Case: Cemindia Co. Ltd Vs. Bachubhai N. Raval

The appellant is a company which is carrying on business as "engineers and engineering contractors" and is engaged in building and construction industry. By the Notification bearing No. GSR 1398 published in the Gazette of India dated 26.9.1964 (Part II, Section 3(i), page 1546) issued under section 1(3)(b) of the Act, the Act was extended to establishments of engineers and engineering contractors not being exclusively engaged in building and construction industry. By the notice dated 11th October, 1967 the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner of Bombay called upon the appellant-company to show cause why it should not be directed to comply with the Act in respect of the workmen employed at its workshop at Antop Hill, Wadala in Bombay. The appellant submitted its representation on 13th October, 1967 claiming that the Act was not applicable to it since the appellant was exclusively engaged in building and construction industry and the workshop in question had been set up only for the purpose of carrying out work ancillary to the building and construction industry in which it was engaged and that the appellant was not carrying on any work for others at the said workshop. The Regional Provident Fund Commissioner negatived the contention of the appellant and directed that the appellant should make contributions with effect from 1st December, 1963 in accordance with the scheme framed under the Act in respect of the workmen employed at its workshop who were just 70 or 80 in number while the total working force of the appellant in its building and construction industry was in the order of 2, 00 0. The appellant had established another workshop for its own purpose at Calcutta. On being served with a similar demand it had filed a writ petition in Writ Petition No. 614 of 1967 in the Calcutta High Court contending that the Act did not apply to such an establishment. In view of the above writ petition which was pending on the file of the Calcutta High Court, the appellant represented to the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner, Bombay to stay further action under the Act till the disposal of the writ petition filed in the Calcutta High Court. The Regional Provident Fund Commissioner rejected the said request of the appellant and directed it to comply with the demand already made in respect of the workshop at Bombay. After some correspondence, the appellant filed Miscellaneous Petition No. 488 of 1968 on the file of the High Court of Bombay, out of which this appeal by special leave arises, questioning the validity of the notice issued to it calling upon it to comply with the provisions of the Act and the scheme made thereunder in respect of its workshop at Bombay.It should be stated at this stage that the writ petition filed before the Calcutta High Court was allowed and the notice issued to the appellant to comply with the Act and the scheme made thereunder in respect of the workshop at Calcutta was quashed by the judgment of the High Court dated January 6, 1970 and that judgment has become final.. When the writ petition, out of which this appeal arises was taken up for hearing by the High Court of Bombay, it was brought to the notice of the High Court of Bombay that a similar notice issued in respect of the workshop at Calcutta had been quashed and a similar order should be passed on the petition before the Bombay High Court also. The High Court of Bombay declined to follow the decision of the Calcutta High Court and proceeded to pass the judgment upholding the demand made by the Regional Provident Fund Commissioner. Aggrieved by the decision of the High Court of Bombay, the appellant has filed this appeal by special leave.

Court's reasoning:
The notification issued under section 1(3)(b) of the Act makes the Act applicable to establishments of "engineers and engineering contractors, not being exclusively engaged in building and construction industry". It follows that any establishment carrying on the business of engineers and engineering contractors which is exclusively engaged in building and construction industry does not fall within the scope of the notification and hence the Act would not be applicable to such an establishment. Any such establishment which carried on an activity which form s part of the build- ing and construction industry should naturally be exempted from the operation of the Act because the expression build- ing and construction industry refers collectively to all activities which have to be performed in connection with the building and construction industry. In order to discharge effectively its functions as engineers and engineering contractors engaged in building and construction industry, an establishment has to maintain a workshop or workshops wh ere the work of smithy, welding, cutting, carpentry etc. are carried on. Without these operations it is not possible for any person to carry on satisfactorily the work building and construction industry. The reason for taking this view is obvious. An establishment exclusively engaged in running a hospital does not cease to be an establishment exclusively carrying on the said business merely because it sets up a Pharmacy Section for preparing and compounding medicines to be used exclusively b y the patients at its hospital. Similarly an establishment which is exclusively engaged in providing shipping transport facilities does not cease to be an establishment exclusively carrying-on the said business merely because it sets up an on-shore workshop for effecting repairs exclusively to its own ships. Such illustrations may be multiplied. The point which is made out by these illustrations is that where an establishment is engaged exclusively in carrying on a particular type of business by setting up any place of work with a view to carrying on the work of repairs etc. to the tools, equipment, vehicles etc. used in its business or to carry on any other activity which is essential for its business effectively and which is not used to carry on the work for the benefit of any third party but utilised exclusively for the business of the establishment, such establishment does not cease to carry on exclusively the business in which it is engaged. It cannot also be said that the establishment has commenced to carry on another industry by the setting up of such a place of work.In the instant case there is no dispute that the work that is being carried on at the appellants workshop at Bombay is work of maintaining and repairing of the equipment belonging to the appellant only. The appellant is not earning any income or profit by carrying on the work of any other establishment at the said workshop. In the above situation, we find it difficult to agree with the High Court that the workshop establishment by the appellant at Bombay is an independent establishment of engineers and engineering contractors which is not exclusively engaged in building and construction industry. The High Court was in error in treating the workshop in question as a separate unit of the business of the appellant forming a separate establishment for purposes of determining whether the Act is applicable to the appellant or not. It should have taken all the business operations carried on by the appellant in their totality into consideration in order to ascertain whether the appellant is engaged exclusively in building and construction industry or not. If the High Court had approached the case from the above angle it would not have committed the error of declaring the workshop at Bombay alone as an establishment governed by the Act. By splitting up the several operations carried on by the appellant in connection with the building and construction industry into separate units and thereby treating the workshop alone as a separate establishment, the High Court misled itself into thinking that the workshop of the appellant at Bombay was governed by the Act. We agree with the decision of the Calcutta High Court that such a workshop in which works connected with the business of building and construction industry were being carried on in connection with such business of the owner cannot be construed as a separate establishment for purposes of the Act. We, there- fore, set aside the judgment of the High Court and quash the impugned notice issued by the Regional Provident Fund Com- missioner, Bombay, calling upon the appellant to comply with the provisions of the Act and the scheme made thereunder in respect of the workmen employed at its workshop at Bombay.