Case: Union of India Vs. Rampur Distillery &amp; Chemical Company, Limited

1. The respondents Rampur Distillery and Chemical Co. Ltd.supplied to the appellantsUnion of Indiaa large quantity of rum (presumably, for the use of Defence personnel), The rum was found not to conform to the quality stipulated and was therefore rejected by the appellants. The appellants then cancelled the contract and forfeited the entire security deposit of Rs. 18,332/which was kept by the respondents for the due performance of the contract. On the respondents disputing the right of the appellants to forfeit the security deposit, the dispute was referred to an arbitrator who held that the appellants were entitled under Section 74 of the Indian Contract Act to the award of reasonable compensation only, which the arbitrator fixed at Rs.He directed the appellants to refund the balance viz. Rs. 11,000/to the respondents.2. The respondents filed a petition under the Arbitration Act, 1940 for making the award a rule of the court. The appellants filed their objections thereto contending that there was an error of law apparent on the face of the award as they were entitled to forfeit the entire amount of the security deposit. This contention was rejected by the learned Judge and he passed a decree in terms of the award. The appeal against that judgment having been dismissed in limine by the High Court of Delhi, the appellants have filed this appeal by special leave.

Court's reasoning:
It was held by this court that forfeiture of earnest money under a contract for sale of properly does not fall within S. 70 (74 ?) of the Contract Act, if the amount is reasonable, because the forfeiture of a reasonable sum paid as earnest money does not amount to the imposition of a penalty. But, "Where under the terms of the contract the party in breach has undertaken to pay a sum of money or to forfeit a sum of money which he has already paid to the party complaining of a breach of contract, the undertaking is of the nature of a penalty." It was further held that the amount deposited by way of security for guaranteeing the due performance of the contract cannot be regarded as earnest money.4. It is important that the breach of contract caused no loss to the appellants. The stipulated quantity of rum was subsequentlysupplied to the appellantsby the respondents themselves at the same rate. The appellants, in fact, made no attempt to establish that they had suffered any loss or damage on account of the breach committed by the respondents.5.Following the decision in Maula Buxs case, (1970) 1 SCR 928  = (AIR 1970 SC 1955 ) we hold that the High Court was right in rejecting the appellants claim that they are entitled to forfeit the security deposit. Civil appeal 1346 of 1967 is accordingly dismissed with costs.