UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
Fixed monetary penalties: procedure E+W+N.I. 11 (1) Provision under paragraph 10 must secure that- E+W+N.I. (a) where an administrator proposes to impose a fixed monetary penalty on a person, the administrator must serve on that person a notice of what is proposed (a "notice of intent") that complies with sub-paragraph (2), (b) the notice of intent also offers the person the opportunity to discharge the person's liability for the fixed monetary penalty by payment of a specified sum (which must be less than or equal to the amount of the penalty), (c) if the person does not so discharge liability- (i) the person may make written representations and objections to the administrator in relation to the proposed imposition of the fixed monetary penalty, and (ii) the administrator must at the end of the period for making representations and objections decide whether to impose the fixed monetary penalty, (d) where the administrator decides to impose the fixed monetary penalty, the notice imposing it ("the final notice") complies with sub-paragraph (4), and (e) the person on whom a fixed monetary penalty is imposed may appeal against the decision to impose it. (2) To comply with this sub-paragraph the notice of intent must include information as to- (a) the grounds for the proposal to impose the fixed monetary penalty, (b) the effect of payment of the sum referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(b), (c) the right to make representations and objections, (d) the circumstances in which the administrator may not impose the fixed monetary penalty, (e) the period within which liability to the fixed monetary penalty may be discharged, which may not exceed the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice of intent was received, and (f) the period within which representations and objections may be made, which may not exceed the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice of intent was received. (3) Provision pursuant to sub-paragraph (1)(c)(ii) must include provision for circumstances in which the administrator may not decide to impose a fixed monetary penalty. (4) To comply with this sub-paragraph the final notice referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(d) must include information as to- (a) the grounds for imposing the penalty, (b) how payment may be made, (c) the period within which payment must be made, (d) any early payment discounts or late payment penalties, (e) rights of appeal, and (f) the consequences of non-payment. (5) Provision pursuant to sub-paragraph (1)(e) must secure that the grounds on which a person may appeal against a decision of the administrator include the following- (a) that the decision was based on an error of fact; (b) that the decision was wrong in law; (c) that the decision was unreasonable.
For emissions not resulting from energy consumption (fertilizers, ruminants, waste, industrial processes, etc. ), in the same way as for energy, it is possible to break down the paths for reducing emissions from greenhouse gases, distinguishing in particular: Several possible paths to achieve carbon neutrality exist. However, they all require in-depth reform of all sectors of the economy. The purpose of this strategy is therefore to increase the rate of decarbonization of the national economy and to reduce imported emissions.
This document sets out the government's vision for high-efficiency, low-carbon buildings, to enable a greener future with enhanced business and job opportunities. The main goals of the strategy are to reduce energy bills through enhanced energy efficiency, create the markets required to the transition towards low-carbon heat systems, and test the viability of hydrogen for heating.
(10) In its resolution of 25 September 2007 on the Road Map for Renewable Energy in Europe (5), the European Parlia- ment called on the Commission to present, by the end of 2007, a proposal for a legislative framework for energy from renewable sources, referring to the importance of set- ting targets for the shares of energy from renewable sources at Community and Member State level. (11) It is necessary to set transparent and unambiguous rules for calculating the share of energy from renewable sources and for defining those sources. In this context, the energy present in oceans and other water bodies in the form of waves, marine currents, tides, ocean thermal energy gradi- ents or salinity gradients should be included. (12) The use of agricultural material such as manure, slurry and other animal and organic waste for biogas production has, in view of the high greenhouse gas emission saving poten- tial, significant environmental advantages in terms of heat and power production and its use as biofuel. Biogas instal- lations can, as a result of their decentralised nature and the regional investment structure, contribute significantly to sustainable development in rural areas and offer farmers new income opportunities. (13) In the light of the positions taken by the European Parlia- ment, the Council and the Commission, it is appropriate to establish mandatory national targets consistent with a 20% share of energy from renewable sources and a 10 % share of energy from renewable sources in transport in Community energy consumption by 2020. (14) The main purpose of mandatory national targets is to pro- vide certainty for investors and to encourage continuous development of technologies which generate energy from all types of renewable sources. Deferring a decision about whether a target is mandatory until a future event takes place is thus not appropriate.
5 If the second paragraph enters into force on a date other than January 1 of a calendar year, that paragraph applies with regard to that calendar year only for the remaining part of that calendar year. The percentage referred to in the second paragraph for that calendar year relates to the number of Mton CO2 that would be produced if the installed capacity of the production installation for generating electricity using coal was used in full, in proportion to the number of days remaining in that calendar year.
Driving transformation forward together Steel is already being produced in Germany and in the European Union with less CO₂ and in a more climate-friendly manner than in many other countries around the world. Against the background of the goal of greenhouse gas neutrality in 2050, we are determined to lead the further transformation towards climate-neutral and sustainable steel production to success in a smart and level-headed manner and to become the technology leader for innovative and climate-friendly production processes. This will require investments in the tens of billions over the next two decades.³ They will 3 Own calculation by WV Stahl: The investment costs for a complete conversion of the primary steel route to low-CO₂ processes were roughly estimated using the rule of thumb of 1,000 euros per ton of new crude steel production capacity multiplied by a primary steel production of around 30 million tons.
10 (1) The regulations may provide that participants may only carry on activities to which the trading scheme applies, or specified activities to which the scheme applies, if they hold a permit. U.K. (2) The regulations may make provision about the issue, variation, transfer, surrender and revocation of permits. (3) The regulations may provide for conditions to be attached to permits. (4) References in this to the requirements of the scheme include requirements imposed by conditions attached to a permit.
National indicative targets 1. The following national indicative targets are set, calculated on the basis of energy content, for the release for consumption of biofuels and other renewable fuels, expressed as a percentage of the total diesel and petrol in transport released for consumption on the national market: by 31 December 2005: 1.0 per cent; b) by 31 December 2010: 2.5 per cent. Art. 4. Methods for promoting biofuels and other renewable fuels 1. The modalities for the first promotion of biofuels and other renewable fuels in transport are those established, up to 2007, by article 1, paragraphs 520 and 521, of law no. 311.
Reference year(s),
base year(s),
reference period(s) or other starting
point(s)
Quantifiable information on the
reference indicators, their values in the
reference year(s), base year(s). reference period(s) or other starting
point(s), and, as applicable, in the
target year
For strategies, plans and actions
referred to in Article 4, paragraph 6, of
the Paris Agreement, or polices and
measures as components of nationally
determined contributions
where
paragraph 1(b) above is not
applicable, Parties to provide other
relevant information
Target relative to the reference
indicator, expressed numerically, for
example in percentage or amount of
reduction
Albania is committed to reduce its GHG emissions from its projected
BAU baseline by the year 2030. Therefore, the target is expressed as a
mitigation effort of -20.9% total GHG emissions reduction in 2030
compared to business-as-usual scenario for this year. Starting point of projections calculation is 2016: emissions are
calculated from 2016 to 2030. NDC's implementation timeframe spans
from 2021 to 2030. Business-as-usual emissions in 2030 are calculated through a
projection of emission based on the continuation on recent trends,
current implemented policies, and take into account macroeconomics
indicators evolution such as GDP and population. Total emissions (including FOLU) for the BAU scenario increase by
+49.4% between 2016 and 2030. Details of emissions for the reference year and the starting point are
given in the NDC main text. Not applicable. The difference, in 2030, with the BAU scenario, is -3,170 kt COe below
BAU in 2030, which represents a mitigation impact of -20.9%. Information on sources of data used in National inventory GHG emissions from the 1" BUR draft and the 4th
quantifying the reference point(s)
National Communication were used to estimate the starting point
(2016) and to projected emissions up to 2030. Information on the circumstances
under which the Party may update the
values of the reference indicators
2. Time frames and/or periods for
These Regulations are organised in 8 Parts. Part 1 contains introductory provisions including transitional provision for all holdings not previously within a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone. Part 2 imposes annual limits on the amount of nitrogen from organic manure that may be applied or spread. Part 3 sets requirements and limits relating to the amount of nitrogen to be spread on a crop; it also establishes that an occupier must plan in advance the spreading of nitrogen fertiliser, record additional information during the year. Part 4 regulates the spreading of nitrogen fertilizer, where and when to spread it, conditions when the spreading happens near surface water, control system among others. Part 5 establishes closed periods during which it is prohibited to spread nitrogen fertilizer. Part 6 makes provision for the storage of organic manure and prescribes the capacity and construction requirements for such storage systems. Part 7 specifies what records must be kept.
These Regulations amend the Neighbourhood Planning (General) Regulations 2012 so as to, among other things: to prescribe circumstances in which a local planning authority must designate all of the area specified in a neighbourhood area application; insert a new Part 8A which provides for cases where a qualifying body requests the Secretary of State to intervene to decide whether to put a proposal for a neighbourhood development order or plan to referendum. These Regulations also amend the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015 to make provision for cases where a neighbourhood forum is notified of a planning application in their area, and for forums to be consulted on local development order proposals and applications for urgent Crown development.
The UK was the first major economy in the world to pass laws to end its contribution to global warming with our 2050 net zero target. With the publication of this strategy, we become the first to show how we can have a thriving industrial sector aligned to net zero. We will work in partnership with industry, its workforce, customers and communities, sharing the costs and opportunities of this green industrial revolution. This strategy builds on the ambition and actions set out in the Industrial Decarbonisation and Energy Efficiency Roadmaps to 2050 project: updating the pathways analysis and adapting actions to reflect our net zero target, considering fully the role of hydrogen and resource efficiency, and expanding to consider all of UK industry. This strategy reflects advice and feedback from trade associations, businesses, environmental groups, academics and the Climate Change Committee (CCC). Workshops explored themes such as incentives to adopt low carbon technologies, carbon leakage risks and the importance of a clear policy and funding landscape. The role of government, industry and the consumer in the net zero transition were discussed at a Confederation of British Industry roundtable with over 40 industry representatives, as well as the BEIS Industrial Energy and Energy Intensive Industry stakeholder forums. Finally, the pathways analysis in Annex 4 was tested with a group of academic experts.
Without policy change, global energy demand is projected to increase by over 50% between now and 2030. Fossil energy remains the dominant source of energy to 2030 in both scenarios, but significantly slower growth in fossil fuel demand can be achieved under the Alternative scenario. Under IEA's Alternative Scenario, World Primary Energy Demand in 2030 is about 10% lower than under no-change scenarios. Policies to encourage the most efficient supply and use of energy can, according to the IEA, contribute to almost 80% of avoided CO emissions by 2030. In that context technological breakthrough, which changes the way we use energy, is essential for a sustainable energy future. The IEA also offers a Beyond Alternative Policy Scenario which sees even more ambitious goals for 2030 and which would take radical technology breakthrough. The IEA Outlook offers practical guidance to policy makers about the potential impacts of the very many energy policy options being considered worldwide and the costs and benefits associated with them. We welcome the Alternative Policy Scenario findings as drivers for change for Ireland and for all countries. Irish energy policy is also being informed by the important work of the IEA (2006) on energy technology scenarios and strategies to 2050. We will, under the new policy framework, develop Ireland's own energy forecasting and analysis capability taking account of the implications of global trends and IEA scenarios. This will be a key part of the planned review of energy policy goals and targets every two years from 2007 onwards.
Both scenarios envisage a 23% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 in the WEM scenario and a 72% reduction in the WAM scenario compared to 1990 levels. The largest percentage of emissions come from the energy sector, a 72% reduction could occur if in this sector achieve a reduction of 64% in 2050, compared to 1990. These projections do not propose measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the IPPU sector, so the forecasts are taken according to the basic regression model, which by 2050 compared to 1990 is expected to increase of greenhouse gases by 153%.
By enshrining the ecological and climate emergency in law, France has confirmed that climate change mitigation must be a top priority. This priority must now permeate all public policies. The bodies already in place will make this possible: The preparation of this document, which constitutes France's long-term strategy for achieving A. Overview and challenges
Turkey Climate Change Strategy 2010-2023 Turkey; With the awareness that climate change is a multifaceted and complex problem that may lead to very serious environmental and socio-economic consequences and even threaten the security of countries, and that the effects of these have become one of the most important tests that threaten the lives of future generations, It is aware of the importance of international cooperation within the scope of reducing gas emissions and combating climate change. In this framework, Turkey has prepared the &quot;National Climate Change Strategy&quot; in order to contribute to the global efforts to reduce the effects of climate change within the framework of its own special conditions and possibilities. or the medium-term objectives envisaged to begin, and the long-term objectives spanning 10 years. and Turkey, as one of the basic principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, aims to contribute to the efforts to combat global climate change within the framework of &quot;common but differentiated responsibilities, as much as possible; sets out national mitigation, adaptation, technology, financing and capacity building policies. With the decision numbered 26/CP.7 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, taken at the 7th Conference of the Parties held in Marrakech in 2001, the name of Turkey was deleted from Annex II and the Parties declared Turkey Turkey was invited to recognize its special condition, which puts it in a different position from other Annex-I countries. Following this decision, Turkey became a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on May 24, 2004. In Turkey, before becoming a party to the UNFCCC, institutional structuring was carried out in 2001 and with the Prime Ministry Circular No. 2001/2; The Climate Change Coordination Board (IDKK) was established in order to determine the policies to be followed, the measures to be taken and the works to be carried out in the field of climate change. With Turkey&#39;s accession to the UNFCCC in 2004, the IDKK was restructured and expanded in 2010 with the participation of new members. This board is chaired by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communication, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ministry of Science
“FOZEI Foze planned operating costs in a given year 10) in Art. 99, the explanation of the ECO Ginseng symbol is replaced by the following: &quot;Kozeń - the sum of funds allocated to cover the negative balance, o
I Within the scope of the Climate Change Action Plan, we are preparing a road map that covers all sectors and identifies our short, medium and long-term tar- gets for combating climate change. Our aim in preparing this action plan that foresees year 2023, is to integrate Turkey's future development and environ- mental plans and to proceed seamlessly, and without losing pace. $ S W n t- Turkey's Ninth Development Plan (2007-2013) states that Within the scope of Turkey's circumstances, a National Action Plan setting greenhouse gas emis- sion decrease policies and measures with the participation of all related stake- holders will be prepared to fulfill her commitments under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.' Turkey, moving forward and fulfilling her com- mitments in line with this statement, showed her ambition and determination in this matter by completing the Climate Change Action Plan. Becoming a country that can pass its heritage of civilization on to future gen- erations is only possible by taking on leading roles in one's time.
As part of the EU's Fit for 55 package, the Commission has proposed a comprehensive set of changes to the existing EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which should result in an overall emissions reduction of 61 per cent in the sectors concerned by 2030 compared to 2005. The increased ambition is to be achieved by strengthening the current provisions and extending the scope of the scheme. Aviation has been included in the EU ETS since 2012, and it applies to flights between airports in the European Economic Area. During aviation's third emissions trading period, which started in 2021, the total number of emissions allowances will be reduced annually with a linear reduction factor of 2.2 per cent. According to the proposal, the free allocation of allowances will be phased out by 2027, and their linear reduction factor will be tightened from 2.2 to 4.2 per cent from 2024. The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) aims to address any annual increase in total CO emissions from international civil aviation above 2020 levels. Under CORSIA, aircraft operators will be required to purchase offsets for the growth in CO emissions covered by the scheme from 2021. Finland welcomes that CORSIA will be integrated into the EU ETS and will be implemented in it.
In order to achieve the 2040 vision, the Strategy depicts three scenarios: Reference, Moderate Transition and Green (Figure 2.1). The three scenario reflect different dynamics of energy transition and enable flexibility into Macedonian response to relevant EU policies and governance for modern, competitive and climate-neutral economy by 2050. Accordingly, the 2040 vision of the Strategy is: Figure 2.1 Overview of scenarios for the development of Macedonian energy system until 2040
Summary table of actions Map the skills requirement for a net-zero industrial sector. We have used a model of the UK industrial sector to generate plausible pathways that will help us to understand when, where and how to act to achieve a net zero industry by 2050. The model was developed by Element Energy for BEIS and the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and was used to underpin the manufacturing and construction sector analysis in the CCC's Sixth Carbon Budget report (CCC, Sixth Carbon Budget, 2020).
This Order, made under sections 11(6) and 91(1) of the Climate Change Act 2008 sets a limit of the net amount of carbon units that may be credited to the net UK carbon account for the 2018-2022 budgetary period. It also sets out certain carbon units which are excluded from the level of the limit. These are carbon units credited to and debited from the net UK carbon account as a result of the operation of the EU emissions trading scheme. Carbon units are defined in regulation 3 of the Carbon Accounting Regulations 2009.
Utilities Act 2000 (c. 27) E+W+S 6 (1) Section 103 of the Utilities Act 2000 (overall carbon emissions reduction targets) is amended as follows. E+W+S (2) In subsection (1)(b) (power by order to specify overall target for the promotion of measures mentioned in section 41A(2) of the 1989 Act), before "distributors" insert " generators, " . (3) After subsection (1) insert- " (1A) The power conferred by this section may be exercised so as to specify more than one overall target in relation to the same period or to periods that overlap to any extent. " . (4) In subsection (2)(b) (power for order to specify criteria for apportionment of overall target between electricity and gas sectors), before "electricity distributors" insert " electricity generators, " . (5) In subsection (4) (duty to consult before making order), before "electricity distributors" insert " electricity generators, " .