Case: Amar Krishna Ghose Vs. Life Insurance Corporation Of India &amp; Anr

2. These questions arise in the following circumstances :Prior to January 1, 1956 the appellant was employed as the Principal Officer of the Bengal Insurance and Real Property Co. Ltd. respondent 2 in this appeal. It was not disputed in the High Court that by Principal Officer the appellant meant that he was the Managing Director. His salary as such officer was Rs. 2630 per mensum which on and from January 1, 1956 was raised to Rs. 3000 per mensem. On January 19, 1956, respondent 2 issued in favour of the appellant four cheuqes for Rupees 5436.6.0 in all representing his salary for November and December 1955 and for certain other dues. On that very day, i.e., January 19, 1956, the Life Insurance (Emergency Provisions) Ordinance, 1956 came into force, under which January 19, 1956 was the appointed day. The management of the life insurance business carried on by all concerns including that of respondent 2 was taken over and became vested in Custodian appointed under the Ordinance. Cl. 3 (2) of the Ordinance provided that "any contract, whether express or implied, providing for the management of the controlled business of an insurer made before the appointed day between the insurer and any person in charge of the management of such business immediately before the appointed day shall be deemed to have terminated on the appointed day". The Ordinance was substituted by the Life Insurance (Emergency Provisions) Act, 9 of 1956 which came into force as from March 21, 1956. The said cheques, when presented for payment, were not honoured by the Bank on the ground that they were not signed by the custodian3. On June 18, 1956, Parliament passed The Life Insurance Corporation Act, 31 of 1956, which came into force as from July 1, 1956. A Notification, dated August 30, 1956, issued thereunder fixed September 1, 1956 as the appointed day, that is the date when the Corporation was established under Section 3 of the Act. Section 7 of the Act reads as follows :"7 (1) On the appointed day there shall be transferred to and vested in the Corporation all the assets and liabilities appertaining to the controlled business of all insurers(2) The assets appertaining to the controlled business of an insurer shall be deemed to include all rights and powers, and all property, whether movable or immovable, appertaining to his controlled business, including in particular, cash balances, reserve funds, investments, deposits and all other interests and rights in or arising out of such property as may be in the possession of the insurer-and liabilities shall be deemed to include all debts, liabilities and obligations of whatever kind then existing and appertaining to the controlled business of the insurer."Section 11 (1) of the Act provides that every whole-time employee of an insurer whose controlled business has been transferred to and vested in the Corporation and who was employed by the insurer wholly or mainly in connection with his controlled business immediately before the appointed day (i.e. September 1, 1956) shall on and from the appointed day become and employee of the Corporation and shall hold his office therein on the same terms and conditions as he was having on the appointed day, unless and until his employment in the Corporation is terminated by the Corporation. Sub-section (3) of Section 11 provides that if any question arises as to whether (a) any person was a whole-time employee of an insurer, or (b) as to whether any employee was employed wholly or mainly in connection with the controlled business of an insurer immediately before the appointed day (i.e. September 1, 1956) that question shall be referred to the Central Government, whose decision shall be final. Under S. 17, the Central Government has been empowered to constitute one or more tribunals. Section 48 empowers the Central Government to make rules and in particular among other subjects on the subject of jurisdiction of the tribunals constituted under S. 17, Rule 12A of the Life Insurance Corporation Rules, 1956 made under S. 48 read as under :"12A. Jurisdiction of TribunalThe Tribunal may exercise jurisdiction in the whole of India and shall have power to decide or determine all or any of the following matters, namely(1) any question whether of title or of liability, or of any nature whatsoever in relation to the assets and liabilities pertaining to the controlled business of the insurer transferred to and vested in the Corporation."It seems clear from Section 11 (3) of the Act and the said Rule 12A (1) that on a question whether a person was a whole-time employee of an insurer or whether any employee was employed wholly or mainly in connection with the controlled business of such insurer immediately before the appointed day, i.e., September 1, 1956, it is the Central Government which is the deciding authority and whose decision is final, and (2) that where a question, whether of title or of liability or of any nature whatsoever in relation to the assets and liabilities pertaining to the controlled business of the insurer transferred to and vested in the Corporation, arises, it is the tribunal which is the authority invested with the jurisdiction to determine such a question4. On January 20, 1959, the appellant filed a suit in the High Court claiming the following reliefs:(a) decree for Rs. 5436-6-0 as salary for November and December 1955;(b) declaration that the purported termination of his contract of service as the principal officer of respondent 2 and/or as an employee of the Corporation was void;(c) declaration that he was and continued to be the employee of the Corporation and for reinstatement :(d) a decree for Rs. 1,01,250 being his salary from January 1956 to December 1958 at the rate of Rs. 2812.8.0 per mensem;(e) in the alternative, for a decree for the said amount of Rs. 1,01,250 against respondent 2; and(f) for interest and costs5. The case of the Corporation was (1) that by reason of clause 3 (2) of Ordinance 1 of 1956 the employment of the appellant with respondent 2 stood terminated on January 19, 1956, and (2) that as a consequence of such termination, the appellant was not in the employment of respondent 2 wholly or mainly in connection with his controlled business immediately before the appointed day under the Act, i.e., September 1, 1956, and therefore, was not entitled to the benefit of S. 11 (1) thereof and could not, therefore, claim to have become an employee of the Corporation. Therefore, there was no question of his employment having to be or having been terminated by the Corporation at all, much less wrongfrully. Its case further was that so far as the first relief was concerned, since the claim for Rupees 5436.6.0 raised the question of liability pertaining to the controlled business of the respondent 2, the jurisdiction was exclusively with the tribunal as under S. 41 of the Act on civil Court has the jurisdiction to entertain and adjudicate upon a matter which the tribunal has been empowered to determine. That being so, it was the tribunal which had to decide whether (a) the appellants employment stood terminated on January 19, 1956 by virtue of cl. 3 (2) of Ordinance 1 of 1956, and (b) whether as a result of the vesting of the management of controlled business in the Custodian or the vesting of that business in the Corporation, the Corporation was liable to pay the arrears of his salary for November and December 1955 and certain other dues. So far as the claim for Rs. 1,01,250, on the footing that there was no such termination of the appellants service and consequently his having become and having continued to be the Corporations employee under S. 11 (1) of the Act, is concerned, the Corporations case was that that part of his case had to be determined by the Central Government as under S. 11 (3) it is that Government which has to decide whether the appellant was a whole-time employee of respondent 2 wholly or mainly in connection with that companys controlled business immediately before the appointed day, viz., September 1, 1956. That question depended upon the question whether his employment with respondent 2 stood terminated on January 19, 1956 under Cl. 3 (2) of the said Ordinance, for, if it did, no further question of his becoming or his having continued as the Corporations employee under S. 11 (1) of the Act could possibly arise6. A learned single Judge of the High Court, before whom the suit came up for hearing, held that the High Court had no jurisdiction to entertain or adjudicate the appellants claim against the Corporation and dismissed the appellants suit. In a Letters Patent appeal against that judgment and decree, a Division Bench of the High Court sustained the trial Courts finding that the High Court had no jurisdiction in the matter of the appellants claim for Rupees 5436.6.0 and that it was the tribunal which had that jurisdiction. But it did not uphold the trial Courts finding as regards the relief for the salary and declaration in respect of the period from September 1, 1956 to December 1958. The Division Bench held that "this part of the case, so far as the Life Insurance Corporation is concerned, will stand adjoured until the determination of the proceedings before the Tribunal mentioned above. This will be without prejudice to the rights of the defendants to raise the question of competency of the Court to decide any question which comes within the scope of S. 11 (3) of the said Act. So far as defendant No. 2 is concerned, it has been held that the Court has jurisdiction and we are not disturbing that part of the decree". What the Division Bench in effect decided was that it was the tribunal and not the High Court which had the jurisdiction to decide the question as to the Corporations liability to pay the said arrears of salary for November and December 1955 as that liability pertained to the controlled business of respondent 2. That question would involve the issue as to whether or not the appellants contract of service with respondent 2 stood terminated by virtue of cl. 3 (4) of the Ordinance. As regards his claim for salary for the period from September 1, 1956 to December 1958, the Division Bench left the question open until the tribunal decided the first part of the claim including the question arising under Cl. 3 (2) of the Ordinance. But it left the question, viz., whether the appellant became and continued to be the employee of the Corporation under S. 11 (1) of the Act, open and retained that part of the appellants suit with the High Court with liberty to the respondents to raise the question of the High Courts jurisdiction in that regard. That question would be whether under Section 11 (3) of Act it is for the Central Government to determine whether the appellant was the whole-time employee of respondent 2 immediately before the appointed day under the Act, viz., September 1, 1956.

Court's reasoning:
8. The reliefs prayed for by the appellant in his plaint pertained to two periods; (1) Rs. 5436.0.0 being the arrears of salary and other dues for the months of November and December 1955, and (2) Rs. one lac and odd being the salary from January 1, 1956 to December 1958. Under R. 12A, a question either of liability or of any nature whatsoever in relation to the assets or liabilities pertaining to the controlled business of the insurer transferred to and vested in the Corporation falls within the jurisdiction of the tribunal and cannot be entertained and adjudicated by a civil Court under S. 41 of the Act. In respect of the claim for arrears of salary for November and December 1955, the question really would be one of liability in regard to or pertaining to the controlled business of the insurer which became transferred to and vested in the Corporation. That question, therefore, fell fairly and squarely within the jurisdiction of the tribunal. The expression "controlled business of the insurer" in R. 12A means the life insurance business carried on by an insurer before its management became vested in a Custodian under the Ordinance and whose assets and liabilities became transferred to and vested in the Corporation under the Act. R. 12A clearly deals with questions arising out of and pertaining to such controlled business. Under R. 12A, jurisdiction to try questions in respect of the liability pertaining to such business has been vested in the tribunal. The question of the liability of the Corporation in regard to the arrears of salary for November and December 1955 clearly related to the controlled business then carried on by respondent 2. The Corporation was sought to be made liable to pay those arrears on the ground that that liability was transferred to and vested in the Corporation. Clearly R. 12A applied to such a question and the jurisdiction to try such a question was in the tribunal and not the High Court. Any question, therefore, as to the liability pertaining to the business which was the controlled business as defined by the Act would have to be tried by the tribunal9. As regards the second claim of the appellant, that claim involved the question as towhether his contract of service with respondent 2 stood terminated on January 19, 1956 by virtue of cl. 3 (2) of theOrdinance.If it did, he would not be a person who was employed by the insurer wholly or mainly in connection with his controlled business immediately before the appointed day (which is September 1, 1956 under the Act) as required by Section 11 (1) of the Act, and therefore, he could not claim to be one who became and continued to be an employee of the Corporation as envisaged by that sub-section. Under sub-sec. (3) of Section 11, the question whether an employee was employed wholly or mainly in connection with the controlled business of an insurer immediately before the appointed day under the Act (i.e., September 1, 1956) is determinable by the Central Government and not by a civil Court. That question, however, would depend upon the question whether the appellants contract of service stood terminated by reason of cl. 3 (2) of the Ordinance on September 1, 1956. Has the tribunal the exclusive jurisdiction to decide that question ?The High Court though so, and in our view rightly because R. 12A confers on the tribunal the jurisdiction to try "any question.......of any nature whatsoever in relation to.............liabilities pertaining to the controlled business of the insurer transferred to and vested in the Corporation". These are very wide words which would include the question whether the appellant as the principal officer of respondent 2 continued to be such officer after January 19, 1956 in relation to the controlled business which on and after January 19, 1956 was to be managed in terms of the Ordinance by a custodian appointed thereunder and whose assets and liabilities on the passing of the Act were transferred to and vested in the Corporation. The question whether his contract of employment as the principal officer of the business, defined as the controlled business both under the Ordinance and the Act, continued or not after January 19, 1956 would be a question in relation to the liability pertaining to such controlled business and was therefore within the scope of R. 12A. But the question as to whether he became an employee of the Corporation under S. 11 (1) on and from January 1, 1956, though dependent on the answer as to whether his contract stood terminated under cl. 3 (2) of the Ordinance, would not fall within R. 12A and was not therefore triable by the Tribunal. The High Court, therefore, was right in splitting the appellants claim into two, one triable by the tribunal and the other not, and retaining with it that part of the suit which did not fall within the scope of R. 12A with liberty to the parties to raise later on the question whether that part was triable by the Court or by the Central Government under S. 11 (3) of the Act.