Case: Beliram Bhalaik Vs. Jai Beharilal Khachi and Ors

1. Election to the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 6 Kumarsain Assembly Constituency was held according to the under mentioned calendar :2. Jai Beharilal Khachi, Beliram Bhalaik and Kishori Lal as rival candidates contested the election from the aforesaid Constituency. The result Of the poll was as below :3. Khachi was declared elected defeating Bhalaik by a margin of 118 votes.4. Bhalaik filed a petition under the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (hereinafter called the Act) calling in question the election of Khachi on the ground that the latter had committed several corrupt practices pleaded in the petition. The petitioner also alleged the commission of some irregularities and illegalities in the counting of votes and on that basis prayed that a recount be ordered. In the event of election of Khachi being set aside, the petitioner prayed for a further declaration that he had been duly elected.5. The learned Judge of the High Court found all the issues against the petitioner and dismissed the petition. Hence this appeal.

Court's reasoning:
Since we agree with the reasoning and the conclusions arrived at by the High Court, we will not reappraise the evidence in detail. We will discuss only the broad salient features of the evidence adduced in the case.9. Both Gupta and Kishori Lal were examined in rebuttal as DWs. 16 and 17. They categorically discounted the story of the petitioner. Guptas statement was supported by the entries in his official diary according to which on 7-2-1972, he was travelling between Kumarsain and Jarol in a truck. On that day he never went anywhere in a jeep. Kishori Lal stated that he did not even know who Gupta was and never travelled with him. Sirkek was, admit tedly, related to Bhalaik and was his principal worker in the election campaign . Both were highly interested witnesses and there was absolutely no corroboration of their statements and there was absolutely no corroboration of their statements from an independent source. As against them, there was no ground to disbelieve the version of D.W. 16 which had been confirmed by the official records and the authenticity of which had not been challenged. It was thus rightly that the appellant bad utterly failed to substantiate these allegations.10. It was further alleged that on 8-2-1972 and 9-2-1972, Sirkek and Bhalaik met Kishori Lal at the Coffee House, Simla and had a talk with him. During that talk Kishori Lal confessed that all his election expenses were being borne by Khachi.11. Again on this point, the only evidence adduced consisted of the oral statements of Sirkek and Bhalaik. Admittedly, Kishori Lal was a nominee of the Communist Party of India. This circumstances itself goes a long way to falsify the assertion of the appellant that Kishori Lal had been set up by Khachi. Moreover, there was no good reason to disbelieve the sworn word of Kishori Lal that his election was being financed by the C.P.I. Thus this allegation also remained unsubstantiated.12. Next is the charge of that on 24-2-1972, Khachi went to the temple of Devta Kalu Nag at Jadun. He offered eleven Rupees to the deity. Gur is the medium through whom the deity conveys his commands. Khachi utilized the services of Chet Ram Gur (P. W. 12) for conveying the commands of the deity that the devotees should vote for Khachi. According to the averments in the petition Chet Ram Gur distributed the chavals (rice) in villages Barru, Kathla, Roni and Kelvi among the worshippers of Devta Kalu Nag in token of conveying a message of the Devta that the recipients should vote for Khachi. In the case of those voters who refused to receive the token, the Gur threw the rice in their houses indicating that if they did not vote for Khachi, they would be visited by the deitys displeasure.14. In our opinion, the very story of distribution of chavals by the Gur from house to house in the manner alleged was improbable. The High Court has held, and quite rightly, that such distribution was not in keeping with the practice of Devta Kalu Nag.15. Khachi testified that distribution of chavals to the devotees is a ritual of blessing performed by the Gur in the temple itself and that such tokens of benediction on behalf of the deity are never given away from the temple to persons in furtherance of a private purpose. On this point, Khachis statement receives confirmation from no less a person than Jwala Parshad a retired District Magistrate, examined as PW.16 by the petitioner. Jwala Parshad stated that chavals are distributed only in the presence of the deity within the temple itself.16. P.W 12 Chet Ram claimed to be the Gur of Devta Kalu Nag. He stated that he had distributed chavals among the worshippers of the Devta in villages Kelvi, Barhu, Kathla and Rihmi, at the instance of Khachi as the latter had promised to please the former. If any of those persons refused to accept the chavals, the witness placed them in his house. In this quaint fashion, the witness placed them in his house. In this quaint fashion the witness claims to have influenced in the name of the deity about 200 or 300 electors to vote for Khachi.17. In cross-examination, he named nine persons to whom, the chavals were offered Out of them, only one, namely, P.W Atma Ram has been examined. This Atma Ram is none other than the paternal uncle of Chet Ram. In an unguarded moment Chet Ram unwittingly admitted that P.W.II Atma Ram was a Congress man, although he tried to recent it subsequently. It was further elicited from Chet Ram, in cross-examination, that P.W. Sadh Ram Ex-M.L.A. was a Congress worker and belonged to his brotherhood. Chet Ram further conceded that he did not know Khachi previously. He was then asked what was the reward in consideration of which he had allegedly gone from house to house to distribute chavals to canvass votes for Khachi in the name of Devta. He could not give a satisfactory answer. He prevaricated. He ultimately said that he was not seeking any reward from Khachi for himself. It is difficult to believe that version. In this highly commercial age, even a Gur or priest of a temple is not expected to do as Chet Ram claims to have done, without any reward or consideration of a temporal nature or promise of material gain. On the other hand, there was reason to suspect that he was coming forward to support the charge leveled by the petitioner, under the influence of P.W. Sadh Ram.18. P.W. 11 Atma Ram of Kelvi, stated not only with regard to the offer of chavals to him, but also about their distribution by Chet Ram in other houses in the villages, occupied by 300 or 400 persons. He betrayed an anxiety to make his statement co-extensive and congruent with that of his nephew, Chet Ram. He was as revealed by Chet Ram a Congress man and as such was an interested witness. His version was full of prevarications and contradictions. At one stage, under the stress of cross-examination, he admitted that the Gur of the Devta does not go to the houses or shops of Harijans for giving the chavals. His aforesaid admission therefore, was destructive of his version in examination-in-chief that the Gur had come to the shop of Nayarku Cobbler and offered chavals to one Manohar Lal there.19. P.W. 25 Sadh Ram did not give any direct evidence with regard to the distribution of chavals by Chet Ram. He however, stated that he had come to know about this fact one day after the distribution. The witness made enquiries about it. He has admittedly been collecting evidence to support the charges in the petition. He is the Chairman of the District Congress Committee for the last seven years. He is a close associate of Bhalaik and has been ardently supporting him during and after the election. It was therefore not without reason that the High Court found that PWs. Atma Ram and Chet Ram were coming forward to propound the story of the distribution of the chavals at the behest of P.W. Sadh Ram.20. Moreover, from the evidence produced in rebuttal, it had been shown that P.W. Chet Ram was not the sole Gur of Devta Kalu Nag. D W. 14 Natu deposed that he was the senior Gur of this deity. Notices, dated January 21, 1973, (Ex. D W. 14/1) issued to Natu and his reply (Ex D W. 14/2) dated February 16, 1973, confirmed the fact of Natu being the senior Gur. There was complaint against Natu and an enquiry was held against him But the fact remains that as the material time, Natu was the senior Gur of Nag Devta.21. It is significant to rote that after the elections of 1969, also, Bhalaik had filed an election petition challenging the election of the successful candidate from this constituency . In that election petition, a similar corrupt practice was alleged and Natu was described as the Gur of Devta Kalu Nag of Jadun. Ex. D.W. 12/1 is a copy of that petition. Bhalaik was confronted with that allegation. Instead of giving any explanation, he feigned ignorance about it.22. In the witness-stand Khachi categorically discounted the story set up by P.Ws. Chet Ram and Atma Ram.23. The learned trial Judge who had the opportunity of observing the demeanour of the aforesaid P.Ws. has found the evidence rendered by them as unworthy of credit. There is no good reason for us to take a different view of this evidence.24. Another cognate charge of distribution of chavals on behalf of Devta Doom of Gumtha/Kadrol by Balak Ram Gur, among the worshippers of that Devta in villages Kadrol, Mehn, Mahussu and Dhar was also made in the petition. P.W. 13, Mansa Ram and his brother and P.W. 14 Charan were examined in respect of that charge. P.W. 13 was admittedly a Congress worker. These P.Ws. stated that Khachi had represented that the jungle of Devta Doom could be saved from confucation if they voted for Khachi. Bhalaik stated that Khachi had taken those persons to the Deputy Commissioner, Alock on 1-3-1972 and obtained permission for the auction of trees.25. Balak Ram Gur of the Devta and the Deputy Commissioner, Alok were examined in rebuttal at D.W. 10 and D.W. 13 respectively. Balak Ram, contradicted the statements of the petitioner and his P.Ws. regarding this charge. No question was put to Alok about the facts alleged by Bhalaik. This charge was too flimsy and vague to carry conviction.27. Khachi denied having said any such thing in his speech. After consulting his tour diary, D.W. 16 Gupta stated that from February 27, 1972 to February 29, 1972, he was on tour from Kumarsain to Kondru. He returned to his headquarter at Kumarsain on March 1, 1972. On February 28,1972 he travelled from Baragaon to Koti and from Koti to Noeulinand came back to Kangal. The witness admitted that Jwala Parshad had met him at Kangal and asked him about the water course. He denied that he met the appellant at Kangal or had any talk with him regarding the water supply.28. Narain Datt D.W. 15, President of the Kangal Panchayat stated that he was present in the election meeting presided over by Jwala Parshad, according to the witness, all that Khachi had said was, that he would make efforts to see that water supply was made available to the village. Narain Dutt was an independent witness of status. The trial Judge therefore rightly preferred his statement to the vague and interested evidence given P.W. 16 and the petitioner.29. The next charge was that on May 29, 1972 A.C. Gupta, S.D.O. went to the house of P.W. 1 Mastram at village Khemali and there asked the Mates and Beldars of his Department to vote for Khachi.30. P.W. 1 Mastram, P.W. 2, Dilaram, P. W. 3 Jainand and P.W. 4 Siaram were examined to establish this charge. P.W 1 Mastram is of village Khemli. He stated that he did not know Gupta previously. On February 29, 1972, Gupta came on the site of the work on the road, near the house of the witness. Somebody pointed out that he was Gupta, S. D. O. Gupta then addressed the gathering which consisted of 4 or 2 mates and 100 Beldars, that they should vote for Khachi. P. Ws. however said that Gupta did not represent that he knew Khachi. In cross-examination, it was revealed that the witness was totally ignorant about the names of the Beldars, the location of their houses or like particulars. Witness had no talk with the Beldars after that day. He however, informed about what Gupta had said, to Bhalaik after the declaration of the election result.31. It is manifest from a scrutiny of the statements of P.Ws. 2,3 and 4 that they had all been collected and brought to court by P.W. 1 Mastram. It is further noteworthy that P.W. 1 did not say that Gupta was canvassing votes for Khachi at the request of the latter. P.W. 1 could not name any month of the English calendar. The very fact that he mentioned the date February 29, 1972, as the date of Guptas visit, showed that this act had been put into his month by someone else.32. Gupta as D W. 16 categorically denied his visit to the house of Mastram on February 29, 1972 or his having asked Mastram or the Mates and Beldars to vote for Khachi. He explained that on February 29, 1972, he was supervising the construction work on Baragaon-Matiana Road and in that connection he might have visited and inspected the site of the work at Khemli for a couple of minutes. He stated that D.W. 6 Narsukh and D W. 7 Manna were (he Mutes working on that road on Feb. 29, 1972 Gupta had inspected the work done by these persons. Gupta further stated that P.Ws. Jainand and Sisram had a grudge against him. Jainand wanted the witness to post his son at a particular station. The witness could not oblige him Similarly, Sisram was unhappy in connection with a dispute relating to the marriage of Sisrams sister.33. Mates Narsukh and Manna, were examined in rebuttal by Khachi. Both of them refuted the version of PWs. Mastram, Jainand and Sisram.34. In the circumstances of the case, it was not prudent to accept the mere ipse dixit of these P.Ws. Their statements had not been corroborated by any reliable documentary evidence. In any case, it could not be preferred to that of D.Ws. Gupta, Narsukh and Manna. In the ultimate analysis, the High Court was right in holding that this charge also had not been established beyond reasonable doubt.40. The version of the appellant and his aforesaid witnesses stood in sharp contradiction to that of Alock, the Returning Officer. The latter stated that no complaint of any irregularity in counting or of the use of any unfair means in counting was made to him. Explaining the procedure followed by him, he stated that after the counting, he prepared the counting sheet and informally announced the result. He then paused for five to seven minutes to ascertain if any application or request for a re-count was forth- coming. But no such request was made to him. Consequently after the expiry of those 5 or 7 minutes, the witness completed the result-sheet and declared the result finally. He further swore that there was no pandamonium in the counting Hall during this interval. Alock clearly stated that no request for recount or for grant of time to make an application for recount was made to him by Shri Beli Ram Bhalaik. He however admitted that one or two persons had raised slogans for about half a minute. They stopped when the witness asked them to do so The witness added that the result of the election was finally declared at 1-30 p.m. and thereafter at 2 05 p.m. When counting of votes of Mahasu Constituency was going on, Bhalaik made the application Ex. D.W. 13/2. The witness then made an order rejecting it. In cross-examination, Alock stated that while presenting the application Ex. D W. 13/2, Bhalaik had represented that he could not present the application at the appropriate time because he had sent his men outside and he could not arrive in time because he was not permitted to enter as the counting for another constituency was going on. The witness reiterated that even at that time Bhalaik did not complain that a lot of mistakes had been committed in the counting of votes.41. Alock was a responsible Government Officer. He was not interested in either side. He appears to have given evidence in a straight and forth- right manner. His statement was therefore rightly accepted in preference to those of the petitioner and his Counting Agents.42. Alocks version receives full assurance from the circumstances that even in the belated application Ex. D.W.13/2 no irregularity or illegality, whatever, in the counting was mentioned. All that was stated therein was that the appellant was not satisfied with the counting and therefore wanted a recount. It did not contain any ground on which a recount was sought, and as such, did not comply with the mandatory requirement of Rule 63(2) of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, which provides that after the announcement of the result of counting, a candidate or in his absence his election agent or any of his counting agents may apply in writing to the Returning Officer to recount the votes either wholly or in part stating the grounds on which he demands such recount. A whimsical and bald statement of the candidate that he is not satisfied with the counting, is not tantamount to a statement of the grounds within the contemplation of Rule 63(2). The application was thus not a proper application in the eye of law. It was not supplemented even by an antecedent or contemporaneous oral statement of the author or any of his agents with regard to any irregularities in the counting. It was liable to be rejected summarily under Sub-rule (3) of Rule 63, also. That apart, it was presented about half an hour after the Returning Officer had completed and signed the result sheet in Form 20. Sub-rule (6) of the Rule expressly debars the Returning Officer from entertaining an application for recount at such a late stage. The returning Officer had therefore, rightly rejected the application as belated.43. From all that has been said above, it is clear that the allegations of irregularities and illegalities in the counting of votes have been subsequently invented as an after-thought. That apart, these allegations in the petition are more or less vague and general There are lacking in malarial facts The Evidence adduced in regard to this issue also does not make out a prima facie case for a recount.44. Since the pronouncement of this Court in Ram Sewak Yadav v. Hussain Kamal Kidwai and Ors. (1) it is settled law that Sections 100(1)(d)(iii). 101, 102 of the Act and Rule 93 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 implicitly give the Court trying an election petition the power to order a recount or production of the ballot papers and permit their inspection by the parties. Since an order for a recount touches upon the secrecy of the ballot papers, it should not be made lightly or as a matter of course. Although no caste iron rule of universal application can be or has been laid down, yet from a beadroll the decisions of this Court, two broad guide lines are discernible : that the Court would be justified in ordering a recount or permitting inspection of the ballot papers only where (i) all the material facts on which the allegations of irregularity or illegality in counting are founded, are pleaded adequately in the election petition, and (ii) the Court Tribunal trying the petition is prima facie satisfied that the making of such an order is imperatively necessary to decide the dispute and to do complete and effectual justice between the parties see Ram Sewak Yadav v. Hussain Kamal Kidwai (supra) Dr. Jagjit Singh v. Giani Kartar Singh, Jitendra, (2) Bahadur Singh v. Krihna Behari (3), and Smt. Sumitra Devi v. Shri Sheo Shankar Prasad Yadav (4).In the present case neither of the tests above mentioned has been satisfied. The allegations in the petition are not precise. They are in style general and vague floating on auspicious and beliefs of the petitioner, rather than resting on tetra firma of material facts. As was stressed in Ram Sewak Yadavs case (supra), mere allegations that the petitioner suspects or believes that there has been improper reception, refusal or rejection of votes or there have been irregularities in the counting of ballot papers will not be sufficient to support an order of recount and inspection. It is an irony of things that in elections, as in horse racing, sure beliefs, hopes and expectations of the contestants often end up as also runs. The allegations of irregularities in counting appearing in the petition stem from such a sure belief turned unsure We therefore do not find any substance in the contention of the appellant that the High Court was in error in rejecting the appellants request for a recount.