UoS-ECS-Rai/sustainability-policymaking huggingface dataset:
Even these figures are likely to be an understatement of the full climate impact of UK related transportation. As noted in section 5, while the scientific evidence remains complex, there are strong grounds for considering that the full climate impact of aviation emissions at high altitudes is greater than that attributable to carbon dioxide emissions alone. Additionally, as discussed in more detail in section 7, rough estimates of UK carbon emissions from international shipping based on the UK's share of global GDP or international trade would suggest figures around 3-4 MtC higher than those based on sales of marine fuels in the UK - reflecting the fact that the UK is not a major refuelling hub for international cargo ships. In summary, carbon emissions from transport represent a significant proportion of total UK carbon emissions which, depending upon the method of calculation, are between around a quarter and a third of total UK emissions. 2.6 2.7 2.8 Carbon emissions from transport are also rising - over the last decade transport has been the fastest growing source of carbon emissions, both in the UK and many other countries. This reflects the impact of increased personal mobility and a growing economy on the demand for goods and services. While forward projections, which are inevitably uncertain, suggest that carbon emissions from domestic transport may begin to plateau out in the following decades, if emissions from international aviation and shipping are included then the overall trend on a business as usual basis remains upwards. The Government has not set individual carbon reduction targets for different sectors of the economy - as we consider that emissions reduction efforts should be first focussed on the areas in which they are most cost effective. Nonetheless transport policies in the Government's existing climate change programme are expected to deliver around 6.8MtC of savings in 2010 compared to a business as usual scenario. The Stern Review suggested that in the short term many transport abatement policies may not be cost-effective, but that action is nevertheless required to contain emissions and to bring forward technologies which can deliver more cost-effective carbon reduction in the future. In the longer run, if lower carbon technologies can be effectively commercialised and their costs reduced, modelling analysis suggests that in a carbon constrained world by 2050 it may be cost effective for domestic transport to abate carbon emissions by around 40-60% relative to 1990 though
In 1990, the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption was just 18 per cent, after which it has grown steadily. The growth of the share of renewable energy of total energy consumption has been the overall trend during the 2010s. Renewable energy has replaced the use of fossil fuels. In 2020, the share of renewable energy continued to grow, being 44.6 per cent of total final energy consumption in 2020 (i.e. 39.3 per cent of total energy consumption). Finland significantly exceeded the national target of 38 per cent of total final energy consumption by 2020 set in the EU's Renewable Energy Directive. In 2010, an extensive national package of specific targets concerning different renewable energy sources was launched to achieve the target. The package promoted the use of forest chips and other wood-based energy in particular, alongside wind power, the use of transport bio-fuels, and increased utilisation of heat pumps. Since 2010, measures have been strengthened and adjusted when required.
This publication provides the final estimates of UK greenhouse gas emissions going back to 1990. Estimates are presented by source in February of each year and are updated in March of each year to include estimates by end-user and fuel type. When emissions are reported by source, emissions are attributed to the sector that emits them directly. When emissions are reported by end-user, emissions by source are reallocated in accordance with where the end-use activity occurred. This reallocation of emissions is based on a modelling process. For example, all the carbon dioxide produced by a power station is allocated to the power station when reporting on a source basis.
However, when applying the end-user method, these emissions are reallocated to the users of this electricity, such as domestic homes or large industrial users. BEIS does not estimate embedded emissions however the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs publishes estimates annually. The alternative approaches to reporting UK greenhouse gas emissions report outlines the differences between them. For the purposes of reporting, greenhouse gas emissions are allocated into a small number of broad, high level sectors as follows energy supply, business, transport, public, residential, agriculture, industrial processes, land use land use change and forestry LULUCF, and waste management. These high level sectors are made up of a number of more detailed sectors, which follow the definitions set out by the International Panel on Climate Change IPCC, and which are used in international reporting tables which are submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC every year. A list of corresponding Global Warming Potentials GWPs used and a record of base year emissions are published separately. This is a National Statistics publication and complies with the Code of Practice for Statistics. Data downloads in csv format are available from the UK Emissions Data Selector . Please check our frequently asked questions or email Climatechange.Statisticsbeis.gov.uk if you have any questions or comments about the information on this page.
Activities U.K. 3 (1) The regulations must identify the activities to which the trading scheme applies. U.K. (2) The regulations may identify the activities by reference to any, or any combination of, criteria and in particular- (a) may identify the activities by reference to the locations or locations at which they are carried on, or (b) may be expressed to apply to all activities of a particular kind carried on in the United Kingdom or a part of the United Kingdom. (3) The regulations must specify the units of measurement of the activities for the purposes of the scheme. (4) The regulations may specify units of measurement by reference to- (a) the activities themselves, (b) anything consumed or used for the purposes of the activities, (c) anything produced by the activities, or (d) any other consequence of the activities. (5) The regulations may, in particular, make provision- (a) for activities to be measured by reference to the amount (in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent) of the greenhouse gas emissions for which those activities are to be regarded as responsible; and (b) as to the method by which that amount is to be measured or calculated. (6) The regulations may make different provision in relation to different descriptions of activity to which the scheme applies.
The challenges imposed on society require concerted action between energy and climate policies and other government areas, with particular emphasis on the areas of industry and transport, as only then will it be possible to trace a feasible path towards an economy and a carbon-neutral society that is, at the same time, a promoter of economic growth and an improvement in the quality of life. In this context, hydrogen plays a central role, being simultaneously presented as an efficient option to promote, deepen and facilitate the energy transition and as an economic, industrial, scientific and technological opportunity for Europe. In 2016, Portugal assumed the objective of achieving Carbon Neutrality by 2050, having developed the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050 (RNC2050). This was presented at the end of 2018, in anticipation of the draft of the National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030 (PNEC 2030) - the main instrument of national energy and climate policy for the next decade, towards a carbon neutral future - presented in January 2019. The PNEC 2030 is essential to ensure the achievement of energy and climate goals in the next decade, being oriented towards the future and towards Portugal&#39;s long-term goals. In Europe and Portugal, 2019 was a year of intensification of the decarbonization commitment, but it was also the year of public discussion of the initial proposals of the PNECS, which were very much based on pure electrification, which deserved some pockets of resistance in the gas sector. and in any industry. The market has signaled the existence of a gap that can be efficiently filled by hydrogen production.
24 (1) A relevant national authority must in accordance with this paragraph review the operation of any provision made by the authority conferring power on an administrator to impose a civil sanction in relation to a breach of regulations under this Schedule. E+W+N.I. (2) The review must take place as soon as practicable after the end of the period of three years beginning with the day on which the provision comes into force. (3) The review must in particular consider whether the provision has implemented its objectives efficiently and effectively. (4) In conducting a review under this paragraph the relevant national authority must consult such persons as the authority considers appropriate. (5) The relevant national authority must publish the results of a review under this [ F1 section ] [ F1 paragraph ] . [ F2 (6) The relevant national authority must lay a copy of a review under this paragraph before- (a) Parliament (where the relevant national authority is the Secretary of State); (b) the National Assembly for Wales (where the relevant national authority is the Welsh Ministers); (c) the Northern Ireland Assembly (where the relevant national authority is the Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland) ] . 6 para. 24(5) substituted (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 8(2)(a) . 6 para. 24(6) omitted (N.I.) (28.4.2014) by virtue of (Northern Ireland) 2014 (c. 7) , s. 8(2)(b)
Total energy consumption in 2020 amounted to 1.28 million terajoules (TJ). The trends in the energy sector
driving greenhouse gas emissions are described in Section 2.6 of Finland's Eight National communication. In 2020, the energy sector's emissions were about 36 per cent below the 1990 level and half the emission
level in 2003, which was the year of the greatest emissions from the energy sector between 1990 and 2020. At the end of the 1990s, total energy consumption increased, but emissions changed very little. The reasons
for this were the increased use of wood fuels, nuclear energy, and net imports of electricity, which reduced
the condensing power production and thus emissions. Net imports of electricity declined at the beginning of
the 2000s, and energy sector emissions were at their peak in 2003. In 1990, the share of renewable energy in
total energy consumption was just 18 per cent, since when it has grown steadily. The share of renewable
energy sources from the final energy consumption grew to 44.6 per cent in 2020. In addition, the net import
of electricity has been at a high level since 2012 (Figures 2.7 and 2.8). The increased use of renewable ener-
gy sources compared to the situation in 1990 has increasingly replaced fossil fuels and is the main reason for
the decreased emissions despite the growth in energy consumption. The ban on the use of hard coal for energy production, which will enter into force in 2029, is already de-
creacing coal consumption For example the total consumption of coal which in addition to hard coal in
The automotive sector received a GBP 73.5 million investment for advanced technologies in cutting carbon emissions and safeguarding and estimated 14,000 jobs. The aim of the funding is also to increase the amount of low emission cars, commercial vehicles and components. Ten projects from across the UK were chosen to develop cutting-edge technology for electric vehicles, including recyclable batteries, advanced electrical systems and ultra-lightweight components: - LEVC – Electric Vehicle Evolution (Coventry): the London Electric Vehicle Company will develop a new EV technology specifically for its vehicles to deliver increased efficiency and higher performance capabilities - Constellium Ltd – ALIVE (Slough): this project will develop the manufacturing processes for light weight, crash-resistant battery enclosures. These will be used in ultra-low emission vehicles - Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd – TRIDENT (Huddersfield): this project will look to develop and manufacture a game-changing energy recovery platform that will deliver fuel consumption improvements - Ford Technologies Ltd – eSHADOW (Basildon): this project will determine the technical, financial and environmental challenges of using advanced, lightweight materials in vehicle manufacturing - Jaguar Land Rover – Hi-VIBES (Coventry): a consortium of academics and industry will create a new electronic system that will be easier to build, as well as being lighter and cheaper - Avid Technology Limited – REVO (Cramlington, near Newcastle): it will help deliver improvements in electric and hybrid vehicle efficiency - TEVVA – SANGREAL (Chelmsford): this project will bench-test an innovative design of axle for 7.5 to 14-tonne commercial vehicles.
It will improve safety through better impact robustness - Magnetic Systems Technology Ltd – Magtec (Sheffield): this project will be focused on utilising the most innovative manufacturing process and assembly methods for traction motors - BMW (Motorsport) Ltd – FutureBEV (Warwick & Newport): this project aims to deliver better powertrains that are more cost-efficient - Jaguar Land Rover – ZEUS (Coventry): JLR is developing a prototype hydrogen fuel cell vehicle with its partners. Hydrogen can play a role as a viable fuel in the future across the automotive industry alongside battery electric vehicles
Action Proposal 94 95 Focus Policy Assessment of the 2014- 2020 RDP to be carried out. Improve the transparency of CAP and RDP measures in the National Inventory that contribute to climate action with a view to better understanding the contribution of agriculture and land use abatement to Ireland's ESR targets. Lead DAFM DAFM Stakeholders Timeline Ongoing (due in 2017, 2019 and 2024) Ongoing DPER, D/ Finance, DCCAE Chapter 6 An Approach to Carbon Neutrality for Agriculture, Forest and Land Use Sectors 92 93 Continue to improve farm sustainability DAFM, Teagasc through GLAS and the Origin Green Programme. Bord Bia ESC ESC to continue to monitor and drive the implementation of the sustainability actions. DAFM Ongoing Ongoing
This Order concerns commecement and transitional provisions in relation with the Water Act, which brings about a reform of legislation concerning the water industry and management and conservation of water resources and related environmental matters in the United Kingdom. Transitional provisions concern: a water supply licensees and conformity with guidance issued by the Secretary of State or the Welsh Ministers to the Authority on social and environmental matters under section 2A(1) of the Water Industry Act to the Water Services Regulation Authority.
(a) Initially with regard to climate change and emissions, a much higher core objective for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by more than 42% compared to emissions in 1990 and more than 56% compared to emissions in 2005, thus exceeding even the core EU targets. It should be stressed that these objectives were much lower in the initial NECP draft, resulting in a reduction of 33% and 49% respectively. These new objectives for reducing GHG emissions are also a prerequisite for making possible the transition to a climate neutral economy by 2050, as the Greek government aims to participate on a pro rata basis in the commitment for a climate neutral economy at an EU level.
for further measures to reduce emissions that are under development or consideration. Monitoring Mechanism Regulation, Regulation No. 525/2013, and use two scenarios, With Existing an extensive list of mitigation measures already in place across the four sectors concerned, including
It is our pleasure to present the summary of the Energy Report of the Netherlands. This Energy Report, published in January 2016 by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, provides a long term and comprehensive vision of the energy system of the Netherlands. The Dutch cabinet is taking part in a global effort to develop a low CO energy economy that is safe, reliable and affordable. The society-wide Energy Agreement for Sustainable Growth that was concluded in September 2013 in The Netherlands with industries, non-governmental organisations and governments was a major first step. The Energy Agreement included targets for energy efficiency savings to 1.5% of our final energy consumption and for an increased share of renewable energy (14% by 2020 and 16% by 2023). This Energy Report focusses on the phase after the Energy Agreement, beyond 2023. Key issue is how to achieve a CO neutral energy supply system by 2050. In our energy policy, we will work on three main principles: 1) focus on CO reduction; 2) make the most of the economic opportunities that the energy transition offers and 3) integrate energy in spatial planning policy.
This Order amends the Renewables Obligation Closure Order 2014 by, among other things, providing with respect to renewables obligation certificates (“ROCs”) to be issued for “small solar pv stations” and accreditation of such stations. It also amends the Renewables Obligation Order 2015 by inserting provision in article 91 (registration of offshore wind turbines) to permit an application to the Authority for registration of offshore wind turbines to be made until 31st March 2018, where the offshore wind station is able to generate electricity falling within the circumstances set out in article 5, 6, 7 or 11 of the Closure Order.
32 U.K. [ F1 In Part 2 of Schedule 1A to the Race Relations Act 1976 (bodies and other persons subject to general statutory duty), at the appropriate place insert- " The Committee on Climate Change. " ] 1 para. 32 repealed (E.W.S.) (4.4.2011) by 2010 c. 15, Sch. 27 Pt. 1A (as inserted by The Equality Act 2010 (Public Authorities and Consequential and Supplementary Amendments) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/1060) , arts. 1(2) , 3(3)(a) , . 3)
quantitative assessment of effects of PaMs in the field of electricity generation from renewable
energy sources: while most EU Member States and by extension, most countries - own a
"double dividend" from the encouragement of electricity generation from renewable ("carbon
neutral") sources - by increasing the share of renewable energy in accordance with the RED
(Directive No 2009/28/EC) and, in addition, by lowering GHG emissions from electricity
generation - Luxembourg only benefits from the increase in the share of renewable energy. Electricity generated in Luxembourg from renewable sources does not substitute generation
from fossil fuels, as it is the case in most other Member States as it replaces electricity imports,
which are "carbon neutral" according to IPCC allocation rule of GHG emissions based on the
territorial principle. Therefore the promotion of electricity generation from renewable energy
sources or from CHP to replace electricity imports does not have an impact on the GHG
emissions, and are consequently not considered as measures in this report and are, de facto,
included in the baseline - or BAU - scenario.
The State Program of Measures to Mitigate the Consequences of Climate Change for 2013-2020 (hereinafter referred to as the State Program) was developed in pursuance of the obligations of the Republic of Belarus under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the Framework Convention) and the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (hereinafter referred to as the Kyoto Protocol), in the development of the National Program of Measures to Mitigate the Consequences of Climate Change for 2008-2012, approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated August 4, 2008 No. 1117 (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2008, No. 188, 5/28111), and taking into account the requirements of the Program of Socio-Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for 2011-2015, approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated April 11, 2011 No. 136 (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2011, No. 43, 1/12462), emission reduction target greenhouse gases in accordance with Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated May 7, 2012 No. 224 &quot;On negotiating a draft amendment to Annex B to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change&quot; (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2012., No. 53, 1/13497), other state programs providing for the greening of industrial production, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, expanding the use of renewable and local energy sources
Supporting the Transition across the Economy Delivering net zero will require a step change in the rate of new technologies being developed, deployed to market and adopted by businesses and consumers. The Innovation
5 U.K. In section 129 (imposition of civil penalties), for subsection (7) substitute- " (7) Sums received by the Administrator by virtue of this section- (a) where the Administrator is the Secretary of State, must be paid into the Consolidated Fund, and (b) otherwise, must be paid to the Secretary of State, who must pay them into the Consolidated Fund. " .
The quality of fuels used in transport is regulated by the Directive 2009/30/EC amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By the end of 2020, suppliers should gradually reduce life cycle greenhouse gas emissions by up to 10% per unit of energy from fuel and energy supplied, this reduction amounting to at least 6 % by the end of 2020 compared to the EU-average life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy from fossil fuels in 2010, obtained through the use of biofuels, alternative fuels and reductions in flaring and venting at production sites.