. From 2013 these are a 90% discount for electricity and a 65% discount for other fuels. From 2019 this will increase to a 93% discount for electricity and 78% discount for other fuels. Target levels represent a cap on emissions if

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Implemented A mandatory energy assessment scheme for all large undertakings (non-SMEs) in response to requirements contained Article 8 of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/ EU). Organisations which employ 250 or more people, or employ fewer than 250 people but have both an annual turnover exceeding £38.9m and an annual balance sheet total exceeding £33.4m, must measure their total energy consumption and carry out audits of the energy used by their buildings, industrial processes and transport to identify cost-effective energy saving measures, by 5 December 2015 and every four years thereafter. It is estimated that around 10,000 organisations will participate in the scheme. Efficiency improvements of buildings Regulatory Adopted Extension of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirement for public buildings to display Energy Performance Certificates to include buildings over 250 metres Efficiency improvement in services/ tertiary sector (Energy consumption) Adopted From 1 April 2018 there is a requirement for any properties rented out in the private rented sector to have a minimum energy performance rating of E on an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC). The regulations came into force for new lets and renewals of tenancies with effect from 1 April 2018 and for all existing tenancies on 1 April 2020 (1 April 2023 for non-domestic properties). It will be unlawful to rent a property which breaches the requirement for a minimum E rating, unless there is Efficiency improvements of buildings Regulatory Implemented The 2015 Spending Review announced that ECO will be replaced with a new, lower cost scheme that will run for 5 years (to March 2022) and will tackle the root causes of fuel poverty. The 5-year extension took place in the two phases, with the ECO Extension (April 2017 – Sept 2018) acting as a bridge between the expired ECO1 scheme and the new fuel poverty focused scheme, ECO 3, which ran from

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Efficiency improvement in services/ tertiary sector (Energy consumption) Economic Implemented The Public Sector Energy Efficiency Loans Scheme, managed by Salix Finance Ltd, provides interest-free loans in England to public sector organisations for energy efficiency schemes. These loans are intended to provide the capital cost of energy efficiency retrofit work and other measures to be installed. These loans have a payback period of five years (eight for schools) during which the repayments are met with the energy bill savings from the energy efficiency measures. Thus, once the loan has been paid off, the organisation continues to benefit from energy savings for the lifetime of those measures. This funding is then once it has been returned to the Scheme and it is loaned out once again. BEIS provides the largest amount of funding to the Scheme. Reduction of fertilizer/manure use on cropland (Agriculture), Improved systems (Agriculture), Improved livestock management (Agriculture), (Agriculture), Improved management of organic soils (Agriculture) Implemented The Agricultural Action Plan covers a range of resource-efficiency and land management measures to reduce emissions to meet

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Implemented EC Regulation 443/2009 sets fuel efficiency targets for new cars to be achieved by 2015 and 2020. The regulation translates a fleet average CO2 tailpipe emissions target for new vehicles sold in the EU market into specific targets for individual manufacturers according to the mass of their fleet. Heavy fines are imposed for non-compliance. The 2021 target is for a fleet average of 95g CO2/km across the EU, with a transition period where 95% of a manufacturer’s fleet must meet the 95g target by 2020.
Complementary measures are a collection of technologies that could improve 'real world' fuel efficiency of cars which wouldn't be fully captured by the new car CO2 target and which could improve fuel efficiency in the existing fleet. These include gear shift indicators, tyre pressure monitoring systems, more efficient mobile air-conditioning, and low rolling resistance tyres. EC Regulation 661/2009 sets minimum requirements and introduces labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres. Measures to support the uptake of ultra low emission vehicles include the Plug-in Car and Plug-in Van Grants towards ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) cars and vans, as well as various tax incentives including lower rates for Vehicle Excise Duty and Company Car Tax. EV infrastructure is directly supported through the Workplace Charging Scheme grants for EV chargepoints for employees and fleets, the Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme grants towards home EV chargepoints and the On- street Residential Charging Scheme. Highways England have committed £15m to ensure EV chargepoints are available every 20 miles on the 3,306 9,794 18,898 29,327 37,343 Forestry policies* Land use, land-use Afforestation and reforestation Implemented Range of policies aimed at driving afforestation and reforestation. Policies whose mitigation impacts are included in this grouping are labelled with '[2]' in the 'Name of

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Implemented EC Regulation 510/2011 sets fuel efficiency targets for new Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) to be achieved by 2017 and 2020. EC Regulation 661/2009 sets minimum requirements and introduces labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres. The regulation translates a fleet average CO2 tailpipe emissions target for new vehicles sold in the EU market into specific targets for individual manufacturers according to the mass of their fleet. Heavy fines are imposed for non-compliance. The 2020 target is for a fleet average of 147g CO2 /km and represents a reduction of 19% from the 2012 average. Measures include the car and van grants towards ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) cars and vans, as well as various tax incentives including lower rates for Vehicle Excise Duty and Company Car Tax. EV infrastructure is directly supported through workplace charging scheme grants for EV chargepoints for employees and fleets, the Electric Vehicle Homecharge Scheme grants towards home EV chargepoints and the On- street Residential Charging Scheme. Highways England have committed £15m to ensure EV chargepoints are available every 20 miles on the Efficiency improvements of vehicles (Transport), Low carbon fuels/ Implemented EC Regulation 661/2009 sets minimum requirements and introduces labelling for the rolling resistance, wet grip and external rolling noise of tyres. Industry and Government are taking a range of actions to reduce freight emissions, including the Freight Transport Association's Logistics Carbon Reduction Scheme, which encourages members to record, report and reduce emissions from freight. The Mode Shift Revenue Support scheme encourages modal shift from road to rail or inland waterway where the costs are higher than road, and where there are environmental benefits to be gained. It currently helps to remove around 800,000 lorry journeys a year from Britain's roads. A similar scheme, Waterborne Freight Grant, can provide assistance with the operating costs associated with coastal or short sea shipping. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Economic Implemented The Green Bus Fund (GBF) allowed bus companies and local authorities in England to compete for funds to help them buy new low carbon emission buses. The four rounds of the fund, which ran from 2009- 2014, added around 1250 Low Carbon Emission Buses onto England's roads. The GBF has now been replaced by the Low Emission Bus Fund (LEBS) which offered £30m for bus operators and local authorities across England and Wales to bid for low emission buses and supporting infrastructure. This scheme funding is open from 2016-2019 and the successful bidders were announced in July 2016, adding more than 300 extra low emission buses to fleets. Low carbon fuels/electric cars Regulatory Implemented The RTFO set a 4.75% target for biofuel use by diesel and petrol suppliers to be achieved by 2014. Targets are by volume rather than by energy. Implemented the EU Renewables Directive (2009/28/EC). Regulatory Implemented This policy sets enhanced overall targets of 9.75% (by volume) for biofuel use by diesel and petrol suppliers by 2020 and at least 12.4% in 2032. It implements the EU Renewables Directive (2009/28/EC) as amended by the Committed active travel spending from 2011/12 onwards including from ring-fenced and non-ringfenced funds including the Local Growth Fund, Other Government Infrastructure Funds (e.g. the Housing Infrastructure Fund), Highways Maintenance Fund, Transforming Cities Fund, Integrated Transport Block, Local Sustainable Transport Fund and Cycling

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Improved transport infrastructure (Transport), Transport, Reduce Other Implemented Major programme of rail electrification underway to replace older diesel trains with modern, low-emission electric trains. This means that operators are contractually obliged to meet emissions levels based on running modern electric rather than diesel traction. Trans Pennine Express (TPE) and Northern are examples where 11% and 17% reductions in CO2e emissions per vehicle km respectively where contracted based on electrification schemes. Reducing electric trains tend to be cheaper to buy, operate and maintain than diesels. They are also lighter so do less damage to the track. So whilst there is clearly a large capital cost associated with installing new electrification infrastructure, this can be compensated over time by the lower operational costs of electric trains. Increasing capacity and reliability and reducing journey electric trains tend to outperform equivalent diesels in terms of reliability, acceleration and carrying capacity.
Reducing environmental electric trains are quieter and more carbon efficient than diesels and zero emission at point of use which helps Set an annual obligation on electricity suppliers to produce a proportion of their generation from renewable sources. Targets can be met by renewable generation that accrue Renewable Energy Certificate (ROCs) or by paying a ‘fine’ into the RO Buy Out Fund, which is then redistributed to other energy suppliers who Implemented Feed-in Tariffs (FITs) support organisations, businesses, communities and individuals to generate low-carbon electricity using small- scale (5 MW or less total installed capacity) systems. Electricity suppliers are obliged to pay the regulated tariffs to eligible generators. (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Economic Implemented Offers Contracts for Difference (CfDs) in the electricity generation market for low carbon and renewable sources, CfDs will replace ROCs (which are due to be phased out to new capacity from 2017). Current policy offers CfD for new capacity through auctions should Government’s choose to hold them. There is also a bilateral negotiation underway for Hinkley

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Economic Planned Planned continuation of Contracts for Difference (CfDs) for new low carbon capacity after 2020. (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Fiscal Implemented The Carbon Price Floor (CPF) is designed to further reduce the use of emission-intensive fossil fuels and increase the proportion of electricity generation and supply from (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Implemented It sets an emissions target (cap) for installations covered by the system (across the EU), with the carbon market determining the carbon price, and therefore where emissions can be reduced most cheaply. It guarantees that total emissions in the sectors covered will not exceed the cap set, and in doing so drives investments in low-carbon technologies, leading to cutting emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases at least cost. (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Combined impact of electricity supply and decarbonisation policies. Policies whose mitigation impacts are included in this grouping are labelled with '[1]' in the 'Name of 32,388 52,521 44,630 55,074 69,159 Implemented Voluntary Code and associated carbon registry (2013) for UK domestic woodland carbon schemes to encourage private sector funding for woodland creation projects. Recognised as component of net GHG emissions reporting for businesses in Government’s Environmental Reporting Guidelines. Implemented Revised (2017) national standard for sustainable forest management, previously revised in 2011 to include a new guideline on climate change, covering both adaptation and mitigation. Implemented Industry-led action plan announced in Government's Forestry and Woodlands Policy Statement (2013) which aspires to encourage businesses to invest in woodland creation and sustainable forest management practice. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Economic Implemented Woodland creation grants provided through EU co-financed Rural Development Initiative to develop supply chains, including through support for harvesting/processing and woodland access, to increase woodfuel supply Agriculture Nitrous oxide (N2O) Reduction of fertilizer/manure use Implemented This ensures improved compliance with the Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC). Designated revised "Nitrate Vulnerable Zones" (NVC) established a range of mandatory measures to reduce nitrate pollution to water in each NVC. It includes also code of good practice for Agriculture Nitrous oxide (N2O) Activities improving grazing (Agriculture), Improved management of organic soils (Agriculture) Implemented Delivers practical solutions and targeted support to enable farmers and land managers to take voluntary action to reduce diffuse water pollution from agriculture to protect water Soils For Profit* Agriculture Nitrous oxide (N2O) Activities improving grazing (Agriculture), Improved management of organic soils (Agriculture) Education Expired (only if the Provides on farm reviews and training on soils manures and nutrients. The programme Agriculture Nitrous oxide (N2O) Activities improving grazing (Agriculture), Improved management of organic soils (Agriculture) Economic Implemented Provides income foregone support under Pillar 2 of the CAP for farmers to undertake management options that benefit biodiversity, resource protection and water quality. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Reduction of emissions of abatement technologies (Industrial substances (Industrial processes), emissions from industrial processes Regulatory Implemented This regulation implements obligations under the Montreal Protocol and EU Regulation 1005/2009/EC on ozone depleting substances. With the exemption of some critical use exemptions, CFCs, HCFCs and halon use is banned. Most ozone depleting substances are potent greenhouse gases, so reductions in their use protects both the ozone layer and climate. Regulatory Implemented This introduced a 79% phase down in the quantities of hydrofluorocarbons that can be placed on the EU market and was delivered via a gradually reducing quota system; a number of bans on the use of certain F gases in some new equipment; a ban on the use of very high GWP HFCs for the servicing of certain types of refrigeration equipment; and some strengthening of obligations in the 2007 regulation relating to leak checking, repairs, F gas recovery and technician training. 3,638 7,491 11,072 13,267 13,764 Efficiency improvements of buildings Implemented The Climate Change Levy (CCL) was introduced in 2001. It is levied on the supply of energy to business and public sector consumers to incentivise them to reduce energy consumption. Each of the four main groups of taxable commodities (electricity, gas, solid fuels, and liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]) has its own main rate per unit of energy.
Eligible energy-intensive industries may pay reduced main rates of CCL through CCAs, or be exempt from the CCL (for mineralogical/metallurgical processes). Budget 2016 announced that CCL rates will increase from April 2019, moving to an electricity-to- gas ratio of 2.5:1 compared to the previous 2.9:1 ratio. In the longer term, the Government intends to rebalance the rates further, reaching a ratio of 1:1 by 2025. CCL rates to April 2022 were announced at Budget 2018, however changes between 2022 and 2025, as well as the rates from 2025 onwards, have not

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Efficiency improvements of buildings Implemented The Government is required to report to the European Commission by June 2017 to demonstrate that UK building standards for energy performance remain ‘cost optimal’. Cost-optimal energy performance means that the lifetime cost-benefit analysis is positive. Minimum energy performance requirements must be compared against calculated cost-optimal levels using the Comparative Methodology Framework. Implemented Increases Renewable Obligation (RO) targets in electricity supply so as meet the UK’s overall renewables target for 2020 as set out in the Renewables Directive (RED, 2009/28/EC). Economic Implemented Part of the Government’s Electricity Market Reform package, the Capacity Mechanism ensures security of electricity supply by encouraging investments in electricity generation capacity. Switch to less carbon-intensive Economic Implemented The heat networks investment project (HNIP) is a capital funding scheme across England and Wales to encourage the development of heat networks. The scheme will be open for applications from heat networks for up to three years and allocate commercialisation and construction funding through a competitive process. The key objective of the project is to build a sustainable market for heat networks to support the decarbonisation of heat in buildings, helping the UK reach the Regulatory Implemented Strong regulatory framework that controls felling. It only allows deforestation for purposes of nature conservation and prevents the afforestation of deep peat. Legislation updated

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Information Implemented Natural England published the Strategy for the Restoration of Blanket Bog in England in 2015. The approach sets out the extent, nature and importance of the blanket bog resource across England and what is currently being done to conserve it, as well as setting out the required management and timeframe for delivery to achieve an improvement in site condition across the resource at a strategic level. Implemented The Sustainable Growing Media Taskforce was set up to look at ways in which the barriers to the use of peat alternatives could be overcome. The Government published its response to the Task Force’s report and draft roadmap in 2013 which set out where our resources Regulatory Implemented According to the UK's draft integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), 3 out of 12 Nature Improvement Areas (NIA, 2012) are focussed on peatland restoration. 47% England’s wetlands are protected by Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). Peatland Code Land use, land-use Implemented A UK Voluntary Code to encourage and support private sector funding for peatland restoration projects. Provides standards and robust science to give business supporters confidence that their financial contribution is making a measurable and verifiable difference. Afforestation and reforestation Economic Implemented Woodland creation grants provided through EU co-financed Rural Development Regulatory Implemented Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions in place to ensure minimum soil cover, to maintain soil organic matter and to minimise erosion. Implementation of the Nitrates Directive Retention of permanent pasture (up to 2014 – Economic Implemented The Woodland Carbon Fund is an exchequer- funded grant to support the creation of large-scale productive woodlands which also Implemented Grant to support the planning of large-scale productive woodlands, compliant with the

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) emissions from industrial processes (Industrial processes), Efficiency improvement in industrial end-use Regulatory Implemented As transposed into UK law, the IED replaced the LCPD from 1 January 2016 with similar (although more stringent) provisions set out in chapter III of the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) (IED). Those provisions apply in respect to any plant newly permitted since 7 January 2013. Three compliance routes are available to generating plants; to abate emissions and comply with more stringent limits by 2020; to comply with less stringent limits but face a 1,500 hour per year load factor constraint; or to close by 2023. Regulatory Implemented The Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD, 2001/80/EC) sets limits on emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust from combustion plants with a thermal capacity of 50 MW or greater. This has now been replaced by the Industrial Emissions Directive. Activities improving grazing land or grassland management (Agriculture) Regulatory Implemented Obtain consent before improving grassland that has not been cultivated for 15 years or more (Environmental Impact Assessment/EIA). Select a range of Ecological Focus Area (EFA) measures to meet new relevant actions include enhanced buffer strips, cover crops and growing N-fixing crops Efficiency improvements of buildings Regulatory Planned UK legislation requiring heat network operators to submit data on networks and to install heat meters/heat cost allocators in buildings on networks unless it is not cost-effective to do so. The amendments will revise the cost-effectiveness methodology and address ambiguities in the existing legislation

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Efficiency improvements of buildings Regulatory Implemented The 2015 Spending Review announced that ECO will be replaced with a new, lower cost scheme that will run for 5 years (to March 2022) and will tackle the root causes of fuel poverty.
The 5-year extension will take place in the two phases, with the ECO Extension (April 2017 – Sept 2018) acting as a bridge between the expired ECO scheme and the new fuel poverty focused scheme, ECO 3, which will run from Efficiency improvements of buildings Regulatory Implemented The policy objectives are to deliver additional energy and carbon savings from the domestic heating sector in England by lowering overall gas demand from domestic properties. It aims to do this by increasing the deployment of devices which increase the efficiency of domestic heating systems, through controls and measures to make gas boilers heat homes more efficiently. The policy instrument is a technical standard set through statutory guidance under the Building Regulations framework. This requires existing households in England to install an additional energy saving measure from a choice list at the point of installing a new or replacement combi gas boiler Implemented The policy aims increase industry confidence to invest in the technology potential to recover heat from industrial processes, and increase the deployment of such technologies across manufacturing and data centres in England and Wales. It establishes a fund for feasibility studies that examine the potential for industrial businesses to adopt heat recovery technologies and a fund to subsidise the deployment of

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Adopted SECR is a reporting framework which obligates all large (as defined by the Companies Act 2006) UK registered companies to report their energy use and associated emissions relating to electricity, gas and transport in their annual reports. Companies will also be required to provide an intensity metric and disclose any energy efficiency actions undertaken during the reporting period. Quoted companies will in addition be required to report their global Waste policies† Waste management/ Methane (CH4) Enhanced recycling (Waste), (Waste), Enhanced CH4 collection treatment technologies (Waste), (Waste), Waste incineration with There are a number of waste measures with the aim of increasing recycling/reuse and The Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) is the general framework of waste management requirements and sets rules governing the The Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) sets rules governing the disposal of waste to landfill. The UK Landfill Tax escalates tax on biodegradable waste sent to landfill. There are other waste measures targeting other waste streams, such as the Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC). The overall effect is reducing environmental impacts of waste, such as landfilling biodegradable waste and its (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) The 2021 Net Zero Strategy set out a clear vision for how we will transform the production and use of energy, in a decisive shift away from fossil fuels. The British Energy Security Strategy accelerates this plan to deliver a more independent, more secure energy system and support consumers to manage their energy bills. It includes ambitions including a potential five-fold increase in deployment by 2035 in solar energy; delivering up to 50GW of offshore wind by 2030, including up to 5GW of innovative floating wind; deployment of civil nuclear to up to 24GW by 2050 – 3 times more than now and representing up to 25% of our projected electricity demand; establishing the Future System Operator as soon as practicable to drive our overall transition and oversee the

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Economic Planned Ambition to secure a final investment decision on a large-scale nuclear plant by the end of the 2019-2024 Parliament whilst taking measures to inform investment decisions during the following Parliament on further nuclear projects (including AMRs, SMRs). Setting up the Great British Nuclear Vehicle to support projects to get investment ready and through the construction phase. In 2022 we will launch the £120m Future Nuclear Enabling Fund competitive process, first announced in the Comprehensive Spending Review. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Power CCUS to Economic Planned A private law agreement based on the Contracts for Difference (CfD) model to incentivise the deployment of at least one Power CCUS facility by the mid 2020's in line (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Planned Establishing the Future System Operator as soon as practicable to drive our overall transition and oversee the UK Energy System. It will be an expert, impartial body with responsibilities across both the electricity and gas systems, to drive progress towards net zero while maintaining energy security and minimising costs for consumers. (Energy supply), Switch to less carbon-intensive fuels (Energy supply), Enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear) Economic Adopted Deliver the actions in our recent Smart Systems and Flexibility Plan and Energy Digitalisation Strategy to maximise system flexibility. The plan sets out a suite of commitments support flexibility from consumers, remove barriers to flexibility on the grid, reform markets to reward flexibility and monitor flexibility Standard will initially help determine which hydrogen projects are eligible for government support through the Net Zero Hydrogen Fund and Hydrogen Business Model. It will be developed into a certification scheme by 2025. It may also be used by other government schemes wishing to define what is meant by Information Implemented The Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard (‘the standard’) sets a maximum threshold for greenhouse gas emissions allowed in the production process for hydrogen to be considered ‘low carbon hydrogen’. Compliance with the standard will help ensure new low carbon hydrogen production makes a direct contribution to the UK’s

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.)
The hydrogen business model will unlock private investment in new low carbon hydrogen production by delivering revenue support funded by the Industrial Decarbonisation Economic Planned The hydrogen business model will provide revenue support to producers to overcome the operating cost gap between low carbon hydrogen and high carbon counterfactual fuels. The hydrogen business model is one of a range of government interventions intended to stimulate investment in low carbon hydrogen projects that will be necessary to meet Carbon Budget 6 and net zero targets. Economic Implemented The Net Zero Hydrogen Fund (NZHF) will provide up to £240 million for government co-investment to support new low carbon hydrogen production out to 2025. The aim of the Fund is to support commercial deployment of new low carbon hydrogen production projects during the early 2020s, by helping to address barriers related to commercial risk and high upfront costs relative to fossil fuel alternatives, unlocking private sector Reduction of emissions of covered gases in covered sectors in line with Policy is neutral on the question of how the abatement is achieved and where it falls within the covered sectors/activities. This is market happen where most cost effective. Implemented It sets an emissions target (cap) for installations covered by the system (across the UK, excluding NI power generators), with the carbon market determining the carbon price, and therefore where emissions can be reduced most cheaply. It guarantees that total emissions in the sectors covered will not exceed the cap set, and in doing so drives investments in low-carbon technologies, leading to cutting emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases at least cost. It replaces the UK participation to the EU ETS. Implemented The Industrial Energy Transformation Fund (IETF) supports industrial sites with high energy use to transition to a low carbon future. The fund targets existing industrial processes, • cut energy bills by investing in more • reduce emissions by bringing down the costs and risks associated with investing in deep decarbonisation technologies. It is open to a broad range of industrial sectors and will support applicants based in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, both within and outside of industrial clusters. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) buildings, efficiency improvements of material supply and selection, Implemented The National Model Design Code which builds on the 10 characteristics of well-designed places set out in the National Design Guide, provides tools and guidance to local councils for producing design codes. Design codes promote the use of high-quality design to shape and deliver environmentally responsive and sustainable places, with a consistent and high- quality standard of design. The National Model Design Code encourages the implementation of sustainable construction; that addresses climatic conditions, focuses on reducing embodied energy, embeds circular economy principles to reduce waste and is designed for energy performance of the worst in England by installing energy carbon heating into low income households. £1.1 billion has been allocated to HUG for delivery from Economic Implemented/planned The Home Upgrade Grant provides grants to low-income households to upgrade the energy performance of the worst quality, off gas grid homes in England by installing multiple energy efficiency measures and low carbon heating. In the summer of 2021, the Government announced the launch of HUG Phase 1. This pot of money is worth over £200m. e Applications closed on 4 August 2021 with delivery forecast to complete by March 2023. This funding will deliver energy efficiency upgrades to low-income households off the gas grid. Homes with an EPC rating of D and below are eligible. Government announced an additional £950m at the Autumn ‘21 spending review, which will be delivered between 2023

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Scheme (LAD) started as a £500m scheme that aims to support up to 50,000 low-income households that most need energy efficiency prioritising homes with low Energy ratings of D, E, F&G and targeted household annual low-income of no more than £30,000. A further £287 million has been allocated for a third phase of LAD funding to deliver energy efficiency measures to low- income households on the gas grid from early 2022 to March 2023. Economic Implemented. The Local Authority Delivery Scheme (LAD) is focused on low-income households in homes that most need energy efficiency upgrades. The scheme is prioritising homes with low Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) ratings of D, E, F&G and targeted at households with a combined household annual low-income of no more than £30,000 who are most at risk Phase 1 allocated £200m in grants to over 136 Local Authorities for delivery by March 2022, with a managed closure to September 2022. It is forecasted that up to 20,000 homes Phase 2, allocated £300m to the five Local Net Zero Hubs, who work with their regional Local Authorities to continue to deliver energy efficiency upgrades to up to 30,000 homes Phase 3, funding was allocated to successful LAs under the third phase of LAD (£287m) LAD Phase 2 is currently in delivery and BEIS will continue to work with the Net Zero HUBs to ensure that as many homes benefit from the Scheme was designed to provide a short-term economic stimulus in response to the global pandemic, while tackling UK contribution homes, saving up to £600 on their energy bills, while supporting jobs Homeowners (both freehold and leasehold owner occupiers), and landlords could apply for vouchers of up to £5,000 towards the cost of installing energy efficient and low-carbon heating improvements in their homes. As of February 2022, the scheme had allocated £232 million through vouchers Some homeowners on income-based or disability benefits were eligible for vouchers covering the full cost of improvements, up to a Scheme opened to applications on 30 September 2020.
Initially £1.5 billion funding was available with the deadline of 31 March 2021 for vouchers to be redeemed, and home improvements to be completed. An extension to 31 March 2022 was announced in November 2020. It was subsequently announced the scheme would close to new applications on

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) efficiency scheme for low income and vulnerable energy customers which aims to reduce bills and improve the least energy efficient income and vulnerable households across Great Britain. It contributes towards Government's statutory practicable to EPC band C by 2030, with an interim milestone of band D by 2025. The scheme is energy supplier led with costs recouped from their domestic customers. The 2021 Sustainable Warmth strategy announced a continuation of ECO from 2022 – 2026 and an expansion in the value of the scheme from £640mn/annum to £1bn/annum. In Summer 2021, government consulted on the 4-year £4bn successor scheme (ECO4) and published the consultation response in April 2022. The scheme focuses support by installing energy efficiency measures in low income and vulnerable and fuel poor households across Great Britain, living in energy inefficient homes. A minimum level of energy efficiency upgrade is required, for deeper improvements to homes. To phase out the installation of high carbon fossil fuel heating systems in homes off the gas grid in England Proposed regulation to phase out the installation of high carbon fossil fuel heating systems in homes off the gas grid in England, bringing forward low carbon heat at the point To phase out the installation of high carbon fossil fuel heating systems in non-domestic buildings in England Proposed regulation to phase out the installation of high carbon fossil fuel heating systems (e.g. oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), coal) in buildings off the gas grid in England, bringing forward low carbon heat at the point To decarbonise the generation of heat in both industrial/commercial and domestic sectors. To develop a high quality supply chain that is able to carry out the mass deployment of low carbon heating systems in the 2020s and beyond. To contribute towards the UK's renewable energy The Non-Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) provides financial incentives to increase the uptake of renewable heat by businesses, the public sector and non-profit organisations. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for 20 years based on the amount The Domestic RHI is a government financial incentive to promote the use of renewable heat. Eligible installations receive quarterly payments for 7 years for the amount of renewable heat it is estimated their system produces. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) lowering consumer bills and carbon emissions, and improving our energy security, by highest standards of efficiency. Preparing for the energy Ensuring new boiler installations prepare the ground for the future transition of homes to low carbon heating, including for a potential hydrogen conversion and exploring the role of hybrid heating systems. This consultation sets out proposals aimed at improving the efficiency of newly installed gas boiler systems, through product standards and improved installation practices. The consultation will also test the case for requiring that all newly installed gas boilers are hydrogen-ready, to support any future transition Finally, the consultation also explores the role of hybrid heat pumps as a transitional technology to bring forward private sector investment in the UK heat pump diversity and supply chain resilience, reductions from innovation and This scheme will provide up to £30m worth of grants to bring forward/attract additional heat pump manufacturing capacity to the UK. Funding will be provided to companies for eligible capital costs, driven by At least two major investments that would otherwise not be made in the UK within this Spending Review period should be This will encourage meeting UK heat pump demand and targets, and also creating export opportunities. There is potential to attract more than £250m of private investment, create new, commercially sustainable jobs, reduce unit costs for UK consumers, and cut heat pump delivery times from up to six months Expand deployment of low-carbon direct carbon dioxide emissions from gas and oil boilers, and indirect emissions from the use of electric heating appliances that are less energy-efficient than heat pumps. Plan to introduce an obligation on the manufacturers of fossil fuel boilers sold in the UK to meet targets for a rising standard for low-carbon heat pumps as a proportion of their overall sales mix, either directly or through acquiring credits from other heat pump manufacturers. This will stimulate investment throughout the heat pump supply chain, and help to make a heat pump a more attractive, affordable and simpler choice energy usage of their buidlings Regulatory Planned An operational energy rating would fill a gap in information on how a building performs once it is operational. In large and complex buildings, information failure is a critical barrier to ensuring businesses are aware of and accountable for

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) To support industry to deliver a neighbourhood trial by 2023, a village scale trial by 2025 in order to enable strategic decisions in 2026 on the role of hydrogen for heat Trials of hydrogen heating will be key to evaluating the practicalities of converting to hydrogen.
They will provide a wide range of evidence on costs, feasibility and the way in which consumers experience the conversion process and hydrogen for heating in their To determine the feasibility of hydrogen as a heating solution for various pruposes, specifically domestic heating and distribution Numerous hydrogen devices developed and undergoing testing, with proposals from manufacturers regarding costs, production, and The Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund will upgrade a significant amount of the social housing stock currently below EPC C up to that standard, delivering warm, energy- efficient homes, reducing carbon emissions and fuel bills, tackling fuel poverty, and supporting green jobs. Delivery in progress, expected to be completed The 2020 Summer Economic Update £61m of funding to social landlords across 2000 social homes improved to at least EPC band C and supporting up to 1,200 local jobs. The Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund will upgrade a significant amount of the social housing stock currently below EPC C up to that standard, delivering warm, energy- efficient homes, reducing carbon emissions and fuel bills, tackling fuel poverty, and supporting green jobs. The first wave of the Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund (SHDF) was launched in August 2021. It is providing around £179m of BEIS funding and around £187m of co-funding from Registered Providers, equalling a total investment size of around £366m in financial year 21/22. A further £800 million funding was announced in the Net Zero Strategy for Wave 2, the competition launch for Wave 2 is scheduled The aim of the proposals is to energy performance and to raise awareness among their customers. The policy would function as an enabler to achieving our wider net zero targets, such as getting as upgraded to Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) Band C by 2035. We have consulted on the role that mortgage lenders in England and Wales can play in helping homeowners to improve the energy performance of their homes. The consultation proposed that lenders disclose information related to the energy performance of their portfolios and sign up to meet an improvement target. The target could be achieved by lenders offering low cost green finance products to customers (e.g. green mortgages, further advances), offering incentives (e.g. cashbacks), and providing information and advice to customers on the changes they can make. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) All homes to EPC by 2035 Regulatory Proposed. The Introduce standards to improve the energy efficiency of socially rented homes. All homes to EPC C by 2035 Regulatory We commited in Introduce minimum energy performance standards to improve the energy performance of owner-occupied homes linked to behaviour points where building upgrades are most likely Amend PRS Regulations to require privately rented homes in England and Wales to reach EPC C by 2028 Regulatory We consulted in the We committed in the Clean Growth Strategy to improve as many private rental homes as possible to EPC band C by 2030 where practical, affordable and cost effective. In the Net Zero strategy we committed to setting long-term regulatory standards to upgrade privately rented homes to EPC band C by 2028. The consultation proposed to apply to new tenancies from 1 April 2025 and to all tenancies Improve the fabric energy efficiency Buyers of non-domestic buildings will need to upgrade the property's energy efficiency to EPC B within 24 months of purchase, with Amend PRS Regulations to require privately rented non-domestic in England and Wales to reach EPC Rented non-domestic buildings will need to reach EPC B, with a 2030 backstop designed to encourage domestic energy efficiency retrofit amongst establishment of green lending products and supporting lenders innovation posed by high initial development costs in an untapped Funded through the Energy Innovation Programme, the £1.8m GHFIF competition launched in September 2019, and awarded three organisations grant funding to support the initial development and piloting of green home finance products that aim to incentivise energy efficiency retrofit in homes. The funded projects were led by two retail lenders and

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) programme is to drive innovation and diversification in the green lending market and support the services which incentivise domestic energy efficiency and low carbon heating retrofit amongst both owner occupiers and private landlords. A second objective is to support lenders to develop expertise in energy efficiency and low carbon heating, and build relationships with the energy efficiency installer supply chain, and with advice provision services to streamline and improve Economic Due to launch in 2022 Up to £20m of innovation grant funding will be made available to support UK lenders to design, develop and pilot a range of innovative finance propositions, with a particular focus on non-mortgage related products. Through the GHFA competition, the range and depth of retrofit enabling green finance products and services available in the green finance market will be explored and developed to encourage and enable domestic energy retrofit and help a wide range of consumer segments meet Efficiency improvements of buildings (Energy consumption), Efficiency An interim uplift to the 2013 building regulations will come into force in June 2022, when new homes and buildings constructed to this standard will be expected to produce significantly less CO2, compared to those constructed to the 2013 standard. This Regulatory Planned When it is implemented in 2025, we expect the Future Homes Standard will ensure new homes are built not with fossil fuel technologies, but with heat pumps or heat networks. The technical specifications of the FHS will be subject to further consultation in 2023. This will non-domestic buildings (Energy Regulatory Planned When it is implemented in 2025, the Future Buildings Standard will deliver highly efficient non-domestic buildings which use low- carbon heat, ensuring they are better for the environment and fit for the future.
The technical specifications of the FHS will be subject to further consultation in 2023. This will All homes to EPC C by 2035, Fuel Regulatory Setting goal stage Social Housing White Paper committed to review the Decent Home Standard (DHS) to consider how it can better support the decarbonisation and energy efficiency of social Hosing. Initially based on EER C by 2035 (modelled subject to a £10k cost cap) but we will update the figures based on the final level of ambition once the policy is agreed. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) through requiring energy suppliers to provide rebates to low-income Regulatory Planned The scheme obligates participating energy suppliers to provide rebates to low-income and vulnerable households. The scheme is being expanded to £475 milion per year from 2022/23 until 2025/26 least, providing £150 rebates to around 3 million households each winter, the majority automatically. Under the scheme, energy suppliers can also fund other measures such as energy advice, energy efficiency measures, and debt write-off. There will be separate WHD schemes in England and Wales and in Scotland. Government will shortly lay the regulations for England and Wales and publish a consultation for Scotland, which will be subject Incentivise property owners to replace existing fossil fuel heating alternatives, primarily heat pumps, chains ahead of the introduction of regulations later in the decade. • The Boiler Upgrade Scheme will provide capital grants for the installation of low carbon heat technologies in domestic and small non- domestic properties. The grant model will help customers overcome the high upfront cost of low carbon technologies when replacing existing fossil fuel systems. BUS applies to • The BUS will provide grants of £5000 towards the installation and capital costs of air sour heat pumps and biomass boilers, and grants of £6,000 for ground source heat pumps. is a tariff support scheme for biomethane (AD) injection to the gas grid (following closure of the Non Domestic RHI in March 2021). The length of the tariff will be 15 years, with applications starting Autumn Tariff support scheme for supporting new AD biomethane injection into the gas grid Green Gas Levy Homes, heat and The levy charges fossil fuel gas suppliers to raise funding for the tariff support payments to The Green Gas Levy operates as a fixed charge levied against every gas meter that supplies fossily fuel gas for the purposes of heat. The levy is reviewed annually to match the forecast expenditure of the Green Gas Support Scheme. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) The Simple Energy Advice service tailored advice on how to cut their energy bills and make their homes greener. This service has been accessed by over 1.8 million users Implemented Online advice service for homeowners efficiency measures which would suit their homes Enabler – no direct impact activity to stregthen and embed standards for retrofit, ensuring necessary protection is provided for consumers that have energy installed, in accordance with the PAS 2035/PAS 2030:2019 came into force in November 2021. Installers must be certified to those standards and registered with TrustMark to particpate in government schemes. An small update to the standard was published in January 2022, taking into account lessons learned from implementation on the ground. A more substantial update is being To reduce supply chain risk to our current delivery schemes and understand and plan for future supporting the supply chain to grow and upskill in the key trades needed An ongoing programme of work including skills funding, working with industry to help them make better use of existing avenues for capacity building/understand the issues with those (non fiscal measures), and improving our knowledge and understanding via research to

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) CO2 Sets minimum energy performance standards and implements energy labels for a range of energy-related products to increase the uptake of the most energy efficient products bills and remove the least energy efficient products from the market. Since 2019, this has - updating ecodesign requirements for welding equipment, electric motors and variable speed drives, washing machines, dishwashers, refrigeration, lighting products - rescaling the energy label for refrigeration and dishwashers to aid consumer understanding and reflect technological progress In force These measures help save consumers money on their energy bills by incentivising them to purchase the most energy efficient products on the market and removing the least energy efficient products from the market. This in turn spurs innovation within the market. More recently, circular economy principles have been introduced to reduce material waste by supporting consumers to repair products, keeping them in use for longer. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Deveop a regulatory framework consumers and support growth of Measures are intended to protect consumers by ensuring fair pricing and deliver growth in the sector. Examples of measures establishing a framework for consumer protections similar to those for gas and electricity customers, proposals for more transparent pricing and proposals for giving heat networks equivalent rights and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Introduction of heat network zoning barriers to deployment by identifying and designating areas where heat solution for decarbonising heat. Our proposals for heat network zoning involve central and local government working together with industry and local stakeholders to identify and designate areas within which heat networks are the lowest cost solution for decarbonising heat. Certain buildings within zones would be required to connect to the heat network. This will help accelerate the deployment of heat networks where they are most appropriate and help heat networks increase their contribution towards our net zero commitments.
Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) heat network market, helping to overcome barriers to heat network market entry. £338M invested over Green Heat Network Fund is the largest element, providing grants for large district heat networks for low carbon heat sources (e.g. heat pumps and waste-heat recovery). It replaces the Heat Networks Investment Project (HNIP). Implemented Aims to encourage manufacturers to increase the energy and resource efficiency of games consoles and provide consumers and repairers information on repair and spare parts. Adopted Invest £3 billion in the National Bus Strategy, creating integrated networks, more frequent services, and bus lanes to speed journeys, and support delivery of 4,000 new zero emission buses and the infrastructure needed to support them. This will represent the replacement of nearly 12% of England’s local operator bus fleet. This included £71m in 2021 to support 335 new zero emission buses in 5 areas and £198.3m in 2022 to provide 943 buses. Low carbon fuels. Regulatory Adopted Maximise carbon savings from the use of low carbon fuels, including by increasing the main Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) target. We have increased the RTFO main obligation (the percentage of transport fuel in the UK that suppliers must show comes from renewable or sustainable sources) from 9.6% in Regulatory Planned End the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2030; from 2035, all new cars and vans must be zero emission at the tailpipe. Introduce a zero emission vehicle mandate setting targets for a percentage of manufacturers’ new car and van sales to be zero emission each year from 2024. Planned Take forward our pledge to end the sale of all new, non-zero emission road vehicles by 2040, from motorcycles to buses and HGVs, At COP26, we announced that following consultation we will end the sale of new, non-zero emission HGVs less than or equal to 26 tonnes by 2035, and that from 2040, all new HGVs must be fully zero emission

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Planned Ensure the UK’s charging infrastructure network is reliable, accessible, and meets the demands of all motorists. We have published an EV infrastructure strategy, setting out our vision for infrastructure rollout, and roles for the public and private sectors in achieving it. Building on the £1.9 billion from Spending Review 2020, the Government has committed an additional £620 million to support the transition to electric vehicles. The funding will support the rollout of charging infrastructure, with a particular focus on local on-street residential charging, and targeted plug-in vehicle grants. Improved transport infrastructure Fiscal Planned Electrify more railway lines as part of plans to deliver a net zero rail network by 2050, with the ambition to remove all diesel-only Increase the share of journeys Planned Invest £2 billion in cycling and walking, building first hundreds, then thousands of miles of segregated cycle lane and more low-traffic neighbourhoods with the aim that half of all journeys in towns and cities will be cycled or walked by 2030. As announced in the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, we will create at least one zero emission transport city. Adopted New unit, UK SHORE, to tackle shipping emissions and advance the UK towards a sustainable shipping future. £206 million new funding to accelerate research into and development of clean maritime technologies and create skilled jobs across the country. Maritime decarbonisation Regulatory, Planned Plot a course to net zero for the UK domestic maritime sector, phase out the sale of new non- zero emission domestic shipping vessels and accelerate the development of zero emission technology and infrastructure in the UK. We will engage with industry to explore establishing a UK Shipping Office for Reducing Emissions (UKSHORE) to transform the UK into a global leader in the design and manufacturing of Aviation decarbonisation Regulatory, Planned Become a leader in zero-emission flight, kick- starting commercialisation of UK sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), and developing a UK SAF mandate, to enable the delivery of 10% SAF by 2030, and we will be supporting UK industry with a £180m funding to support the

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Economic Implemented Grant to support woodlands to create a green corridor of connected wildlife habitats alongside the railway and restore Economic Adopted 2020 Spending review announced the Nature for Cliamte Fund which provides Grants to support woodland creation and peatland restoration over a 5 year period. Reduction of particular fuels for domestic burning (Residential) Regulation Implemented This regulation aims to regulate the sales, distribution and marketing of we wood (>20% moisture), Bituminous house coal and manufactured solid fuels with sulphur Cross-cutting (removals) Carbon dioxide (CO In the first phase of the competition, Projects which are of high quality and represent proposals which, if implemented, would advance the development of GGRs in the UK. competition, to apply the best of these designs to successfully construct, operate, test, refine Fiscal Adopted In the first phase of the competition, to produce designs for GGR Projects which are of high quality and represent proposals which, if implemented, would advance the development In the second phase of the competition, to apply the best of these designs to successfully processes and technologies which can be used to remove GHGs from the atmosphere at scale. Cross-cutting (removals) All UK government has an ambition by 2030 (announced in Net Zero Strategy). To support this ambition, government will consult on policy measures to incentivise investment competition in 2021 for Direct Air by engineered GGRs by 2030 (announced in To support this ambition, government will consult on policy measures to incentivise investment in GGRs in spring 2022. BEIS launched a £70m innovation competition in 2021.
In Phase 1 23 projects were supported up to £250,000 each and around 15 of these will be going forward to Phase 2 of the competition. Phase 2 applicants can recieve up to £5million each to build their demonstration project based on the feasibility and design from Phase 1. Phase 2 demonstration projects will need to demonstrate a removal rate of up to 2e/yr and indicate how costs of CO2 removal can be reduced through scaling up to

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Accelerate the commercialisation Economic Implemented Funding BEIS-led programmes on power, buildings and industry; DFT-led programmes across transport; and DEFRA-led programmes on natural resources, waste, and F_gases. All All Sets out key research and Information Implemented Sets out critical net zero research and innovation challenges across the UK that require development over the next 5-10 years, and presents timelines of short, medium and longer-term priorities. Will help align current and future government funding around agreed priorities and to crowd-in effort and investment from the private sector and research communities by providing a clear signal on our Public Sector CO2 A capital funding scheme for heat decarbonisation and energy The Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme offers grants to public sector bodies to fund energy efficiency and low carbon heat measures. The scheme has already made available over £1bn during 2020/21 and 2021/2, and will invest a further £1.425bn over 2022/23 to 2024/45. The scheme aims to support the decarbonisation of public sector buildings by 75% (against a 2017 basline) by The quantitative impacts on emissions have been estimated using BEIS's non- domestic buildings model. It models the deployment of low carbon heat and energy efficiency measurest in the UK's non- Public Sector CO2 The Public Sector Low Carbon Skills Fund provides grants for public sector bodies to access skills and expertise to unlock heat decarbonisation on their estate. Launched alongside the Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme, providing funding to public sector organisations lacking the skills to develop and deliver decarbonisation projects. Investment of up to £32m for Phase 1 (2020/21); investment of up to £15m for Phase 2 (2021/2022); investment of up to £14m for

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) local actors across England to build capability and capacity to Fiscal Delivery ongoing The Local Net Zero Programme supports local authorities and communities across England in build capability and capacity to meet net zero, and ensure they play a leading role in decarbonisation. The programme The Local Net Zero Hubs to support all areas of England to reach net zero, including those lacking capacity and capability, or those facing unique challenges. The Hubs promote best practice and support local authorities to develop net zero projects that can attract commercial investment. Promoting best practice and support local authorities to develop net zero projects that can attract commercial investment. Increasing knowledge sharing to demonstrate and share successful net zero system solutions. Delivery of the Rural Community Energy Fund. This is a £10 million scheme which supports rural communities in England to develop Legislation will underpin all Northern Ireland Executive climate change Climate change legislation for Northern Ireland which includes a 2050 Net Zero target This Green Growth Strategy will set out a framework for a future where Northern Ireland transitions from being a high to a low emissions society; where NI can enjoy the health and environmental benefits The Green Growth Strategy is the Northern Ireland Executive’s multi-decade strategy, balancing climate, environment and the economy in Northern Ireland. It sets out the long-term vision and a solid framework for tackling the climate crisis in the right way. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Cross Cutting Multiple, including To provide key guiding principles for planning in Northern Ireland and both recognise the need to legislation continue to address the Implemented The overall objective of the planning system is to further sustainable development. The Regional Development Strategy 2035 (RDS) and the Strategic Planning Policy Statement for Northern Ireland (SPPS) provide the key guiding principles for planning in Northern Ireland and both recognise the need to mitigate and adapt to climate change.Engaging with a range of stakeholders; and applying best practice will ensure that the planning system is fit for purpose; evolves to reflect key developments in respect of sustainable development and climate change and that existing planning strategy, policy and legislation continue to address the Cross Cutting Carbon Dioxide (CO (with 2016/17 as the baseline) Implemented Central government is the largest aggregated energy consumer in Northern Ireland. The EMS 1. provide leadership on energy efficiency; 2. drive downward pressure on costs; 3. improve decarbonisation efforts In a context of rising energy prices – in which maintaining the status quo will guarantee cost eases – embracing energy management is an imperative to ensure Government achieves value for taxpayers. Apart from the financial benefits, energy management also contributes (PfG) through reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing security of energy supply. In addition, it directly supports Government objectives on energy 2, (CH4, N2O) To increase renewable electricity generation and to reduce reliance on fossil fuel generation in Northern Ireland in the transition towards Net Zero carbon energy by 2050 A revised renewable electricity consumption target for Northern Ireland of 80% by 2030, as defined by the Climate Change Act (Northern Ireland) 2022, soon to become legislation. The Article in relation to the target The Department for the Economy must ensure that 2, (CH4, N2O) Until it's closure in March 2017, policy instrument for incentivising renewable electricity generation.
The Northern Ireland Renewables Obligation (NIRO) has been the main support mechanism for encouraging increased renewable electricity generation in Northern Ireland. It operates in tandem with the Renewables Obligations in Great Britain – the 'ROS' in Scotland and the 'RO' in England & Wales – in a UK-wide market for Renewables Obligation Certificates (ROCs) issued to generators under the Obligations. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Methane (CH4) To replace a significant proportion of natural gas used in the gas distribution network in Northern Ireland with locally The aim of the policy is to utilise excess agricultural and other waste in Northern Ireland to produce biomethane for injection into the natural gas grid to support, primarily, the decarbonisation of heating and also transport. CO2 To reduce or eliminate the risk of behind in the energy transition. A joint initiative between the Northern Ireland Housing Executive and Ulster University and an EU Funded project. Its focus is considering combining domestic electrical heating systems with energy storage, and determining if this could be delivered and operated at scale. Also considering combining high levels of wind penetration into the electric network. Northern Ireland is renowned for its wind energy, and when dispatched down, i.e, when generation exceeds demand, has the potential to benefit low income householders. In 2020 15% of available wind energy with a retail value CO2, CH3 and NOx Phased plan of uplifts with a view to reducing operational emissions from newly erected buildings by 75-80% by 2026/27. At this point new buildings should be 'net zero ready' with net zero operational emissions achieved over time, as the electrical grid decarbonises. Regulatory Phase 1 implemented As an interim step to move towards net zero for 2050, phase 1 provides an uplift to new build standards to take effect from June 2022. A phase 2 discussion exercise will gather evidence, including whether an early introduction of requirements based on low carbon heating could be feasible for a phase 3 uplift in 2023. Full implementation of ‘net zero ready’ is anticipated no later than in 2026/27. These later phases will also take into account developments in other administrations to address standards for work to existing buildings and in related areas, such as ventilation, overheating and, potentially, in collaboration with the Department for Infrastructure, electric vehicle charge-point provisions. We will, meanwhile, continue to remain alert to emerging developments in areas such as embodied carbon, fuel price assumptions

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) CO2 emissions Primarily a fuel poverty scheme which offers energy efficiency measures to improve the thermal Implemented The Affordable Warmth Scheme is the NI Executive’s main fuel poverty scheme. It is a grant based scheme delivered in partnership between the Department for Communites, local Councils and the Northern Ireland Housing Executive. It has a targeted approach, aimed at private sector households most at risk of fuel poverty with an annual household income of less than £23,000. It provides a range of energy efficiency measures to improve thermal comfort. CO2 emissions Primarily a scheme which offers to improve the thermal comfort Implemented The Boiler Replacement Scheme is a grant based scheme funded by the Department for Communities and administered by the Northern Ireland Housing Executive. It assists privately owned households who meet the eligibility criteria to replace old and inefficient boilers that Residential CO2, (CH4, N2O) To improve the energy efficiency of building fabric across the Northern Improving the energy efficiency of the Northern Ireland housing stock will seek to provide energy savings for households and support the reduction of carbon emissions. CO2 The Strategy will provide a framework that can create better 150,000 homes over its 15 year The overarching vision for the Strategy is that “Everybody has access to a good quality, affordable and sustainable home that is appropriate for their needs and is located within a thriving and inclusive community”. The vision is supported by 5 key objectives and 16 long Housing, energy, power CO2 To deliver a thermal decarbonised heating programme. The Housing Executive will collaborate with its sponsoring department Department for Communities, industry, academia, other government bodies, the regulator and householders to deliver a thermal improvement programme focused on improved energy efficiency measures, low carbon heating, electric tariff changes and improved householder education to

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) 2 The scheme will explore if a building can produce net zero greenhouse gas emissions in use, known as 'zero carbon in use'. The standards explored in the pilot will far exceed The objective is that building to high energy standards now will Adopted The Housing Executive is undertaking the construction of a small development of new social housing units in North Belfast. This scheme will provide 6 semi-detached dwellings (2 bed, 3 person) and will incorporate Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), ultra-low energy building techniques and mechanical ventilation and heat recovery system with To enable departments to achieve their carbon reduction objectives with the associated environmental benefits. The contributing factors are expected to be reduced daily commuting and less staff travel. The COVID-19 response has demonstrated Northern Ireland Civil Service ’ ability to successfully adapt and innovate and effective new ways of working and communicating have emerged.This will facilitate the majority of employees (c.75%) to adopt a mix of workplace-based and remote/home working. The Service is also proposing to launch in April 2022 a number of Connect2 hubs that will provide drop-in facilities in key locations for staff right across the Northern Ireland Civil Service.
One of the many advantages of these new ways of working is that it enables departments to achieve their carbon reduction objectives with the associated environmental benefits. The contributing factors are expected to be reduced daily commuting and less staff travel. Transport and Energy Carbon dioxide (CO Transport by facilitating modal shift Implemented Hierarchical approach to achieving modal switch to walking, wheeling and cycling, investment in clean public transport, park and ride sites and the provision of infrastructure to support the electrification of transport. Waste Methane, Carbon Introduction of new recycling targets Legislation Ongoing Incrementally increasing recycling targets (65% for municipal waste by 2035 with interim targets of 55% by 2025 and 60% by 2030). A target of a maximum of 10% of municipal waste going to landfill by 2035; and minimum requirements for extended producer responsibility schemes including shifting collection, recycling and disposal costs from the end user or councils to manufacturers and brand owners Waste Methane, Carbon To improve the quality and quantity it provides assistance to Councils to transform kerbside recycling and Household Waste Recycling Centres infrastructure and services

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Waste Methane, Carbon To increase awareness Implemented Key waste prevention measures that have been undertaken include; the carrier bag levy and Prosperity Agreements as well as the extensive waste prevention initiatives undertaken by the third sector through Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs funded projects. Waste Methane, Carbon To increase recycling Legislation Implemented. Climate change legislation for Northern Ireland which includes a 2050 Net Zero target programme to take forward Forests for Our Future commitments for 9,000 hectares of new woodland by 2030 contributing to forest strategy aim to achieve 12% forest Establishment of new woodland on land controlled by private individuals, businesses, CO2 The Vision of the Strategy is that our peatland habitats in Northern Ireland are protected, enhanced recognised for their intrinsic value and for the benefits they provide – for wildlife, people and climate. Framework for conservation and restoration of peatlands in Northern Ireland. Agriculture / LULUCF CO2, N2O, CH4. To provide verifiable Northern Ireland baselines 1. Soil nutrient levels at field scale; 2. Estimates of carbon stored in soils & above landscape; 3. LiDAR based field & catchment level mapping of run- A new initiative aimed at verifiably baselining soil nutrient levels and estimating farm carbon stocks, right across Northern Ireland (NI). Farmers will have all their fields soil sampled and analysed by contractors. Results will be provided along with training, enabling farmers to match nutrient applications to crop need, thereby increasing efficiency, reducing excess nutrient run-off to watercourses and improving farm economic and environmental sustainability. Baseline carbon stocks in Northern Ireland's soils and above ground biomass (AGB) will be estimated at farm level for farmers and catchment/Northern Ireland scale for government. A full LiDAR scan of Northern Ireland will be carried out to assist in estimating AGB carbon stocks and field scale mapping of surface run-off risk areas. Additionally, baselines established through the Soil Nutrient Health Scheme will facilitate future monitoring and measurement of progress in managing nutrients and carbon, by farmers (at farm level) and government (at catchment / Northern

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) To bring into Northern Ireland law Union laws on F-gases, to limit Northern Ireland is required to continue adhering to the requirements of future European Union laws on both F-gases and ODS because of the terms of the Northern Ireland Protocol. F Gases and ODS chlorofluorocarbons To bring into Northern Ireland law Substances, to help limit Northern Ireland's emissions of ODS, which Northern Ireland is required to continue adhering to the requirements of future European Union laws on both F-gases and ODS because of the terms of the Northern Ireland Protocol. Education, Local Action Carbon Dioxide (CO The Carbon Literacy Project aims to raise awareness of climate change and the impacts of everyday actions on an individual, community and organisational basis to encourage action to tackle climate change. Education Implemented In December 2020, the Department of Agriculture Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) initiated a project with Keep Northern Ireland Beautiful (KNIB) to develop and deliver carbon literacy training specific to Northern Ireland. building upon the pre-existing Carbon Literacy Project ran in other parts of the UK. Accredited carbon literacy courses are being delivered to teachers across Northern Ireland utilising the existing eco-schools network. It is also being made available to youth and community leaders via a train the trainer approach. Work has also been undertaken to develop a new Open College Network (OCN) Award in reducing carbon footprints through environmental action. Northern Ireland Housing Executive have also joined the partnership to provide awareness of the 2020/21 Schools' Energy Awareness Programme (SEEAP), including a 'Design an Eco-hero Competition'. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) businesses build capacity, assist delivery of immediate and long- Policy Implemented The programme will involve 15 larger established businesses (Champions) engaging with SMEs (businesses employing less than 500) in their value chain and supporting them on a journey to net zero, with funding obtained from UK Community Renewal Fund by Business It will also support increasing the number of businesses that have signed Climate Action pledges and is due for completion It is based on an initial micro pilot, co- developed by Business in the Community and Danske Bank, which was the first initiative of its kind in the UK or Ireland, and was designed to help companies understand their environmental impact and work towards implementing sustainable business strategies.
2 To ensure that the Department is suffiently addressing it's role within the current climate emergency. Sustainability strategy Travel & Transport, Energy & Carbon Emisssions(non- travel), Water Management, Waste Management, Procurement, Biodiversity & Ecosystem, Corporate Social Responsibility. 2 The current contract is sourced from 100% renewable electricity. This is curently being implemented as best practice but becomes regulatory under the terms of the Climate Change (Northern Ireland) Act 2022, which received Royal Assent on

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) CO2 The Executive has implemented a policy to enhance the delivery procurement. The Policy includes From 1 June 2022 all public sector tenders for works and services must include a minimum weight of 10% for social value in assessing and awarding contracts. This 10% minimum will apply to contracts for services and works above the threshold where the Procurement reported annually. The first report will be published in June 2023. Policy Implemented The social value policy targets procurement strategies and specifications - Deliver additional environmental benefits in the performance of the contract including working towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions. - contract specifications that support environmental protection and improvement. - supply chains that minimise carbon - companies employ low or zero-carbon - assessing and minimising embodied carbon. Public CO2 Invest to save schemes to upgrade including Electric Vehicle charging points to deliver carbon emissions savings across the Health Estate, Economic Implemented Upgrade heating and lighting systems, including Electric Vehicle charging points to deliver carbon emissions savings across the Health Estate, especially in Health trusts. Public CO2 Promoting energy efficiency which will make a contribution to the delivery of the central government emissions reduction Economic Implemented Energy efficiency schemes being carried out to deliver carbon emissions savings across public services including the Health Estate, Cross -cutting CO2 Cross-Departmental strategy contains a long-term vision to manage flood risk and drainage in a sustainable manner, which will help to address the future risks Implemented Development of future policy on the introduction of more sustainable, environmentally friendly and green solutions to managing our water. Northern Ireland Water is undertaking an innovative Oxygen and Hydrogen Demonstrator Project that will deploy a state-of-the-art one megawatt electrolyser at wastewater treatment works; use of this technology can assist in addressing the climate emergency by

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) development in key sectors of the The Fund exists to provide debt or equity support to provide sector led developments in a number of key economic sectors within the Northern Ireland economy. The overarching Investment Strategy identifies the sectors which are eligible for support and includes energy efficiency, energy storage and generation projects, including heat networks, non-domestic and domestic energy efficiency, photovoltaic, wind and hydro energy generation and waste Energy, Homes CO2 The Energy Efficiency Social housing project is a multi-million improve the energy performance of This investment programme was to improve the energy performance of almost 1,900 homes. €23 million has been secured from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through its Investment for Growth and Jobs Programme for NI 2014-2020, and a further €22 million invested by the NI Housing Executive. Several schemes have already been completed or are currently underway. The schemes no fines properties improving thermal efficiency in aluminium bungalows through the provision of external wall cladding, new double glazing and CO2 To secure a sustainable future, as a Strategic Housing Authority and as Northern Ireland's largest landlord. Policy in development to support a Vision of Green Growth It provides a framework for tackling environmental and social challenges over the next five years, including the climate emergency. This Strategy was approved by the Housing Executive’s Board in March 2022 and will be launched publicly later in 2022 with a long term end-state to retrofit Housing Executive stock, and to support the social housing development programme to support sustainable communities. The social and economic effects of this investment will be long-lasting, create jobs and support innovation across the industry. Most importantly, it will reduce fuel poverty, improve energy resilience, and help tackle climate change. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) 2 Carry out a cost benefit analysis meters and other technologies in order to access half-hourly and Planned Data is at the heart of our future energy system. Gathering better quality data, and enabling appropriate access to it, will provide important benefits for consumers, network operation and market participants. It will also enable greater participation in the electricity system. Safely accessing this data will require the introduction of a range of technologies, regulation and consumer protection. Our approach to a digitised system will focus on consumer data, system data and accessibility 2 Adopt policies that facilitate active consumers and energy communities If individuals and communities have an active stake in the energy transition they can also access more of the value generated within the energy system and be rewarded for the services that they may provide such as demand flexibility or data. We will develop enabling frameworks for both active consumers and Citizen Energy Communities. These frameworks will enable them to engage in a range of energy services including generation, supply, consumption and aggregation and consider what financial support or access to new revenue streams - Placing the consumer at the heart - Grow the green economy through innovation, support and focusing - Set clear targets, standards behaviour, supporting investment sustainable renewable imports and using these to decarbonise heat, - Create a flexible, resilient and integrates renewables across heat, power and transport, creating value Net zero carbon energy means that overall greenhouse gas emissions from energy are zero.
It means reducing emissions from the energy we use for transport, electricity generation, industry and our build environment, as well as removing any remaining emissions with schemes that offset an equivalent amount from the atmosphere. We will improve our evidence base from all energy sectors to support monitoring of our policy impact. - Affordable energy – Energy provides value in However, affordable energy can mean different things to different groups of consumers, for example energy bills can be a major concern for households on lower incomes, or help to ensure that businesses can be competitive in changing markets. We will review the drivers and definitions of energy affordability. This will include the balance of upfront investment and long-term energy bills as well as data development. Throuhg sustained engagement we will assess their impacts on our identified consumer 'Cross-Cutting Measures'

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) 2, CH4, N2O The electricity system will Research Implemented. The Scottish Governnment continues to maintain its focus on tackling barriers to development of renewables, such as aircraft and seismological radar issues, working in partnership with the industry 2, CH4, N2O The electricity system will Other Implemented. The Scottish Government supports the development of technologies which can deliver sustainable security of supply to the electricity sector in Scotland and ensure that Scottish generators and flexibility providers can access revenue streams to support investments 2, CH4, N2O Scotland secures maximum continued investment and growth in electricity generation capacity innovative technologies which will deliver decarbonisation goals. own Estate Scotland announced the outcome of its application process for ScotWind Leasing, the first Scottish offshore wind leasing round in over a decade, in January 2022. As part of the bidding process, all applications had to submit a Supply Chain Development Statement outlining how they will deliver benefits to Scotland. The commitment made by developers secured investment in the Scottish supply chain of at least £1 billion for every gigawatt generated via ScotWind projects. 2, CH4, N2O The electricity system will be powered by a high penetration of renewables, aided by a range of flexible and responsive technologies Other Implemented The Scottish Government's Hydrogen Policy Statement (December 2020) sets out Scotland's support for a strategic approach to the development of the hydrogen economy in Scotland, setting a 2030 5GW production capacity ambition, while the draft Hydrogen Action Plan (November 2021) articulates the actions that will be taken over the 2, CH4, N2O As above. Economic Implemented. Will provide support for a sustainable, secure and inclusive energy transition in the North East of Scotland. It is planned to invest £75m over a 2, CH4, N2O As above. Economic Implemented The SIETF provides grant funding to reduce energy costs and emissions through increased energy efficiency. Decisions on funding awards are weighted towards energy and/or carbon savings, therefore it is primarily aimed at businesses with high energy use. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Industry CO2 Technologies critical to further industrial emissions reduction (such of hydrogen into the gas grid) will be operating at commercial 2 Utilisation Challenge Fund will help businesses and organisations develop and commercialise the technology, which involves produce products such as synthetic fuels and proteins for use in aquaculture. The Fund will be administered by Scottish Enterprise and match-funded by industry, meaning over £10 million could be invested in the initiative over 2, CH4, N2O The heat supply to Scotland's buildings will be very substantially decarbonised, with high penetration Scotland's homes and buildings all buildings upgraded where it is appropriate to do so, and new buildings achieving ultra-high levels Economic Implemented Area Based Schemes provide funding for whole house retrofits, zero/ low carbon heating and microgeneration. Through Warmer Homes Scotland, the Scottish Government has made available renewable and micro generation heat measures and new insulation measures. Grant funding has also been increased to incentivise uptake on more expensive low carbon 2, CH4, N2O As above. Economic Implemented The LCITP supports investment in decarbonisation of business and the public sector. Launched in September 2020 the Green Low Carbon Energy Project Capital Funding Invitation targeted £50 million of support for projects that demonstrate innovative low carbon heat solutions for buildings. 2, CH4, N2O To phase out the need for new Implemented Phase out petrol and diesel cars and vans by encouraging electric vehicle uptake and actions such as switching the public sector fleet. Draft vision on Scotland public charging network presented to Scottish 2, CH4, N2O To reduce emissions from buses Implemented Established a Bus Decarbonisation Taskforce to co-design a pathway to zero emission buses, and developed Scotland's subsidy model to phase out as the market for zero emission buses becomes self-sustaining. Several large operators have committed to transition by particular dates, range of guides published, £113 million Scottish

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) 2, CH4, N2O To make Scotland's rail passenger services carbon free electrification of the network and Adopted Removal of diesel passenger trains and replacement with electric, battery or hydrogen Development and delivery of rolling programme of electrification ongoing, with construction on outes starting in 2023/4 and others in latter stages of business case development. International rail cluster has been established, Transport CO2, CH4, N2O To reduce emissions in the freight for new petrol and diesel heavy Other Planned Phase out petrol and diesel heavy vehicles by encouraging uptake of zero emission vehicles, including public sector fleet heavy duty vehicles Reduce emissions from HGVs and HDVs by transitioning to zero emission vehicles. Project group established to connect activity with energy suppliers, manufactur finance etc.
to incentivise/facilitate transition 2, CH4, N2O To decarbonise scheduled Other Implemented Highlands and Islands Airports Limited, in partnership with a number of other organisations, have created a sustainable aviation test environment at Kirkwall Ampaire successfully demonstrated their flying between Wick and Kirkwall. 2, CH4, N2O To increase proportion of low Other Implemented Continue to examine the scope for utilising hybrid and low carbon energy sources in the public sector marine fleet as part of Scottish Government's vessel replacement programme. 2, CH4, N2O A more productive, sustainable agriculture sector that significantly contributes towards delivering Scotland’s climate change, and through an increased uptake of climate mitigation measures by farmers, crofters, land managers and other primary food producers Regulatory Planned A new Scottish Agriculture Bill will be brought forward in 2023 to provide a replacement for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Agriculture N2O Nitrogen emissions, including from nitrogen fertiliser, will have fallen through a combination of improved understanding, efficiencies and Regulatory Implemented The Climate Change (Nitrogen Balance Sheet) (Scotland) Regulations 2022 came into force on 11 March 2022. The Scottish Nitrogen Balance Sheet will be reviewed and updated on an annual basis from 2023 onwards. Agriculture CO2, CH4, N2O Emissions from red meat and Other Implemented As part of the National Test Programme (announced October 2021), Scotland has put in place livestock data and performance systems to support collation of data and performance information for every cattle farmer. Agriculture CH4, N2O Emissions will be reduced Regulatory Implemented Amendments have been made to the Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 which include improving controls on the storage of slurry and digestate to reduce leakage, and more targeted spreading to maximise the nutrient benefit and reduce emissions.The Water Environment (Controlled Activities)(Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2021 came into force from Agriculture, Forestry CO2 Carbon sequestration and existing carbon stores on agricultural land will help to increase and maintain Implemented The Scottish Government and Scottish Forestry launched the Integrating Trees Network to raise awareness of the multiple benefits that planting trees can bring to agricultural businesses. The Scottish Government also committed (July 2020) an additional £1.5 million to further support the integration of small woodlands on farmers and crofts across Scotland. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) LULUCF CO2, CH4, N2O To enhance the contribution of peatland to carbon storage with an increase in the annual rate Economic Implemented Scottish Government will provide grant funding to support eligible land managers to deliver peatland restoration. The Scottish Government will undertake research to inform where restoration can deliver the greatest emission LULUCF CO2, CH4, N2O To maximise the potential of land to Research Implemented The pilots will begin development of their Regional Land Use Frameworks, which will be CH4 A reduction in waste sent to landfill Economic Implemented Route Map to reduce waste, and meet 2025 targets and beyond, has been under development, and a formal consultation will be published in May 2022. £70m Recycling Improvement Fund was launched Regulatory Planned Scottish Government will work with SEPA and key industry partners to scale up the existing landfill gas capture programme to mitigate effects of landfill and environmental impact of CH4, N2O A reduction in food waste Economic. Implemented Scottish Government provided £200,000 of funding in 21/22 for FareShare’s Surplus with Purpose scheme to support food redistribution. The programme works with farmers, growers and manufacturers to cover the additional costs involved with getting their a more circular economy, where goods and materials are kept in Regulatory Implemented Regulations to increase carrier bag charge passed by Parliament and came into force on 1 April 2021. Further work is underway to consult on a minimum charge on single-use disposable beverage containers. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) To create a future workforce that can support a Just Transition to a The Climate Emergency Skills Action Plan sets out the government’s plan to maximise the transition to net-zero for Scotland, ensuring that Scotland’s workforce has the skills required to make the transition to net-zero a just transition, fair and inclusive to all. It focuses on both immediate action as well as the longer- term systemic change that will need to take It sets out a clear direction for the changes needed in the skills system, and signals the role that industry, communities and individuals across Scotland will play in achieving this. approach to their careers, from accessing training and learning new skills, to finding a new green job. The new Green Jobs Workforce Academy, delivered by Skills Development Scotland, will provide green Integrated Careers and Skills Assessments enabling individuals to draw on digital and appropriate face-to-face support; access to short, sharp industry certified course provision aligned to economic investment; development of a Skills Wallet providing access to targeted funding to individuals not in employment, those in low paid or insecure jobs and those in higher level jobs with the potential to progress; targeted and co-designed upskilling and reskilling measures and commitment to engagement with individuals, employers and skills providers supporting businesses and their supply chains to develop and grow. The Green Jobs Fund will invest £50 million through Scottish Enterprise, Highlands and Islands Enterprise, and South of Scotland Enterprise to help businesses which provide sustainable and/or low carbon products and services to develop, grow and create jobs.
A further £50 million will be invested to support businesses and supply chains across a range of sectors – such as manufacturing, tech, and land based organisations – to take advantage of public and private investment in low carbon infrastructure, and the transition to a low carbon economy in Scotland and beyond,

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Over the period of Carbon Budget 2 we will work closely with our key partners such as the Well-being of Future Generations Office and Wales TUC to develop our evidence understanding around the transition. Research Implemented We need to ensure the transition to a cleaner, fairer future in Wales is carefully managed. The changes driven by the need to decarbonise our economy will have impacts on industries, socio-economic groups in different ways, depending on the pathways, policies and actions we choose. It could help to r existing inequalities, but there is a risk it could • Act to tackle the drivers of and unsustainable consumption. our protected sites, habitats and species, and future proof them • Change behaviour at all levels management of natural resources Implemented This policy drives action across Welsh Government and also through Natural Resources Wales’ area statements, which delivers the policy in a local context. Action to tackle biodiversity loss is taken across the Welsh Government, but rooted in the actions set out in the Nature Recovery Action Plan (NRAP), its National Biodiversity Strategy and consistent with our well-being goals and our Sustainable Development Research Implemented Significant and irreversible changes to our climate and weather patterns are predicted to continue to develop over the next few decades, even as we reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Welsh overnment recognises and will proactively manage the nterdependency between decarbonisation and systemic change in consumption emissions and to make the circular economy a reality. This is set out Beyond Recycling (2021), which states we will increase resource efficiency across all sectors, moving recyclable materials and continuing to reduce waste. By 2050, we aim to use only our fair share of the planet’s resources and have 100% recycling (zero waste). The global biodiversity and climate systems will be the key beneficiaries, but the environment of Wales itself will also benefit, for example, from reductions in direct plastic pollution. Regulatory Implemented We must address the unsustainable consumption of resources as a root cause. Given 45% of global emissions come from the goods and products made and used every day, we need an approach which keeps resources in use and avoids all a circular economy. This means accelerating actions to increase resource efficiency, re-use, repair and re-manufacture across all sectors of the economy, seeking to retain and increase good quality jobs across Wales, and where appropriate, substitute high carbon, energy intensive materials with sustainable ones,

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) During Carbon Budget 2 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) will continue to facilitate decarbonisation through the planning system by providing an ambitious and comprehensive policy framework to address the development plans, including Futur Wales, Strategic Development Plans the opportunities to decarbonise through a place based approach Implemented Welsh Governments national planning policy is set out in Planning Policy Wales (PPW). It puts emphasis on people and places and ensures developments built today leave a legacy of well- designed, sustainable places which improve lives. PPW has a firm focus on ‘placemaking’ – an approach to development which ensures communities have all the services they need within easy reach and development is of high quality. This includes planning policies, which are designed to help Wales lower its carbon emissions at the same time as creating places By 2025 all new City and Growth Deals will have carbon eduction at their core and will contain carbon reduction outputs as key metrics for Implemented Regional Economic Frameworks (REFs) are a key component of Welsh Governments approach to regional economic development and are being developed in partnership with key regional stakeholders, including local authorities. REFs are intended as a vehicle to help promote collaborative regional planning and delivery amongst public, private and third sector partners, setting a shared vision and a set of common economic development objectives in relation to their areas. Tackling climate change and decarbonisation is central to the ambitions infrastructure investment strategy fiscal Planned The infrastructure investment strategy will set the framework for Welsh Government investment in infrastructure and will be designed around the four well being themes of economic, nvironmental, social and cultural well-being. At its heart will be the Welsh Government’s response to the climate emergency, including the commitment to net zero and tackling the decline in biodiversity, and the strategy has been designed specifically to support the delivery of a net zero carbon economy. a Net Zero Wales Skills Action Plan, which it intends to publish Planned Government have an important part to play in ensuring that skills are a key enabler for net zero, promoting fair work alongside good and safe employment in social partnership with Welsh Government will put the net zero challenge at the heart of a new Welsh Government Innovation Planned This will sit alongside and complement the UK Government’s innovation strategy launched in July 2021, which focuses on prosperity through innovation. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Digital All Information The Digital Strategy for Wales can support our journey to net zero.
Implemented The Digital Strategy for Wales › Support remote working, reducing the › Support public sector organisations in delivering efficient services designed › Promoting the use of modern and efficient › Promoting the effective use of data Over the course of Carbon Budget › Share experience and learnings › Deliver the Wales/Ireland action › Continue to look at innovative ways to engage internationally Implemented Aligned with its International Strategy, Welsh Government have developed a series of action plans to set out how we will establish Wales as a globally responsible nation, which is making a fair contribution to tackling climate change. the power sector in Wales whilst maintaining security of supply in a regulatory Implemented Later this year Welsh Government will publish its strategic policy position on combustion of fuels for electricity generation. It will set out a strong presumption against new fossil fuelled power plant, nor replacing current fleet of plant with alternatives which may themselves be the source of greenhouse gas emissions. Wherever possible we must prevent further extraction of fossil fuels. Welsh Government have placed all forms of fossil fuels at the bottom of the energy hierarchy within our strategic planning document, regulatory Implemented In December 2018, Welsh Government committed to not issuing any new petroleum licensing in Wales, or support applications for hydraulic fracturing petroleum licence consents. The continued extraction of all fossil fuels, including coal and petroleum, is not compatible with our challenging targets for decarbonisation. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) An updated strategic assessment potential need for smaller scale energy from waste capacity for non- recyclable waste and to properly dispose of dangerous wastes such as clinical waste, the success of our recycling and the decrease in waste generated in Wales means no further large scale energy from regulatory Implemented Following the publication of Beyond Recycling in March 2021, Welsh Government have brought forward an immediate moratorium on any future large scale energy from waste developments, as laid out in the Written Statement from March 2021, together with the accompanying updated Strategic Assessment on the need for new energy from waste capacity across the three economic regions in Wales. As laid out in our Written Statement, small scale energy from waste plants (of less than 10MW) must also supply heat, and where feasible, be carbon capture and storage affordable net zero energy system is by pursuing a joined-up whole- ensuring full public engagement Implemented Welsh Government have initiated, funded, resourced and supported our Regional Energy Strategies, which start to identify the scale of change needed to reach a low carbon energy system and establish regional priorities for a low carbon energy system. This work models future demand for power, heat and transport and contains an economic assessment of the impact of delivering the proposed ambitions. The focus of this policy will be to achieve a joint view across all participants of the likely future energy needs in Wales to 2050, building on existing modelling. Bringing together thinking across the gas and electricity networks and across the transmission and distribution networks in this way, we aim to be the first country to have a joined-up approach to developing enabling opportunities for additional Research Implemented Welsh Government have established a project with all the energy network operators in Wales, and Ofgem, to develop a long term plan for the energy networks in Wales. It will look out to 2050 to understand what networks we need to support a net zero energy system and best serve the communities and places they support. The work will help to inform Future Wales, certainty of outcomes for renewable energy developers in Wales, while made within a statutory timeframe, and the potential to include other ancillary authorisations as part of a single consent. Our process will Implemented Welsh Government will improve and unify the consenting of energy generation projects in Wales to provide a quicker and more roportionate consenting regime for energy infrastructure. It intends to introduce legislation that explores providing an integrated system for consenting devolved infrastructure projects, including low carbon and enewable energy projects, on land and offshore. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) consenting of energy storage in Wales to provide a quicker and delegated all planning applications hydroelectric schemes) to Welsh regulatory Implemented The UK Government has made changes in relation to previously non-devolved projects, which have resulted in the full devolution of storage consenting (with the exception of pumped hydroelectric schemes) to Welsh Local Planning Authorities. These changes took effect in April 2019 and will impact on consenting during Carbon Budget 2 and into the future. National Marine Plan, including securing plan objectives and the effects of the policies in the plan with respect to our support for Planned Natural Resources Wales (NRW) has a key role to play in advising on future opportunities for marine renewable energy and Welsh overnment are working with NRW to continue the Offshore Renewable Energy Programme (OREP). Its policy will be to streamline consenting herever possible, joining up regulatory processes and Business Research Innovation for Decarbonisation (WBRID) scheme communities and the public sector adapt to the challenge of net zero Implemented The Welsh Government PfG includes a commitment to further support innovation in new renewable energy technology, which will support the transformation of the energy system. Welsh Government have already supported Welsh businesses and academia to work together to build capability and develop solutions to drive forward net zero solutions. The increasing availability of “smart” data and use of data driven innovation techniques can ensure we better understand energy use and balance supply and demand on the local and national scale and we will pursue this with academic and business partners.
Welsh Government is on its our way to meetings its target for 1 GW of renewable energy generation capacity was locally owned. It also have a target to expand renewable bodies and community groups in 2021 and 2026. Together with its commitment to review the target for renewable generation in Wales Welsh Government will review its 1 GW target to ensure this still meets Implemented Welsh Government will develop new approaches to support new generation it › Review the Welsh Government Energy Service, to consider the evolving needs of places, as we shape service provision beyond the existing four year service. › Explore new models connecting people and developments, so communities have a stronger relationship with them and can see benefits. › Support communities to explore partnerships › Assess options for other innovative ways of funding locally owned low carbon generation, building on the strong track record of community share offers in Wales. Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) benefit is retained in Wales from Implemented It will look for opportunities to work with the private sector to deliver local priorities in support of net zero, and support Welsh businesses to take up supply chain opportunities and build the necessary skills in Wales to generate local social › Consolidate these evidence bases with UK Gov, identify any gaps, and commission work where necessary Reseach Implemented Welsh Government will explore heat networks in the most appropriate areas within Future Wales. It has also worked with regions to develop ambition in relation to low carbon heat through energy strategies and heat will be a key the current national heat map for Wales to identify heat consumption and generation at sites across Government to update the National Government will also incorporate evidence from its work on Local Reseach Implemented Welsh Government need to identify sources of waste heat, which could be used to heat buildings. Welsh Government have supported the development of low carbon heat network projects in Cardiff and Bridgend, which have then secured UK Government funding. Action Plan. Through the plan it will futureproof manufacturing in Wales, make use of new technologies and importantly, drive down emissions. export is an important part of Plan, and the Export Action Plan sets out how it will be chieved. Export Clusters will help businesses Implemented Welsh Government will work with its manufacturing companies to develop a true circular economy within Wales through support provided by Business Wales and Food & Drink Wales. Industrial decarbonisation clusters will play a key role in this effort. greater recycling in businesses through the introduction of the new Business Recycling Regulations in 2023 and the introduction of extended producer responsibility for packaging in 2024 (which will also secure an increase in the recycling of business-to-business packaging). Planned Remaining competitive, resource efficient and energy efficient are a key component of Welsh Governments business support programmes, including Business Wales, and Food and Drink Wales. Businesses will also be able to more closely monitor their wastes, helping them to reduce and recycle more, through the introduction of a mandatory waste tracking system, including the specific reporting of food

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) entrepreneurs, micro-businesses opportunities and take proactive steps to realise the business benefits of resource and energy efficiency, as well as joining a growing community of forward-thinking organisations working towards a zero carbon uture. prioritise the decarbonisation all to action, where Welsh Government are looking for applications that enable more of the business base to become carbon light or free. Implemented The Economy Futures Fund (EFF), which is discretionary and demand led, was established in May 2018 by consolidating a number of existing funding streams into one fund. As part of the EFF application process, businesses that wish to apply for support must set out how their investment proposal addresses one of the five Calls to Action outlined in the Governments ongoing development of retrofit policy and practice fiscal Implemented The ORP seeks to understand the best value combination of fabric, space and water heating improvements for individual properties and set out a route to net zero for each home. This draws on the principles set out in the Better Homes, Better Wales, Better World report Welsh Government will continue landlords in meeting the new WHQS standard. Drawing on evidence from ORP the new WHQS 2022 standard will focus on Fabric First principles and seek to bring all social housing as close as feasible to EPC A or fiscal Implemented The new standard will require the achievement of both affordable warmth and decarbonisation of homes, with a target date of 2033. It will also andate a process and route map for each social landlord to achieve the standard. By 2023 a PAS 2035 survey (the Publicly Available pecification that lays out a consistent assessment for energy retrofit measures) and a clear plan for individual homes will be required. Part L of the Building Regulations conservation of fuel and power. It is Welsh Governments primary tool for raising minimum standards for new build housing and conversions. regulatory Implemented Welsh Government have published its response to the 2020 review of Part L for new homes setting out our decision to introduce a 37% reduction (compared with current standards) in carbon emissions for new dwellings from 2022. On 20th May Welsh Government implemented changes to Part L of the Building Regulations, which will come into force in November 2022 and will deliver a significant reduction in carbon emissions. Welsh Government will make further changes to energy efficiency in Building Regulations in 2025 raising the bar to require new homes to produce a minimum of 75% less CO than ones built to current requirements.
Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) commitment in its Programnme for Government (PfG) and it will build 20,000 low carbon, social homes fiscal Implemented Welsh Government consulted on new, higher DQR standards in 2020 and published the outcome of that consultation in July 2021. The revised standards will be effective from 1st October 2021 and will drive change beyond the While Part L sets the standard for what needs to be achieved in the construction of new build homes, invested £145m in the Innovative Housing Programme (IHP) over the last four years to work out how to fiscal Implemented Welsh Government are now mainstreaming the lessons learned in our affordable housing capital programmes to ensure the best practices identified becomes the default way we build Homes purchased using a Help to Buy Wales (HtBW) loan are market homes; they are not specifically market homes meet new standards. fiscal Implemented HtBW allows eligible pur new-build homes with assistance from Welsh Government in the form of a shared equity loan. These homes must meet any terms and Government and so offer an opportunity to Living (SL) initiative provides early support to develop place-based and innovative solutions to supply Implemented The SL inititaive aims to make life more efficient, more controllable, economically productive, integrated and sustainable by using smart technologies to reduce demand for energy and associated greenhouse gas emissions for Welsh Government will continue to invest in specific behaviour change research relating to low carbon living Implemented Welsh Government will invest £350,000 with University College London over the next 2 years to understand pull and push factors to win hearts and minds about having low carbon measures installed in homes. It will look to secure a further £600,000 to examine how residents with heat pumps can benefit from its long-term ambition to enable around 30% of Welsh workers to work remotely, at or near to home, on a regular basis beyond Covid. Implemented This will be achieved by helping to give more people the choice to work in a way that helps their productivity as well as As fewer car miles are driven in peak periods, it is likely that there will be additional benefits in terms of reduced noise, air

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Welsh Government are continuing active travel routes and facilities to help local authorities create routes. It has an ambition to invest significantly in active travel between Fiscal Implemented This funding will deliver very significant increases in the quantity and quality of cycling and walking routes and infrastructure by investment in area-wide networks of better, safer cycling tracks – physically separated from traffic, including hub-and-spoke networks linking villages to towns in rural areas. For example, this could include support for workplace travel schemes that incentivise cycling and walking, funding to secure all weather cycle parking at railway stations, investment in public bike hire and e-bike hire schemes and campaigns to encourage more Transport, Cross Cutting Information to take significant action in both bus and rail as the core network of services, as well as embracing public transport a more attractive, practical and affordable alternative Fiscal Implemented Enabling people to switch from private cars to lower carbon modes of travel will be important to meet near term carbon budgets. This will be enabled by developing an integrated, multi-modal public transport system, which results in a seamless and effortless Transport, Cross Cutting Information The Welsh Governments Electric approach to EV charging will ensure that the charging infrastructure in Wales is on a par with the best in fiscal Implemented Improvements in this area will not be driven by government alone and we will need to work closely with partners across the public, private and third sectors in developing the infrastructure needed to give people confidence Transport, Cross Cutting Information committed to deliver on our targets to decarbonise the bus fleet. We will also reform the Bus Services Support Grant (BSSG) to encourage the decarbonisation of the bus fleet and continue to allocate funds, addition, legislative provisions which support the decarbonisation of the Implemented We estimate that delivery of the 2028 zero emission bus target will result in cumulative carbon savings of 1.32 MtCO2e between now and 2040. This assumes increased bus miles associated with improved service and additional bus mode share, which will be achieved through actions outlined in the above section on demand reduction and mode shift. Transport, Cross Cutting Information Welsh Government have committed to deliver a zero tailpipe emission taxi and private hire fleet by 2028. fiscal Implemented Reducing emissions from taxi and private hire vehicles will contribute to improving air quality in our towns and cities as well as contributing to

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Transport, Cross Cutting Information programme of OLE electrification in Wales is recommended to form the backbone of the rail network, technologies where not feasible. fiscal Implemented A comprehensive programme to introduce new train fleets across the Wales and Borders routes is underway. This will include electric/ battery Stadler fleets for the core valley lines services and new diesel fleet which is expected to be in the region of 20% more efficient than Land Use and waste Information Whilst the Water Resources (Control of Agricultural Pollution) (Wales) developed primarily to prevent the pollution of watercourses, the Regulations are also a key Regulatory Implemented The Water Resources (Control of Agricultural Pollution) (Wales) Regulations 2021 came into force on 1 April 2021.
The Regulations include transitional periods and will be fully implemented by 1 August 2024 and apply Glastir Agriculture Information Glastir is the current five year payment for the delivery of specific environmental goods and services and contributes towards tackling Fiscal Implemented The main aims of the Glastir scheme are to reduce the impacts of climate change within agriculture and reverse biodiversity loss, whilst improving water, air and soil quality. Whilst the majority of Glastir Advanced contracts expire in December 2021, any remaining contracts will A total of £40m was made available Fiscal Implemented Grants of up to £12,000 were available to buy equipment to support farm efficiencies such as animal handling, energy efficiency, storage and management of nutrients – all of which contribute to lowering on farm emissions. capital investments in equipment pre-identified to specifically and improve water, soil and air quality by reducing the impacts Fiscal Implemented A total of £22m was made available through the last three rounds of the SPG, with the last funding window having closed in March 2021. Land Use and waste Information plan for continuing and lasting helping to protect public health goal is for all livestock farms Planning as an integral part of Implemented Improving the health status of farmed animals can significantly reduce their carbon footprint, particularly when managed alongside actions to optimise feeding and breeding of animals for longevity – health benefits accrue most if animals are correctly fed,

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Land Use and waste Information crucial to the red meat sector’s future competitiveness, success and sustainability. From farm to fork, the projects contribute to an efficient red meat industry, leading to less wastage and therefore a emitted from the supply chain. Implemented Hybu Cig Cymru are delivering the five year, £9.2m Red Meat Development Programme funded by the EU Rural Development Programme, which comes to an end in 2023. Identifying optimal genetics is crucial for the long term sustainable objective for improving the overall performance of any farming business, and offers both economic and environmental benefits enabling lambs to reach market specification sooner and with less inputs, thus improving a farm £6.5m, five year programme (2014- 2020) delivered by the Agricultural distinct projects, Herd Advance and Strategic Dairy Farms which aim to increase the performance, Implemented Healthy animals help protect the productivity and production levels of farmers, reduce capital losses, minimise negative trade impacts as well as reducing pollution and CO2 emissions. With funding available until 2023, AHDB Dairy will embark on several additional work Contracted from October 2015 until is a £28m programme, providing subsidised independent, tailored business support and technical an element of the wider Farming advice on how to achieve optimum results from livestock, which in turn Implemented Outcomes from projects and trials are shared widely to raise awareness amongst famers of the importance of emission reduction activities, changing behaviours and improving farming practices. Also available through Farming Connect is the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Interactive Farm – a tool developed to demonstrate different examples of how a typical Welsh farm could reduce its greenhouse gas emissions (demonstrated as carbon dioxide equivalents, CO2e) while also increasing profitability (either through saving money Welsh Government will introduce the Agriculture Bill to create a new system of farm support that will maximise the protective power of Regulatory Implemented It is proposed that this new system will reward farmers who take action to meet the challenges of responding to the climate and nature emergencies, supporting them to produce food We will also seek to replace the time limited powers in the Agriculture Act 2020 which we took to provide continuity and some much needed stability for our farmers as we

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) financial and advisory – which will be targeted at outcomes not currently rewarded by the market. It is proposed the fundamental Payment Scheme will be the level of payment being linked to the outcomes delivered by a farmer through undertaking a range of Planned The proposal is to go beyond an income foregone/costs incurred model and reflect the value of environmental goods provided through future payments. It is also proposed outcomes from existing good practice requiring continued maintenance should be recognised and rewarded as well as creation of new outcomes. This will ensure active farmers who are working to benefit the environment are supported. announced a package of support worth over £227 million over the next three financial years to support the resilience of the rural economy Funding will be made available for a transitional scheme to provide financial support to farmers who are converting their operations to organic farming. The Horticulture Development Scheme (the indicative budget allocation for this application window, between 4 April and 27 May, is £1.5m) and Horticulture Start Up Schemes (an Expression of interest window for the new Horticulture Start Up scheme will open on 23 May 2022 and close on 25 June 2022) are part of the transition scheme package. Additional investment in the rural economy will be announced over the next three years, as we continue the transition to the Sustainable Farming Scheme, promoting the sustainable production of food, and support the rural economy on the path to a net zero, Land Use, Cross cutting Information Over the next five years we plan to create 30 new woodlands and of the National Forest. This year we will consult on the long term strategy, organisational principles, delivery and funding models for Implemented The National Forest will be made up both of woodlands on Welsh Government land and those planted by others, and will require a range of interventions and actions to create.
In part it will be funded through existing woodland support schemes, and the woodland creation scheme. However, it will also require standalone delivery and funding mechanisms to enhance and deliver areas of woodland that would The scheme will provide payments to landowners to plant trees in Wales over the next two years. applications for this funding and ensure the full budget is spent. Fiscal Implemented The Welsh Government currently funds woodland creation through the Glastir Woodland Creation scheme, which provides grants to farmers and land managers to support planting of woodlands. In 2020 the Welsh Government allocated £17m to woodland creation through the Glastir Woodland Creation scheme – the largest

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) Wales’ first national peatland action progamme (NPAP) outlines a plan of action to be taken over the next five years with six priority themes. The programme will target need of restoration with the aim of delivering 600-800 hectares of Implemented Welsh Government has allocated £1.5m for year 1, with a further £1m per annum for the remaining 4 years. Works began in September 2020. In addition, from July 2021 Welsh Government funded NRW to establish a National Peatland Team in NRW to Welsh Government intends for the new sustainable farming scheme to provide payments to farmers who choose to deliver positive benefits Fiscal Planned This support will build upon the progress which will be made under the new woodland creation funding scheme over the next four years. Welsh Government also want to support farmers in planting ‘hedges and edges’. It will develop and implement mechanisms to improve support for this ahead of the Sustainable Farming Scheme being introduced. The Timber Industrial Strategy will seek to identify priority interventions across the timber supply chain Planned We will take action to increase the supply of timber available for long-life uses, including graded structural timber. We will publish the For Carbon Budget 2, as part of our action to reduce landfill overall we will halve the amount of avoidable landfilling of biodegradable waste in Implemented We have been on a trajectory of reducing landfill in Wales and this will continue. We are now targeting wastes which contribute the most emissions, such as food. By significantly reducing food waste and increasing the recycling of any biodegradable waste generated (for example through anaerobic digestion), we can reduce the damaging methane emissions caused by burying it in landfill. Anaerobic digestion also has the added benefit of generating renewable energy, thus contributing to renewable energy generation targets and Recycling Strategy highlights how it will strive to achieve the highest rates of recycling in the world. For Carbon Budget 2, this means it will achieve at least a 70% recycling rate for all major waste streams (household, industrial, Implemented Actions will link with specific action in other emission sectors, such as the new recycling regulations for non-domestic premises, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) scheme for packaging and

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.) launched the Be Mighty Campaign small but important changes in Implemented The campaign was co-developed and delivered in conjunction with local authorities as a coordinated national and local campaign, receiving significant traditional and All operational landfills in Wales have been required to capture and utilise landfill gas since 1999. In Wales, this is implemented through the Environmental Permitting (England Planned These regulations mean that landfill sites need to control the gas generated on their sites and must collect, treat it and use it in a way that minimises environmental damage. This includes the requirement to flare gas which cannot be used to produce energy. As current methane capture and reporting systems are variable in their effectiveness, we will work with NRW within this budget period to improve the controls and reporting around the release of landfill gas from operational landfills. All public sector organisations Reporting Guide to develop and publish plans by March 2023 to achieve a collective Net Zero public Implemented All public sector organisations should use the Routemap and Reporting Guide to develop and publish plans by March 2023 to achieve a collective Net Zero public sector by 2030. The Welsh Government’s plan to achieve net zero as an organisation Implemented The Welsh Government’s plan to achieve net zero as an organisation by 2030 will be The Welsh Government to include in our remit letters and sponsor Implemented The Welsh Government to include Net Zero Wales commitments in our remit letters and sponsor arrangements with public a mandatory part of tenders for appropriate public procurement contracts and prioritise products which are fully recyclable, multi-use or able to be re-purposed as part of a more circular approach to waste. Planned Make Carbon Reduction Plans a mandatory part of tenders for appropriate public procurement contracts and prioritise products which are fully recyclable, multi-use or able to be re-purposed as part of a more circular All new public sector cars and light goods vehicles should be zero/ultra- low emission by 2025 and heavy Implemented All new public sector cars and light goods vehicles should be zero/ultra-low emission by

Sectors affected GHG affected Objective and or activity affected Type of Brief Description Start Year of Estimate of mitigation impact by gas (for a particular year, not cumulative in ktCO2 eq.)
All public sector organisations sequestration potential of land in their ownership by March 2023 and commit to taking action to realise Implemented All public sector organisations should understand the sequestration potential of land in their ownership by March 2023 and commit to taking action to realise this potential the collective net zero ambition Implemented NHS Wales is committed to the collective net zero ambition by 2030 delivering through the NHS Decarbonisation Strategic Delivery Plan A joint NHS Wales and LG Social should be created to support the achievement of a collective net Implemented A joint NHS Wales and LG Social Care Decarbonisation Plan should be created to support the achievement of a collective net Decarbonisation Strategy Panel Implemented The Local Government Decarbonisation Strategy Panel and WLGA will support the commitments made by Local Government organisations to meet the collective net zero

Contribution from LULUCFd Quantity of units from market Yearc (kt CO2 eq) (kt CO2 eq) (number of units) (kt CO2 eq) (number of units) (kt CO2 eq) Base year/period (1990) 797,015.7664 GHG = greenhouse gas, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry. a Reporting by a developed country Party on the information specified in the common tabular format does not prejudge the position of other Parties with regard to the treatment of units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention or other market-based mechanisms towards achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets. b For the base year, information reported on the emission reduction target shall include the (a) total GHG emissions, excluding emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector; (b) emissions and/ or removals from the LULUCF sector based on the accounting approach applied taking into consideration any relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and the activities and/or land that will be accounted for; (c) total GHG emissions, including emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector. For each reported year, information reported on progress made towards the emission reduction targets shall include, in addition to the information noted in paragraphs 9(a– c) of the UNFCCC biennial reporting guidelines for developed country Parties, information on the use of units from market-based mechanisms. c Parties may add additional rows for years other than those specified below. Progress in achievement of the quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets – further information on mitigation actions relevant to the counting of emissions and removals from the land use, land-use change and forestry sector in relation to activities under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Base yeard Net emissions/removals Accounting 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total g A.1. Afforestation/reforestation -1,245.82 -1,626.22 -1,941.92 -2,316.96 -2,650.69 -2,919.63 -3,210.45 -3,526.63 -19,438.33 -19,438.33 Excluded emissions from natural Excluded subsequent removals from land subject to natural disturbances(6) A.2. Deforestation 1,561.97 1,581.81 2,172.31 2,017.33 1,846.95 2,359.77 2,769.59 2,250.26 16,559.99 16,559.99 B.1. Forest management -137,814.09 2,993.91 Net emissions/removalse -18,868.92 -18,583.07 -17,972.23 -17,593.69 -17,119.52 -16,380.05 -15,800.63 -15,495.98 -137,814.09 Excluded emissions from natural Excluded subsequent removals from land subject to natural disturbances(6) Any debits from newly established forest Forest management reference level (FMRL)(9) -8,268.00 Technical corrections to FMRL(10) -9,333.00 Forest management capl 224,824.68 2,993.91 B.2. Cropland management (if elected) 16,693.63 15,948.35 15,920.39 15,836.57 15,889.88 15,952.62 15,890.87 15,896.22 15,949.41 127,284.32 -6,264.63 B.3. Grazing land management (if elected) 3,988.78 2,916.70 2,865.19 2,687.24 2,784.06 2,663.77 2,597.01 2,438.93 2,474.67 21,427.56 -10,482.65 B.4. Revegetation (if elected) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA B.5. Wetland drainage and rewetting 286.44 225.58 225.38 224.69 223.38 223.03 210.71 210.36 204.59 1,747.71 -543.78

1 kt CO2 eq equals 1 Gg CO2 eq. CRF = common reporting format, LULUCF = land use, land-use change and forestry. Reporting by a developed country Party on the information specified in the common tabular format does not pr ejudge the position of other Parties with regard to the treatment of units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention or other market-based mechanisms towards achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets. Developed country Parties with a quantified economy-wide emission r eduction target as communicated to the secretariat and contained in document FCCC/SB/2011/INF.1/Rev.1 or any update to that eferences to the relevant parts of the national inventory report, where accounting methodologies regarding LULUCF are further described in the documentation box or in the biennial reports. emovals in the Party’s base year, as established by decision 9/CP .2. elevant years should be added, if applicable. Cumulative net emissions and r emovals for all years of the commitment period reported in the current submission. The values in the cells “3.3 of fset” and “Forest management cap” are absolute values. The accounting quantity is the total quantity of units to be added to or subtracted fr om a Party’s assigned amount for a particular activity in accordance with the provisions of Article 7, paragraph 4, of the Kyoto dance with paragraph 4 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, debits resulting from harvesting during the first commitment period following afforestation and reforestation since 1990 shall not be greater than the credits accounted for on that unit of land.
dance with paragraph 10 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, for the first commitment period a Party included in Annex I that incurs a net source of emissions under the provisions of Article 3 paragraph 3, may account for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in areas under forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, up to a level that is equal to the net source of emissions under the provisions of Article 3, paragraph 3, but not greater than 9.0 megatonnes of carbon times five, if the total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the managed forest since 1990 is equal to, or larger than, the net source of emissions incurred under Article 3, paragraph 3. dance with paragraph 11 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol only, additions to and subtractions from the assigned amount of a Party resulting from Forest management under Article 3, paragraph 4, after the application of paragraph 10 of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1 and resulting from forest management project activities undertaken under Article 6, shall not exceed the value inscribed in the appendix of the annex to decision 16/CMP .1, times five. Section 11 of the UK national inventory report has further details on accounting methodologies. LULUCF is not covered by the joint EU quantified economy-wide emission target therefore this sector is not accounted for in the assessment of progress towards achievement of the target. Units of market based mechanisms Year Kyoto Protocol units (number of units) Units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention (number of units) NA NA Units from other market-based mechanisms (number of units) NA NA AAUs = assigned amount units, CERs = certified emission reductions, ERUs = emission reduction units, lCERs = long-term certified emission reductions, tCERs = temporary certified emission 2022 is the latest reporting year. a Reporting by a developed country Party on the information specified in the common tabular format does not prejudge the position of other Parties with regard to the treatment of units from market-based mechanisms under the Convention or other market-based mechanisms towards achievement of quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets. b For each reported year, information reported on progress made towards the emission reduction target shall include, in addition to the information noted in paragraphs 9(a-c) of the reporting guidelines, on the use of units from market-based mechanisms. c Parties may include this information, as appropriate and if relevant to their target. d Units surrendered by that Party for that year that have not been previously surrendered by that or any other Party. e Additional rows for each market-based mechanism should be added, if applicable. Summary of key variables and assumptions used in the projection analysis Key Underlying assumptions Unit 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 EU ETS carbon price EUR/EUA, 2019 prices NO NO NO 23.48 16.88 15.00 8.35 4.96 6.50 8.33 26.50 31.81 50.12 52.19 52.19 Electricity generation carbon price - includes Carbon EUR/EUA, 2019 prices NO NO NO 23.48 16.88 15.00 8.35 9.80 17.87 32.15 46.34 49.21 54.40 60.00 63.36 Pound Sterling to Euro exchange rate EUR per GBP 1.52 1.52 1.64 1.46 1.17 1.15 1.23 1.18 1.24 1.38 1.12 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.20 Pound Sterling to US Dollars exchange rate USD per GBP 1.79 1.58 1.52 1.82 1.55 1.60 1.59 1.56 1.65 1.53 1.32 1.39 1.45 1.50 1.50 UK GDP growth rate per cent/per annum per cent/per annum NO 2.53 3.44 3.18 1.95 1.54 1.48 2.14 2.61 2.36 1.45 1.85 2.27 2.23 2.26 Crude oil - Brent 1 month GBP/bbl, 2019 prices 23.44 16.86 27.07 38.54 60.77 79.28 79.19 76.77 65.41 37.60 43.04 48.85 54.63 60.00 60.00 Coal - CIF ARA GBP/tonne, 2019 prices 43.25 44.39 34.42 43.07 70.19 87.44 65.99 58.06 49.84 39.88 48.36 49.13 50.29 51.37 51.37 Gas - NBP GBP/MWh, 2019 prices NE NE 8.68 18.15 17.00 22.09 23.05 25.74 18.60 15.75 16.04 18.08 20.13 21.84 21.84 Number of households millions 22.64 23.51 24.32 25.23 26.17 26.35 26.54 26.72 26.95 27.17 28.17 29.13 30.06 30.94 31.77 Population thousands 57,238 58,025 58,886 60,413 62,760 63,285 63,705 64,106 64,597 65,110 67,255 68,928 70,370 71,589 72,688 NE = not estimated, NO = not occurring.
Information on updated greenhouse gas projections under a ‘with existing measures’ scenario GHG Emissions & Removals3 GHG Projections4 Sector Base Year1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Energy Supply2 280,729 280,729 238,810 224,191 232,663 208,777 146,600 85,333 62,007 61,566 62,216 64,254 Business2 113,444 113,444 111,140 113,636 105,628 89,768 83,449 74,128 60,611 55,190 52,702 53,797 Industrial Processes2 60,413 60,413 51,405 27,489 20,988 12,847 12,718 9,550 9,388 8,946 8,668 8,493 Transport2 129,552 129,552 131,002 134,849 137,705 126,026 124,888 99,779 112,970 102,664 91,534 85,018 Residential2 80,387 80,387 81,962 89,403 86,185 87,942 67,628 66,649 68,130 70,705 73,761 77,719 Public2 13,325 13,325 13,154 12,077 11,171 9,515 7,983 7,441 8,207 8,663 8,951 9,367 Agriculture2 54,078 54,078 53,441 51,246 49,255 45,888 46,544 45,118 48,417 47,965 47,994 48,148 LULUCF2 13,182 13,182 10,822 8,295 5,455 3,739 3,194 3,769 -8,016 -5,371 -2,564 -493 Waste2 65,088 65,088 67,784 61,410 47,653 28,635 19,455 17,758 15,857 15,075 14,771 14,757 CO2 Emissions including Net CO2 from LULUCF 608,633 608,633 570,572 571,096 569,771 509,773 419,723 324,026 303,080 296,021 291,087 294,747 CO2 excluding Net CO2 from LULUCF 602,652 602,652 566,852 569,744 571,127 512,736 423,163 326,921 312,822 303,181 295,511 297,143 CH4 Emissions including Net CH4 from LULUCF 134,568 134,568 128,521 111,136 90,137 67,242 55,835 51,637 45,954 44,150 43,462 43,282 CH4 excluding Net CH4 from LULUCF 129,825 129,825 123,791 106,418 85,388 62,459 51,023 46,760 45,924 44,123 43,439 43,264 N2O Emissions including Net N2O from LULUCF 49,747 49,747 40,023 30,194 26,191 23,115 22,173 21,084 20,593 20,265 20,187 20,109 N2O excluding Net N2O from LULUCF 47,289 47,289 37,650 27,969 24,128 21,195 20,351 19,298 18,898 18,504 18,350 18,224 HFCs 14,401 14,401 18,570 7,797 9,195 12,072 14,056 12,209 7,093 4,078 2,365 1,990 PFCs 1,649 1,649 589 572 392 280 269 160 371 371 371 371 Total with LULUCF 810,198 810,198 759,520 722,596 696,703 613,137 512,460 409,524 377,570 365,402 358,032 361,059 Total without LULUCF 797,016 797,016 748,698 714,301 691,248 609,399 509,266 405,755 385,586 370,773 360,597 361,552 2. UK National Communication sectors 3. GHG Emissions and Removals reported for UNFCCC coverage from UK 1990-2020 GHG Inventory 4. Projections modelling includes trend data from UK 1990-2018 GHG Inventory

Information on updated greenhouse gas projections under a ‘with additional measures’ scenario GHG Emissions & Removals3 GHG Projections4 Sector Base Year1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Energy Supply2 280,729 280,729 238,810 224,191 232,663 208,777 146,600 85,333 61,473 57,423 55,128 53,655 Business2 113,444 113,444 111,140 113,636 105,628 89,768 83,449 74,128 60,512 55,070 52,579 53,667 Industrial Processes2 60,413 60,413 51,405 27,489 20,988 12,847 12,718 9,550 9,384 8,943 8,664 8,489 Transport2 129,552 129,552 131,002 134,849 137,705 126,026 124,888 99,779 112,969 102,651 91,512 84,982 Residential2 80,387 80,387 81,962 89,403 86,185 87,942 67,628 66,649 68,130 70,705 73,761 77,719 Public2 13,325 13,325 13,154 12,077 11,171 9,515 7,983 7,441 8,207 8,663 8,951 9,367 Agriculture2 54,078 54,078 53,441 51,246 49,255 45,888 46,544 45,118 48,416 47,964 47,993 48,147 LULUCF2 13,182 13,182 10,822 8,295 5,455 3,739 3,194 3,769 -8,016 -5,371 -2,564 -493 Waste2 65,088 65,088 67,784 61,410 47,653 28,635 19,455 17,758 15,655 14,281 13,250 12,715 CO2 Emissions including Net CO2 from LULUCF 608,633 608,633 570,572 571,096 569,771 509,773 419,723 324,026 302,443 291,746 283,854 283,983 CO2 excluding Net CO2 from LULUCF 602,652 602,652 566,852 569,744 571,127 512,736 423,163 326,921 312,184 298,905 288,277 286,379 CH4 Emissions including Net CH4 from LULUCF 134,568 134,568 128,521 111,136 90,137 67,242 55,835 51,637 45,752 43,354 41,938 41,238 CH4 excluding Net CH4 from LULUCF 129,825 129,825 123,791 106,418 85,388 62,459 51,023 46,760 45,721 43,327 41,916 41,220 N2O Emissions including Net N2O from LULUCF 49,747 49,747 40,023 30,194 26,191 23,115 22,173 21,084 20,592 20,263 20,185 20,106 N2O excluding Net N2O from LULUCF 47,289 47,289 37,650 27,969 24,128 21,195 20,351 19,298 18,898 18,501 18,348 18,221 HFCs 14,401 14,401 18,570 7,797 9,195 12,072 14,056 12,209 7,093 4,078 2,365 1,990 PFCs 1,649 1,649 589 572 392 280 269 160 371 371 371 371 Total with LULUCF 810,198 810,198 759,520 722,596 696,703 613,137 512,460 409,524 376,730 360,328 349,274 348,248 Total without LULUCF 797,016 797,016 748,698 714,301 691,248 609,399 509,266 405,755 384,746 365,699 351,838 348,741 2. UK National Communication sectors 3. GHG Emissions and Removals reported for UNFCCC coverage from UK 1990-2020 GHG Inventory 4. Projections modelling includes trend data from UK 1990-2018 GHG Inventory

Provision of public financial summary information in 2019 2019 Domestic currency (£m) USD ($m) Allocation channels Core/general Climate-specific Core/general Climate-specific Other Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Other Total contributions through multilateral Multilateral climate change funds 25 12.38 12.38 31.93 15.81 15.81 Other multilateral climate change funds 166.50 4.79 212.64 6.11 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development banks 1,146.25 0.01 1,463.92 0.01 Specialised United Nations bodies 112.92 3.17 144.21 4.08 Total contributions through bilateral, regional and other channels 523.32 461.07 668.35 588.85 Total climate specific by funding type (total for mitigation, adaptation, crosscutting, other) 1,284.17 702.20 473.45 7.96 1,640.06 896.81 604.66 10.20 Total climate specific finance 1,183.61 1,511.67 2019 Exchange rate $1 = £0.783 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries) Provision of information on definitions or methodologies used for reporting information in the following reporting 1: Core/general The UK has reported the core contributions it has made to the listed multilaterals, plus some other contributions. These contributions are to the core budget and the UK cannot specify these as 2: Climate-specific The UK has reported climate specific contributions through multilateral channels. For the Clean Technology Fund, we have counted 100% of our contribution as climate specific. For the Global Environment Facility, this has a wider remit than climate and therefore have accounted for this in the amount scored as climate specific. For the purposes of reporting we have scored these climate specific contributions as split 50% adaption and 50% mitigation. Our contributions through other channels are identfied as climate specific as they are assessed as having clear climate change objectives. Building on the provision of £3.87 billion in International Climate Finance (ICF) between 2011/12- 2015/16, the UK committed to further scale up climate finance to at least £5.8 billion between 2016/17-2020/21.
Since parties to the UNFCCC committed to providing new and additional fast-start finance from 2010, the scale up in climate finance has been accompanied by a significant scale up in UK ODA from £7.3 billion in 2009 to £15.2 billion in 2019. UK Climate Finance committments therefore represents a new, dedicated climate commitment which is additional to historic ODA levels. We have furthered this commitment through an announcement made in 2019 of £11.6bn in ICF from 2021-2025. The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘committed’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to the note’s recipient. 4: Funding source The UK has reported annual spend from its ODA budget that it has assessed as having clear climate change objectives. 5: Financial instrument The UK has provided the majority of it's climate finance via grants. The exceptions to this are five bilateral contributions that are marked as equity, one bilateral contribution marked as equity/grant and one bilateral contribution marked as a loan. The spend for these instruments is accounted for in accordance with OECD-DAC requirements. 6: Type of support All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals. We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the 7: Sector The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the year. Provision of public financial summary information in 2020 2020 Domestic currency (£m) USD ($m) Allocation channels Core/general Climate-specific Core/general Climate-specific Other Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Other Total contributions through multilateral Multilateral climate change funds 62.5 243.75 243.75 80.12820513 312.5 312.5 0 Other multilateral climate change funds 33.5 1 42.94871795 1.28 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development banks 1,242.38 1,592.79 Specialised United Nations bodies 87.84 2.81 112.62 3.602564103 Total contributions through bilateral, regional and other channels 424.30 379.52 543.974359 486.56 Total climate specific by funding type (total for mitigation, adaptation, crosscutting, other) 701.55 623.27 3.81 899.42 799.06 4.88 Total climate specific finance 1328.63 1703.37 2020 Exchange rate $1 = £0.780 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries) Provision of information on definitions or methodologies used for reporting information in the following reporting 1: Core/general The UK has reported the core contributions it has made to the listed multilaterals, plus some other contributions. These contributions are to the core budget and the UK cannot specify these as 2: Climate-specific The UK has reported climate specific contributions through multilateral channels. For the Green Climate Fund, we have counted 100% of our contribution as climate specific. For the Global Environment Facility, this has a wider remit than climate and therefore have accounted for this in the amount scored as climate specific. For the purposes of reporting we have scored these climate specific contributions as split 50% adaption and 50% mitigation. Our contributions through other channels are identfied as climate specific as they are assessed as having clear climate change objectives. Building on the provision of £3.87 billion in International Climate Finance (ICF) between 2011/12- 2015/16, the UK committed to further scale up climate finance to at least £5.8 billion between 2016/17-2020/21. We have furthered this commitment through an announcement made in 2019 of £11.6bn in ICF from 2021-2025. The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘committed’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to the note’s recipient. 4: Funding source The UK has reported annual spend from its ODA budget that it has assessed as having clear climate change objectives. 5: Financial instrument The UK has provided the majority of it's climate finance via grants. The exceptions to this are two bilateral contributions that are marked as equity, one bilateral contribution marked as equity/grant and one bilateral contribution marked as a loan. The spend for these instruments is accounted for in accordance with OECD-DAC requirements. 6: Type of support All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals. We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the 7: Sector The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the year. Provision of public financial contribution through multilateral channels in 2019 Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, Multilateral climate change funds 1. Global Environment Facility 25.00 31.93 12.38 15.81 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Unspecified 2. Least Developed Countries Fund 12.38 15.81 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Unspecified 3. Special Climate Change Fund 6. UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities 7. Other multilateral climate change funds i) Global Green Growth Insitute 4.79 6.11 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified ii) Climate Investment Funds- Clean Technology Fund 166.50 212.64 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Unspecified Sub-total 25.00 31.93 196.05 250.38 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional 1. World Bank 959.43 1,225.32 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified 2. International Finance Corporation 3.
African Development Bank 154.12 196.83 0.01 0.01 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 4. Asian Development Bank 27.50 35.12 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified 5. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 6. Inter-American Development Bank 0.70 0.89 7. Other 4.50 5.75 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified Sub-total 1,146.25 1,463.92 0.01 0.01

Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, Specialised United Nations bodies 1. United Nations Development Programme 55.00 70.24 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified 2. United Nations Environment Programme 3. Other 57.92 73.97 3.17 4.04 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified Sub-total 112.92 144.22 3.17 4.04 Total 1,284.17 1,640.06 199.22 254.43 ODA = official development assistance, OOF = other official flows, USD = United States dollars. Provision of public financial contribution through multilateral channels in 2020 Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, Multilateral climate change funds 1. Global Environment Facility 62.5 80.13 37.50 48.08 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting* Unspecified 2. Least Developed Countries Fund 3. Special Climate Change Fund 5. Green Climate Fund 450.00 576.92 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting* Unspecified 6. UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities 7. Other multilateral climate change funds i) Global Green Growth Insitute 1.00 1.28 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified ii) Climate Investment Funds - Clean Technology Fund 33.50 42.95 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Unspecified iii) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification General Fund Assessed Contribution 0.31 0.40 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified Multilateral financial institutions, including regional 1. World Bank 981.53 1258.37 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 2. International Finance Corporation 3. African Development Bank 188.10 241.15 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 4. Asian Development Bank 27.50 35.26 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 5. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, 6. Inter-American Development Bank 0.70 0.90 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified i) Caribbean Development Bank 4.50 5.77 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified ii) International Financial Institutions 40.00 51.28 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified Sub-total 1,242.33 1,592.73 0.00 0.00 Specialised United Nations bodies 1. United Nations Development Programme 55.00 70.51 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified 2. United Nations Environment Programme 2.5 3.21 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified i) Food and Agriculture Organisation 15.65 20.06 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified ii) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 12.19 15.63 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified iii) World Health Organisation 5.00 6.41 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified Total 1,330.17 1,592.73 524.81 672.83 * We will split this spend as 50% mitigation and 50% adaptation. ODA = official development assistance, OOF = other official flows, USD = United States dollars. Provision of public financial contribution through bilateral, regional and other channels 2019 Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 203444 CDC Programme of Support in Africa 179.85 229.69 Committed ODA Equity Mitigation Banking & To enable CDC to scale up its activity of investing and lending to support the building of businesses in developing countries, to create jobs and make a lasting difference to people’s lives in some of the world’s poorest places. CDC is FCDO’s main vehicle for investing in private companies in Africa and South Asia. CDC encourages capital investments, including in renewable energy, from other private investors by being a first mover, demonstrating to other investors that commercial returns are possible in these frontier markets, and by sharing risk and expertise. The additional equity from FCDO will enable CDC to meet demand for capital in its target markets and allow CDC to sustain a higher volume of more developmental investments across priority regions and business sectors. Geography over programme Multiple countries 300751 Global Risk Financing Facility [GRIF] 35.00 44.70 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster To save lives and reduce the impacts of shocks, like droughts, hurricanes and floods through enabling earlier and more effective response and faster recovery. It provides finance to support governments and humanitarian agencies to use risk financing instruments, like insurance and contingent credit, to access more rapid finance in emergencies, and to strengthen preparedness of local systems for disaster response and recovery. It will focus on disasters, but will develop over time to cover a wider range of risks, including famine. Geography over programme Jamaica, Malawi 14.23 18.18 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Forestry A global programme supporting governance and market reforms aimed at reducing the illegal use of forest resources, benefitting poor forest-dependent people and promoting sustainable growth in developing countries. Geography over programme Indonesia, Ghana, Liberia, Dem. Rep. of Congo, Guyana, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Vietnam, Laos, Gabon, Central African Republic 14.23 18.18 Committed Mitigation

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 300363 Building Resilience in Ethiopia (BRE) 28.23 36.06 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Emergency To build Ethiopia’s resilience to climate and humanitarian shocks by seeking to support the Government of Ethiopia to lead an effective and accountable humanitarian response system. It will have four key Providing technical assistance to the Government of Ethiopia to lead and deliver an effective and accountable humanitarian response , delivering food and cash to people in humanitarian need in the most effective way, respond to emergency humanitarian needs in the most effective way and monitoring, evaluation and learning to strengthen humanitarian delivery in Ethiopia.
Geography over programme Ethiopia 203842 Managing Climate Risks for Urban Poor 24.12 30.80 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Urban This programme will help cities plan for and invest in reducing the impacts of weather-related changes and extreme events, through a partnership with the Rockefeller foundation and the Asian Development Bank, on 2 million urban poor and vulnerable people in 25 medium-sized cities in 6 Asian countries (initially Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Indonesia) by improving planning processes so that they consider climate change risks, for developing and funding new investment and infrastructure opportunities, and for knowledge Geography over programme Asia Regional including Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Indonesia 204764 CGIAR 2017-21, Support to develop and deploy the next generation of agriculture technology to support poor farmers by the international agriculture research organisation 21.60 27.59 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To enable the CGIAR to scale up its research, contributing to the development of new crop varieties which are more productive and tolerant of biotic and abiotic stress. Development of farming systems which are more resilient, including to the effects of climate change, and more productive, the development of markets and value chains which are better able to deliver benefits to poor people and policies and technology which will directly support better nutritional and health outcomes for the poor. Geography over programme Multiple countries 2.40 3.07 Committed Mitigation

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 204270 Africa Division funding to the African Agriculture Development Company (AgDevCo) 23.13 29.54 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture AgDevCo is a specialised investor and project developer focused exclusively on early stage Small and Medium Enterprise agribusiness in Sub Saharan Africa. AgDevCo deploys patient capital and technical assistance to build profitable businesses that contribute to food security, drive economic growth and create jobs and income in rural areas and contribute to farmers’ resilience to climate change. Geography over programme Kenya, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia 21.49 27.45 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To reduce hunger, improve livelihoods and reduce the risk of famine in rural Ethiopia by (i) providing cash and food transfers, livelihoods advice and access to microfinance to 1.2 million extremely poor Ethiopians and (ii) creating local infrastructure which reverses environmental degradation and improves access to markets and basic services. 85% of participant households receive transfers as wages for labour on public works projects (including 32,000 km of hillside terraces, 3,000 km of rural roads and 400 new or expanded schools); while the remainder (the elderly, those with disabilities, and pregnant women) receive cash and / or food without a labour requirement. This programme contributes towards national and international development goals and FCDO’s own targets for reducing poverty and hunger and for building household resilience to climate change and other shocks. Geography over programme Ethiopia

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 300113 Building Resilience and adapting to 20.47 26.15 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social This programme aims to strengthen the resilience of poor households in Malawi to withstand current and projected weather and climate-related shocks and stresses. This will in turn halt the annual cycle of humanitarian crises that blights people’s lives, harms poverty reduction efforts and swallows up resources. The UK will invest up to £70 million over five years (2018-2023) to provide direct benefits to 1.7 million poor and vulnerable people in Malawi (approximately 300,000 Geography over programme Malawi 202745 Investments in Forests and 9.00 11.49 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Forestry To support public-private partnerships that demonstrate how companies, communities, smallholders and governments can work collaboratively to reduce deforestation and benefit forest Geography over programme Multiple countries including Dem. Rep. of Congo, Rep. of Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Central 9.00 11.49 Committed Mitigation 202571 Support to the Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme (GAFSP) 11.68 14.92 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To improve agricultural productivity in developing countries and to increase farmers’ access to markets whilst increasing the economic resilience of poor people globally. Geography over programme Multiple countries 3.89 4.97 Committed Mitigation

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 300418 UK-INDIA Partnership on National Investment and Infrastructure Fund -Green 15.53 19.84 Committed ODA Equity / Grant Mitigation Energy The NIIF sub-fund will use UK government finance to catalyse private sector investments from global UK investors, through the City of London to infrastructure projects in India. To help India address a key constraint to inclusive growth by boosting investment into infrastructure - which will lead to growth, job creation and poverty reduction in India. The fund is fully attributed to climate change mitigation - ie low carbon development, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The fund will primarily invest in sectors like Renewable Energy, Clean Transportation, Water Treatment, and Waste Management. The success of this intervention will lead to follow on private investment that will have a transformational impact on India’s Geography over programme India 300667 Supporting Economic Empowerment and Development in the Occupied Palestinian 7.55 9.64 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy policy This programme will focus FCDO economic development assistance in the areas of sustainable supply of water and electricity, access & movement and trade, and fiscal losses and customs. Programme activities will support institutional capacity building and infrastructure development, working closely with the Palestinian Authority and Government of Israel. The overarching goal is to support economic growth and job Geography over programme Occupied 7.55 9.64 Committed Mitigation 300143 Hunger Safety Net Programme 14.50 18.52 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To reduce poverty, hunger and vulnerability by providing 100,000 of the poorest households (approximately 600,000 people) in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid lands with cash transfers and up to an additional 250,000 households (approximately 1,250,000 people) during drought emergencies.
In addition, this final phase of the programme will ensure a transition of the Hunger Safety Net Programme to full Government of Kenya ownership and financing to guarantee the sustainability of the Geography over programme Kenya

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 202921 Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters 13.68 17.47 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General To help up to 10 million people, especially women and children, in developing countries cope with extreme climate and weather events such as droughts, cyclones and floods (climate extremes). This will be achieved by doing three things. By making grants to civil society organisations to scale up proven technologies and practices in the Sahel, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that help people withstand, and more quickly recover, from climate extremes. By identifying the best ways of doing this, and share this knowledge globally to increase the programme’s overall impact. By supporting national governments to strengthen their policies and actions to respond to climate extremes. These will all contribute to the Millennium Development Goals on the eradication poverty and hunger, and environmental sustainability, and also respond to the Humanitarian and Emergency Response Review recommendation that FCDO should integrate the threat from climate change into a Disaster Risk Reduction. Geography over programme Myanmar, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nepal, Sudan, Senegal, South Sudan, Chad, Uganda 204888 Building Resilience Through Asset Creation and Enhancement II – South Sudan 11.68 14.92 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To reduce hunger gaps, improve long-term food security and mitigate conflict among 400,000 rural poor in five states of South Sudan. By working together beneficiaries earn food or cash in return for identifying and building community assets (such as irrigation ponds). This enables communities to develop and manage their resources against extreme climate damage and shocks. This will contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 13, 15 and 16 to end poverty and hunger; take action on climate; protect life on land and; promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable Geography over programme South Sudan

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 204637 Africa Clean Energy Programme (ACE) 11.44 14.61 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy The programme will catalyse a market based approach for private sector delivery of solar home system (SHS) products and services. This will lead to improved energy access for people in sub-Saharan Africa currently who are currently without modern energy. The programme will 1) Technical assistance to improve the enabling environment for a market based approach for private sector delivery of solar home system (SHS) products and services (Policy and Regulatory Reform, investment readiness, learning and 2) Finance for businesses wanting to enter new and emerging SHS markets in sub-Saharan Africa for their start up and early 3) Test innovative approaches to stimulating private sector investment and a market development. Geography over programme Africa Regional including Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 204867 TEA - Transforming Energy Access 10.98 14.03 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Policy The project is up to £65 million over five years, to support early stage testing and scale up of innovative technologies and business models that will accelerate access to affordable, clean energy services for poor households and enterprises, especially in Africa. The programme will i) partnership with Shell Foundation, enabling support to another 30+ early stage private sector innovations. ii) Innovate UK’s Energy Catalyst to stimulate technology innovation by UK enterprises; iii) build other strategic clean energy innovation partnerships (e.g. testing a new ‘P2P Solar’ crowdfunding platform; and scoping a potential new partnership with Gates Foundation on Mission Innovation); iv) skills and expertise development. To support early stage testing and scale up of innovative technologies and business models that will accelerate access to affordable, clean energy services for poor households and enterprises, especially in Africa. Geography over programme Sub Saharan 204019 Humanitarian Assistance and Resilience in South Sudan (HARISS) 2015 - 2021 9.26 11.83 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Emergency To help approximately three million South Sudanese by providing critical life-saving support and helping people to better cope with shocks from conflict, drought and flooding. This programme aims to save the lives of an estimated two million people who will receive at least one form of humanitarian assistance; and build the capacity of an estimated one million people to recover and cope better with shocks. Over five years this programme will provide food, shelter and access to water and health services to millions of vulnerable people, including women and children. Geography over programme South Sudan

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 204624 WISER - Weather and climate Information and SERvices for Africa 7.35 9.39 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster WISER will help at least 24 million people across Africa (focusing initially on East Africa) to be more resilient to natural disasters and climate change by 2030 by improving early warning systems (giving more time to prepare for heavy rains for example) as well as helping them make better decisions by knowing what the weather and climate is likely to be (enabling them to make better crop choices or alter planting times in farming, for example). We estimate that this will save over £190 million in terms of avoided damage to health, homes, livelihoods and infrastructure between now and 2030.
The WISER programme will initially benefit the East African fishing and farming communities, as well as a wide range of African people, including young, old, men and boys and Geography over programme Africa Regional including Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi 1.84 2.35 Committed Mitigation 203272 Strengthening Health Facilities in 8.65 11.04 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Health, General To provide safer, greener health facilities to deliver care in disasters, generate operational savings and reduce Geography over programme Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St Lucia, Saint Vincent and 0.46 0.58 Committed Mitigation 205128 Somalia Humanitarian and Resilience 8.97 11.45 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster To meet the most urgent humanitarian needs of conflict and disaster affected populations through provision of life-saving assistance and contribute to resilience building of benefitting households to withstand shocks. Geography over programme Somalia

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 204012 Northern Transforming the Economy through Climate Smart 7.89 10.07 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase the resilience to climate change of poor farmers in Northern Uganda, and to increase their incomes. This will be achieved by working with agricultural businesses to supply farmers with cheaper, better and more varied agricultural inputs and services, and to create stronger markets for farmer produce. This will benefit 250,000 households in Northern Uganda, who will adopt new practices, products and markets that will make them more resilient to climate change, while 150,000 households will see measurable increases to income. This will contribute to the MDGs (and their successor targets) by reducing poverty in Uganda. Geography over programme Uganda 0.88 1.12 Committed Mitigation 203473 Productive Social Safety 8.50 10.86 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social To support the scale up of the Productive Social Safety Net which will reach 1 million households, and these households are the poorest 15%. through the provision of conditional Cash Transfers, Green Public Works and Livelihood Enhancement. This programme will aim to improve the opportunities available to the poorest communities by reducing the depth of income poverty, improving food consumption and increasing their resilience to climate-related shocks. FCDO will also support central government to develop and strengthen systems and institutions to deliver more comprehensive social protection provision that can respond to any future economic, food or Geography over programme Tanzania 203264 Building Disaster Resilience in Pakistan 8.29 10.58 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Emergency FCDO support will strengthen community and household resilience to emergencies and disasters over six years. The programme will aim to build resilience in communities and households in Pakistan to manage the impact of disasters by maintaining or transforming living standards in the face of shocks and stresses without compromising their long- Geography over programme Pakistan

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 201879 I2I - Ideas to Impact - Testing new technologies and innovative approaches to address development challenges. 3.72 4.75 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Industry I2I stimulates technological innovations addressing intractable development challenges, initially in the focal areas of energy, water and climate, and then increasingly in emerging “frontier” technologies with broader applicability. It tests different funding mechanisms and approaches - including prizes, peer-to-peer financing, Frontier Technology Livestreaming, and innovative cross-government partnerships - for ensuring technology ideas lead to a real-world development impact. Geography over programme Developing 4.55 5.81 Committed Mitigation 300230 Transboundary Water Management in 7.39 9.44 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & The project will support countries in Southern Africa to manage their shared water resources, thereby helping 2-3 million poor people to better cope with the impacts of existing climate variability and climate change (especially floods and drought). It will do this by improving assessment and planning concerning these resources, and designing and building water infrastructure such as irrigation schemes, water supply or hydropower schemes. This will help poor and vulnerable people gain access to clean and safe water, produce a predictable agricultural yield and store water for when it is needed during the dry months of the year. The programme will also help countries to communicate hydrological data between themselves – thus providing downstream countries with advance notice of floods and enabling countries to optimise how much water is stored in each country to ensure each has enough to meet their basic requirements. Geography over programme Angola, Botswana, Dem. Rep of Congo, Tanzania,Swaziland, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/programme Climate-specific Provided, 300303 Rural Electrification in Sierra Leone 7.30 9.33 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy To increase access to clean energy through the creation of environmentally and economically sustainable electric mini-grid systems for small remote rural communities in Sierra Leone by 2020. This is expected to directly benefit around 360,000 people in rural Sierra Leone, and indirectly help up to 1.8 million people access low carbon electricity. This will add more than 10 Mega Watts (MW) to the country’s power generation capacity of an estimated average peak demand requirement of 300-500 MW. There will be a welfare increase in rural communities in terms of saved fuel costs, improved health and education outcomes, improved communications and access to information and health and safety. The project will also result in a significant reduction in Sierra Leone’s future Green House Gas emissions through supported private investment in the installation and operation of renewably-powered mini-grids. Geography over programme Sierra Leone 205082 Rural Water for Sudan (RW4S) 6.93 8.84 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Water Supply & This programme will address the root causes of crisis in Darfur by tackling one of the main drivers of local conflict and poverty – availability of water. Water is scarce and there is competition over its use. This can result in conflict and lead to unsustainable livelihoods, forcing people to migrate to find alternatives. The climate is likely to get hotter and drier, further increasing scarcity of water. The programme will increase the availability of water for drinking and livelihoods for 250,000 people, and will support communities to sustainably manage their water resources for the benefit of all users.