UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
Credits U.K. 7 (1) The regulations may enable participants to offset the carrying on of the activities in a trading period by acquiring credits representing- U.K. (a) a reduction in an amount of greenhouse gas emissions, or (b) the removal of an amount of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. (2) Regulations that make provision under this paragraph for a trading period must set a limit on the total amount of the activities for the period. (3) If the regulations also provide for the allocation of allowances for the period, they must- (a) set a limit on the total amount of the allowances to be allocated for the period, and (b) require each participant to acquire enough credits to offset any activities carried on by the participant in the period in excess of those for which the participant has or has acquired allowances. (4) Otherwise, such regulations must- (a) set a limit on the amount of the activities that each participant may carry on in the period, and (b) require each participant to acquire enough credits to offset any activities carried on by the participant in the period in excess of that limit. (5) The regulations must specify- (a) the descriptions of credits that may be used for offsetting a participant's activities, (b) the value of different descriptions of credit as regards the amount of the activities they are treated as offsetting, and (c) the circumstances in which credits of any description may be used for the purposes of the trading scheme. (6) The regulations- (a) must contain provision for ensuring that credits used to offset activities under a trading scheme cannot be used by the participant for any other purpose; (b) may enable credits to be cancelled by a person by whom they are held instead of being used for that purpose.
Finland welcomes that the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships was adopted in 2018. It envisages a reduction in total greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping and identifies three levels of ambition. First, the carbon intensity of ships should decline through the implementation of further phases of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships. Second, the carbon intensity of international shipping should decline with reductions in CO emissions per transport work, as an average across international shipping, by at least 40 per cent by 2030, pursuing efforts towards 70 per cent by 2050 compared to 2008. Third, greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping should peak as soon as possible, and the total annual emissions should be reduced by at least 50 per cent by 2050 compared to 2008. According to the Roadmap, by 2023, IMO Member States should agree a final strategy on short-, medium-, and long-term measures, taking the results from the IMO Data Collection System into account. In 2021, the IMO agreed to initiate the revision of the Initial 2018 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, recognising the need to strengthen the ambition during the revision process. A final draft Revised IMO GHG Strategy will be considered by 2023 with a view to adoption.
Switzerland commits to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, corresponding to an average reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 35 percent over the period 2021-2030. By 2025, a reduction of greenhouse gases by 35 percent compared to 1990 levels is anticipated. Carbon credits from international mechanisms will partly be used. The INDC is subject to approval by Parliament. The methodological approaches underlying the Swiss INDC are included in this communication.
2.4 Suitable forest fund lands and resources will be allocated/leased to private persons or legal entities for rational and productive uses which would cause no harms or threatens on the sustainability of forest lands and ecosystems. 2.4.1 Relevant amendments will be introduced in the law and regulations. The law and procedures will secure that every lease specify which local uses are allowed, following consultation with the people and the lease holder. 2.4.1 Relevant amendments will be introduced in the law and regulations. The law and procedures will secure that every lease specify which local uses are allowed, following consultation with the people and the lease holder. 2.5 The increasing demand of society for recreation will be satisfied through improved planning and management of the recreation areas, based on the assessment of forest recreational capacities and by supporting proper use of such areas by people. Development of forest recreation and ecological tourism will supported by updated regulatory framework and guidelines. 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.6 Hunting in the forest fund will be practiced exclusively on a sustainable basis, in compliance with an updated regulatory framework and by increasing the knowledge and awareness about sustainable hunting. Relevant regulatory basis and institutional capacities will be established, including appropriate assessment and planning of the wildlife and hunting resources in forest lands, introduction of necessary amendments in the regulations and specialized training of responsible officials and hunters on sustainable hunting issues. 2.6.1 Educational programs will be elaborated and supported to promote the proper use and appreciation of recreational areas in forests by the people in compliance with fire and contamination prevention and other applicable rules. Local people's involvement in and revenue earnings from forest recreation and tourism sites will be promoted. 2.7 A certification system for sustainable forest management will be elaborated and introduced in collaboration with relevant stakeholders and institutions as well as international agencies. 2.7.1 In collaboration with a credited international agency, introduction of certification system in selected forest region, elaboration of national regulations and guidelines, building up institutional capacities for expansion of certification in other forest areas. 3. Negative impacts on forests are reduced while forest resources and biodiversity are effectively protected and conserved. 3.1 Measures will be defined and taken to eliminate human-induced harmful effects and damages on forest resources, with particular attention on illegal logging, over-grazing, recreation and
Sector
Waste
Monitoring the direct GHG emissions from the Sector 5 Waste' is planned to be improved along with:
Accomplishing, by the end of the next inventory cycle of an external independent technical evaluation of the GHG inventories-Waste Sector, by an international consultant with a good knowledge of the 2006
IPCC Guidelines and with extensive expertise in assessing GHG inventories of the Annex I Parties;
 Adopting a new approach needed to address the environmental issues in the RM, complying with the commitments under the ratified international conventions and agreements, respectively considering sustain-
able development, as well as the EU integration perspective;

Potential Improvements
Enforcement of Government Decision on approval Waste List No. 99/2018 and Government Decision No. 501/2018 on the Instruction on records keeping and reporting of waste data and information on waste
management

The modernization of waste management infrastructure according to the Waste Management Strategy of the Republic of Moldova for 2013-2027 years, which foresees the development of integrated municipal
waste management through the harmonization of legal, institutional and regulatory framework to the EU standards, based on a regional approach (geographical position, economic development, the existence of
access roads, pedological and hydrogeological condisons, population, etc.). The goal is to promote and implement selective collection in all areas both in household sector and in the production sector, as well as
sorting, composting and recycling facilities; and the development of waste disposal capacity by creating 7 new SWDS (landfills) at a regional level and 2 new mechanical-biological treatment plants;
 Proper implementation of the agreement signed on October 18, 2019 between the European Investment Bank and the Government of the Republic of Moldova aimed at improvement of solid waste management
services in the country and implementation of the Waste Management Strategy 2013-2027 in the Republic of Moldova, involving projects aimed at modernizing and developing solid waste management systems
in eight regions of the country. The projects will provide the localities with new collection systems, mechanical-biological waste treatment facilities and new regional sanitary warehouses for the whole country, by
modernizing waste collection systems and separate collection of recyclable materials and bio-waste, as well as rehabilitating or closing landfills. . Full ope
A project to provide world-class, safe carbon storage capacity in the North Sea, off Aberdeenshire, will benefit from GBP 31 million of UK Government funding and could create tens of thousands new jobs. The scheme is one of nine green tech projects across the UK benefiting from a pot of GBP 171 million UK Government funding to cut emissions from industry, and part of a wider package of measures including an ambitious blueprint to deliver the world’s first low-carbon industrial sector.
the concession contract concluded by the contracting authority and approved in accordance with the provisions of this law. Electricity
The following figure illustrates the trajectory of reduction of total GHG emissions for the 2030 horizon, in line with the commitment to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. As already mentioned, the evolution of national emissions in different paths of carbon neutrality points to a very significant decarbonization of the national economy in the 2030 horizon, so it will be necessary to ensure that the various sectors of activity contribute to this objective. In this sense, all sectors have the potential to reduce emissions, although the same is not the same for all sectors and GHG, being largely dependent on the degree of maturity of technologies and their cost-effectiveness. Thus, in the next decade, decarbonisation is expected to be more pronounced in electricity production, transport and buildings. At the sectoral level, the following national targets were defined for the 2030 horizon (non-CELE sectors). Figure 14-Evolution of GHG emissions and reduction targets set for 2030 (Mt CO₂)
This publication provides the final estimates of UK territorial greenhouse gas emissions going back to 1990. Estimates are presented by source in February of each year and updated in March of each year to include estimates by end-user and fuel type. In July 2020 estimates were also published for the first time showing UK territorial greenhouse gas emissions by Standard Industrial Classification SIC. When emissions are reported by source, emissions are attributed to the sector that emits them directly.
When emissions are reported by end-user, energy supply emissions by source are reallocated in accordance with where the end-use activity occurred. This reallocation of emissions is based on a modelling process. For example, all the carbon dioxide produced by a power station is allocated to the power station when reporting on a source basis. However, when applying the end-user method, these emissions are reallocated to the users of this electricity, such as domestic homes or large industrial users. BEIS does not estimate embedded emissions but the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs publishes estimates annually. The report on alternative approaches to reporting UK greenhouse gas emissions outlines the differences between them. For the purposes of reporting, greenhouse gas emissions are allocated into a small number of broad, high level sectors as follows energy supply, business, transport, public, residential, agriculture, industrial processes, land use, land use change and forestry LULUCF, and waste management. These high level sectors are made up of a number of more detailed sectors, which follow the definitions set out by the International Panel on Climate Change IPCC, and which are used in international reporting tables which are submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC every year. A list of corresponding Global Warming Potentials GWPs used and a record of base year emissions are published separately. This is a National Statistics publication and complies with the Code of Practice for Statistics. Data downloads in csv format are available from the UK Emissions Data Selector. Please check our frequently asked questions or email climatechange.statisticsbeis.gov.uk if you have any questions or comments about the information on this page.
The government will tighten Norway&#39;s climate targets so that they correspond to a cut in emissions of 40 per cent by 2020 compared to 1990 levels, if this can contribute to agreement on an ambitious climate agreement in which the major emitting countries assume concrete emission obligations. The government&#39;s long-term goal is for every person on earth to be granted the same right to emit greenhouse gases.
The CRC Energy Efficiency scheme will close once the current compliance year has ended on 31 March 2019. Participants in CRC must carry out their compliance actions for the current year. They will also need to meet certain record keeping requirements until March 2025. See the CRC closure guidance for more information. CRC evidence packs
You must keep records to validate any information you have submitted about your organisation, energy supplies and use. You should keep this in an evidence pack that the regulators can examine during an audit. You also need to carry out your own internal audit of your records at least once a year. Your evidence pack must include an audit certificate signed by a senior officer. There is no prescribed format for an evidence pack but you can use the tools the Environment Agency has provided to develop yours. These include workbook calculators, tables, checklists and templates. Appendix K of CRC guidance for participants in phase 2 will help you develop your evidence pack.
You will need to keep your evidence packs for CRC phase 2 until 31 March 2025. CRC enforcement and penalties for non-compliance
Our approach to CRC enforcement is explained in annex 2, section C of our Enforcement and Sanctions policy. The Environment Agency can issue civil penalties to organisations that do not comply with the CRC obligations by the deadlines set. It can also publish the name of the organisation receiving the civil penalty, details of the failure and the penalty amount. You could incur civil penalties if you do not
CRC non-compliance details of civil penalties issued
Details of penalties are usually published for one year, or longer if justified by the seriousness of the failure. CRC audits
Your regulator may carry out an audit to check you are keeping sufficient records in your evidence pack and reporting your emissions accurately. Although the CRC scheme will close on 31 March 2019, regulators will continue to carry out compliance audits after this date. The regulator will either carry out the audit itself or use trained and approved contractors. Organisations are selected for audit based on
If you are selected for audit, your primary and secondary contact will receive an email requesting to arrange a mutually convenient time to hold a teleconference or meeting with you. You may be asked to provide information prior to this, including
CRC help and guidance
CRC guidance for participants in phase 2 provides more information about creating an evidence pack and audits.
In energy sector, the focus will be on implementation of the strategic projects aimed to achieve energy independence including ensuring sufficient local power generation capacities to cover domestic demand (estimated at 12-14 TWh in 2020). Lithuania is obligated to progressively increase the use of renewable energy resources in the production of electricity and heating. According to the current legal documents state aims to reach the target of 23% of renewable energy in final energy consumption in 2020, including no less than 20% of renewable energy in the electricity sector, 60% in the district heating sector and 10% in the transport sector and 80% in the households. Energy consumption is reduced by 1.5% every year to compare with an average of final energy consumption in 2010-2012, achieving 17% till 2020.
Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 implies achieving a balance between greenhouse gas emissions and absorptions on national territory. Indeed, by 2050, by mobilizing to the maximum the potential of each lever available to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, without however making technological bets, a certain level of emissions seems incompressible, in particular in non-energy sectors (particularly agriculture). To achieve carbon neutrality, these emissions must be offset by carbon sinks, such as: ecosystems managed by humans (forests, agricultural land, etc. ), products and materials derived from the bioeconomy from plant materials (wood, straw, etc. ), industrial processes (capture and storage or reuse of carbon - see appendix 5. CSUC).
These Regulations amend the Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 so as to update those Regulations on existing EU legislation on Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases and to make provision for offshore installations. They contains new requirements for businesses on labelling of equipment containing F-gases, the inclusion of work with refrigeration units of refrigerated trucks and trailers in several F-gas offences, and a new requirement for businesses transferring F-gas work to another organisation and contain a new certification requirement for work with F-gases in stationary refrigeration, air conditioning, heat pumps and the refrigeration units of trucks and trailers.
Final provisions U.K. 99 Extent U.K. (1) This Act, apart from the provisions listed below, extends to the whole of the United Kingdom. (2) The following provisions of this Act extend to England and only- (a) sections 71 to 75 and Schedule 5 (waste reduction schemes); (b) section 76 (collection of household waste); (c) section 81 (climate change measures reports in Wales); (d) section 88 (fines for offences relating to pollution). (3) Section 77 and Schedule 6 (charges for [ F1 single use carrier bags ] [ F1 carrier bags ] ) extend to England and Wales and Northern Ireland only. (4) Section 79 and (carbon emissions reduction targets) extend to England and Wales and Scotland only. 6 para. 2 substituted (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 1(b) 100 Commencement U.K. (1) Part 1 (carbon target and budgeting), Part 2 (the Committee on Climate Change) and this Part come into force on the day this Act is passed. (2) Section 71(1) and (waste reduction schemes) come into force in accordance with sections 72 to 75. (3) Section 81 (climate change measures reports in Wales) comes into force on such day as may be appointed by order made by the Welsh Ministers. (4) Section 82 (repeal of previous reporting obligation) comes into force on 1st January 2009. (5) The other provisions of this Act come into force at the end of two months beginning with the day it is passed. 101 Short title U.K. The short title of this Act is the Climate Change Act 2008.
(3) 
OJÂ LÂ 115, 17.4.1998, p.Â 31. ANNEXÂ II
CORRELATION TABLE
Directive 2003/55/EC
This Directive
Article 1
Article 1
Article 2
Article 2
Article 3
Article 3
Article 4
Article 4
Article 5
Article 5
 
Article 6
 
Article 7
Article 6
Article 8
Article 9
Article 9
Article 7
Article 10
 
Article 11
Article 7
Article 12
Article 8
Article 13
 
Article 14
 
Article 15
Article 10
Article 16
 
Article 17
 
Article 18
 
Article 19
 
Article 20
 
Article 21
 
Article 22
 
Article 23
Article 11
Article 24
Article 12
Article 25
Article 13
Article 26
Article 14
Article 27
Article 15
Article 29
Article 16
Article 30
Article 17
Article 31
Article 18
Article 32
Article 19
Article 33
Article 20
Article 34
Article 21
Article 35
Article 22
Article 36
Article 23
Article 37
Article 24
Article 38
Article 25(1) (first and second sentence)
Article 39
 
Article 40
Article 25 (rest)
Article 41
 
Article 42
 
Article 43
 
Article 44
 
Article 45
Article 26
Article 46
 
Article 47
Article 27
Article 48
Article 28
Article 49
Article 29
Article 50
Article 30
Article 51
Article 31
Article 52
Article 32
Article 53
Article 33
Article 54
Article 34
Article 55
Article 35
Article 56
Annex A
Annex I