Case: Bharat Petroleum Corpn. Ltd Vs. The Great Eastern Shipping Co. Ltd

The appellant - M/s. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited is a Government of India Undertaking, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas and is engaged in refining, distributing and selling of petroleum products all over the country. The respondent - M/s. Great Eastern Shipping Company Limited is engaged in the business of shipping and allied activities and owns a fleet of tanker vessels for charter, including the vessel known asn agreement, called thein legal parlance, was entered into between the appellant and the respondent on 6th May, 1997 for letting on hire vessels for a period of two years from 22nd September, 1996 to 30th June, 1997 and from 1st July, 1997 to 30th June, 1998, on the terms and conditions set out in the said agreement. However, before the Charter Party was to come to an end, on 29th June, 1998, the Indian Oil Corporation Limited (for shortacting as agent of the appellant, issued a fax to various ship owners, including the respondent herein, requesting them to extend the validity of the Charter Party Agreement dated 6th May, 1997 beyond 30th June, 1998 for a period of one month from 1st July, 1998 with option for two further extensions of 15 days each. The respondent agreed to the said proposal. Accordingly, on 29th June, 1998 an addendum was signed between the parties whereby the validity period of Charter Party was extended for one month with an option for two further extensions for a period of 15 days each. The terms and conditions; exceptions and exemptions contained in the Charter Party dated 6th May, 1997 remained unaltered. The parties are ad idem that the Charter Party dated 6th May, 1997 was extended till 31st August,appears that since Charter Party dated 6th May, 1997 was coming to an end on 31st August, 1998, the Oil Companies sought permission of the Oil Co-ordination Committee, a wing of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas for further extension of the Charter Party. However, the Oil Coordination Committee, by their fax message dated 26th August, 1998, declined the request of the Oil Companies, including the appellant, for further extension of Charter Party beyond 31st August, 1998. The said fax message was an internal communication between the Oil Coordination Committee and the Oilin September, 1998, the IOC for and on behalf of the Oil Industry, floated a fresh tender for carriage of petroleum products along the Indian coast on time charter basis for a period of one year commencing from 1st September, 1998 to 31st August, 1999, on the terms and conditions set out in the tender document. In response to the said tender, the respondent and other vessel owners submitted their bids. It seems that being aggrieved of the decision of the IOC to invite revised price bids after opening of the sealed tenders, one of the bidders filed a writ petition in the Bombay High Court, questioning the said decision. The appellant intervened in the said matter. The writ petition was disposed of vide order dated 20th August, 1999. While disapproving in principle, the action of the IOC in inviting fresh price bids after opening the bids, but without recording final opinion on the merits of the issues raised in writ petition, the Court disposed of the petition, inter alia, directing that (i) the charter hire rates should be fixed by the Tender Evaluation Committee and (ii) as the tender was for the period ending 31st August, 1999 and the writ petition was being decided on 20th August, 1999, the IOC will not be required to enter into a contract for the period from 1st September, 1998 to 31st August, 1999. It is not in dispute that the vessel, with which we are concerned, continued to be chartered by the appellant till 31st August,appears that pending finalization of a new charter party for the period commencing 1st September, 1998, certain meetings took place between the Oil Companies and the Ship Owners, including the respondent herein. On 12th October, 1998, the respondent informed the IOC that if all its nine vessels, mentioned in the letter, are used at a fair and reasonable rate for one year, from 1st September, 1998 to 31st August, 1999 for which the tender had been floated, they were agreeable to apply the new agreed rates for use of the said nine vessels from 1st July, 1998. On 31st October, 1998 the IOC faxed to the respondent relevant portion of the message received by them from Oil Co-ordination Committee, extending the period of usage of the existing coastal tanker fleet for the month of October, 1998, at 80% charter hire rates, prevailing till 30th June, 1998, on provisional basis, subject to adjustment of provisional charter hire with retrospective date from 1st September, 1998 against the revised charter hire, to be finalised by the Oil Industry in response to the tender floated by IOC on 1st September, 1998.consent was asked for. The respondent responded immediately vide their letter dated 5th November, 1998, agreeing in principle that revised charter hire rates, as and when finalized in response to tender floated by the IOC on 1st September, 1998, would be applicable to the vessels which are selected under the tender, retrospectively from 1st September, 1998. It was pointed out that the vessels which are not chartered under the tender floated would be at a disadvantage. It was clearly stated that since the tender was not finalized, the owners will be guided by the existing terms and conditions. Some other objections, not relevant at this stage, were also indicated. As such, all said and done, Oil Co-ordinationproposal was not accepted. Nevertheless, some suggestions to resolve the controversy werethe proposal by the Oil Co-ordination Committee was not accepted by the respondent. In the alternative, it was suggested by the respondent that the charter period be extended by six months on the existing terms and conditions at a mutually discussed time charter rate. Admittedly, the vessels continued to be chartered by the appellant beyond the date of thisfor almost two months, there was no communication between the parties. It was only on 31st December, 1998 when the IOC issued a fax to the respondent, enclosing draft letter regarding charter party agreement to be signed between the charterers and owners (with minor modification, if necessary), requesting the respondent to sign as per proposal by the 4th January, 1999, on which date the respondent expressed its disinclination, stating in reply fax that as per usual practice, pending finalization of new charter, the existing terms and conditions of the charter party continue to apply. Finally, it was suggestedtherefore, suggest that we sign an agreement with you for the period from 1st September, 1998 until the matter is finally decided by you under the tender on the existing terms and conditions with the charter hire being provisionally paid on an ad hoc basis at 90% of the rate which was prevailing under the existing Charter Party. Kindly confirm in order to draw up a suitable agreemente letter of even date, i.e. 4th January, 1999, the appellant suggested to the respondent that in the absence of a formal charter party with effect from 1st September, 1998, a provisional arrangement for a period of four months effective from 1st September, 1998 with an option for extension of one month may be mutually agreed to by payment at the rate of 80% on charter hire prevailing on 30th June, 1998, as ad hoc hire. The respondent was asked to convey their acceptance to the said suggestion. It appears that the respondent did not respond to the said suggestion by the appellant but all the same its vessel continued to be on charter with thewrit petition was ultimately disposed of on 20th August, 1999. It was only after a gap of about seven months that on 15th March, 2000, the IOC informed the respondent about the evaluation of the tenders in terms of the order passed by the High Court. Charter hire rate worked out by the Committee for vesselor the period from 1st September, 1998 to 31st August, 1999 was communicated to the respondent. In response, the respondent, while expressing their disappointment with the rate but purportedly, in view of their long business relations with the appellant conveyed their acceptance of the proposed rate in respect of each of thenamed in separate letters, all dated 1st May, 2000, with the expectation that their outstanding balance of the hire shall be paid to them at the earliest. However, the respondent did not convey their acceptance of the charter hire rates for two vessels, viz.. It appears that the respondent wrote various letters to the appellant for upward revision of the rate in respect of these two vessels but seemingly their request was ultimately turned down on 2nd November, 2000, on receipt of which, the respondent slammed a legal notice dated 6th November, 2000, on the appellant, inter alia, requesting them to revise the rates on the basis of mutual discussions and settle the accounts. Having failed to receive any reply to the said notice, by another legal notice dated 1st December, 2000, the respondent called upon the appellant to pay balance amount of Rs.43,947,517/- to them as charter hire in respect of vesselor the period from 1st September, 1998 to 31st August, 1999 within 15 days from date of receipt of the said notice or treat it as an arbitration notice. The name of the arbitrator was also communicated to the appellant. It seems that pursuant to the said notice and some subsequent correspondence exchanged between the parties, an Arbitral Tribunal wasand counter claims were filed before the Arbitral Tribunal. On the basis of the pleadings of the parties, the Arbitral Tribunal framed as many as eight issues. However, arguments were heard only on the following threeNo.1:- Whether theArbitral Tribunal has no jurisdiction to adjudicate upon the dispute between the Claimant and the Respondent for the period September, 1998 to August, 1999 in respect of the vessel Jag Praja for the reasons stated in para 1 of the written statement?Issue No.2:- Whether there is any common practice that if the vessel is not re-delivered at the end of the period mentioned in the time charter the vessel would be governed by the charter party under which originally it was chartered?Issue No.5:- Whether the time charter party dated 6th May, 1997 came to an end by efflux of time on 30th August,order dated 12th May, 2003 the Arbitral Tribunal came to the conclusion that the appellant having invoked the arbitration clause contained in charter party agreement dated 6th May, 1997, which was valid upto 31st August, 1998 and as the dispute between the parties related to the period subsequent to 31st August, 1998, they had no jurisdiction to decide the Reference. The learned Tribunal found issue No.2 in the negative and issue No.5 in the affirmative. According to the Tribunal on and after 1st September, 1998, charter party agreement dated 6th May, 1997 was superseded by a fresh agreement and a term of the agreement was that the charter hire rate would be determined by the Oil Co-ordination Committee of the IOC. In nutshell, the Tribunal was of the view that with the performance, original charter party dated 6th May, 1997 gotrespondent challenged the said Award before the High Court. By the impugned order, the learned Single Judge has set aside the said Award, inter alia, holding that Arbitral Tribunal has the jurisdiction to adjudicate the disputes between the parties as the vessel continued to be hired by the appellant for the period subsequent to 31st August, 1998 on the same terms and conditions, as were contained in the charter party dated 6th May, 1997, only subject to the revision or modification of the rate of hire to be determined by the Oil Co-ordination Committee. The learned Judge also felt that the Tribunal had erred in totally excluding from its consideration clauses 23 and 4.1 of the charter party dated 6th May, 1997, whereunder the charter party was to come to an end on re-delivery of the vessel. Admittedly, after 31st August, 1998, re-delivery of vessel did not take place and, therefore, in terms of clause 23, the vessel continued to be hired on the same terms and conditions except the term as to the hire charges, on which there was disagreement between the parties. It was thus, held that the charter party dated 6th May, 1997 did not come to an end by efflux of time and it was extended by the parties on the same terms and conditions except the rate of hire. Correctness of this order of the High Court is questioned in this appeal.

Court's reasoning:
We are, therefore, of the opinion that though performance of the Charter Party agreement dated 6th May, 1997 may have come to an end on 31st August, 1998 but it was still in existence for some purposes, viz. the effect ofnon re-delivery as per the prescribed mechanism and its continued use beyond the stipulated time and, thus, the arbitration clause in the said Charter Party operated in respect of these and other allied purposes. Therefore, the factual scenario in the instant case leads to an inescapable conclusion that notwithstanding the expiry of the period fixed in the time charter party dated 6th May, 1997, the said charter party did not get extinguished, inter alia, for the purpose of determination of the disputes arising thereunder and the arbitration clause contained therein could be invoked by the respondent.In view of the foregoing discussion, we do not find any infirmity in the view taken by the High Court that Charter Party dated 6th May, 1997 had not come to an end by efflux of time and it got extended by the conduct of the parties, warranting interference.