Case: Eshwarappa Vs. State Of Karnataka

2. The deceased-Latha and the appellant herein got married to each other on 20th March, 2003. The prosecution version is that the deceased-Latha and her husband the appellant herein lived happily for a few months after their marriage in March 2003 during which time Latha conceived and gave birth to a female child. The marital relationship, however, soured when the appellant developed illicit relations with one Sarpina @ Sarfunnisa arrayed as accused no.2 before the Trial Court. The deceased-Latha, but naturally took exception to this relationship and informed her parents about the same who had a panchayat convened in the village to resolve the matter. The panchayat, according to the prosecution, advised the appellant to end his relationship with Sarpina, his paramour, which the appellant agreed to do. That commitment was however observed but only in breach as the illicit relationship between the appellant and Sarpina continued resulting in frequent quarrels between the appellant and the deceased-Latha. The prosecution case is that although the parents of the deceased had given dowry articles to the deceased including a sum of rupees one lakh towards cash, the appellant was demanding more money for purchase of a site. In order to satisfy that demand, the parents of the deceased had mortgaged their land and paid a sum of Rs.50,000/- to the appellant. It is also alleged that the appellant was neglecting the deceased and was residing with Sarpina, accused no.2. The deceased was provoked by this conduct and is alleged to have gone to the house of Sarpina (A-2) to lodge her protest in an attempt to wean the appellant away from the illicit relationship. This provoked the appellant, who assaulted the deceased. The parents of the deceased had in that background taken the deceased away to her parental home with her minor child. The prosecution case is that a day prior to the incident the parents of the deceased brought the deceased-Latha back to her matrimonial home in village Lakya, but thecruel behaviour towards her continued unabated. On the fateful day, the deceased appears to have asked the appellant to pay her some money so that she could take her sick child to the doctor. The appellant is alleged to have asked her to come to the field, where the appellant was going for work to collect the money. According to the prosecution, Latha followed her husband to the field while her parents returned to their village, but only to receive by evening the sad news that their daughter was lying dead under a tamarind tree near the land of the appellant in his village. They rushed to the village and the place of occurrence only to find that the deceased had died of strangulation. The matter was, thereupon, reported to the police who registered a case, commenced and completed the investigation and filed a charge-sheet not only against the appellant whom the prosecution accused of committing offences punishable under Sections 498A, 302 and 201 IPC but even against the parents of the appellant and Sarpina, the alleged lady love of the appellant.3. At the trial, the prosecution examined as many as 20 witnesses to prove the charges against the accused persons. The Trial Court, however, came to the conclusion that the prosecution had failed to prove its case against the accused persons except the appellant who was found guilty for offences punishable under Sections 498A, 302 and 201 IPC. He was accordingly sentenced to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay a fine of Rs.25,000/- under Section 302 IPC. The fine amount was directed to be paid to the grandparents of the child left behind by the deceased. He was also sentenced to undergo imprisonment for three years and to pay a fine of Rs.2,000/- under Section 498A IPC. In default, three months imprisonment was prescribed. For the offence punishable under Section 201 IPC, the appellant was sentenced to undergo imprisonment for three years and to pay a fine of Rs.2,000/-. In default of payment of fine, he was sentenced to undergo imprisonment for three months. All the sentences were directed to run concurrently.4. Aggrieved by the judgment and order passed by the Trial Court, the appellant preferred Criminal Appeal No.1676 of 2007 which was heard and dismissed by the High Court in terms of its order impugned in this appeal. The High Court, on a careful reappraisal of the evidence on record, came to the conclusion that the appellant had been rightly found guilty by the Trial Court. The High Court found the following circumstances to have been fully established by the evidence onThat the appellant had developed illicit intimacy with Sarpina (A-2) because of which there was no cordiality between the appellant, on the one hand, and his wife, the deceased on the other.(2) On the date of the incident at about 7.00 a.m. when the deceased requested the appellant to give some money to her so that she could take her child to the hospital, the appellant asked the deceased to come to the field where he would give her the money she required.(3) The deceased followed the instructions given to her and went to the field where the appellant was working. She was thus last seen alone in the company of the appellant.(4) The death of the deceased was homicidal in nature caused due to asphyxia. The ligature marks found around the neck of the deceased proved that there was constriction of the neck of the deceased because of exertion of force.(5) The appellant had piled a heap of stones and tied a rope to the branch of the tamarind tree, only to support a false plea in defence that the deceased had committed suicide.(6) The conduct of the appellant was unnatural and incompatible with his innocence. He did not inform the police or the parents of the deceased and disappeared from the scene of occurrence, after the commission of the offence.The High Court, at the same time, held that the depositions of the parents of the deceased regarding demand and acceptance of dowry before or after marriage were neither consistent nor credible to provide a basis for convicting the appellant under Section 498A IPC. The High Court held that the financial condition of the parents of the deceased was precarious as they were living in a Janatha house and working as labourers in a saw-mill in village Gavanahalli. Having said that the High Court dismissed the appeal in toto although on the finding recorded by it the High Court could and indeed should have set aside the conviction of the appellant under Section 498A IPC.

Court's reasoning:
16. The Trial Court and so also the High Court has rejected the story of suicide by the deceased and in our opinion rightly so, for reasons more than one. Firstly, because the death in the case at hand occurred because of strangulation/constriction force around the neck leading to asphyxia and shock as observed by the doctor which is possible not necessarily by hanging, although the doctor has opined it could be caused probably by hanging also. Secondly, because if death had occurred because of hanging, she would have been discovered by the witnesses in a hanging position, unless of course somebody had upon seeing her hanging, brought her down and placed the body on the ground or the rope by which she hung herself had itself snapped in which event there would have been a rope partly tied to the branch of the tamarind tree and partly around her neck with a noose which the witnesses say was not there. Thirdly, because it iscase that she was carrying a rope with herself when she was seen going towards the field. The presence of the rope and the heap of stones before the branch was obviously a make-believe situation created by the appellant, who was seen by the witness, returning from the field. Fourthly, because there was no immediate provocation for the deceased to take the step to commit suicide. All that she wanted was money from her husband to take her child to the hospital for treatment. Besides, the parents of the deceased were also present in the village around the time the deceased went towards the field which only shows that there was no intense or great provocation that could have led her to commit suicide. Fifthly, because the classic signs of death by hanging as reported inMedical Jurisprudence and Toxicology (23rd Edition) like face being usually pale; saliva dribbling out of the mouth down on the chin and chest; Neck Stretched and elongated in fresh bodies; Ligature mark being oblique, non-continuous and placed high up in the neck between the chin and the larynx, the base of the groove or furrow being hard yellow and parchment like; Abrasions and ecchymoses around the edges of the ligature mark, subcutaneous tissues under the mark being white or glistening; carotid arteries, internal coats being ruptured; fracture or dislocation of the cervical vertebrae were all conspicuously absent in the case at hand as is evident from the post-mortem report prepared by the doctor.17. In the totality of the circumstances and having regard to the nature of the evidence which the courts below have found credible on all material aspects of the prosecution case, we do not see any compelling reason to interfere with the view taken by the Trial Court as affirmed by the High Court. The only modification no matter inconsequential in the facts and circumstances of the case that we may make is the setting aside of the conviction of the appellant for the offence punishable under Section 498A Indian Penal Code.