Case: M/S. M.R.F. Ltd Vs. Manohar Parrikar

In Civil Appeal Nos. 4220 of 2002, 4213 of 2002 and 4218 of 2002, the appellants have called in question the correctness of the judgment and order in Writ Petition No. 316 of 1998 dated 19/24.4.2001, passed by the High Court of Bombay Panaji Bench, at Goa in a Writ Petition brought in public interest by one Manohar Parrikar, a Member of Legislative Assembly, Goa (who later on became the Chief Minister of the State of Goa) questioning the legality, validity and propriety of two notifications issued by Government of Goa dated 15.5.1996 and 01.8.1996 in respect of grant of 25% rebate to Low Tension, High Tension and Extra High Tension Industrial consumers of electricity as a policy of the State Government.In Civil Appeal No. 4219 of 2002 (M/s M.R.F. Ltd. & Anr. Vs. State of Goa & Anr.), the appellant has called in question the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Bombay Panaji Bench, at Goa in Writ Petition No. 364 of 1999 dated 24.4.2001, partly allowing the writ petition filed by the appellant.In Civil Appeal No. 4214 of 2002 (Goa Glass Fibre Ltd. & Anr. Vs. The State of Goa & Anr.), the appellant has called in question the correctness or otherwise of the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Bombay Panaji Bench, at Goa in Writ Petition No. 254 of 1999 dated 25.4.2001 dismissing the writ petition filed by the appellant.In Civil Appeal No. 4217 of 2002 (Alcon Cement Company Limited & Anr. Vs. The State of Goa & Anr.), the appellant has called in question the correctness of the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Bombay Panaji Bench, at Goa in Writ Petition No. 277 of 1999 dated 24.4.2001 partly allowing the writ petition.In Civil Appeal No. 4218 of 2008 (Mauvin Godinho Vs. Manohar Parrikar & Ors.), the appellant has called in question the correctness of the judgment and order passed by the High Court of Bombay Panaji Bench, at Goa in Writ Petition No. 316 of 1998 dated 19/24.4.2001The material facts as pleaded by the Appellants in Civil Appeal Nos. 4220 of 2002, 4213 of 2002 and 4218 of 2002 are as under:1) The Government of Goa, in purported exercise powers conferred upon them by Section 23 of the Indian Electricity Act, 1910 (`Electricity Act for short) issued a Notification on 30.09.1991, granting rebate of 25% in Tariff in respect of the power supply to the Low Tension and High Tension Industrial Consumers/appellants who apply for availing High Tension or Low Tension Power Supply on or after the 1st of October, 1991 for bona fide industrial activities and certified by the Industries Department, Government of Goa as eligible for concessional tariffs for a period of five years from the date on which electricity supply is made available to such units.2) This Notification was issued by the State Government in the name of the Governor of the State as per the Rules of Authentication framed under Article 166(2) of the Constitution of India by following the procedure prescribed by the Business Rules framed under the Provisions of Article 166(3) of the Constitution of India after the State Cabinet had approved it. Though the said Notification was in subsistence, except one Industrial Unit, none applied to the State Government for the grant of benefit of the Notification for a long period or at least till 31.03.1995. On 31.03.1995, the said Notification was rescinded by the State Government in purported exercise of power conferred on it under Section 21 of the General Clauses Act read with Sections 23 & 51-A of the Electricity Act with effect from 01.04.1995, by issuing a Notification dated 31.03.1995 strictly in accordance with the Business Rules and Rules of Authentication pursuant to the decision taken by the State Cabinet.3) Though the Government rescinded the Notification dated 30.09.1991, number of industrial units approached the State Government and claimed benefit of 25% rebate in terms of Notification dated 30.09.1991 for the period between the date of supply of electricity and 31.03.1995. Some applications were rejected by the Chief Electrical Engineer of State of Goa, on the ground, that, they being in the category of Extra High Tension did not fall within the category of consumers covered by the Notification dated 30.09.1991. On 29.06.1995, a Calling Attention Notice in Legislative Assembly was also brought in by Mr. Manohar Parrikar, seeking clarification from the State Government as to whether these industrial units were entitled for the benefits flowing from the Notification dated 30.09.1991 upto 31.03.1995. The Power Minister gave a reply to the said Notice which is reproduced in the judgment under appeal. In sum and substance the Minister stated, that, the Government was committed to honour the concession granted by the Notification dated 30.09.1991 to the eligible industrial units who apply for High Tension and low tension power on or after 01.10.1991 till the date of withdrawal, i.e. 01.04.1995.4) The Under Secretary to Government of Goa, Department of Power issued a clarification dated 01.11.1995 to the Chief Electrical Engineer on the lines of the reply given by the Power Minister to the Calling Attention Motion and reiterated the same by a communication dated 12.12.1995. Later, as the Government being satisfied that there were certain difficulties in the matter of clearing cases of claim of rebate for the period upto 31.03.1995, issued certain clarifications. On 15.05.1996, however, the State Government issued another Notification in purported exercise of power conferred on it under Sections 23 & 51-A of the Electricity Act read with Section 21 of the General Clauses Act, to amend the Notification dated 30.09.1991 which had been rescinded as per Notification dated 31.03.1995. By the said Notification the Government substituted the words "High Tension or Low Tension power supply" by the words "High Tension/Extra High Tension or Low Tension power supply". The State Government further issued another Notification dated 01.08.1996 restoring the facility of giving 25% rebate to these three categories of Industrial consumers and made the said rebate available from 01.08.1996 to those who had either applied or availed the power supply as on that date.5) By an order dated 31.03.1998, issued by the Chief Electrical Engineer of State of Goa, the benefits of rebate granted by the State Government were withdrawn, as it appears that the State Government did a re-thinking over its power to grant such rebate on the Tariff. This action of the State Government led to a spate of litigations by the Industrial Units in the High Court of Bombay Panaji Bench, at Goa, wherein they contended that the benefits granted by the State Government as a policy decision could not be withdrawn by the order dated 31.03.1998, which was merely an administrative order and that they were entitled to the benefits granted by the Notification dated 01.03.1996, as long as the said Notification was not withdrawn by due process of law.6) During the pendency of these writ proceedings before the High Court, the State Cabinet after addressing itself to the issues raised by the industrial units in the writ proceedings, passed a resolution to withdraw the benefit of 25% rebate and accordingly issued a Notification dated 24.07.1998 and withdrew the rebate of 25% with effect from 01.08.1998. By an order dated 21.01.1999, the High Court disposed of the batch of writ petitions, inter alia holding that the Circular dated 31.03.1998 mentioned supra as invalid and inoperative and the Notification dated 24.07.1998 as legal, valid and operative, and that all petitioners therein were entitled to 25% rebate in power tariff for the periods as indicated in paragraph 56 of the said judgment etc.7) The judgment of the High Court was taken up in appeal by both parties to this Court and this Court by an order dated 13.02.2001 declined to interfere with the said order of the High Court and rejected both sets of appeals.8) Mr. Manohar Parrikar, the 1st respondent herein, in the meantime, had moved the High Court with a Misc. Civil Application No.637 of 1999, seeking withdrawal of his writ petition with liberty to challenge the legality or otherwise of the Notification after this Court decided the above mentioned civil appeals filed before it against the order of the High Court dated 21.01.1999. The High Court by its order dated 27.01.2000 rejected the said application. Mr. Manohar Parrikar had also moved the High Court to hear his petition along with earlier set of writ petitions disposed of by the High Court on 21.01.1999. Subsequently, the said prayer was also withdrawn.9) Before the High Court, the 1st respondent herein challenged the correctness of the Notifications dated 15.05.1996 and 01.08.1996, and sought to declare the same as null and void. He also challenged the guidelines framed in the letter dated 12.12.1995 and sought to declare the said circular was illegal and to quash it to the extent it goes beyond the scope of Notification of 1991. He also prayed for certain other reliefs, including initiation of recovery of rebates paid by the State Government to the beneficiaries.10) Though the petitioner had sought many reliefs in his writ petition, the High Court confined itself to the challenge made to the legality of the notifications dated 15.05.1996 and 01.08.1996. Before the High Court the 1st respondent herein contended as under:"That the two notifications were not issued in compliance with the requirements of Article 154 read with Article 166 of the Constitution of India and the Business Rules of the Government of Goa framed by the Governor thereunder.That retrospective benefit of rebate in tariff given by these two notifications was not bona fide and is illegal.That there was no Budgetary Provisions made for these benefits to be extended during the relevant financial years.That the Notifications in question were not issued as is contemplated by and under Articles 154 and 166 of the Constitution of India and that they were issued only at the instance of the Minister of Power at the relevant point of time and, hence, Notifications could not be termed as the decisions of the State Government.That the amendment brought by the Notification dated 01.08.1996 has overridden the very scope of the Notification dated 30.09.1991 which is impermissible in law.That the Notification dated 15.05.1996 could not have been issued when the Notification dated 30.09.1991 was already rescinded by Notification dated 31.03.1995 and no life could have been infused into the said notification when it did not exist.Addition to the said notification of Extra High Tension consumers with retrospective effect from 01.10.1991 was beyond the scope of the Notification dated 30.09.1991."11) The said writ petition was contested by the 2nd respondent, who was the power Minister at the relevant point of time. He mainly contended that there was no illegality in the said Notifications which have been issued by following the prescribed procedure in the normal course of business of the Government with a view to promote industrial growth of the State so as to generate more employment opportunities and, therefore, there was nothing improper or illegal about it. It was also contended by the 2nd respondent therein that even if the said notifications wereheld to becontrary to the provisions of Article 166 of the Constitution, the said Rules are only directory and failure to comply with them did not vitiate the Notifications and in any event, if it was realized by the State Government that these Notifications were issued contrary to the Provisions of Article 166 nothing prevented the State Government from withdrawing them and the fact that no such action was taken by the State Government for almost two years itself indicated that the State Government was satisfied with the legality of the Notifications. The respondent also raised a preliminary objection regarding the maintainability of the Writ Proceedings on the ground, that, once the Notifications impugned have been authenticated as per the Business Rules, they are immune from any challenge and there cannot be a situation where respondent No.1, who at the relevant point of time, was the Chief Minister of Goa, would be contesting against the action of the State Government. It was also contended that the petition lacked bona fides and was moved only to settle political scores and to gain political mileage. The fact that contradictory stands were taken by the State Government by filing two affidavits of the Chief Electrical Engineer itself showed that the State Government walked into the shoes of the 1st respondent herein and that the Government cannot support the challenge to the Notifications issued by it and even if the petition was pro bono when filed, it ceased to be so after the respondent No.1 herein took over as the Chief Minister of the State of Goa. The further contention advanced was that the High Court, having conclusively upheld the validity of these two notifications in its judgment dated 21.01.1999, cannot re-examine the same, more so, in view of confirmation of the said judgment by this Court in its Order dated 13.01.2001. The 2nd respondent therefore sought dismissal of the Writ Petition. A number of judgments were cited and relied upon by the 2nd respondent in support of his case before the High Court. The other parties including the interveners also supported the 2nd respondent therein, on the issue of maintainability and further addressed arguments based on the principles of res judicata and the concept of merger of the judgment of the High Court dated 21.01.1999 with the judgment of this Court dated 13.01.2001. On these premise the respondents sought dismissal of the Writ Petition. It appears from the pleadings before us, that, the High Court had permitted certain Companies including the M.R.F Ltd, to come on record as interveners and oppose the reliefs sought in the Writ Petition.12) The High Court by its judgment dated 19/24.04.2001 impugned herein allowed the writ petition in part by holding that the Notifications dated 15.05.1996 & 01.08.1996 could not be termed as Notifications issued by the State Government on account of Non Compliance of the Rules of Business framed under Article 166 (3) of the Constitution of India and therefore non-est and void-ab-initio and that the consequential actions based on these two notifications are null and void.13) Aggrieved by the said judgment of the High Court, the Appellant [M.R.F. Ltd.] and others are before us in Civil Appeal Nos. 4220 of 2002, 4213 of 2002 and 4218 of 2002.14) In Civil Appeal Nos. 4219 of 2002, 4214 of 2002 and 4217 of 2002, the appellants - M/s M.R.F. Limited, Goa Glass Fibre Limited and Alcon Cement Company Limited are questioning the correctness of judgment of the High Court in partly allowing the Writ Petition Nos. 364 of 1999 and 277 of 1999 and dismissing the Writ Petition No. 254 of 1999 respectively.15) The facts in Civil Appeal No. 4219 of 2002 are :- Appellant applied for power supply connection for setting up a factory in the State of Goa on 03.10.1991. On 02.09.1992, appellant was supplied electricity for the first time. Sometime in October 1996, the Executive Engineer had acknowledged that the appellant is entitled for 25% rebate as provided in the notification. The amount of rebate was computed at Rs.1,04,70,762 for the period from 02.09.1992 to 01.09.1996 and it was further stated that the amount of arrears be credited in 60 installments w.e.f. September, 1996 and each installment was of Rs. 1,74,513. The respondent had adjusted an amount of Rs. 53,78,594 as against the bills from September, 1996 to August, 1997 and further adjustment of Rs. 31,41,234 was also done subsequently thus leaving a balance of Rs. 73,29,528. The benefit of rebate was denied to the appellant for the remaining period on the basis of the notification dated 31.3.1998, whereby the extension of rebate in tariff was suspended. Pursuant to the judgment dated 21.1.1999, the appellant raised a fresh demand for rebate before the respondent no. 2 and as they failed to succeed, they approached the High Court for directions to seek implementation of the said judgment.16) The present appeal is filed against the High Courts order dated 24.04.2001 and the letter issued on 25.05.2001 by the Department of Power to the appellant herein asking for refund of the rebate of Rs. 1,11,35,738 in one installment on or before 15.6.2001 pursuant to the order dated 24.4.2001.17) The facts in Civil Appeal No.4214 of 2002 are :- The appellant - Goa Glass Fibre Ltd. - has set up a manufacturing plant at Colvale, Bardez Goa and it had applied for electric power connection on 18.7.1994. Pursuant to the agreement signed on 7.12.1995 between the appellant and the respondent no. 2, the appellants factory was given power supply for the first time on 16.3.1996. The appellant made a representation to respondent no. 2 on or about 3.7.1996 for the benefit of 25% rebate in tariff and another reminder was sent in that regard on 27.11.1996. The claim for rebate was made on the basis of the government notification dated 30.09.1991, 15.05.1996 and 01.08.1996. Pursuant to the Notification dated 01.08.1996, 25% rebate to this industry was granted w.e.f. February, 1997 along with the arrears of installment @ Rs. 1,24,520. Such rebate was adjusted in the monthly bill. This rebate was withdrawn by issuing a circular dated 31.3.1998. This circular was challenged in the High Court. The High Court in its judgment dated 21.01.1999, held the circular dated 31.3.1998 as invalid and inoperative. The appellant filed a Writ Petition No. 254 of 1999 in the High Court praying for the restoration of the 25% rebate.18) The facts in Civil Appeal No.4217 of 2002 are :- The Alcon Cement Company Limited applied for power supply on 17.9.1992 and entered into an agreement with the respondent no.2 for supply of power on 29.9.1993. The appellants factory at Surla in the State of Goa was given electricity supply for the first time on 1.3.1994. Sometime in October 1996, the Executive Engineer acknowledged the entitlement of 25% rebate and rebate in energy consumption was granted. The appellant was given adjustment of 13 installments quantified in sum of Rs. 2,90,342/- leaving a balance of 47 installments. In addition, the balance of subsidy for the months of March 1998 to July 1998 was worked out at the rate of Rs.4,24,671 thus making a total sum of Rs. 14,74,755. The benefit of rebate was denied to the appellant for the remaining period on the basis of the notification dated 31.3.1998, whereby the extension of rebate in tariff was suspended. Pursuant to the judgment dated 21.1.1999, the appellant raised a fresh demand for rebate before the respondent no. 2 and as they failed to succeed, they approached the High Court seeking directions to implement the said judgment.

Court's reasoning:
In our view, the principle of merger essentially refers to the merging of the orders passed by the superior courts withthat of theorders passed by a subordinate court. This Court in the case of Shankar Ramachandra Abhyankar Vs. Krishnaji Dattatreya Bapat (AIR 1970 SC 1 ) has laid down the condition as to when there can be a merger of the orders of the superior court withthat of theorders passed by the lower court. This Court stated, that, if any judgment pronounced by the superior court in the exercise of its appellate or revisional jurisdiction after issue of a notice and a full hearing in the presence of both the parties, then it would replace the judgment of the lower court. Thus, constituting the judgment of the superior court the only final judgment to be executed in accordance with law by the Court below. The merger is essentially of the operative part of the order and the principle of merger of the order of the subordinate Court with the order of the superior Court cannot be applied when there is no order made by the superior Court on merits and the controversy between the parties has not been looked into by the superiorissue of merger has no bearing in the facts and circumstances of the present petitions, since, the issue that was decided by the High Court in the earlier batch of Writ Petitions and the issue that was raised and considered in the subsequent public interest litigation is entirely different. Secondly, in our view, the principles of res judicata is also not attracted since the issue raised and considered in the subsequent public interest litigation had not been raised and considered in the earlier round of litigation. It would be worthwhile to recall the observations made by this Court in the case of Madhvi Amma Bhawani Amma and Ors. Vs. Kunjikutty Pillai Meenakshi Pillai and Ors. (2000) 6 SCC 301 , wherein the Court has observed that in order to apply general principle of res judicata, Court must find, whether an issue in a subsequent suit, was directly and substantially in issue in the earlier suit or proceedings, was it between the same parties, and was it decided by such Court. Thus, there should be an issue raised and decided, not merely a finding on any incidental question for reaching such a decision. So, if such issue is not raised and if on any other issue, if, incidentally any finding is recorded, it would not come within the periphery of principle of resis clear that a decision to be the decision of the Government must satisfy the requirements of the Business Rules framed by the State Government under the provisions of Article 166(3) of the Constitution of India. In the case on hand, as have been noticed by us and the High Court, the decisions leading to the notifications do not comply with the requirements of Business Rules framed by the Government of Goa under the provisions of Article 166(3) of the Constitution and the Notifications are the result of the decision taken by the Power Minister at his level. The decision of the individualcannot be treated asthe decision of the State Government and the Notifications issued as a result of the decision of the individual Minister which are in violation of the Business Rules are void ab initio and all actions consequent thereto are null andhave been advanced before us based on the principles of res judicata, Doctrine of Estoppel and the principles underlining the provisions of Order II Rule 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure that the High Court in earlier batch of writ petitions has gone into and given findings with regard to the Notifications dated 30.9.1991; 31.3.1995; 15.5.1996; 1.8.1996 and 24.7.1998 and the judgment of the High Court dated 21.1.1999 rendered therein had merged with the order of the Supreme Court dated 13.2.2001 and the Notifications questioned in the present round of litigation are Notifications dated 15.5.1996 and 1.8.1996 and the State at no point of time before any Court having raised the issue of these two Notifications being void ab initio for want of compliance with the provisions of the Business Rules framed under Article 166(3) of the Constitution of India, the High Court ought to have rejected the plea of the State Government that the Notifications were illegal or were in violation of the Rules of Business and dismissed the Writ Petition on the principles of res judicata, Doctrine of Estoppel and the principles embodied in Order II Rule 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It was urged that the State not having raised this at any point of time before any court should not be allowed to do so. We do not find any merit in these contentions. As noticed by us earlier in the judgment, the issue regarding the validity or legality of the Notifications dated 15.5.1996 and 1.8.1996 was never raised in the earlier batch of writ petitions before the High Court and the High Court never had an opportunity or occasion to look into, consider and pronounce upon the validity of the same with reference to the Business Rules framed under Article 166 (3) of the Constitution. These principles pressed into service by the appellants cannot operate against the State Government merely because the State did not agitate either before the High Court or this Court the legality or validity of these notification in the earlier round of litigation when it had an occasion to do so and the State Government cannot be deemed to have accepted the legality of the Notification and waived its objection or challenge thereto. The Doctrine of Estoppel therefore has no application at all more so, in view of the illegality the notifications dated 15.05.1996 and 01.08.1996 suffer from in view of their non-compliance with the provisions of the Business Rules. In our opinion the fact that the State Government did not raise these objections in the earlier batch of Writdoes not disentitle it to such a stand or prevents it from raising its objections based on legal provisions. This contention of the appellants requires to be turned down for yet another reason in that the 1st respondent herein was not a party to the earlier batch of Writ Petitions before the High Court or this Court. Therefore the principles of res judicata or for that matter even the Doctrine of Estoppel will not apply to or operate against him. Further the contention that the Notification dated 1.8.1996 did not create any additional financial liability on the State Government warranting approval by the Cabinet or the compliance of the Business Rules before it was brought into effect deserves to be rejected having regard to the figures placed on record which the High Court has noticed in its judgment. These figures of additional liability likely to be brought on the State by Notification dated 1.8.1996 falsify the statement of the appellants. Therefore the same deserves to be rejected.