Case: Capt.M.Paul Anthony Vs. Bharat Gold Mines Ltd

3. Bharat Gold Mines Ltd. (Respondent No. 1) is a Govt. undertaking at Kolar Gold Fields in Karnataka, where the appellant was appointed as a Security Officer on 31.10.1983. On 2nd of June, 1985, a raid was conducted by the Superintendent of Police at the house of the appellant from where a mining sponge gold ball weighing 4.5 grams and 1276 grams of `gold bearing sand were recovered. Thereafter, on the same day, a First Information Report was lodged at the Police Station and a criminal case was registered against the appellant, who was placed under suspension on 3.6.1985. The next day, namely, on 4th of June, 1985, a charge-sheet was issued proposing a regular departmental inquiry with regard to the recovery of the above articles from his house. On 11th of June, 1985, the appellant made a representation to the Disciplinary Authority denying the allegations made against him in the charge sheet and pleaded that the entire episode was a concoction. He prayed that the departmental proceedings initiated against him may be dropped or may, in the alternative, be postponed till the conclusion of the criminal proceedings against him on the basis of the First Information Report lodged against him at the Police Station on 2.6.1985. The representation was rejected on 19.6.1985 and the appellant was informed that the disciplinary proceedings would be held against him on 1.7.1985. Â?3=Â?3 In the meantime, the appellant filed Writ Petition No. 10842 of 1985 in the Karnataka High Court for a direction to restrain the respondents from proceeding with the disciplinary inquiry till the conclusion of the criminal case as the appellants defence was likely to be prejudiced. This Writ Petition was disposed of by the High Court on 19.8.1985 and a direction was issued to the respondents to consider and dispose of the appellants appeal filed against the order of suspension but liberty was given to the respondents to defer the disciplinary proceedings if it was found expedient so to do. The respondents did not defer the departmental proceedings and continued the proceedings which the appellant could not attend on account of his ill-health and financial difficulties which compelled him to shift to his home-town in Kerala. The respondents were informed by a number of letters supported by medical certificates about his illness with a request for staying the departmental proceedings and await the result of the criminal case. But the Inquiry Officer rejected the request and recorded his findings on 10.5.1986 holding the appellant guilty. These findings were accepted by the Disciplinary Authority and by order dated 7th June, 1986, the appellant was dismissed from service.5. On 3rd of February, 1987, judgment in the criminal case was pronounced and the appellant was acquitted with the categorical findings that the prosecution had failed to establish its case. This judgment was communicated by the appellant to the respondents on 12.2.1987 with a request that he may be reinstated, but respondents, by their letter dated 3.3.1987, rejected the request on the ground that the appellant had already been dismissed from service on the completion of the departmental inquiry which was conducted independently of the criminal case and, therefore, the judgment passed by the Magistrate was of no consequence.6. The order of dismissal passed by the respondents was challenged in a departmental appeal which was rejected by the Appellate Authority on 22.7.1987.7. It was, at this stage, that the appellant approached the High Court through a Writ Petition under Article 226 of the Constitution challenging the validity of the order of dismissal on various grounds, including that the departmental proceedings based on the same set of facts on which the criminal case was launched against him, ought to have been stayed awaiting the result of the criminal case. It was also pointed out that since the appellant had already been acquitted and the prosecution case against the appellant based on the "raid and recovery" which also constituted the basis of the departmental proceedings, had not been found to be true, he was entitled to be reinstated in service.The Writ Petition was allowed by a Single Judge of the High Court on 26.9.1995 with the finding that the departmental proceedings and the criminal case being based on the same set of facts, departmental proceedings should have been stayed till the result of the criminal case and since in the criminal case the appellant had already been acquitted and the prosecution case was not found established, the respondents could not legally refuse reinstatement or the consequent back-wages to the appellant. While directing reinstatement of the appellant, the High Court gave liberty to respondents to initiate fresh proceedings against the appellant after perusing the judgment passed in the criminal case.8. This judgment was, however, set aside by the Division Bench on 17th September, 1997 in a letters patent appeal filed by the respondents. It is this judgment which is under appeal before us.

Court's reasoning:
21. The conclusions which are deducible from various decisions of this Court referred to above areDepartmental proceedings and proceedings in a criminal case can proceed simultaneously as there is no bar in their being conducted simultaneously, though separately.(ii) If the departmental proceedings and the criminal case are based on identical and similar set of facts and the charge in the criminal case against the delinquent employee is of a grave nature which involves complicated questions of law and fact, it would be desirable to stay the departmental proceedings till the conclusion of the criminal case.(iii) Whether the nature of a charge in a criminal case is grave and whether complicated questions of fact and law are involved in that case, will depend upon the nature of offence, the nature of the case launched against the employee on the basis of evidence and material collected against him during investigation or as reflected in the charge sheet.(iv) The factors mentioned at (ii) and (iii) above cannot be considered in isolation to stay the Departmental proceedings but due regard has to be given to the fact that the departmental proceedings cannot be unduly delayed.(v) If the criminal case does not proceed or its disposal is being unduly delayed, the departmental proceedings, even if they were stayed on account of the pendency of the criminal case, can be resumed and proceeded with so as to conclude them at an early date, so that if the employee is found not guilty his honour may be vindicated and in case he is found guilty, administration may get rid of him at the earliest.In the instant case, the Superintendent of Police had raised the residential premises of the appellant and had recovered a mining sponge gold ball weighing 4.5 grams and 1276 grams of `gold bearing sand. It was on this basis that criminal case was launched against him. On the same set of facts, constituting the raid and recovery, departmental proceedings were initiated against the appellant as the "recovery" was treated to be a `misconduct. On the service of the charge sheet, the appellant raised an objection that the departmental proceedings may be stayed as the basis of these proceedings was the raid conducted at his residence on which basis a criminal case had already been launched against him. He requested that the decision of the criminal case may be awaited, but his request was turned down. The request made a second time for that purpose also met the same fate. When the appellant approached the High Court, liberty was given to the respondents to stay the departmental proceedings if they considered it appropriate but they were directed to dispose of the appellants appeal against the order by which he was placed under suspension. The order of the High Court had no effect on the respondents and they decided to continue with the departmental proceedings which could not be attended by the appellant as he informed the Inquiry Officer that he was ill. His request for adjournment of the departmental proceedings on that ground was not acceded to and the proceedings continued ex parte against him. He was ultimately found guilty of the charges and was dismissed fromit is not disputed that the Subsistence Allowance was not paid to the appellant during the pendency of the departmental proceedings, we have to take strong notice of it, particularly as it is not suggested by the respondents that the appellant had any other source of income.30. Since in the instant case the appellant was not provided any Subsistence Allowance during the period of suspension and the adjournment prayed for by him on account of his illness, duly supported by medical certificates, was refused resulting in ex parte proceedings against him, we are of the opinion that the appellant has been punished in total violation of the principles of natural justice and he was literally not afforded any opportunity of hearing. Moreover, as pleaded by the appellant before the High Court as also before us that on account of his penury occasioned by non-payment of Subsistence Allowance, he could not undertake a journey to attend the disciplinary proceedings, the findings recorded by the Inquiry Officer at such proceedings, which held ex parte, stand vitiated.31. There is yet another reason for discarding the whole of the case of the respondents. As pointed out earlier, the criminal case as also the departmental proceedings were based on identical set of facts, namely, `the raid conducted at the appellants residence and recovery of incriminating articles therefrom. The findings recorded by the Inquiry Officer, a copy of which has been placed before us, indicate that the charges framed against the appellant were sought to be proved by Police Officers and Panch witnesses, who had raided the house of the appellant and had effected recovery. They were the only witnesses examined by the Inquiry Officer and the Inquiry Officer, relying upon their statements, came to the conclusion that the charges were established against the appellant. The same witnesses were examined in the criminal case but the court, on a consideration of the entire evidence, came to the conclusion that no search was conducted nor was any recovery made from the residence of the appellant. The whole case of the prosecution was thrown out and the appellant was acquitted. In this situation, therefore, where the appellant is acquitted by a judicial pronouncement with the finding that the "raid and recovery" at the residence of the appellant were not proved, it would be unjust, unfair and rather oppressive to allow the findings recorded at the ex parte departmental proceedings, to stand.32. Since the facts and the evidence in both the proceedings, namely, the departmental proceedings and the criminal case were the same without there being any iota of difference, the distinction, which is usually drawn as between the departmental proceedings and the criminal case on the basis of approach and burden of proof, would not be applicable to the instant case.