UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
Trends in Estonia Economic development and increasing welfare result in inc- reasing energy consumption. In recent years the consump- tion of energy has grown by up to 18 percent per year (elect- ric energy) and a stable annual increase of 5-7 percent in energy consumption is predicted for the future. At the same time, energy conservation has not developed at all. It is only in the recent years that a steep rise in the prices of energy sources (liquid fuels) and heat has created increasing interest in energy saving. Due to growing consumption of electric energy in the Baltic States and Nordic countries, exports of electric energy are Increasing. As a result, the current share of oil shale in the primary energy balance persists. If the volume of consump- tion of oil shale (currently approximately 15 million tons per year) does not decrease, new mines will have to be opened in 15 years; should the consumption volume increase, that need would be realised even earlier. The poor technical condition of (some) district heating ne- tworks (and production facilities) reduces the advantages of district heating and necessitates the transfer to local heating which is an inefficient solution for the regional heating sys- tem and restricts the potential of combined heat and power production. When compared to the year 1991, the production of heat has declined by nearly 2.4 times and stabilised at the level of 8-9 TWh per year. Recent trends suggest that the price of gas will rise in Estonia soon, thus hindering the introduction of gas as fuel in the near future. The competitive ability of biofuels is being inhibited by the rise in prices resulting from the decrease of resources and increase of processing costs, with the prices of local biofuels being comparable to these prevailing in the world market due to the large volume of exports. The volume of firewood stock will decrease by up to two ti- mes by the year 2015, mainly due to changes in the species composition and age structure of standing crop. On the other hand, owing to processing and logistic costs the energy po- tential of logging waste has not been realised yet. From the beginning of the 1990s untill 2002 the emissions of CO, per inhabitant decreased significantly, but remained relatively high still when compared to the average level of Europe. In terms of emissions per unit area,
1. from the date on which both the solar system according to  21b paragraph 1 in conjunction with  21c was assigned to the form of sale of the tenant electricity surcharge for the first time and the requirements of  21 paragraph 3 were met for the first time, as soon as the date according to number 1 in is entered in the register and provided that paragraph 3 does not conflict with this. 2nd 3rd (3) If in a calendar year the sum of the installed capacity of the solar systems for which the information pursuant to paragraph 2 number 1 is newly entered in the register exceeds the annual volume of 500 megawatts for the first time, the operators of solar systems are not entitled to the tenant electricity surcharge, where the day according to paragraph 2 number 1 is after the last calendar day of the first calendar month in the calendar year following the exceeding. The Federal Network Agency publishes the date from which the entitlement no longer exists on its website. If the annual volume of 500 megawatts is exceeded in a calendar year, the annual volume pursuant to sentence 1 is reduced in the following calendar year by the sum of the installed capacity of solar systems that exceeds 500 megawatts, for which in the calendar year of the excess there is a right to a tenant electricity surcharge for the first time has arisen. (4) Operators of solar systems for whose electricity there was no entitlement to a tenant electricity surcharge in the previous calendar year pursuant to subsection 3 are entitled to the tenant electricity surcharge in the chronological order of the date pursuant to subsection 2 number 1 in the register from the respective following calendar year, insofar as the annual volume according to paragraph 3 is not exceeded in the corresponding calendar year. Section 25 remains unaffected.
para. (2), (4) a number of green certificates established by ANRE by reducing the number of green certificates provided for in (5), as the case may be, reducing the reference value of the investment per MW by the amount of aid received per MW and keeping the value of the internal rates of return established by Commission Decision C ( 2016) 8,865 final from December 16, 2016, if the power plants receive additional state aid; the reduction in the number of green certificates provided for is applied until the competition of the value of the investment aid received by the electricity producer.
bases under the WHO Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme.28 at its Valentia Island regional GAW site in the southwest of Ireland. This effectively provided Head Atmospheric Research Station on the west coast of Ireland. These observations are
16. Some of these technologies may also avail of venture capital to allow them to scale rapidly. Government has shown its support for this necessary innovation underpinning its clean growth objectives with a £20 million cornerstone investment in the venture capital Clean Growth Fund ¹4. This Fund aims to accelerate the deployment of innovative clean technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, alongside catalysing the UK clean growth venture capital market and leveraging private sector funding into early-stage clean tech start-ups. For example, the fund led a £4.7 million investment round into Piclo (the independent energy trading marketplace) with co-investment from Mott MacDonald Ventures. 17. The BBB is a government-owned economic development bank with a mission to drive sustainable growth and prosperity across the UK, and to enable the transition to a net zero economy, by improving access to finance for smaller businesses. UK Government has worked with the BBB on their new mission and objective to support the UK's transition to a net zero economy and incorporate environmental, social and governance issues across of its activities. The new net zero objective will support firms looking to move towards net zero, helping the UK reduce its energy consumption and mitigate the impacts of climate change. 18. Going beyond SME finance to larger scale infrastructure finance, there are significant pools of private finance ready to deploy into UK projects but there can be a mismatch between market appetite and the risk profile of projects. Infrastructure investment is vulnerable to market failure, as it is often complex, large, novel and long-term. Launched in June 2021, the new UK Infrastructure Bank can play a pivotal role in this space, crowding in private sector investment in important areas and helping to kick start new sectors. Across the Bank's full mandate (also covering regional growth), it has £12 billion of equity and debt capital and will be able to deploy £10 billion of government guarantees. We expect the Bank to use this to crowd in private investment as a cornerstone investor or guarantor to enable more than £40 billion of investment in the areas most prone to market failure, and to help deliver its dual policy focus of tackling climate change and supporting regional and local economic growth. Furthermore, the Bank will play a pivotal role in catalysing the role of local government in the transition, by financing strategic infrastructure projects led by local authorities,
40 Where walking activity is measured as the total number of walking stages per person per year, to 300 stages per person per year in 2025
• The range of choices for how households, businesses and the taxpayer could contribute towards different elements of the transition to Net Zero. Sixth Carbon Budget-The path to Net Zero The Treasury's funding review will be a crucial first step in demonstrating that strong leadership and coordination at the centre of Government can ensure the action to deliver Net Zero is delivered in a fair and equitable way. Its interim report was due to be published around the same time as this report, but had not been at the time of writing.
These Regulations amend the Town and Country Planning (Permission in Principle) Order 2017 to allow local planning authorities to grant permission in principle for development the main purpose of which is housing development on an application to the authority in accordance with provisions inserted into that Order by this instrument. They also concern (exemption from) environmental impact assessment procedures. The Regulations also make minor amendments to the Statutory Instruments listed in Schedule 2.
Activities of the Slovak Republic with respect to the development of policies and measures to
mitigate greenhouse gas emissions have been intensified since the publication of the Fifth
National Communication of the Slovak Republic on Climate Change. The MP SR and the
SHM have undertaken all the necessary steps to enhance mechanisms to monitor, evaluate
and improve tools and measures for the fulfilment our reduction commitments under the
UNFCCC. All relevant EU-level policies and measures are being strengthened to meet the
targets for the year 2020 as agreed in the Climate and Energy Package. This includes
legislation put in place by the EU to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% by
2020compared to 1990, with a conditional offer to move to 30%, provided that other
developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions. Furthermore, the
EU has committed to achieving 20% of energy from renewable sources by 2020 (as a share on
total EU gross final energy consumption), supplemented by a target to achieve a minimum of
10% renewable energy share on fuel consumption in the transport sector. Moreover, the EU
has committed to a 20% reduction of total primary energy consumption by 2020, compared to
projections in 2007.37 The Slovak Republic is on the way to fulfilling its commitments as seen
from recent GHG emission inventories. The content of the chapter is as follows:
These Regulations make various amendments in relation to the implementation of Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 and the changes made to Directives 98/70/EC and 2009/28/EC by Directive 2015/1513/EU. They amend the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligations Order 2007 and the Motor Fuel (Road Vehicle and Mobile Machinery) Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting Regulations 2012. The amendments concern, among other things, the obligation of suppliers to produce evidence that they have reduced or offset amounts of greenhouse gas, other evidence of information required in relation with GHG emissions, calculation of the number of credits that may be issued to a supplier, applications for credits, the issue of credits, transfers of credits, revocation of credits and the payment that must be made in certain circumstances if a supplier fails to discharge a GHG reduction obligation, and maximum amount of renewable transport fuel derived from relevant crops which may count towards suppliers meeting their obligations in a particular period.
2.2. National target Romania's emission reduction target for the years 2013-2020 is part of the joint target of the European Union and its Member States, the base year being 1990. Romania's reduction obligation for the sectors not covered by the EU ETS is to limit its GHG
Long-term indicative goals of the Climate Protection Policy in the Czech Republic aim for an indicative level of 70 Mt COeq. emissions in 2040;  aim for an indicative level of 39 Mt COeq. emissions in 2050. Due to the time requirements for the preparation and implementation of individual measures and tools and the response time, it is necessary to understand the Policy and its setting in the long term, with the assumption of regular evaluation and updating, which will take place every 5 or 7 years, respectively. Setting the time horizon of the Policy respects three basic levels of needs and requirements in the field of climate protection, i.e. at the national level and in the context of European and international politics.
I. - The development and distribution of means of transport with low greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutant emissions is a priority with regard to the requirements of the energy transition and involves a policy of deploying dedicated infrastructures. In order to allow the greatest number of people to have access to the charging points of all types of electric and rechargeable hybrid vehicles, France has set itself the objective of installing, by 2030, at least seven million charging points. installed in the parking spaces of residential complexes, other types of buildings, or in parking spaces accessible to the public or spaces reserved for professionals. The various levers allowing the deployment of these charging points are provided for in the strategy for the development of clean mobility, provided for in Article 40 of this law. This deployment is particularly favored by encouraging local authorities to pursue their development plans, by encouraging the installation of charging points in tertiary buildings and in residential buildings and by supporting private initiatives aimed at setting up an accessible national network, complementary to the deployment provided by local authorities.
11 (1) Provision under paragraph 10 must secure that- E+W+N.I. (a) where an administrator proposes to impose a fixed monetary penalty on a person, the administrator must serve on that person a notice of what is proposed (a "notice of intent") that complies with sub-paragraph (2), (b) the notice of intent also offers the person the opportunity to discharge the person's liability for the fixed monetary penalty by payment of a specified sum (which must be less than or equal to the amount of the penalty), (c) if the person does not so discharge liability- (i) the person may make written representations and objections to the administrator in relation to the proposed imposition of the fixed monetary penalty, and (ii) the administrator must at the end of the period for making representations and objections decide whether to impose the fixed monetary penalty, (d) where the administrator decides to impose the fixed monetary penalty, the notice imposing it ("the final notice") complies with sub-paragraph (4), and (e) the person on whom a fixed monetary penalty is imposed may appeal against the decision to impose it. (2) To comply with this sub-paragraph the notice of intent must include information as to- (a) the grounds for the proposal to impose the fixed monetary penalty, (b) the effect of payment of the sum referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(b), (c) the right to make representations and objections, (d) the circumstances in which the administrator may not impose the fixed monetary penalty, (e) the period within which liability to the fixed monetary penalty may be discharged, which may not exceed the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice of intent was received, and (f) the period within which representations and objections may be made, which may not exceed the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice of intent was received. (3) Provision pursuant to sub-paragraph (1)(c)(ii) must include provision for circumstances in which the administrator may not decide to impose a fixed monetary penalty. (4) To comply with this sub-paragraph the final notice referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(d) must include information as to- (a) the grounds for imposing the penalty, (b) how payment may be made, (c) the period within which payment must be made, (d) any early payment discounts or late payment penalties, (e) rights of appeal, and (f) the consequences of non-payment. (5) Provision pursuant to sub-paragraph (1)(e) must secure that the grounds on which a person may appeal against a decision of the administrator include the following- (a) that the decision was based on an error of fact; (b) that the decision was wrong in law; (c) that the decision was unreasonable.
3.9 Figure 15 shows our central projection for GHG emissions from HGVS to 2050, based on current firm and funded policies. This shows that HGV GHG emissions are projected to fall by 26% from 2018 to 2050, despite a projected increase in HGV km of 7% over the same period. Emission savings are driven by the new 2030 HDV CO₂ regulations74, alongside baseline efficiency improvements driven by the market. As noted previously, the uncertainty surrounding projections is significant and other outcomes to the one shown are possible. 3.10 The regulation for HDV vehicle manufacturers making new vehicles requires reductions of 15% for 2025 and 30% for 2030 against a 2019 baseline and includes incentives for sales of zero and low emission HDVs. As committed to in the Road to Zero strategy, now that the UK has left the EU it will pursue a future approach that is at least as ambitious as the current arrangements for vehicle emissions regulation. Historic emissions are final UK GHG statistics. Historic vehicle km are from road traffic statistics. HGV emission projections are made using the National Transport Model and the Great Britain Freight Model, with inputs from the Road Carbon and Fuel Fleet Model. These models aim to forecast long-term trends over 5-year intervals with a base year of 2015 and may not capture short term fluctuations. This leads to an apparent drop in GHG emissions in 2019 when the modelled data is adopted. Modelling assumes HGV efficiency improvements. These are driven by incentives to improve efficiency driven by HGV operators and manufacturers and the 2030 CO₂ regulations.
Turkey&#39;s Strategic Goals within the scope of basic principles are listed in the Strategy Document as follows. In accordance with the principle of &quot;increased but differentiated responsibilities&quot; of BMIDCS and within the framework of its special conditions; to include the policies and measures for combating climate change and adaptation into national development plans, To increase the level of national preparedness and capacity in order to reduce the negative effects of global climate change and adapt to these effects; To share the experience and gains gained in these efforts with the countries in the region, to develop bilateral and multilateral joint research projects for mitigation and adaptation, to design the global strategic objectives under the main headings of mitigation, harmonization, technology transfer and financing, taking into account the responsibilities of the parties, and To comply with the implementation of the law and to play an active role in international activities,  Increasing access to financial resources needed to carry out mitigation and adaptation activities,  Developing research-development and innovation capacity for cleaner production, taking into account our current technology and development level, creating national and international financial resources and incentive mechanisms that will increase competition and production in this field.,  Developing activities within the scope of combating and adapting to climate change through effective and continuous coordination, with transparent, participatory and scientific decision-making processes,
Term of office U.K. 3 U.K. A member holds and vacates office in accordance with the terms of the member's appointment. 4 U.K. A member may resign by giving written notice to the Secretary of State. 5 U.K. The national authorities may remove a member- (a) who has been absent from meetings of the Committee without its permission for a period of 6 months or more, (b) who has become bankrupt or has made an arrangement with creditors, (c) whose estate has been sequestrated in Scotland or who, under Scots law, has made a composition or arrangement with, or 6 U.K. A person ceases to be the chair or the deputy chair if the person- (a) resigns that office by giving written notice to the Secretary of State, or (b) ceases to be a member. 7 U.K. A person who- (a) ceases to be a member, or (b) ceases to be the chair or the deputy chair, may be reappointed to that office.
The 1998 Petroleum Act empowers the Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) to grant licenses for the exploration and development of England’s oil and gas resources. In the case of coalmining, a Methane Drainage License from the OGA is required if the operator or owner of a coalmine must capture natural gas to make the mine safe. This regulation outlines procedures for the application for: (a) landward petroleum exploration licences; (b) seaward petroleum exploration licences; (c) methane drainage licences; (d) petroleum exploration and development licences; (e) and seaward area production licences.
in 2019 aims to ensure transparency on the environmental nature of the expenditure and revenue that make up its budget, as well as to improve the environmental impact of its budget in the future. The first fiscal year 50 identifies in 2019 a minimum of €17.5 billion in expenditure unfavorable to the mitigation of climate change, including €13.9 billion in tax expenditure, and approximately €29 billion in favorable expenditure on this same theme. A systematic evaluation covering the entire Budget will be published with each finance bill from the 2021 budget. The use in the evaluations of the new &quot;value of action for the climate&quot;&gt; resulting from the Quinet report (2019) must contribute to assessing the adequacy of the projects studied with the objective of carbon neutrality in 2050. Finally, with regard to state support for international companies, in particular export guarantees, are now enshrined in lawa:
&gt; The commitments already acquired as of today (July 2011) will account for 76% of the equivalent premium for electricity generation with renewable energies that will be produced in 2020. Future commitments, which will represent more than half of the energy generated with renewable energies in 2020, will only represent an extra cost of about 1,500 million, which represents 3% of the total costs of the system for that year (about 49,500 million). &gt; In the group of technologies that can become competitive with the electricity market in this decade, the one that stands out the most for its potential and for the possibility of developing it immediately is onshore wind power. There is a group of technologies with enormous potential (solar, marine energy, biomass residues) that can become competitive in the next decade and that will be the basis for increasing the share of renewables in the future. In the high acid scenario, most of these technologies could become competitive before 2020. A good number of renewable energies show positive competitiveness against a natural gas combined cycle, taking into account the total costs of this technology. Even considering 5,000 h/year of use for this technology, currently onshore wind power and the rehabilitation of mini-hydro plants have lower costs than a natural gas combined cycle. &gt; The cooperation mechanisms foreseen in the Renewable Energy Directive can also contribute significantly to cost reduction. In the considered scenario of transmitting 0.4 Mtoe to other Member States (51.5% of the expected surpluses), the savings could be valued at around 245 million, if the sale price were the average value of the equivalent premium for the set of renewable energies. Around the year 2020, the main component of the price of electricity will be the cost of energy, which will represent 57.2% of the total costs of the system. Access costs will reduce their weight from 59% in 2010 to 42.8% in 2020. The impact of the renewable energy promotion policy on the total costs of the electricity system, and therefore on the price of electricity, is reduced throughout the 2010-2020 period, despite the significant increase in generation. In 2020, the equivalent premium will represent only 13.2% of the total costs of the system. &gt; In the scenario
5 U.K. This Part of this applies in relation to an instrument containing regulations under this Part of this Act made or to be made by any two or more of- (a) the Secretary of State, (b) the Welsh Ministers, and (c) a Northern Ireland department.