Case: RITU MAHESHWARI Vs. M/S. PROMOTIONAL CLUB

2. The brief facts of the case are that the appellant (hereafter referred to as Noida), published a scheme in 2010 (hereafter the old scheme) for allotment of industrial plots larger than 2000 sq. meters, in Phases II and III of the industrial area in Noida. The scheme was advertised. Application forms for registration of the available plots were available with a designated bank upon payment of Rs.5,000/. The indicative price for plots measuring up to 4000sq. mtr. in Phase II was Rs. 5550/- per sq. mtr. and in Phase III for Rs. 5750/- per sq mtr. Under the terms of the scheme as spelt out by the brochure, apart from individuals, partnership firms were also eligible to apply for allotment. The applicants were to submit a processing fee of Rs.20,000/- and registration money of Rs. 8 lakhs for Phase II plots and Rs. 10 lakhs for Phase III plots. Apart from these conditions, applicants had to furnish a project report, background detail of promoters, audited accounts and balance sheets and other relevant details. Allotment was to be made (per clause 2 (h) (i)) on the basis of interviews of registered applicants, by a screening committee, about the details of the project. The scheme was expressly open ended; therefore, under clause 2(i) in Appendix 1 to the scheme Noida could close it any time.3. It is the common case of the parties that the club applied to the Noida Authority for two plots. Apparently, Noida decided to terminate the scheme, based upon its assessment of the feasibility of the scheme, in its meeting on 05.07.2012. This decision was published and made known to all concerned including the club through the public domain on 12.07.2012. Thereafter, Noida sought to refund the amount deposited by the club to it.4. The club was aggrieved and approached the Allahabad High Court by filing the writ petition (Writ-C No.-56046 of 2013) contending that according to its information, Noida received 95 applications of which 65 were rejected and 15 allotments were made. The club urged that it fulfilled all requirements of the scheme and paid processing fee, registration amount, had lodged documents required to be furnished. Therefore, it claimed that its application deserved to be considered. It also contended that the club was an export house and operating from rented premises, sorely in need of a large facility and was unable to afford commercial rental spaces. It was urged that the Noida disregarded the terms and conditions of its scheme for allotment in that the non-consideration in respect of the plots under the scheme so far as the petitioner club was concerned was utterly arbitrary. The club claimed several directions including direction to cancel allotments already made and a mandatory direction to consider the petitioner clubs application for allotment.5. Noida had resisted the petition, arguing that once the scheme was discontinued, the club had no basis to claim allotment. It was also urged that the club was aware of the fact that the scheme could be discontinued at any time, a power which Noida had resorted to, validly. Therefore, it was urged that even if some plots were available, the writ petitioner could not lay claim for allotment of any of them.6. During the pendency of writ petition before the High Court, Noida, launched another scheme (Scheme Code : NOIDA/IP/2013-14/OES/01 – hereafter called the 2013 Scheme) the club applied under this scheme as well on 9th November, 2013. This matured into an allotment on 17.07.2014- when Noida allotted a plot of 4000 sq. mtr, (tentatively sized plot) @ Rs. 8060/- per sq. mtr. The total premium claimed by Noida was Rs. 3,46,58,000/-. The club had, by 01.12.2016 deposited Rs. 1,91,83,700/- towards this allotment; it sought by letter dated 04.09.2016 of change in the allotment to M/s. Maria Exim Pvt. Ltd. This request was followed up with the affidavit dated 27.12.2016. This subsequent allotment of a plot under the later scheme was however, not disclosed to the High Court, before which the complaint of arbitrary non-allotment under the old scheme was pending.7. The High Court by its first impugned judgment (Dated 31.07.2019 in Writ-C No. 56046 of 2013) was of the opinion that Noidas failure to call the clubs representative for interview, was not supported by any reason and that its candidature was never considered for allotment. In support of this conclusion the High Court reasoned that candidature or the applications which were registered and were complete in all manner could not have been ignored. In view of this reasoning, the Noida was directed to consider the petitioners two applications under the scheme by permitting the club to re-deposit the registration amount of Rs. 8 lakhs each in respect of its two applications with Noida within a period of one month and on deposit of such registration amount, the two applications (Application Nos. 284 and 285) were to revive. Noida was directed to consider those applications in accordance with law for the purposes of allotment of the un-allotted remaining plots in Phase – II and III. The High Court held in its judgment that Noida did not dispute that some plots remained unallotted in the scheme. According to the High Court, there were total of 12 such plots.8. Noida first filed an application for clarification contending that no plots were available under the old scheme and that 27 plots were available under the old scheme, under which 15 were initially allotted. Later all plots were allotted by the end of 2014 under the 2013 scheme. That application (Civil Misc. Modification/Clarification Application No. 17/ 2020) was dismissed on 01.10.2020. Noida therefore preferred a review proceeding. The High Court by its second impugned order dated 13.04.2021 rejected the Review Petition. The original impugned order dated 31.07.2019 and the rejection of the Review Petition by judgment and order dated 13.04.2021 are the subject matter of a common appeal arising from one Special Leave Petition (C. A. No. 3619-3620 of 2022).9. The club complained of non-compliance with the original judgment and initiated contempt proceedings. In the contempt proceedings, notice was issued and on 12.02.2020 the High Court recorded that the clubs application was deemed eligible and was taken on record. By order dated 12.02.2020 the High Court clarified that in case the main judgment was not complied in the letter and spirit the opposite party i.e. the Chief Executive Officer of Noida was to be present in Court. Accordingly, on the next date when the said official was present (i.e. on 24.08.2020) the Court noted that the writ petitioner was supplied a list of plots for exercising his option regarding two plots pursuant to the two applications filed by the petitioner and which were covered by the new scheme issued in January, 2020. Furthermore, the Court recorded that the new plots were allotted only in accordance with the new scheme and that two other applicants had been allotted those plots. The court therefore expressed its dissatisfaction and stated that third party rights was being sought to be created to complicate the issue to suit Noidas purposes. These two orders i.e. 12.02.2020 and 24.08.2020 as well as the subsequent order dated 28.08.2020 (which had partly corrected the earlier order of 24.08.2020) are the subject matter of the civil appeal arising out of another common Special Leave Petition (SLP (C) No. 12866-68 of 2020), by the Chief Executive Officer of Noida on its behalf.

Court's reasoning:
17. The clubs grievance was that its application was not considered – its representatives were not interviewed. Noida pointed out that it closed or terminated the scheme. In the writ proceeding, the club did not challenge the closure of the scheme; rather its case was that Noidas omission to consider its application for allotment was arbitrary. Once the club accepted the closure of the scheme and did not challenge it, there was no question of its agitating any right or grievance regarding non-consideration of its application. The club does not deny that there were other registrants, similarly circumstanced, who did not secure any allotment. They presumably were treated in the same manner as the club was. In the circumstance, the club could not without establishing any discrimination, merely on the strength of closure of the scheme, allege arbitrariness. It is well established that when a policy decision like the closure or termination of a benefit available to a class of persons, is not challenged, the consequence of such closure (which is the impact on the pendency of those wishing to be considered) cannot ordinarily be subject matter of a grievance. What the club had was a right to be considered for allotment of the plots its applied for, so long as the old scheme subsisted.18. In the opinion of this court, an applicant or registrant of a scheme has no right to insist that they should be provided allotment under a scheme. Much depends on the terms of the scheme. In Delhi Development Authority vs. Pushpendra Kumar Jain 1994 (Supp3) SCR 770 this court had enunciated the applicable principle as follows:8. Now coming to the other ground, we are unable to find any legal basis for holding that the respondent obtained a vested right to allotment on the drawl of lots. Since D.D.A. is a public authority and because the number of applicants are always more than the number of flats available, the system of drawing of lots is being resorted to with a view to identify the allottee. It is only a mode, a method, a process to identify the allottee, i.e., it is a process of selection. It is not allotment by itself. Mere identification or selection of the allottee does not clothe the person selected with a legal right to allotment at the price prevailing on the date of drawl of lots. The scheme evolved by the appellant does not say so either expressly or by necessary implication. On the contrary, Clause (14) thereof says that the estimated prices mentioned in the brochure are illustrative and are subject to revision/modification depending upon the exigencies of lay out, cost of construction etc.19. In the absence of any ambiguity- in the law, and the scheme, the writ petitioner club, in this courts opinion could not have insisted that after the closure of the old scheme (which went unchallenged by it), nevertheless, it had a right to allotment. In holding otherwise, and proceeding to direct Noida to consider the clubs applications the impugned judgment erred in law.20. The High Court had directed that the clubs applications should be considered in accordance with law. Noida proceeded to comply with that direction, and reinstate those applications- and, furthermore, consider them in accordance with the existing scheme. The High Court, in contempt proceedings, has taken exception to this course of action- in this courts opinion, in an entirely unnecessary and unwarranted manner. As held earlier, once the legality of closure of the old scheme was undisputed, there was no manner of right inhering with the club, to insist that its claim for any plot had to be considered. If at all, it ought to have applied under subsequent schemes, and waited like other applicants (of that scheme), Noidas interpretation of the High Courts judgment (to consider) in this context, was quite correct. Neither did Noida, in its announcement while closing the old scheme nor in any condition of the 2013 or later scheme, stipulate that old scheme applicants would be dealt with according to the terms of that (i.e. 2010) scheme. This meant that Noida had to consider the clubs applications, in accordance with terms of the prevailing scheme. It did so, and incurred – quite unjustifiably- the wrath of the High Court in contempt proceedings. There is authority for the proposition that when regulations or schemes, or policies change, applicants for their benefits have no inherent right to be considered under the old policy; rather the consideration has to be under the new regime, unless the latter contains an express stipulation to the contrary.21. In Usman Gani Khatri of Bombay v Cantonment Board 1992 (3) SCR 1   this court affirmed the decision of the High Court, which held that old rules could not be applied, and that new rules were applicable, for considering applications for sanction of buildings. It was held that:In any case, the High Court is right in taking the view that the building plan can only be sanctioned according to the building regulations prevailing at the time of sanctioning of such building plans. At present the statutory bye-laws published on 30.4.1988 are in force and the fresh building plans to be submitted by the petitioners, if any, shall now be governed by these bye-laws and not by any other bye-laws or schemes which are no longer in force now.If we consider a reverse case where building regulations are amended more favourably to the builders before sanctioning of building plans already submitted, the builders would certainly claim and get advantage of the regulations amended to their benefit.Likewise, in Howrah Municipal Corpn. & Ors. v Ganges Rope Co. Ltd. & Ors [2003] Supp (6) SCR 1212. a similar question arose for consideration. The municipal corporation was required to decide an application for sanction, in a time bound manner, by the court. The applicable rules changed. The corporation decided the application in the light of the amended rules. This court, negativing the applicants contention that it had a right to be considered under the old rules, held as follows:20. The provisions of the Act, therefore, contemplate an express sanction to be granted by the Corporation before any person can be allowed to construct or erect a building. Thus, in ordinary course, merely by submission of application for sanction for construction, no vested right is created in favour of any party by statutory operation of the provisions.In our considered opinion, by the order of the Court dated 23.12.1993 observing that the petitioner is not prevented from applying for further sanction of additional floors above fourth floor and the expectation expressed in the subsequent order of the Court dated 24.6.1994, from the Corporation to decide the pending application for sanction within four weeks, no vested right in favour of the respondent - company can be said to have been created to obtain sanction on the unamended rules, as they existed on the date of their second application.In the light of the above position in law, it is clear that the club could not have claimed that its application had to be dealt with in terms of the old scheme, which had ended in 2012. The direction of the High Court, could only have meant that the applications had to be revived, and dealt with the scheme prevailing as on the date of its consideration, i.e. after 31.07.2019. The interpretation placed by the High Court, that there were existing plots, which could have been dealt with under the old scheme is entirely misplaced. In such events, given that the legality of closure of the old scheme attained finality, there was no question of any land or plot being attached or belonging as it were to an old scheme. If any land or plot, or industrial unit were in fact left-over it was always up to the development authority or agency (here Noida) to determine how they are to be dealt with. The directions issued in contempt proceedings, which are subject matter of another appeal, are accordingly held erroneous.22. As noticed earlier, the club was allotted a plot, in 2014; it paid substantial amounts. The area of that plot is 4000 square metres. Now, while it is true that this fact could not have been disclosed to the High Court, when filing the writ petition (in 2013), the club, in this courts opinion, had an obligation to disclose it, during the pendency of writ proceedings. This fact was material, given that the jurisdiction invoked is equitable and discretionary. Furthermore, whether the grievance was justified and well founded, given that state agencies develop and allot such industrial units at prices which are reasonable, and that an applicant subsequently succeeded in securing a plot, are relevant facts, which a court should be appraised of. The failure by the club, to do so, in this courts opinion, disentitled it to any relief.