Case: Commissioner of Income Tax, Madras Vs. M. K. K. R. Muthukaruppan Chettiar

1. Karuppan Chettiar his son Muthukaruppan and the latter s minor sons all together formed a Hindu undivided family which was assessed as such till the end of the assessment yearIn the course of assessment proceedings forthe family claimed on February 7, 1951 that the several businesses of the family had been partitioned between Karuppan Chettiar on the one hand and Muthukaruppan Chettiar and his sons forming a separate family on the other. Following up this claim the returns in response to the notice under Section 22 (2) of theAct, 1922 (hereinafter called the Act) issued to the family for the assessment years53 were made by Karuppan Chettiar in his individual capacity showing the income from the several sources that fell to his share. TheOfficer rejected the claim of partition and assessed the Hindu undivided family for the aforesaid three years treating Karuppan Chettiar s returns as the proper returns for the family. An appeal was made by the assessee to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner in which complete partition as required by Section 25A of the Act was accepted by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner by his order dated December 18, 1954. In keeping with this order he also cancelled the assessments of the family for the aforesaid years. In the course of his order he observed:"I therefore hold that there is no asset left in the hands of the H. U. F. which can be brought to tax and that the H. U. F. is no longer in existence. As such the present assessment requires to be annulled and the income considered in this assessment requires to be considered in the hands of the separating coparceners. I therefore annual these assessments."2. Meanwhile Muthukaruppan and his minor sons forming the family, the assessee in this case, filed returns for the Tamil years Virothi, Vikruthi and Kara as the previous year for assessment years53 as follows:Assessment Returns under Section Date of returnx Officer closed the assessments as no assessments by his notes in the order sheet dated June 18, 1953 reproduced below:"The assess is a member of the family of A. M. K. M. K. Karuppan Chettiar, assessed in F.I have held in the family file in my order for income tax yearthat there have been no division between father and son. This being the case, there is no source of income to be separately assessed in the assessee s hands. The return of income in this file relates to the alleged share of income consequent on partition. Since partition has not been accepted, this file has only to be clubbed with the father s file. If, for any reasons, it is ultimately held on appeal that a separate assessment should be made, it will be no doubt be possible to take action under provision of Section 34 as now amended. Since there is no separate income, the pending proceedings will be closed as N. A. and for54 the file will be removed and clubbed with the family filex Officer in giving effect to the aforesaid order of partition under Section25A of the Actand cancelling consequentially the family assessments, simultaneously issued notices under Section 34 on March 2, 1957 for the three assessment years53 to the assessee family after obtaining the previous approval of the Commissioner. In response to the notice the assessee submitted its returns on April 9, 1957 for the three assessment years under protest. On the basis of these returns theOfficer assessed the assessee by his order of the same date for all the three years, ignoring the protest. The assessee appealed to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner but the appeal was dismissed. The assessee took the matter in appeal to the Appellate Tribunal but was unsuccessful. The Appellate Tribunal stated a case to the High Court under Section 66 (1) of theAct on the following question of law:"Whether the aforesaid assessments for years53 are valid?"The High Court by its judgment dated September 16, 1964 recorded an answer in the affirmative. In the view of the High Court, the order passed by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the direction given by him lifted the bar of limitation prescribed by Section 34 (3) of the Act for making the assessment.

Court's reasoning:
3. It is not necessary to decidewhether the observations made by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner in his order declining to assessee the income of the Hindu undivided family operated to lift the bar of limitation as regards the assessment of income of the separated membersby the application of the principle of the judgments of this Court inOfficer v. Murlidhar Bhagwandas, 52 ITR 335   = (AIR 1965 SC 342  ) and N. Kt. Sivalingam Chettiar v. Commissioner of(1967) 66 ITR 586 (SC). In our opinion the orders passed by theauthorities and confirmed by the Tribunal suffer from a fundamental defect. As we have already stated, Karuppan Chettiar submitted returns of his income in his individual capacity for the years53 in response to the notice issued under Section 22 (2) of the Act. By his order dated June 18, 1953 theOfficer closed the assessments as no assessments and added that since there was no separate income, the pending proceedings would be closed as N. A. and for54 the file would be removed and clubbed with the family file F.Thereafter the assessee filed two sets of returns for the aforesaid three years, once on February 23, 1955 and again on March 30, 1956. These returns were submitted by the assessee in response to the notice issued on March 2, 1957.It is manifest that in these circumstances notice under Section 34 of the Act cannot be issued to Muthu Karuppan Chettiar and his minor sons unless the returns which had already been filed by that family were disposedthe present case we are of opinion that the order of theOfficer dated June 18, 1953 is not an order to terminate the proceedings and the result, therefore is that the original returns submitted by the assessee under Section 22 (2) and (3) have not been properly and legally proceeded with.In the case before us the order of theOfficer dated June 18, 1953 should be interpreted in the light of circumstances in which that order was passed. So interpreted it appears to us that theOfficer did not intend to conclude the proceedings before him. It follows, therefore, that there is no disposal of the voluntary returns made by the respondent for the assessment years3. It is manifest that the assessment proceedings under Section 34 (1) of the Act for the aforesaid three years are invalid.5. In the Estate of the late A. M. K. M. Karuppan Chettiar v. Commissioner of(1969) 72 ITR 403 (SC)it was held by this Court that notices under Section 34 could not be issued against Karuppan Chettiar in his individual capacity unless the returns which had been filed by him are also disposed of and the assessments made pursuant to the notice under Section 34 were therefore invalid for the three yearshe principle of this case governs the present case as the material facts are not different.