UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
Target Type
Absolute reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the emissions
in the base year. Base Year
Year 1990 is chosen as the base year for determining quantifiable
greenhouse gas emission reduction target. The same year was also adopted by the
Republic of Belarus as the reference point when undertaking greenhouse gas
emission commitments as part of previous international agreements on climate
change. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Base Year
To obtain data on greenhouse gas emissions in the base year, the National
Greenhouse Gas Inventory of 2012 was used. The data of this inventory were also
included in the Sixth National Communication sent to the UNFCCC Secretariat in
February 2015, and underwent expert review by the UNFCCC Secretariat in April
2015. According to these data, greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 were 139,151.23
thousand tons in CO eq., excluding the land use, land-use change and forestry
sector (hereinafter referred to as LULUCF). Period Covered
Taking into account the National Sustainable Development Strategy until
2030, the year 2030 is taken as the target year for these commitments. Therefore, the validity period of all commitments and targets of this
document covers the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2030. Scope of Commitments
In view of the methodology adopted in the country and reporting
requirements regarding UNFCCC greenhouse gas inventories, the current
commitments cover information on greenhouse gas emissions in the following
sectors:
power industry;
industrial processes;
use of solvents;
agriculture;
waste.
The greenhouse gas emission reduction goal for 2020 expects to reduce emissions in absolute terms by approximately 32 Mt CO-eq compared to 146 Mt CO,-eq in 2005. At the EU level, the target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40% compared to 1990 by 2030 is further divided to reduce emissions by 43% in the EU ETS and by 30% in non-ETS sectors compared to 2005. However, the distribution of the 30% target among the Member States, where the main criterion is the GDP per capita, is still under negotiations and a draft of the legislation was submitted by the European
sector engagement and funding; facilitating access to the fund (e.g. by diminishing Multilateral climate change funds to which the Netherlands contributed include the Green frameworks are in place that should rank as global best practices, e.g. on gender,
These Regulations provide a framework for the authorisation of environmental activities ("regulated activities") in Scotland. Regulated activities currently are activities involving either or both— (a) radioactive material; (b) radioactive waste (“radioactive substances activity”). The Regulations transpose provisions of Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom. A registration or authorisation under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 is deemed to be an authorisation. Activities which are not regulated under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 but which are radioactive substances activities under these Regulations will generally require an authorisation of the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). The Scottish Minister shall provide guidance to SEPA. Provision is made in respect to appeals to the Scottish Ministers and administrative procedures.
Select Committee on the Constitution UK internal market white paper Thank you again for coming to speak to the Committee about the UK internal market white We are not convinced about the need to legislate for the UK internal market and we are unsure precisely what problems the white paper is seeking to solve. A substantial part of the UK economy is tied into international trade, and economic alignment within the UK on a wide range of issues will be secured by the requirements of the UK Government and devolved administrations to adhere to international treaties and trade agreements – those to which the UK is already a party and those it seeks to negotiate. In addition, a significant degree of alignment can be expected through the operation of market forces within the UK, driven by the pressure from businesses to supply goods and services in a consistent and coherent manner across the four nations. The devolved governments also have a direct incentive to ensure that trade and economic activity across the UK is not significantly impeded, as the size of their own budgets will increasingly depend on the buoyancy of revenues from the taxes devolved, or planned to be assigned, to them. We are particularly concerned about the urgency with which the Government intends to proceed with this proposal and the limited time available for consultation. We consider that there is a need for reflection and wide consultation in order to determine the best way forward and one that can maximise consensus between the four nations of the UK. A central issue the Government faces with this white paper is that it attempts to deal with the economic matters without engaging with the political and constitutional issues. As you are well aware, there are long-standing concerns about the practical operation of the devolution arrangements, in particular inter-governmental relations and the workings of the Joint Ministerial Committee. The Constitution Committee has reported on these matters repeatedly as part of our work and one of our members, Lord Dunlop, conducted a review for the Government on these issues that we hope will be published soon. Our concern is that by seeking to deal with the economic challenges the Union may face at the end of the Brexit transition period without first, or concurrently, addressing those Minister for Climate Change and Corporate Responsibility Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy

political and constitutional challenges not only puts the economic proposals at risk but makes it more difficult to resolve the political disagreements. At a time when the Union is perceived by some to be fragile, as the post-Brexit devolution arrangements are determined, actions that risk inflaming disagreements are unwise. We await the outcome of the consultation and should the Government decide to proceed with legislation we will scrutinise it closely. Chair of the Constitution Committee
The fourth round of the Contracts for Difference (CfD) scheme opened with GBP 285 million a year funding for low-carbon technology. The scheme aims to secure 12GW of electricity capacity, opening funds to an expanded number of renewable energy technologies, with offshore wind, onshore wind, solar, tidal, and floating offshore wind projects. GBP 200 million available for offshore wind, GBP 75 million for emerging technologies, such as remote island wind, tidal stream, and floating offshore wind, and GBP 10 million for established technologies, such as solar and onshore wind.In July 2022, 11GW of clean energy (offshore wind, solar, onshore wind, floating offshore wind and tidal stream) were secured. The greatest capacity (almost 7GW) was secured from new offshore wind projects.
3. The Law on Promoting Use of Energy from Renewable Energy Sources. It provides for the main targets to achieve at least 17% of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption by 2020 and at least 10% of renewable energy in the final energy consumption in transport by 2020. Achieving these goals will also increase the country's energy security, which is considerably dependent on energy imports.
21 (1) The regulations may appoint a person as the administrator of a trading scheme. U.K. (2) The regulations may confer or impose functions on the administrator for the purposes of the scheme. (3) Only the following may be appointed as the administrator of a trading scheme- (a) the Secretary of State, (b) the Scottish Ministers, (c) the Welsh Ministers, (d) the relevant Northern Ireland department, (e) a body established by an enactment, or (f) any combination of the above. (4) The same person may be appointed as the administrator of more than one trading scheme. (5) More than one person may be appointed as the administrator of the same trading scheme.
The fourth edition of the report Mapping Chinas Climate and Energy Policies describes, maps and analyzes Chinas national-level Party, government agencies, academic and research institutions, and state-affiliated enterprise climate actors in China on a policy by policy basis. The report is supported by the British Embassy in Beijing, the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Beijing, and the Embassy of Switzerland in China. The report comprises twelve chapters organized in three sections stakeholders and policy formation process, policies, and future strategy. In Part I Stakeholders and Policy Formation Process
Chapter 1 provides an overview of Chinas central government, setting out the main stakeholders engaged in climate policy formation at the national level. These include government and non-governmental actors such as industry and expert organizations. Chapter 2 summarizes key Party organizations and leadership task forces engaged in climate, energy and environmental policy. It explains how the Party leads government policy formation processes. Chapter 3 analyzes the Ministry of Ecology and Environment MEE and National Development and Reform Commission of the Peoples Republic of China NDRC and institutions specializing in climate and energy policies associated with the State Council. Chapter 4 focuses on expert organizations. Chapter 5 on industry stakeholders.
Chapter 6 draws on sociological theory to present clusters of stakeholders that influence specific climate and energy issues, varying according to political, administrative, economic, and technical bases of authority. In Part II Policies
Chapter 7 explains aspects of Chinas political economy essential for understanding its environmental and energy policies. This chapter covers the co-existence of the centrally planned and market economy, the pervasiveness of subsidies, decentralized tax administration, and related land development and finance policies. Chapters 8 and 9 present Chinas climate and energy policies that are critical to its ability to meet its Paris Agreement contributions. Chapter 8 also examines how Chinas efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions must synergize with solving air, water and land pollution. Chapter 10 summarizes Chinas positions at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC and other international fora, and how Chinas Nationally Determined Contribution NDC under the Paris Agreement was developed in relation to its domestic five-year planning process. In Part III Future Strategy
Chapter 11 examines the imperative for China to take immediate action on climate and how Chinas efforts to advance climate policies have emerged as a foreign policy strategy. Chapter 12 concludes by considering the future of Chinas climate policy formation process and how it might influence Chinas broader reform agenda, its foreign relations, energy policy, and the critical step of local implementation of its NDC to achieve its pledges to the international community.
Source: Energy in Ireland 1990-2005, SEI 3.13.3. The Government launched the National Energy Efficiency Campaign in 2006 which aims over the next three years to achieve real and measurable behavioural change and energy savings across all economic sectors. 3.13.4. The Government has welcomed the EU's ambitious Energy Efficiency Action Plan published in November 2006. Together with other Member States, Ireland endorses the need for an ambitious multi annual programme of priority actions. We have agreed a shared goal to realise a 20% energy saving for Europe by 2020 which will potentially mean annual savings of EUR 100 billion, and 390 Million tonnes oil equivalent while reducing the EU's CO emissions by more than twice the Kyoto Protocol requirement by 2012. The EU Action Plan sets out 10 priority actions and will see the progressive negotiation and roll out of measures between 2007 and 2012 to achieve the 20% savings by 2020. 3.13.5. The forthcoming National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency, to be published for consultation in April 2007, will fully reflect the EU Action Plan on Energy Efficiency and will set out the concrete measures to deliver 20% reduction in energy demand for Ireland by 2020. It will build on achievements to date, target specific sectors for achieving better results and ensure maximum compliance with existing and forthcoming EU Directives. 3.13.6. I.S. 393, the Irish Standard for Energy Management, was designed to promote energy consciousness in all aspects of business, from design and specification, through procurement, operation and maintenance. Properly applied, it can ensure that there are practical principles which can give effect to a company's energy/environmental policy, and can assist all staff to contribute towards better control of energy use. 3.13.7. Electricity Demand Side Management (DSM) programmes have a key role to play in delivering energy efficiency by enabling suppliers, ESB Networks and EirGrid to plan better and to manage and modify customer demand. DSM also involves equipping consumers with the data and the means to monitor, manage and reduce their electricity demand. 3.13.8. The Government considers that greater priority needs to be given to sustained cost effective DSM initiatives for the residential and business sectors building on existing programmes. Our own experience to date as well as international experience (including USA, Australia and Scandinavia) has demonstrated the benefits which can accrue for the electricity sector, the
On the other hand, the construction sector will require a large number of duly trained professionals to undertake the objectives of energy rehabilitation of built buildings, as well as the construction standards of new buildings. The transition towards climate neutrality requires a profound change in the culture of energy use in Spain, with implications for access to information, social awareness, basic education and technical and professional training. Spain will only be among the leading European countries in the global energy transition if it has qualified human capital for the task.
The purposes of the regulations contained in this instrument are to prevent and combat serious corruption. This instrument enables the Secretary of State to impose financial sanctions (regulation 11 to 15) and travel bans (regulation 17) on persons involved in serious corruption. Part 2 provides for designation criteria and establishes disclosure regime. Part 5 lists exceptions and licences. Part 6 Information and records, disclosure regime. Part 7 enforcement.
Looking towards 2030, the first step towards achieving the 2030 European Climate and Energy Package at a national level was taken in 2015 with approval of the Strategic Framework for Climate Policy (QEPIC), with a vision of decarbonising the economy and placing the country in better conditions to meet the challenges created by the Paris Agreement. In 2016, the Portuguese government pledged to ensure neutrality of its emissions by the end of 2050, outlining a clear view on intense decarbonisation of the national economy, as a contribution to the Paris Agreement and in line with the most ambitious efforts under way at an international level. It was then established that Portugal should reduce its GHG emissions from -18% to -23% by 2020 and from -30% to -40% by 2030, compared to the 2005 figures, contingent on the results of the European negotiations, and sectoral targets for the reduction of GHG emissions were also defined.
Renewable energy use will be increased to account for over 50 % of the final energy consumption in the 2020s. The long-term goal is for the energy system to become carbon neutral and be heavily based on renewable energy sources. Policy measures looking to 2030 take into account not only cost-effectiveness but also longer term needs to change the energy system. The use of agricultural, municipal and industrial waste and sidestreams in the production of heat and electricity as well as transport fuels will be promoted. This will also reduce environmental stress, promote a circular economy, and create reference sites for clean bioeconomy and circular economy solutions. Decentralised electricity and heat production based on renewable energy will be promoted. An effort will be made to increase decentralised small- scale production, mainly on market terms and through the current economic incentives. The interest of citizens, companies and the public sector in utilising renewable sources in the energy solutions of individual buildings will be encouraged through guidance by information and local reference sites. Changes in financial incentives for decentralised production, including investment aids, will be implemented with moderation and over a sufficiently long time interval, taking the reduction in the costs of decentralised production into account. Renewable energy investment subsidies will primarily be targeted at the commercialisation of new technologies and to the non-ETS sector, including plants producing advanced biofuels for transport, wider use of alternative transport power sources, and building- specific or other non- ETS electricity and heat production of companies and farms. The objective is that aid for different technologies will be phased out as a technology develops, the costs are reduced and competitiveness improves. Additional measures taken to increase the volume of renewable energy and improve energy efficiency will bring Finland's self-sufficiency in energy up to 55 % of final energy consumption by the end of the 2020s. Global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will create demand for clean energy production and consumption solutions. In measures that promote renewable energy use, attention should also be paid to the creation of references and a domestic market for solutions based on renewable energy, resource efficiency and a flexible energy system, which are growing global sectors.
Our climate action strategy is designed to provide substantial guidance for the process needed to achieve the climate targets. It is a strategy that aims to modernise our economy, and one of its main features is that it neither focuses on nor rules out any particular technology. It is a strategy that is designed to promote and develop new technologies, in the field of renewable energy, for example, and to increase energy efficiency. This is a way of conserving resources and using them more efficiently and at the same time improving the performance and competitiveness of our economy and its businesses. To make sure this transition towards a largely greenhouse gas-neutral society in the next decades becomes a success story, not only for climate policy but also for economic policy, we need to take a broader view. National, European and international climate targets are at the centre of the climate action strategy. This strategy must also take economic and social concerns into account: economic concerns because ultimately only economic success will make climate action an attractive proposition worldwide, and social concerns because one of the principles of climate action on a national as well as international level is that "strong shoulders must carry more than weaker ones." Climate action will only enjoy the broad social acceptance it needs in Germany if economic success and social balance are achieved. This will make the modernisation of our economy a beacon of success. Here again, guidance can be found in Agenda 2030: its 17 goals reflect all three dimensions of sustainability equally. Climate action is thus tantamount to increased economic performance and competitiveness. Decarbonisation means restructuring industry; it does not mean deindustrialisation. On the contrary: only if highly industrialised countries such as Germany provide living proof that meeting national climate targets does not have a negative impact on a country's economic and industrial success will other countries follow our lead.
The UK Business Secretary announced a GBP 200 million grant, delivered through the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) program, that will be matched by industry for a total investment of GBP 400 million in aerospace research and technology. The grant will enable ambitious projects to lift off and support economic recovery following the pandemic. Projects include developing high-performance engines, new wing designs, ultra-lightweight materials to reduce fuel consumption, energy-efficient electric components, and other brand new concepts to enhance innovation in the sector.
This guidance outlines how you can work out the effects of air pollution within economic appraisals. For guidance on general appraisal methodology see the HM Treasury Green Book. Select a technique
Use the toolkit to calculate the net present value of the change in air pollution for your scheme. This toolkit uses the damage costs approach. The impacts are less than 50 million
If the impacts are less than 50 million in total, then continue to use the calculated values from the toolkit. Use the damage costs approach guidance to
Damage costs are the health impact on society of a change in emissions of different pollutants. To make sure you have interpreted the toolkit correctly, read the damage costs approach before including air pollution analysis within your appraisal. The impacts are more than 50 million
If the impact is more than 50 million, or the main objective of the policy or project is changes in air quality, use the impact pathways approach. The impact pathways will value the impacts of air pollution where they are localised - that is focused in one specific area, for example, the impact of emissions around a specific power station.
5 U.K. The national authorities may remove a member- (a) who has been absent from meetings of the Committee without its permission for a period of 6 months or more, (b) who has become bankrupt or has made an arrangement with creditors, (c) whose estate has been sequestrated in Scotland or who, under Scots law, has made a composition or arrangement with, or
However, as part of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2012, Switzerland reiterated its conditional offer to move from its target of a 20 per cent emission reduction by 2020 compared with 1990 levels to a 30 per cent emission reduction, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabil ities (see FCCC/S8/2011/INF.1/Rev.1).