Case: Mahesh Ratilal Shah Vs. Union Of India

1. Claiming to be a Sub-broker with one Yogesh B. Mehta, a Member of the Bombay Stock Exchange (hereinafter referred to "BSE"), the petitioner herein filed a writ petition before the Bombay High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution against the Union of India, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (hereinafter referred to as the "SEBI") and the BSE, inter alia, for a direction upon the Union of India and SEBI to withdraw the recognition granted to BSE for alleged non- compliance with the provisions of Sections 7 and 9 of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (hereinafter referred to as "the 1956 Act"). A further direction was also sought for for cancellation of SEBI registration of all relevant 90 members of the Stock Exchange for fraudulently inducing investors to trade in forged scrips of M/s Presto Finance Ltd. and to declare the Rules, Bye- laws and Regulations of the BSE as illegal, void and ultra vires the 1956 Act as also the Constitution of India. Various ancillary and interim reliefs were also prayed for connected with the main reliefs2. The case of the Petitioner is that he had been induced by the BSE and its Members to buy 4,50,800 shares of "Presto Finance Ltd." and under the assurance of the Exchange, he had deposited the entire purchase amount, amounting to Rs.71,19,817.30 with the Exchange. It is the Petitioners further case that the Exchange and its Members had intentionally and deliberately cheated him by giving him delivery of 1,56,100 forged share certificates and refused to cancel the said dealing when the same was discovered and instead asked the Petitioner to go to the Liquidator of Presto Finance Ltd. for claiming damages

Court's reasoning:
22. As we have noticed hereinbefore, the scrip of M/s. Presto Finance Ltd. was listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange after it had been listed in the Stock Exchange at Ahmedabad and on receipt of information thereof. However, as soon as information was received that the said company was involved in fraudulent dealing of its scrip, again on intimation from the Ahmedabad Stock Exchange, the said scrip was delisted and debarred from trading by the BSE. In our view, the Bombay Stock Exchange had not acted in a manner which tended to promote the share scrip of M/s. Presto Finance Ltd. with any malafide motive. Apart from the above, the delay of 10 years in approaching the High Court over the transactions in the said scrip cannot be ignored since, as observed by this Court in Raj Narain Pandeys case (supra) a long standing decision should not be easily interfered with, having regard to the fact that over the years, people have already settled their business in accordance therewith. Except for the bald allegations that the Bombay Stock Exchange had acted in a manner which was contrary to the interest of the securities market and investors in listing the share scrips of M/s. Presto Finance Ltd. for trading, there is nothing else to establish any ulterior motive on the part of the aforesaid Stock Exchange in listing the said scrip and, in fact, in terms of remedial measures the Stock Exchange also invited all those who had been given forged scrips, to submit the same to the Stock Exchange for further action23. On the question of non-publication of the Bye-laws, we agree with the views of the Bombay High Court in V.V. Ruias case (supra) that since the said Rules and Bye-laws had been in existence from long before the enactment of 1956 Act and the grant of recognition to the Stock Exchange, the same did not require publication in terms of Section 4 of the 1956 Act. In any event, as has been submitted by Mr. Diwan on behalf of the BSE, all amendments to the Rules and Bye-laws made after grant of recognition had been duly published in the Gazette24. Upon considering the case made out by the petitioner in the writ petition, the Bombay High Court held that the writ petition, which was lacking in particulars relating to the constitutional challenge, was not the appropriate remedy for the petitioner, who, along with a member of the Stock Exchange, had traded in the shares of the above-mentioned company. The High Court also observed that upon the complaints made to SEBI, action had been initiated against the Company as far back as in 1998-99 under Section 11B of the SEBI Act and SEBI had come to a finding that all the Directors of the Company, including one Hitendra Vasa, were guilty of dealing in fake and bogus shares and cheating the investing public at large. The High Court also observed that the market regulator had taken due steps in the matter of individual transactions and the remedy of the petitioner, who was aggrieved by the acts of the promoters of the company in question, as well as its Directors, would be in approaching the appropriate Court to initiate criminal prosecution against the offenders. Observing that it would not be appropriate to issue any blanket writ, as claimed by the Petitioner, when admittedly his case was restricted to dealing in shares of one of the companies listed at the Stock Exchange, the High Court summarily dismissed the writ petition. While doing so, the High Court also noted that no material had been produced by the petitioner for issuing directions for de-recognition of the BSE or to declare its Rules, Bye-laws and Regulations to be illegal, void and ultra vires25. Agreeing with the views expressed by the High Court, we are of the view that the Petitioner has not been able to make out any case of malafides or irregularity on the part of the Bombay Stock Exchange with regard to the listing and subsequent de-listing of the scrip of M/s Presto Finance Ltd. and we are also of the view that the publication of the Rules and Bye-laws of the Stock Exchange was not intended in the Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956, as otherwise some provision would have been made in the Act with regard to pre-recognition Rules and Bye-laws. While the Act provides for publication of amendments to the Rules and Bye-laws after grant of recognition, the Act is silent with regard to the publication of the pre-recognition Rules or Bye-laws which were already in existence and had been acted upon all along