Case: Gurjeewan Garewal Vs. Sumitra Dash

2. The 1st Respondent, Mrs. Sumitra Dash, was working with the 2nd Respondent- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (PGIMER). At her request, ex-India (extraordinary) leave was granted to her by PGIMER with effect from 16/12/1991 for a period of two years by the Order made on 6/4/1992. This leave was sanctioned, inter alia, on the express condition that - she will neither resign/seek voluntary retirement while on leave nor will request for further extension of ex-India leave". By this time she had already started working as a consultant Haematologist at the Salmaniya Medical Center, Bahrain.3. Sometime in 1992, the 1st Respondent filed a Writ Petition bearing No. CWP No. 16212 of 1992 before the Punjab and Haryana High Court challenging the selection and appointment of Petitioner herein as Professor of Haematology in PIGMER. It is submitted, before us that this matter is still pending before the High Court. On 11/12/1993, 1st Respondent requested PGIMER for an extension of her ex-India leave up to 15/12/1994. This request was rejected. PGIMER asked her to resume duty by 14/2/1994. She did not respond to this request. On 26/9/1994 1st Respondent was informed by the PGIMER that she was deemed to have permanently left the Institute with effect from 16/12/1991. That on 6/9/1994, an Application bearing No. 8535 of 1994 in CWP No. 16212 of 1992 was moved by the 1st Respondent before the High Court to stay the initiation of disciplinary action against her for not joining duty on expiry of the leave. The High Court granted an interim Stay on 6/9/1994, made the same absolute on 21.9.1994.4. On 14/1/1995 PGIMER issued a Memorandum to the 1st Respondent. The Memorandum proposed to hold an inquiry against 1st Respondent under Rule 14 of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965 concerning her misconduct. The same was also annexed with Articles of Charge, statement of imputations and the relevant documents. 1st Respondent filed a Contempt Petition against PGIMER alleging that the Memorandum amounts to contempt of the Orders of the High Court dated 6/9/1994. Subsequently, PGIMER withdrew the charges against the 1st Respondent and tendered unqualified apology before the High Court.5. Later, on 8/2/1999, an application CM No. 5813 of 1999 in CWP No. 16212 of 1992 was moved before the High Court to vacate the Stay Order dated 6/9/1994 so as to enable PGIMER to initiate appropriate disciplinary proceedings against 1st Respondent. It is submitted before us that this matter is also pending before the High Court. By the time, that on 27/12/1999 the 1st Respondent requested the PGIMER to allow her to join the duty by treating her extended ex-India leave as leave under exceptional circumstances in the light of regulations 35 and 36 of the PGIMER Regulations, 1967. Thereafter she is said to have forwarded a joining report. Vide Memo dated 10/1/2000 PGIMER rejected the said joining report. It is also clarified in the same Memo that the President rejected her application on the ground that no exceptional circumstances existed to prevent her from joining the duty. Subsequently the concerned authority ratified this decision of rejection.6. On 11/5/2000 1st Respondent moved Application CM No. 4912 of 2000 in CWP No. 16212 of 1992 before the High Court seeking directions to PGIMER to permit her to rejoin her duty. This Application was rejected with liberty to her to move a separate petition to the same effect. On 11/7/2000 CWP No. 8504 of 2000 was filed by the 1st Respondent before the Punjab & Haryana High Court. It challenges the Orders passed by PGIMER on 10/1/2000 whereby the joining report was rejected. The main Prayer of the 1st Respondent before the High Court in CWP No. 8504 of 2000 is to issue a writ of mandamus"... directing the respondents to permit the petitioner to rejoin her duties immediately.." She contended in that petition that there couldnt be an automatic termination of service without any charge sheet, departmental proceedings or enquiry against her. Therefore, she submitted that she was not given an opportunity to explain or defend herself and consequently there is violation of the principles of natural justice.7. While deciding the matter High Court has adverted to the decision in Jai Shanker vs. State of Rajasthan AIR 1966 sC 492 , wherein a state government employee was discharged from service due to his unauthorized leave. Here the order of termination was passed without hearing him. In this context, quashing the Order of discharge, this Court heldA removal is removal and if it is punishment for overstaying ones leave an opportunity must be given to the person against whom such an order is proposed, no matter how the Regulation describes it. To give no opportunity is to go against Article 311.In State of Assam vs. Akshaya Kumar AIR 1976 SC 37 while upholding the High Court order of quashing the unilateral removal of a Government Servant, this Court opinedThe impugned order dated February 13, 1963 was violative of Article 311(2) of the Constitution and as such, illegal. It was imperatively necessary to give the servant an opportunity to show cause against the proposedCourt then referred to another decision by a Constitution bench of this Court in Deokinandan Prasad vs. State of Bihar (AIR 1971 SC 1409 ). This is a case in which a Civil servant was removed from service and this Court ruled that since an opportunity of hearing was not given before passing the Order, the same was held to be violative of Article 311. Another case referred to by the High Court is Uptron India Ltd. vs. Shammi Bhan (1998) 6 SCC 538. Here also the issue was related to the violation of Article 311.9. Relying on the ratio in the aforementioned decisions the High Court allowed the Petition filed by the 1st Respondent herein by observing that the request of the petitioner for joining duty ought not to have been declined without giving her an opportunity of hearing to put forward her case and without an opportunity to the petitioner for showing cause as to why the provisions of Regulation 36 ought not to have been applied to her case. Therefore, this writ petition has to be succeed.10. Thus the High Court permitted the 1st Respondent to rejoin the duty of PGIMER during the pendency of the CWP No. 16212 of 1992. This decision is impugned before us. Pursuant to this decision, PGIMER permitted 1st Respondent to rejoin duty w.e.f. 5/4/2001. The impugned decision and the subsequent action of the PGIMER aggrieved the Petitioner. Hence this SLP.

Court's reasoning:
12. At the outset it is to be mentioned that Article 311 cannot be automatically invoked in all the instances where a person is not given an opportunity of hearing. Article 311 confers certain safeguards upon persons employed in civil capacities under the Union of India or a State. Only persons who are holding civil posts can claim the protection provided under Article 311. The 1st Respondent could claim the protection of Article 311 only if she holds a civil post.Reverting back to the case in hand, Section 4 of The Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh Act, 1966 (PGIMER Act) says that PGIMER is a body corporate which is having a perpetual succession and a common seal with power. This clearly provides that PGIMER is a separate entity in itself. Admittedly the employees of any authority which is a legal entity separate from the State, cannot claim to be holders of civil posts under the State in order to attract the protection of Article 311. There is also no master and servant relationship between the State and an employee of PGIMER, which is a separate legal entity in itself. It is a settled position that a person cannot be said to have a status of holding a civil post under State merely because his salary is paid from the State fund or that the State exercises a certain amount of control over the post. The PGIMER Act might have provided for some control over the institution but this doesnt mean that the same is a State for the purpose of Article 311. Therefore the employees of PGIMER cannot avail the protection of Article 311 since the same can be claimed only by the members of a civil service of the Union or of All India Service or of a civil service of a State or by persons who hold a civil post under the Union or a State. PGIMER cannot be treated as a State for the purpose of Article 311 and the employees therein are not holding any civil post. In result, the 1st Respondent is not holding a civil post and she cannot claim the guard of Article 311.Similarly, in the case in hand the 1st Respondent was originally granted an ex-India leave for two years on the express condition that she will be deemed to have vacated the post if she opts not to join after the leave period. But she preferred to remain in the greener pastures for a pretty long time in spite of the repeated reminders from PGIMER. She employed the case before the High Court as a dilatory tactic to continue with her foreign assignment and evaded herself from joining under some pretext or other.23. Crucial aspect to be noted in this case is that the Respondent No.1, on 6/9/1994 obtained a stay of disciplinary action against her vide an Application bearing No. 8535 of 1994 in CWP No. 16212 of 1992. In the face of law, such a stay ought not to have been granted by the High Court since the prayer in that CWP cannot have any bearing upon the Ex-India leave obtained by R-1 or on its subsequent extensions or on the out come of disciplinary action. The disciplinary proceedings against her and the case filed by her are separate actions. It could proceed separately. Thus that stay is liable to be vacated. But the judgment impugned in this case arises from CWP No. 8504 of 2000 wherein R-1 essentially challenges her rejection of her Application to join duty under Rule 36 of the PGIMER Rules on the ground of violation of the principles of Natural Justice. In the facts of this case that issue will not arise if the original disciplinary proceedings are completed. Therefore, exercising our extraordinary powers, we vacate the stay granted by the High Court in CWP No. 16212 of 1992 and direct the PGIMER authorities to proceed with the disciplinary proceedings against R-1 regarding her unauthorized absence from duty. Since R-1 is allowed to rejoin her duty under the Orders of High Court, in the meanwhile she may continue in service subject to the outcome of disciplinary enquiry. PGIMER may complete the enquiry as expeditiously as possible. If necessary the PGIMER is at liberty to consider whether her continuance in the service during pendency of the inquiry is appropriate or not, and place her under suspension, if necessary, and in which event also consider whether the appellant before us should be given appointment in her place and pass appropriate orders, if necessary.