UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
These Regulation amend for Wales, Part 2 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 so as to insert a new section (33ZA) on fixed penalty notices for contravention of section 33(1)(a) of the Act. The new section enable an authorised officer of a Welsh waste collection authority to issue a fixed penalty notice for contravention of that section in the area of the authority. Section 33(1)(a), subject to certain exemptions, prohibits the deposit of controlled waste or extractive waste in or on any land other than in accordance with an environmental permit. Contravention of that section is an offence.
EU energy efficiency plan 2011
Energy efficiency is a key component of European Union (EU) energy policy and an effective tool in combating climate change, lowering energy bills and making it less reliant on external suppliers. ACT
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Energy efficiency plan 2011 (COM(2011) 109 final of 8.3.2011)
SUMMARY
WHAT DOES THIS COMMUNICATION DO? It sets out plans that promote an economy that respects the planet s resources, implements a low-carbon system, improves EU energy independence and strengthens the security of the energy supply. KEY POINTS
BACKGROUND
This plan forms part of 20-20-20 targets from the EU s 2020 climate and energy package. The other two targets are to reduce, by 2020, greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % from 1990 levels and to have 20 % of EU energy come from renewable sources. For more information, see the European Commission s energy efficiency, eco-design and intelligent energy Europe websites.
KEY TERMS
Split incentives refer to the common situation in which owners and tenants are reluctant to pay for improving the energy efficiency of a property, seeing as the benefits are shared between them. RELATED ACTS
Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of eco-design requirements for energy-related products (OJ L 285 of 31.10.2009, pp. 10-35)
Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (OJ L 315 of 14.11.2012, pp. 1-56)
last update 27.08.2015
This Act strengthens existing governance arrangements for improving the well-being of Wales in order to ensure that the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (the sustainable development principle). It identifies well-being goals which specified public authorities are to seek to achieve in order to improve the well-being of Wales both now and in the future. It sets out how those authorities are to show that they are working towards the well-being goals.
It also, through the introduction of national indicators, ensures that the difference being made to the well-being of Wales will be evaluated and measured. The Act establishes a Future Generations Commissioner for Wales to be an advocate for future generations who will advise and support specified public authorities in carrying out their duties under the Act. It also puts Local Service Boards (to be known as Public Services Boards) and well-being plans on a statutorybasis and, in doing so, simplifies current requirements as regards integrated community planning.
These Regulations amend the Carbon Accounting Scheme (Scotland) Regulations 2010 to insert new regulation 8D to provide a method for determining whether an amount of carbon units is to be credited to or debited from the net Scottish emissions account for 2016. They also insert a provision to set out the information to be included in a register for 2016.
Long-term indicative emission reduction targets: > to pursue the indicative level of 70 Mt CO -eq of emissions in 2040; > to pursue the indicative level of 39 Mt CO-eq of emissions in 2050. Due to the sufficient time needed to prepare and implement the different policies and measures, the Policy and its setting must be conceived in the long term perspective, assuming that regular evaluation and updates will be carried out every 5, and 7 years respectively. The time horizon setting of the Policy
These Rules amend the Town and Country Planning (Section 62A Applications) (Hearings) Rules 2013 following the inclusion of applications for non-major development within the categories of application which may be made directly to the Secretary of State rather than a local planning authority when that planning authority is subject to a designation under section 62A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. These Regulations make detailed provision in that regard. They provide in particular that the Secretary of State must give no less than five working days’ notice of a hearing to be held before a person appointed by the Secretary of State in respect of an application for non-major development.
Art. 2 2 With regard to the average indigenous production of electricity from renewable energies, excluding hydraulic energy, a development should be aimed at reaching at least 4,400 GWh in 2020 and at least 11,400 GWh in 2035. 2 With regard to the average indigenous production of hydroelectricity, development should be aimed at reaching at least 37,400 GWh in 2035. For pumped storage power plants, only production from natural flows is included in these indicative values.
We will stimulate demand for zero emission trucks through financial and non-financial incentives We will consult on a target for UK domestic aviation to reach net zero by 2040 We are consulting on phase out dates for the sale of all new non-zero emission HGVs
The UK government will ringfence GBP 20 million per year in tidal power, with the double aim to strengthen energy security and create jobs across the UK. This investment will be made through the government’s main method for encouraging investment in low-carbon power, Contracts for Difference (CfD) scheme. CfD contracts pay the difference between open and close of a trade, allowing traders to take advantage of price movements and avoid physical delivery of the asset.The fourth round of the Contracts for Difference Scheme will open on 13 December 2021, and the UK government will launch an auction process with the ambition of supporting up to 12 GW low-carbon electricity capacity. Total allocated government funding is estimated at 285 million GBP per year.
Greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 15% between 1990 and 2017 (Kyoto scope, excluding LULUCF). At the same time, the population increased by 15% and the GDP by 52% over the same period. Today, among the developed countries, the territorial emissions per inhabitant of the French are among the lowest in the world. This testifies to the effort to decarbonise the economy already made in France, and which will be further amplified by 2030 and 2050. But it also testifies to the tertiarization of the French economy, which is correlated to a drop in its industrial activity. Moreover, most of the budgetary expenditure for the fight against climate change is oriented towards the long term. Indeed, they concern research and transport infrastructure in the modes that emit the least greenhouse gases. This is also the case for tax expenditures, most of which aim to support the renovation of housing. Finally, this is also the case for regulatory action, which obliges investments to make significant energy savings over their entire life cycle. In the longer term, research and development funding is likely to have the greatest impact. Thus, support for the emergence of green sectors and the development of renewable energies (support for onshore and offshore wind power, photovoltaics, renewable gas, biomass) is an essential lever for meeting the challenge of transition energy, which alone will allow a response commensurate with the challenge of climate change, in terms of controlling energy consumption and more generally of lifestyle and low-emission and economical production methods. As detailed above, France has set itself a long-term objective, carbon neutrality on the horizon Effects on emission reduction
A Bill to make provision about targets, plans and policies for improving the natural environment; for statements and reports about environmental protection; for the Office for Environmental Protection; about waste and resource efficiency; about air quality; for the recall of products that fail to meet environmental standards; about water; about nature and biodiversity; for conservation covenants; about the regulation of chemicals; and for connected purposes. Includes provisions for fines for the importation of products or commodities linked to illegal deforestation.
These Regulations, made under section 98 of the Environment Act 1995, establish a scheme (the “Countryside Stewardship”) under which the Secretary of State may make grants for the management of land and grants to promote cooperation between land managers. Grants may be made to any eligible person who enters into, and complies with, the conditions of a countryside stewardship agreement or to any qualified person who enters into, and complies with, the conditions of a facilitation agreement. The Regulations also provide for inspections for the purpose of verifying that an agreement holder under these Regulations has complied with the terms and conditions of their agreement.
An activity or activities the agreement holder is required to carry out are listed in Parts 2 or 3 of the Schedule. Management activities concern, among others, creating protection and feeding zones are for wildlife, protection o habitats, protection of historic environment and landscape, soil and water management, the protection of wetlands and organic farming.
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TABLE 7: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE ENERGY SECTOR UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO
TABLE 8: QUANTIFIED MITIGATION EFFECTS OF THE DESCRIBED WEM MEASURES (PLUS TWO WAM)........ FIGURE 27: TREND OF AGGREGATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY GAS IN THE IPPU SECTOR IN THE YEARS 1990-2016 (GG CO
EQ.). .83
TABLE 9: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO
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TABLE 10: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WAM
SCENARIO...............
TABLE 11: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017-2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO...
TABLE 12: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017-2040 UNDER THE WAM
SCENARIO. 84
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TABLE 13: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO... FIGURE 28: PROJECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON STOCK IN LIVING BIOMASS (ABOVE GROUND + GROUND) IN SLOVAK
FORESTS....
TABLE 14: PROJECTIONS OF CO EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM
SCENARIO....
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TABLE 15: PROJECTIONS OF CO EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WAM
SCENARIO..................
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ANNEX IL-SPECIFIC APPROACHES AND ANALYTICAL MODELS APPLIED TO
Leaving the decision to invest in hydrogen for heat later than the mid-2020s would bring considerable risk of limiting its potential role. This is because there is a likely need for both major construction and operation of new infrastructure. Therefore, we intend to make strategic decisions by 2026, including whether hydrogen is safe and feasible to use as a heat source and the key enabling steps required. More broadly, the action we take in the 2020s can be used to test and evaluate different approaches to decarbonisation. This will inform our evidence base, from which we can develop new policies and make informed decisions regarding the best pathway to Net Zero. We need to start the transition now to meet our emissions reductions targets cost- effectively, minimise disruption and maximise benefits for everyone.
Around three quarters of Switzerland's greenhouse gas emissions result from fossil fuel use. Energy and climate policy are therefore closely linked. The main objective of the Energy Strategy 2050 (increasing energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy) also contributes to the mitigation of CO emissions. However, due to the implementation of the Energy Strategy 2050, it is possible that the production of electricity from fossil sources may increase, which would have a negative impact on Switzerland's CO emissions. Fossil thermal power plants are therefore obliged to fully compensate their emissions. The first bundle of measures of the Energy Strategy 2050 also includes measures that require adjustments of the CO Act, most notably the strengthening of the CO emissions regulations for passenger cars from 130 to 95 grams of CO per kilometre, the exemption from the CO levy of operators of fossil combined heat and power plants, and the increase of the maximum amount earmarked for the national buildings refurbishment programme from 300 million to 450 million Swiss francs per year. As detailed in section 5.2.1, EPFL and Infras (2016) and EPFL (2017) estimate that in the energy sector the combined effects of policies and measures are responsible for about 12 per cent of the aggregate effect of currently implemented and adopted policies and measures.
5 (1) The regulations may provide for the allocation among the participants of allowances representing the right to carry on a specified amount of the activities in a trading period. U.K. (2) The regulations may set a limit on- (a) the total amount of the activities for a trading period, and (b) the total amount of the allowances to be allocated for the period. (3) The regulations may specify the method of allocation or provide for it to be determined in accordance with the regulations. (4) The regulations may not provide for allowances to be allocated in return for consideration.
vehicle user in a single-family residential building or premises a residential building located in a multi-family residential building to which it has a legal title, the electricity seller takes into account the electricity consumed during
10 (1) The regulations may make provision conferring on an administrator the power by notice to impose a fixed monetary penalty on a person who breaches regulations under this Schedule. E+W+N.I. (2) The regulations may only confer such a power in relation to a case where the administrator is satisfied on the balance of probabilities that the breach has occurred. (3) For the purposes of this a "fixed monetary penalty" is a requirement to pay to an administrator a penalty of an amount specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations. (4) The regulations may not provide for the imposition of a fixed monetary penalty in excess of 5,000.
9 (1) The regulations must provide for the participants in a trading scheme to trade in any allowances or credits under the scheme. U.K. (2) The regulations may also provide for trading in the allowances or credits by third parties authorised in accordance with the regulations. (3) The regulations must specify the circumstances in which trading is permitted. (4) The regulations may require trading to be notified to the administrator of the trading scheme.
SDG 13. Climate Action Denmark works ambitiously both nationally and internationally to fight the cli- mate crisis and its consequences. Denmark has adopted a Climate Act to secure a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 by 70% compared to the level of emissions in 1990, and achieve a climate-neutral society by 2050 at the latest. Due especially to the many climate initiatives undertaken since the change of govern- ment, so far a 55% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 relative to 1990 is expected. In Denmark, since the change of government, decisions have been made, which together secure an expected reduction of [7.2] million tonnes of CO₂ in 2030. In 2020, the Government launched the first long-term Danish strat- egy for a global climate effort, "A green and sustainable world". Internationally, Denmark contributes through the UN and the Paris Agreement, government co- operation, climate diplomacy, export promotion efforts and green development assistance. The Climate Act
About the EU Adaptation Strategy
Adopted in 2021, the EU Adaptation Strategy is about helping the EU to become climate-resilient. The strategy focuses on four key objectives:
The strategy builds on past evaluations, public consultation, and was first announced in the European Green Deal in 2019. While the EU Adaptation Strategy will remain in force, a new integrated framework for European climate resilience and risk management is being prepared to take the Strategy to the next level and put its principles and objectives into practice. Related links
Documentation
Click on the + signs for more information.
d  |- Policies and measures that are needed to ensure a sustainable development are being implemented in Turkey for a long time. In recent years, as climate change became more and more noticeable, matters related to energy, economy and ecology are started to be handled together. This is called the 3E (Energy- Economy-Ecology) theory that is defined as the most crucial development cri- terion of the 21st century. In this regard, Turkey's main policies and measures focus on sectors such as energy, industry, transportation, agriculture, waste and forestry. In a world that is technologically and economically developed, new economy and development concepts which are environment-friendly are developed. In this respect, minimizing the pressure on the nature and on use of natural resources, keeping energy and water use at minimum levels throughout the productionconsumption chain and supporting the energy market through incen- tives on the use of new and environment-friendly sources of energy is the basis of the new development model for Turkey Additionally, there are other things that we can do for competition and development. They are, hybrid cars, low fuel consuming and low emitting technologies, eco-buildings and eco-towns, and protection and improvement of forests; preparing a new administration structure that stands on transparency, accountability and participation; orient- ing subsidies and financial arrangements on eco-friendly research and develop- ment efforts and technologies have key roles in the environment of develop- ment.
financing. In Cancún the developed countries reiterated their commitment, in the national priorities. Comprehensive and nationally appropriate adaptation and mitigation term goals.
A
Agip U.K. Limited
Alpha Petroleum Resources Ltd
Amerada Hess Limited
Amoco U.K. Exploration Company
Apache Beryl I Limited
Apache North Sea Limited
Atlantic Resources
ATP Oil and Gas UK Ltd
B
BBL Company v.o.f
BG International Limited
BG plc
BHP Billiton Petroleum Limited
BP Amoco
BP Exploration Operating Company Limited
Bridge North Sea Ltd
Burlington Resources Irish Sea Limited
C
Caledonia EU Ltd
Centrica
Century Exploration UK Limited
CH4 Limited
Challenger Minerals North Sea Ltd
Chevron North sea Limited
Chevron U.K. Limited
ChevronTexaco
ChevronTexaco Upstream Europe
Chrysaor Limited
CNR International U.K. Limited
Conoco U.K. Limited
ConocoPhillips
Corallian Energy Limited
D
Dana Petroleum E P Limited Dana
DEA UK SNS Ltd DEA UK
DNO Heather Limited
Dong E P UK Ltd
E
E.On Ruhrgas
E.ON UK plc
Eclipse Energy
Elf
Encana UK Limited
Endeavour Energy UK Limited
Energy Development Partners EDP
Energy Resource Technology UK
ENI Hewett Limited
EnQuest Dons Limited
EnQuest Heather Limited
Enterprise Oil Plc
EOG Resources United Kingdom Limited
Equinor UK Limited
F
Faroe Petroleum
Focus Energy
Gateway Storage Company Limited
G
GDFB
GDF SUEZ EP
Granby Oil and Gas Plc
H
Hess Limited
Hurricane Exploration plc
Hydrocarbon Resources Limited
I
IOG U.K. Ltd
Iona Energy Company UK Limited Iona
Ithaca Energy UK Ltd
J
JX Nippon
K
Kerr-McGee North Sea U.K. Limited
L
Lasmo North Sea Plc
Lundin Britain Limited
M
Maersk Oil UK Limited
Marathon Norway
Marathon Oil U.K. Limited
Mobil North Sea Limited
N
Newfield Petroleum UK Ltd
Nexen Petroleum U.K. O
Oilexco North Sea Limited
P
Paladin
PanCanadian Petroleum U.K. Limited
Perenco UK Limited
Petro-Canada UK Ltd
Petrofac Energy
Phillips Petroleum Company United Kingdom Limited
Port Meridian Energy Limited PMEL
Premier Oil Plc
R
Ranger Oil U.K. Limited
RWE Dea UK
S
Serica Energy UK Limited
Siccar Point Energy EP Limited
Shell U.K. Exploration and Production Limited
Silverstone Energy Limited
Spirit Energy Resources Limited
Statoil ASA
StatoilHydro
Suncor Energy UK Ltd
T
Talisman Energy U.K. Limited
TAQA Bratani Ltd
Texaco North Sea U.K.
Poland contributes to the activities towards climate change mitigation undertaken by the international community - as a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change since 1994 and to the Kyoto Protocol - since 2002. In the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol, Poland committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 by 6%, compared to the base year. In the second commitment period, established in the Doha Amendment, the European Union, its Member States and Iceland committed to reduce their average annual greenhouse gas emissions in the years 2013-2020 under joint fulfilment of commitments. The common reduction target was expressed as a commitment to achieve average annual emissions of 80% of the total emissions of all countries in the base years (tab. 4.1). Poland established the year 1988 as the base year for carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, whereas for SF6, fluorinated HFCs and PFCs - the year 1995, and for NF3 - the year 2000.
3. Non-optimality of the structure of the energy supply system, which has developed without taking into account climate change; non-compliance with the necessary levels and modes of energy consumption, taking into account the indicated changes, which will lead to an overexpenditure of energy resources to provide consumers or the need to limit their supplies. 4. An increase in the cost of eliminating accidents at fuel and energy facilities. Figure 6.10. a generalized assessment of the impact of climate change on the energy sector and its consequences is given.