UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
(10) The Union has agreed to achieve a reduction of at least 20 % of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2020 (30 %, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emissions reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities); to ensure that 20 % of energy consumption comes from renewable energy by 2020; and to achieve a 20 % cut in primary energy use compared with projected levels, by improving energy efficiency (12).
captured and stored in 2030, based on projects to be subsidised through the SDE++. emissions from landfills and natural gas extraction continue to decrease gradually after plants using Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), amounting to around 9 [5-11] Mt CO₂
History and projection of emissions from the waste sector between 1990 and 2050 (in MtCO₂eq) National Low-Carbon Strategy - March 2020 e: estimate. Sources: CITEPA inventory of April 2018 in SECTEN format and Kyoto Climate Plan scope; 2018 AME and AMS scenarios
In 2015, the energy sector was responsible for 87.93% of Estonia's greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of energy emissions are due to extensive use of fossil fuels in the production of heat and electricity. In October 2017, the Estonian Government adopted the Estonian Energy Development Plan until 2030 that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector by 70% compared to 1990 levels, while also increasing the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption to 50%.
For the purpose of reporting, the results of High Case scenarios are considered, since they reflect the most ambitious scenario in socio-economic terms and the most significant development of emissions. Values should be read as the maximum emissions possible under the projection assumptions. As mentioned in the Nacional communication, work is ongoing on a new modelling exercise with a 2050 horizon, aiming at identifying and analysing the implications of cost-effective paths in order to achieve the national target of net-zero GHG emissions by 2050, as well as identifying the primary means of decarbonisation associated. This work, which is being developed under the Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality 2050, started in October 2017 and will go on until the first quarter of 2019. The latest available GHG projections show that under the "With Existing Measures" (WEM) scenario, total GHG emissions (without LULUCF) are projected to be 6% higher in 2020 than in 1990 and 6 % lower in 2030 compared to 1990.
The Roadmap aims to provide increased predictability and transparency about how the goal will be reached, and sets out the range of actions developed countries will take to meet it. Drawing on analysis by the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development OECD, the Roadmap shows that developed countries are well-placed to meet the US100 billion goal, through a combination of public and mobilised private finance. The Paris Agreement was a historic demonstration of all countries collective commitment to address climate change. As part of the Paris outcome, developed countries were urged to scale-up their level of support with a concrete roadmap to achieve the goal of mobilising US100 billion per year by 2020 for climate action in developing countries. In 2016, developed countries worked together to develop the Roadmap, including through consultations with developing countries. To provide analytical support for the preparation of the Roadmap, a group of developed countries asked the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD to analyse the possible impact of countries pledges on finance levels in 2020 based on what is known, or can be reasonably assumed, at the present time. According to analysis by the OECD 2016, pledges made in 2015 alone will boost public finance from an average of US41 billion over 2013-14 to US67 billion in 2020 an increase of US26 billion. The OECD 2016 analysis indicates that the amount of public adaptation finance bilateral and attributed multilateral is projected to at least double in volume between 2013-14 and 2020. Developed countries are confident that the US100 billion goal will be met from a variety of sources, and reaffirm their commitment to doing so through the range of actions outlined in the Roadmap.
89. Only a relatively small fraction of overall electricity consumption in Luxembourg is generated
by installations in Luxembourg - especially since the generation from blast furnace gas was
stopped. The natural gas fired TWINerg power plant, which was set into service in 2002 but
which shut down in 2016, led to an increase of the share of domestically produced electricity, as
did the numerous small combined heat and power (CHP) installations. Despite the increase in
generation capacity, since 2002 the import dependency -measured as net imports divided by
national consumption - remains on a high level of about 50 to 70 %, compared to 94.3 % in 1990. With the subsequent slowdown and shut down of the TWINerg, this ratio is again close to 90 %. The import dependency - mainly from the German network - has one major impact on the
quantitative assessment of effects of PaMs in the field of electricity generation from renewable
energy sources: while most EU Member States and by extension, most countries - own a
"double dividend" from the encouragement of electricity generation from renewable ("carbon
neutral") sources - by increasing the share of renewable energy in accordance with the RED
(Directive No 2009/28/EC) and, in addition, by lowering GHG emissions from electricity
generation - Luxembourg only benefits from the increase in the share of renewable energy.
In 2010, the EU submitted a pledge to reduce its GHG emissions by 2020 by 20% compared to 1990 levels in order to contribute to achieving the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC: to stabilise GHG concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (humaninduced) interference with the climate system, or, in other words, to limit the global temperature increase to less than 2C compared to temperature levels before industrialization (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1). The EU had also committed to raising this target to a 30% emission reduction by 2020 compared with 1990 levels, provided that other developed countries also commit to achieving comparable emission reductions, and that developing countries contribute adequately, according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities. This offer was reiterated in the submission to the UNFCCC by the EU-28 and Iceland on 30 April 2014.
Powering Up Britain - The Net Zero Growth Plan Indicative emissions pathway to 2037 We agree with the Independent Review of Net Zero's recommendation that we ensure a pipeline on investable nature-based solutions projects. We have established
Although all sectors must contribute to the objectives established in this Plan, the Government is clearly committed to the energy transition, as a lever of competitiveness for the country, with the aim of reducing its emissions of greenhouse gases. In line with the conclusions of the Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on 1.5°C, it was concluded that it is in the decade 2021-2030 that the greatest efforts to reduce GHG emissions should be concentrated, this being the essential period for the alignment of the national economy with a trajectory of carbon neutrality. Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 December 2018, on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, provides that all Member States prepare and submit to the European Commission a Plan Integrated National Energy and Climate for the horizon 2021-2030.
c) That the action affects areas included in other declared historical complexes, or that already have a file initiated for this purpose, according to the applicable legislation. In this case, you must have a special plan for conservation, protection, rehabilitation, or a similar figure established by the Autonomous Communities and Cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and have, at least, initial approval, at the time of the request. d) That the action has some co-financing commitment from other Public Administrations. e) That the action includes innovative forms of financing that guarantee a greater contribution of private funds, without directly affecting the owners.
Primary emission reduction targets: > to reduce national emissions by 2020 by at least 32 Mt CO, -eq in comparison with 2005; > to reduce national emissions by 2030 by at least 44 Mt CO-eq in comparison with 2005; Long-term indicative emission reduction targets:
safety in the operation of an electrical system; 18. electricity supply contract the contract under which the energy supplier electricity supply to its customer a quantity of electricity over a certain period of time,
15 (1) Provision may not be made under paragraphs 10 and 12 conferring powers on an administrator in relation to the same kind of breach of regulations under this unless it complies with the following requirements. E+W+N.I. (2) The provision must secure that the administrator may not serve a notice of intent referred to in paragraph 11(1)(a) on a person in relation to a breach where a discretionary requirement has been imposed on that person in relation to the same breach. (3) Such provision must secure that the administrator may not serve a notice of intent referred to in paragraph 13(1)(a) on a person in relation to a breach where- (a) a fixed monetary penalty has been imposed on that person in relation to the same breach, or (b) the person has discharged liability to a fixed monetary penalty in relation to that breach pursuant to paragraph 11(1)(b).
Wanting to maintain its role as an international leader in combating climate change, the European Union unilaterally adopted in 2007 the commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 by a percentage of 20% compared to the level of emissions in year 1990 and promoted in this sense in 2009, the legislative package &quot;Climate Change - Energy&quot;, which establishes concrete instruments and measures aimed at achieving this objective.
F1 Part 1 E+W Main provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 repealed (15.1.2012) by Localism Act 2011 (c. 20) , ss. 47(a) , 240(1)(e) , Sch. 25 Pts. 8
The aim of the "Low-Carbon Development Strategy of the Slovak Republic until 2030 with a View to 2050" (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) is to outline options for a comprehensive long-term (30-year) strategic roadmap for moving to a low-carbon economy, which will be completed by achieving climate neutrality by 2050. The Strategy identifies key policies and measures that will lead to achieving the headline target of the Paris Agreement keeping the increase in global temperature this century to well below 2C and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. According to the targets of the Paris Agreement, the EU and Slovakia have committed themselves to climate neutrality by 2050, which means that only as much greenhouse gas emissions as we can remove can be emitted. The European Commission is further ahead in this process, as they already presented its detailed roadmap as early as on 11 December 2019 on key policies and measures with the objective of climate neutrality, entitled the European Green Deal. In Slovakia, such a low-carbon transformation will on the one hand bring new additional costs, which were partially quantified in Chapter 4 (Impact Assessment) at 1.8-4.2% of the GDP per year. On the other hand, such a transformation will bring about environmental, economic and health benefits and development of a sustainable low-carbon economy. These costs must also be seen as investments for the future because climate change presents an enormous destructive potential that can jeopardize the functioning of the state and society with the standards we are used to today. For example, according to EEA estimates, between 1980 and 2017 Slovakia reached economic losses from the extremes of climate change in the amount of almost EUR 1.7 billion. If no additional measures are taken and the global temperature rises by 3.5C (everything is moving towards this now), then in the future the losses in the EU in the social security of the country would account for 1.8% of GDP and total loses for the EU would represent EUR 190 billion.
White Paper. the 2030 targets, including a reformed EU ETS, a new Effort Sharing Regulation, and a governance process will be based on national plans for competitive, secure, and sustainable
In parallel with this second major objective, we will also have an investment objective of more than 500 million euros in breakthrough technologies, in renewable energies, in particular wind, land, offshore and photovoltaics. The renewable energy investment strategy is a key point for disruptive innovation. It is this triptych, if you will, nuclear, hydrogen and renewable energies through its breakthrough innovations that will allow us to produce energy and electricity differently and to begin to contribute precisely to this world where we produce better, and more decarbonized. We have, as you can see, real levers. We have real historical advantages, but we have to agree to put in the investments that I have just mentioned to achieve these objectives. Third objective: decarbonize our industry. Decarbonizing our industry, what does that mean? That means that alongside the production of electricity, we have what our big manufacturers do anyway. They are, and it is normal, emitters of CO2 through their daily activities. In our strategy for 2030, we have committed to reducing our emissions in the sector by 35% between 2015 and 2030. It is, as you can see, an important point, it is even a colossal effort, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 35% compared to 2015 for 2030, it is a productive revolution. We are in 2021, we made 4%. So, it&#39;s simple, we&#39;re not going to close these factories. Because I won&#39;t be consistent with what I told you about productive independence. So we need to invest massively to help them decarbonize. It will be a public and private investment, but without public investment it is impossible, it is unsustainable. If Europe does not lead this strategy, its productive base will produce on the other side of the world. And so, the whole European strategy that we have started to launch is a strategy that aims to support private investments to decarbonize. It is a matter of completely changing the industrial process, putting in place a border adjustment mechanism to penalize manufacturers outside Europe who have not made these reforms and trying to build climate transitions while maintaining our productive and industrial competitiveness. The French presidency of the European Union will allow us, in any case, we will fight for it, to advance the agenda on the carbon
• Flexibility. Including IAS emissions within the formal scope of the Climate Change Act targets provides extra flexibility in meeting them. Whereas their exclusion would mean that allowance has to be made outside the target for these emissions, inclusion opens up the possibility for the IAS sectors to achieve more and contribute more to meeting the UK's emissions targets. • Need for integration with wider Net Zero strategy. The UK's overall emissions reduction strategy should be integrated across the economy. This includes requirements for fuelling infrastructure and supply of alternative fuels (e.g. hydrogen, ammonia, synthetic fuels) and the overall scale of greenhouse gas removals to balance remaining emissions to reach Net Zero. • Inclusion of IAS is manageable. While the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) treats emissions from international aviation and international shipping separately from emissions solely within country borders, allocating these emissions to countries presents no fundamentally greater challenges than for other sectors already included in UK emissions targets:
At the end of 2017, Slovenia adopted the Slovenian Development Strategy 2030, the new umbrella national document. One of the Strategy's objectives is a low-carbon circular economy and a sustainable natural resource management. Slovenia is heading towards a period of adopting and preparing various strategies and plans, which will specify objectives for the period to 2030 and 2050. One of these is Slovenia's energy concept (ECS), which will identify orientations and plans regarding different areas of energy policy to 2030 and 2050. Two headline targets of Slovenia's energy concept are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions arising from energy consumption by at least 40% until 2030 as compared to 1990, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions arising from energy consumption by a minimum of 80% by 2050 as compared to 1990. The aim is to ensure a sustainable energy use and that is why the concept will deal with three aspects of sustainability: climate variability, reliability of the energy supply and power supply competitiveness.
These Regulations enable a registered social landlord to make a repayment charge in favour of itself to recover a sum which the RSL has paid on behalf of an owner when enforcing a scheme decision under the Tenements (Scotland) Act 2004. The Act provides for rules relative to a tenement scheme and other matters relative to tenements as defined in section 26 of the Act. The Regulations provide for appeals to the sheriff in relation to determinations of the repayable amount, the number of instalments and the frequency of instalments.
This Order provides the Department of the Environment with the powers to apply fixed monetary penalties on persons who have contravened byelaws made under section 26 of the Marine Act (Northern Ireland) 2013. They confer the power on the Department to impose such a penalty, to set the amounts of such penalties, to serve notices and to recover payments. They also concern appeals against a fixed monetary penalty and make a minor amendment to the Water and Sewerage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006.
This Order amends the Planning (General Development Procedure) Order (Northern Ireland) 2015 by substituting a new schedule 3 to take account of the restructuring of Government Departments as a consequence of the Departments Act 2016 and the Departments (Transfer of Functions) Order (Northern Ireland) 2016. This reflects the consequent revised roles and responsibilities of planning authorities and statutory consultees in the development management process of the planning system. Consultation also regards, among other things, water pollution
Highways England has £15m to expand the existing rapid chargepoint network to ensure that across 95 per cent of the strategic road network there will be a chargepoint at least every 20 miles. As part of this, Government will be working with Highways England to understand current and future demand on England’s strategic road network.
Our Key Commitments Harnessing UK strengths in R&D to reach net zero Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener
This Order gives effect to the decision of the mayor of London that the Old Oak and Park Royal Development Corporation is to have in the whole of its area the functions in relation to Town and Country Planning specified in section 202 of the Localism Act 2011. Articles 3, 4, 5 and 7 of this Order transfer the relevant planning functions to the Corporation.
An Roinn Caiteachais Phoiblí agus Athchóirithe Department of Public Expenditure and Reform The Use of Carbon Tax Funds 2022 As per Sections 27, 28 & 29 of the Finance Act 2020¹, the carbon tax will increase by €7.50 a tonne. The increase on transport fuels is effective from October 13th 2021, while the increase on home heating fuels will not take place until 1 May 2022, after the winter heating season.
3) the share of applied research support 70% (small), 60% (medium), 50% (large); 4) the share of product development support 45% (small), 35% (medium), 25% (large); 5) the share of support for the feasibility study 70% (small), 60% (medium), 50% (large); 6) the share of support for innovation advisory services and support services 50% (small), 50% (medium);
4.1.1.4 European Union Policy Developments The 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions will be met through commitments in both the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and non-ETS sectors. In this context, the Government has prioritised a number of initiatives in the context of Budget 2020 including:
The energy sector is the most significant source of greenhouse gas emissions in Finland and is therefore the key driver behind the trend in emissions. The energy sector includes emissions from fuels used to generate energy, including fuel used in transport and the fugitive emissions related to the production, distribution and consumption of fuels. In 2020, the energy sector accounted for 72 per cent of Finland's total greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 2.2). The second largest source of emissions was agriculture sector, with a share of approximately 14 per cent. Emissions from industrial processes and product use amounted to approximately 11 per cent. Emissions from industrial processes refer to sector emissions that result from the use of raw materials in industrial processes. Emissions from the waste sector amounted to four per cent of total emissions. The contribution of indirect CO emissions from atmospheric oxidation of CH4 and NMVOCs to the greenhouse gas emissions is small, about 0.1 per cent of total greenhouse gas emissions in Finland. The land use, landuse change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector in Finland was a net sink throughout the 1990 to 2020 reporting period, because greenhouse gas removals in the sector exceeded emissions. The net sink has varied from approximately 13 to 49 per cent of the annual sum of emissions from other sectors, i.e. the total emissions without LULUCF between 1990 and 2020. The most important components of the forest sink are the tree biomass growth and biomass removed from forests due to felling. Based on the National Forest Inventory (NFI), the increment of growing stock has increased since 1990 from 78 million m to 103 million m. There is less fluctuation between years in the estimated tree biomass growth, contrary to the harvest rates. In 2020, the total drain was 83 million m.
This Exposure Draft is to consult on new climate-related financial disclosures in entity-level annual reports that align with the TCFDs recommendations. The Phase 2 Exposure Draft addresses the recommended disclosures for the Risk Management and Metrics and Targets pillars of the TCFD framework. Preparers, experts, and other stakeholders from across central government and the wider public sector are asked to provide feedback on the proposed public sector adaptations, interpretations, and considerations as well as the overall completeness and clarity of the guidance. This application guidance is additive, with Phase 2 expanding on the TCFD-aligned disclosure application guidance for Phase 1. The Phase 1 application guidance was published in July 2023 and addresses the recommended disclosures for the Governance pillar, applying to in-scope central government bodies annual reports and accounts from 2023-24. This Exposure Draft covers the whole UK public sector, which is the boundary for the Whole of Government Accounts. However, the relevant authority for each jurisdiction within that boundary will have their own due process for proposing and approving changes to their reporting regime. This consultation does not supplant those processes. The proposed changes are published for comment only.
The proposals may be modified before being formally presented to the Financial Reporting Advisory Board FRAB for its approval. The proposed effective date for central government bodies is 1 April 2024, with Phase 2 disclosures required in annual reports and accounts for 2024-25 on a comply or explain basis. Other public sector bodies should follow the direction from their respective relevant authority. Public sector bodies may choose to voluntarily apply this guidance - in full or in part.
Task Forces emissions expert is responsible for one or more work packages, the collection of the and the data set is saved in the Central Database.