UK support will improve the design and quality of infrastructure built, increase the capacity of the government to deliver its own programmes and influence the policies of the largest programme of this

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 203232 203232 Core Support -5.83 - 7.47 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy Increased responsible private sector participation in sustainable infrastructure including renewable energy in poorer developing countries through increased flows of private capital & expertise.This will benefit an additional 105.1 million people by the end of 2015. 203232 203232 Core Support -0.65 - 0.83 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Increased responsible private sector participation in sustainable infrastructure including renewable energy in poorer developing countries through increased flows of private capital & expertise.This will benefit an additional 105.1 million people by the end of 2015. 300683 300683 Strengthening Ethiopia’s 28 35.90 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social Ethiopia’s rural safety net provides predictable cash and or food transfers to 8 million extremely poor people in chronically food insecure woredas (districts) in rural Ethiopia. Clients are selected for the program through a community-based targeting process. Households with able-bodied adult members are asked to work on community-planned public works in exchange for their transfers. These public works are activities like rehabilitate the natural resource base, build health posts and schoolrooms, construct and rehabilitate roads, and build other public infrastructure as prioritised by the community. Women are exempt from PW during pregnancy and 2 years postpartum. Labor-constrained households receive unconditional transfers (PDS) and are linked with complementary social services where possible. The safety net also provides livelihoods support in the form of skills training, business planning, savings promotion, credit facilitation, and, where appropriate,

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 300755 300755 Securing global wheat crops for food and nutritional security - in partnership with 3.94 5.05 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture Working in partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation on two major co-investments in wheat crop improvement, DFID’s funding will increase the nutritional quality and disease resistance of wheat crops, building the resilience of smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and contributing to global food security in the face of climate change, and emerging plant disease and pest threats. Securing global wheat crops through wheat breeding includes improving heat tolerance and increasing climate resilience in the crop varieties. 2.06 2.64 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social The Exiting Poverty in Rwanda Programme will provide support to the Government of Rwanda to help create and scale up a more sustainable, self-financed and inclusive system for supporting the most vulnerable, helping the poor manage shocks and enabling more people to sustainably exit poverty. The programme will provide financial aid to the Government of Rwanda to scale up provision of Social Protection to the poorest. It will put a stronger emphasis on sustainability and on working towards a clear exit strategy from the Social Protection Sector in the future. The focus of the programme therefore is strengthening government systems to build effectiveness, government ownership and long-term sustainability of the programme. This phase of support is expected to deliver the impact of extreme poverty eradicated, and poverty levels reduced, with an outcome of the resilience of vulnerable men, women and children and of the Social Protection systems that help sustain them enhanced. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 205118 205118 Commercial Agriculture 1.71 2.19 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase the opportunities and climate resilience of smallholder farmers through the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices which raise incomes and support biodiversity. The programme will also support sustainable and inclusive agribusiness models, particularly those which trade with smallholders, to access investment and improve the sustainability of 203852 203852 Pathways to Prosperity 0.8 1.03 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Health, General Enable 1 million people to exit extreme poverty and access a sustained pathway to prosperity, while actively promoting public and private provision of the core services required to eradicate extreme poverty. 203852 203852 Pathways to Prosperity 0.2 0.26 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Health, General Enable 1 million people to exit extreme poverty and access a sustained pathway to prosperity, while actively promoting public and private provision of the core services required to eradicate extreme poverty. 300147 300147 Reducing Insecurity and Violent Extremism in the Northern 0.4 0.51 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Conflict, Peace & To improve safety and security institutions at national level and in 6 counties that provide more effective, accountable and responsive services to a public that is actively engaged in improving safety and

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 202762 202762 Supporting Indian Trade 0.38 0.49 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Trade Policies & This project will support increased African exports to the large and growing emerging market of India. It will also help African businesses to strengthen their productive capacity and competitiveness, thereby moving away from unprocessed primary commodities, which don’t earn much. The project will operate in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. Together with African and Indian businesses, the implementer International Trade Centre (ITC) will carefully select a number of labour-intensive goods – for example leather, textiles, cotton, pulses – and tackle the problems that are holding back these goods from being sold in the Indian market. The project will be flexible and address the problems that are holding back exports to for example, it will provide market information, technical support, skills training, branding and investment. The project will tap into the large pool of Indian technical expertise and transfer some of this expertise to Africa. cooperation and avoiding conflict 0.29 0.37 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General The aim of this project is to maximise benefits to poor people from international climate change finance.
It will do this by generating evidence on the links between climate change and its impacts, and the likelihood of such impacts leading to either conflict or collaboration between and within communiteis. It will help find ways for policies and programmes to foster collaborative rather than conflictual approaches to managing the impacts of climate change at local, national and

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ cooperation and avoiding conflict 0.07 0.09 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General The aim of this project is to maximise benefits to poor people from international climate change finance. It will do this by generating evidence on the links between climate change and its impacts, and the likelihood of such impacts leading to either conflict or collaboration between and within communiteis. It will help find ways for policies and programmes to foster collaborative rather than conflictual approaches to managing the impacts of climate change at local, national and 0.13 0.17 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General To address the effects of climate change and to reduce environmental degradation in Bangladesh. The aim of the programme is to systematically improve expertise, implement innovative approaches to adaptation and environmental management, and facilitate the scale-up of proven approaches. The programme will focus explicitly on building the resilience of poor and vulnerable communities and groups, including women and children. It will support political leadership by engaging youth and civil society to build the case for climate action, and by fostering future generations of 0.13 0.17 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General To address the effects of climate change and to reduce environmental degradation in Bangladesh. The aim of the programme is to systematically improve expertise, implement innovative approaches to adaptation and environmental management, and facilitate the scale-up of proven approaches. The programme will focus explicitly on building the resilience of poor and vulnerable communities and groups, including women and children. It will support political leadership by engaging youth and civil society to build the case for climate action, and by fostering future generations of

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 300635 300635 Private Enterprise 0.02 0.03 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Industry To create investment in Zambia by building the capacity of micro, small and medium sized enterprises. The programme will aim to systematically transform the finance and investment environment for small and medium sized enterprises in Zambia, by helping companies with potential to grow and become the engine of job creation in the economy. The programme will create jobs at scale, including for women, disabled people, and rural communities with high levels of poverty. Small and medium sized enterprises supported by the programme will help to improve nutrition outcomes and improve climate resilience of smallholder farmers. It is expected that at least 5 new small and medium enterprise finance vehicles enter the Zambian market; At least 1000 small and medium sized enterprises are supported by the programme and demonstrate growth in their business; At least 50% of businesses supported should be owned or managed by women and at least 50% of the 30,000 jobs

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 300635 300635 Private Enterprise 0.07 0.09 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Industry To create investment in Zambia by building the capacity of micro, small and medium sized enterprises. The programme will aim to systematically transform the finance and investment environment for small and medium sized enterprises in Zambia, by helping companies with potential to grow and become the engine of job creation in the economy. The programme will create jobs at scale, including for women, disabled people, and rural communities with high levels of poverty. Small and medium sized enterprises supported by the programme will help to improve nutrition outcomes and improve climate resilience of smallholder farmers. It is expected that at least 5 new small and medium enterprise finance vehicles enter the Zambian market; At least 1000 small and medium sized enterprises are supported by the programme and demonstrate growth in their business; At least 50% of businesses supported should be owned or managed by women and at least 50% of the 30,000 jobs 301000 301000 Climate Action for a 0.04 0.05 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General A Technical Assistance facility will build capacity of national and subnational governments and vulnerable communities to integrate climate resilience into government-wide policy and planning and also work with the private sector, banks and financial regulators to support the integration of climate-related risks into investment decisions. A portion of the programme budget will be earmarked for coordinated policy work and regional cooperation in specific sectors or themes which require a regional approach where we have existing successful regional partnerships which can be scaled up, and or there is demand from country offices for a multi-country approach. Enable management of the programme including monitoring and evaluation, research, knowledge dissemination, communication, advisory support to country offices if required. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 301000 301000 Climate Action for a 0 - Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General A Technical Assistance facility will build capacity of national and subnational governments and vulnerable communities to integrate climate resilience into government-wide policy and planning and also work with the private sector, banks and financial regulators to support the integration of climate-related risks into investment decisions. A portion of the programme budget will be earmarked for coordinated policy work and regional cooperation in specific sectors or themes which require a regional approach where we have existing successful regional partnerships which can be scaled up, and or there is demand from country offices for a multi-country approach. Enable management of the programme including monitoring and evaluation, research, knowledge dissemination, communication, advisory support to country offices if required. 300164 300164 Climate Adaptation 0.03 0.04 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General This project will support the development of climate resilient multiple use water and renewable energy infrastructure in vulnerable rural districts of Zimbabwe.
Targeted communities will have continued access to water for productive and household use, including during droughts and floods and improved access to clean and affordable energy to support economic activities. The project will also provide technical assistance to the government and other key stakeholders to support the wider use of climate science in designing and delivering resilient water and energy infrastructure. Evidence generated through this project will be used to influence climate policy reforms and support the national climate adaptation plan. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 300164 300164 Climate Adaptation 0.01 0.01 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation General This project will support the development of climate resilient multiple use water and renewable energy infrastructure in vulnerable rural districts of Zimbabwe. Targeted communities will have continued access to water for productive and household use, including during droughts and floods and improved access to clean and affordable energy to support economic activities. The project will also provide technical assistance to the government and other key stakeholders to support the wider use of climate science in designing and delivering resilient water and energy infrastructure. Evidence generated through this project will be used to influence climate policy reforms and support the national climate adaptation plan. 201884 201884 SHEAR - Science for 0.12 0.15 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster SHEAR will support world-leading research and innovations in flood and drought risk monitoring and warning systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and landslip prone regions of South Asia. To enable greater and more effective investment in disaster resilience and earlier action to respond to imminent natural hazards by providing decision makers with enhanced risk mapping and analyses and more reliable

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 300414 300414 Essential Healthcare for the Disadvantaged in Bangladesh 0.09 0.12 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Disaster To test and support effective and sustainable models for increasing access to essential health services for 2 million disadvantaged people including estimated 138,000 disabled, living on the coast, for future scale-up. The programme will use adaptive approach and will be implemented through three inter-linked components. Component I will test innovative models for providing essential healthcare, including family planning, maternal-new-born health and nutrition services. Component II will address health needs of 138,000 disabled people by creating enabling environment, ensuring access to essential healthcare and linking them with appropriate referral centres. Component III will focus on continuous evaluation, learning and adaptation of best approaches for driving effectiveness and sustainability. In addition, building capacity to tackle climate shocks will be an integral part of the programme in the two costal divisions i.e. Sostenibles (TEFOS) – formerly 43.0 55.13 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Trade facilitation To stabilise the deforestation frontier in the areas of Colombia most acutely threatened by deforestation and affected by conflict, by improving land systems and usage rights, building capacity to effectively tackle environmental crime, and promoting sustainable forest 10.0 12.82 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Sectors not The $8 billion Climate Investment Funds (CIF) accelerates climate action by empowering transformations in clean technology, energy access, climate resilience, and sustainable forests in developing and middle income countries. The CIF’s large-scale, low-cost, long-term financing lowers the risk and cost of climate financing. It tests new business models, builds track records in unproven markets, and boosts investor confidence to unlock additional

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 0.5 0.64 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy The fund supports the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, in order to contribute to the mitigation of climate change impacts in those countries by reducing their carbon emissions. The fund focuses specifically on technical assistance, which involves building the knowledge and skills base of the industries and governments in the supported countries, as well as undertaking feasibility studies of potential low carbon energy projects. 9.5 12.18 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Urban The project aims to support cities in developing countries to plan for, and implement, ambitious climate actions. It will provide technical assistance to 15 megacities in Asia and South America to develop climate action plans consistent with the Paris Agreement, support 10 – 12 cities to develop investable business cases for climate action through the C40 Cities Finance Facility, and fund a global research and national advocacy component (in China and Mexico) to help remove barriers to city action. 2.1 2.69 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy research The Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) leverages the IEA’s unique energy expertise across all fuels and technologies to accelerate global clean- energy transitions, particularly in major emerging economies. The Programme includes collaborative analytical work, technical cooperation, training and capacity building and strategic dialogues. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Facility 28.8 36.92 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental The NAMA Facility is a targeted fund set up in 2012 by Germany and the UK to help finance measures that tackle and shift challenging sectors within a country’s climate mitigation action plans. Projects in these plans (their Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions Plans) funded by the NAMA Facility offer good potential for replication and are important building blocks towards implementing ambitious NDCs. The NAMA Facility has an open access competitive structure and projects are wide ranging in type (energy efficiency, transport, agriculture, renewables, waste) and geography (Asia, Africa and South and Central America) and noticeable for high level of country support. NDC Partnership (NDCP) 5.1 6.54 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental The NDC Partnership is a international partnership aiming to help turn countries’ climate targets under the Paris Agreement, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), into specific strategies and measures.
It also aims to achieve greater harmonisation among the various donor programmes 0.4 0.51 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Business The Global Innovation Lab (the Lab) is a public- private partnership that brings together experts from Governments, investors and civil society to discuss and help understand the barriers to investment. It works to identify, refine, and launch innovative financial instruments to attract private investment in climate change mitigation and adaptation at scale. It aims to drive billions of dollars of private investment into low- carbon, climate resilient economies. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 13.7 17.56 Committed ODA Equity Mitigation Energy UK Climate Investments (UKCI) invests in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects across sub- Saharan Africa and India to demonstrate that low carbon development is possible, replicable at scale, commercially viable and capable of lowering carbon emissions and supporting economic growth. The fund (£200m of UK International Climate Finance) provides late-stage minority equity investments on a commercial basis to get projects off the ground that would not otherwise reach financial close. Partnerships for Forests (P4F) 2.9 3.72 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry The Partnerships for Forests programme (P4F) supports investment models in which the private sector, public sector and communities can achieve shared value from forests and sustainable land use. It aims to add value to standing forests by incubating new investments in agroforestry and non-timber forest products, and helping local and indigenous community enterprises, smallholder farmers and larger businesses connect to new markets and scale up production. It can also target commodities that have traditionally driven large-scale deforestation, facilitating multi- stakeholder approaches and solutions which support transitions to sustainable production models to fulfil zero-deforestation supply-chain commitments. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 7.0 8.97 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental UK Partnering for Accelerated Climate Transitions (UK PACT) is the Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy’s (BEIS) flagship technical assistance programme and is funded via the UK’s International Climate Finance (ICF) commitment. UK PACT operates in countries with high greenhouse gas emissions that are eligible to receive Official Development Assistance (ODA) and have potential for high emissions reduction. UK PACT supports these countries to increase and implement their ambitions for emissions reductions in line with internationally agreed commitments (NDCs). UK PACT works strategically to leverage the UK’s position as a global leader in tackling climate change to provide support and share expertise, build strong relationships with other governments, and deliver Fiji Support Programme 0.7 0.90 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Public sector This programme seeks to provide £1.7M of International Climate Finance (ICF) funding for ODA- eligible activities in support of the Fijian Presidency of the UNFCCC climate negotiations in 2017-2018. The programme of activities proposed to fund will include capacity-building for the Fijian government, support to the Fijians’ Pre-COP event in October, and a series of technical workshops at the Pre-COP , COP and Bonn inter-sessional events, on issues important to Fiji,

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 1.5 1.92 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy The Carbon Initiative for Development (Ci-Dev) aims to increase the flow of international carbon finance, primarily into Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It launched in 2013 and supports climate change mitigation in pursuit of the Paris Agreement’s goals and facilitates access to cleaner energy and other poverty reducing technologies. It guarantees a revenue stream if projects deliver their expected benefits, builds local capacity to develop projects and monitor carbon emissions, and pilots projects that could serve as blueprints to increase LDC access to the international 2050 Calculator 0.8 1.03 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy research The 2050 Calculator is a revolutionarily open, transparent and interactive energy model, which was originally developed by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) (now part of BEIS -the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy) to help the UK Government plan the country’s low-carbon transition in an evidence-based way. The model allows users to try out different options for reducing emissions and to build a pathway that meets the UK’s 2050 target using an online “webtool”. 1.5 1.92 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental KEEP is a research and engagement facility that enables HMG climate leads to commission bespoke evidence and engagement activities to improve the delivery and increase the ambition of UK International Climate Finance activities, supporting developing countries to tackle climate change. It facilitates this by making funds available for research and engagement activities, filling evidence gaps and by ensuring efficient quality assurance and approval procedures. Negative ODA flow - 10.8 - 13.85 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Biosphere A number of projects have returned ODA, until this money is respent is counts as negative ODA which we have recorded against the appropriate themes. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 10.0 12.82 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy The World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) is a multi-donor trust fund that provides technical assistance to help shape global energy policies and leverage significant development financing. It primarily targets six Asian countries (China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan and Vietnam) where the most new, unabated coal-fired power generation is due to begin operation (from 2018 to 2020). ESMAP is influential in advising countries on the clean energy transition, with significant demand for its technical assistance. 2.5 3.21 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy The Climate Ambition Support Alliance (CASA) programme will work through secondary providers to provide training, in addition to technical, legal and logistical support for developing country negotiators, in order to build the capacity of the least developed and most climate vulnerable states to participate in the international negotiations process and be more effective in influencing its outcomes. 0.0 0.05 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Financial To accelerate the transformation of developing countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions into a pipeline of bankable projects, which have the potential to attract investment at scale from the private sector.
The CFA will achieve this by facilitating ‘transaction-oriented’ workshops, convening project developers, policy makers and capital market players from participant countries with UK-based green 14.2 18.21 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy ODA grant funding that supports clean energy research, development & demonstration (RD&D) to help improve the performance of innovative technologies, and to accelerate the clean energy transition to avoid the most severe impacts of climate change in developing countries. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ GB-GOV-13-ICF-StaffStaff costs 8.0 10.26 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Administrative ODA eligible costs associated with the management 0.3 0.38 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Administrative Expenditure on external legal advice, evaluation and auditing services to support ODA spend. 0.8 1.03 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Other Mandatory Subscription to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - ODA 0.7 0.90 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Other Voluntary Contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - ODA GB-GOV-13-IPCC_TFIntergovernmental Panel on 0.1 0.13 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental Supporting attendance by developing countries at Plenary meetings, scoping meetings and Group III (Mitigation) Technical 0.2 0.26 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental The Working Group III assesses the options for mitigating climate change. ODA funds are used to support TSU staff in India and to support other developing country participation. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ Congo Basin Forest Fund (CBFF) - 0.8 - 1.03 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry Programme aims to improve the the livelihoods of forest dependent communities and reduce deforestation in the Congo Basin by providing support to forest zoning, independent forest monitoring, civil society advocacy and the strengthening of legal frameworks for community forestry, as well as direct investments in community forest enterprises. The programme is expected to benefit 2.4million beneficiaries (direct and indirect). The programme will also have a demonstration effect, building a body of evidence on Community Forestry in the Congo Basin. Geography over programme lifetime : Cameroon, Rep. of Congo, Dem. Rep. of Congo, Central African Transforming Universities for a 0.62 0.79 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Research/ This project aims to strengthen the contribution of universities to addressing the causes and impacts of climate change in lower-income countries. This project addresses these questions in the context of the higher education systems of Brazil, Fiji, Kenya and sustainable energy transitions 0.11 0.14 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Research Grant - CESET is an interdisciplinary research programme for the development of Community Energy Systems (CESs) to facilitate a just sustainable energy transition that will bridge the energy

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ Politics of Energy Transition in 0.11 0.14 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Research/ This project aims to provide a “pro-poor”/”pro- marginalised” integrated approach that links stakeholders of the energy sector at all levels (local, national and non-states actors) in three Southern African countries (Zambia, Lesotho, Zimbabwe) and in Nigeria. For this it will generate robust data on the relations between different actors from the energy sector in these countries faced with the challenge of energy transition; it will then help to implement effective policies and regulations to accelerate energy transition by promoting energy democracy. Energy Catalyst Programme 8.62 11.05 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Innovate UK’s Energy Catalyst programme aims to support businesses to develop highly innovative, sustainable energy technologies and business models, which are accelerating the clean energy transition in Sub-Saharan Africa and South/South East Asia. The Catalyst provides support for early, mid and late stage innovations through grants and an Low-cost printed flexible solar cells as substitute for current integrated applications in India 0.09 0.12 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental Funding to develop a solar energy product that is low- cost to manufacture in terms of set up costs, materials and energy consumption. Benefitting the Indian Government’s target to generate 57% of India’s energy

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ A user-friendly tool for effective forest conservation set-asides in 0.08 0.11 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental We have developed and field-tested a simple, paper- based survey tool to monitor forest quality in SE Asia. The survey is a robust proxy for measuring forest quality against a range of independently sampled scientific metrics. To increase the uptake of the survey tool, we propose to develop a smartphone application. This will simplify and speed up data collection, enhance in-field training support, improve the consistency of survey responses, and streamline data aggregation and analysis. Translating monitoring data into meaningful management actions is also crucial to the implementation of successful forest conservation and we will also develop a supporting web-based dashboard for analysis and decisionmaking. Raising the value of biodiversity- incomes around Gola Rainforest 0.09 0.12 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental We propose to produce a methodologically transparent and continuously updated decision-support tool to support the notfor-profit company, Gola Rainforest Conservation Limited Group (GRC-LG) in Sierra Leone, which has identified a need to be able to audit and externally verify the effectiveness of REDD+ carbon- credit payments and premium-pricing for Rainforest- Friendly cocoa. These payment streams will thus be safeguarded, allowing sustained support of the livelihoods of 22,000 people living in and around the Gola Rainforest National Park. Creating Resilient Sustainable 0.19 0.24 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Research/ Creating Resilient Sustainable Microgrids through Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems to enable the development of sustainable and resilient energy distribution grids in rural communities of the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) Tanzania, Uganda

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ Creating Resilient Sustainable 0.19 0.24 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Research/ Creating Resilient Sustainable Microgrids through Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems to enable the development of sustainable and resilient energy distribution grids in rural communities of the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) Tanzania, Uganda 0.10 0.13 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental Fellowship award researching the role of wetland trees in atmospheric change, particularly methane emissions and carbon sequestration. Fieldwork in Mexico, Brazil and China will feed into policies on reforestation, conservation and management of wetland. 0.03 0.04 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Solar energy Collaboration between UK and a FLAIR Fellow based in Ethiopia.
Synthesis of a cost-effective solar absorber surface for heating and purifying water in rural areas, to Reduction, Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions for 0.03 0.04 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy research Collaboration between UK and a FLAIR Fellow based in Senegal. Developing high-stability electrocatalysts from local resources to build future decentralised energy vectors for Senegal at different scales. Innovative Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications as 0.15 0.19 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy research Fellowship award based in Senegal. Combining battery and supercapacitor technology to design a large-scale energy storage system to support the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in Senegal. Tackling household air pollution 0.11 0.14 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Biosphere Fellowship award based in Kenya. Research into cooking fuels used in rural communities. Kenyan homes typically use wood for fuel, with negative impacts on health (particularly of women) and the environment. This project compares emission profiles of fuels and assesses drivers/barriers to uptake of

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ holistic strategy that utilises three 0.12 0.16 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Modern biofuels Fellowship award based in South Africa. Developing alternative low-cost materials for cleaning biogas, which is used as a substitute for traditional cooking fuels in developing countries but has greater economic Building resilience using climate smart agricultural interventions in 0.11 0.15 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agricultural Fellowship award based in Ghana. Investigating ways Climate Smart Agriculture technologies can be used to equip smallholder farmers in Ghana and Africa dryland farming systems with information to improve land adaptation to climate change in Northern Vietnam by developing rapid-maturation rice varieties 0.07 0.09 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agricultural Research Grant Collaboration between UK and Vietnam. Using genomic studies to crossbreed rice varieties, producing highyielding shortlifecycle crops suitable for the growing in North Vietnam, where climate change is currently impacting negatively on emissions from tropical peatland 0.07 0.09 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental Research Grant - Collaboration between UK and Indonesia. The Indonesian government has recently in drained peatlands. This project will develop strategies to mitigate the potential climate impact of this policy whilst maintaining the livelihoods of Energy for Remote Applications 0.08 0.10 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Solar energy Research Grant - Collaboration between UK and Colombia. Developing a mobile, re-chargeable, low- maintenance Solar Thermal Storage System to provide heat to homes and businesses in the Andes Region where conventional heating is cost prohibitive. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ Textiles to exploring the global opportunity for screen 0.08 0.10 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Solar energy for Research Grant - Collaboration between UK and Mexico. Transferring manufacture of low-cost screen- printed perovskite solar cell technology to the Mexican screen-printing industry, typically used for production of 0.11 0.14 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agricultural land Fellowship award modelling how climate change interacts with land use to drive biodiversity change, and the effects on ecosystems vital to sustainable intensification of food production. This research will benefit LMICs where future expansion of agriculture will occur, enabling better planning for land use and land-use monitoring and valuation 0.11 0.13 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Rural land Using publicly available Earth Observation imagery, Vivid aim to create land-use tracking and deforestation warning systems for the Ivory Coast. This will improve monitoring to help and inform enforcement efforts, better target support to local economic development and sustainable supply chains through payment for ecosystem services (PES) schemes. Overall this will prevent forest loss and prioritise afforestation. EcoProMIS 2.0 0.97 1.24 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Rural land EcoProMIS is focussed on Colombian rice and oil palm farmers and their need to improve productivity and stabilise incomes to allow them to compete globally whilst responding to climate change and producing responsibly. The project uses satellite earth observation combined with environmental and crop data to research the impact of crop and ecosystem management on biodiversity, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, social-economic indicators and productivity. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 21 Vivid Peru - Call 1 0.05 0.06 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry Using a range of publicly available satellite imagery, Vivid will develop economic valuation and small-plot mapping tools for the Peruvian region of San Martin. The project will use high resolution Earth Observation images and digital elevation mapping in deforestation- prone areas to enable the implementation and certification of sustainable agricultural production and to reduce barriers to small-scale irrigation systems. 0.07 0.09 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Research/ This proposal presents a timely and innovative plan for the characterisation and monitoring of land-use around geothermal sites, to support social, environmental and economically sustainable growth of the Kenyan 0.07 0.09 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Research/ This proposal presents a timely and innovative plan for the characterisation and monitoring of land-use around geothermal sites, to support social, environmental and economically sustainable growth of the Kenyan Social and Environmental Trade-offs in African Agriculture 1.42 1.82 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Research/ SENITAL is a collaboration of research organisations from the UK, Ethiopia, Ghana, Uganda and Zambia that is working to enhance knowledge about impacts, risks & trade-offs among social, economic & environmental dimensions of different agricultural development pathways through high quality research. SENITAL will also work to build linkages and research capacity across all partner countries. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ Integrated digital monitoring and management of air pollution in 0.99 1.27 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Health policy and Improving population health and wellbeing in SSA’s cities, through evidence-based policies and social programmes that reduce air pollution. We will realise our aim through co-development and co-design (current proposal) and implementation, testing, documentation and promotion of an integrated digital urban air pollution monitoring system, which is suitable for the local infrastructure and social context.
East African Digital Solutions to 0.99 1.27 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Administrative This project forms a new network to co-create strategy and protocols to bring together data that relate to air pollution in East African Urban areas. It targets the capitals of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa), Kenya (Nairobi) and Uganda (Kampala). New data science techniques will be developed to synthesize disparate data streams into spatially and temporally coherent outputs, which can be used to understand historic, contemporary and future air quality. The project will provide a road map to harness the power of new data analytics and big data Youth-led adaptation for climate social action, inter-generational 0.22 0.28 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Research grant - this project develops creative, youth- led perspectives and action on climate challenges facing one of the most populous, economically important and ethnically diverse areas in Vietnam. Benefitting young people and those living in the Red River Basin in Vietnam who are affected by climate

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 1.98 2.54 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Research/ The DAMS 2.0 project is building links between UK research bodies and institutes in Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Jordan and Myanmar, as well as influential international environmental organisations and is working to provide transformative research and knowledge on how to design and plan the complex water-energy systems that minimises impact on poor people, avoids environmental degradation and provides water and energy security for all. 0.72 0.92 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Technological Demonstrate Impact supports businesses to use human centred design to develop appropriate innovations that tackle SDGs in developing countries. It is a two phase programme to support market feasibility studies and prototyping. 10 SDGs and 140 LMICs 0.72 0.92 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Technological Demonstrate Impact supports businesses to use human centred design to develop appropriate innovations that tackle SDGs in developing countries. It is a two phase programme to support market feasibility studies and prototyping. 10 SDGs and 140 LMICs 1.09 1.39 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Research Grant – supporting the sustainable growth of, and resilience to change for, Blue Economies in East Africa and South East Asia, through sustainable use of natural resources and improved coastal hazard warning and coastal management. Benefitting policy makers, resource managers and coastal managers of

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 1.66 2.12 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Education Combining the best of British and Indian solar expertise from leading institutions in both countries, the project will develop printed photovoltaic (PV) cells and innovative manufacturing processes. This will allow local production, at scale, of affordable solar energy products, which will be integrated into buildings in five Forest 2020 1.58 2.03 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Research/ This project is using EO imagery from satellites to improve forest monitoring across six partner countries (Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Ghana, Kenya, and Indonesia). It works with leading experts from the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) in leading universities in the UK and with international partners to test new forestry monitoring methods . These new methods will enable our partner countries to use more frequent, better quality data, quicker, improving the national forest monitoring systems. 0.75 0.97 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Research/ This project aims to provide accurate flood and drought predictions to farmers in Uganda and Kenya so that they are able to use that information to adjust their farming and livestock activities, with the ultimate impact of reducing the losses they would otherwise suffer from flood and drought impacts. The system is enabled through use of data with improved quality, detail and frequency from the Sentinel 1, 2 and 3 satellites (to ensure low cost) combined with SMOS/ SMAP and climate modelling/meteorological data. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ CommonSensing 4.68 6.00 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Research/ The overall aim of CommonSensing is to improve resilience towards climate change, including disaster risk reduction, and contribute to sustainable development in three selected Commonwealth Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The project will combine earth observation data to provide stakeholders with access to important information regarding disaster risks (including disaster risk planning, food security, climate risk and other environmental concerns). This information will be accessible to beneficiaries through a web portal and mobile applications. 1.28 1.64 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy The project aims to assess the feasibility (using EO data) of small island developing states to move away from fossil fuel and onto renewable energy as their primary power source. The project will use historic Earth Observation data combined with ground observations and weather models to develop a proof- of-concept energy planning tool – RE-SAT. NF_IUK_MYS_15040 Strengthening UK-Malaysian 0.25 0.33 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Small and Grants to industry-research institutions collaborators in Malaysia and UK, partnering on translational research activities related to climate change and its impact on 1.29 1.65 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental Collaborative climate science research programme between Brazilian and UK to improve understanding of recent climate changes and Brazil’s role in mitigation activities to inform international negotiations; to enhance projections of future weather and climate extremes and impacts to inform decision making and contribute to disaster risk reduction in Brazil. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 1.29 1.65 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Collaborative climate science research programme between Brazilian and UK to improve understanding of recent climate changes and Brazil’s role in mitigation activities to inform international negotiations; to enhance projections of future weather and climate extremes and impacts to inform decision making and contribute to disaster risk reduction in Brazil. 1.54 1.97 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Collaborative climate science research between Chinese and UK researchers to help better understand the likely causes of climate-related extreme events and long-term climate trends in China and East Asia region.
Increased scientific understanding will help to better mitigate the risks arising from climate 1.48 1.89 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Collaborative climate science research programme between China and UK focused on the evaluation of UK and Chinese climate model variability to further our collective understanding of the underpinning science of climate dynamics. Contribution to improvement in climate predictions of extreme events in the East Asia region for climate mitigation/adaptation decisions. 0.62 0.79 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Climate change research focused on impacts on regional water cycle and climate extremes within East Asia. Collaboration between scientists in UK and China to strengthen research capacity and increase understanding of drivers of regional drought and flooding, thus contributing to developing the capability

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 1.92 2.46 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Collaborative climate science research programme between China and UK focused on climate model development and climate prediction systems. Research into near term climate projections in China and projections of 21st century hydrological change in China aims to enable better business planning and help inform climate adaptation choices. 1.65 2.12 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Collaborative work with Chinese stakeholders to strengthen capacity in climate services, bridging the gap between information developed by scientists and service providers and the practical needs of climate-sensitive decision-makers. Development of translational science with Chinese collaborators to produce useable and useful climate science knowledge NF_STFC_IDN_142 Train Indonesian scientists on the design & analysis of experiments processes of biofuel production 0.14 0.18 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Advanced Training activities for studying novel catalytic processes of biofuel production. This will help Indonesian scientists to use UK facility to design, run and analyse experiments to turn palm oil waste into biofuels. NF_EPSRC_IND_67 Joint Virtual Clean Energy Centre 0.49 0.63 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy A joint renewable energy centre to research challenges in grid-isolated communities in India. This centre will study solar energy, smart grids, and energy storage as a complete programme of effort. NF_EPSRC_IND_75 End-use energy demand in the 0.40 0.51 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Research/ Collaborative research programme on the challenges related to reducing energy demand in the built environment in India. Reducing energy demand is a crucial requirement for sustainable economic growth in India while reducing carbon emissions and increasing energy security, also leading to improved health/ wellbeing and lower energy costs for building users. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ NF_ESRC_MEX_3 Joint collaboration between Council and Consejo Nacional de 0.28 0.36 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Educational Joint collaboration between Economic and Social Research Council and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología on Smart Cities in Mexico. These projects will look at the changes in politics, quality of life and mobility. They will also explore the changes to cities that result from the interactions between smart city technologies and urban economies, redistribution of resources, climate change, disaster risk reduction, resilience and public policies. NF_ESRC_MEX_3 Joint collaboration between Council and Consejo Nacional de 0.28 0.36 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Educational Joint collaboration between Economic and Social Research Council and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología on Smart Cities in Mexico. These projects will look at the changes in politics, quality of life and mobility. They will also explore the changes to cities that result from the interactions between smart city technologies and urban economies, redistribution of resources, climate change, disaster risk reduction, resilience and public policies. NF_IUK_ZAF_ESC SAProsumer business case for 0.10 0.13 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Solar energy for The project’s aims are to provide South African municipalities and electricity distributors with an understanding of the prosumer2 business case for rooftop PV deployment, and to assess the impact of these installations on South African 0.05 0.07 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Environmental Funding to support collaborative research between UK and Brazilian academics to understand how environmental stressors e.g. climate change, deforestation affect the ability of Brazilian ecosystems to deliver societal benefits. Outputs will inform ecosystem management & policy in Brazil

Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 0.05 0.07 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental Funding to support collaborative research between UK and Brazilian academics to understand how environmental stressors e.g. climate change, deforestation affect the ability of Brazilian ecosystems to deliver societal benefits. Outputs will inform ecosystem management & policy in Brazil 0.86 1.11 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Environmental The prorgamme aims to explore biodiversity of the Wallacea region, and through this understand tensions in land use and the adaptation of biodiversity in response to environmental change. The programme will provide solutions to support effective management, restoration, rehabilitation and exploitation of the region Blue Forests 0.74 0.95 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry The project aims to design a holistic model for mangrove forest conservation and sustainable development. Operating in Madagascar and Indonesia, the project seeks to reduce the deforestation of mangrove habitat, create new sustainable livelihoods, support community health and women’s empowerment and increase climate resilience in coastal communities. Blue Forests 0.74 0.95 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Forestry The project aims to design a holistic model for mangrove forest conservation and sustainable development. Operating in Madagascar and Indonesia, the project seeks to reduce the deforestation of mangrove habitat, create new sustainable livelihoods, support community health and women’s empowerment and increase climate resilience in coastal communities. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ FR-R&D Forest Research ICF R&D 0.04 0.05 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry This project aimed to provide Defra with initial evidence that can inform future international programming (e.g.
International Climate Finance) and international policy with regards to forest restoration and tree planting in DASGUPTA Support for the development of 0.32 0.41 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Other The project builds our understanding of interventions that are effective in protecting and enhancing biodiversity, and improve our understanding of extreme situations such as ecosystems tipping into Kew-ITT Kew Illegal Timber Trade 0.19 0.24 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Other Funding to support RGB Kew to build a reference library of timber samples to support enforcement, policy intervention and the trade in legal timber. Nature based solutions - R&D 0.22 0.28 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Forestry The research project comprises two distinct work packages i) the development of relevant biodiversity indicators; and ii) identifying ‘best buy’ options for nature-related climate finance programming. MP-UNEP Africa Centre of Excellence 0.4 0.51 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Other 1. UNEP – ACES | A programme to deliver the first Africa Centre of Excellence for Rural Cooling and Cold- chain. ACES is being established by the Governments of Rwanda and the UK, the United Nations Environment Programme’s United for Efficiency (UNEP U4E) initiative, the Centre for Sustainable Cooling, and a range of academic institutions. Provision of support for technology development and transfer Many programmes funded by the UK actively support some form of technology development or transfer in developing countries. The list below provides some Targeted area Measures and activities related to Mitigation The programme will i) partnership with Shell Foundation, enabling support to another 30+ early stage private sector innovations. ii) Innovate UK’s Energy Catalyst to stimulate technology innovation by UK iii) build other strategic clean energy innovation partnerships (e.g. testing a new ‘P2P Solar’ crowdfunding platform; and scoping a potential new partnership with Gates Foundation on Mission iv) skills and expertise development. To support early stage testing and scale up of innovative technologies and business models that will accelerate access to affordable, clean energy services for poor households and enterprises, 204867 TEA - Transforming Energy East Asia Adaptation Improve the observational basis for understanding East Asian climate variability and change by including early years’ data through digitisation, and by developing techniques, software and tools to improve gridded datasets, including at higher temporal and spatial resolution and to assess their observational basis for understanding East Asian climate variability and

Targeted area Measures and activities related to Seychelles Mitigation The project aims to assess the feasibility (using EO data) of small island developing states to move away from fossil fuel and onto renewable energy as their primary power source. The project will use historic Earth Observation data combined with ground observations and weather models to develop a proof-of-concept energy planning tool (UKSA_SC_UKSA-046) - Renewable Energy Space Analytics Tool (RESAT) Kenya, Uganda Adaptation This project aims to provide accurate flood and drought predictions to farmers in Uganda and Kenya so that they are able to use that information to adjust their farming and livestock activities, with the ultimate impact of reducing the losses they would otherwise suffer from flood and drought impacts. The system is enabled through use of data with improved quality, detail and frequency from the Sentinel 1, 2 and 3 satellites (to ensure low cost) climate modelling/meteorological data. (UKSA_NS_UKSA-042) Drought and India Mitigation Funding to develop a solar energy product that is low-cost to manufacture in terms of set up costs, materials and Low-cost printed flexible solar cells as substitute for current (1st and 2nd generation) photovoltaics for building integrated applications in India Creating Resilient Sustainable Microgrids through Hybrid Renewable development of sustainable and resilient energy distribution grids in rural Creating Resilient Sustainable Microgrids through Hybrid Renewable Ethiopia Adaptation Synthesis of a cost-effective solar absorber surface for heating and purifying water in rural areas, to (GCRF_RS_ETH_FLAIR Collaboration Biosynthesised Cost effective N2O3 solar absorber coating to heat water in

Targeted area Measures and activities related to Senegal Mitigation Developing high-stability electrocatalysts from local resources to build future decentralised energy vectors for Senegal at different scales. (GCRF_RS_SEN_FLAIR Collaboration Grants FCG\R1\201030) Sustainable Electrocatalysts based on abundant and non-critical materials for Oxygen Reduction, Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions for Senegal Mitigation Combining battery and supercapacitor technology to design a large-scale energy storage system to support the transition from fossil fuels to renewable (GCRF_RS_SEN_FLAIR Fellowships FLR\R1\190281) Innovative Electrode Applications as Supercapacitors Latin America Mitigation Developing a mobile, re-chargeable, low-maintenance Solar Thermal Storage System to provide heat to homes and Collaboration Awards ICA\R1\191201) Enabling Harvesting of Solar Energy for Remote Applications in the Andes Mexico Mitigation Transferring manufacture of low-cost screen-printed perovskite solar cell technology to the Mexican screen- printing industry, typically used for production of T-shirts and other textiles. Collaboration Awards ICA\R1\191321) Textiles to exploring the global opportunity for screen printed

Provision of Capacity-building support Many programmes funded by the UK actively support some form of support for capacity building in developing countries. The list below provides some key Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Global Mitigation UK Partnering for Accelerating Climate Transitions (UK PACT) - UK PACT will support a programme of activities which will provide low-carbon related technical assistance to a number of strategically important developing countries. Our goal is to improve the effectiveness of key institutions (public, private, civil society) in these countries so that they can deliver accelerated emission reductions. We will seek to do this in part by leveraging the skills and expertise developed in the UK over decades of experience with our own transition to a lower-carbon economy. Global Mitigation 2050 Calculator - GB-GOV-13- Working directly with 10 developing country governments to help them build their own version of the UK’s 2050 calculator. The calculator will also be developed to explore global scenarios, illustrating the impacts of these scenarios on climate change.
Global Mitigation Climate Ambition Support The Climate Ambition Support Alliance (CASA) programme will work through secondary providers to provide training, in addition to technical, legal and logistical support for developing country negotiators, in order to build the capacity of the least developed and most climate vulnerable states to participate in the international negotiations process and be more effective in influencing Global Mitigation Clean Energy Transition The Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) leverages the IEA’s unique energy expertise across all fuels and technologies to accelerate global clean-energy transitions, particularly in major emerging economies. The Programme includes collaborative analytical work, technical cooperation, training and capacity building and strategic dialogues. Asia Mitigation Clean Energy Fund Technical Assistance (CEF TA) Programme - This fund supports the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency projects in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, in order to contribute to the mitigation of climate change impacts in those countries by reducing their carbon emissions. The fund focuses specifically on technical assistance, which involves building the knowledge and skills base of the industries and governments in the supported countries, as well as undertaking feasibility studies of potential low carbon energy projects. Global Mitigation Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) - The World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP) has developed an Energy Transitions programme that targets six Asian countries (China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan and Vietnam) where the most new, unabated coal-fired power generation is due to begin operation (from 2018 to 2020). ESMAP is influential in advising countries on the clean energy transition, with significant demand for its technical assistance. Ethiopia Adaptation 300363 Building Resilience in To build Ethiopia’s resilience to climate and humanitarian shocks by seeking to support the Government of Ethiopia to lead an effective and accountable humanitarian response system. It will have four key Providing technical assistance to the Government of Ethiopia to lead and deliver an effective and accountable humanitarian response, delivering food and cash to people in humanitarian need in the most effective way, respond to emergency humanitarian needs in the most effective way and monitoring, evaluation and learning to strengthen humanitarian delivery in Ethiopia. Geography over programme Ethiopia Asia Adaptation 203842 Managing Climate Risks This programme will help cities plan for and invest in reducing the impacts of weather-related changes and extreme events, through a partnership with the Rockefeller foundation and the Asian Development Bank, on 2 million urban poor and vulnerable people in 25 medium-sized cities in 6 Asian countries (initially Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Indonesia) by improving planning processes so that they consider climate change risks, for developing and funding new investment and infrastructure opportunities, and for knowledge and lesson sharing by 2018. Geography over programme Asia Regional including Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Indonesia Malawi Adaptation 300113 Building Resilience This programme aims to strengthen the resilience of poor households in Malawi to withstand current and projected weather and climate-related shocks and stresses. This will in turn halt the annual cycle of humanitarian crises that blights people’s lives, harms poverty reduction efforts and swallows up resources. The UK will invest up to £70 million over five years (2018-2023) to provide direct benefits to 1.7 million poor and vulnerable people in Malawi (approximately 300,000 households). Geography over programme Malawi

Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Global Mitigation and adaptation 202745 Investments in Forests and To support public-private partnerships that demonstrate how companies, communities, smallholders and governments can work collaboratively to reduce deforestation and benefit forest dependent communities. Geography over programme Multiple countries including Dem. Rep. of Congo, Rep. of Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Tanzania, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic Global Adaptation 202571 Support to the Global To improve agricultural productivity in developing countries and to increase farmers’ access to markets whilst increasing the economic resilience of poor peopleglobally. Geography over programme Multiple countries Palestine/Israel Mitigation and adaptation 300667 Supporting Economic This programme will focus FCDO economic development assistance in the areas of sustainable supply of water and electricity, access & movement and trade, and fiscal losses and customs. Programme activities will support institutional capacity building and infrastructure development, working closely with the Palestinian Authority and Government of Israel. The overarching goal is to support economic growth and job creation in the OPTs. Geography over programme lifetime : Occupied Palestinian Territories Global Adaptation 202921 Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes To help up to 10 million people, especially women and children, in developing countries cope with extreme climate and weather events such as droughts, cyclones and floods (climate extremes). This will be achieved by doing three things. By making grants to civil society organisations to scale up proven technologies and practices in the Sahel, sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that help people withstand, and more quickly recover, from climate extremes. By identifying the best ways of doing this, and share this knowledge globally to increase the programme’s overall impact. By supporting national governments to strengthen their policies and actions to respond to climate extremes. These will all contribute to the Millennium Development Goals on the eradication poverty and hunger, and environmental sustainability, and also respond to the Humanitarian and Emergency Response Review recommendation that FCDO should integrate the threat from climate change into a Disaster Risk Reduction. sub-Saharan Africa Mitigation 204637 Africa Clean Energy The programme will catalyse a market based approach for private sector delivery of solar home system (SHS) products and services. This will lead to improved energy access for people in sub-Saharan Africa currently who are currently without modern energy. The programme will 1) Technical assistance to improve the enabling environment for a market based approach for private sector delivery of solar home system (SHS) products and services (Policy and Regulatory Reform, investment readiness, learning and Coordination) 2) Finance for businesses wanting to enter new and emerging SHS markets in sub-Saharan Africa for their start up and early 3) Test innovative approaches to stimulating private sector investment and a market development.
Geography over programme Africa Regional including Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leonne, Senegal South Sudan Adaptation 204019 Humanitarian Assistance To help approximately three million South Sudanese by providing critical life-saving support and helping people to better cope with shocks from conflict, drought and flooding. This programme aims to save the lives of an estimated two million people who will receive at least one form of humanitarian assistance; and build the capacity of an estimated one million people to recover and cope better with shocks. Over five years this programme will provide food, shelter and access to water and health services to millions of vulnerable people, including women and children. Geography over programme South Sudan Africa Adaptation 204624 WISER - Weather WISER will help at least 24 million people across Africa (focusing initially on East Africa) to be more resilient to natural disasters and climate change by 2030 by improving early warning systems (giving more time to prepare for heavy rains for example) as well as helping them make better decisions by knowing what the weather and climate is likely to be (enabling them to make better crop choices or alter planting times in farming, for example). We estimate that this will save over £190 million in terms of avoided damage to health,homes, livelihoods and infrastructure between now and 2030.The WISER programme will initially benefit the East African fishing and farming communities, as well as a wide range of African people, including young, old, men and boys and Geography over programme Africa Regional including Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi

Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Uganda Adaptation 204012 Northern To increase the resilience to climate change of poor farmers in Northern Uganda, and to increase their incomes. This will be achieved by working with agricultural businesses to supply farmers with cheaper, better and more varied agricultural inputs and services, and to create stronger markets for farmer produce. This will benefit 250,000 households in Northern Uganda, who will adopt new practices, products and markets that will make them more resilient to climate change, while 150,000 households will see measurable increases to income. This will contribute to the MDGs (and their successor targets) by reducing Geography over programme Uganda Africa Adaptation 300230 Transboundary Water The project will support countries in Southern Africa to manage their shared water resources, thereby helping 2-3 million poor people to better cope with the impacts of existing climate variability and climate change (especially floods and drought). It will do this by improving assessment and planning concerning these resources, anddesigning and building water infrastructure such as irrigation schemes, water supply or hydropower schemes. This will help poor and vulnerable people gain access to clean and safe water, produce a predictable agricultural yield and store water for when it is needed during the dry months of the year. The programme will also help countries to communicate hydrological data between themselves – thus providing downstream countries with advance notice of floods and enabling countries to optimise how much water is stored in each country to ensure each has enough to meet their basic requirements. Geography over programme Angola, Botswana, Dem. Rep of Congo, Tanzania, Swaziland, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe Bangladesh Adaptation 203491 Support to Bangladesh’s National Urban Poverty Reduction Improvement in the integration of poor communities into municipal planning, budgeting and management, with a particular focus on women and girls and climate resilience; piloting of options for scale up and lesson learning at national level to inform overall urban policy and poverty reduction. Geography over programme Bangladesh Zambia Mitigation and adaptation 204842 Promoting Conservation To raise agricultural productivity in Zambia, particularly small scale farmers, using climate smart agriculture techniques and facilitating commercial relationships with agriculture companies. Geography over programme Zambia Indonesia Mitigation 204623 Forestry, Land-use and To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation in Indonesia as part of the UK’s efforts to avoid catastrophic climate change that would hit the very poorest first and set back global efforts at poverty reduction. Geography over programme Indonesia Nepal Adaptation 205138 Post-Earthquake Establish partnerships with local & central government, communities and businesses to support the (I) districts effected by the Earthquake to “build back better” including leading to more resilient (including climate resilient) infrastructure and institutions; (ii) the most vulnerable recover their livelihoods and assets; and (iii) the Government of Nepal to plan for and manage the response to Geography over programme Nepal Kenya Mitigation and adaptation 300137 Regional Economic Development for Investment and The programme aims to increase sustainable and shared prosperity in Kenya by increasing Kenya’s trade with the region and the rest of the world. Specifically, the programme will (I) invest in improving the efficiency and capacity of transport, logistics and trade infrastructure at Mombasa Port and key border points; (ii)invest in systems to improve trading standards, reduce non-tariff barriers and enhance transparency in trade processes; (iii) improve the regulatory and policy environment for trade; and (iv) support private sector advocacy for trade competitiveness, the export capacity of Kenyan businesses and the greater participation of women and small and growing businesses in trade. ICF component is supporting Kenya Ports Authority to develop and implement a Green Port Policy to help the port adapt and become resilient to climate change. Key objectives include introducing new climate friendly technologies into the port’s operations. Geography over programme Kenya Kenya Mitigation and adaptation 204437 Deepening To improve the Kenyan Government’s accountability to its citizens by delivering peaceful, transparent, inclusive elections and providing support to non-governmental organisations, oversight bodies and independent commissions that can influence and deliver reforms thereby supporting the goal of making Kenya a more stable democracy. The project aims to improve county government planning, budgeting, human resource management, results, performance management and citizen engagement. In each of these areas, UK support will focus on governance, health, climate change and local economic development.
Geography over programme Kenya

Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Africa Mitigation and adaptation 203835 FCFA - Future The Future Climate for Africa programme supports world-leading science and technology to enhance understanding and prediction of sub-Saharan African climate and, through working closely with African stakeholders, bring this knowledge into use in informing major decisions, such as infrastructure investments, urban planning and national policy.The programme has three main firstly, to produce world-leading science to advance knowledge of African climate variability and change and enhance prediction of future African climate; secondly, to drive improved knowledge, methods and tools on how climate information and services can be better designed for, delivered and integrated into major decisions today and thirdly, to support international collaboration and the development of scientific capacity in Africa. Geography over programme Multiple countries Bangladesh Adaptation 205268 Strengthening humanitarian This programme will deliver improvement in disaster preparedness and response for large-scale catastrophic emergencies (e.g. earthquakes and cyclones) and recurrent, predictable events such as flooding as well as providing predictable support to Rohingya refugees and vulnerable refugee hosting communities. Geography over programme Bangladesh India Mitigation 204059 Supporting Structural Reform in the Indian Power Sector In line with the UK government’s aid policy and new development partnership with India, the ‘Supporting Structural Reform in the Indian Power Sector’ programme will improve the efficiency, reliability and sustainability of electricity supply in India through technical expertise, not through traditional grant support. It will provide world class expertise to support the market reforms and scale up of renewable energy supply that the Indian power sector needs to support growth and create jobs. It will work at the Central level and in up to three States which may include FCDO focus states such as Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Geography over programme India Africa Mitigation and adaptation 204956 CONGO - Improving Livelihoods and Land Use in Congo To improve thelivelihoods of forest dependent communities and reduce deforestation in the Congo Basin by providing support to forest zoning, independent forest monitoring, civil society advocacy and the strengthening of legal frameworks for community forestry, as well as direct investments in community forest enterprises. The programme is expected to benefit 2.4million beneficiaries (direct and indirect). The programme will also have a demonstration effect, building a body of evidence on Community Forestry in the Congo Basin. Geography over programme Cameroon, Rep. of Congo, Dem. Rep. of Congo, Central African Republic, Gabon Tanzania Adaptation 204656 Building Urban Resilience To build urban resilience to current climate variability and future climate change in Tanzania’s cities and towns through improved data and evidence, urban planning, and infrastructure provision for sustainable economic growth and development. Geography over programme Tanzania Kenya Adaptation 204788 Kenya Devolution The Kenyan Constitution, adopted by referendum in 2010, introduced far reaching devolution to 47 newly-established counties. Hopes are high that devolution will improve accountability and service delivery and contribute to poverty reduction. The purpose of this programme is to build and improve public services for Kenyan citizens, particularly focusing at the county level where poverty exists and where public service delivery is poor. The programme will improve the ability of county governments to better plan, deliver and monitor the delivery of public services. This includes working with county governments to strengthen public financial management systems(e.g. improving accounting, audit and procurement systems) to ensure that public money is effectively spent and can be accounted for. It also includes a focus on critical services for example health and natural resource management (such as water scarcity due to climate change). The programme will help county governments to improve planning Geography over programme Kenya Myanmar, Uganda, Zambia, Ethiopia Mitigation 205222 Cities and Infrastructure for The programme will provide technical support on city and regional interventions resulting in increased inclusive economic growth and job creation. The interventions will help city economies to become more productive, deliver access to reliable, affordable, renewable power for businesses and households, and strengthen investment into infrastructure services, including from the UK. Geography over programme Myanmar, Uganda, Zambia, Ethiopia

Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Ethiopia Adaptation 300237 Strengthening Climate Sanitation and Hygiene Services in Improve access to climate-resilient water and improved sanitation services and good hygiene practices for 1.2m people in the prioritised drought-affected and drought-prone areas of Ethiopia. The proposed Strengthening Climate Resilient Systems for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in Ethiopia (SCRS-WaSH) programme will contribute to the Government of Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient WaSH provision to drought-prone areas. the programme aims to realise this through a combination of targeted Financial Aid and Technical Assistance support. The FA will focus primarily on improving climate-resilient WaSH facilities which ensure year-round access to resilient WaSH services at household, community and institution levels in the targeted intervention areas. This will be complemented with TA support that focuses on strengthening the WaSH delivery systems. Geography over programme Ethiopia Pakistan Adaptation 300166 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa The programme will work on the Basic Heath, Education, Rule of law, Civilian Peace-Building, Conflict Prevention and Resolution, Public Sector Financial Management, Climate Change and Economic and Development Policy/Planning for the Tribal Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (previously called the Federally Administered Tribal Areas) in Pakistan. Geography over programme Pakistan Global Adaptation 205231 Centre for Disaster To protect poor and vulnerable people, save lives and help developing countries to get back on their feet more quickly after a disaster by working with governments to strengthen planning, embed early action, and use “risk financing” tools like insurance and contingent credit to finance more cost-effective, rapid and reliable response to emergencies. It aims to empower governments to build resilience to natural disasters and climate change, and take ownership of their risks, with more assistance delivered through pre-financed government-led systems. Funded by the UK Government Prosperity Fund.
Geography over programme Belize, Sierra Leone, Grenada, Jamaica, St Lucia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, Bangladesh, Montserrat, St Vincent & The Grenadines, Laos, Ethiopia, Somalia, Tajikistan, Nepal, Ivory Coast Sudan Adaptation 205115 Adapt Environmental and To increase understanding and integration of climate resilience and environmental managementinto delivery, plans and Geography over programme Sudan Indonesia Mitigation 205258 Green Economic The programme aims to promote green growth in Papua.It will contribute to the government of Papua’s vision and spatial plan that intends to preserve 90 per cent forest cover in the province.In doing so the programme will support the provinces transition away from a high carbon business as usual growth trajectory onto a low carbon development pathway. The programme is designed to address the key barriers to private sector development in Papua that will enable firms to pursue low carbon business opportunities. It will work directly with firms, the financial sector, and the public sector to improve the commercial and environmental sustainability of small and medium sized enterprises.In addition, the programme will generate knowledge on how green growth can be implemented in Indonesia and globally. Geography over programme Indonesia Asia 203180 Climate Proofing Growth Integrate climate change into development planning, budgeting and delivery in national and sub-national governments. This will done by strengthening planning, budgeting, delivery mechanisms, building awareness and capacity of stakeholders through technical and some implementation support. It will help to mobilise domestic and International finance. Sharing lessons and knowledge in South Asia is a key element of the project. Geography over programme Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan Nepal Adaptation 300003 Strengthening disaster This project will strengthen disaster resilience in Nepal by working with urban centres to build and plan more safely; supporting the strengthening of critical public infrastructure to earthquakes; working to strengthen national capacity to respond to crises and ensure that the international community is prepared; and ensuring that the UK is able to support a humanitarian response should Geography over programme Nepal Afghanistan Adaptation 203904 Multi-Year Humanitarian To provide support to the most vulnerable groups in Afghanistan to have access to timely, appropriate and cost-effective humanitarian aid, have fewer life-critical needs, build the capacity of communities to mitigate the risk of natural disasters, including climate risk mitigation, and to better respond to these events when they occur. Geography over programme Afghanistan

Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Nepal Mitigation 203427 Accelerating Investment To accelerate private investment and economic growth in Nepal by providing technical expertise to help Nepalese institutions develop major infrastructure (including renewable energy); improve the business climate for domestic and foreign investors; improve the implementation of economic policy and test new approaches for local economic development. This will result in at least £600 million of private investment into growth-boosting sectors and a reduction by at least 10% in time or cost for at least five regulatory processes perceived as burdensome by the private sector. Geography over programme Nepal Global Mitigation and adaptation 204773 Applied Research on Assisting policy makers in Low Income Countries to make better decisions about when, and how, to prioritise investment in high cost energy infrastructure.Through improved research and evidence on how to maximise the economic benefits of large scale energy projects, and a better understanding of how to bring the benefits of modern energy services to poorer people in Geography over programme Developing countries unspecified Africa Adaptation 300245 Regional Supporting countries in the Southern Africa Development Community to measure vulnerability to climate change and use this to inform and strengthen emergency and development responses. Geography over programme Angola, Botswana, Dem. Rep. of Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Dominica Adaptation 300686 Support for the To provide support for the operation of the Climate Resilience Execution Agency of Dominica from 2019-2023in order to implement Dominica’s climate resilience and recovery plan. The Climate Resilience Execution Agency of Dominica is expected to support delivery of key recovery and reconstruction projects, build capacity and transform systems in the public sector so that Dominica is able build back better post Hurricane Maria and quickly recover from future disasters. Geography over programme Dominica India Mitigation and adaptation 300110 Smart Urban Development Provide UK support on urban governance, planning, finance and city partnerships to deliver Government of India’s urban development programmes in select UK-India partner cities. The support will bring the best expertise from the UK to help create economically vibrant, safe and climate resilient cities in India. Geography over programme India Indonesia Mitigation 300424 Reducing Deforestation Through Improved Spatial Planning The objective of the programme is to support Indonesia and the provinces of Papua and West Papua to improve spatial plan processes and implementation in order to prevent deforestation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Technical assistance will be provided to improve the revision and implementation of Papua and West Papua provincial spatial plans; to improve transparency and build constituency in spatial planning at provincial level; and to foster national policy dialogue and engagement to support Papua’s commitment to protect its forest. Support will be focused largely on two provinces – Papua and West Papua – and relevant national ministries (particularly Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning), which offer the potential to realise significant reductions in emissions through improved land use planning and economic development strategies which recognise the value of forests to the provincial economies.
Geography over programme Indonesia Indonesia Mitigation 300186 Economics of Low Carbon To contribute to national debate on economic costs and benefits of unilateral and regional actions on mitigation and adaptation; to raise awareness about the urgency of climate change challenges and their potential socioeconomic impact on Indonesia, while informing other stakeholders (e.g., civil society, academia, media, nongovernment organizations, private sector, and aid agencies) of the same; and to indirectly support government and private sector actions in Indonesia to mitigate and adapt to Geography over programme Indonesia Africa Adaptation 203469 African Risk Capacity (ARC) To support a parametric (index-based) weather risk insurance pool that will provide participating African countries with predictable, quick-disbursing funds with which to implement pre-defined contingency response plans in the case of a drought. Geographic footprint over duration of Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Niger, Malawi

Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Global Adaptation 203506 CARIAA - Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Research to identify what works and what doesn’t in terms of cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve the resilience and capacity to adapt to climate change of the poorest and most vulnerable people and communities in three climate change ‘hot spots’ – semi-arid regions of Africa and Central and South Asia; low-lying heavily populated deltas of Africa and South Asia and; densely populated river basins dependent on snow-pack or glaciers. Geography over programme Multiple countries Tanzania Mitigation and adaptation 204804 Accountability in Tanzania To empower Tanzanian citizens and strengthen civil society by providing grants and capacity building support to selected civil society organisations, to increase the accountability and responsiveness of government and the resilience of citizens to climate change. This contributes towards the Millennium Development Goals by ensuring Tanzanians are increasingly able to exercise Geography over programme Tanzania Rwanda Adaptation 204940 Improving Market Systems for Agriculture in Rwanda IMSAR IMSAR will commercialise agriculture through improving the way agricultural market systems function. It will identify market failures and provide the necessary agricultural expertise and finance required to help address them. This will benefit the poor as producers,employees and consumers, and small and medium size business, resulting in increased sales among farmers and agro-enterprises, increase in the percentage of Rwandan agricultural produce that has value-added and an increase in export diversification. Given the strong link between income, income diversity, and the ability to adapt to the effects of climate change, IMSAR will help building poor households’ resilience to current and future climate threats through improving access to input and output markets, increasing opportunities to diversify their production, and increasing non-farm income sources as an alternative to agriculture. This will help decreasing their sensitivity to climate change and improving their adaptive capacity. Geography over programme Rwanda Global Adaptation 204250 Infrastructure and Cities for To improve the enabling environment for sustainable, inclusive growth-enhancing infrastructure service delivery in focus countries; and, Harness the benefits of cities for sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction in focus countries. The ICED programme can help deliver low carbon growth and resilient economic growth which sustainably manage our natural resources. Geography over programme Developing countries unspecified Rwanda Adaptation 204941 Sustainable Inclusive The project supports job creation and increased incomes by working with smallholder farmers to develop greenfield tea. The Wood Foundation Africa (TWFA) will set up and run two Services Companies supporting approximately 12,000 smallholder tea farmers over 7,500 hectares. Farmers will be supported to produce tea for the first time, employing best farming practices, including understanding and managing climate risk and variability. The Services Company will be co-owned by the farmers. This will lead to improved incomes and livelihoods (in particular nutrition and education) for the farmers and their families. Unilever and Luxmi will build a factory which will heavily rely on the tea supplied by the smallholder farmers with support from The Wood Geography over programme Rwanda India Mitigation and adaptation 300109 Technical Assistance for To enhance the potential of Indian cities in poorer and developing states such as Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra to promote growth and jobs creation. UK support will achieve this by developingpartnerships with UK urban planning, research and business organisations to help India cities develop investment plans, attract finance and deliver smart urban solutions that create jobs for the urban poor. Activities including climate resilient infrastructure, climate and disaster risk insurance, renewable energy and water management. Geography over programme India Global Adaptation 202817 Adaptation for Smallholder To provide knowledge and best practices to help over 6 million smallholder farmers in up to 43 countries adapt to climate change. Grants will be made build small scale water-harvesting, water storage and irrigation systems for farmers; provide farmers with improved seeds that are drought tolerant; help farmers access markets to sell their crops; to plant trees on farms and introduce soil and water conservation practices; and, enable farmers to access daily and seasonal weather forecasts (e.g. using text messages) so they know when best to plant and harvest crops.” Geography over programme Multiple countries

Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Rwanda Adaptation 203927 Rwanda Multi- Strengthened civil society engagement on critical social cohesion, reconciliation and governance issues in Rwanda, prioritising four policy (I) access to services amongst people with disabilities; (ii) sustainable agriculture; (iii) coordination of responses to gender-based violence (GBV); and (iv) promoting reconciliation in relation to the 1994 Genocide.UK will provide funding and technical support to Rwandan civil society organisations to support the design and implementation of governance and reconciliation focused initiatives, and to support more effective engagement (influencing) with government on these issues. Geography over programme Rwanda India Adaptation 204135 Bihar Agriculture Growth To significantly improve the performance of the agriculture sector in Bihar by improving access to markets for identified agriculture and horticulture products, access to finance, knowledge and technology, and institutional capacity for market regulation and support farmers in building resilience to the impacts of climate change such as drought and flooding.
This will reflect higher private sector investment, higher production and higher price realisation by 1,00,000 farmers. Geography over programme India Rwanda Mitigation and adaptation 204456 Programme of Support to To sustainably increase the agricultural productivity of poor farmers by transforming Rwandan agriculture from a subsistence- based to a more commercial-based sector that accelerates agricultural growth. This will help address challenges that may limit agriculture productivity, reduce the rate at which poverty is falling, increase inequality and hamper improvements in food security and malnutrition. The programme will build resilience to climate variability and improve sustainable management of agricultural land by increasing soil erosion control, small scale irrigation and strengthening sustainability and resilience strategies. The programme will result in increased agricultural productivity, food security and incomes of poor households and contributes towards the MDG’s by helping to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and; promoting gender equality and empowering women. Geography over programme Rwanda Bangladesh Adaptation 204468 Strengthening Economic To increase the dialogue on economic reforms, and support the Government of Bangladesh to make more pro-poor economic policies, including building evidence on the macro-economic impact of climate change and the economic impact of climate- Geography over programme Bangladesh Caribbean Adaptation 300674 Building the capacity of the Caribbean Disaster Emergency To provide operational support to the CDEMA coordinating unit and national disaster offices for strengthening procurement, contract and logistics management during emergencies. Geography over programme Caribbean Global Mitigation and adaptation 205142 The India-UK Global Strengthened UK-India global development partnership that will facilitate the sharing of development experience, expertise and policy positions including scaling up solar power and the improving the resilience of infrastructure systems to climate and Geography over programme developing countries unspecified Tanzania Mitigation 204365 Improving Energy Access in Tanzania through Green Mini-Grids To improve access to clean, safe and reliable energy for Tanzanians, particularly the rural poor. This includes support for green mini-grids and technical assistance for energy access companies and project developers. Geography over programme Tanzania China Adaptation (MO_CHN_478 & 476) Assess model simulations of European and Collaborative climate science research programme between Chinese and UK to develop an enhanced understanding of underpinning climate dynamics and use of this to critically examine the performance of China and UK climate models and predictions.These models underpin climate services needed to support economic development and welfare. China Adaptation (MO_CHN_484) Accelerated improvements to climate models science research between China Grants to develop methods to derive robust information on uncertainties in future climate variability and change in East Asia during the 21st century to help inform decision making and impacts analysis. China Adaptation (MO_CHN_488 & 485) Integration of all activities across Climate Science China and UK collaborative development of translational science - a multi-disciplinary approach to bridge the gap between climate science and society to produce useable knowledge and applications. Development of case studies to demonstrate the value of climate science for services by translating climate information into beneficial decisions. Recipient country/region Targeted area Programme or project title Description of programme or project Asia Adaptation (MO_CHN_479 & 481) Increase the understanding of East Asian climate variability and assessment of its predictability for improving climate prediction skills over East Asia on seasonal to decadal timescales. Climate change research focused on impacts on regional water cycle and climate extremes within East Asia.Collaboration between scientists in UK and China to strengthen research capacity and increase understanding of drivers of regional drought and flooding, thus contributing to developing the capability of early warning methodology. Brazil Mitigation and adaptation (MO_BRA_512) Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP - Brazil) Collaborative climate science research programme between Brazilian and UK to improve understanding of recent climate changes and Brazil’s role in mitigation activities to inform international negotiations; to enhance projections of future weather and climate extremes and impacts to inform decision making and contribute to disaster risk reduction in Brazil. Brazil Mitigation and adaptation (MO_BRA_491) Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP - Brazil) To strengthen the climate science and research relationship between Brazil and the UK.To work in partnership with Brazilian research institutes with the aim of improving climate and carbon cycle modelling to help inform future policy and climate service. Guatemala Mitigation (UKSA_GT_UKSA-045) Astrostat Forest Management and Protection The key aims of this project are to provide Guatemala with a centralised Forestry Management support tool that allows them to; monitor changes in the forestry canopy to look for deforestation or logging activities, identify illegal logging sites to facilitate intervention and prosecution provide information for evidence in legal proceedings. This will support Guatemala in their abilities to manage forests through knowledge exchange, capacity building and training. It will also establish a certified product for sustainable forestry management in the Central American region enabling wider roll out of the system to neighbouring countries. Indonesia Mitigation (NF_STFC_IDN_142) Train Indonesian scientists on the design & analysis of experiments to explore novel catalytic processes of biofuel production from palm oil waste Training activities for studying novel catalytic processes of biofuel production. This will help Indonesian scientists to use UK facility to design, run and analyse experiments to turn palm oil waste into biofuels. Global Mitigation UK Blue Carbon Fund The Fund will promote the sustainable management, conservation and restoration of mangrove habitats by developing and embedding operational blue carbon markets across the Caribbean and Latin America that provide local communities with a sustainable income and assist in moving low-income countries towards low-emission, climate-resilient development. Includes capacity building.
Description of selected projects or programmes that promote practicable steps to facilitate and/or finance the transfer of, or access to, environmentally The UK publishes details of it’s climate finance programmes on Transforming Energy Access (TEA) Accelerate innovation and scale-up of clean energy technologies and business models, contributing to an inclusive clean energy transition in developing countries Recipient Total Years in Global Energy Innovation £225m (over 10 years, 2016-2026) 6 years (2016-2022) Transforming Energy Access is the flagship FCDO research and innovation programme, supporting early-stage testing and scale-up of innovative technologies and business models that accelerate access to affordable, clean energy for poor households, enterprises, and social institutions in developing countries in Sub- Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Indo-Pacific region. This includes energy generation technologies, as well as efficient appliances, smart energy systems, and Between 2016/17 and 2021/22, the programme has already improved clean energy access for 16 million people in developing countries; leveraged £890 million of additional investment into clean energy technology research, innovation and scale-up from both private and public sources; created 96,000 sustainable long-term jobs; stimulated UK-led research and development of nearly 500 new clean energy technologies and business models; supported 1,100 African graduates and trainees with placements in clean energy access businesses; and led to the avoidance of 1.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions (equivalent to the annual carbon footprint of an estimated quarter of a million people in the UK). Factors that led to project/programme’s Experienced and knowledgeable Tier 1 implementing partners with well defined mandates and roles within the programme Strong network of like-minded public and philanthropic co-funders leveraging up TEA funds and also results Large and diverse downstream network of innovators, entrepreneurs, researchers and non-profits, including local organisations with knowledge of the local context Clear theory of change for the programme, aligning with key UK and global climate and development objectives, iterated for phase 2 based on phase 1 learnings. Line of sight to commercial viability, and strong market interest in broader energy transition technologies, leading to substantial private sector investment leverage Clear and well-structured management and reporting systems managing flow of funds down, and results and learnings up, through delivery Tiers. Wide range of individual and integrated technologies supported across the clean energy access sector, both on and off-grid, clean energy supply, efficient appliances and smart delivery systems including energy storage, smart grid etc. Impact on greenhouse gas emissions/removals: The UK publishes annual fund level results including on greenhouse gas emission reductions at

Description of selected projects or programmes that promote practicable steps to facilitate and/or finance the transfer of, or access to, environmentally The UK publishes details of it’s climate finance programmes on Creating Resilient Sustainable Microgrids through Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (GCRF) This project was funded under EPSRC's GCRF Resilient and sustainable energy networks for developing countries call. The project goal is to enable the development of sustainable and resilient energy distribution grids in rural communities of the low- and middle-income countries Tanzania, Uganda and Republic of the Congo, where currently at most 10% of the rural population has access to electricity. This will be achieved by designing a scalable low-cost microgrid infrastructure based on a novel planning methodology that incorporates real-time operational strategies and sustainable generation flexibility at the system design stage to reduce the investment requirements and increase sustainability. Recipient Total Years in Congo, Indonesia, Tanzania and Uganda Energy research Project budget is £1,259,750 2018-2022 This project focuses on energy distribution in off-grid communities with a population of around 4000 inhabitants, a size that has been recommended by our African project partners as being the practical optimum for implementation. The research has an integrated approach to ensure that the design of the system is maintainable, has good longevity with low cost, meets diverse community energy needs and is resilient to natural hazards. A sustainable electricity network can be created by using different types of renewable energy sources (RES) (e.g., wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy). However, the optimal design for a sustainable electricity network is a function of different inputs, such as weather conditions, which significantly affect RES power generation at various locations. In this research project, the open-source Python-based Energy Planning (PyEPLAN) tool, which is developed at University of Leeds, is used to obtain the optimal topology for a sustainable electricity network for the partner country case studies. Factors that led to project/programme’s The micro-grid design tool, PyePlan, has been developed to be an open access resource available to anyone with an interest in designing a micro-grid. It integrates outputs from all three work packages in the electrical engineering, generation and socio-economic. The project team is the process of creating a user-friendly web interface with instruction manuals and tutorials.
Impact on greenhouse gas emissions/removals: The UK publishes annual fund level results including on greenhouse gas emission reductions at

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 746 (Summary1.As1 to Summary1.As3 from CRF tables) CH4 N2O HFCs(1) PFCs(1) Unspecified Total national emissions and removals 608,632.73 5,382.72 166.94 14,400.73 1,648.64 NO,NE 0.05 0.00 2,923.28 7,622.07 2,786.71 3,586.95 Energy 556,856.29 1,496.20 12.40 2,827.10 6,748.47 1,715.16 3,492.00 ference approach(2) 546,361.55 Sectoral approach(2) 550,069.21 129.44 12.25 2,822.93 6,692.43 1,061.80 3,470.84 nergy industries 238,058.47 9.33 4.82 819.95 140.85 9.66 2,686.40 anufacturing industries and construction 77,0 47.10 4.59 1.06 367.10 394.45 29.26 401.76 ansport 119,750.59 50.68 4.84 1,345.59 5,051.02 928.16 156.36 ther sectors 109,919.62 64.70 1.34 251.33 1,094.48 92.60 215.23 ther 5,293.44 0.14 0.19 38.96 11.63 2.11 11.09 ugitive emissions from fuels 6,787.0 8 1,366.76 0.15 4.17 56.03 653.37 21.16 olid fuels 1,698.56 873.07 0.00 0.53 39.06 223.62 20.68 il and natural gas and other emissions from 5,088.52 493.68 0.15 3.64 16.97 429.75 0.49 Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 747 CH4 N2O HFCs(1) PFCs(1) Unspecified dustrial processes and product use 43,090.96 11.68 81.93 14,400.73 1,648.64 NO,NE 0.05 0.00 44.18 625.82 933.58 87.17 eral industry 10,133.32 NO 5.30 4.74 14.10 ical industry 6,975.59 8.87 79.86 14,386.73 17.55 NO NO NO 18.36 90.25 164.69 40.12 tal industry 25,429.25 1.57 0.07 NO 1,553.11 0.02 24.28 516.92 4.45 28.41 energy products from fuels and solvent use 552.81 NO,IE NO,NE,IE NO,IE NO,IE 669.89 1.87 ctronic industry 5.55 NO,NE,IE NO,NE NO,NE,IE 0.00 oduct uses as substitutes for ODS 8.45 NO her product manufacture and use NE NO 2.00 77.9 8 0.04 0.20 6.00 0.53 NO ther(3) IE,NE,NO 1.24 NO 1.34 7.35 89.29 2.67 griculture 1,344.46 1,171.99 61.15 44.39 191.24 118.95 NO nure management 166.35 11.52 72.49 icultural soils NE 48.83 35.94 NE 42.83 escribed burning of savannas NO NO NO NO NO ld burning of agricultural residues 7.46 0.19 6.44 190.77 3.63 her carbon-contining fertilizers NO ther 3.55 10.85 0.60 2.01 0.47 0.01 NO

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 748 CH4 N2O HFCs(1) PFCs(1) Unspecified and use, land-use change and forestry (4) 5, 980.65 189.73 8.25 0.85 18.72 NO NO orest land (4) -13,992.50 3.50 2.53 0.09 3.47 NO Cropland (4) 15,947.46 11.68 2.47 0.00 0.13 NO Grassland (4) 114.65 95.43 0.09 0.66 11.78 NO Wetlands (4) 571.12 78.47 0.07 NO NO NO Settlements (4) 5,427.63 0.15 1.48 0.09 3.33 NO ther land (4) NO NO NO NO NO NO arvested wood products (4) -2 ,087.72 Other (4) NO,IE 0.51 0.59 NO NO NO NO Waste 1,360.37 2,513.13 3.21 6.76 37.83 19.01 7.78 olid waste disposal (5) NO,NE 2,415.58 NO,NE NO,NE 8.97 iological treatment of solid waste (5) 0 .73 0.04 NE NE NE ncineration and open burning of waste (5) 1,360.37 5.45 0.17 6.76 37.83 9.68 7.78 astewater treatment and discharge (5) 9 1.37 3.00 NO,NE NO,NE 0.35 Other (5) NO NO NO NO NO NO NO 6. Other (please specify) NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO nternational bunkers 24,271.88 0.44 0.91 286.88 28.68 13.15 143.20 Aviation 15,390.62 0.31 0.49 68.55 19.98 6.48 2.94 Navigation 8,881.27 0.13 0.42 218.33 8.70 6.67 140.26 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE CO2 emissions from biomass 3,849.14 Long-term storage of C in waste disposal sites NE

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 749 CH4 N2O HFCs(1) PFCs(1) Unspecified (1) The emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unspecified mix of HFCs and PFCs and other fluorinated gases are expressed as carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions. (2) F or verification purposes, Parties to the UNFCCC are requested to report the results of their calculations using the Reference approach. For estimating national total emissions, the results from the Sectoral (3) 2.H. Other includes pulp and paper and the food and beverages industry. (4) For the purposes of reporting, the signs for removals are always negative (-) and for emissions positive (+). (5) CO2 from categories solid waste disposal on land and waste incineration are only included if it stems from non-biogenic or inorganic waste streams. Only emissions from waste incineration without energy recovery are to be reported in the waste sector, whereas emissions from incineration with energy recovery are to be reported in the energy sector. (6) P arties to the UNFCCC are asked to report emissions from international aviation and international navigation and multilateral operations, as well as CO 2 emissions from biomass and CO2 captured, under Memo Items. These emissions should not be included in the national total emissions from the energy sector. Amounts of biomass used as fuel are included in the national energy consumption but the corresponding 2 emissions are not included in the national total as it is assumed that the biomass is produced in a sustainable manner. If the biomass is harvested at an unsustainable rate, net CO2 emissions are accounted for as a loss of biomass stocks in the Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry sector.
8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 750 (Summary1.As1 to Summary1.As3 from CRF tables) CH4 N2O HFCs(1) PFCs(1) Unspecified Total national emissions and removals 324,026.26 2,065.49 70.75 12,208.81 159.79 NO 0.02 0.00 712.37 1,308.98 787.16 138.48 Energy 304,262.12 235.56 7.23 666.88 1,015.13 189.66 120.45 ference approach(2) 299,720.18 Sectoral approach(2) 300,819.52 48.22 7.12 664.47 999.02 83.64 111.18 nergy industries 76,089.41 15.28 2.35 144.89 71.93 3.03 32.72 anufacturing industries and construction 38,946.24 5.37 0.84 133.26 342.76 18.21 26.96 ansport 96,405.28 3.07 3.26 288.50 197.0 8 31.58 6.13 ther sectors 87,974.70 24.46 0.62 86.78 384.20 30.26 44.36 ther 1,403.89 0.04 0.05 11.02 3.06 0.55 1.00 ugitive emissions from fuels 3,442.60 187.34 0.10 2.41 16.11 106.02 9.27 olid fuels 197.11 18.99 0.00 0.08 7.61 1.04 9.01 il and natural gas and other emissions from 3,245.49 168.35 0.10 2.33 8.50 104.98 0.26 ndustrial processes and product use 21,225.07 3.23 2.72 12,208.81 159.79 NO 0.02 0.00 14.34 215.47 456.59 17.50 ineral industry 5,659.21 NO 0.78 0.73 3.16 mical industry 4,513.43 2.69 0.17 NO 76.13 NO NO NO 4.60 29.83 12.80 0.73 etal industry 10,672.94 0.44 0.02 1.48 4.28 0.00 8.49 176.44 1.77 10.14 -energy products from fuels and lectronic industry 24.42 NO,NE,IE NO NO,IE 0.00 roduct uses as substitutes for ODS 12,182.92 NO ther product manufacture and use NE NO 2.53 79.38 0.02 0.06 1.85 0.16 NO Other(3) NO,NE,IE 0.10 NO 1.19 6.57 117.57 2.39

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 751 CH4 N2O HFCs(1) PFCs(1) Unspecified Agriculture 1,184.56 9 97.71 48.91 27.43 NO,NE,NA 131.84 NO anure management 152.48 9.44 76.20 gricultural soils NE 39.09 25.70 NE 55.64 rescribed burning of savannas NO NO NO NO NO eld burning of agricultural residues NO NO NO NO NO ther carbon-contining fertilizers NO Other 3.14 7.73 0.38 1.73 NO,NE,NA NO,NE,NA NO and use, land-use change and forestry (4) -2,894.43 195.09 5.99 1.72 52.70 NO NO orest land (4) -17,933.72 4.13 2.39 0.33 11.92 NO Cropland (4) 14 ,403.93 11.17 1.34 0.00 0.05 NO Grassland (4) -1 ,873.95 96.84 0.11 0.80 20.09 NO Wetlands (4) 6 05.99 81.74 0.08 0.18 6.28 NO Settlements (4) 4,032.04 0.63 0.98 0.40 14.36 NO ther land (4) NO NO NO NO NO NO arvested wood products -2,128.72 Other (4) N O,IE 0.58 0.51 NO NO NO NO 5. Waste 248.95 633.90 5.90 2.00 25.67 9.07 0.53 olid waste disposal (5) NO,NE 516.49 NO,NE NO,NE 2.07 iological treatment of solid waste (5) 4 8.67 2.40 NE NE NE ncineration and open burning of waste (5) 248.95 0.30 0.09 2.00 25.67 6.55 0.53 astewater treatment and discharge (5) 6 8.45 3.41 NO,NE NO,NE 0.45 Other (5) NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 752 CH4 N2O HFCs(1) PFCs(1) Unspecified 6. Other (please specify) NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO nternational bunkers 22,817.39 0.17 0.85 268.27 17.40 7.25 25.93 Aviation 14,340.69 0.05 0.46 77.07 9.11 1.24 7.28 Navigation 8,476.70 0.12 0.39 191.20 8.28 6.01 18.66 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE NE NE NE CO2 emissions from biomass 47,197.54 Long-term storage of C in waste disposal sites NE (1) The emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), unspecified mix of HFCs and PFCs and other fluorinated gases are expressed as carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions. (2) F or verification purposes, Parties to the UNFCCC are requested to report the results of their calculations using the Reference approach. For estimating national total emissions, the results from the Sectoral (3) 2.H. Other includes pulp and paper and the food and beverages industry. (4) For the purposes of reporting, the signs for removals are always negative (-) and for emissions positive (+). (5) CO2 from categories solid waste disposal on land and waste incineration are only included if it stems from non-biogenic or inorganic waste streams. Only emissions from waste incineration without energy recovery are to be reported in the waste sector, whereas emissions from incineration with energy recovery are to be reported in the energy sector. (6) P arties to the UNFCCC are asked to report emissions from international aviation and international navigation and multilateral operations, as well as CO 2 emissions from biomass and CO2 captured, under Memo Items. These emissions should not be included in the national total emissions from the energy sector. Amounts of biomass used as fuel are included in the national energy consumption but the corresponding 2 emissions are not included in the national total as it is assumed that the biomass is produced in a sustainable manner. If the biomass is harvested at an unsustainable rate, net CO2 emissions are accounted for as a loss of biomass stocks in the Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry sector.
8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 753 Summary Report for CO2 equivalent – 1990 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6 Unspecified Total (net emissions) (1) 608,632.73 134,568.06 49,746.71 14,400.73 1,648.64 1,200.60 NO,NE 0.12 810,197.59 Energy 556,856.29 37,40 4.9 6 3,695.15 597,9 56.40 uel combustion (sectoral approach) 550,069.21 3,235.99 3,650.37 556,955.57 nergy industries 238,058.47 233.19 1,436.84 239,728.50 77,0 47.10 114.73 315.38 77,477.21 ansport 119,750.59 1,267.03 1,442.35 122,459.97 ther sectors 109,919.62 1,617.48 399.67 111,936.78 ther 5,293.44 3.56 56.12 5,353.12 ugitive emissions from fuels 6,787.0 8 34,168.97 44.78 41,000.83 olid fuels 1,698.56 21,826.86 0.09 23,525.51 il and natural gas 5,088.52 12,342.11 44.69 17,475.32 CO2 transport and storage NO NO ndustrial processes and product use 43,090.96 291.95 24,414.03 14,400.73 1,648.64 1,200.60 NO,NE 0.12 85,047.03 ineral industry 10,133.32 10,133.32 mical industry 6,975.59 221.63 23,797.38 14,386.73 17.55 NO NO NO 45,398.88 etal industry 25,429.25 39.22 20.73 NO 1,553.11 387.17 27,429.48 -energy products from fuels and lectronic Industry 5.55 NO,NE,IE NO,NE,IE NO,NE 0.12 5.67 roduct uses as ODS substitutes 8.45 NO 8.45 ther product manufacture and use NE NO 595.92 77.9 8 813.43 1,487.33 Other IE,NE,NO 31.11 NO 31.11

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 754 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6 Unspecified Agriculture 1,344.46 29,299.66 18,222.59 48,866.71 nteric fermentation 24,683.01 24,683.01 anure management 4,158.78 3,433.79 7,592.57 gricultural soils NE 14,552.30 14,552.30 rescribed burning of savannas NO NO NO eld burning of agricultural residues 186.57 57.6 6 244.23 rea application 326.88 326.88 ther carbon-containing fertilizers NO NO Other 3.55 271.30 178.84 453.68 5,980.65 4,743.36 2,457.81 13,181.82 orest land -13,992.50 87.54 752.90 -13,152.05 Cropland 15,947.46 291.94 734.60 16,974.00 Grassland 114.65 2,385.87 25.82 2,526.34 Wetlands 571.12 1,961.70 21.29 2,554.12 Settlements 5,427.63 3.66 440.67 5,871.96 arvested wood products -2,087.72 -2,087.72 Other NO,IE 12.65 177.0 5 189.69

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 755 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6 Unspecified Waste 1,360.37 62,828.14 957.12 65,145.63 olid waste disposal NO,NE 60,389.54 60,389.54 iological treatment of solid waste 18.13 12.97 31.10 ncineration and open burning of 1,360.37 136.32 50.93 1,547.61 aste water treatment and discharge 2,284.15 893.23 3,177.38 6. Other (as specified in summary 1.A) NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO nternational bunkers 24,271.88 11.07 270.70 24,553.65 Aviation 15,390.62 7.75 145.62 15,543.98 Navigation 8,881.27 3.32 125.08 9,009.67 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE CO2 emissions from biomass 3,849.14 3,849.14 Long-term storage of C in waste Total CO2 equivalent emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry 797,015.77 Total CO2 equivalent emissions with land use, land-use change and forestry 810,197.59 Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, without land use, land-use change and forestry NA Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, with land use, land-use change and forestry NA (1) For carbon dioxide (CO2) from land use, land-use change and forestry net emissions/removals are reported. For the purposes of reporting, the signs for removals are always negative (-) and for emissions positive (+). 8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 756 Summary Report for CO2 equivalent – 2020 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6 Unspecified Total (net emissions) (1) 324,026.26 51,6 37.16 21,084.28 12,208.81 159.79 406.94 NO 0.36 409,523.61 Energy 304,262.12 5,888.92 2,153.93 312,304.97 uel combustion (sectoral approach) 300,819.52 1,205.46 2,123.02 304,148.00 nergy industries 76,089.41 382.05 701.08 77,172.54 38,946.24 134.17 250.62 39,331.03 ansport 96,405.28 76.72 971.46 97,453.45 ther sectors 87,974.70 611.59 185.06 88,771.36 ther 1,403.89 0.93 14.79 1,419.61 ugitive emissions from fuels 3,442.60 4,683.46 30.91 8,156.97 olid fuels 197.11 474.70 0.02 671.83 il and natural gas 3,245.49 4,208.76 30.89 7,485.14 CO2 transport and storage NO NO ndustrial processes and product use 21,225.07 80.76 810.85 12,208.81 159.79 406.94 NO 0.36 34,892.59 ineral industry 5,659.21 5,659.21 mical industry 4,513.43 67.21 51.08 NO 76.13 NO NO NO 4,707.85 etal industry 10,672.94 10.93 7.12 1.48 4.28 27.44 10,724.19 -energy products from fuels and lectronic Industry 24.42 NO,NE,IE NO,IE NO 0.36 24.78 roduct uses as ODS substitutes 12,182.92 NO 12,182.92 ther product manufacture and use NE NO 752.65 79.38 379.50 1,211.53 Other NO,NE,IE 2.62 NO 2.62

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 757 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6 Unspecified Agriculture 1,184.56 24,942.83 14,575.36 40,702.74 nteric fermentation 20,937.6 0 20,937.6 0 anure management 3,812.01 2,813.54 6,625.55 gricultural soils NE 11,648.42 11,648.42 rescribed burning of savannas NO NO NO eld burning of agricultural residues NO NO NO rea application 233.59 233.59 ther carbon-containing fertilizers NO NO Other 3.14 193.22 113.40 309.75 -2,894.43 4,877.17 1,785.99 3,768.72 orest land -17,933.72 103.13 712.25 -17,118.34 Cropland 14,403.93 279.33 398.47 15,081.74 Grassland -1,873.95 2,420.90 33.88 580.83 Wetlands 605.99 2,043.62 24.81 2,674.42 Settlements 4,032.04 15.77 293.43 4,341.24 arvested wood products -2,128.72 -2,128.72 Other NO,IE 14.42 151.37 165.79

8th National Communication Annex 4: UK GHG Inventory tables 758 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6 Unspecified Waste 248.95 15,8 47.49 1,758.15 17,854.58 olid waste disposal NO,NE 12,912.14 12,912.14 iological treatment of solid waste 1,216.79 715.01 1,931.80 aste water treatment and discharge 1,711.17 1,016.77 2,727.94 6. Other (as specified in summary 1.A) NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO nternational bunkers 22,817.39 4.16 252.55 23,074.09 Aviation 14,340.69 1.17 135.68 14,477.54 Navigation 8,476.70 2.99 116.87 8,596.55 Multilateral operations NE NE NE NE CO2 emissions from biomass 47,197.54 47,197.54 Long-term storage of C in waste Total CO2 equivalent emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry 405,754.88 Total CO2 equivalent emissions with land use, land-use change and forestry 409,523.61 Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, without land use, land-use change and forestry NA Total CO2 equivalent emissions, including indirect CO2, with land use, land-use change and forestry NA (1) For carbon dioxide (CO2) from land use, land-use change and forestry net emissions/removals are reported. For the purposes of reporting, the signs for removals are always negative (-) and for emissions positive (+).
Base year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 602,652.08 602,652.08 610,098.95 594,499.06 580,276.82 574,683.24 566,852.20 587,450.91 563,386.58 569,237.78 562,344.30 569,744.21 578,698.60 561,014.63 572,373.66 574,200.86 571,126.89 568,698.07 560,512.74 545,791.87 494,923.49 512,736.34 470,509.12 488,176.36 478,311.00 439,505.39 423,162.94 400,145.84 388,085.92 380,444.86 365,468.41 326,920.69 608,632.73 608,632.73 615,584.72 599,170.53 584,382.35 578,386.13 570,571.95 590,194.69 565,587.65 570,682.39 563,951.86 571,096.00 579,445.43 560,965.55 572,150.41 573,201.81 569,771.16 566,978.93 558,452.81 542,939.28 492,025.18 509,773.26 466,939.37 484,837.39 474,918.56 435,779.91 419,723.00 396,812.05 384,567.42 377,533.41 362,878.95 324,026.26 129,824.71 129,824.71 130,586.88 130,467.64 129,018.34 122,160.74 123,790.66 123,024.70 120,599.98 117,203.37 111,684.53 10 6,417.6 0 101,650.85 99,232.32 94,320.12 89,824.53 85,387.72 81,117.92 77,3 0 8.44 71,521.20 67,16 6.47 62,459.40 59,789.10 58,172.73 54,001.01 52,032.40 51,023.50 49,257.55 49,656.35 49,131.55 48,833.32 46,759.99 134,568.06 134,568.06 135,326.32 135,197.06 133,744.83 126,880.80 128,521.05 127,742.38 125,317.52 121,911.40 116,384.24 111,136.32 106,374.07 103,960.24 99,078.65 94,560.96 90,136.50 85,865.98 82,072.27 76,280.08 71,925.93 67,241.92 64,587.71 62,960.36 58,801.15 56,814.86 55,835.20 54,074.14 54,471.66 53,995.92 53,736.08 51,637.16 47,288.89 47,288.89 47,521.11 42,585.56 38,345.68 38,990.76 37,650.46 37,731.24 38,090.24 38,117.56 28,599.35 27,9 69.48 26,564.33 24,864.62 24,400.75 25,015.25 24,128.27 22,984.83 23,028.50 22,217.43 20,764.72 21,195.38 20,290.46 20,042.92 20,144.73 20,692.18 20,351.08 20,048.49 20,533.62 20,374.23 20,367.79 19,298.29 49,746.71 49,746.71 49,965.22 45,008.12 40,748.45 41,375.25 40,022.57 40,069.08 40,417.97 40,409.15 30,853.44 30,194.40 28,747.18 27,013.0 5 26,548.94 27,10 5.40 26,190.63 25,010.92 25,036.63 24,188.68 22,699.96 23,114.71 22,208.25 21,926.99 22,013.07 22,524.39 22,173.13 21,860.68 22,328.02 22,179.23 22,182.71 21,084.28 HFCs 14,400.73 14,400.73 15,010.26 15,628.26 16,403.61 17,3 07.95 18,569.54 19,484.30 21,712.13 18,053.95 9,765.32 7,79 6.6 4 8,464.52 8,785.48 9,575.81 8,412.49 9,194.99 10,058.10 10,492.48 10,924.15 11,464.91 12,072.04 12,722.60 13,381.30 13,835.38 14,029.25 14,056.39 14,081.18 13,998.89 13,676.46 13,034.55 12,208.81 PFCs 1,648.64 1,648.64 1,381.02 685.58 597.19 604.96 589.45 587.65 492.97 478.55 454.33 571.94 471.97 397.67 348.48 439.76 391.97 390.02 286.57 262.15 191.14 280.02 405.80 233.57 286.12 233.58 269.32 279.52 400.70 144.56 210.72 159.79 Total (without LULUCF) 797,015.77 797,015.77 805,857.21 785,188.99 765,797.93 754,948.24 748,697.91 769,570.07 745,547.68 744,404.84 714,329.71 714,300.90 717,276.92 695,757.85 702,304.93 698,972.15 691,247.99 684,093.49 672,431.51 651,364.74 595,065.65 609,398.60 564,263.40 580,528.03 567,038.74 526,914.79 509,266.13 484,244.95 473,113.19 464,307.21 448,389.64 405,754.88 Total (with LULUCF) 810,197.59 810,197.59 818,526.53 797,012.44 777,032.72 765,755.67 759,520.17 779,369.38 754,794.03 752,849.08 722,891.08 722,596.33 724,929.81 702,585.11 708,988.40 704,799.69 696,703.41 689,148.50 677,143.54 655,242.28 598,862.04 613,137.37 567,410.04 583,860.76 570,314.78 529,803.96 512,459.94 487,539.94 476,204.41 468,065.12 452,517.86 409,523.61 Base year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1. Energy 597,9 56.40 597,956.40 608,347.24 593,152.22 577,825.72 562,394.87 554,936.12 572,108.91 548,181.54 553,647.0 0 542,930.15 551,550.51 562,385.37 546,529.71 552,428.24 552,193.49 548,268.73 544,731.23 534,494.52 521,981.65 479,449.51 497,0 6 6.39 456,195.43 472,663.74 457,593.64 418,091.56 403,570.12 384,690.25 372,553.38 366,186.48 350,548.93 312,304.97 85,047.03 85,047.03 83,186.41 77 ,999.35 74,326.25 77,471.32 77,825.23 80,371.11 81,348.34 75,558.51 58,933.78 54,817.68 51,384.05 47,10 9.03 50,488.69 51,560.51 50,593.87 51,082.52 53,171.66 50,291.44 40,701.09 41,725.20 39,564.97 41,280.91 45,907.60 45,890.98 43,884.26 38,682.21 38,751.87 36,892.23 36,466.63 34,892.59 3. Agriculture 48,866.71 48,866.71 48,572.93 48,065.36 47,153.14 48,263.67 48,094.85 48,970.35 48,329.41 48,557.01 48,585.65 46,470.13 44,181.49 43,886.46 44,732.55 44,879.32 44,663.38 43,550.11 43,043.70 41,897.48 41,587.22 41,875.97 41,842.89 41,389.58 41,208.01 42,731.34 42,261.27 42,017.15 42,525.16 41,9 97.59 42,263.15 40,702.74 13,181.82 13,181.82 12,669.32 11,823.45 11,234.79 10,8 07.43 10,822.26 9,799.31 9,246.35 8,444.24 8,561.36 8,295.43 7,652.89 6,827.26 6,683.47 5,827.54 5,455.41 5,055.01 4,712.04 3,877.54 3,796.39 3,738.77 3,146.64 3,332.73 3,276.04 2,889.17 3,193.81 3,294.99 3,091.22 3,757.91 4,128.22 3,768.72 5. Waste 65,145.63 65,145.63 65,750.63 65,972.06 66,492.81 66,818.38 67,841.70 68,119.71 67,688.39 66,642.33 63,880.14 61,462.58 59,326.00 58,232.65 54,655.44 50,338.83 47,722.01 44,729.63 41,721.62 37,194.17 33,327.83 28,731.04 26,660.10 25,193.80 22,329.48 20,200.90 19,550.48 18,855.35 19,282.78 19,230.91 19,110.93 17,854.58 6. Other NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO Total (including LULUCF)(1) 810,197.59 810,197.59 818,526.53 797,012.44 777,032.72 765,755.67 759,520.17 779,369.38 754,794.03 752,849.08 722,891.08 722,596.33 724,929.81 702,585.11 708,988.40 704,799.69 696,703.41 689,148.50 677,143.54 655,242.28 598,862.04 613,137.37 567,410.04 583,860.76 570,314.78 529,803.96 512,459.94 487,539.94 476,204.41 468,065.12 452,517.86 409,523.61 (1) Includes net CO2, CH4 and N2O from LULUCF.
Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Agriculture 1A4ci Agriculture - stationary combustion 1A4cii Agriculture - mobile machinery 3B21a Dairy - Dairy Cows - Direct 3B21b Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Direct Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Direct Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Direct Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Direct Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Direct Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Direct

762 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Direct Other cattle - Steers - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Direct 3B24 Agricultural Horses - Direct Poultry - Breeding Flock - Direct Poultry - Growing Pullets - Direct Poultry - Laying Hens - Direct 3B25 Agricultural Horses - Indirect Deposition Agricultural Horses - Indirect Leach Dairy - Dairy Cows - Digestate Indirect Deposition Dairy - Dairy Cows - Indirect Deposition Dairy - Dairy Cows - Indirect Leach Domestic Horses - Indirect Deposition Domestic Horses - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Digestate Indirect Deposition

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Cows - Digestate Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Cows - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Cows - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Indirect Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Steers - Digestate Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Steers - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Steers - Indirect Leach Pig - Boar - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Boar - Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Indirect Leach Pig - Gilt - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Gilt - Indirect Deposition Pig - Sow - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Sow - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Breeding Flock - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Breeding Flock - Indirect Deposition

764 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Poultry - Breeding Flock - Indirect Leach Poultry - Broilers - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Broilers - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Broilers - Indirect Leach Poultry - Ducks - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Ducks - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Ducks - Indirect Leach Poultry - Geese - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Geese - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Geese - Indirect Leach Poultry - Growing Pullets - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Growing Pullets - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Growing Pullets - Indirect Leach Poultry - Laying Hens - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Laying Hens - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Laying Hens - Indirect Leach Poultry - Other - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Other - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Other - Indirect Leach Poultry - Turkeys - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Turkeys - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Turkeys - Indirect Leach Professional Horses - Indirect Deposition Professional Horses - Indirect Leach Sheep - Ewe - Indirect Deposition Sheep - Lamb - Indirect Deposition Sheep - Ram - Indirect Deposition 3D12a Agricultural Horses - Direct Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Direct Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Direct Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Direct Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Direct Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Direct

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Direct Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Direct Other cattle - Steers - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Direct Poultry - Breeding Flock - Direct Poultry - Growing Pullets - Direct Poultry - Laying Hens - Direct 3D12b Sewage Sludge Cake - Direct 3D12c Beef females for slaughter - Digestate Direct Bulls for breeding - Digestate Direct Cereal fed bull - Digestate Direct Dairy Calves Female - Digestate Direct Dairy In Calf Heifers - Digestate Direct Dairy Replacements Female - Digestate Direct Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Digestate Direct Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Digestate Direct Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Digestate Direct Heifers for breeding - Digestate Direct Laying Hens - Digestate Direct Other organic residue Digestates - Direct Poultry - Breeding Flock - Digestate Direct

766 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Poultry - Ducks - Digestate Direct Poultry - Geese - Digestate Direct Poultry - Growing Pullets - Digestate Direct Poultry - Other - Digestate Direct 3D13 Agricultural Horses - Direct Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Direct Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Direct Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Direct Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Direct Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Direct Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Direct Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Direct Other cattle - Steers - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Direct Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Direct Poultry - Breeding Flock - Direct Poultry - Growing Pullets - Direct Poultry - Laying Hens - Direct

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name 3D21 Agricultural Horses - Indirect Deposition Crop Digestates - Indirect Deposition Dairy - Dairy Cows - Digestate Indirect Deposition Dairy - Dairy Cows - Indirect Deposition Domestic Horses - Indirect Deposition Food Digestates - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Digestate Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Cows - Digestate Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Cows - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Indirect Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Steers - Digestate Indirect Deposition Other cattle - Steers - Indirect Deposition Other organic residue Digestates - Indirect Deposition Pig - Boar - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Boar - Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Indirect Deposition Pig - Gilt - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Gilt - Indirect Deposition

768 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Pig - Sow - Digestate Indirect Deposition Pig - Sow - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Breeding Flock - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Breeding Flock - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Broilers - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Broilers - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Ducks - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Ducks - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Geese - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Geese - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Growing Pullets - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Growing Pullets - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Laying Hens - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Laying Hens - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Other - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Other - Indirect Deposition Poultry - Turkeys - Digestate Indirect Deposition Poultry - Turkeys - Indirect Deposition Professional Horses - Indirect Deposition Sewage Sludge Cake - Indirect Deposition Sewage Sludge Liquid - Indirect Deposition Sheep - Ewe - Indirect Deposition Sheep - Lamb - Indirect Deposition Sheep - Ram - Indirect Deposition 3D22 Agricultural Horses - Indirect Leach Arable - Residue Indirect Leach Crop Digestates - Indirect Leach Dairy - Dairy Cows - Digestate Indirect Leach Dairy - Dairy Cows - Indirect Leach Domestic Horses - Indirect Leach Food Digestates - Indirect Leach Grass - Residue Indirect Leach Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Beef females for slaughter - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Digestate Indirect Leach Other cattle - Bulls for breeding - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Digestate Indirect Leach

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Other cattle - Cereal fed bull - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Cows - Digestate Indirect Leach Other cattle - Cows - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Digestate Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy Calves Female - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Digestate Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy In Calf Heifers - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Digestate Indirect Other cattle - Dairy Replacements Female - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Digestate Indirect Leach Other cattle - Heifers for breeding - Indirect Leach Other cattle - Steers - Digestate Indirect Leach Other cattle - Steers - Indirect Leach Other organic residue Digestates - Indirect Leach Pig - Boar - Digestate Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Digestate Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig < 20 kg - Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Digestate Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig > 80 kg - Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Digestate Indirect Leach Pig - Fattening Pig 20 to 80 kg - Indirect Leach Pig - Gilt - Digestate Indirect Leach Pig - Sow - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Breeding Flock - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Breeding Flock - Indirect Leach Poultry - Broilers - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Broilers - Indirect Leach Poultry - Ducks - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Ducks - Indirect Leach Poultry - Geese - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Geese - Indirect Leach Poultry - Growing Pullets - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Growing Pullets - Indirect Leach Poultry - Laying Hens - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Laying Hens - Indirect Leach Poultry - Other - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Other - Indirect Leach Poultry - Turkeys - Digestate Indirect Leach Poultry - Turkeys - Indirect Leach

770 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Professional Horses - Indirect Leach Sewage Sludge Cake - Indirect Leach Sewage Sludge Liquid - Indirect Leach Business 1A2a Iron and steel - combustion plant 1A2b Autogeneration - exported to grid Non-Ferrous Metal (combustion) 1A2d Pulp, Paper and Print (combustion) 1A2e Food & drink, tobacco (combustion) 1A2f Cement production - combustion Lime production - non decarbonising 1A2gvii Industrial off-road mobile machinery 1A2gviii Autogeneration - exported to grid 1A4ai Miscellaneous industrial/commercial combustion 2B1 Ammonia production - combustion 2B8a Methanol production – combustion Iron and steel - combustion plant 2D3 Non Energy petroleum coke 2F1a Commercial Commercial central systems, chill Commercial Commercial central systems, Commercial Commercial condensing units, chill Commercial Commercial condensing units, Commercial Commercial integral systems, chill

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Commercial Commercial integral systems, 2F1b Domestic Domestic freezers Domestic Domestic refrigerators and freezers 2F1c Industrial Industrial chillers, large Industrial Industrial chillers, mid-size Industrial Industrial DX systems, large, chill Industrial Industrial DX systems, large, frozen Industrial Industrial DX systems, mid-size, chill Industrial Industrial DX systems, mid-size, frozen Industrial Industrial DX systems, small, chill Industrial Industrial DX systems, small, frozen Industrial Industrial flooded systems, large, chill 2F1d Transport Systems for large trucks, iso- Transport Systems for marine vessels Transport Systems for vans, light trucks 2F1e Mobile MAC systems - buses, trains Mobile MAC systems - cars, vans, cabs 2F1f Stationary AC chillers, large Stationary AC chillers, mid-size Stationary AC chillers, small Stationary AC integral systems (e.g.
window Stationary AC roof-top units, large Stationary AC roof-top units, small Stationary AC split systems, large Stationary AC split systems, mid-size Stationary AC split systems, small Stationary AC VRF systems, small Stationary Heat pumps, large Stationary Heat pumps, mid-size Stationary Heat pumps, small Stationary Heat pumps, very small Transport and distribution of refrigerants 2G2a Airborne Warning And Control Systems

772 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name 2G3a N2O use as an anaesthetic 5C2.2b Accidental fires - other buildings Energy Supply 1A1ai Miscellaneous industrial/commercial combustion Solid smokeless fuel production 1A1cii Gas fuel combustion Upstream Gas Production - fuel combustion Upstream Oil Production - fuel combustion 1A1ciii Collieries - combustion 1B1a1ii Coal storage and transport Solid smokeless fuel production 1B2a1 Onshore oil well exploration (conventional) Upstream Oil Production - Offshore Well Testing 1B2a2 Oil Direct Process Onshore oil production (conventional) Upstream Oil Production - fugitive emissions Upstream Oil direct process emissions 1B2a3 Oil transport pipelines (onshore) Oil transport road tankers Upstream Oil Production - Offshore Oil Loading Upstream Oil Production - Onshore Oil Loading 1B2a4 Upstream Oil Production - Oil terminal storage 1B2a6 Abandoned oil wells (offshore) 1B2b1 Upstream Gas Production - Offshore Well Testing Well exploration (unconventional gas): all sources 1B2b2 Onshore natural gas gathering

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Onshore natural gas production (conventional) 1B2b3 Gas Direct Process Upstream Gas Production - fugitive emissions Upstream Gas direct process emissions Upstream Gas Production - Gas terminal storage Upstream Oil Production - venting Upstream Gas Production - venting 1B2c2i Oil Gas Flaring Onshore oil gas flaring Upstream Oil Production - flaring 1B2c2ii Gas Gas Flaring Upstream Gas Production - flaring Industrial processes 1B2d Flue Gas Treatment (neutralisation) 2A2 Lime production - decarbonising 2A4a Brick manufacture - all types 2A4b Non Energy chemical feedstock Other emissive applications of Soda Ash Other emissive applications of Sodium Bicarbonate Unknown applications of Sodium Bicarbonate 2B1 Ammonia production - feedstock use of gas 2B10 Chemical industry - general 2B6 Chemical industry - titanium dioxide 2B7 Chemical industry - soda ash 2B8a Chemical industry - methanol 2B8b Chemical industry - ethylene 2B8c Chemical Industry - ethylene dichloride 2B8d Chemical industry - ethylene oxide 2B8e Chemical industry - acrylonitrile 2B8f Chemical industry - carbon black 2B9a1 Halocarbons production - by-product

774 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name 2B9b3 Halocarbons production - fugitive 2C3a Primary aluminium production - general 2C3b Primary aluminium production - PFC emissions 2C6 Non-ferrous metal processes 2G3b Other food - cream consumption 2G4 Chemical Industry – other process sources International aviation bunkers International bunkers CRF memo item International aviation bunkers International shipping bunkers International bunkers CRF memo item International shipping bunkers forestry 4 LULUCF Indirect N2O - Atmospheric Deposition LULUCF Indirect N2O - Nitrogen Leaching and Run-off 4A Forest Land - Drainage and rewetting and other management 4A1 Forest Land remaining Forest Land - Biomass Burning - Forest Land remaining Forest Land - Carbon stock change 4A2 Cropland converted to Forest Land - Carbon stock change Cropland converted to Forest Land - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization Direct N2O emission from N fertilisation of forest land Grassland converted to Forest Land - Carbon stock change Grassland converted to Forest Land - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization Settlements converted to Forest Land - Carbon stock change Settlements converted to Forest Land - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization 4B1 Cropland remaining Cropland - Biomass Burning - Wildfires Cropland remaining Cropland - Living biomass carbon stock Cropland remaining Cropland - Soils carbon stock change 4B2 Forest Land converted to Cropland - Biomass Burning - Forest Land converted to Cropland - Carbon stock change Forest Land converted to Cropland - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization Grassland converted to Cropland - Carbon stock change Grassland converted to Cropland - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization Settlements converted to Cropland - Carbon stock change 4C Grassland - Drainage and rewetting and other management 4C1 Grassland remaining Grassland - Biomass Burning - Wildfires

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Grassland remaining Grassland - Carbon stock change Grassland remaining Grassland - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization 4C2 Cropland converted to Grassland - Carbon stock change Forest Land converted to Grassland - Biomass Burning - Forest Land converted to Grassland - Carbon stock change Forest Land converted to Grassland - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization Settlements converted to Grassland - Carbon stock change 4D Wetlands - Drainage and rewetting and other management of 4D1 Other Wetlands Remaining Other Wetlands - Carbon stock Peat Extraction Remaining Peat Extraction - Carbon stock 4D2 Cropland converted to Other Wetlands - Carbon stock Forest Land converted to Other Wetlands - Biomass Burning Forest Land converted to Other Wetlands - Carbon stock Grassland converted to flooded land - Carbon stock change Land converted for Peat Extraction - Carbon stock change 4E Settlements - Drainage and rewetting and other management 4E1 Settlements remaining Settlements - Carbon stock change Settlements remaining Settlements - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization 4E2 Cropland converted to Settlements - Carbon stock change Cropland converted to Settlements - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization Forest Land converted to Settlements - Biomass Burning - Forest Land converted to Settlements - Carbon stock change Forest Land converted to Settlements - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization Grassland converted to Settlements - Carbon stock change Grassland converted to Settlements - Direct N2O emissions from N Mineralization/Immobilization 4G HWP Produced and Consumed Domestically - Carbon stock HWP Produced and Exported - Carbon stock change Public 1A4ai Public sector combustion Residential 1A4bi Domestic combustion 1A4bii House and garden machinery 2D2 Non-aerosol products - household products 2F4b Aerosols other than metered dose inhalers 5B1a Composting (at household) 5C2.2b Accidental fires - dwellings

776 8th National Communication Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Transport 1A3a Aircraft - domestic cruise Aircraft - domestic take off and landing 1A3bi Road transport - cars - cold start Road transport - cars - motorway driving Road transport - cars - rural driving Road transport - cars - urban driving 1A3bii Road transport - LGVs - cold start Road transport - LGVs - motorway driving Road transport - LGVs - rural driving Road transport - LGVs - urban driving 1A3biii Road transport - buses and coaches - motorway driving Road transport - buses and coaches - rural driving Road transport - buses and coaches - urban driving Road transport - HGV articulated - motorway driving Road transport - HGV articulated - rural driving Road transport - HGV articulated - urban driving Road transport - HGV rigid - motorway driving Road transport - HGV rigid - rural driving Road transport - HGV rigid - urban driving 1A3biv Road transport - mopeds (<50cc 2st) - urban driving Road transport - motorcycle (>50cc 2st) - urban driving Road transport - motorcycle (>50cc 4st) - motorway driving Road transport - motorcycle (>50cc 4st) - rural driving Road transport - motorcycle (>50cc 4st) - urban driving 1A3bv Road transport - all vehicles biofuels use Road transport - all vehicles LPG use 1A3d Inland goods-carrying vessels Motorboats / workboats (e.g.
canal boats, dredgers, service boats, tourist boats, river boats) Personal watercraft e.g. jet ski Sailing boats with auxiliary engines 1A3eii Aircraft - support vehicles 1A4ai Railways - stationary combustion

Sector(1) IPCC Category(2) Source name Waste Management 5A1a Landfill 5B1a Mechanical Biological Treatment - Composting Total composting (non-household) 5B2a Anaerobic Digestion (other) Mechanical Biological Treatment - Anaerobic Digestion 5C1.1b Incineration - sewage sludge 5C1.2b Incineration - chemical waste 5D1 Sewage sludge decomposition Sewage sludge decomposition in private systems 5D2 Industrial Waste Water Treatment (1) ‘National Communication’ sectors, used for reporting emissions projections (Chapter 4 of the UK’s 8th National Communication, figures up to 2020 are based on the UK’s 1990-2020 greenhouse gas inventory, while projections from 2021 are based on the UK’s 1990-2018 greenhouse gas inventory.
The sector mapping here aligns with the most recent greenhouse gas inventory (1990-2020). (2) Broad IPCC sectors (1.
Energy (excluding 1.A.3 transport), 1.A.3 Transport, 2. Industrial Processes and Product Use, 3.
Agriculture, and Use, Land Use Change and Forestry, and 5. Waste) are used for reporting inventory information in Chapter 2 of the UK’s 8th

Annex 6: List of Global Warming Potentials of greenhouse gases used in UK emissions Greenhouse gas Lifetime (years) 100 years GWP (AR4(1)) Perfluoromethane 50,000 7,39 0 Perfluorocyclobutane 3,200 10,300 Perfluorodecalin >1,000 >7,50 0

780 8th National Communication Greenhouse gas Lifetime (years) 100 years GWP (AR4(1)) Perfluoropropene >1,000 >17,340 Sulphur hexafluoride 3,200 22,800 Nitrogen trifluoride 740 17,200 (1) GWPs listed are from Working Group 1 of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Climate Change 2007.
National Systems in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 1 30. Each Party included in Annex I shall provide a description of how it is performing the general and specific functions defined in the guidelines for national systems under Article 5, paragraph 1.
The description shall contain the following (a) The name and contact information for the national entity and its designated representative with overall responsibility for the national inventory of the Party NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and National (b) The roles and responsibilities of various agencies and entities in relation to the inventory development process, as well as the institutional, legal and procedural arrangements made to prepare the inventory NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and NIR (c) A description of the process for collecting activity data, for selecting emission factors and methods, and for the development of emission estimates NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and NIR (d) A description of the process and the results of key source identification and, where relevant, archiving of test data NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and NIR (e) A description of the process for the recalculation of previously submitted NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and NIR (f) A description of the quality assurance and quality control plan, its implementation and the quality objectives established, and information on internal and external evaluation and review processes and their results in accordance with the guidelines for NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and NIR (g) A description of the procedures for the official consideration and approval of NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and NIR 31. Where the Party included in Annex I has not performed all functions, the Party shall provide an explanation of which functions were not performed or were only partially performed and information on the action planned or taken to perform these functions NC8 Chapter 2 Section 1.2 and NIR Reporting under Article 7, Paragraph 2

784 8th National Communication 32.
Each Party included in Annex I shall provide a description of how its national registry performs the functions defined in the annex to decision 13/CMP .1 and the annex to decision 5/CMP .1,11 and complies with the requirements of the technical standards for data exchange between registry systems as adopted by the COP/MOP . The description shall include the following (a) The name and contact information of the registry administrator designated by the Party to maintain the national registry NC8 Chapter 2 and Standard Independent (b) The names of the other Parties with which the Party cooperates by maintaining their national registries in a consolidated system (c) A description of the database structure and capacity of the national registry NC8 Chapter 2 and SIAR (d) A description of how the national registry conforms to the technical standards for data exchange between registry systems for the purpose of ensuring the accurate, transparent and efficient exchange of data between national registries, the clean development mechanism registry and the transaction log (decision 19/CP .7 , (e) A description of the procedures employed in the national registry to minimize discrepancies in the issuance, transfer, acquisition, cancellation and retirement of ERUs, CERs, tCERs, lCERs, AAUs and/or RMUs, and replacement of tCERS and lCERs, and of the steps taken to terminate transactions where a discrepancy is notified and to correct problems in the event of a failure to terminate the transactions (f) An overview of security measures employed in the national registry to prevent unauthorized manipulations and to prevent operator error and of how these measures (g) A list of the information publicly accessible by means of the user interface to the (h) The Internet address of the interface to its national registry NC8 Chapter 2 and SIAR (i) A description of measures taken to safeguard, maintain and recover data in order to ensure the integrity of data storage and the recovery of registry services in the event (j) The results of any test procedures that might be available or developed with the aim of testing the performance, procedures and security measures of the national registry undertaken pursuant to the provisions of decision 19/CP.7 relating to the technical standards for data exchange between registry systems.
Supplementarily relating to the mechanisms pursuant to Articles 6, 12 and 17 33. Each Party included in Annex I shall provide information on how its use of the mechanisms is supplemental to domestic action, and how its domestic action thus constitutes a significant element of the effort made to meet its quantified limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, paragraph 1, in accordance with the provisions

Annex 7: Reporting under Article 7, Paragaph 2 785 Policies and measures in accordance with Article 2 34.
In providing information under part II, section V, of the guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (FCCC/ CP/1999/7), each Party included in Annex I shall specifically address policies and measures implemented and/or further elaborated as well as cooperation with other such Parties in achieving its quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development. Such reporting shall take into account any relevant decision by the COP and the COP/MOP resulting from the process for further consideration of the issue of policies and measures (decision 13/CP .7).
35. With respect to aviation and marine bunker fuels, each Party included in Annex I shall, in pursuit of Article 2, paragraph 2, of the Kyoto Protocol, identify the steps it has implement any decisions by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization in order to limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels.
36. Each Party included in Annex I shall also provide information not reported elsewhere under these guidelines on how it strives to implement policies and measures under Article 2 of the Kyoto Protocol in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9 of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention.
Domestic and regional programmes and/or legislative arrangements and enforcement and administrative procedures 37. Each Party included in Annex I shall report any relevant information on its domestic and regional legislative arrangements and enforcement and administrative procedures, established pursuant to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, according to its (a) A description of any domestic and regional legislative arrangements and enforcement and administrative procedures the Party has in place to meet its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, including the legal authority for such programmes, how they are implemented, and procedures for addressing cases of non-compliance under (b) A description of any provisions to make information on these legislative arrangements and enforcement and administrative procedures (e.g.
rules on enforcement and administrative procedures, action taken) publicly accessible (c) A description of any institutional arrangements and decision-making procedures that it has in place to coordinate activities relating to participation in the mechanisms under Articles 6, 12 and 17, including the participation of legal entities. 38.
Each Party included in Annex I shall provide a description of any national legislative arrangements and administrative procedures that seek to ensure that the implementation of activities under Article 3, paragraph 3, and any elected activities under Article 3, paragraph 4, also contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. 39.
Each Party included in Annex I shall report its activities, actions and programmes undertaken in fulfilment of its commitments under Article 10. 40.
Each Party included in Annex I shall report on the steps it has taken to promote, facilitate and finance the transfer of technology to developing countries and to build their capacity, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, in order to facilitate the implementation of Article 10 of the Kyoto Protocol. 786 8th National Communication 41.
Each Party included in Annex II shall provide information on the implementation of Article 11 of the Kyoto Protocol, in particular information on what new and additional financial resources have been provided, in what way these resources are new and additional, and how that Party has taken into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow of these resources. 42.
Each Party included in Annex II shall provide information on its contribution to the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism. 43.
Any Party included in Annex I that has provided funding for the adaptation fund established in accordance with decision 10/CP .7 shall report on its financial contributions to this fund. In doing so, the Party shall take into account the information reported in accordance with paragraph 6 of decision 10/CP.7.