Case: Commissioner of Income Tax, Bangalore Vs. K. Y. Pilliah and Sons

1. In their return of income for the assessment yearthe respondents, Messrs. K. Y. Pilliah & Sons, declared Rs. 18, 679 as their income from business. TheOfficer discovered that in the business of purchasing and selling cloth carried on by the assessees the gross profits from the turnover disclosed by them worked out at 3.8 % while in the case of other merchants carrying on similar business in the same locality it worked out at 6 to 7%, that the relevant vouchers for purchases by the assessees of goods were not produced, and that in respect of those transactions, besides the entries in the books of account, there was no evidence of actual payment of credit purchases. TheOfficer was, therefore, of the view that the " purchases remained unproved ". Thereafter, he made detailed enquiries and found that the assessees had been selling cloth in the name of Bhuvaneswariah, son of K. Y. Pilliah, principal partner of the assessees, and in the name of Veerabhadrappa, their accountant. These sales were also not entered in the books of account. The explanation of the assessees that these were " accommodation sales to oblige weavers ", in respect of which the assessees made no profit, was rejected. It was found that the assessees had effected sales in the accounting period of the value of Rs. 73,in the name of Bhuvaneswariah and of the value of Rs. 31,in the name of Veerabhadrappa. It also appeared that there were sales to Messrs. Hameedia Cloth Stores and T. Venkataram of Trivandrum, but the exact magnitude of those transactions could not be ascertained TheOfficer rejected the claim of the assessees that their net turnover for the year was Rs. 9, 42,and estimated the turnover at Rs. 12 lakhs and estimated their gross profit at 6.5% on the estimated turnoverIn the books of account of the assessees in the relevant account year, there were two credit entries in November and December, 1950, totalling Rs. 7, 000 in the name of one Sampangappa. Sampangappa was examined by theOfficer. He admitted that he was not in a position to advance any amount at the relevant time. TheOfficer treated Rs. 7, 000 as the assessees income from undisclosed sources2. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner confirmed the order of theOfficer. In appeal to theAppellate Tribunal the assessees submitted that, if at all, Rs. 1, 05,being the aggregate of the amounts for which transactions of the assessees in the names of Bhuvaneswariah and Veerabhadrappa were proved could be added to the turnover returned by them, and that there was no warrant for estimating the total, turnover at Rs. 12 lakhs. It was also contended that the cash credit entry of Rs. 7, 000 should have been held attributable to the " secreted profits " in the transactions which were not entered in the books of account. In rejecting that plea, the Tribunal observed that the assessees were " in the habit of suppressing not only sales but the corresponding purchases as well, so that the full extent of the business is not made known to theauthorities. It was stated before theOfficer that certain sales did not pass through the books of account because the assessee wanted to save sales tax. Before the Appellate Tribunal the assessee did not persist in his contention that the sales were not suppressed. The only contention raised by the assessee was that the estimated turnover made was excessive. Since theauthorities have been able to establish suppression of sales of over a lakh of rupees, in the view of the Tribunal it would be impossible to interfere with the estimate of Rs. 12 lakhs being the turnover of the assessee ". The Tribunal accordingly rejected the contention of the assessees about the rate of gross profit estimated by theOfficer and also rejected the contention that the entry of Rs. 7, 000 in the assessees books represented " secreted profits " which were already brought to taxrima facie, these were findings on questions of fact, and no question of law arose out of the order of the Tribunal. But the High Court of Mysore called for a statement of the case under section 66(2) of the IndianAct on the following two questions:" (1) Whether the estimate of the income of the assessee confirmed by theAppellate Tribunal rests upon irrelevant considerations and the estimate is not made in accordance with law ?(2) Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, theAppellate Tribunal was justified in sustaining both the additions of Rs. 41, 142 as income from business and Rs. 7, 000 as cash credits, and whether such addition does not result in double taxation ? "3. The High Court at the hearing of the reference was of the view that " the Appellate Tribunal was strongly influenced by the fact that the assessees were in the habit of suppressing not only the sales but the corresponding purchases as well " and also " by the admission made before theOfficer that certain sales had not passed through the books of account with a view to saving sales tax. These, in the view of the High Court, were " irrelevant considerations and since the decision of the Tribunal was based " on those irrelevant considerations, the answer on the first question must be in favour of the assessees." Similarly, in dealing with the amount of Rs. 7, 000, which was treated as income from undisclosed sources, the High Court held that " the Tribunal had not applied its mind to the facts and had recorded its conclusion merely affirming the decision of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner ". On that view, the second question was also decided in favour of the assessees. The Commissioner ofhas appealed to this court with special leaveThe true income, profits and gains of the assessees could obviously not be deduced from the books of account of the assessees. That was conceded by the assessees. The assessees had carried on transactions in the name of the son of the principal partner, and also in the name of the accountant of the business, and those transactions, besides other transactions, were never entered in the books of account. TheOfficer, therefore, was of the view that computation of taxable income could not be based on the books of account of the assessees. The assessees had disclosed a turnover of Rs. 9, 42,and a gross profit of Rs. 38,These figures were in the view of theOfficer unreliable : the first, because it did not include sales which were " kept out of the accounts ", and the second, because in the light of profits disclosed by other dealers in the same business, it was wholly inadequate. He, therefore, estimated the turnover at Rs. 12 lakhs and the rate of gross profits on the turnover at 6.5%. Transactions of an amount exceeding Rs. 1 lakh were admitted by the assessees as " kept out of the accounts ". This admission was apparently made, because there was clear evidence before theOfficer that those transactions were excluded from the admitted turnover. There were, besides those transactions, other transactions with Messrs. Hameedia Stores and T. Venkataram of which the extent could not be ascertained

Court's reasoning:
4. On the facts disclosed, theOfficer could exercise the power to estimate the turnover. The power must of course be exercised not arbitrarily, but judicially in the light of relevant materials. It is, however, not even suggested that theOfficer acted arbitrarily or capriciously in exercising his power to estimate the undisclosed turnover. The estimate made by theOfficer was affirmed by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal. There is no reason to believe that the estimate made by theOfficer was not reasonably madeTheOfficer computed the profits from the business at a flat rate. The gross profits disclosed by the assessees yielded a rate of 3.8%. It appeared, however, that the normal rate of gross profits in similar business carried on by other merchants in the locality varied from 6 to 7%. The assessees furnished no explanation at all as to why profit at the normal rate was not earned. Once the books of account of the assessees were rejected and the rate of gross profit earned by them was found unreliable, it was open to theOfficer to estimate the gross profit at a rate at which profit was earned in similar business by other merchants. We are unable to hold that the reasons recorded by the Tribunal in support of its order levying tax on profits computed on estimated turnover of Rs. 12 lakhs at the rate of 6.5 % were " irrelevantx Appellate Tribunal is the finalauthority and normally it should record its conclusion on every disputed question raised before it, setting out its reasons in support of its conclusion. But, in failing to record reasons, when the Appellate Tribunal fully agrees with the view expressed by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and has no other ground to record in support of its conclusion, it does not act illegally or irregularly, merely because it does not repeat the grounds of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner on which the decision was given against the assessees or the department. The criticism made by the High Court that the Tribunal had " failed to perform its duty in merely affirming the conclusion of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner " is apparently unmerited. On the merits of the claim for exclusion of the amount of Rs. 7, 000, there is no question of law which could be said to arise out of the order of the Tribunal. The assessees had credited Sampangappa with two sums of Rs. 6, 000 and Rs. 1, 000 in the months of November and December, 1950, respectively. It was clear that Sampangappa had not advanced at the material time any amount to the assessees. The explanation of the assessees was, therefore, untrueIt was urged before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal that the amount of Rs. 7, 000 could still be attributed to the " secreted profits." But no such explanation was furnished by the assessees ; and if the Tribunal declined to accept that contention, no question of law arises from its finding in that behalf. It cannot be said that the Tribunal was on the view expressed by it not justified in bringing to tax the amount of Rs. 7, 000, and no question of double taxation arises