Case: Sedco Forex International Inc. Thr. Its Constituted Attorney Mr. Navin Sarda Vs. Commissioner Of Income Tax Meerut

7. The assessees herein had entered into contracts primarily with Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC), a public sector company, for hire of their rig for carrying out oil exploration activities in India. For this purpose, they were paid mobilisation fee as well, for and on account of mobilisation/movement of rig from foreign soil/country to the off-shore side at Mumbai (India).Right from the Assessing Officer (AO) till the High Court, all the fora have answered this question in affirmative holding that this amount is to be included for computing profits and gains of the businesses of the assessees.8. Civil Appeal Nos. 4906 of 2010, 4907 of 2010, 4915 of 2010 filed by Sedco Forex International Inc., M/s Transocean Offshore Inc., M/s Sedco Forex International Drilling Inc. respectively were taken up as lead matters and, therefore, for the sake of brevity, we recapitulate the factual matrix from the said appeals, as it would suffice for answering the question involved9. During the years under consideration, the assessees are engaged in executing the contracts all over the world including India in connection with exploration and production of mineral oil. The assessees are companies incorporated outside India and, therefore, non-resident within the meaning of Section 6 of the Act. The assessees entered into agreements with ONGC, Enron Oil and Gas India Ltd. The aforesaid agreements provided for the scope of work along with separate consideration for the work undertaken. Since the dispute is about mobilisation charges, clauses in respect thereof are as under:Operating Rate - Receipts for undertaking drilling operations computed by per day rates provided in the contract. The operating rates shall be payable from the time the drilling unit is jacked-up and ready at the location to spud the first wellMobilisation - charges for the transport of the drilling unit from a location outside India to a location in India as may be designated by ONGC.n addition to the above, assessees also received amounts from the operator towards reimbursement of expenses like catering, boarding/lodging, fuel, customs duty, the supply of material etc., with which we are not concerned10. The assessees filed their return of income declaring income from charter higher of the rig. The same was offered to tax under Section 44BB of the Act. In the case of Sedco Forex International Inc., the assessee did not include the amount received as mobilisation charges to the gross revenue for the purpose of computation under Section 44BB of the Act. In the case of Transocean Offshore Inc., the assessee included 1% of the mobilisation fees. The mobilisation fees were offered to tax on a 1% deemed profit basis on the ratio of the CBDT Instruction No. 1767 dated July 1, 198711. The AO included the amounts received for mobilisation/demobilisation to the gross revenue to arrive at the profits and gains for the purpose of computing TAX under Section 44BB of the Act. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) hereinafter referred to as the `CIT(A) confirmed the action of the AO. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as the `ITAT) in the case of Sedco Forex International Inc. dismissed the appeal of the assessee and the action of the AO was upheld insofar as the mobilisation charges were concerned. In the case of Transocean Offshore Inc., the ITAT upheld the view taken by the assessee and directed the AO to assess the profits on mobilisation charges at 1% of the amount received. This was done following the Circular of CBDT Instruction No. 1767 dated July 1, 1987 and decision of the third Member in the case of Saipem S.P.A. v. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, 88 ITD 213 (Del). The High Court has held that the mobilisation charges reimbursed inter alia even for the services rendered outside India were taxable under Section 44BB of the Act as the same is not governed by the charging provisions of Sections 5 and 9 of the Act. Even on the issue of reimbursement in M/s. Sedco Forex International Drilling Inc. (Civil Appeal No. 4915 of 2010), the High Court followed its earlier judgments dated September 20, 2007 and May 22, 2009 to hold that reimbursement of expenses incurred by the assessee was to be included in the gross receipts, and taxable under Section 44BB of the Act.

Court's reasoning:
4. At this juncture, we reproduce the provisions of Section 44BB of the Act5. A bare reading of the aforesaid provision brings out the following salient features thereof:(a) Sub-section (1) is a non-obstante clause, starting with the expression `notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Sections 28 to 41 and Sections 43 and 43A. Thus, once we apply this special provision for computation of profits and gains, provisions for computation of such profits as contained in Sections 28 to 41 and Sections 43 and 43A of the Act stand excluded(b) In order to attract the provisions of Section 44BB of the Act, two conditions are to be specified, namely, (i) assessee has to be a non-resident; and (ii) assessee should be engaged in the business of exploration etc. in mineral oils of the nature specifically spelled out in the provision(c) Choice is given to such an assessee under sub-section (3) of the Act to either claim lower profits and gains than the profits and gains specified in sub-section (2) and covered by normal provisions of computing profits and gains of business or profession, subject to fulfilling the conditions of audit etc. as mentioned therein or to be governed by Section 44BB of the Act(d) In case the twin conditions mentioned above are satisfied, the assessee can take the benefit of paying the tax as per the provisions of Section 44BB on deemed profits and gains of its business and such profits and gains are to be calculated as per the formula provided in sub-section (2) thereof. Pertinently, it is a `deemed provision for calculating profits and gains of business or profession, which means that such profits and gains are to be arrived at fictionally, as per provisions contained in sub-section (2)(e) Sub-section (2) mentions the amounts which are to be added up, and the aggregate of those amounts is deemed to be profits and gains on which 10% tax is charged as component of income tax.6. Coming to the lis that is involved in these appeals, it may be seen that sub-section (2) mentions two kinds of amounts which are to be treated as profits and gains of the business. In clause (a) of sub-section (2), the amount referred to are those which are paid or payable to the assessee on account of the provision of services and facilities in connection with, or supply of plant and machinery on hire used or to be used in the prospecting for, or extraction or production of, mineral oils in India. It is immaterial whether the said amount is paid or payable in India or out of India. Second kind of amounts mentioned in clause (b) of sub-section (2) are those sums which are received or deemed to be received by or on behalf of the assessee on account of provision of services and facilities in connection with, or supply of plant and machinery on hire used or to be used in the prospecting for, extraction or production of mineral oils outside India. Here, however, only those sums which are paid or payable in India are to be included.12. From the aforesaid brief narration of facts, it may be discerned that following three types of payments were given by the ONGC to the assessees:(ii) Custom duty reimbursement(iii) Operational charges reimbursement.38. We feel that High Court may not be entirely correct in law in excluding the provisions of Sections 5 and 9 in those cases where the assessment is opted by the assessee under Section 44BB of the Act. Submissions of learned counsel for the assessees are justified to the extent that Section 44BB of the Act is a special provision providing computation mechanism for computing profits and gains in case of non-resident assessee engaged in activities relating to business of exploration of mineral oil etc. At the same time Sections 4,5 and 9 of the Act which deal with charging section, total income and income of non-resident which arises or deem to arise in India cannot be sidetracked. These are the provisions which bring a particular income within the net of income tax. Therefore, it is imperative that a particular income is covered by the charging provisions contained in Section 5 of the Act. Indian Income Tax Act, admittedly, follows a territorial system of taxation. As per this system only that income of a non-resident is taxable in India which is attributable to operations within the Indian Territory. Therefore, in the first instance it is to be seen whether a particular income arises or accrues or deem to arise or accrue within India. In order to seek this answer, the principles contained in Section 9 have to be applied only when it becomes an income taxable in India as per Section 9, in case of non-resident, the question of computation of the said income would arise. To recapitulate the scheme of the Act in this behalf, it may be stated that Section 4 is the charging section for levying a tax on the income of any person under the Act and provides that income-tax shall be levied at the rates provided by the Finance Act on the `total income of the previous year of every person. The expression `total income has been defined in Section 2(45) of the Act to mean the total amount of income referred to in Section 5 computed in the manner laid down under the Act.41. Section 9(1)(i) provides that income is to be deemed to have accrued or arising in India if the income is accruing directly or indirectly through any business connection in India or from any property in India or from any asset or source of income in India or any capital asset situated in India (referred as business income). Explanation 1(a) to Section 9(1)(i) of the Act provides an exclusion in the case of operations which are not carried out in India. The explanation provides that the income of the business deemed under this clause to accrue or arise in India shall be only that part of the income as is reasonably attributable to the operations carried out in India. Thus, business income earned by non-resident is chargeable to tax in India only to the extent reasonably attributable to the operations carried out in India42. It is, however, pertinent to point out that Section 44BB(2) makes certain receipts as deemed income for the purposes of taxation in the said provision. Therefore, aid of this provision is to be necessarily taken to determine whether a particular amount will be income within the meaning of Section 5 of the Act. Likewise, Section 44BB(2) also acts as guide to determine whether a particular income is attributed as income occurred in India. Section 44BB of the Act provides for special provision for computing profits and gains. However, that would not mean that if the income is to be computed under this provision, we have to give a go-by to Sections 5 and 9 of the Act. To this extent, remarks of the High Court may not be correct. Law in this behalf is settled by the judgment of this Court in A. Sanyasi Rao case as can be discerned from the following discussion in the said judgment.We are further of the view that the basis of a charge relating to income tax is laid down in Sections 4 to 9 of the Act. Section 4 is the charging section. Income-tax is levied in respect of the total income of the previous year of every person. Section 5 deals with the scope of total income. Section 6 deals with the residence in India. Section 7 deals with the income deemed to be received. Section 8 deals with dividend income. Section 9 deals with the income deemed to accrue or arise in IndiaThe crucial words in Section 9(1) to the effect that all income accruing or arising , whether directly or indirectly, through or from any business connection occurred in Section 42 of the Income Tax Act, 1922 as well. The said section came up for consideration before this Court in Anglo-French Textile Co. Ltd. v. CIT [(1953) 23 ITR 101The counsel for the revenue Dr. Gaurishankar vehemently contended before us that Section 44AC read with Section 206C are only machinery provisions and not charging sections. We see force in this plea. The charge for the levy of the income that accrued or arose is laid by the charging sections, viz., Sections 5 to 9 and not by virtue of Section 44AC or section 206CHowever, the denial of relief provided by sections 28 to 43C to the particular businesses or trades dealt with in Section 44AC calls for a different consideration. Even, according to the revenue, the provisions (sections 44AC and 206C) are only `machinery provisions. If so, why should the normal reliefs afforded to all assessees be denied to such traders? Prima facie, all assessees similarly placed under the Income Tax Act are entitled to equal treatment. In the matter of granting various reliefs provided under sections 28 to 43C, the assessees carrying on business are similarly placed and should there be a law, negativing such valuable reliefs to a particular trade or business, it should be shown to have some basis and fair and rational. It has not been shown as to why the persons carrying on business in the particular goods specified in section 44AC are denied the reliefs available to others. No plea is put forward by the revenue that these trades are distinct and different even for the grant of reliefs under Sections 28 to 43C. The denial of such reliefs to trades specified in section 44AC, available to other assessees, has no nexus to the object sought to be achieved by the Legislature. Having corrected the position in law, by emphasising that Sections 4, 5 and 9 of the Act are to be kept in mind even in those cases where assessment is done under Section 44BB of the Act, we are of the opinion that the argument of the assessees that Section 44BB is only a computation provision, is also not entirely justified44. In the first blush, assessees may appear to be correct in their contentions that Section 44BB falls in Chapter IV of the Act. Insofar as computation of income from `Profits or Gains of Business or Profession is concerned, it has to be computed as per the provisions of Sections 28 to 43D(2). However, certain provisions are made for providing special mechanism for computing the income on presumptive basis in case of non-resident and it includes Section 44BB as well.46. We have already reproduced above Clause 3.2 of the Agreement dated September 3, 1985 and Clause 4.2 of the Agreement dated July 12, 1986. Clause 3.2 of the Agreement dated September 3, 1985 pertains to providing the Shallow Dash Water Jack Up Rig against which payment was made to the assessees. This Clause says that the assessees shall be paid `mobilisation fee for the mobilisation of drilling unit from its present location in Portugal to the well location designated by ONGC, offshore Mumbai, India. Fixed amount is agreed to be paid which is mentioned in the said Clause. The aforesaid mobilisation fee was payable to the assessees after the jacking up of the drilling at the designated location and ready to spud the well. After the aforesaid operation, assessees were required to raise invoice and ONGC was supposed to make the payment within 30 days of the receipt of this invoice. Insofar as Clause 4.2 of Agreement dated July 12, 1986 is concerned, it related to mobilisation of drilling unit. Here again, `mobilisation fee was payable for the mobilisation of the drilling unit from the place of its origin to the port of entry (Kandla Port, Mumbai). What follows from the above is that a fixed amount of mobilisation fee was payable under the aforesaid contracts as compensation. Contracts specifically describe the aforesaid amounts as `fee. In this hue, we have to consider as to whether it would be treated as income under Section 5 of the Act and can be attributed as income earned in India as per Section 9 of the Act. For this purpose, Section 44BB(2) has to be invoked.47. Section 44BB starts with non-obstante clause, and the formula contained therein for computation of income is to be applied irrespective of the provisions of Sections 28 to 41 and Sections 43 and 43A of the Act. It is not in dispute that assessees were assessed under the said provision which is applicable in the instant case. For assessment under this provision, a sum equal to 10% of the aggregate of the amounts specified in sub-section (2) shall be deemed to be the profits and gains of such business chargeable to tax under the head `profits and gains of the business or profession. Sub-section (2) mentions two kinds of amounts which shall be deemed as profits and gains of the business chargeable to tax in India. Sub-clause (a) thereof relates to amount paid or payable to the assessee or any person on his behalf on account of provision of services and facilities in connection with, or supply of plant and machinery on hire used, or to be used in the prospecting for, or extraction or production of, mineral oils in India. Thus, all amounts pertaining to the aforesaid activity which are received on account of provisions of services and facilities in connection with the said facility are treated as profits and gains of the business. This clause clarifies that the amount so paid shall be taxable whether these are received in India or outside India. Clause (b) deals with amount received or deemed to be received in India in connection with such services and facilities as stipulated therein. Thus, whereas clause (a) mentions the amount which is paid or payable, clause (b) deals with the amounts which are received or deemed to be received in India. In respect of amount paid or payable under clause (a) of sub-section (2), it is immaterial whether these are paid in India or outside India. On the other hand, amount received or deemed to be received have to be in India48. From the bare reading of the clauses, amount paid under the aforesaid contracts as mobilisation fee on account of provision of services and facilities in connection with the extraction etc. of mineral oil in India and against the supply of plant and machinery on hire used for such extraction, clause (a) stands attracted. Thus, this provision contained in Section 44BB has to be read in conjunction with Sections 5 and 9 of the Act and Sections 5 and 9 of the Act cannot be read in isolation. The aforesaid amount paid to the assessees as mobilisation fee is treated as profits and gains of business and, therefore, it would be income as per Section 5. This provision also treats this income as earned in India, fictionally, thereby satisfying the test of Section 9 of the Act as well49. The Tribunal has rightly commented that Section 44BB of the Act is a special provision for computing profits and gains in connection with the business of exploration of mineral oils. Its purpose was explained by the Department vide its Circular No. 495 dated September 22, 1987, namely, to simplify the computation of taxable income as number of complications were involved for those engaged in the business of providing services and facilities in connection with, or supply of plant and machinery on hire used or to be used in the prospecting for, or extraction or production of, mineral etc. Instead of going into the nitigrities of such computation as per the normal provisions contained in Sections 28 to 41 and Sections 43 and 43A of the Act, the Legislature has simplified the procedure by providing that tax shall be paid @10% of the `aggregate of the amounts specified in sub-section (2) and those amounts are `deemed to be the profits and gains of such business chargeable to tax.... It is a matter of record that when income is computed under the head `profits and gains of business or profession, rate of tax payable on the said income is much higher. However, the Legislature provided a simple formula, namely, treating the amounts paid or payable (whether in or out of India) and amount received or deemed to be received in India as mentioned in sub-section (2) of Section 44BB as the deemed profits and gains. Thereafter, on such deemed profits and gains (treating the same as income), a concessional flat rate of 10% is charged to tax. In these circumstances, the AO is supposed to apply the provisions of Section 44BB of the Act, in order to find out as to whether a particular amount is deemed income or not. When it is found that the amount paid or payable (whether in or out of India), or amount received or deemed to be received in India is covered by sub-section (2) of Section 44BB of the Act, by fiction created under Section 44BB of the Act, it becomes `income under Sections 5 and 9 of the Act as well50. It is stated at the cost of repetition that, in the instant case, the amount which is paid to the assessees is towards mobilisation fee. It does not mention that the same is for reimbursement of expenses. In fact, it is a fixed amount paid which may be less or more than the expenses incurred. Incurring of expenses, therefore, would be immaterial. It is also to be borne in mind that the contract in question was indivisible. Having regard to these facts in the present case as per which the case of the assessees get covered under the aforesaid provisions, we do not find any merit in any of the contentions raised by the assessees. Therefore, the ultimate conclusion drawn by the AO, which is upheld by all other Authorities is correct, though some of the observations of the High Court may not be entirely correct which have been straightened by us in the above discussion. For our aforesaid reasons, we uphold the conclusion.39. The scope of the total income of any person, which could be subjected to tax under the provisions of the Act, is defined under Section 5 of the Act and dependent upon the residential status of the persons.