Case: RENAISSANCE HOTEL HOLDINGS INC Vs. B. VIJAYA SAI AND OTHERS

3. The facts in brief giving rise to the filing of the present appeal are as under:The appellant--plaintiff filed a suit being O.S. No. 3 of 2009 before the trial court claiming a decree of permanent injunction to restrain the respondents--defendants from using the trade mark SAI RENAISSANCE or any other trade mark identical with the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark RENAISSANCE, and from opening, operating, managing, franchising, licensing, dealing directly or indirectly in hotels, restaurant or hospitality services of any manner under the trade mark RENAISSANCE, and to deliver all the goods, label or any other printed material bearing the impugned mark SAI RENAISSANCE or RENAISSANCE and for damages amounting to Rs.3,50,000/- for having used its trade mark.4. It is the case of the appellant--plaintiff that it is a company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America. It is the further case of the appellant--plaintiff that it is the holder and proprietor of the trade mark and service mark RENAISSANCE in relation to hotel, restaurant, catering, bar, cocktail lounge, fitness club, spa services, etc. It is the further case of the appellant- plaintiff that the trade mark RENAISSANCE has also been used in relation to a wide variety of goods commonly found in the appellant--plaintiffs hotels such as bath robes, slippers, shirts, hats, matchboxes, writing paper, candies, etc. These products are imprinted with the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark RENAISSANCE. It is the case of the appellant--plaintiff that the trade mark RENAISSANCE has been used by it for its hospitality business throughout the world since the year 1981. That it is one of the worlds largest and leading chains of hotels. That it is using the trade mark RENAISSANCE in India since 1990. It is the case of the appellant--plaintiff that it also runs a hotel and convention centre in Mumbai and in Goa. That it also owns a registration for the domain name www.renaissancehotels.com and spends about US$ 14 million annually for worldwide advertisements and promotional activities.5. It is the further case of the appellant--plaintiff that it has the registration for the trade mark and service mark RENAISSANCE in India, under Registration No. 610567 in Class 16 for printed matter, periodicals, books, stationery, manuals, magazines, instructional and teaching materials and office requisites and Registration No. 1241271 in Class 42 for hotel, restaurant, catering, bar and cocktail lounge services, provisions of facilities for meetings, conferences and exhibitions, reservation services for hotel accommodations, respectively.6. According to the appellant--plaintiff, it came across a website at www.sairenaissance.com through which it discovered that the respondents--defendants were operating one hotel in Bangalore and another one in Puttaparthi under the impugned name SAI RENAISSANCE, which wholly incorporates the appellant--plaintiffs well-known trade mark and service mark RENAISSANCE. The appellant--plaintiff immediately instructed that an investigation be carried out and sought legal advice with regard to the violation of its intellectual property. Upon investigation, it was revealed that the respondents--defendants were running one hotel at Kadugodi, near Whitefield Railway Station, Bangalore and another one at By--Pass Road, Puttaparthi. It was further revealed that the respondents--defendants were copying appellant--plaintiffs trade mark RENAISSANCE, its stylized representation, signage and business cards and leaflets. It is the case of the appellant--plaintiff that this was done in such a manner so as to suggest an affiliation, association, nexus or connection with the business of the appellant--plaintiff. The appellant--plaintiff, therefore, claimed infringement of its registered trade mark RENAISSANCE in Class 16 and Class 42. The appellant--plaintiff further contended that a similar suit instituted by it at Kochi being C.S. No. 5 of 2005 before the District Court at Ernakulam was decreed in its favour vide judgment dated 31st January 2008.7. The respondents--defendants resisted the claim of the appellant--plaintiff by filing their written statement. It was contended that the suit was liable to be dismissed on account of delay, laches and acquiescence. It was further contended that RENAISSANCE is a generic word and no such exclusive rights can be claimed over it in India as it is neither a well-known mark, nor it has any reputation built up by the appellant--plaintiff. It is the case of the respondents--defendants that they are ardent devotees of Sri Shirdi Sai Baba and Sri Puttaparthi Sai Baba. It is the belief of all the devotees of Sri Sai Baba including the first respondent--defendant that Sri Puttaparthi Sai Baba is the reincarnation of Sri Shirdi Sai Baba and therefore, the first respondent--defendant used the dictionary word RENAISSANCE after the name of Sri Shirdi Sai Baba and adopted the name SAI RENAISSANCE. It is the case of the first respondent--defendant that he has been running the hotel for the last 15 years. According to the first respondent- defendant, the hotel at Kadugodi near Whitefield was established in the year 2001 near the Ashram of Sri Sai Baba. It is the case of the first respondent--defendant that the hotel was established so as to provide facilities to the devotees of Sri Sai Baba. The respondents--defendants further submitted that even the first respondent--defendant was not aware that the appellant--plaintiff had established any such hotel by incorporating the word RENAISSANCE in its name till he received suit summons in the said case.8. It is contended by the respondents--defendants that the word RENAISSANCE is commonly found in the dictionary and is used by a large number of people and therefore, the trade mark RENAISSANCE has not become distinctive with the appellant--plaintiff as claimed by it. It is submitted by the respondents--defendants that RENAISSANCE is neither a coined word nor an inventive mark. It is further the case of the respondents--defendants that the appellant--plaintiffs mark RENAISSANCE registered under Class 42 is subject to rectification proceedings, and as such, the appellant- plaintiff cannot claim that they are the registered proprietors of the said trade mark RENAISSANCE.9. It is the further case of the respondents--defendants that the class of customers to which they were catering was totally different from the class of customers to which the appellant--plaintiff was catering. It is their case that the services provided by them and the appellant--plaintiff were also totally different. It was contended that the respondents- defendants did not provide non-vegetarian food and alcoholic drinks to its customers. It was therefore contended that there was no possibility of confusion being created in the minds of the customers that the hotel of the respondents- defendants belonged to or was affiliated to the appellant- plaintiff.10. The trial court framed the following issues:1. Whether the Plaintiff is the registered proprietor of the trade mark/service mark RENAISSANCE under the Trade Mark Act 1999?2. Whether the plaintiff is the proprietor of trade mark/service mark Renaissance on account of prior adoption and use in relation to hotels and hospitality business?3. Whether the plaintiff proves that the defendant is infringing the trade mark of the plaintiff?4. Whether the plaintiff proves that the action of defendant is one of passing off?5. Whether the plaintiff is entitled to an order for delivery of goods, labels or any other printed materials?6. Whether plaintiff is entitled for rendition of accounts and damages?7. To what reliefs and decree the parties are entitled for?1. Whether the suit is not maintainable for want of signing and verification of the plaint by person having locus standi?2. Whether the defendants prove that they have been honestly and continuously using the trade mark Hotel SAIRenaissance?11. The trial court answered the aforesaid issues as under: 12. My answer to the above issues are as under:Issue No.1: AffirmativeIssue No.2: AffirmativeIssue No.3: AffirmativeIssue No.4: NegativeIssue No.5: NegativeIssue No.6: negativeAdditional Issue No.2: does not arise for consideration.12. The trial court after considering the evidence on record and contentions raised on behalf of the parties, partly decreed the suit by restraining the respondents--defendants from using the trade mark SAI RENAISSANCE or any other trade mark which incorporates the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark RENAISSANCE or is deceptively similar thereto in relation to or upon printed matter, periodicals, books, instructional and teaching materials, stationery, manuals, magazines and office requisites amounting to infringement of the appellant--plaintiffs registered trade mark No. 610567 in Class 16 and for hotel, restaurant, catering, bar and cocktail lounge services, provision of facilities for meetings, conferences and exhibitions, reservation services for hotel accommodations amounting to infringement of the appellant- plaintiffs registered trade mark No. 1241271 in Class 42. The trial court further restrained the respondents--defendants from opening, operating, managing, franchising, licensing, dealing directly or indirectly in hotels, restaurant, or hospitality services of any manner under the trade mark or service mark RENAISSANCE or any deceptively similar mark RENAISSANCE or any deceptively similar mark including on the internet as a domain name www.sairenaissance.com or in any manner so as to pass off their services as those of or concocted with the appellant- plaintiff. The trial court, however, rejected the claim of the appellant--plaintiff for damages. Being aggrieved thereby, the respondents--defendants appealed before the High Court.13. The High Court observed that the evidence produced by the appellant--plaintiff did not disclose that a trans-border reputation was earned by it to uphold its plea in that regard. The High Court further observed that the appellant--plaintiff is a 5 Star hotel but the respondents--defendants hotel is not of that standard. The High Court further observed that no evidence was produced by the appellant--plaintiff to show that the respondents--defendants were taking unfair advantage of its trade mark or that the use of the word SAI RENAISSANCE was detrimental to the distinctive character or reputation of the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark.14. Insofar as the judgment of the Kerala High Court in the case of M/s The RENAISSANCE, Cochin v. M/s RENAISSANCE Hotels Inc. Marriotr (RFA No. 235 of 2008 dated 28th April, 2009) in which injunction was granted in favour of the plaintiff against the Hotel (RENAISSANCE, COCHIN) is concerned, the High Court observed that the said judgment was not applicable to the facts of the present case. It was observed that in the said case, one of the customers had claimed that he was misled to believe that The RENAISSANCE, COCHIN was a part of the plaintiffs hotel chain and therefore, he resided there. The High Court observed that in the present case, none of the customers had made such a claim. It further observed that the witness of the appellant--plaintiff had admitted that the respondents--defendants serve only vegetarian food without liquor and that he had no idea that the respondents- defendants had established two hotels exclusively for serving the devotees of Satya Sai Baba at Puttaparthi and Bengaluru, respectively. The High Court further observed that the evidence on record shows that the respondents- defendants have not taken unfair advantage, or that its existence was detrimental to the distinctive character or reputation of the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark. The High Court, therefore, observed that there was no infringement of trade mark, and as such, allowed the appeal filed by the respondents--defendants herein by setting aside the judgement and decree dated 21st June 2012 passed by the trial court and dismissed the suit. Being aggrieved thereby, the appellant--plaintiff has approached this Court.

Court's reasoning:
43. The legislative scheme is clear that when the mark of the defendant is identical with the registered trade mark of the plaintiff and the goods or services covered are similar to the ones covered by such registered trade mark, it may be necessary to prove that it is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public, or which is likely to have an association with the registered trade mark. Similarly, when the trade mark of the plaintiff is similar to the registered trade mark of the defendant and the goods or services covered by such registered trade mark are identical or similar to the goods or services covered by such registered trade mark, it may again be necessary to establish that it is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public. However, when the trade mark of the defendant is identical with the registered trade mark of the plaintiff and that the goods or services of the defendant are identical with the goods or services covered by registered trade mark, the Court shall presume that it is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public.44. Having considered the legislative scheme as has been elaborately provided in the said Act, it will be apposite to refer to the observations of this Court, while considering Section 21 of The Trade Marks Act, 1940 in the case of Kaviraj Pandit Durga Dutt Sharma (supra):28. The other ground of objection that the findings are inconsistent really proceeds on an error in appreciating the basic differences between the causes of action and right to relief in suits for passing off and for infringement of a registered trade mark and in equating the essentials of a passing off action with those in respect of an action complaining of an infringement of a registered trade mark. We have already pointed out that the suit by the respondent complained both of an invasion of a statutory right under Section 21 in respect of a registered trade mark and also of a passing off by the use of the same mark. The finding in favour of the appellant to which the learned counsel drew our attention was based upon dissimilarity of the packing in which the goods of the two parties were vended, the difference in the physical appearance of the two packets by reason of the variation in the colour and other features and their general get-up together with the circumstance that the name and address of the manufactory of the appellant was prominently displayed on his packets and these features were all set out for negativing the respondents claim that the appellant had passed off his goods as those of the respondent. These matters which are of the essence of the cause of action for relief on the ground of passing off play but a limited role in an action for infringement of a registered trade mark by the registered proprietor who has a statutory right to that mark and who has a statutory remedy for the event of the use by another of that mark or a colourable imitation thereof. While an action for passing off is a Common Law remedy being in substance an action for deceit, that is, a passing off by a person of his own goods as those of another, that is not the gist of an action for infringement. The action for infringement is a statutory remedy conferred on the registered proprietor of a registered trade mark for the vindication of the exclusive right to the use of the trade mark in relation to those goods (Vide Section 21 of the Act). The use by the defendant of the trade mark of the plaintiff is not essential in an action for passing off, but is the sine qua non in the case of an action for infringement. No doubt, where the evidence in respect of passing off consists merely of the colourable use of a registered trade mark, the essential features of both the actions might coincide in the sense that what would be a colourable imitation of a trade mark in a passing off action would also be such in an action for infringement of the same trade mark. But there the correspondence between the two ceases. In an action for infringement, the plaintiff must, no doubt, make out that the use of the defendants mark is likely to deceive, but where the similarity between the plaintiffs and the defendants mark is so close either visually, phonetically or otherwise and the court reaches the conclusion that there is an imitation, no further evidence is required to establish that the plaintiffs rights are violated. Expressed in another way, if the essential features of the trade mark of the plaintiff have been adopted by the defendant, the fact that the get-up, packing and other writing or marks on the goods or on the packets in which he offers his goods for sale show marked differences, or indicate clearly a trade origin different from that of the registered proprietor of the mark would be immaterial; whereas in the case of passing off, the defendant may escape liability if he can show that the added matter is sufficient to distinguish his goods from those of the plaintiff.45. It could thus be seen that this Court has pointed out the distinction between the causes of action and right to relief in suits for passing off and for infringement of registered trade mark. It has been held that the essentials of a passing off action with those in respect of an action complaining of an infringement of a registered trade mark, cannot be equated. It has been held that though an action for passing off is a Common Law remedy being an action for deceit, that is, a passing off by a person of his own goods as those of another; the action for infringement is a statutory right conferred on the registered proprietor of a registered trade mark for the vindication of the exclusive rights to the use of the trade mark in relation to those goods. The use by the defendant of the trade mark of the plaintiff is a sine qua non in the case of an action for infringement. It has further been held that if the essential features of the trade mark of the plaintiff have been adopted by the defendant, the fact that the get-up, packing and other writing or marks on the goods or on the packets in which he offers his goods for sale show marked differences, or indicate clearly a trade origin different from that of the registered proprietor of the mark, would be immaterial in a case of infringement of the trade mark, whereas in the case of a passing off, the defendant may escape liability if he can show that the added matter is sufficient to distinguish his goods from those of the plaintiff.46. Again, while considering the provisions of Section 21 of the 1940 Act, this Court in the case of Ruston & Hornsby Limited (supra), observed thus:4. It very often happens that although the defendant is not using the trade mark of the plaintiff, the get up of the defendants goods may be so much like the plaintiffs that a clear case of passing off would be proved. It is on the contrary conceivable that although the defendant may be using the plaintiffs mark the get up of the defendants goods may be so different from the get up of the plaintiffs goods and the prices also may by so different that there would be no probability of deception of the public. Nevertheless, in an action on the trade mark, that is to say, in an infringement action, an injunction would issue as soon as it is proved that the defendant is improperly using the plaintiffs mark.5. The action for infringement is a statutory right. It is dependent upon the validity of the registration and subject to other restrictions laid down in Sections 30, 34 and 35 of the Act. On the other hand the gist of a passing off action is that A is not entitled to represent his goods as the goods of B but it is not necessary for B to prove that A did this knowingly or with any intent to deceive. It is enough that the get-up of Bs goods has become distinctive of them and that there is a probability of confusion between them and the goods of A. No case of actual deception nor any actual damage need be proved. At common law the action was not maintainable unless there had been fraud on As part. In equity, however, Lord Cottenham, L.C., in Millington v. Fox [3 My & Cr 338] held that it was immaterial whether the defendant had been fraudulent or not in using the plaintiffs trade mark and granted an injunction accordingly. The common law courts, however, adhered to their view that fraud was necessary until the Judicature Acts, by fusing law and equity, gave the equitable rule the victory over the common law rule.6. The two actions, however, are closely similar in some respects. As was observed by the Master of the Rolls in Saville Perfumery Ltd. v. June Perfect Ltd. [58 RPC 147 at 161] :The statute law relating to infringement of trade marks is based on the same fundamental idea as the law relating to passing-off. But it differs from that law in two particulars, namely (1) it is concerned only with one method of passing-off, namely, the use of a trade mark, and (2) the statutory protection is absolute in the sense that once a mark is shown to offend, the user of it cannot escape by showing that by something outside the actual mark itself he has distinguished his goods from those of the registered proprietor. Accordingly, in considering the question of infringement the Courts have held, and it is now expressly provided by the Trade Marks Act, 1938, Section 4, that infringement takes place not merely by exact imitation but by the use of a mark so nearly resembling the registered mark as to be likely to deceive.47. It could thus be seen that this Court again reiterated that the question to be asked in an infringement action is as to whether the defendant is using a mark which is same as, or which is a colourable imitation of the plaintiffs registered trade mark. It has further been held that though the get up of the defendants goods may be so different from the plaintiffs goods and the prices may also be so different that there would be no probability of deception of the public, nevertheless even in such cases, i.e., in an infringement action, an injunction would be issued as soon as it is proved that the defendant is improperly using the plaintiffs mark. It has been reiterated that no case of actual deception nor any actual damage needs to be proved in such cases. This Court has further held that though two actions are closely similar in some respects, in an action for infringement, where the defendants trade mark is identical with the plaintiffs trade mark, the Court will not enquire whether the infringement is such as is likely to deceive or cause confusion.48. In the present case, both the trial court and the High Court have come to the conclusion that the trade mark of the respondents--defendants is identical with that of the appellant--plaintiff and further that the services rendered by the respondents--defendants are under the same class, i.e., Class 16 and Class 42, in respect of which the appellant- plaintiffs trade mark RENAISSANCE was registered. In such circumstances, the trial court had rightly held that the goods of the appellant--plaintiff would be covered by Section 29(2)(c) read with Section 29(3) of the said Act.49. However, the High Court, while reversing the decree of injunction granted by the trial court, has held that the appellant--plaintiff had failed to establish that the trade mark has reputation in India and that the respondents--defendants use thereof was honest and further that there was no confusion likely to be created in the minds of the consumers inasmuch as the class of consumers was totally different. It appears that the High Court has relied only on clause (c) of sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act to arrive at such a conclusion.50. We find that the High Court has totally erred in taking into consideration only clause (c) of sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act. It is to be noted that, whereas, the legislature has used the word or after clauses (a) and (b) in sub--section (2) of Section 29 of the said Act, it has used the word and after clauses (a) and (b) in sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act. It could thus be seen that the legislative intent is very clear. Insofar as sub--section (2) of Section 29 of the said Act is concerned, it is sufficient that any of the conditions as provided in clauses (a), (b) or (c) is satisfied.52. The perusal of sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act would reveal that the same deals with an eventuality when the impugned trade mark is identical with or similar to the registered trade mark and is used in relation to goods or services which are not similar to those for which the trade mark is registered. Only in such an eventuality, it will be necessary to establish that the registered trade mark has a reputation in India and the use of the mark without due cause takes unfair advantage of or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or repute of the registered trade mark. The legislative intent is clear by employing the word and after clauses (a) and (b) in sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act. Unless all the three conditions are satisfied, it will not be open to the proprietor of the registered trade mark to sue for infringement when though the impugned trade mark is identical with the registered trade mark, but is used in relation to goods or services which are not similar to those for which the trade mark is registered. To sum up, while sub--section (2) of Section 29 of the said Act deals with those situations where the trade mark is identical or similar and the goods covered by such a trade mark are identical or similar, sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act deals with situations where though the trade mark is identical, but the goods or services are not similar to those for which the trade mark is registered.53. Undisputedly, the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark RENAISSANCE is registered in relation to goods and services in Class 16 and Class 42 and the mark SAI RENAISSANCE, which is identical or similar to that of the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark, was being used by the respondents--defendants in relation to the goods and services similar to that of the appellant--plaintiffs.54. In these circumstances, we are of the considered view that it was not open for the High Court to have entered into the discussion as to whether the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark had a reputation in India and the use of the mark without due cause takes unfair advantage of or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or repute of the registered trade mark. We find that the High Court has erred in entering into the discussion as to whether the respondents--defendants and the appellant--plaintiff cater to different classes of customers and as to whether there was likely to be confusion in the minds of consumers with regard to the hotel of the respondents--defendants belonging to the same group as of the appellant--plaintiffs. As held by this Court in the case of Ruston & Hornsby Limited (supra), in an action for infringement, once it is found that the defendants trade mark was identical with the plaintiffs registered trade mark, the Court could not have gone into an enquiry whether the infringement is such as is likely to deceive or cause confusion. In an infringement action, an injunction would be issued as soon as it is proved that the defendant is improperly using the trade mark of the plaintiff.55. It is not in dispute that the appellant--plaintiffs trade mark RENAISSANCE is registered under Class 16 and Class 42, which deals with hotels and hotel related services and goods. It is also not in dispute that the mark and the business name SAI RENAISSANCE, which was being used by the respondents--defendants, was also in relation to Class 16 and Class 42. As such, the use of the word RENAISSANCE by the respondents--defendants as a part of their trade name or business concern, would squarely be hit by sub--section (5) of Section 29 of the said Act.56. It is further to be noted that the words RENAISSANCE and SAI RENAISSANCE are phonetically as well as visually similar. As already discussed hereinabove, sub--section (9) of Section 29 of the said Act provides that where the distinctive elements of a registered trade mark consist of or include words, the trade mark may be infringed by the spoken use of those words as well as by their visual representation. As such, the use of the word SAI RENAISSANCE which is phonetically and visually similar to RENAISSANCE, would also be an act of infringement in view of the provisions of sub--section (9) of Section 29 of the said Act.58. The glaring mistake that has been committed by the High Court is the failure to notice the following part of Section 30(1) of the said Act:(a) is in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial matters, and59. The perusal of Section 30(1) of the said Act would reveal that for availing the benefit of Section 30 of the said Act, it is required that the twin conditions, i.e., the use of the impugned trade mark being in accordance with the honest practices in industrial or commercial matters, and that such a use is not such as to take unfair advantage of or be detrimental to the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark, are required to be fulfilled. It is again to be noted that in sub--section (1) of Section 30 of the said Act, after clause (a), the word used is and, like the one used in sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act, in contradistinction to the word or used in sub--section (2) of Section 29 of the said Act. The High Court has referred only to the condition stipulated in clause (b) of sub--section (1) of Section 30 of the said Act ignoring the fact that, to get the benefit of sub--section (1) of Section 30 of the said Act, both the conditions had to be fulfilled. Unless it is established that such a use is in accordance with the honest practices in industrial or commercial matters, and is not to take unfair advantage or is not detrimental to the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark, one could not get benefit under Section 30(1) of the said Act. As such, the finding in this regard by the High Court is also erroneous.60. We find that the High Court has failed to take into consideration two important principles of interpretation. The first one being of textual and contextual interpretation. It will be apposite to refer to the guiding principles, succinctly summed up by Chinnappa Reddy, J., in the judgment of this Court in the case of Reserve Bank of India v. Peerless General Finance and Investment Co. Ltd. and Others (1987) 1 SCC 424 :33. Interpretation must depend on the text and the context. They are the bases of interpretation. One may well say if the text is the texture, context is what gives the colour. Neither can be ignored. Both are important. That interpretation is best which makes the textual interpretation match the contextual. A statute is best interpreted when we know why it was enacted. With this knowledge, the statute must be read, first as a whole and then section by section, clause by clause, phrase by phrase and word by word. If a statute is looked at, in the context of its enactment, with the glasses of the statute-maker, provided by such context, its scheme, the sections, clauses, phrases and words may take colour and appear different than when the statute is looked at without the glasses provided by the context. With these glasses we must look at the Act as a whole and discover what each section, each clause, each phrase and each word is meant and designed to say as to fit into the scheme of the entire Act. No part of a statute and no word of a statute can be construed in isolation. Statutes have to be construed so that every word has a place and everything is in its place. It is by looking at the definition as a whole in the setting of the entire Act and by reference to what preceded the enactment and the reasonsfor it that the Court construed the expression Prize Chit in Srinivasa [(1980) 4 SCC 507  : (1981) 1 SCR 801  : 51 Com Cas 464] and we find no reason to depart from the Courts construction.The legislative scheme as enacted under the said statute elaborately provides for the eventualities in which a proprietor of the registered trade mark can bring an action for infringement of the trade mark and the limits on effect of the registered trade mark. By picking up a part of the provisions in sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act and a part of the provision in sub--section (1) of Section 30 of the said Act and giving it a textual meaning without considering the context in which the said provisions have to be construed, in our view, would not be permissible. We are at pains to say that the High Court fell in error in doing so.62. Another principle that the High Court has failed to notice is that a part of a section cannot be read in isolation. This Court, speaking through A.P. Sen, J., in the case of Balasinor Nagrik Cooperative Bank Ltd. v. Babubhai Shankerlal Pandya and Others (1987) 1 SCC 606,  observed thus:4. …..It is an elementary rule that construction of a section is to be made of all parts together. It is not permissible to omit any part of it. For, the principle that the statute must be read as a whole is equally applicable to different parts of the same section…..This principle was reiterated by this Court in the case of Kalawatibai v. Soiryabai and Others (1991) 3 SCC 410 :6. ….. It is well settled that a section has to be read in its entirety as one composite unit without bifurcating it or ignoring any part of it…..63. Ignoring this principle, the High Court has picked up clause (c) of sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act in isolation without even noticing the other provisions contained in the said sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act. Similarly, again while considering the import of sub- section (1) of Section 30 of the said Act, the High Court has only picked up clause (b) of sub--section (1) of Section 30 of the said Act, ignoring the provisions contained in clause (a) of the said sub--section (1) of Section 30 of the said Act.64. That leaves us with the reliance placed by the High Court on the judgment of this Court in the case of Midas Hygiene Industries (P) Limited (supra). The High Court has relied on the following observations of this Court in the aforementioned case:5. The law on the subject is well settled. In cases of infringement either of trade mark or of copyright, normally an injunction must follow. Mere delay in bringing action is not sufficient to defeat grant of injunction in such cases. The grant of injunction also becomes necessary if it prima facie appears that the adoption of the mark was itself dishonest.[emphasis supplied by me]65. The emphasis has been placed by the High Court on the observations of this Court in the case of Midas Hygiene Industries (P) Limited (supra) to the effect that the grant of injunction also becomes necessary if it prima facie appears that the adoption of the mark was itself dishonest. The High Court has relied upon the said observations to reverse the order of injunction on the ground that there is no dishonesty in the respondents--defendants adoption of the mark and therefore, they cannot be said to have infringed the trade mark. In our considered view, the aforesaid observations are made out of context. In the said case, the suit was filed for passing off or for infringement of the copyright. In the said case, the Single Judge of the High Court had granted injunction in favour of the plaintiff from manufacturing, marketing, distributing or selling insecticides, pesticides as well as insect repellent under the name LAXMAN REKHA. The Division Bench had vacated the injunction on the ground that there was delay and laches. This Court found that at least from 1991, the plaintiff was using the mark LAXMAN REKHA and the plaintiff was having a copyright in the marks KRAZY LINES and LAXMAN REKHA with effect from 19th November 1991. It was also found that the respondent worked with the plaintiff prior to launching his business. In the said case, this Court observed that the grant of injunction becomes necessary if it prima facie appears that the adoption of the mark was itself dishonest. However, the said judgment cannot be used as a ratio for the proposition that, if the plaintiff fails to prove that the defendants use was dishonest, an injunction cannot be granted. On the contrary, the High Court has failed to take into consideration the observations made in the very same paragraph to the effect that in cases of infringement, either of a trade mark or copyright, normally an injunction must follow.66. Insofar as the reliance placed by the learned counsel for the respondents--defendants on the judgment of this Court in the case of Khoday Distilleries Limited (supra) is concerned, the said case arose out of an application filed by the applicants on 21st April 1986 with regard to rectification of the trade mark. In the said case, the manufacture of the product was started by the company in May 1968. The said company filed an application for registration of its mark before the competent authority. The manufacturer was informed that its application was accepted and it was allowed to proceed with the advertisement and the trade mark was subsequently registered inasmuch as there was only one opposition, and as such, the trade mark came to be registered. The applicants had not filed any opposition application. They came to know of the manufacturers mark on or about 20th September 1974. They filed an application for rectification of the said trade mark on 21st April 1986. The question of acquiescence was considered in the said case since it was noticed that though the product was being manufactured since 1968 and though the applicants who sought rectification application came to know about the same on or around 20th September 1974, the rectification application came to be filed only in the year 1986. The present case arises out of an action for infringement of a trade mark. As such, ratio in Khoday Distilleries Limited (supra), would not be applicable to the present case. It is further to be noted that this Court in paragraph (84) of the said judgment has specifically observed that the said Act had no application in the said case, which reads thus:84. So far as the applicability of the 1999 Act is concerned, having regard to the provisions of Sections 20(2) and 26(2), we are of the opinion that the 1999 Act will have no application.67. In that view of the matter, reliance placed by the respondents--defendants on the judgment of this Court in the case of Khoday Distilleries Limited (supra) is misplaced.68. Insofar as reliance placed on the judgment of this Court in the case of Nandhini Deluxe (supra) is concerned, in the said case, the marks for consideration were Nandhini and Nandini. It will be relevant to refer to the following observations of this Court in the said case:30. Applying the aforesaid principles to the instant case, when we find that not only visual appearance of the two marks is different, they even relate to different products. Further, the manner in which they are traded by the appellant and the respondent respectively, highlighted above, it is difficult to imagine that an average man of ordinary intelligence would associate the goods of the appellant as that of the respondent.69. It could thus be seen that in the facts of the said case, not only the visual appearance of the two marks were different, but they even related to different products. As such, the said judgment would also be of no assistance to the case of the respondents--defendants in the present case.70. Insofar as the reliance placed on the judgment of this Court in the case of Neon Laboratories Limited (supra) is concerned, the said case arose out of the proceedings for grant of temporary injunction under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. The trial court had granted an injunction in favour of the plaintiff finding that the plaintiff had, with prima facie material, established that it was using their trade mark well before the attempted use of an identical or closely similar trade mark by the appellant-defendant. The said injunction was affirmed by the Single Judge of the High Court. Confirming the concurrent orders, this Court held that the plaintiff would be entitled to a temporary injunction in light of the first in the market test. As such, the said judgment would also not be applicable to the facts of the present case.71. We are, therefore, of the considered view that the High Court fell in error on various counts. The present case stood squarely covered by the provisions of Section 29(2)(c) read with sub--section (3) of Section 29 of the said Act. The present case also stood covered under sub--sections (5) and (9) of Section 29 of the said Act. The High Court has erred in taking into consideration clause (c) of sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act in isolation without noticing other parts of the said sub--section (4) of Section 29 of the said Act and the import thereof. The High Court has failed to take into consideration that in order to avail the benefit of Section 30 of the said Act, apart from establishing that the use of the impugned trade mark was not such as to take unfair advantage of or is detrimental to the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark, it is also necessary to establish that such a use is in accordance with the honest practices in industrial or commercial matters. As such, we have no hesitation to hold that the High Court was not justified in interfering with the well-reasoned order of the trial court.72. Therefore, we are of the considered view that the High Court fell in error by interfering with the well-reasoned order of the trial court and so, the present appeal deserves to be allowed.