UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
Electricity networks will need to accommodate increased demand from the electrification of industrial processes. We will work with the independent regulator, Ofgem, network companies and local stakeholders, including industrial clusters, on the approach to planning and delivering transmission and distribution network requirements, including strategic network investment. We are planning to publish a Bioenergy Strategy in 2022. This will review the amount of sustainable biomass available to the UK and how this could be best used across the economy to help achieve our net zero greenhouse gas emissions target by 2050 while also support the delivery of our wider environmental targets. The strategy will also establish the role which Bioenergy with Carbon Capture & Storage (BECCS) can play in reducing carbon emissions across the economy. Current evidence strongly suggests that, given limited sustainable biomass supply, we may need to prioritise the use of biomass where it can be combined with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), resulting in negative emissions. Cement sites are examples of processes where biomass could be combined with CCUS. Electrification
The share of renewable energy in final consumption modelled under different scenarios is shown in Figure 3. Final consumption of renewable energy, calculated according to EU rules, is projected to increase steadily in the WEM scenario, whereas the modelled low-emission scenarios see it rising to about 55% in 2030 and to almost 80% in 2050. In other words, the share growth projected in the lowemission scenarios surpasses the target set out in the National Energy and Climate Strategy, which requires renewable energy to exceed 50% of final energy consumption over the 2020s. Beyond 2030, the share of renewable energy will increase exceptionally fast through to 2035 as a result of the carbon neutrality target, but will then stabilise by 2050, settling close to a realistically achievable maximum level (accounting for nuclear power and energy from waste). The share of biofuels in transport modelled under the WEM scenario will account for about 16% of final consumption in 2030, while the figure will stand as high as at about 35% under the Continuous Growth scenario and at about 30% under the Savings scenario. In 2050, the share of biofuels will stand at 41% under the Continuous Growth scenario and at 53% under the Savings scenario.
Characteristics: The production of electricity from renewable sources will contribute significantly to reducing the carbon intensity of the country's electricity generation mix. The national policy in this area is well developed in the adopted National Action Plan for Renewable Energy by 2020 and the Renewable Energy Act. The production of electricity from renewable sources is expected to increase to 7.5 TWh by 2020 or to account for 15% in the electricity generation mix of the country which is equivalent approximately to 20% implementation of the national target for renewable energy share in the gross energy consumption in 2020. It will further contribute to reducing carbon intensity in the production of electric energy.
in accordance with instructions in Directive 2018/410 of 14.03.2019, deadline until 30.09.2019, the Republic of Bulgaria has notified the EC of the country&#39;s intention to use a derogation on the basis of art. 10c of Directive 2018/410, through the free distribution of GHG quotas to electricity generation installations, with the aim of strengthening cost-effective reductions in GHG emissions and low-carbon investments during the fourth phase of the ETS for the transition period 2021 - 2030. Total the quotas distributed free of charge will not exceed 40% of the quotas that the Republic of Bulgaria will receive according to Article 10, paragraph 2, 6. a) for the transition period 2021-2030, distributed in equal annual amounts. Implementation of a market-based capacity mechanism for a period of 10 years. According to Regulation (EC) 2019/943 on the internal electricity market, which gives Member States the possibility to apply a capacity mechanism in case of concerns about the adequacy of national resources, which operates on a market basis and is in line with the requirements of the permissible values of CO2 of 550 gCO2/kWh electricity and the limit of 350 kgCO2 from fossil fuels on average per year per installed capacity in kW from 1 July 2025. and the implementation of Bulgaria&#39;s efforts will be aimed at approving a capacity mechanism that will guarantee the security and adequacy of the system and will enable electricity producers to receive additional financial income for their participation in the market.
policies and measures of the Union at least until 2030.
To pursue its decarbonisation objective, the EU has established the 2030 EU Climate and Energy Framework for the period 2021-2030. The Framework sets a target for the EU to reduce GHG emissions by at least 40% (compared to 1990 levels) by 2030. This target includes several components, all to be achieved by 2030. Firstly, emissions under the EU ETS have to be reduced by 43% (compared to 2005). Secondly, emissions under the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR, Regulation (EU) 2018/842) have to be cut by 30% (compared to 2005). Thirdly, emissions and removals from the LULUCF sector are for the first time included in the EU climate target, through the ESR. The LULUCF Regulation (2018/841)10 provides specific accounting rules. Member States must maintain or enhance the carbon sink in the LULUCF sector. Fourthly, the 2030 Climate and Energy Framework, through the revised Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001)2 and the amended Energy Efficiency Directive (2018/2002), sets a binding renewable energy target (at least 32% of final energy consumption) and a headline target for energy efficiency (at least 32.5% of final energy consumption) to be achieved by 2030. Additionally, it sets a binding target of renewable energy in the transport sector (at least 14% of final energy consumption in transport) by 2030. As a way to monitor the progress made by Member States, the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action (2018/1999)4 establishes planning, monitoring and
The Strategy for Energy Security and Environment (BEI) covers two extremely important areas: energy and environment, indicating, inter alia, key reforms and necessary actions to be taken by 2020
Control of the Court of Auditors according to Art. 127 Para. 3 B-VG be granted. This also applies mutatis mutandis to the awarding of orders to freelancers active members of the federal government, state secretaries and members of the
3.6 RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW The objective of the RES Law is to facilitate the harnessing of Albania's significant renewable energy resources, in particular in the area of hydroelectric plants, biomass and biofuel resources. Through the Energy Community, Albania has set a binding target of 38% of its gross final energy consumption to be fulfilled from renewable energy by 2020, which is an ambitious target compared to 33.1% in 2014, mostly due to the increase of final energy consumption. Specifically, the RES Law will introduce a renewable energy support scheme for electricity based on Contracts for Difference ("CfDs"), which takes into account the creation of a competitive day-ahead electricity market. The details of the CfD-based support scheme will need to be closely coordinated with the drafting of Market Rules described earlier. An effective CfD mechanism will require a robust reference price that RES generators can access through a liquid wholesale market. This should be available once the Market Model has been fully implemented. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ROLES OF KEY POWER SECTOR INSTITUTIONS
The State conducts an ambitious international energy policy that is consistent with national and regional policies, in particular with regard to the fight against climate change. Public policies contribute to strengthening the competitiveness of the French economy and improving the purchasing power of households, in particular households exposed to fuel poverty. To this end, they give priority to a competitive energy supply, promote the development of sectors with high added value and job creation and support self-consumption of electricity. They guarantee a regulatory and fiscal framework favorable to France&#39;s attractiveness for investments in energy-intensive industries in order to avoid the phenomenon of carbon leakage and enable sustainable growth. They ensure that a high level of social protection and collective guarantees are guaranteed to all personnel in the sectors concerned by the energy transition and support training needs and professional transitions. TITLE II BETTER RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS TO SAVE ENERGY, LOWER BILLS AND CREATE JOBS Article 3
6 (1) The regulations may require each participant to have or acquire enough allowances to match the participant's activities in a trading period, subject to any offsetting in accordance with provision made under paragraph 7. U.K. (2) The regulations- (a) may permit allowances held by a participant at the end of a trading period in excess of the participant's activities in the period to be used to cover the participant's activities in a later trading period, (b) may permit allowances allocated to a participant for a trading period to be used to cover the participant's activities in an earlier trading period, and (c) may in either case provide for such use of allowances to be subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations. (3) The regulations must contain provision for ensuring that allowances used by a participant for the purposes of a trading scheme cannot be used by the participant for any other purpose. (4) The regulations- (a) may provide for the expiry of allowances after such period as may be specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations; (b) may enable allowances to be cancelled by a person by whom they are held instead of being used for the purposes of a trading scheme.
The Government is also mobilising green investments internationally: Green finance brings together many of the UK's strengths. This document builds on these strengths. It sets out a strategic framework for green finance, outlines the breadth and depth of activities already underway and sets out ambitious policy proposals to strengthen our global leadership and deliver on our vision of a global financial system fit to deliver a net zero future. Capturing the commercial opportunity
These Regulations amend the Renewable Heat Incentive Scheme Regulations 2011 and apply to accredited RHI installations which are, or which include, new solid biomass CHP systems. They provide for the power efficiency which will apply for the purposes of calculating the proportion of heat to which the new solid biomass CHP tariff will apply. It also amends the formula for calculating this proportion.
3 U.K. A member holds and vacates office in accordance with the terms of the member's appointment.
(1) The Union is facing unprecedented challenges resulting from increased dependence on energy imports and scarce energy resources, and the need to limit climate change and to overcome the economic crisis. Energy efficiency is a valuable means to address these challenges. It improves the Unions security of supply by reducing primary energy consumption and decreasing energy imports. It helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective way and thereby to mitigate climate change. Shifting to a more energy-efficient economy should also accelerate the spread of innovative technological solutions and improve the competitiveness of industry in the Union, boosting economic growth and creating high quality jobs in several sectors related to energy efficiency. (2) The Conclusions of the European Council of 8 and 9 March 2007 emphasised the need to increase energy efficiency in the Union to achieve the objective of saving 20 % of the Unions primary energy consumption by 2020 compared to projections. The conclusions of the European Council of 4 February 2011 emphasised that the 2020 20 % energy efficiency target as agreed by the June 2010 European Council, which is presently not on track, must be delivered. Projections made in 2007 showed a primary energy consumption in 2020 of 1 842 Mtoe. A 20 % reduction results in 1 474 Mtoe in 2020, i.e. a reduction of 368 Mtoe as compared to projections. (3) The Conclusions of the European Council of 17 June 2010 confirmed the energy efficiency target as one of the headline targets of the Unions new strategy for jobs and smart, sustainable and inclusive growth (Europe 2020 Strategy). Under this process and in order to implement this objective at national level, Member States are required to set national targets in close dialogue with the Commission and to indicate, in their National Reform Programmes, how they intend to achieve them.
The Government wants to promote the establishment of new green growth businesses and Denmark as a workshop for the development of new green technologies. With the 2020 climate agreement on energy and industry, there is broad political support for Denmark taking the global lead in renewable energy and ensuring an ambitious green transition of industry.² Denmark is facing an ambitious expansion of green energy and a significant investment in green technologies of the future, including carbon capture and Power-to-X. Denmark has entered into a partnership with the Netherlands, which will finance a subsidy scheme for Power-to-X plants with at least 750 million DKK. The collaboration will help to collect experiences with large-scale production of green fuels for transport and industry, and strengthen international cooperation in the Power-to-X sector. The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that capture and storage are necessary to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. These technologies will contribute to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, including in sectors where it is currently difficult or not Denmark is leading the way with an ambitious national green transition, and we can make great strides with established technologies and instruments. But there is also a need to develop technologies through cooperation with other countries and the international business community to attract knowledge, innovation and investments from other countries, businesses and actors. This can contribute to our domestic efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 and the goal of climate neutrality by 2050. The Government will work to attract green investments to Denmark and engage in international collaborations on innovation and research, which can strengthen the role of Danish knowledge institutions and accelerate the development of new green technologies that can contribute to maintaining Danish positions of strength. Intensified climate diplomacy efforts can also contribute to these efforts. 65 billion DKK², this sector provides a basis for increased green growth in Denmark and contributions to the global green transition. Therefore, Danish businesses need favourable conditions for developing and exporting new green products and solutions, including access to export promotion initiatives and financing. as well as new incentives for research and development. The Government will work to ensure the spread of Danish businesses' green solutions through a focused export promotion initiative and by further strengthening green economic diplomacy.
2) Iceland's Nationally Determined Contribution Iceland announced on 12 December 2020 at the Climate Ambition Summit that Iceland would increase its level of ambition from the currently pledged 40 per cent emissions cuts to 2030, to 55 per cent or more, acting jointly to achieve this enhanced target with other European States. The European Union and its Member States have since communicated that they, acting jointly, are committed to a binding target of a net domestic emission reduction of at least 55 per cent to 2030 compared to 1990. Iceland's enhanced ambition target of 55 per cent net emissions reduction refers to the joint target of the countries involved; the individual share and commitments of each country is then determined by commonly agreed rules. and Forestry sector. This means that Iceland's contribution towards the joint fulfilment target is comparable in effort and governed by the same set of rules as for the Member States of the European Union and for Norway.
In order to achieve the emission reduction objectives, the Agreement establishes a "bottom up system' where Parties will have to prepare and communicate successive nationally determined contributions (NDC) every five years with the aim of progressively improving their efforts. In addition to their NDC, Parties should also formulate long-term, mid-century low GHG development strategies, and submit them by 2020 that demonstrate how their efforts will contribute to the goal of zero-net emissions by the second half of this century. Albania has signed the Paris Agreement on the 22nd of April 2016 in New York, and the agreement will enter into force after 55 countries that account for at least 55% of global emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification.
The fight against illegal deforestation in Guyana (approximately 800 ha/year) is also a priority. c) Contribution of the forest-wood sector to carbon neutrality The forest-wood sector is a strategic sector for carbon neutrality by 2050, because it meets these two needs:
The UK has a strong track record of growing our economy whilst reducing our emissions. We were the first major economy to legislate for net zero emissions by 2050 and to set statutory targets in the Climate Change Act 2008. Our net zero commitment was backed up by our increased and world leading pledge (Nationally Determined Contribution) under the Paris Agreement. Our Adaptation Communication to the UNFCCC (2021) and the National Mitigation Communication to the UNFCCC (2022) set out actions we are taking at home to ensure we are following through on our NDC commitments, as well as being resilient and prepared for current and future climate risks. As part of our Powering up Britain plans, we are publishing a new Net Zero Growth Plan and the Energy Security Plan alongside this ICF strategy. These are complemented by the 2023 Green Finance Strategy, and the 2030 Strategic Framework for International Climate and Nature Action. This package of announcements builds on the UK's Net Zero Strategy, Environmental Improvement Plan 2023, support for the Montreal Protocol and our commissioning of and response to the Dasgupta Review on the Economics of Biodiversity, evidencing the UK's commitment to climate leadership following our COP26 Presidency. Delivering our Policy goals
Payments U.K. 8 (1) The regulations may provide that a participant who does not have or acquire enough allowances or credits to match or offset the participant's activities in a trading period must pay an amount specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations within the period so specified. U.K. (2) The regulations may require the payment to be made to- (a) the administrator, or (b) such other person as the regulations may specify. (3) The provision that may be made about the amount of the payment includes, in particular, (a) for the amount to be determined by the administrator or a national authority; (b) in a case where the payment is not made within the period specified in the regulations, for the amount to increase at the rate so specified until payment; (c) for the amount of the payment, or of any amount by reference to which it is to be calculated, to be adjusted from time to time by reference to inflation or some other factor. (4) Provision within sub-paragraph (3)(c) may refer, in particular, to an index or data specified in the regulations (including as modified from time to time after the regulations come into force). (5) If the regulations provide for payments to be made to a person other than a national authority, they must provide for that person to pay the sums received to the national authority or authorities specified in or determined in accordance with the regulations.
8 (1) If in accordance with paragraph 3 (negative resolution procedure)- U.K. (a) either House of Parliament resolves that an address be presented to Her Majesty praying that an instrument containing regulations made by the Secretary of State be annulled, or (b) a devolved legislature resolves that an instrument containing regulations made by a national authority be annulled, nothing further is to be done under the instrument after the date of the resolution and Her Majesty may by Order in Council revoke the instrument. (2) This is without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under the instrument or to the making of a new instrument. (3) This paragraph applies in place of provision made by any other enactment about the effect of such a resolution.
1. 'Aerothermal energy' is the energy stored in the form of heat in the ambient air; 2. 'Geothermal energy' is the energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth; 3. 'Hydrothermal energy' is the energy stored in the form of heat in surface water; 4. 'Biomass' is the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and urban waste; 5. 'Bioliquids' are the fuels in liquid or gaseous form, mixed with hydrocarbon fuels, produced from biomass, according to the dispositions on law no. 9876, date 14.2.2008 "For the production, transportation, and the trade of biofuels and other renewable fuels to be used on the transport sector. 6. 'Energy from renewable sources' means energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases; 7. 'Gross final consumption of energy' Is the entire amount of energy delivered to the territory of the Republic of Albania, for industrial purposes, transportation, for the household sector, for different services, including public and private services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, including the consumption of electricity and heat even for subsistence in all energy sectors, as well as loss of electricity and heat in the transmission and distribution system; 8. 'Guarantee of origin' is an electronic document which has the sole function of providing proof to a final customer that a given share or quantity of energy was produced from renewable sources: 9. 'Competitive bidding process' is an objective procedure, transparent, non- discriminatory and competitively enabling the participation of a sufficient number of companies and in which financial support granted on the basis of the initial bid submitted by the bidder 10. 'Support scheme' is any instrument, scheme or mechanism applied in that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of that energy, increasing the price at which it can be sold, or increasing, by means of a renewable energy obligation or
Industry Embedding Net Zero in Government Heat and buildings